Skip to main content

Full text of "Fly anglers online"

See other formats


Google 


This  is  a  digital  copy  of  a  book  that  was  preserved  for  generations  on  Hbrary  shelves  before  it  was  carefully  scanned  by  Google  as  part  of  a  project 

to  make  the  world's  books  discoverable  online. 

It  has  survived  long  enough  for  the  copyright  to  expire  and  the  book  to  enter  the  public  domain.  A  public  domain  book  is  one  that  was  never  subject 

to  copyright  or  whose  legal  copyright  term  has  expired.  Whether  a  book  is  in  the  public  domain  may  vary  country  to  country.  Public  domain  books 

are  our  gateways  to  the  past,  representing  a  wealth  of  history,  culture  and  knowledge  that's  often  difficult  to  discover. 

Marks,  notations  and  other  maiginalia  present  in  the  original  volume  will  appear  in  this  file  -  a  reminder  of  this  book's  long  journey  from  the 

publisher  to  a  library  and  finally  to  you. 

Usage  guidelines 

Google  is  proud  to  partner  with  libraries  to  digitize  public  domain  materials  and  make  them  widely  accessible.  Public  domain  books  belong  to  the 
public  and  we  are  merely  their  custodians.  Nevertheless,  this  work  is  expensive,  so  in  order  to  keep  providing  this  resource,  we  liave  taken  steps  to 
prevent  abuse  by  commercial  parties,  including  placing  technical  restrictions  on  automated  querying. 
We  also  ask  that  you: 

+  Make  non-commercial  use  of  the  files  We  designed  Google  Book  Search  for  use  by  individuals,  and  we  request  that  you  use  these  files  for 
personal,  non-commercial  purposes. 

+  Refrain  fivm  automated  querying  Do  not  send  automated  queries  of  any  sort  to  Google's  system:  If  you  are  conducting  research  on  machine 
translation,  optical  character  recognition  or  other  areas  where  access  to  a  large  amount  of  text  is  helpful,  please  contact  us.  We  encourage  the 
use  of  public  domain  materials  for  these  purposes  and  may  be  able  to  help. 

+  Maintain  attributionTht  GoogXt  "watermark"  you  see  on  each  file  is  essential  for  informing  people  about  this  project  and  helping  them  find 
additional  materials  through  Google  Book  Search.  Please  do  not  remove  it. 

+  Keep  it  legal  Whatever  your  use,  remember  that  you  are  responsible  for  ensuring  that  what  you  are  doing  is  legal.  Do  not  assume  that  just 
because  we  believe  a  book  is  in  the  public  domain  for  users  in  the  United  States,  that  the  work  is  also  in  the  public  domain  for  users  in  other 
countries.  Whether  a  book  is  still  in  copyright  varies  from  country  to  country,  and  we  can't  offer  guidance  on  whether  any  specific  use  of 
any  specific  book  is  allowed.  Please  do  not  assume  that  a  book's  appearance  in  Google  Book  Search  means  it  can  be  used  in  any  manner 
anywhere  in  the  world.  Copyright  infringement  liabili^  can  be  quite  severe. 

About  Google  Book  Search 

Google's  mission  is  to  organize  the  world's  information  and  to  make  it  universally  accessible  and  useful.   Google  Book  Search  helps  readers 
discover  the  world's  books  while  helping  authors  and  publishers  reach  new  audiences.  You  can  search  through  the  full  text  of  this  book  on  the  web 

at|http  :  //books  .  google  .  com/| 


(^■)~i^t.^  w     <,     ^»- 


REPORl 


Of   T'..r. 


i  >[<TVFIFTH  ANNl'AL  MLLTING 


OF  THfc 


nerican  Bar  Association 


HELU  AT 


v\N.  FR.WCISCO,  CALIFORNIA 


MKil  Sr  o.   TO  and  ii,   10^2 


b/*rT;.MuJ^H . 
THE  L'»K:)  L'.ALTiyii>KE  Vl^i.S^ 


REPORT 


OF  THE 


FORTY-FIFTH  ANNUAL  MEETING 


OF  THE 


American  Bar  Association 


HELD  AT 


SAN,  FRANCISCO,  CALIFORNIA 


AUGUST  9,  lo  and  ii,  1922 


f        .     •      •  •       ' 


BALTIMORE: 
THE  LORD  BALTIMORE  PRESS 

1922 


29680 


2 


•  •• 


.    .i  : 


•  '•  ■     •  ,  •  • 


CONTENTS. 

PAQB 

Portrait  of  President Frontispiece 

Canons  of  Ethics 7 

Proceedings  of  American  Bar  Association : 

Ist  day,  Morning  Session 10 

Afternoon  Session   28 

Evening  Session  30 

2d  day,  Morning  Session 32 

Afternoon  Session 35 

Evening  Session  :  72 

3d  day,  Morning  Session 77 

Secretary's  Report   103 

Treasurer's  Report  106 

Report  of  the  Executive  Committee 110 

Members  and  Delegates  Registered  at  Meeting 114 

Annual  Dinner 128 

List  of  Presidents  129 

Secretaries 130 

Treasurers    130 

Executive   Committee 131 

Places  of  Meeting  and  Attendance 133 

Constitution    134 

By-Laws  140 

Officers  of  Association,  Sections,  etc 146 

General  Council  148 

Vice-Presidents  and  Members  of  Local  Councils 149 

Standing  Committees   156 

Special  Committees  159 

Address  of  President  Severance 163 

Address  of  Lucien  Shaw   .' 189 

Addreffl  of  F.  Dumont  Smith 208 

Address  of  Lord  Shaw  219 

Address  of  M.  Henry  Aubepin 244 

Address  of  William  Howard  Taf t 250 

Address  of  Calvin  Coolidge  270 

Address  of  Nicholas  Murray  Butler 278 

Committee  Reports: 

Professional  Ethics  and  Grievances 285 

Commerce,  Trade  and  Commercial  Law 288 

International  Law 323 

Lisurance  Law  353 

Jurisprudence  and  Law  Reform 356 

Admiralty  and  Maritime  Law 367 

Uniform  Judicial  Procedure  370 

Membership    389 

Classification  and  Restatement  of  the  Law 391 

Publicity    394 

Memorials   395 

Legal  Aid  Work 402 

Law  of  Aeronautics  413 

American  Citizenship 416 

(3) 


4  CONTENTS. 

Committee  Reports — Continued  page 

Law  Enforcement  424 

Internal  Revenue  Law  and  Its  Means  of  Collection 433 

Finance  436 

List  of  State  Bar  Associations 437 

Some  of  the  Larger  Local  Bar  Associations 439 

Memorandum  of  Subjects  Referred  to  Committees 441 

List  of  Addresses  and  Papers  Read 442 

Proceedings  of  the  Comparative  Law  Bureau  451 

Proceedings  of  the  Judicial  Section  457 

Address  of  Curtis  D.  Wilbur  450 

Address  of  N.  P.  Conrey 472 

List  of  Judges  Registered 480 

Conference  of  Bar  Association  Delegates: 

Proceedings  of  the  Special  Conference  on  Legal  Education....  482 

Proceedings  of  Seventh  Annual  Conference 502 

RepresentativeB  of  Bar  Associations  Registered 600 

Proceedings  of  the  Section  of  Patent,  Trade-Mark  and  Copyright 

Law   605 

Proceedings  of  the  Section  of  Criminal  Law 607 

Address  of  A.  M.  Kidd 614 

Address  of  John  A-  Larsen  619 

Address  of  Herman  M.  Adler  629 

Proceedings  of  the  Section  of  Public  Utility  Law 634 

Address  of  Nathaniel  T.  Guernsey 637 

Address  of  Edwin   0.   Edgerton 652 

Address  of  Hugh  Gordon 661 

Address  of  Franklin  T.  Griffith 675 

Proceedings  of  Section  of  Legal  Education  and  Admissions  to  the 

Bar    689 

Commissioners  on  Uniform  State  Laws: 

Origin,  Nature  and  Scope 691 

Officers  of  the  Conference 695 

Standing  and  Special  Committees 695 

List  of  Commissioners 700 

Proceedings  of  Conference  705 

Address  of  President — Henry  Stockbridge 717 

Honorary  Members  722 

Alphabetical  List  of  Members  723 

State  List  of  Members  by  Cities,  Towns  and  Counties 882 

Recapitidation    1014 

Notice  as  to  Reports 1015 

Index  1017 


AMEBICAN  BAR  ASSOCIATION. 

(Organized  at  Saratoga  Springs,  New  York,  Augtut  SI,  1878,) 

"  Its  object  shall  be  to  advance  the  science  of  jurisprudence, 
promote  the  administration  of  justice  and  unifonnity  of  legisla- 
tion and  of  judicial  decision  throughout  the  nation,  uphold  the 
honor  of  the  profession  of  the  law,  and  encourage  cordial  inter- 
course among  the  members  of  the  American  Bar/'  (Constitu- 
tion, Article  I.) 


(6) 


"There  is  certainly,  without  any  exception,  no  profession  in  which 
so  many  temptations  beset  the  path  to  swerve  from  the  line  of  strict 
integrity,  in  which  so  many  delicate  and  difficult  questions  of  duty 
are  continually  arising.  Tliere  are  pitfalls  and  mantraps  at  every 
step,  and  the  mere  youth,  at  the  very  outset  of  his  career,  needs  often 
the  prudence  and  self-denial  as  well  as  the  moral  courage,  which 
belong  commonly  to  riper  years.  High  moral  principle  is  the  only 
safe  guide,  the  only  torch  to  light  his  way  amidst  darkness  and 
obstruction."— GEORGE  SHARSWOOD. 

"Craft  is  the  vice,  not  the  spirit,  of  the  profession.  Trick  is  pro- 
fessional prostitution.  Falsehood,  is  professional  apostasy.  The 
strength  of  a  lawyer  is  in  thorough  knowledge  of  legal  truth,  in 
thorough  devotion  to  legal  right.  Truth  and  integrity  can  do  more  in 
the  profession  than  the  subtlest  and  wiliest  devices.  The  power  of 
integrity  is  the  rule;  the  power  of  fraud  is  the  exception.  Emulation 
and  zeal  lead  lawyers  astray;  but  the  general  law  of  the  profession  is 
duty,  not  success.  In  it,  as  elsewhere,  in  human  life,  the  judgment  of 
success  is  but  the  verdict  of  little  minds.  Professional  duty,  faith- 
fully and  well  performed,  is  the  lawyer's  glory.  This  is  equally  true 
of  the  Bench  and  of  the  Bar."— EDWARD  G.  RYAN. 

"Discourage  litigation.  Persuade  your  neighbors  to  compromise 
whenever  you  can.  Point  out  to  them  how  the  nominal  winner  is 
often  a  real  loser — in  fees,  expenses  and  waste  of  time.  As  a  peace- 
maker, the  lawyer  has  a  superior  opportunity  of  being  a  good  man. 
Never  stir  up  litigation.  A  worse  man  can  scarcely  be  found  than 
one  who  does  this.  Who  can  be  more  nearly  a  fiend  than  he  who 
habitually  overhauls  the  register  of  deeds  in  search  of  defects  in  titles 
whereupon  to  stir  up  strife  and  put  money  in  his  pocket?  A  moral 
tone  ought  to  be  enforced  in  the  profession  which  would  drive  such 
men  out  of  it."— ABRAHAM  LINCOLN. 


(6) 


CANONS  OF  ETHICS. 

I        '  •*  - 

Pbsa3i:bl& 

*»  w 

O      * 

In  America^  where  the  stability  of  courts  aad  of  all  depart- 
ments of  gOYernment  rests  upon  the  approval  of  the  people,  it 
is  peculiarly  essential  that  the  system  for  establishing  an$  dis- 
pensing justice  be  developed  to  a  high  point  of  efficiency  and 
so  maintained  that  the  public  shall  have  absolute  confidence  i4 
the  integrity  and  impartiality  of  its  administration*  The  future 
of  the  republic,  to  a  great  extent,  depends  upon  our  maintenance 
of  justice  pure  aad  unsullied.  It  cannot  be  so  maintained  unless 
the  conduct  and  the  motives  of  the  members  of  our  profession 
are  such  bs  to  merit  the  approval  of  all  just  men. 

II. 

Thb  Canon  op  Ethics.* 

Ko  code  or  set  of  rules  can  be  framed  which  will  particularize 
all  the  duties  of  the  lawyer  in  the  varying  phases  of  litigation  or 
in  all  the  relations  of  professional  life.  The  following  canons 
of  ethics  are  adopted  by  the  Americaa  Bar  Association  as  a 
general  guide,  yet  the-  enumeration  of  particular  duties  should 
not  be  construed  as  a  denial  of  the  existence  of  others  equally 
imperative,  though  not  specifically  mentioned : 

1.  The  Duty  of  the  Lawyer  to  the  Courts. — It  is  the  duty  of  the 
lawyer  to  maintain  toward  the  Courts  a  respectful  attitude,  not  for 
the  sake  of  the  temporary  incumbent  of  the  judicial  office,  but  for 
the  maintenance  of  its  supreme  importance.  Judges,  not  being  wholly 
free  to  defend  themselves,  are  peculiarly  entitled. to  receive  the  support 
of  the  Bar  against  imjust  criticism  and  clamor.  Whenever  there  is 
proper  ground  for  serious  complaint  of  a  judicial  officer,  it  is  the  right 
and  duty  of  the  lawyer  to  submit  his  grievances  to  the  proper  authori- 
ties. In  such  cases,  but  not  otherwise,  such  charges  should  be  encour- 
aged and  the  person  making  them  should  be  protected. 

2.  The  Selection  of  Judges. — ^It  is  the  duty  of  the  Bar  to  endeavor 
to  prevent  political  considerations  from  outweighing  judicial  fitness 
in  the  selection  of  Judges.    It  should  protest  earnestly  and  actively 


*  For  index  and  Synopsis  of  Canons,  see  p.  17. 

(7) 


8  AHEBIOAK  BAB  ASSOCIATION. 

•     .    • 

against  the  appointment  or*  election  of  those  who  are  unsuitable  for 
the  Bench ;  and  it  should  .strive  to  have  elevated  thereto  only  those 
willing  to  forego  otb^.  ^ffi^lojrments,  whether  of  a  business,  political 
or  other  character^*  w^ch  may  embarrass  their  free  and  fair  considera- 
tion of  questioi^ -before  them  for  decision.  The  aspiration  of  lawyers 
for  judicial  p<3^ik)n  should  be  governed  by  an  impartial  estimate  of 
their  ability  to.  add  honor  to  the  office  and  not  by  a  desire  for  the  dis- 
tinction  the  position  may  bring  to  themselves. 

3.  iytteaipts  to  Exert  Personal  Influenee  on  the  Court.— -Marked 

attention  and  unusual  hospitality  on  the  part  of  a  lawyer  to  a  Judge, 

.  .uncalled  for  by  the  personal  relations  of  the  parties,  subjected  both  the 

Jddge  and  the  lawyer  to  misconstructions  of  motive  and  should  be 

\  Avoided.    A  lawyer  should  not  communicate  or  argue  privately  with 

'   the  Judge  as  to  the  merits  of  a  pending  cause,  and  he  deserves  rebuke 

and  denunciation  for  any  device  or  attempt  to  gain  from  a  Judge  special 

personal  consideration  or  favor.     A  self-respecting   independence  in 

the  discharge  of  professional  duty,  without  denial  or  diminution  of 

the  courtesy  and  respect  due  the  Judge's  station,  is  the  only  proper 

foundation  for  cordial  personal  and  official  relations  between  Bench  and 

Bar. 

4.  When  Counsel  for  an  Indigent  Prisoner. — ^A  lawyer  assigned 
as  counsel  for  an  indigent  prisoner  ought  not  to  ask  to  be  excused 
for  any  trivial  reason,  and  should  always  exert  his  best  efforts  in  his 
behalf. 

5.  The  Defense  or  Prosecution  of  Those  Aecused  of  Crime.— It 
is  the  right  of  the  lawyer  to  undertake  the  defense  of  a  person  accused 
of  crime,  regardless  of  his  personal  opinion  as  to  the  guilt  of  the 
accused;  otherwise  innocent  persons,  victims  only  of  suspicious  cir- 
cimistances,  might  be  denied  proper  defense.  Having  undertaken  such 
defense,  the  lawyer  is  bound  by  all  fair  and  honorable  means,  to  pre- 
sent every  defense  that  the  law  of  the  land  permits,  to  the  end  that  no 
person  may  be  deprived  of  life  or  liberty,  but  by  due  process  of  law. 

The  primary  duty  of  a  lawyer  engaged  in  public  prosecution  is  not 
to  convict,  but  to  see  that  justice  is  done.  The  suppression  of  facts  or 
the  secreting  of  witnesses  capable  of  establishing  the  innocence  of  the 
accused  is  highly  reprehensible. 

6.  Adverse  Influences  and  Conflicting  Interests. — It  is  the  duty  of 
a  lawyer  at  the  time  of  retainer  to  disclose  to  the  client  all  the  circum- 
stances of  his  relations  to  the  parties,  and  any  interest  in  or  connection 
with  the  controversy,  which  might  influence  the  client  in  the  selection 
of  counsel. 

It  is  unprofessional  to  'represent  conflicting  interests,  except  by  ex- 
press consent  of  all  concerned  given  after  a  full  disclosure  of  the  facts. 
Within  the  meaning  of  this  canon,  a  lawyer  represents  conflicting  inter- 
ests when,  in  behalf  of  one  client,  it  is  his  duty  to  contend  for  that  which 
duty  to  another  client  requires  him  to  oppose. 


0AN0N8  OV  BTHIOS.  9 

The  obligation  to  represent  the  dient  with  undivided  fidelity  and 
not  to  divulge  his  secrets  or  confidences  forbids  also  the  subsequent 
acceptance  of  retainers  or  employment  from  others  in  matters  ad* 
versely  affecting  any  interests  of  the  client  with  respect  to  which 
confidence  has  been  reported. 

7.  Professional  Colleagves  and  Conflicts  of  Opinion.— -A  client's 
proffer  of  assistance  of  additional  coimsel  should  not  be  regarded 
as  evidence  of  want  of  confidence,  but  the  matter  should  be  left  to 
the  determination  of  the  client.  A  lawyer  should  decline  associa- 
tion as  colleague  if  it  is  objectionable  to  the  original  counsel,  but 
if  the  lawyer  first  retained  is  relieved,  another  may  come  into  the 
case. 

When  lawyers  jointly  associated  in  a  cause  cannot  agree  as  to  any 
matter  vital  to  the  interest  of  the  client,  the  conflict  of  opinion  should 
be  frankly  stated  to  him  for  his  final  determination.  His  decision 
should  be  accepted  unless  the  nature  of  the  difference  makes  it  im- 
practicable for  the  lawyer  whose  judgment  has  been  overruled  to  co- 
operate effectively.  In  this  event  it  is  his  duty  to  ask  the  client  to 
relieve  him. 

Efforts,  direct  or  indirect,  in  any  way  to  encroach  upon  the  business 
of  another  lawyer,  are  unworthy  of  those  who  should  be  brethren  at 
the  Bar;  but  nevertheless,  it  is  the  right  of  any  lawyer,  without  fear 
or  favor,  to  give  proper  advice  to  those  seeking  relief  against  unfaithful 
or  neglectful  counsel,  generally  after  communication  with  the  lawyer 
of  whom  the  complaint  is  made. 

8.  Advising  upon  the  Merits  of  a  Client's  Cause. — A  lawyer  should 
endeavor  to  obtain  full  knowledge  of  his  client's  cause  before  advising 
thereon,  and  he  is  bound  to  give  a  candid  opinion  of  the  merits  and 
probable  result  of  pending  or  contemplated  litigation.  The  miscarri- 
ages to  which  justice  is  subject,  by  reason  of  surprises  and  disappoint- 
ments in  evidence  and  witnesses,  and  through  mistakes  of  juries  and 
errors  of  Courts,  even  though  only  occasional,  admonish  lawyers  to 
beware  of  bold  and  confident  assurances  to  clients,  especially  where  the 
employment  may  depend  upon  such  assurance.  Whenever  the  contro- 
versy will  admit  of  fair  adjustment,  the  client  should  be  advised  to 
avoid  or  to  end  the  litigation. 

9.  Negotiations  with  Opposite  Party.— A  lawyer  should  not  in  any 
way  communicate  upon  the  subject  of  controversy  with  a  party  repre- 
sented by  counsel;  much  less  should  he  undertake  to  negotiate  or 
compromise  the  matter  with  him,  but  should  deal  only  with  his  counsel. 
It  is  incumbent  upon  the  lawyer  most  particularly  to  avoid  everything 
that  may  tend  to  mislead  a  party  not  represented  by  coimsel,  and  he 
should  not  undertake  to  advise  him  as  to  the  law. 

10.  Acquiring  Interest  in  Litigation. — ^The  lawyer  should  not  pur- 
chase any  interest  in  the  subject  matter  of  the  litigation  which  he  is 
conducting. 


10  AMEBIOAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 

11.  Dealing  with  Tmst  Property. — Money  of  the  client  or  other 
trust  property  coming  into  the  posseBsion  of  the  lawyer  should  be  re- 
ported promptly,  and  except  with  the  client's  knowledge  and  consent 
should  not  be  commingled  with  his  private  property  or  be  used  by  him. 

12.  Fixing  the  Amount  of  the  Fee. — ^In  fixing  fees,  lawyers  should 
avoid  charges  which  overestimate  their  advice  and  services,  as  well 
as  those  which  undervalue  them.  A  client's  ability  to  pay  cannot  justify 
a  charge  in  excess  of  the  value  of  the  service,  though  his  poverty  may 
require  a  less  charge,  or  even  none  at  all.  The  reasonable  requests  of 
brother  lawyers,  and  of  their  widows  and  orphans  without  ample  means, 
should  receive  special  and  kindly  consideration. 

In  determining  the  amoimt  of  the  fee,  it  is  proper  to  consider:  (1) 
the  time  and  labor  required,  the  novelty  and  difficulty  of  the  questions 
involved  and  the  skill  requisite  properly  to  conduct  the  cause;  (2) 
whether  the  acceptance  of  emplo3rment  in  the  particular  case  will  pre- 
clude the  lawyer's  appearance  for  others  in  cases  likely  to  arise  out  of 
the  transaction,  and  in  which  there  is  a  reasonable  expectation  that 
otherwise  he  would  be  employed,  or  will  involve  the  loss  of  other  busi- 
ness while  employed  in  the  particular  case  or  antagonisms  with  other 
clients;  (3)  the  customary  charges  of  the  Bar  for  similar  services;  (4) 
the  amount  involved  in  the  controversy  and  the  benefits  resulting  to 
the  client  from  the  services;  (6)  the  contingency  or  the  certainty  of 
the  compensation;  and  (6)  the  character  of  the  emplosrment,  whether 
casual  or  for  an  established  and  constant  client.  No  one  of  these  con- 
siderations in  itself  is  controlling.  They  are  mere  guides  in  ascertaining 
the  real  value  of  the  service. 

In  fixing  fees  it  should  never  be  forgotten  that  the  profession  is  a 
branch  of  the  Etdmimstration  of  justice  and  not  a  mere  money-getting 
trade. 

13.  Contingent  Fees. — Contingent  fees,  where  sanctioned  by  law, 
should  be  under  the  supervision  of  the  Court,  in  order  that  clients  may 
be  protected  from  unjust  charges. 

14.  Suing  a  Client  for  a  Fee. — Controversies  with  clients  concern- 
ing compensation  are  to  be  avoided  by  the  lawyer  so  far  as  shall  be 
compatible  with  his  self-respect  and  with  his  right  to  receive  reasonable 
recompense  for  his  services ;  and  lawsuits  with  clients  should  be  resorted 
to  only  to  prevent  injustice,  imposition  or  fraud. 

15.  How  Far  a  Lawyer  May  Go  in  Supporting  a  Client's  Cause. — 
Nothing  operates  more  certainly  to  create  or  to  foster  popular  preju- 
dice against  lawyers  as  a  class,  and  to  deprive  the  profession  of  that 
full  measure  of  public  esteem  and  confidence  which  belongs  to  the 
proper  discharge  of  its  duties,  than  does  the  false  claim,  often  set  up  by 
the  unscrupulous  in  defense  of  questionable  transactions,  that  it  is  the 
duty  of  the  lawyer  to  do  whatever  may  enable  him  to  succeed  in  winning 
his  client's  cause. 

It  is  improper  for  a  lawyer  to  assert  in  argument  his  presonal  belief 
in  his  client's  innocence  or  in  the  justice  of  his  cause* 


0ANON8  07  BTHIOS.  11 


y 


The  lawyer  owes  "  entire  devotion  to  the  interest  of  the  client,  warm 
Beal  in  the  maintenance  and  defense  of  his  rights  and  the  exertion  of 
his  utmost  learning  and  ability/'  to  the  end  that  nothing  be  taken  or  be 
withheld  from  him,  save  by  the  rules  of  law,  legally  applied.  No  fear 
of  judicial  disfavor  or  public  unpopulari^  should  restrain  him  from 
the  full  discharge  of  his  duty.  In  the  judicial  forum  ihe  client  is  en- 
titled to  the  benefit  of  any  and  every  remedy  and  defense  that  is 
authorized  by  the  law  of  the  land,  and  he  may  expect  his  lawyer  to 
assert  every  such  remedy  or  defense.  But  it  is  steadfastly  to  be  borne 
in  mind  that  the  great  trust  of  the  lawyer  is  to  be  performed  within 
and  not  without  the  bounds  of  the  law.  The  office  of  attorney  does  not 
permit,  much  less  does  it  demand  of  him  for  any  client,  violation  of  law 
or  any  manner  of  fraud  or  chicane.  He  must  obey  his  own  conscience 
and  not  that  of  his  client. 

16.  R«str«iiiiiig  Cli«iit«  from  Improprieties.-— A  lawyer  should  use 
his  best  efforts  to  restrain  and  to  prevent  his  clients  from  doing  those 
things  which  the  lawyer  himself  ought  not  to  do,  particular^  with 
reference  to  their  conduct  towards  Courts,  judicial  officers,  jurors,  wit- 
nesses and  suitors.  If  a  client  persists  in  such  wrong-doing  the  lawyer 
should  terminate'  their  relation. 

17.  Ill-Feeling  and  Personalities  Between  Advocates.— -Clients, 
not  lawyers,  are  the  litigants.  Whatever  may  be  the  ill-feeling  existing 
between  clients,  it  should  not  be  allowed  to  influence  coimsel  in  their 
conduct  and  demeanor  toward  each  other  or  toward  suitors  in  the  case. 
All  personalities  between  counsel  should  be  scrupulously  avoided.  In 
the  trial  of  a  cause  it  is  indecent  to  allude  to  the  personal  history  or 
the  personal  peculiarities  and  idio89rncrasi£S  of  counsel  on  the  other 
side.  Personal  colloquies  between  counsel  which  cause  delay  and  pro- 
mote unseemly  wrangling  should  also  be  carefully  avoided. 

18.  Treatment  of  Witnesses  and  Litigants. — ^A  lawyer  should  al- 
ways treat  adverse  witnesses  and  suitors  with  fairness  and  due  con- 
sideration, and  he  should  never  minister  to  the  malevolence  or  preju- 
dices of  a  client  in  the  trial  or  conduct  of  a  cause.  The  client  cannot 
be  made  the  keeper  of  the  lawyer's  conscience  in  professional  matters. 
He  has  no  right  to  demand  that  hb  counsel  shall  abuse  the  opposite 
party  or  indulge  in  offensive  personalities.  Improper  speech  is  not 
excusable  on  the  groimd  that  it  is  what  the  client  would  say  if  speaking 
in  his  own  behalf. 

19.  Appearance  of  Lawyer  as  Witness  for  His  Client. — ^When  a 
lawyer  is  witness  for  his  client,  except  as  to  merely  formal  matters,  such 
as  the  attestation  or  custody  of  an  instrument  and  the  like,  he  should 
leave  the  trial  of  the  case  to  other  counsel.  Except  when  essential  to 
the  ends  of  justice,  a  lawyer  should  avoid  testifying  in  Court  in  behalf 
of  his  client. 

20.  Newspaper  Discussion  of  Pending  Litigation.— Newspaper 
publications  by  a  lawyer  as  to  pending  or  fiQticipated  litigation  ma^ 


IZ  AMEBICAN  BAB  ASSOCIATION. 

interfere  with  a  fair  trial  in  the  Courts  and  otherwise  prejudice  the  due 
administration  of  justice  Generally  th^  are  to  be  condemned.  If  the 
extreme  circumstances  of  a  particular  case  justify  a  statement  to  the 
public,  it  is  improfessional  to  make  it  anon3rmously.  An  ex  parte 
reference  to  the  facts  should  not  go  beyond  quotation  from  the  records 
and  papers  on  file  in  the  Court;  but  even  in  extreme  cases  it  is  better 
to  avoid  any  ex  parte  statement. 

21.  Punetuality  and  Expedition. — It  is  the  duty  of  the  lawyer  not 
only  to  his  client,  but  also  to  the  courts  and  to  the  public,  to  be  punctual 
in  attendance,  and  to  be  concise  and  direct  in  the  trial  and  disposition 
of  causes. 

22.  Candor  and  Fairness. — ^The  conduct  of  the  lawyer  before  the 
Court  and  with  other  lawyers  should  be  characterized  by  candor  and 
faimeas. 

It  is  not  candid  or  fair  for  the  lawyer  knowingly  to  misquote  the 
contents  of  a  paper,  the  testimony  of  a  witness,  the  language  or  the 
argument  of  opposing  counsel,  or  the  language  of  a  decision  or  a  text- 
book ;  or  with  knowledge  of  its  invalidity,  to  cite  as  authority  a  decision 
that  has  been  overruled,  or  a  statute  that  has  been  repealed ;  or  in  argu- 
ment to  assert  as  a  fact  that  which  has  not  been  proved,  or  in  those 
jurisdictions  where  a  side  has  the  opening  and  closing  arguments  to 
mislead  his  opponent  by  conceaHng  or  withholding  positions  in  his 
opening  argument  upon  which  his  side  then  intends  to  rely. 

It  is  unprofessional  and  dishonorable  to  deal  other  than  candidly  with 
the  facts  in  taking  the  statements  of  witnesses,  in  drawing  affidavits 
and  other  documents,  and  in  the  presentation  of  causes. 

A  lawyer  should  not  offer  evidence,  whith  he  knows  the  Court  should 
reject,  in  order  to  get  the  same  before  the  jury  by  argument  for  its 
admissibility,  nor  should  he  address  to  the  Judge  arguments  upon  any 
point  not  properly  calling  for  determination  by  him.  Neither  should 
he  introduce  into  an  argiimctit,  addressed  to  the  Court,  remarks  or 
statements  intended  to  influence  the  jury  or  bystanders. 

These  and  all  kindred  practices  are  unprofessional  and  unworthy  of  an 
officer  of  the  law  charged,  as  is  the  lawyer,  ^ith  the  duty  of  aiding  in  the 
administration  of  justice. 

23.  Attitude  Toward  Jury. — All  attempts  to  curry  favor  with  juries 
by  fawning,  flattery  or  pretended  solicitude  for  their  personal  comfort 
are  unprofessional.  Suggestions  of  counsel,  looking  to  the  comfort  or 
convenience  of  jurors,  and  propositions  to  dispense  with  argument, 
should  be  made  to  the  Court  out  of  the  jury's  hearing.  A  lawyer  must 
never  converse  privately  with  jurors  about  the  case;  and  both  before 
and  during  the  trial  he  should  avoid  communicating  with  them,  even  as 
to  matters  foreign  to  the  cause. 

24.  Right  of  Lawyer  to  Control  the  Incidents  of  the  Trial. — ^As  to 
incidental  matters  pending  the  trial,  not  affeeting  the  merits  of  the 
cause,  or  working  substantial  prejudice  to  tbo  rights  of  the  client, 


0ANON8  07  BTHIOS.  13 

sach.  as  forcing  the  opposite  lawyer  to  trial  when  he  is  under  affliotion 
or  bereavement;  forcing  the  trial  on  a  particular  day  to  the  injury  of 
the  opposite  lawyer  when  no  harm  will  result  from  a  trial  at  a  different 
time;  agreeing  to  an  extension  of  time  for  signing  a  bill  of  exceptions, 
erosB  interrogatories  and  the  like,  the  lawyer  must  be  allowed  to  judge. 
In  such  matters  no  client  has  a  right  to  demand  that  his  counsel  shall  be 
illiberal,  or  that  he  do  anything  therein  repugnant  to  his  own  sense  of 
honor  and  property. 

25.  Taking  Technical  Advantage  of  Opposite  Coansoli  Agree* 
ments  with  Him. — ^A  lawyer  should  not  ignore  known  customs  or 
practice  of  the  Bar  or  of  a  particular  Court,  even  when  the  law  permits, 
without  giving  timely  notice  of  the  opposing  counsel.  As  far  as  pos- 
sible, important  agreanents,  affecting  the  rights  of  dients,  ^ould  be 
reduced  to  writing;  but  it  is  dishonorable  to  avoid  performance  of  an 
agreement  fairly  made  because  it  is  not  reduced  to  writing,  as  required 
by  rules  of  Court. 

26.  Professional  Advocacy  Other  Than  Before  Courts. — ^A  lawyer 
openly,  and  in  his  true  character  may  render  professional  services 
before  legislative  or  other  bodies,  regarding  proposed  legislation  and 
in  advocacy  of  claims  before  departments  of  government,  upon  the 
same  principles  of  ethics  which  justify  his  appearance  before  the  Courts; 
but  it  is  improfessional  for  a  lawyer  so  engaged  to  conceal  his  attorney- 
ship, or  to  employ  secret  personal  soficitations,  or  to  use  means  other 
than  those  addressed  to  the  reason  and  understanding  to  influence  action. 

27.  Advertising,  Direct  or  Indirect.— The  most  worthy  and  effec- 
tive advertisement  possible,  ev&i  for  a  young  lawyer,  and  especially  with 

*his  brother  lawyers,  is  the  establishment  of  a  well-merited  reputation 
for  professional  capacity  and  fidelity  to  trust.  This  cannot  be  forced, 
but  must  be  the  outcome  of  character  and  conduct.  The  publication 
or  circulation  of  ordinary  simple  business  cards,  being  a  mi^ttrr  of 
personal  taste  or  local  custom,  and  sometimes  of  coiArenience,  is  not 
per  86  improper.  But  solicitation  of  business  by  circulars  or  advertise- 
ments, or  by  personal  communications  or  interviews,  not  warranted  by 
personal  relations,  is  improfesaional.  It  is  equally  unprofessional  to 
procure  business  by  indirection  through  touters  of  any  kind,  whether 
aUied  real  estate  firms  or  trust  companies  advertising  to  secure  the 
drawing  of  deeds  or  wills  or  offering  retainers  in  exchange  for  executor- 
ships or  trusteeships  to  be  influenced  by  the  lawyer.  Indirect  advertise- 
ment for  business  by  furnishing  or  inspiring  newspaper  comments 
concerning  causes  in  which  the  lawyer  has  been  or  is  engaged,  or  con- 
cerning the  manner  of  their  conduct,  the  magnitude  of  the  interests 
involved,  the  importance  of  the  lawyer's  positions,  and  all  other  like 
self-laudation,  defy  the  traditions  and  lower  the  tone  of  oiur  high  calling, 
and  are  intolerable. 


14  AMEBIOAK  BAB  AS800IATI0N. 

28.  Stirring  vp  LitigatioBt  Directly  or  Tkrougk  Ageiits.^It  IB 
unprof esaional  for  a  lawyer  to  volunteer  advice  to  bring  a  lawsuit,  except 
in  rare  cases  where  ties  of  blood,  relationship  or  trust  make  it  his  duty 
to  do  so.  Stirring  up  strife  and  litigation  is  not  only  unprofessional,  but 
it  is  indictable  at  common  law.  It  is  disreputable  to  hunt  up  defects  in 
titles  or  other  causes  of  action  and  inform  thereof  in  order  to  be  em- 
ployed to  bring  suit,  or  to  breed  litigation  by  seeking  out  those  with 
claims  for  personal  injuries  or  those  having  any  other  grounds  of  action 
in  order  to  secure  them  as  clients,  or  to  employ  agents  or  runners  for 
like  purposes,  or  to  pay  or  reward  directly  or  indirectly,  those  who  bring 
or  influence  the  bringing  of  such  cases  to  his  office,  or  to  remunerate 
policemen,  court  or  prison  officials,  physicians,  hospital  attacJUs  or 
others  who  may  succeed,  under  the  guise  of  giving  disinterested  friendly 
advice,  in  influencing  the  criminal,  the  sick  and  the  injured,  the  igno- 
rant or  others,  to  seek  his  professional  services.  A  duty  to  the  public 
and  to  the  profession  devolves  upon  every  member  of  the  Bar,  having 
knowledge  of  such  practices  upon  the  part  of  any  practitioner,  im- 
mediately to  inform  thereof  to  the  end  that  the  offender  may  be 
disbarred. 

29.  Upholding  the  Honor  of  the  Profession. — ^Lawyers  should  ex- 
pose without  fear  or  favor  before  the  proper  tribunals  corrupt  or  di»- 
honest  conduct  in  the  profession,  and  should  accept  without  hesitation 
employment  against  a  member  of  the  Bar  who  has  wronged  his  client. 
The  counsel  upon  the  trial  of  a  cause  in  which  perjiury  has  been  com- 
mitted owe  it  to  the  profession  and  to  the  public  to  bring  the  matter 
to  the  knowledge  of  the  prosecuting  authorities.  The  lawyer  should 
aid  in  guarding  the  Bar  against  the  admission  to  the  profession  of  candi- 
dates unfit  or  unqualified  because  deficient  in  either  moral  character 
or  education.  He  should  strive  at  all  times  to  uphold  the  honor  and 
to  maintain  the  dignity  of  the  profession  and  to  improve  not  only  the 
law  but  the  administration  of  justice. 

30.  Justifiable  and  Unjustifiable  Litigations. — ^The  lawyer  must 
dechne  to  conduct  a  civil  cause  or  to  make  a  defense  when  convinced 
that  it  is  intended  merely  to  harass  or  to  injure  the  opposite  party  or 
to  work  oppression  or  wrong.  But  otherwise  it  is  his  right,  and,  having 
accepted  retainer,  it  becomes  his  duty  to  insist  upon  the  judgment  of 
the  Court  as  to  the  legal  merits  of  his  client's  claim.  His  appearance  in 
Court  should  be  deemed  equivalent  to  an  assertion  on  his  honor  that  in 
his  opinion  his  client's  case  is  one  proper  for  judicial  determination. 

31.  Responsibility  for  Litigation. — ^No  lawyer  is  obliged  to  act 
dther  as  adviser  or  advocate  for  every  person  who  may  wish  to  become 
his  client.  He  has  the  right  to  decline  employment.  Every  lawyer 
upon  his  own  responsibility  must  decide  what  business  he  will  accept 
as  counsel,  what  causes  he  will  bring  into  Court  for  plaintiffs,  what 


GAK0N8  09  STHIC6.  16 

eajses  he  will  contest  in  Court  for  defendants.  The  responaibility  for 
advising  questionable  transactions,  for  bringing  questionable  suits,  for 
urging  questionable  defenses,  is  the  lawyer's  responsibility.  He  cannot 
escape  it  by  urging  as  an  excuse  that  he  is  only  following  his  client's 
instructions. 

32.  The  Law3r«r's  Dat^  in  Its  Last  Analysis. — No  client,  corporate 
or  individual,  however  powerful,  nor  any  cause,  civil  or  political,  however 
important,  is  entitled  to  receive,  nor  should  any  lawyer  render  any 
service  or  advice  involving  disloyalty  to  the  law  whose  ministers  we  are, 
or  disrespect  of  the  judicial  office,  which  we  are  bound  to  uphold,  or 
corruption  of  any  person  or  persons  exercising  a  public  office  or  private 
trust,  or  deception  or  betrayal  of  the  public.  When  rendering  any  such 
improper  service  or  advice,  the  lawyer  invites  and  merits  stem  and  just 
condemnation.  Correspondingly,  he  advances  the  honor  of  his  profes- 
sion and  the  best  interests  of  his  client  when  he  renders  service  or 
gives  advice  tending  to  impress  upon  the  client  and  lus  undertaking 
exact  compliance  with  the  strictest  principles  of  moral  law.  He  must 
also  observe  and  advise  his  client  to  observe  the  statute  law,  though 
until  a  statute  shall  have  been  construed  and  interpreted  by  compe- 
tent adjudication,  he  is  free  and  is  entitled  to  advise  as  to  its  validity 
and  as  to  what  he  conscientiously  believes  to  be  its  just  meaning 
and  extent.  But  above  all  a  lawyer  will  find  his  highest  honor  in 
a  deserved  reputation  for  fidelity  to  private  trust  and  to  public  duty, 
as  an  honest  mah  and  as  a  patriotic  and  loyal  citizen. 

III. 

Oath  of  Admission. 

The  general  principles  which  should  ever  control  the  lawyer 
in  the  practice  of  his  profession  are  clearly  set  forth  in  the  fol- 
lowing Oath  of  Admission  to  the  Bar,  formulated  upon  that  in 
nse  in  the  State  of  Washington,  and  which  conforms  in  its  main 
outlines  to  the  " duties''  of  lawyers  as  defined  by  statutory 
enactments  in  that  and  many  other  states  of  the  union  * — duties 

*  Alabama,  Cahfomia,  Georgia,  Idaho,  Indiana,  Iowa,  Mirmesota, 
Mississippi,  Nebraska,  North  Dakota,  Oklahoma,  Oregon,  South  Dakota, 
Utah,  Washington  and  Wisconsin.  The  oaths  administered  on  admis- 
sion to  the  Bar  in  all  the  other  States  require  the  observance  of  the 
highest  moral  principle  in  the  practice  of  the  profession,  but  the  duties 
of  the  lawyer  are  not  as  specifically  defined  by  law  as  in  the  States 
named. 


16  AKEBJOAK  BAB  ASSOCIATION. 

which  they  are  sworn  on  admission  to  obey  and  for  the  wilful 
violation  of  which  disbarment  is  provided : 

/  DO  SOLEMNLY  SWEAR: 

I  vnU  support  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  and  the  Consti- 
tution of  the  State  of .* ; 

/  wiU  tnaintam  the  respect  due  to  Courts  of  Justice  and  judicial 
officers; 

I  ufill  not  counsel  or  maintain  any  suit  or  proceeding  which  shall  ap- 
pear to  me  to  be  unjust,  nor  any  defense  except  such  as  I  believe  to  be 
honestly  debatable  under  the  law  of  the  land; 

I  will  employ  for  the  purpose  of  maintaining  the  causes  confided  to 
me  siLch  means  only  as  are  consistent  with  truth  and  honor,  and  wHl 
never  seek  to  mislead  the  Judge  or  jury  by  any  artifice  or  false  state- 
ment of  fact  or  law; 

I  wHl  maintain  the  confidence  and  preserve  inviolate  the  secrets  of 
my  client,  and  will  accept  no  compensation  in  connection  with  his 
business  except  from  him  or  with  his  knowledge  and  approval; 

I  wiU  abstain  from  all  offensive  personality,  and  advance  no  fact  pre- 
judicial  to  the  honor  or  reputation  of  a  party  or  witness,  unless  required 
by  the  justice  of  the  cause  with  which  I. am  charged; 

I  will  never  reject  from  any  consideration  personal  to  myself  the  cause 
of  the  defenseless  or  oppressed,  or  delay  any  man's  cause  for  lucre  or 
malice.  SO  HELP  ME  OOD. 

We  commend  this  form  of  oath  for  adoption  by  the  proper 
authorities  in  all  the  states  and  territories. 

[NoTB.— The  foregoing  Canons  of  Professional  Ethics  were  adopted 
by  the  American  Bar  Association  at  its  thirty-first  annual  meeting  at 
Seattle,  Washington,  on  August  27,  1908. 

The  Canons  were  prepared  by  a  committee  composed  of 
Henry  St.  George  Tucker,  Virginia,  Chairman. 
Lucien  Hugh  Alexander,  Pennsylvania,  Secretary. 
David  J.  Brewer,  DiMrict  of  Columbia. 
Frederick  V.  Brown,  Minnesota. 
J.  M.  Dickinson,  Illinois. 
Franklin  Fernss,  Missouri. 
William  Wirt  Howe,  Louisiana. 
Thomas  H.  Hubbard,  New  York. 
James  G.  Jenkins,  Wisconsin. 
Thomas  Goode  Jones,  Alabama. 
Alton  B.  Parker,  New  York. 
George  R.  Peck,  Illinois. 
Francis  Ljrnde  Stetson,  New  York. 
Esra  R.  Thayer,  Massachusetts.] 


CANONS  OF  ETHICS.  "'     '  '^  17 

INDEX  AND  SYNOPSIS  OP  CANONS.       ^.    ;  | 

PREAMBLE,  pp.  ZA.  ^ 

THE  CANONS  OF  ETHICS,  pp.  4-13. 

1.  Thb  Duty  op  thb  Lawteb  to  the  Cottbts.    ((1,  2,  4;  iii,  iv,  vi.)* 

2.  Thb  Seudgtion  op  Judges.    (69.)* 

3.  Atiempts  to  Exebt  Pebsonal  Influence  on  the  Coubt.    (8, 

16.)* 

4.  When  Counsel  fob  an  Indigent  Pbiboneb.     (64;  xviii,  zzi, 

xxiii.)* 

5.  The  Defence  ob  Pbosbcution  of  Those  Accused  of  Cbime. 

(14;  XV.)* 

6.  Advebse  Influences  and  Conflicting  Intbbbsts.    (37,  28,  24, 

25;  viii.)* 

7.     FlIOFBSSIONAL   COLLEAGUES   AND   CONFLICTS  OF   OPINION.      (42,   49, 

60,  48;  vii,  xiv,  xvii.)* 

8.  Advising  upon  the  Mebits  of  a  Client's  Cause.    (38,  35;  xi, 

xix,  XX,  xxxi^  xxxii.    See  also  xxx.)* 

9.  Negotutions  with  Opposite  Pabtt.    (46,  47,  51 ;  xliii,  xliv.)* 

10.     AOQUIBING   InTEBEST  IN   LITIGATION,      (xxiv.)* 

11.  Dbaung  with  Tbusv  Pemh»ebtt.    (40;  xxv,  xxvi.)*    • 

12.  FixiNa  THE  Amount  of  the  Fee.    (54,  55,  56,  58;  xviii,  xxviii, 

xxxviii,  xlix.)* 

13.  Contingent  Fms.    (57;  xxiv.)* 

14.  Suing  a  Client  fob  a  FisE.    (53;  xxvii.    See  also  xxix.)* 

15.  How  fab  a  Lawteb  Mat  Go  in  Suppobtino  a  Client's  Cause. 

(11;  i,  X,  n^xii,  xiii,  xiv,  xl.)* 

16.  Restbaining  Clients  fbom  Impbopbdsties.     (44.)* 

17.  Ill  Fbeung  and  PfeBSONALmES  Between  Advocates.   (31^  32;  v.)* 

18.     TREATMENT  OF  WITNESSES  AND  LITIGANTS.     (59,  30;  ii,  XXV,  xlii.)* 

19.  Appeabancb  of  Lawteb  as  Witness  fob  E^s  Client.    (21,  22; 

XXXV,  xvi.)* 

20.  Newspapeb  Discussion  of  Pending  Litigation.    (19,  20.)* 

21.  PuNcruALiTT  AND  EXPEDITION.    (6,  36;  See  xxxvi.)* 

22.  Canon  ANif  Fairness.    (5;  xli.)* 

23.  Attitude  Toward  Jubt.    (60,  61,  17,  63;  xlvii.)* 

24.  Right  of  Lawteb  to  Contbol  the  Incidents  of  the  Tbial. 

(33;  X.)* 

25.  Taxing  Technical  Advantage  of  Opposite  Counsel;  Agbee- 

MBNTS  WITH  HiM.    (45,  43,  V,  ix.)* 

26.  Pbofessional  Advocact  Otheb  than  Befqbb  Courts.    (27.)* 

27.  Advertising,  Direct  ob  Indibect.    (18.)* 

28.  Stibbing  Up  Litioation,  Dibbgtlt  ob  Thbough  Agents.    (23.)* 

29.  Upholding  the  Honob  of  the  Profession.    (9,  65,  12;  xxxiii, 

xxxiv,  xxxvii,  xxxviii.)* 

30.  Justifiable  and  Unjustifiabi^  Litigations.    (15;  x,  xi,  xiv.)* 

31.  Responsibilitt  fob  Litigation.    (15;  x,  xi,  xiv.)* 

32.  The  Lawteb's  Dutt  in  its  Last  Analtsis.    (66;  xxi,  etc.)* 
OATH  OF  ADMISSION,  pp.  13-14. 

*The  Arabic  numerals  in  the  brackets  immediately  following  the 
QOioptic  titles  of  the  canons  are  cross-references  to  the  compilation  of 
canons  as  set  forth  in  Appendix  B  of  the  1907  report  of  the  Association's 
Committee  on  Canons  of  Ethics  (A.  B.  A.  Reports  XXXI,  681-684) ; 
the  Raman  numerals  are  cross-references  to  Hoffman's  Resolutions, 
reprinted  m  Appendix  U  of  the  committee's  1907  report  (id.  717-735). 


TRANSACTIONS 

OF  THE 

FORTY-FIFTH  ANNUAL  MEETING 

OF  THE 

American  Bar  Association 

HELD  AT 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CALIFORNIA 
August  9»  10  and  11,  1922 

The  Forty-Fifth  Annual  Meeting  of  the  American  Bar  Asso- 
ciation convened  at  San  Francisco,  California,  with  Gordenio  A. 
Severance,  President  of  the  Association,  in  the  Chair. 


FiBST  Session. 

WedMsday,  AiLgust  9, 1922, 10  A.  M. 

The  President : 

It  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  introduce  Governor  Stephens, 
of  California,  who  will  speak  a  few  words  of  welcome  to  the 
Association. 

William  D.  Stephens,  Governor  of  California: 
I  come  this  morning,  not  only  as  a  citizen  of  this  great  state, 
but  also  as  the  Governor  of  this  Commonwealth,  to  bid  you 
welcome  to  this  Golden  State,  this  land  of  sunshine,  this  country 
of  the  out-of-doors.  And,  in  a  few  words,  I  desire  to  express 
something  of  what  our  people  feel  on  this  day  as  regards  this 
great  meeting. 

In  the  very  early  days  of  California,  and  before  the  coming 
of  the  Americans  in  any  great  number,  and  when  the  Spanish 
language  and  custom^  prevailed,  the  measure  and  quality  of 

(19) 


20  AMERICAN  BAB  ASSOCIATION. 

welcome  and  hospitality  to  the  guests  was  contained  in  the 
greeting  '^  This  house  is  yours,  Senor/'  The  language  and  the 
customs  have  long  since  changed,  but  the  spirit  which  actuated 
that  sentiment  is  as  real  and  fervent  today  in  California  as  in 
those  historic  days. 

The  people  of  California  in  their  pride  of  citizenship  in  a 
state  which  contributes  so  much  to  human  enjoyment  and 
human  welfare  as  well  as  to  prosperity,  have  always  taken  a  keen 
delight  in  sharing  the  joys  and  attractions  of  this  fair  land  with 
others,  perhaps  not  so  fortunate.  Mindful  of  this,  I  very  greatly 
appreciate  the  privilege  which  has  been  afforded  me  today  of 
standing  before  this  distinguished  gathering  of  jurists  and 
lawyers  representing  the  American  Bar  Association,  and  on 
behalf  of  the  people  of  California  as  a  whole  and  the  citizens  of 
this  truly  Californian  city  of  San  Francisco  in  particular, 
extending  to  you  a  California  welcome,  as  warm  and  genial  as 
its  simshine,  as  enduring  as  its  snow-capped  mountains,  and  as 
comprehensive  as  the  length  and  breadth  of  its  boundaries. 

On  behalf  of  the  people  of  California  I  want  to  thank  you 
for  the  signal  honor  you  have  paid  us  in  coming  here  to  hold 
this,  your  forty-fifth  annual  meeting.  During  the  forty-four 
years  since  the  first  meeting  of  your  Association  in  Saratoga 
Springs  in  the  great  State  of  New  York,  not  only  has  the 
profession  of  which  you  are  honored  members  been  benefited, 
but  the  nation  at  large  has  profited  by  the  constructive  work 
and  forward-looking  policies  of  your  organization.  TTpon  the 
roster  of  your  membership  are  to  be  found  the  names  of  men 
who  by  their  strength  of  character,  their  ability  and  intellectual 
attainments,  have  brought  honor  and  distinction  to  the  country 
and  have  had  much  to  do  with  shaping  its  destiny. 

I  believe  I  am  safe  in  saying  that  the  development  of  Ameri- 
can law  in  California  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  and  romantic 
chapters  to  be  found  in  the  entire  juridical  history  of  this 
country.  To  the  pioneers  of  1849  is  largely  due  the  adoption 
of  the  principles  of  the  common  law  in  this  state.  Prior  to  that 
time  and  when  the  native  Califomians  and  Mexican  people  were 
in'  possession,  affairs  of  government  and  of  the  people  were  ad- 
ministered under  the  Mexican  law  then  in  force,  but  the  coming 
of  over  70,000  Americans  during  that  one  year  of  1849  resulted 


ADDBESS  OF  WBLCOKB.  ^1 

in  an  almost  immediate  change  in  the  system  of  law^  practice 
and  procedure.  Just  as  the  first  settlers  on  the  Atlantic  CoaAX 
brought  with  them  the  common  law  of  England  and  established 
it  in  the  uninhabited  portions  of  that  section  of  the  country, 
so  did  the  emigrants  from  the  oommon  law  states  east  of  the 
Bockies  bring  with  them  the  same  system  of  law  and  establish 
it  here  ill  a  country,  then  almost  equally  unpeopled.  Among 
those  pioneers  were  lawyers  whose  great  abiUI^  was  even  then 
recognized,  and  who  in  after  years  served  the  nation  with  great 
distinction  and  honor.  I  refer  to  such  men  as  Justice  Stephen  J. 
Field,  to  whom  the  State  of  GaUfomia  is  indebted  for  the  first 
Practice  Act  of  California^  now  known  as  the  Code  of  Civil 
Procedure;  who  also  wrote  the  Criminal  Practice  Act,  now  the 
Penal  Code;  whose  work  in  connection  with  the  other  members 
of  the  first  Supreme  Court  of  this  state  brought  recognition  of 
that  tribunal  as  being  second  to  no  other  state  tribunal  in  the 
country;  who,  as  Associate  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States,  covering  a  period  of  thirty-five  years,  added  so 
much  to  what  is  now  the  accepted  law  of  this  country  as  to 
entitle  him  to  the  distinction  of  having  been  one  of  the  greatest 
jurists  his  nation  has  ever  produced. 

California  also  has  contributed  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States  another  outstanding  figure  in  the  person  of 
Associate  Justice  Joseph  McKenna.  I  might  also  mention  in 
that  connection  such  leading  jurists  as  Judge  H.  A.  Hastings, 
the  first  Chief  Justice  of  the  state  and  the  founder  of  the  Hast- 
ings Law  School;  Judge  Peter  H.  Burnett,  Associate  Justice 
of  the  Supreme  Court,  and,  by  the  way,  the  first  Governor  of 
California  under  the  American  rule ;  Judge  Joseph  G.  Baldwin, 
Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court,  also  the  author  of  that 
delightful  work  "Flush  Times  id  Alabama  and  Mississippi"; 
Judge  Hugh  Murray,  one  of  the  most  remarkable  lawyers  who 
ever  sat  on  the  Bench,  who  died  at  the  age  of  31  years  after 
having  then  served  for  four  or  five  years  as  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court.  In  the  later  years,  the  lawyers  of  this  state 
remember  with  pride  such  great  lawyers  and  jurists  as  McKins- 
try,  Wallace,  Bhodes,  Sharpstein,  Boss  (now  Judge  of  the  United 
States  Circuit  Court  of  Appeals  for  the  Ninth  Circuit),  Thornton, 
Beatty,  and  many  other  men  of  equal  learning  and  distinction. 


22  AMERICAN   BAR  ASSOCIATION. 

I  have  referred  to  the  fact  that  upon  you  as  lawyers  and 
jurists  rests  primarily  the  duty  of  upholding  the  principles  of 
constitutional  law  given  us  by  the  fathers,  as  well  as  the  great 
body  of  law  based  upon  those  principles.  It  is  a  great  responsi- 
bility. I  do  not  hesitate  to  say  that  if  our  form  of  Government 
and,  indeed,  our  civilization  shall  survive,  it  is  absolutely  essen- 
tial  that  respect  for  the  law  be  insisted  upon.  At  no  period  in 
our  history  has  there  been  greater  need  for  obedience  to  law  and 
the  orderly  processes  of  the  law. 

To  such  .men  as  compose  the  membership  of  this  great  organi- 
zation, to  the  members  of  the  American  Bar,  to  the  men  who  by 
their  intellectual  attainments  occupy  the  front  rank  of  their 
profession,  and  whose  training  fits  them  to  formulate  and  inter- 
pret the  law,  must  this  nation  look  in  large  part  for  the  solution 
of  these  great  problems  which  are  now  before  us.  In  that  direc- 
tion lies  a  great  opportunity  for  you  to  bring  together  whatever 
discordant  and  opposing  elements  there  may  be  under  a  system 
of  legal  procedure  which  will  insure  justice,  as  well  as  protec- 
tion, to  all. 

In  conclusion,  I  again  beg  you  to  believe  that  the  arms  of  the 
people  of  California  are  open  wide  to  y6u  with  the  earnest 
hope  that  your  deliberations  here  may  result  in  the  greatest 
measure  of  good  to  the  entire  nation,  and  that  the  recreation 
which  will  be  afforded  you  by  the  hospitable  people  of  San 
Francisco,  may  leave  a  pleasing  and  abiding  memory  of  Cali- 
fornia in  years  to  come. 

The  President: 

I  now  have  the  pleasure  of  presenting  to  you  Maurice  B. 
Harrison,  of  the  San  Francisco  Bar,  who  will  extend  to  you  a 
few  words  of  greeting. 

Maurice  E.  Harrison,  of  San  Francisco,  Cal. : 

This  meeting  is  a  memorable  occasion  for  the  Bar  of  Cali- 
fornia. Although  our  situation  is  remote  from  the  great  western 
centers,  we  are  acquainted  with  the  high  purposes  and  the  sub- 
stantial achievements  of  this  Association  and  we  have  learned 
from  our  own  history  the  lesson  of  the  essential  unity  of  Ameri- 
can law  and  of  the  necessity  of  united  action  on  the  part  of 
American  lawyers.    The  legal  experience  of  this  state  has  been 


ADDBESS  OF   WELCOME.  23 

in  some  respects  unique.  Its  early  lawyers  came  from  all  parts 
of  the  nation — ^from  north  and  south  and  middle  west — ^and 
they  were  enabled  to  build  the  foundations  of  our  legal  structure 
by  their  common  fealty  to  a  common  system  of  law.  New 
England  gave  us  in  Stephen  J.  Field  the  greatest  of  our  pioneer 
judges,  while  the  South  gave  us,  in  Bandolph  and  McAllister 
and  Garber,  the  leaders  of  our  early  Bar.  Our  first  constitution 
waa  modelled  on  those  of  New  York  and  Iowa.  Our  property 
law  is  largely  founded  on  that  of  New  York  and  Texas.  Of 
these  different  American  elements  the  law  of  this  statue  has  been 
fashioned.  The  lawyers  who  came  to  Califomia  from  every 
eastern  state  after  the  American  conquest  found  a  native  popula- 
tion accustomed  to  the  rule  of  the  Civil  Law  under  Mexican 
occupation;  and  they  established  the  common  law  in  its  place. 
They  found  a  mining  population  all  too  ready  to  disregard  the 
orderly  processes  of  justice  in  favor  of  lynch  law  and  mob 
violence,  and  they  obtained  the  recognition  of  the  supremacy 
of  the  courts  after  repeated  struggles  with  the  impulses  of 
disorder  in  a  new  and  turbulent  community.  They  enriched 
the  jurisprudence  of  America  by  translating  into  actual  law 
the  customs  of  the  miners  with  regard  to  the  appropriation  of 
water.  Fifty  years  ago,  under  the  inspiration  of  David  Dudley 
Field,  a  former  President  of  this  Association,  they  dared  to 
make  the  experiment  of  systematizing  and  to  some  extent  modi- 
fying the  principles  of  the  American  common  law.  If  at  times 
4he  statute  law  of  this  state  may  have  seemed  to  be  radically 
experimental,  you,  th^  men  who  influence  the  law  of  other  states, 
have  had  at  least  the  benefit  of  our  experience.  The  public 
utility  and  workmen's  compensation  acts  of  the  western  states, 
novel  though  they  seemed  at  the  time  of  their  enactment,  are 
now  a  normal  element  in  American  legislation.  And  throughout 
our  state's  lifetime,  we  who  have  been  so  largely  governed  by 
federal  law,  both  in  our  seaports  on  the  coast  and  on  our  public 
lands  of  the  interior,  we  who  have  known  the  splendid  traditions 
of  our  own  federal  Bench,  have  never  lost  sight  of  our  brother- 
hood with  the  lawyers  of  other  states.  Around  the  Bay  of 
San  Francisco  are  three  prospering  law  schools  which  maintain 
the  standards  recommended  by  this  Association;  and  this  year 
we  shall  submit  to  the  referendum  of  the  voters  of  California 


24  AMERICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 

the  question  whether  the  standards  of  the  profession  shonld  be 
protected  by  prohibiting  the  unlawful  practice  of  the  law.  And 
if  at  this  time,  when  the  lofty  patriotism  of  wartime  may  seem 
to  the  casual  observer  to  have  been  quaffed  so  deeply  as  to  leave 
only  the  dregs  of  a  mean  bigotry  and  intolerance,  we  can  help  to 
repudiate  the  suggestion  that  American  ideals  of  justice  have 
failed  and  to  reassert  their  power  to  deal  with  the  needs  of  a  pe- 
riod of  reconstruction ;  if  we  can  help  you  to  justify  our  common 
conviction  that  the  lawTepresents  more  than  the  sanction  of  the 
sheriff  who  enforces  it,  and  more  than  the  influence  of  selfish 
interests  which  sometimes  twist  it  awry,  and  that  it  is  in  truth 
an  attempt  to  reach  the  goal  of  certain  and  even-handed  justice, 
our  service,  gentlemen,  is  at  your  command. 

The  President : 

Your  Excellency  and  Mr.  Harrison,  we  are  very  grateful, 
indeed,  for. your  gracious  welcome  to  California.  Many  of  us 
have  received  this  same  generous,  kind-hearted  welcome  to  this 
beautiful  state  many  times.  Some  of  us  are  here  for  the  first 
time.  But  those  who  come  to  California  this  year  in  their  initial 
trip  across  the  Continent,  knew  all  about  the  state  before  they 
came.  When  we  decided  to  bring  the  Association  out  here  this 
year,  we  knew  we  were  not  taking  any  risk,  so  far  as  hospitality 
was  concerned.  Our  only  fear  was  that  we  might  so  suffer 
from  over-hospitality  that  we  would  be  unable  to  attend  to 
our  legitimate  business. 

Seriously,  it  is  a  great  pleasure,  for  all  the  members  of  this 
Association  who  have  come  from  east  of  the  mountains  to  visit 
this  beautiful  state.  It  is  immaterial  whether  we  first  looked 
down  into  the  depths  of  the  blue  canyon,  or  dropped  over  the 
Cajon  Pass  into  the  smiling  valleys  with  the  golden  apples  and 
the  flowers  of  the  south — California  always  gives  a  thrill.  It  is 
different  from  any  other  state.  Tou  are  different  in  your  history. 
There  is  an  air  of  old  romance  that  hangs  about  this  state  that 
we  are  deprived  of  in  the  more  prosaic  regions  of  the  east.  You 
not  only  have  your  beautiful  scenery,  your  lovely  fruits  and 
flowers,  but  you  have  the  story  of  the  old  padres,  who  established 
their  missions  up  and  down  this  coast,  whose  names  and  whose 
religion  are  perpetuated  in  the  names  of  your  cities.    And  there 


BBADIKa  OF  LETTEBS.  26 

is  80  much  of  that  little  touch  of  the  old  life  etill  hanging  about 
California^  that  it  has  a  charm  which^  as  I  have  said^  we  are 
deprived  of  in  the  harsher  regions  of  the  east 

Beyond  that^  we  are  all  very  conscious,  as  was  said  by  the 
Governor,  that  the  old  greeting,  "  My  house  is  yours,*'  has  been 
kept  alive  under  the  American  occupation.  Your  hospitality  is 
unbounded;  your  climate,  your  scenery,  your  people  are  charm- 
ing, and  we  are  very  happy  to  be  here,  and  know  we  are  going 
to  be  very  happy  while  we  are  here. 

The  Secretary  then  read  a  telegram  from  the  President  of  the 
United  States. 

WnnB  HousB,  Washinoton,  D.  C. 
Hon.  Cordenio  A.  Sevenmce,  PreMenl,  American  Bar  Assooiaticn,  San 
Francisco,  Calijomia, 

It  alwajrs  ia  a  pleasure  to  place  on  record,  at  the  time  of  the  annual 
convention  of  the  American  Bar  Association,  an  expression  of  confi- 
dence in  its  aims  and  ends.  Its  long  career  of  active  participation  in 
taping  the  ethical  ideals  and  practical  policies  of  our  country  has  been 
uniformly  marked  by  a  safe  and  steady  progress  toward  the  realization 
of  that  high  destiny  which  is  our  finest  national  aspiration.  Its  counsels 
have  been  those  of  liberality  and  constructive  purpose,  restrained  and 
moderated  by  a  fitting  sense  of  responsibility  for  the  preservation  of 
all  that  is  good  and  useful  in  existing  institutions. 

There  never  was  a  time  when  our  country,  indeed  the  whole  world, 
stood  more  in  need  of  clear-visioned  comprehension  of  the  problems 
whi<^  confront  human  institutions. 

I  cannot  refrain  from  urging  upon  your  Association  the  importance  of 
considering  these  problems  in  the  light  of  the  broadest  perception  of 
their  hiunan  beanngs.  Those  who  would  highly  serve  their  fellows 
have  need  for  full  measure  of  intellectual  honesty,  together  with 
courage  to  dare  greatly.  To  whom  better  than  your  own  profession, 
learned  in  the  law,  understanding  its  unending  evolution,  should  the 
community  turn  for  guidance  and  help  in  trying  times. 

Warbbn  G.  Habding. 

The  Secretary  then  read  a  letter  from  the  Lord  Chancellor 

of  Great  Britain. 

HovsB  OF  LoBDS,  July  18,  1022. 
Cordenio  A.  Severance,  Esq^  President,  American  Bar  Association, 
Sm: 

Lord  Shaw  is  no  doubt  well  known  to  you  as  a  member  of  our  supreme 
tribunal,  sitting  both  as  a  Lord  of  Appeal  in  ordinary,  and  as  a  member 
of  the  judicial  Committee  of  the  Privy  Council.  Between  the  Ameri- 
can Bar  on  the  one  hand  and  the  English  and  Scottish  Bars  on  the 
other,  there  are  many  close,  intimate  bonds.  We  have  lately  had  the 
privilege  of  welcoming  here  in  England  your  great  and  genial  Chief 
Justice.  Now  we  send  Lord  Shaw  to  you,  with  a  full  confidence  that,  like 
Mr.  Taft,lie  will  draw  those  bonds  still  closer.  He  is,  indeed,  a  very  wise 
and  learned  Judge.  I  send  through  him  my  best  wishes  for  the  prosperity 


26  AMERICAN  BAR  ASSOOIATION. 

of  the  American  Bar  Association.  Mutual  knowledge  will  produce 
mutual  confidence,  and  such  visits  as  those  of  Mr.  Taft  and  Mr.  Beck  to 
England,  and  of  Lord  Shaw  to  the  American  Continent,  are  the  best 
means  whereby  we  can  learn  to  know  and  trust  each  other.  ^ 

Yours  faithfully, 

BmKENHBAD. 

I 

1 

The  Secretary  then  read  a  telegram  from  the  Attorney  Gen- 
eral of  the  United  States. 

Washikqton,  D.  C,  August  8,  1922. 
Hon,  C.  A,  Severance,  President  American  Bar  Association,  San  Fran- 
cisco, CaUforrua, 
I  sincerely  regret  my  inability  to  be  present  at  the  meeting  of  the 
American  Bar  Association.  The  pressure  of  pubhc  business  compels  my 
presence  here.  Kindly  accept  and  convey  to  the  officers  and  my  fellow 
members  of  the  American  Bar  Association  my  highest  respect  and  the 
deep  gratitude  I  feel  towards  the  members  for  their  support  of  the 
Department  of  Justice  in  its  efforts  to  maintain  resfpect  for  law,  to 
protect  life  and  property,  and  to  support  the  fundamental  principles 
of  government  so  sacred  to  the  liberty,  security,  peace  and  prosperity 
of  the  American  people. 

H.  M.  Daughebtt, 

AUomey   General, 

The  Secretary  then  made  several  annoimcements  relating  to 
certain  events  of  the  meeting. 

The  President: 

One  of  the  most  charming  events  of  our  stay  in  California  this 
week  will  be  a  visit  to  the  wonderful  grove  of  redwoods  of  the 
Bohemian  Club.  All  arrangements  for  that  excursion  are  in  the 
hands  of  Mr.  Prank  P.  Deering,  of  the  San  Francisco  Bar. 

Praak  P.  Deering,  of  San  Francisco,  then  made  an  announce- 
ment relating  to  the  excursion. 

The  President : 

The  next  order  of  business  is  the  report  of  the  Secretary. 

(The  Secretary's  report  was  stibmitted.    See  report,  page 
103.) 

The  President : 

As  the  report  of  the  Secretary  requires  no  action,  it  will  be 
ordered  placed  on  file. 

The  next  order  of  business  is  the  report  of  the  Treasurer. 
{The  Treasurer's  report  was  submitted.    See  report,  page 
106.) 


ELBCTION   OF  KEKBEBS.  27 

The  President : 

The  report  of  the  Treaaurer  will  be  referred  to  the  Auditing 
Committee. 

Next  in  order  is  the  report  of  the  Executive  Committee^  which 
will  be  read  by  the  Secretary. 

(The  report  of  the  Executive  Committee  was  read.    See 

report,  page  110,) 

The  Secretary: 

I  move,  Mr.  President,  the  approval  and  adoption  of  the 
report  submitted  by  the  Executive  Committee. 

The  motion  was  seconded  from  the  floor  and  carried. 

The  President : 

The  next  order  of  business  is  the  nomination  and  election  of 
members.  I  believe  there  are  a  few  names  to  be  voted  on  at  this 
time. 

The  Secretary: 

The  Chairman  of  the  Membership  Committee  has  seventeen 
applications^  duly  certified  by  the  Local  Council  and  recom- 
mended by  the  General  Council  at  its  session  this  morning  for 
election  to  membership.  They  are  all  properly  certified^  and  all 
are  now  eligible  for  election.  It  is  not  necessary  to  read  the 
names  or  the  states  they  represent  unless  requested.  I  move 
that  they  be  duly  elected  members  of  the  Association. 

The  motion  was  seconded  and  carried. 

The  President  then  delivered  the  Annual  Address. 
(See  Address  on  page  163,) 

Thomas  W.  Shelton  and  S.  E.  Ellsworth  offered  resolutions 
which,  wiihout  reading,  were  referred  to  the  Executive  Copi- 
mittee. 

The  Association  then  took  a  recess  until  2.80  P.  M. 


28  AMSaiCAN   BAR  ASSOCIATION. 

Second  Sbssion. 

Wednesday,  August  9, 1922,  £J0  P.  M. 
In  joint  session  with  the  California  Bar  Association^  Jeff 
Paul  Chandler^  President  of  the  CaUfomia  Bar  Association, 
presiding. 

Chairman  Chandler: 

It  is  a  very  great  privilege  and  honor  for  the  California 
Bar  Association  to  have  the  privilege  of  meeting  with  the  Amer- 
ican Bar  Association.  We  live  away  out  on  the  fringe  of  the 
continent,  and  we  hear  of  the  eminent  gentlemen  in  our  pro- 
fession; from  time  to  time,  we  follow  their  careers;  and  it  is  a 
great  privilege  for  us  to  meet  them  personally  and  to  draw  inspi- 
ration from  them. 

The  Bar  of  the  State  of  California  is,  in  its  humble  way, 
trying  to  carry  on  the  traditions  of  the  profession  of  the  law, 
and  to  see  that  this  comparatively  new  commimity,  compara- 
tively new  part  of  the  United  States,  has  a  reverence  for  the  law 
and  that  the  Constitution  which  has  been  given  to  us  by  our  fore- 
fathers may  be  carried  out  in  all  of  its  integrity.  Little  did 
they  think,  when  they  drew  that  instrument,  that  this  country 
would  ever  extend  to  the  Pacific  Coast.  It  would  have  been  very 
doubtful,  indeed,  in  their  minds,  had  it  been  suggested,  whether 
a  territory  as  large  as  the  present  United  States  could  be  success- 
fully operated  under  one  form  of  government.  When  the  first 
Americans  came  to  this  state,  California  was  very  far  from  the 
rest  of  the  states.  And,  as  you  have  been  told  frequently  since 
you  came,  because  we  are  so  proud  of  it,  the  earliest  lawyers 
in  this  community  did  establish  the  government  and  it  has  been 
perpetuated  by  lawyers  who  have  helped  to  build  up  this  splen- 
did community. 

And  let  me  extend  to  you,  in  closing  this  part  of  my  remarks, 
out  profound  gratitude  and  respect  and  appreciation  for  your 
presence  here  among  us. 

After  gold  was  discovered  in  California,  then  came  the  ques- 
tion of  water.  Gold  would  not  make  a  permanent  state — ^it  was 
necessary  to  develop  agriculture,  and  the  life  of  agriculture  in 
this  part  of  the  country  is  water.  *  They  had  to  develop  a  system 
of  water.     They  had  to  adjudicate  the  rights  as  between  the 


AI>DB£SS   OF  JUSTICE   SHAW.  ^9 

different  settlers  on  the  streams.  And  a  great  body  of  law  has 
been  built  up  in  that  connection^  and  has  seryed  to  develop  the 
resources  of  this  country. 

In  the  early  days  of  Los  Angeles^  when  it  was  a  very  arid 
country,  when  we  needed  much  water  and  didn't  know  whether 
or  not  we  had  it,  when  water  rights  were  rather  inchoate, 
unknown,  and  occasion  had  not  arisen  very  frequently  for  adju- 
dicating the  differences  which  subsequently  did  arise — at  that 
time  a  young  man  came  from  Indiana,  and  we  got  acquainted 
with  him  in  Los  Angeles,  and  then  elected  him  to  the  Superior 
Bench.  He  began  the  study  of  law — or  the  study  of  water  law, 
and  in  the  course  of  time  he  came  to  be  recognized  as  the  great 
authority  upon  water  in  our  part  of  the  state,  and  we  were  very 
proud  of  him.  He  was  elevated  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  this 
state^  and  later  became  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
California.  And  in  these  higher  positions,  he  came  to  be  recog- 
nized as  the  authority  upon  water  law  in  California,  and  perhaps 
in  the  west.  His  genius  has  aided  in  creating  that  fine  system 
of  water  law  which  is  now  in  operation,  to  the  perfect  satisfac- 
tion of  all  of  the  residents  of  this  commonwealth,  and  perhaps 
those  of  the  West. 

I  take  great  pleasure  in  introducing  to  you  Judge  Lucien 
Shaw,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  of 
California. 

Chief  Justice  Shaw  then  read  his  address  upon  '*  The  Develop- 
ment of  Water  Law  in  California." 

{See  Address,  page  189.) 

Chairman  Chandler: 

The  next  address  upon  the  program  was  to  have  been  delivered 
by  Governor  Henry  J.  Allen,  of  Kansas,  on  the  subject  "  Kansas 
Industrial  Court.*'  Governor  Allen  has  telegraphed  that  it  will 
be  impossible  for  him  to  leave  the  State  of  Kansas.  He  has 
therefore  requested  Senator  F.  Dumont  Smith,  of  Kansas,  to 
deliver  an  address  upon  the  subject  that  had  been  assigned  to 
him.  Senator  Smith  helped  draw  the  law.  He  has  been  special 
counsel  for  the  State  of  Kansas  during  the  entire  time  of  the 
administration  of  this  law,  and  he  is  very  familiar  with  its  pro- 
visions. 


30  AlCEBIOAK  BAR  AS600IATI0N. 

I  take  pleasure  in  introducing  to  you  Mr.  F.  Dumont  Smith, 
of  Kansas. 

The  address  of  F.  Dumont  Smith  was  then  delivered. 
(See  Address,  page  208.) 

The  Association  then  took  a  recess  until  8  P.  M. 

Thibd  Session. 

Wednesday,  August  9,  1922,  8  P.  M. 

The  meeting  Was  called  to  order  by  the  President,  Cordenio  A. 
Severance. 

The  Secretary  made  some  further  announcements,  and  then 
read  the  list  of  the  new  General  Council  nominated  by  the 
respective  state  delegations.    The  nominees  were  declared  elected 
without  further  action  on  the  part  of  the  Association. 
(See  List  of  Qenerai  Council,  page  H8.) 

The  President: 

We  have  been  happy  for  a  number  of  years  to  receive  as  our 
guest  some  distinguished  member  of  the  British  Bar  or  the 
British  Bench.  Sometimes,  on  rather  rare  occasions,  those  rep- 
resentatives are  Englishmen — ordinarily  they  are  Scotchmen. 
As  you  know,  the  Scotch  for  some  time  have  been  employed 
largely,  as  I  have  been  told  by  my  friend  MacKenzie  Gordon,  of 
San  Francisco,  in  governing  the  British  Empire.  In  1913, 
the  members  of  the  Association  who  were  at  Montreal,  will  recall 
the  remarkable  address  delivered  by  another  great  Scotch  Judge, 
Lord  Haldane.  You  will  remember  that  he  at  that  time  was  the 
Lord  Chancellor,  and,  to  do  us  the  compliment  of  meeting  with 
us,  he  was  obliged  to  place  in  the  commission  of  England  the 
great  seal  of  the  King,  and  I  believe  also  the  conscience  of  the 
King,  of  which  he  is  the  keeper.  It  was  a  great  compliment  to 
us,  because  it  was  the  first  time  since  Cardinal  Richelieu  that 
any  Lord  Chancellor  has  been  without  the  dominion  of  the 
King.  Since  then,  I  think  that  rule  has  been  further  violated. 
Then  again,  we  had  Lord  Finlay,  another  Scotchman,  who  is 
now  sitting  upon  the  great  international  court  at  The  Hague. 
Tonight,  for  the  third  time  within  these  few  years,  we  have  the 


ADDRESS  OF   tOBD  SHAW.  31 

pleasure  of  greeting  another  great  Scotchman,  a  gentleman  with 
a  most  remarkable  career  in  politics^  but  always  chiefly  in  the 
line  of  his  own  profession  of  the  law.  Like  our  own  Chief 
Justice^  he  has  not  ceased  to  be  a  lawyer  because  he  is  a  judge. 
It  gives  me  the  greatest  pleasure  to  present  to  you  as  the  first 
speaker  this  evening,  Lord  Shaw  of  Dunfermline,  who  will 
now  address  you. 

Lord  Shaw  of  Dunfermline : 

This  address  was  framed  before  I  left  the  British  shore.  I 
thought  I  was  to  speak  to  men.  I  find  a  charming  variation  in 
your  legal  procedure,  and  that  a  large  and  beautiful  portion  of 
the  audience  is  composed  of  ladies.  Now,  ladies,  don^t  be  dis- 
appointed. I  must  read  the  address  as  it  was  written,  and  it  was 
written  to  the  gentlemen  of  the  Bar  of  America.  But  don't  be 
disappointed,  because,  if  the  Chief  Justice  will  permit  me, 
gentlemen  on  this  occasion  will  always  embrace  ladies. 

The  address  of  Lord  Shaw  was  then  delivered. 
{See  Address,  page  219.) 

The  President : 

We  have  listened  tonight  to  a  wonderful  oration.  I  do  not 
recall  a  more  learned,  lucid,  or  interesting  address  in  the  history 
of  this  Association.  But,  members  of  the  Association,  you  have 
only  heard  from  one  side  of  the  channel.  You  are  now  to  hear 
from  a  gentleman  who  comes  from  a  war-stricken  country,  but  a 
country  whose  brave  sons  have  not  lost  heart  because  of  being 
war-stricken. 

The  eminent  lawyer  from  Paris  who  is  to  speak  to  you  is 
showing  a  courage  that  I  am  sure  none  of  us  possess.  I  am 
confident  no  man  in  the  Bar  Association  here,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  one  or  two  gentlemen  whom  I  see  at  my  left,  would  have 
the  courage  to  go  to  Paris  and  address  an  audience  of  French 
lawyers  in  their  own  tongue.  But  our  friend  comes  to  us  so 
equipped  that  he  can  speak  to  us  in  English.  It  is  only  in 
recent  years,  as  you  all  know,  that  our  French  friends  have  re- 
garded it  as  essential  to  know  any  language  but  French,  because 
every  gentleman  was  supposed  to  know  French.  But  they  have 
found  in  the  last  five  or  six  years  that,  while  Americans  can't 

2 


32  AMERICAN   BAR   ASSOCIATION. 

all  speak  French,  they  can  fight  like  Frenchmen,  and  many  of 
us  are  learning  their  tongue. 

I  spoke  of  the  meeting  in  1913.  We  then  had  with  us  at 
Montreal  that  great  French  advocate  Labori.  He  has  passed 
away  since  then,  but  it  is  his  intimate  friend  who  has  been 
named  by  the  Council  of  Advocates  of  the  City  of  Paris  to  speak 
to  us  tonight,  and  I  have  great  pleasure  in  presenting  to  you 
Monsieur  Henry  Aubepin  of  the  Paris  Bar. 

The  address  of.  M.  Aubepin  was  then  delivered. 
(See  Address,  poffe  244.) 

Adjourned  until  August  10  at  10  A.  M. 


Fourth  Session. 

Thursday,  August  10,  1922,  10  A.  M. 

The  President : 

Gentlemen  of  the  Association,  I  have  as  much  of  assurance  as 
any  decent  man  ought  to  have,  but  I  haven't  enough  to  make  a 
speech  presenting  to  you  the  speaker  this  morning,  as  you  know 
him  so  much  better  than  you  do  me.  The  Chief  Justice  of  the 
United  States. 

Chief  Justice  Taft  then  delivered  his  address  entitled  "  Pos- 
sible and  Needed  Reforms  in  the  Administration  of  Justice  in 
the  Federal  Courts/' 

(See  Address,  page  250.) 

« 

The  President : 

We  will  now  listen  to  a  report  of  the  Executive  Committee 
upon  a  resolution  which  was  yesterday  introduced,  and  which 
embodies  the  suggestion  with  which  the  Chief  Justice  closed 
his  remarks.  This  report  is  the  unanimous  report  of  the  Exec- 
utive Committee,  and  will  now  be  read  by  the  Secretary. 

The  Secretary : 

The  resolution  is  as  follows : 

Whereas,  One  of  the  gravest  duties  confrontine  the  judges  and 
lawyers  of  America  is  an  administration  of  justice  that  will  command 
the  respect  and  veneration  of  the  people, 


RESOLUTION  ADOPTED.  33 

Resolved,  Pint,  that  Congress  be  and  it  is  hereby  respectfully  peti- 
tioned to  provide  by  suitable  statutory  law  for  the  creation  of  a  com- 
mission, the  personnel  of  which  shall  be  appointed  by  the  President 
and  be  composed  of  two  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court,  two  Circuit 
Judges,  two  District  Judges,  and  three  members  of  the  Bar  of  high 
standing  and  qualified  by  learning  and  experience.  Such  Commission 
shall  prepare  and  recommend  to  Congress  amendments  to  the  present 
statutes  and  the  judicial  code,  authorizing  a  unit  administration  of  law 
and  equity  in  one  form  of  civil  action. 

Second,  that  such  act  shall  provide  for  a  permanent  commission, 
created  in  the  same  manner,  with  power  to  prepare  a  ^stem  of  rules 
of  procedure  for  adoption  by  the  Supreme  Court,  with  power  to  amend 
from  time  to  time.  Such  rules  and  amendments,  after  approval  by 
the  Supreme  Court,  shall  be  submitted  to  Congress  for  its  action,  and 
shall  become  effective  in  six  months  after  such  submission,  if  Congress 
shall  take  no  action  thereon. 

The  Committee  moves  the  adoption  of  that  resolution.- 
The  motion  was  seconded  from  the  floor. 

The  President: 

It  is  moved  and  seconded  that  the  report  of  the  Committee 
as  read  by  the  Secretary,  be  adopted.  Are  there  any  remarks  ? 
If  not,  all  in  favor  of  the  adoption  of  the  report  will  say  "  Aye.'* 
Opposed,  "  No."    It  is  unanimously  carried. 

The  Secretary : 

At  the  request  of  the  members  of  this  Association  and  of  the 
members  of  the  Bar  from  the  Pacific  Coast  States,  your  attention 
is  called  to  the  special  notice  on  our  program  of  a  meeting  of  the 
members  of  the  Bar  from  those  states  at  4.30  o'clock  this  after- 
noon in  the  Yosemite  Hall  of  the  Native  Sons  Building.  A 
matter  of  importance  to  be  discussed  at  that  meeting  is  indicated 
on  the  program. 

At  the  session  of  the  Association  tonight,  the  first  floor  of 
the  auditorium  will  be  reserved  for  members  of  the  American 
Bar  Association  and  their  wives  until  eight  o'clock.  After  that 
the  hall  will  be  thrown  open  to  the  public. 

The  President : 

The  next  order  of  business  is  the  report  of  the  Committee  on 
Promotion  of  American  Ideals.  In  the  absence  of  the  Chair- 
man of  the  committee,  Judge  Wade,  of  Iowa,  the  report  will 
be  read  by  B.  E.  L.  Saner,  of  Texas,  the  second  member  of  the 
committee. 


34  AMSEICAN   BAB  ASS00UT)[6^. 

Committee  on  Promotion  of  American  Ideals: 

The  report  of  the  Committee  on  Promotion  of  American  Ideak 
was  read  by  Mr.  Saner. 

{See  Report,  page  416.) 

E.  E.  L.  Saner,  of  Texas: 

I  move  that  this  report  be  adopted,  and  the  recommendations 
therein  contained  be  approved. 

The  President : 

I  understand  the  mover  of  the  motion  has  amended  the  written 
report  .so  as  to  provide  that  the  committee  to  be  appointed 
should,  for  the  present,  be  a  special  committee,  owing  to  the 
fact  that  no  new  standing  committee  can  be  created  without  an 
amendment  to  the  Constitution.  Are  there  any  remarks  to  be 
made  upon  the  subject? 

William  H.  Lamar,  of  the  District  of  Columbia: 
It  would  hardly  seem  necessary  to  offer  anything  in  support 
of  this  resolution,  in  view  of  the  manifest  way  in  which  the 
proposition  has  been  received  by  the  Association.  I  have  been 
requested  to  furnish  to  the  meeting  some  data  on  the  subject 
that  may  be  of  interest  to  you,  however. 

This  report  of  the  committee  covers  a  wide  field  of  all  classes 
of  matter  that  is  being  injected  into  the  public  mind,  from  all 
of  the  discordant  sources  that  tend  to  weaken  the  strength  of  our 
fundamental  principles  of  government.  Millions  of  newspapers 
and  periodicals  are  putting  out  matter  at  all  times  that  seriously 
affects  the  public  mind.  It  is  not  with  respect  to  the  general 
class  of  literature  of  this  kind  that  I  would  draw  your  attention 
at  the  present  time.  As  solicitor  for  the  Post  Office  Depart- 
ment for  eight  years,  I  had  peculiar  opportunity  to  see  the  So- 
cialistic and  Communistic  matter  that  is  being  published  and 
circulated  throughout  this  country.  I  simply  wish  to  call  atten- 
tion to  the  number  of  publications  that  are  printing  this  matter 
and  giving  it  to  the  public  at  all  times.  The  present  number  of 
radical  publications  in  this  country,  published  in  foreign  Ian* 
guage  and  in  English,  amounts  to  over  600.  These  publications 
are  such  that  it  is  difficult  to  determine  their  entire  circulation, 


BEP0BT8  OP  SE0TI0N8,  35 

but  some  87  of  the  600,  weekly  and  daily^  go  to  the  American 
people  of  the  class  who  read  this  kind  of  matter,  to  the  extent 
of  over  700,000  copies.  Yon  find  them  on  the  news-stands.  But 
this  number  that  I  am  talking  about  are  sent  through  the  mails. 
Of  the  remainder  of  the  600  publications,  there  is  no  definite 
way  of  determining  their  circulation  from  oflBcial  sources.  But 
it  is  evident  that  there  are  from  two  and  a  half  to  three  million 
people  in  the  United  States  that  read  this  class  of  injurious 
matter,  so  forcibly  referred  to  by  our  President,  and  referred 
to  in  a  more  general  way  in  the  report  of  the  committee  which 
has  just  been  read. 

The  President : 

If  there  are  no  further  remarks  upon  the  report,  the  question 
is  on  the  adoption  of  the  report  of  the  committee  and  the  ap- 
proval of  its  recommendations.  All  in  favor  of  the  adoption 
and  approval  will  say  '^  Aye.*'  Opposed,  "  No.*'  I  am  glad  to 
say  it  is  unanimously  adopted. 

The  Association  then  took  a  recess  until  2  P.  M. 


Fifth  Session. 

Thursday,  August  10,  1922,  2  P.  M. 

Charles  Thaddeus  Terry,  of  New  York,  Acting  Chairman : 

Will  the  Associatioi>  please  be  in  order.    We  have  a  precise 
program  for  this  afternoon's  session. 

Section  of  Criminal  Law : 

W.  0.  Hart,  of  Louisiana: 

Mr.  Abbott  being  imavoidably  absent  has  requested  me  as 
Vice-President  of  the  Section  to  make  a  very  brief  report. 

The  report  of  Section  of  Criminal  Law  was  then  read. 
{See  Report  in  Appendix,) 

Mr.  Hart: 

I  move  that  the  report  be  received,  and  be  made  a  part  of  the 
records  of  the  Association.  " 

The  motion  was  seconded  and  carried. 


36  AMERICAN   BAR  A8S0GIATI()N. 

Comparative  Law  Bnreau: 

Robert  P.  Shick,  of  Pennsylvania: 

I  have  no  report  to  submit,  other  than  the  simple  annals  of 
the  work  which  we  have  done  during  the  past  year,  and  the  fruit 
of  which  you  have  seen  in  the  April  number  of  the  Journal. 
In  this  day  of  budget  reform,  it  might  be  well  to  call  the  Asso- 
ciation's attention  to  the  fact  that  the  Bureau  has  not  cost  the 
Association  one  dollar  during  the  last  year,  and  for  several 
years  last  past.  We  have,  however,  quite  a  number  of  publica- 
tions that  I  think  would  be  of  interest  to  the  members  of  the 
Association,  and  we  invite  your  attention  to  those  translations  of 
foreign  codes.  They  will  furnish  you  quite  a  little  of  intellectual 
pabulum,  if  you  would  purchase  them,  and  you  would  also  help 
us  to  go  forward  in  the  work  of  making  other  transactions.  We 
have  one  large  translation,  a  monumental  piece  of  work,  the 
translation  of  a  Spanish  publication,  which  I  think  is  of  great 
interest  out  here  in  California,  and  particularly  all  through  the 
Spanish  State*.  We  would  be  very  much  encouraged  if  the 
Association  would  take  a  little  more  interest  in  the  publications 
of  our  Bureau,  purchase  them,  purchase  those  that  we  have,  and 
enable  us  to  secure  the  funds  with  which  to  go  forward  with  our 
work. 

We  have,  during  the  past  year,  realized  the  practical  value  of 
our  work.  We  have  had  inquiries  from 'a  great  many  sources, 
so  that  the  information  that  we  Beem  to  be  getting  together,  all 
research  work,  seems  to  be  of  more  and  more  practical  value,  in 
view  of  the  increasing  international  relations — for  instance,  we 
have  had  an  inquiry  frpm  Czecko-Slovakia.  They  want  to  be  in 
touch  with  American  lawyers,  and  they  have  applied  to  us,  and 
they  are  going  to  bring  to  that  Bureau  a  knowledge  of  the  Czecko- 
Slovakia  conditions,  and  we  will  get  the  information  of  our  con- 
ditions to  them  through  our  Journal.  I  tliink  the  Association 
owes  it  to  itself,  as  well  as  to  this  Bureau,  to  take  a  little  more 
interest  in  our  work.  As  Secretary,  I  welcome  the  cooperation 
of  all  tlie  members,  and  I  hope  that,  during  the  coming  year,  I 
may  hear  more  from  the  members  of  the  Association,  and  that 
they  will  take  a  greater  interest  in  our  work. 


REPORTS  OF  SECTIONS.  37 


Judicial  Seetion: 


John  P.  Brificoe,  of  Maryland: 

This  Section  has  a  report,  and  I  want  to  sa;y  that  we  have  had 
a  very  successful  year^  and  an  unusually  large  attendance  of 
judges  at  this  time.  It  has  been  very  satisfactory  to  us.  If  you 
recall,  this  Section  was  added  and  made  a  part  of  the  American 
Bar  Association  at  Montreal  in  1913,  and  under  the  resolution 
that  was  adopted,  the  Conference  of  Judges  is  required  to  meet 
every  year,  just  prior  to  the  meeting  of  the  American  Bar  Asso- 
ciation. Unfortunately  for  our  Section,  we  have  a  very  short 
time.  The  judges  are  not  allowed  to  do  much  talking  during 
the  year,  and  when  they  get  thus  far  away  from  their  homes, 
as  I  am,  for  instance,  away  from  my  home  in  the  east,  we  like  to 
do  as  much  talking  as  we  can,  and  a  day  is  not  very  much  time 
for  it.  Unfortunately  our  Section  has  a  conflict  with  two  other 
sections,  the  Criminal  Ijaw  and  the  Bar  Delegates  Conference, 
which  meet  at  the  same  time.  The  object,  of  course,  of  this 
Section,  Mr.  Chairman,  is  probably  well  known.  It  was  estab- 
lished for  a  conference  of  judges,  and  a  discussion  and  inter- 
change of  ideas  as  to  their  duties,  and  the  responsibility  of  the 
judiciary.  All  federal  and  state  judges  of  record  who  are  mem- 
bers of  this  Association  are  members  of  this  Judicial  Section. 
We  have  had  a  very  pleasant  meeting.  Two  very  interesting 
papers  were  read — one  by  Justice  Wilbur  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  California,'  another  by  Justice  Conrey  of  the  Court  of  Appeals 
of  Los  Angeles.  We  had  a  very  pleasant,  delightful  dinner.  We 
had  Chief  Justice  Taft,  I»rd  Shaw,  and  the  representative  of 
the  Bar  of  Franco — M.  Aubepin — ^also  our  former  Ambassador 
to  Great  Britain — Mr.  John  W.  Davis — and  Judge  Hunt.  I 
would  like  to  state  that  the  registry  of  judges  at  this  time  went 
up  as  high  as  130,    We  never  had  over  100  before  this. 

That  is  all  we  have  to  report,  except  that  during  the  year  we 
assisted  the  Committee  on  Uniform  Judicial  Procedure,  and  its 
representative,  Mr.  Shelton,  in  endeavoring  to  get  through  Con- 
gress the  bill  providing  for  making  new  rules  &r  the  United 
States  Courts,  some  of  which  were  spoken  of  by  our  Chief  Jus- 
tice this  morning  in  his  address.  We  had  the  pleasure  of  going 
to  Washington  with  Mr.  Shelton,  and  also  with  our  President, 


38  AMERICAN  BAR  ASSOCIATION. 

Mr.  Severance^  and  appearing  before  the  Goinmittee  on  Judiciary 
of  the  House  of  Bepresentatives,  and  also  of  the  Senate.  The 
adoption  of  those  rules  has  been  urged  by  the  Judicial  Section 
of  the  American  Bar  Association  since  it  has  been  in  existence 
practically.  There  seemed  to  be  some  objection,  both  in  the 
House  and  the  Senate,  and  both  adjourn  every  year  with  these 
resolutions  pending. 

I  had  a  very  pleasant  talk  with  Eepresentative  Volstead,  of 
Minnesota,  whom  I  suppose  you  all  recognize  as  the  father  of 
the  prohibition  laws.  He  is  very  anxious* to  get  a  favorable 
report.  This  Section  stands  ready,  Mr.  Chairman — ^and  this  is 
about  the  only  report  I  have  to  make — to  assist  the  main  body, 
the  parent  body,  the  American  Bar  Association,  in  any  way  we 
can,  at  any  time. 

The  Chairman: 

Gentlemen,  you  have  heard  the  report  of  the  Judicial  Section. 
What  is  your  pleasure  with  reference  to  it?  The  chair  will 
entertain  a  motion  that  it  be  received,  appproved  and  made  a 
part  of  the  proceedings. 

The  motion  was  made  and  carried. 

Section  of  Legal  Education : 

John  W.  Sanborn,  of  Minnesota: 

The  last  meeting  of  the  American  Bar  Association  adopted 
certain  standards  for  admission  to  the  Bar.  The  Section  of 
Legal  Education  was  directed  to  do  certain  things  with  regard 
to  those  standards.  The  most  important  work  was  to  call  a  con- 
ference of  the  bar  associations  of  the  country,  with  the  purpose 
of  asking  the  endorsement  of  those  standards. 

Immediately  following  the  meeting  at  Cincinnati,  the  Council 
of  Legal  Education  requested  the  Council  of  the  Conference  of 
Bar  Associations  to  call  a  special  meeting  of  that  Conference, 
to  be  held  in  Washington  during  the  winter,  for  the  purpose  of 
considering  the  recommendations  of  the  American  Bar  Associa- 
tion, with  reference  to  the  standards  of  admission  to  the  Bar. 
The  Council  of  Bar  Association  Delegates  agreed  to  take  the 


BBP0BT8  OF  SB0TI0N8.  39 

burden  of  this,  and  the  Conference  was  called^  and  a  joint  com- 
mittee of  the  two  Councils  was  entrusted  with  the  arrangement 
The  proceedings  of  the  Conference  have  been  published  ai^^ 
distributed  to  the  members  of  the  Bar  Association.  That  Con- 
ference endorsed  the  standards  adopted  by  the  American  Bar 
Association.  The  Council  on  Legal  Education  was  also  directed 
to  secure  the  direct  endorsement^  as  far  as  possible^  of  the  stand- 
ards by  the  various  state  bar  associations  of  the  country.  The 
matter  has  been  called  to  the  attenti(m  of  the  different  state  bar 
associations.  It  has  been  discussed  by  a  number  of  them.  Some 
of  them  have  endorsed  it^  some  have  left  it  over  for  further  dis- 
cussion^ and,  as  far  as  the  Council  is  now  advised,  no  bar  associa- 
tion has  refused  directly  to  endorse  these  standards. 

The  Council  was  further  directed  to  examine  the  law  schools 
of  the  country,  and  to  publish  a  list  of  the  law  schools  which  com- 
plied with  the  standards  adopted  by  the  American  Bar  Associa- 
tion, and  also  those  that  do  not.  ^That  examination  is  a  matter 
of  some  difficulty,  and  has  been  the  subject  of  careful  considera- 
tion by  the  Council.  The  law  schools  of  the  country  have  been 
asked  for  the  information  which  is  considered  necessary,  at  least 
in  a  preliminary  way,  to  make  such  a  classification,  and  the 
information  is  now  being  furnished  to  the  Council,  and  we  expect 
to  continue  with  that  work.  I  hope,  some  time  during  the  fall, 
at  least  to  announce  a  preliminary  list  as  to  the  classification  of 
the  law  schools. 

Since  the  Washington  Conference,  the  work  of  the  Section  has 
been  largely  administrative.  A  great  deal  more,  however,  has 
been  done  in  the  office  of  the  Council  than  has  been  done  here 
at  this  meeting,  for  instance.  The  report  asks  for  no  action  on 
the  part  of  the  Bar  Association,  and  I  move  that  it  be  received 
and  placed  on  file. 

The  motion  was  seconded  and  carried. 

Section  of  Patent,  Trademark  and  Copyright  Law : 

A.  C.  Paul,  of  Minnesota : 

There  are  two  matters  that  I  am  instructed,  by  the  Patent 
Section,  to  report  to  this  Association,  the  second  of  which  re- 
quires some  action  by  the  Association.    At  the  meeting  last  year 


40  AMERICAN  BAR  ASSOGIATIOK. 

at  Cincinnati^  the  Patent  Section  asked  the  American  Bar  Asso- 
ciation to  endorse  a  bill  that  was  then  pending  before  Congress 
for  the  reorganization,  to  a  certain  extent,  of  the  force  of  the 
Patent  Office,  and  some  increase  in  the  force,  and  increaBe  in 
salaries.  There  had  been  no  increase  in  salaries  of  the  Examiners 
of  the  Patent  Office  for  a  period  of  forty  years,  and  we  were  unable 
to  retain  the  skilled  men  in  the  office  on  the  salaries  that  were 
being  paid.  The  Association  endorsed  that  bill,  and  it  was  passed 
by  Congress  and  became  a  law  on  the  18th  of  February.  I  am 
very  sure  that  the  endorsement  of  that  bill  by  this  Association 
aided  very  .greatly  in  its  passage  by  Congress,  and  the  results  are 
all  that  we  hoped.  The  men  are  remaining  in  office  very  satisfac- 
torily, there  is  an  entirely  different  spirit  among  them,  the  work 
is  being  hurried  and  brought  up  to  date,  and  I  think  the 
Patent  Office  will  very  soon  be  in  very  satisfactory  shape  in  this 
respect. 

The  second  matter  is  this :  For  a  period  of  two  years  the  Pat- 
ent Section  has  been  working  on  a  revision  of  the  Federal  Trade- 
mark Law.  There  are,  at  the  present  time,  seven  federal  statutes 
relating  to  trademarks.  A  committee  was  appointed  at  the 
meeting  last  year,  to  draft  a  bill  for  fortifying  the  trademark 
law,  and  making  some  changes  therein.  It  is  not  the  purpose  of 
the  committee  to  make  any  drastic  changes  in  the  law.  The  bill 
prepared  by  the  committee  has  been  printed,  and  the  report  of 
the  committee  printed  and  distributed.  It  will  not  be  necessary 
for  me  to  do  more  than  call  attention  to  that  report.  Yesterday 
the  Patent  Section  adopted  the  report  of  the  committee,  and  the 
Section  now  reports  this  bill  to  the  Association,  and  asks  its  en- 
dorsement, so  that  the  same  may  be  presented  to  Congress. 

I  move,  Mr.  Chairman,  the  acceptance  of  the  report  and  the 
endorsement  of  this  bill  by  the  American  Bar  Association. 

The  motion  was  seconded  and  carried. 

National  Conference  of  Commissioners  on  Tlnif orm  State  Laws : 

Nathan  William  MacChesney,  of  Illinois: 
The  National  Conference  of  Commissioners  on  Uniform  State 
Laws,  as  you  know,  meets  for  the  six  days  preceding  the  meeting 


REP0BT8  OF  SECTIONS.  41 

of  the  American  Bar,  as  a  body  of  official  commissioners  ap- 
pointed by  the  governors  of  the  respective  states  under  statutory 
authority.  This  Conference,  held  in  San  Francisco,  has  been  one 
of  the  most  successful  in  the  thirty-two  years  of  the  history  of 
the  Conference,  in  results  in  securing  the  passage  of  approved 
acts. 

The  Conference  of  Commissioners  on  Uniform  State  Laws, 
as  most  of  you  know,  has  a  record  which  is  second  to  no  organi- 
zation in  the  country  in  constructive  achievement,  and  it  per- 
haps has  contributed  sis  much  to  the  reputation  of  the  American 
Bar  Association  for  constructive  work  in  the  field  of  law  as  anv 
organization  connected  with  it.  In  fact,  it  has  to  its  credit  399 
legislative  enactments  today,  which  are  the  law  in  various  states 
of  the  union,  three  of  which  acts  are  in  effect  in  California,  the 
most  notable  being  the  Negotiable  Instrument  Act.  The  Confer- 
ence this  year  has  to  present,  for  your  approval,  through  its 
President,  and,  as  such.  Chairman  of  the  Uniform  Law  Com- 
mittee of  the  American  Bar  Association,  four  acts  which  have 
been  discussed  in  a  detailed  way  usual  in  that  Conference.  We 
employ  expert  draughtsmen.  The  matter  is  discussed  year 
after  year,  until  the  act  comes  out  in  the  form  in  which  the 
Conference  is  ready  to  recommend  it  to  the  American  Bar  Asso- 
ciation, and  to  the  legislatures  of  the  country  for  adoption. 

I  therefore,  Mr.  Chairman,  beg  leave  to  present  the  following 
formal  report : 

To  the  American  Bar  Association: 

As  President  of  the  National  Conference  of  Commissioners  on  Uni- 
form State  Laws,  I  have  the  honor  to  report  that  the  following  acts 
have  been  approved  by  the  Conference  at  its  1922  meeting  and  recom- 
mended for  adoption  by  the  several  states: 
Uniform  Declaratory  Judgments  Act. 
Uniform  Illegitimacy  Act*. 
Uniform  State  Law  for  Aeronautics. 
Uniform  Fiduciaries  Act. 

I  ask  that  the  above-mentioned  acts  be  approved  by  the  American  Bar 
AsBociation  and  recommended  to  the  states  for  adoption.  Copies  of  the 
acts  as  approved  by  the  Conference  are  herewith  handed  to  the  Secretary 
of  the  Bar  Association. 

Respectfully  submitted, 
Nathan  William  MacChbsnby, 
Premdent,  National  Coriference  of  Com- 
migsioners  on  Uniform  State  Laws, 

I  move  that  the  above-mentioned  acts,  in  accordance  with 
cnstom,  be  approved  by  the  American  Bar  Association,  and 


42  AMERICAN  BAR  ASSOCIATION. 

recommended  to  the  various  legislatures  of  the  states  of  the 
union  for  adoption  by  them. 

The  motion  was  seconded  and  carried. 
Conference  of  Bar  Association  Delegates: 

■  ^ 

Clarence  N.  Gtoodwin,  of  Illinois: 

It  is  the  desire  of  the  retiring  Chairman  of  the  Conference 
to  report  to  the  American  Bar  Association  informally,  not  by  a 
written  report.  There  are  a  number  of  things  in  connection 
with  the  work  of  the  Conference  that  I  desire  to  call  to  the 
attention  of  the  American  Bar  Association.  You  are  not  all 
familiar  with  the  work  of  the  Conference,  and  so  I  will  say  that 
the  Conference  of  Bar  Association  Delegates  was  originally 
called  into  being  by  a  resolution  presented  by  the  Hon.  Elihu 
Root,  whose  absence  here  we  deplore,  and  passed  by  the  Ameri- 
can Bar  Association.  The  original  Conference  was  held  in  1915, 
and  has  been  followed  by  Conferences  each  year.  It  has  become 
an  organic  part  of  the  American  Bar  Association,  and  it  has  a 
two-fold  function. 

First,  to  collect  from  all  the  bar  associations  of  the  country 
such  suggestions  as  they  have  to  make,  regarding  a  betterment 
in  the  administration  of  justice,  better  conditions  in  the  Bar, 
and  after  considering  that,  to  report  their  conclusions  to  the 
American  Bar  Association,  and  to  the  local  associations. 

Its  second  function,  which  is  quite  as  important  as  the  first, 
is  to  receive  from  the  American  Bar  Association,  particularly, 
suggestions  which  it  deems  of  importance,  and  bring  them  to 
the  attention  of  the  local  bar  associations  of  the  country. 

Under  the  first  head  it  took  up  the  matter  of  legal  aid. 
After  considering  it,  it  brought  it  to  the  attention  of  the  Amer- 
ican Bar  Association  and  the  local  bar  associations,  with  the 
result  that  it  became  one  of  the  major  activities  of  the  American 
Bar  Association,  and  was  presented  to  the  meeting  in  St.  Louis. 
Again,  the  American  Bar  Association,  at  the  conclusion  of  the 
last  conference  held  in  Cincinnati,  asked  that  a  special  confer- 
ence be  called  in  Washington,  so  that  it  might  present,  at  that 
conference,  its  suggestions  and  position  with  reference  to  stand- 
ards of  legal  education.    That  conference  met  in  Washington  on 


HEP0RT8  OF  SECTIONS.  48 

• 

the  2dd  and  24th  of  February^  and^  in  addition  to  its  Chairman^ 
was  presided  over  by  the  Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States, 
William  G.  McAdoo,  John  W.  Davis^  and  Hampton  L.  Carson. 

The  Conference  was  attended  by  representatives  of  over  170 
bar  associations,  sending  660  delegates  and  alternates,  and  at 
the  conclusion  of  two  days,  by  an  overwhelming  vote,  in  the  face 
of  what  had  been  most  decided,  but  what  continued  to  be  dwind- 
ling opposition,  the  recommendations  of  the  American  Bar 
Association  were  adopted. 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Conference  was  held  in  this  halL 
For  some  time  the  Conference  had  been  known  as  the  National 
Conference  of  Bar  Association  Delegates.  By  an  amendment 
that  was  shortened  to  the  National  Conference  of  Bar  Associa- 
tions. At  the  same  meeting,  owing  to  the  absence  of  Elihu  Boot, 
we  found  that  our  By-Laws  prevented  him  from  continuing  as  a 
member  of  the  Council,  because  he  had  not  been  certified  as  a 
delegate.  A  By-Law  was  adopted,  which  provides  that  officers 
during  their  terms  need  not  be  appointed  as  delegates.  There  was 
also  presented  at  that  meeting  a  report  on  state  bar  associations, 
the  progress  made  in  various  states  towards  the  creation  of  ma- 
chinery for  Bar  government.  We  also  listened  to  a  most  delightful 
address  on  the  organization  and  government  of  the  Bar  of  Paris, 
by  Henry  Aubepin.  We  also  had  the  pleasure  in  the  afternoon  of 
listening  to  the  President  of  the  American  Bar  Association,  on  the 
subject  of  a  better  and  more  coordinated  effort,  on  the  part  of  the 
bar  associations  of  the  country,  toward  bringing  them  into  closer 
contact,  and  making  them  a  more  efficient  instrument  for  the 
better  administration  of  justice. 

The  result  of  the  address,  and  the  discussion  that  followed  it, 
was  the  resolution  for  the  appointment  of  a  committee  to  investi- 
gate by  what  means  this  coordination  can  be  brought  about,  and 
the  feasibility  of  the  federation  of  the  bar  associations  of  the 
country.  This  may  be  said,  however,  that  the  American  Bar 
Association,  through  the  Conference,  has  brought  into  close 
association  with  itself  all  the  bar  associations  of  the  country, 
and  is  exercising,  I  believe,  for  the  first  time,  decided  and  satis- 
factory leadership. 

There  were  some  other  resolutions  adopted,  one  affirming  the 
position  taken  in  regard  to  th^  unlawful  practice  of  the  law,  a^d 


44  AMERICAN   BAR   ASSOCIATION. 

approving  what  had  been  done  by  the  Bar  Association  of  Cali- 
fornia. With  your  permission,  Mr.  Chairman,  I  will  embody 
the  other  resolutions  in  a  formal  report  to  the  Bar  Association. 
In  conclusion,  I  would  like  to  say  that,  at  the  evening  session, 
we  had  the  privilege  of  listening  to  Mr.  McAdoo  address  the 
Conference  on  the  subject  of  the  duty  of  the  lawyer  to  the  nation, 
and  also  had  the  privilege  of  listening  to  a  most  delightful 
address  by  the  Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States,  whose  interest 
in  the  Bar  is  a  matter  of  gratification  to  all  of  the  members  of 
the  American  Bar  Association,  and  to  the  Bar  of  the  country. 

The  Chairman : 

The  ordinary  course  will  be  taken  with  reference  to  this 
report  of  Judge  Goodwin  for  the  Conference  of  Bar  Delegates, 
namely,  that  it  be  approved,  and  deemed  part  of  the  proceedings 
in  a  written  form  which  he  is  to  supply,  unless  there  be  an 
objection.    There  being  none,  that  course  will  be  followed. 

Committee  on  ProfesBional  Ethics  and  OrievanceB: 

Thomas  Francis  Howe,  of  Illinois : 

The  report  of  the  committee  has  already  been  printed.  Among 
other  things,  the  report  calls  attention  to  the  abuses  that  have 
arisen  under  the  system  of  advertising  by  so-called  patent  attor- 
neys, many  of  whom  are  laymen  admitted  to  practice  in  the 
Patent  Office  as  attorneys  in  fact.  The  committee  has  recom- 
mended the  adoption  of  the  following  resolution : 

Resolved,  That  the  Association  requests  the  Commissioner  of  Patents 
to  include  in  the  regulations  for  the  conduct  of  those  registering  as 
attorneys  in  the  Patent  OflSce,  a  rule  prohibitng  the  solicitation  of  busi- 
ness, so  long  as  they  are  designated  or  allowed  to  describe  themselves  as 
patent  attorneys. 

I  move  the  adoption  of  that  resolution. 
The  motion  was  seconded. 

« 

The  Chairman : 

Mr.  Howe,  would  you  be  good  enough  to  explain,  perhaps  a 
little  more  fully,  just  what  that  recommendation  portends? 

Mr.  Howe: 

Under  a  recently  enacted  statute,  the  Commissioner  of  Pat- 
ents is  given  authority  to  regulate  the  conduct  of  those  laymen 


BBP0BT8  OF  C0MMITIBB3.  45 

and  attorneys  who  are  registered  as  patent  attorneys  in  the 
patent  office.  The  Commissioner^  at  some  one^s  suggestion^ 
asked  the  President  of  this  Association,  to  appoint  a  committee 
to  assist  him  in  drafting  rules  governing  the  conduct  of  these 
so-called  patent  attorneys.  I  do  not  know  just  how  far  that 
committee  worked  and  assisted  him^  but  the  rules  have  been  pre- 
pared, and  instead  of  adopting  a  rule  prohibiting  solicitation  of 
business  by  these  attorneys,  the  rule  was  adopted  that  all  adver- 
tisements which  these  attorneys  wished  to  insert,  should  be 
prepared  and  submitted  to  the  Commissioner  or  his  appointees, 
for  that  purpose,  before  publication.  I  suppose  you  are  all 
familiar  with  the  many  evils  that  have  resulted  from  the  publi- 
cation of  many  misleading  advertisements  by  these  so-called 
patent  attorneys  in  the  press,  throughout  the  country,  particu- 
larly in  the  rural  districts,  and  your  committee  has  thought 
it  was  advisable  to  strengthen,  the  hands  of  the  Commissioner  by 
advising  him  officially,  if  he  so  desired,  as  to  what  the  American 
Bar  Association's  attitude  towards  the  matter  was. 

The  Chairman : 

Members  of  the  Association,  you  have  heard  the  recommen- 
dations of  the  Committee  on  Ethics  and  Grievances.  What  is 
your  pleasure  ? 

On  motion  duly  seconded,  the  resolution  was  adopted. 

Mr.  Howe: 

I  now  wish  to  offer  a  further  resolution,  on  behalf  of  the 
committee.  The  committee  recommends  that  the  following  reso- 
lution be  adopted : 

Resolved,  That  a  special  committee  be  appointed  by  the  Prettdent 
to  investigate  and  determine  by  what  rights,  if  any,  laymen  who  are 
registered  as  attorneys  in  fact  in  the  Patent  Office,  and  in  the  office 
of  the  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue,  use  the  words  "patent  at- 
torney'' or  ^^  income  tax  attorney,"  in  designating  their  wonc,  and  to 
recommend  to  the  Association  such  action  as  may  bring  about  the  dis- 
continuance of  these  misleading  designations. 

A.  C.  Paul,  of  Minnesota : 

Speaking  for  myself,  and  not  for  the  Patent  Section,  I  desire 
to  say  that  I  think  the  resolution  offered  by  Mr.  Howe,  ought 
to  go  a  little  further.    If  a  committee  is  appointed  to  investigate 


46  AMERICAN  BAH  ASSOOIATION. 

the  matters  referred  to^  I  think  it  should  not  be  limited  simply  to 
the  question  of  the  use  by  practitioners  before  the  Patent  OflSce 
of  the  words  *'  Patent  Attorney/*  I  took  this  matter  up  with  the 
Commissioner  of  Patents  a  few  weeks  ago^  and  he  expressed  his 
hearty  approval  of  this  resolution  of  the  committee,  but  he 
suggested  that  it  did  not  go  far  enough  in  the  matter  of  investi- 
gation, and  if  it  was  limited  to  simply  the  use  of  these  words,  it 
probably  would  not  accomplish  very  much.  I  have  talked  with 
Mr.  Howe  about  the  matter  this  morning,  and  I  wanted  to  make 
a  motion  to  amend  this  resolution,  so  that  it  will  give  the  com- 
mittee, if  it  is  appointed,  the  power  to  go  somewhat  further  than 
is  contemplated  under  the  present  resolution,  and  I  have  pre- 
pared an  amendment,  which  I  will  ask  the  Secretary  to  read. 
I  have  changed  it  a  little,  Mr.  Howe,  but  I  think  in  a  manner 
that  will  be  acceptable  to  you. 

The  Secretary : 

The  amendment  is: 

Add  after  the  word  "  work  "  in  the  second  resolution,  the  following : 
"To  investigate  the  conditions  in  the  Patent  Office,  and  in  the  office 
of  the  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue,  with  special  reference  to  the 
practice  of  the  so-called  attorneys,"  and  add,  at  the  end  of  the  resolution, 
the  words,  "and  otherwise  improve  the  practice  before  these  depart- 
ments." 

So  that  the  resolution  shall  read  as  follows : 

Resolved,  That  a  special  committee  be  appointed  by  the  President 
to  investigate  and  determine  by  what  right,  if  any,  laymen  who  are 
registered  as  attorneys  in  fact  in  the  Patent  Office,  and  in  the  office 
of  the  Conunissioner  of  Internal  Revenue,  use  the  words  "patent  at- 
torney," or  "income  tax  attorney,"  in  designating  their  woA.  and  to 
investigate  conditions  in  the  Patent  Office  and  in  the  office  of  the  Com- 
miasioner  of  Internal  Revenue,  with  special  reference  to  the  practice 
of  the  so-called  attorneys,  and  to  recommend  to  the  Association  such 
action  as  may  bring  about  the  discontinuance  of  these  misleading  desig- 
nations, and  otherwise  improve  the  practice  before  these  departments. 

The  Chairman: 

The  question  is  upon  the  amendment  offered  by  Mr.  Paul,  of 
Minnesota. 

Mr.  Howe: 

On  behalf  of  the  committee,  I  wish  to  say  that  we  are  glad 
to  accept  the  amendment. 


BBPOBTB  OF  OOMMIITEES.  47 

The  Chairman : 

The  committee  accepts  the  amendment,  and  therefore  the 
motion  is  upon  the  resolution  of  the  conamittee  of  which  Mr. 
Howe  is  Chairman,  as  amended  by  Mr.  Paul,  with  the  approval 
of  the  committee. 

Julius  Henry  Cohen,  of  New  York : 

Mr.  Brown  suggests  that  it  is  unnecessary  for  me  to  say  any- 
thing, because  it  is  going  to  be  passed  anyway,  but  I  would  like  to 
suggest  that  this  is  a  further  evolution  of  the  restriction  of  the 
practice  of  law  by  laymen.  The  Treasury  Department  recently 
put  in  effect  regulations  as  a  result  of  action  taken  by  the 
Conference  of  Bar  Association  Delegates,  which  regulates  the 
conduct  of  laymen  before  the  Treasury  Department,  so  as  to 
prevent  soliciting  and  advertising  for  business,  and  this  action 
with  reference  to  the*  Patent  Office  is  in  the  same  direction.  It 
is  important  for  us  to  connect  these  movements  in  our  own 
minds,  so  that  we  may  understand  the  tendency. 

Charles  Henry  Butler,  of  District  of  Columbia: 
The  Committee  on  Internal  Revenue,  of  which  I  happen  to 
be  the  Chairman,  will  make  a  report  tomorrow,  and  has  con- 
sidered this  question  of  the  relation' of  attorneys  practicing  in 
the  Treasury  Department,  and  their  obligations  to  the  depart- 
ment, under  the  regulations  which  Mr.  Cohen  says  have  been 
already  promulgated,  and  the  rights  of  attorneys  thereunder, 
which  are  matters  that  that  committee  is  already  considering,  and 
it  seems  to  me,  inasmuch  as  the  Treasury  Department  has  issued 
regulations,  and  is  enforcing  them,  that  it  might  be  well  to  sep- 
arate this  motion,  and  to  keep  it  separately  in  the  Committee 
on  Patents,  and  the  Committee  on  Internal  Revenue,  so  far  as 
it  does  not  entrench  upon  the  duties  of  the  Committee  on  Un- 
lawful Practice.  ^ 

Now,  in  regard  to  the  Treasury  Department,  I  say  that  the 
Commissioner  there  has  acted  in  a  very  broad  manner,  and  has 
formulated  and  promulgated  regulations  which  are  very  far 
reaching,  and  which  deal  with  this  question  of  advertising 
cards  and  solicitation.  And  what  we  are  more  anxious  to  do 
than  anything  else  at  the  present  time,  is  to  see  that  those 


48  AMEBIOAN  BAH  ASSOCIATION. 

attorneys  at  law  who  are  admitted  to  practice  in  the  Treasury 
Department^  while  they  have  to  assume  all  these  obligations, 
and  are  under  all  the  pains  an.d  penalties  contained  in  those 
regulations,  that  they  shall  have  some  of  the  rights  of  attorneys 
also.  In  that  respect  our  committee  has  had  a  number  of 
sessions  with  the  Commissioner,  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
and  the  assistants  of  the  Secretary  on  this  very  subject,  so  this 
matter  is  now  being  covered,  and  has  already  been  covered  in 
one  respect,  by  the  committee  of  which  Mr.  Cohen  speaks,  and 
has  been  covered  by  this  other  committee. 

Bome  G.  Brown,  of  Minnesota: 

May  I  suggest  that  this  is  a  resolution  only  giving  authority 
to  a  committee  to  investigate  and  report.  If  they  find  that  they 
need  authority  beyond  the  scope  which  they  are  given,  on 
account  of  meeting  with  other  conditions,  then  they  can  be  given 
that  authority.  It  seems  to  me  the  resolution  ought  to  stand 
the  way  it  is. 

John  B.  Corliss,  of  Michigan : 

It  seems  to  me  that  this  subject  is  already  being  covered  by 
two  of  our  standing  committees,  the  one  on  patents,  and  the 
other  on  internal  revenue,  and  that  another  additional  com- 
mittee is  unnecessary.  The  subject-matter  belongs  to  those  two 
committees,  and  the  recommendation,  it  seems  to  me,  should  be 
referred  to  them  for  action.  It  is  unnecessary  to  multiply  the 
number  of  committees  when  you  have  standing  committees  upon 
the  subject-matter  under  discussion. 

The  Chairman: 

Is  there  any  further  debate  upon  the  question  ? 

Mr.  Howe: 

I  might  say^that  the  reason  that  this  question  is  raised  by 
the  Committee  on  Professional  Ethics  and  Grievances  is  because 
of  the  large  number  of  complaints  received  by  the  committee 
throughout  the  country  during  the  past  year.  Those  complaints 
were  against  men  who  were  using  letterheads,  designating  them- 
selves as  patent  attorneys  or  income  tax  attorneys,  and  your 
committee  was  obliged,  in  almost  every  case,  to  respond  to  the 


REPORTS  OF   COMMITTBES.  49 

person  making  the  complaint,  that  we  could  not  take  any  action 
on  the  matter,  because  the  person  complained  of  was  not  an 
attomey-at-law.  Hence,  we  undertook  the  investigation  of  the 
question,  and  made  this  recommendation. 

A.  C.  Paul,  of  Minnesota: 

The  Patent  Section,  I  am  sure,  does  not  want  this  matter 
referred  to  it.  The  complaints  which  Colonel  Howe  referred  to 
were  submitted  to  the  Patent  Section.  We  think  that  the 
Committee  on  Ethics  and  Grievances  can  handle  this  matter 
much  better  than  the  Patent  Section,  and  we  hope  that  it  will 
remain  there. 

Barnett  E.  Marks,  of  Arizona : 

I  should  like  to  see  the  motion  or  the  amendment  broadened 
just  a  little  bit  to  include  the  words,  "  land  attorney."  Coming 
from  a  public  land  state,  as  I  do,  we  are  confronted  with  that 
evil,  in  addition  to  the  others  already  mentioned.  If  the 
amendment  could  be  broadened,  so  as  to  apply  to  the  Com- 
missioner of  the  Land  Department  as  well,  so  that  he  might 
also  promulgate  regulations  touching  the  practice  by  these  lay- 
men, as  land  attorneys,  who  so  advertise  themselves,  I  think 
it  would  be  a  good  thing. 

The  Chairman: 

You  have  heard  the  various  suggestions  made  by  Mr.  Butler, 
Mr.  Oorfes,  and  Mr.  Marks,  and  the.  remarks  of  the  Chair- 
man of  the  committee  which  is  involved.  Are  you  now  ready 
for  the  question?  The  question  is  upon  the  adoption  of  the 
resolution  offered  by  the  Committee  on  Ethics  and  Grievances, 
as  amended  by  Mr.  Paul,  the  amendment  being  accepted  by 
the  committee.  All  those  in  favor  will  please  say,  "  Aye." 
Opposed,  "  No."    The  resolution,  as  amended,  is  adopted. 

Mr.  Howe : 

Mr.  Chairman,  during  the  year  there  was  appointed  a  sub- 
committee of  the  Executive  Committee,  to  prepare  a  revision 
of  the  By-Laws  pertaining  to  the  duty  of  the  Committee  on 
Professional  Ethics  and  Grievances.  That  sub-committee  was 
composed  of  Judge  McClellan  of  Alabama,  Mr.  Richards  of 


50  AMERIOAN   BAR  ASSOCIATION. 

Chicago^  and  myself.  The  sub-committee  prepared  a  revision  of 
the  By-Laws,  which  was  later  referred  to  the  committee,  and  the 
committee  revised  it  in  some  slight  particulars.  It  has  been 
published,  and  the  committee  now  recommends  the  adoption  of 
an  amendment  to  By-Law  VII  by  the  substitution  for  the  last 
paragraph  thereof,  of  the  following: 

1.  The  Committee  on  Professional  Ethics  and  Grievances  shall  aasiflt 
the  state  and  local  bar  associations  in  all  matters  co'nceming  their 
activities,  in  respect  to  the  ethics  of  the  profession,  collect  and  com- 
municate to  the  Association  information  concerning  such  activities,  and 
from  time  to  time  make  recommendations  on  the  subject  to  the  Asso- 
ciation. 

2.  Be  authorized  in  its  discretion  to  express  its  opinion  concerning 
proper  professional  conduct,  and,  particularly  concerning  the  applica- 
tion of  the  tenets  of  ethics  thereto,  when  consulted  by  officers  or  com- 
mittees of  state  or  local  bar  associations.  Such  expression  of  opinion 
flihali  only  be  made  after  consideration  thereof  at  a  meetixig  of  the  com- 
mittee, and  approval  by  at  least  a  majority  of  the  committee. 

3.  Be  authorized  to  hear,  in  meetings  of  the  committee,  on  its  own 
motion,  or  upon  a  complaint  preferred,  charges  of  professional  miscon- 
duct against  any  member  of  the  Association.  As  the  result  of  such 
hearing,  it  may  recommend  to  the  executive  committee,  the  forfeiture 
of  the  right  of  membership  by  any  such  member.  All  such  recommenda- 
tions shall  be  accompanied  by  a  transcript  of  the  evidence,  and  shall 
only  be  made  after  the  accused  member  has  been  given  notice  of  the 
nature  of  the  complaint,  cmd  after  reasonable  opportunity  has  been 
accorded  him  or  her  to  submit  evidence  cmd  argument  in  defense. 

4.  Forfeiture  of  the  membership  of  any  member  as  hereinbefore  pro- 
vided, shall  become  effective  when  approved  by  a  majority  of  all  of  the 
members  of  the  executive  committee,  and  all  interest  in  the  property 
of  the  Association  of  the  person  whose  membership  is  so  forfeited  shall 
ipso  facto  vest  in  the  Association.  The  membership  in  the  Association, 
and  all  interests  in  the  property  of  the  Association  of  a  member  shall 
ipso  facto  cease  upon  his  disbarment,  or  a  final  judgment  of  conviction 
of  a  felony. 

5.  Whenever  the  specific  charges  of  unprofessional  conduct  shall  be 
made  against  any  member  of  the  Bar,  whether  or  not  a  member  of  this 
Association,  and  the  chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Professional  Ethics 
and  Grievances  is  of  the  opinion  that  the  case  is  such  as  requires  in- 
vestigation, or  prosecution  in  the  courts,  the  same  shall  be  referred 
by  the  chairman  to  the  appropriate  state  or  local  bar  association  where 
such  attorney  resides,  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Chairman  to  co- 
operate with  the  local  Vice-President  of  this  Association  for  the  state 
where  such  attorney  resides,  to  urge  the  appropriate  officers  or  com- 
mittees of  the  state  or  local  bar  association  to  institute  inquiries  into  the 
merits  of  the  complaint,  and  to  take  such  action  thereon  as  may  be 
appropriate,  with  the  view  to  the  vindication  of  lawyers  unjustly  accused, 
and  the  discipline,  by  the  appropriate  tribunal,  of  lawyers  guilty  of 
unprofessional  conduct. 

6.  The  committee,  with  the  approval  of  the  executive  committee,  shall 
formulate  rules  not  inconsistent  with  this  by-law,  to  give  effect  to  the 
foregoing  provisions,  which  rules  shall  be  published  ii^  the  aPQual 
reports  of  the  Association. 


BBP0RT8  OF  COMMITTEES.  61 

I  move  the  adoption  of  the  amendment. 

The  motion  was  seconded  and  carried. 
(See  Report,  page  285,) 

The  Chairman : 

The  President  of  the  Association  has  an  interesting  telegram, 
and  is  going  to  resume  the  Chair. 

The  President: 

I  am  very  grateful,  indeed,  Mr.  Terry,  for  your  guidance  in 
presiding  this  afternoon  when  I  was  unable  to  be  present.  I  have 
received,  since  the  adjournment  this  noon,  a  most  interesting 
telegram,  which  is  additional  evidence  of  the  widespread  feeling 
in  this  country  concerning  the  subject-matter  which  was  last 
acted  upon  at  the  morning  session.  This  telegram  is  from  the 
Attomey-Gteneral  of  the  United  States,  and  I  will  read  it.  It  is 
addressed  to  me  as  President  of  the  Bar  Association,  and  sent 
from  Washington  this  morning. 

Washinoton,  D.  C,  August  10,  1922. 
C.  A.  Severance,  Esq.,  President,  American  Bar  Association,  San  Fran- 
CISCO,  CaL 

Representatives  of  the  Bar  exercise  a  great  influence  in  ehaping  public 
opinion,  and  I  trust  consideration  and  action  will  be  given  to  the  follow- 
ing question  which  I  consider  a  great  national  interest. 

The  preservation  of  life,  hberty  and  property  requires  that  the  Ameri- 
can people  be  retaught  the  fundamental  principles  of  government 
as  established  by  the  fathers.  When  there  is  a  neglect  of  duty  or  lack  of 
courage  on  the  part  of  American  citizens  which  leads  to  failure  to  adhere 
to  and  to  teach  the  doctrines  of  sound  government,  the  perpetuity  of 
our  institutions  is  menaced  and  the  sacred  rights  of  those  who  live 
now  and  who  will  live  after  us  are  endangered.  Too  many  people  in  this 
coimtry  have  been  listening  to  the  teachings  of  foreign  doctrines  by 
imsound  advocates  who  have  left  countries  which  their  doctrines  have 
destroyed 

I  urge  that  steps  be  taken  before  you  adjourn  to  the  end  that  in  every 
state,  county  and  municipality,  organizations  be  perfected  to  teach  the 
principles  of  and  the  necessity  for  sound  government.  Teachers  and 
preachers,  both  men  and  women,  will  follow  up  the  work  if  you  lead.  A 
movement  of  this  character  is  as  essential  in  time  of  peace  as  in  time  of 
war  and  is  needed  now  as  it  never  was  before.  I  believe  that  the  great 
majority  of  the  press  will  aid  and  that  that  portion  of  the  press  which 
caters  to  and  preaches  and  advocates  unsound  doctrines  will  be  disre- 
garded by  the  American  people  who  place  citizenship  and  sound  govern- 
ment above  self-constituted  authority. 

Harrt  M.  Daughbrty, 

Attorney  General  of  the  United  States^ 


52  AMERICAN  BAB  ABSOOIATION. 

The  President: 

Unless  there  is  objection,  I  will  take  the  liberty  of  sending  a 
telegram  to  the  Attorney-General,  in  response  to  this  message, 
saying  to  him  that  the  very  action  he  proposes  was  taken  this 
morning  by  unanimous  vote  of  the  Association. 

Committee  on  Commerce,  Trade  and  Commercial  Law : 

W.  H.  H.  Piatt,  of  Missouri : 

This  committee's  report  reaches  some  34  pages  in  printed  form, 
and  has  been  handed  out  for  distribution.  It  deals  with  matters 
that  have  been  before  the  committee  for  some  three  years.  In 
it  is  found  three  acts  which  the  committee  has  drafted  with  the 
assistance  of  a  special  draughtsman.  Professor  Williston,  of  Har- 
vard University,  notably  the  National  Sales  Act,  an  act  for 
arbitration, — ^a  national  arbitration  act,  and  an  act  authorizing 
the  making  of  treaties  authorizing  arbitration,  and  also  an  act 
covering  uniform  state  arbitration,  which  was  drawn  by  the  com- 
mittee under  an  instruction  from  a  previous  session  of  this  organi- 
zation, in  connection  with  the  federal  act.  A  request  will  be 
made  upon  this  organization  to  have  this  latter  act  referred  to 
the  Commissioners  on  Uniform  Laws  for  their  consideration  in 
the  future. 

The  report  is  summarized  in  13  recommendations,  and,  as  has 
been  the  practice  indulged  in,  in  regard  to  this  committee,  by  this 
organization  in  the  pai?t,  those  recommendations  have  been  put  in 
the  form  of  recommendations  for  resolution,  and  unless  there  is 
an  objection,  it  will  be  presented  as  heretofore,  the  entire  number 
of  recommendations  presented,  and  then  made  as  one  resolution, 
authorizing  all  of  the  recommendations  at  one  time.  If  there  is 
objection  to  that  procedure,  then  we,  of  course,  will  be  under  the 
necessity,  Mr.  Chairman,  of  taking  up  these  13  recommendations 
separately. 

The  President  i 

Is  there  any  objection?  The  Chair  hears  none.  You  may 
proceed. 

W.  H.  H.  Piatt: 

And  I  may  say,  if  the  Chair  please,  that  in  the  Sales  Act,  the 
committee  discovered,  since  the  printing  of  the  report,  there 


BBP0BT8  OF  GOMKITTBBS.  53 

were  five  necessary  words  that  had  been  omitted  from  the  conclu- 
sion of  Section  55,  which  the  committee  has  taken  the  liberty  of 
writing  in,  and  will  turn  in  as  the  corrected  report.  In  para- 
graph 10,  the  committee  has  written  a  recommendation  to  the 
commissioners  which  will  be  rfead  here,  instead  of  the  printed 
•recommendation  covering  that  resolution,  to- wit,  the  Uniform  Act 
on  Arbitration  for  States.  Under  the  instructions,  as  given  by  the 
chairman,  I  move  the  adoption  of  the  report  and  the  13  recom- 
mendations made  as  resolutions  on  the  part  of  the  committee,  and 
the  acceptance  of  the  report  and  its  approval. 

(The  10th  recommendation  to  which  Mr.  Piatt  referred  reads 
as  follows : 

That  a  resolution  be  adopted  referring  to  the  National  Conference  of 
Commissioners  on  Uniform  State  Laws  for  its  consideration,  the  bill 
herewith  submitted  by  your  committee  as  to  a  Uniform  State  Arbitra- 
tion Act.    (Appendix  C.)) 

The  motion  was  seconded. 

The  President : 

You  have  heard  the  motion,  that  the  13  recommendations  pro- 
posed by  the  Committee  on  Commerce,  Trade  and  Commercial 
Law  be  approved  and  adopted. 

William  V.  Booker,  of  Indiana: 

May  I  inquire  what  subjects  are  embraced  in  the  matter  of 
arbitration^  as  proposed  by  Mr.  Piatt's  committee? 

W.  H.  H.  Piatt : 

Commercial  arbitration  was  the  subject  that  the  Committee 
on  Commerce,  Trade  and  Commercial  Law  first  took  under  con- 
sideration in  conformity  with  the  resolution  of  this  body  passed 
three  years  ago.  That  was  referred  to  the  Commission,  that 
particular  bill  that  you  have  inquired  about. 

The  President : 

Are  there  any  further  inquires  or  remarks?  If  not,  all  in 
favor  of  the  motion  as  made  by  Mr.  Piatt,  will  say  *'  Aye '';  op- 
posed ^  No.*'    The  motion  is  carried. 

{8e$  Report,  page  288,) 


54  AKSRICAK  BAB  ASSOOIATION. 

Committee  on  Inteniational  Law: 

James  Brown  Scott,  of  the  District  of  Columbia: 
The  Committee  on  International  Law  of  the  American  Bar 
Association  has  presented  its  report.  It  has  been  printed  and 
distributed  and  hence  it  is  not  necessary  to  take  up  your  time  by 
an  attempt  to  read  it  at  this  late  hour.  I  would  like  to  say  that 
the  method  of  preparing  the  report  has  been  somewhat  different 
this  year  from  the  times  past.  The  committee  has  remembered 
that  the  American  Ba.r  Association  is  a  body  composed  of  lawyers, 
and,  therefore,  that  the  international  events  to  be  discussed 
would  better  be  those  of  a  legal  nature,  and  that  the  international 
events  or  the  international  agreements  should  be  those  to  which 
the  United  States  was  a  party.  Therefore,  the  report  consists  of 
four  parts ;  a  discussion  of  the  International  Court  of  Justice,  and 
the  last  steps  taken  to  complete  it;  second,  a  discussion  of  the 
treaties  which  have  recently  been  concluded  between  the  United 
States  and  Germany,  putting  an  end  to  the  state  of  war  between 
those  two  countries;  in  the  next  place,  a  consideration  of  the  Four 
Power  Treaty,  and  the  procedure  and  results  of  the  Washington 
Conference  on  the  Limitation  of  Armaments;  and,  lastly  a  mere 
statement  of  the  meeting  of  delegates  of  Peru  and  Chile,  in  the 
City  of  Washington,  under  an  invitation  of  the  President,  in  order 
that,  by  a  free  discussion  on  neutral  soil,  the  long-standing  diflB- 
culty  between  those  two  coimtries  respecting  the  possession  of  a 
strip  of  territory  might  be  settled.  The  committee,  however,  felt 
that  in  addition  to  a  report  of  an  expository  nature,  it  might  make 
one  recommendation,  and  that  recommendation  is  of  a  very  gen- 
eral nature,  namely,  the  expression  of  a  hope  that  some  way  might 
be  found  by  which  the  government  of  the  United  States  might 
participate  in  the  proceedings  and  in  the  benefits  of  the  Inter- 
national Court  of  Justice  which  has  recently  been  established, 
and  which  is  now  in  session  in  The  Hague. 

Permit  me  to  recall  the  fact  that  an  honored  President  of  this 
Association,  a  past  President  of  this  Association,  when  Secre- 
tary of  State  of  the  United  States,  Mr.  Elihu  Boot,  instructed 
the  American  delegation  to  the  second  Hague  Peace  Conference 
to  propose  a  permanent  court  of  international  justice,  based  upon 
the  nature  and  proceedings  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 


BBP0BT8  OF   00HHITTSB8.  56 

States.  A  project  to  that  effect  was  proposed,  and  it  was  unani- 
mously approved,  the  difficulty,  at  that  time,  being  the  method  of 
selecting  the  judges.  Through  the  kindly  intervention  of  the 
same  gentleman  who  proposed  the  formation  of  such  a  tribunal, 
Mr.  Elihu  Root,  meeting  with  the  committee  of  jurists  at  The 
Hague  in  1920,  a  method  was  selected  and  was  devised  of  the 
appointment  of  the  judges  which  met  with  the  unanimous  ap- 
proval of  the  nations,  with  the  result  that  the  project  of  1907 
was  completed  by  appropriate  articles  relating  to  the  appointment 
of  the  judges,  and  that  august  tribunal  has  been  in  session  at 
The  Hague,  the  first  true  international  tribunal.  It  met  on  the 
15th  day  of  June  of  the  present  year. 

I  will  ask  that  the  resolution  which  I  have  spoken  of  and  ven- 
tured to  present  on  behalf  of  the  committee  be  submitted  to  and 
adopted  by  the  Association  in  the  hope  that  a  way  be  found  by 
which  the  government  of  the  United  States  may  participate  in 
the  proceedings  and  the  benefits  of  the  International  Court  of 
Justice. 

The  President : 

The  Secretary  will  read  this  resolution  of  Dr.  Scott's  that  is 
presented  on  behalf  of  the  committee. 

The  Secretary  (reading) : 

The  American  Bar  Association,  at  its  45th  annual  meeting,  held  in  the 
City  of  San  Francisco,  on  the  10th  day  of  August,  1922,  expresses  the 
hope  that  a  way  may  be  found  by  which  the  government  of  the  United 
States  may  avail  itself  of  the  permanent  Court  of  International  Justice. 

The  President: 

I  imderstand  you  move  this  resolution  ? 

Mr.  Scott : 

I  so  move,  Mr.  President. 

The  motion  was  seconded  and  carried. 

C.  N.  Goodwin,  of  Illinois: 

I  rise  to  make  a  suggestion  in  the  interest,  if  not  of  peace, 
of  a  good-feeling  on  the  part  of  the  American  Bar  Association 
and  all  its  members,  concerning  the  specific  proposal  by  Mr. 
Scott  I  think  we  are  all  agreeid  concerning  our  commenda- 
tion for  the  industry  of  this  committee,  and  the  very  admir- 


56  AMERICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 

able  manner  in  which  it  has  presented  its  report.  I  think 
we  are  all  as  one  on  that.  But  there  is^  in  this  report^  a  statement 
that  is  highly  objectionable  to  many  delegates  who  are  here,  and 
my  request  is  going  to  be  on  the  part  of  Mr.  Scott  to  withdraw 
an  immaterial  part  of  his  report,  and  prevent  the  necessity  of  a 
motion  on  the  floor  of  this  meeting. 

On  page  53  of  the  report,  the  committee — I  mention  the 
fact  that  four  of  the  five  members  of  the  committee  have  signed 
the  report — ^refers  to  the  presentation  of  the  Treaties  of  Ver- 
sailles to  the  Senate  of  the  United  States,  and  the  controversy 
which  arose  in  the  Senate,  in  regard  to  those  treaties.  It  con- 
tinues: ''A  situation  had  thus  arisen,  foreseen  in  the  course 
of  the  Federal  Convention  by  Mr.  Madison,  to  which  is  due,  in 
large  measure,  the  placing  of  government  under  the  present 
constitution  of  ^  the  states  in  their  united  capacity,'  to  use  his 
own  happy  phrase.  The  President,  he  said,  would  necessarily 
derive  so  much  power  and  importance  from  a  state  of  war  that 
he  might  be  tempted,  if  authorized,  to  impede  a  treaty  of  peace. 
Unwillingness  of  the  late  President  to  accept  reservations  to 
the  Treaty  of  Versailles  prevented  peace  by  means  of  the  treaty, 
for  a  treaty,  as  such,  cannot  be  made  by  Congress.  A  treaty  is 
an  act  to  which  two  or  more  nations  are  parties.  It  is  a  bi-lateral 
act."  And  then  continues  some  discussion  of  the  nature  of  a 
treaty,  and  a  quotation  from  Chief  Justice  Marshall  which  con- 
tinues over  on  page  54. 

The  question  of  whether  President  Wilson  was  unwilling  to 
accept  reasonable  reservations  in  the  Treaty  of  Versailles,  and 
whether  his  action,  whatever  it  was,  was  the  cause  of  the  rejec- 
tion of  that  treaty,  is  a  controversial  political  question  on  which 
this  assembly  is  divided.  It  has  no  place  here.  We  are  met  for 
the  improvement  of  the  law,  we  are  met  here  to  bring  about  a  more 
efficient  and  satisfactory  administration  of  justice,  we  are  met  to 
produce  better  conditions  in  the  Bar,  and  we  cannot  bring  about 
those  results,  if  controversial  questions,  political  questions  on 
which  we  are  divided,  are  brought  into  this  assembly,  and  there- 
fore I  ask,  on  behalf  of  those  who  feel  as  I  do  on  this  matter,  Mr. 
Scott,  that  you  withdraw  the  portion  of  the  report  beginning  on 
page  53,  with  the  words:  "A  situation  had  this  arisen,'*  and 
continuing  on  through  the  first  two  lines  on  page  54. 


RSPOBTS  OF   00MMITTBB6.  57 

The  Prefiident: 

Dr.  Scott,  you  have  heard  the  request  made  afi  to  the  elimina- 
tion of  certain  recitals  in  the  report. 

Mr.  Scott: 

Mr.  Chairman,  I  would  like  to  relieve  his  mind.  There  is  no 
intention  of  injecting  any  controversy,  there  is  no  intention  of 
producing  a  controversy,  and  it  gives  me  very  great  pleasure  in- 
deed to  accede  to  the  request  of  the  gentleman,  because  I  think 
we  are  here  to  unite,  not  to  divide,  and  that  anything  that  would 
seem  to  be  offensive  to  any  member  should  be  gladly  eliminated 
upon  a  request,  without  discussion. 

The  President: 

Gentlemen,  the  report  now  stands  before  you  deleted  to  the 
extent  stated  by  Judge  Goodwin,  namely,  to  strike  out  from  the 
middle  of  page  63,  the  part  beginning,  "  A  situation  had  thus 
arisen,^'  down  to  the  end  of  the  quotation  from  the  Antelope  case, 
on  page  54.  That  may  be  considered  as  eliminated.  Are  there 
any  other  suggestions  as  to  the  report,  aside  from  those  made  by 
Judge  Goodwin? 

Judge  Goodwin : 

I  move  the  adoption  of  the  report  as  amended. 

The  motion  was  seconded  and  carried. 

Mr.  Scott: 

I  have  a  resolution  which  I  would  like  to  present,  as  the  com- 
plement of  the  preceding  resolution,  and  I  hope  it  will  be  found  to 
be  of  a  non-controversial  character. 

The  American  Bar  Association,  at  its  45th  annual  meeting,  held  in 
the  City  of  San  Francisco,  on  August  10, 1922,  expresses  the  hope  that  the 
recommendation  of  the  committee  of  jurists  assembled  at  The  Hague, 
in  1920,  proposed  by  the  Hon.  Elihu  Root,  first,  that  a  new  conference 
of  the  nations  in  continuation  of  the  first  two  conferences  at  The  Hague 
be  held  as  soon  as  practicable,  for  the  following  purposes:  1.  To  renstate 
the  establii^ed  rules  of  international  law,  especially  in  the  first  instance 
in  the  fields  affected  by  the  events  of  the  recent  war.  2.  To  formulate 
and  agree  upon  the  amendments  and  additions,  if  any,  to  the  rules  of 
international  law  shown  to  be  necessary  or  useful  by  the  events  of  the 
war,  and  the  changes  in  the  conditions  of  international  life  and  inter- 
course which  have  followed  the  war.  3.  To  endeavor  to  reconcile 
diver^nt  views  and  secure  general  agreement  upon  the  rules  which  have 
been  m  dispute  heretofore.    4.  To  consider  the  subjects  not  now  ade- 


58  AMERICAN   BAR  ASSOCIATION. 

quately  reflated  by  international  law,  but  as  to  which  the  interests 
of  international  justice  require  that  rules  of  law  shall  be  declared  and 
accepted.  To  render  this  recommendation  effectivei  the  American  Bar 
Association  instructs  its  Committee  on  International  Law  to  present 
a  report  to  the  next  meeting  of  the  Association  concerning,  in  general, 
each  of  said  recommendations. 

The  motion  was  seconded. 

The  President: 

It  has  been  moved  and  seconded^  that  the  resolution  offered  by 
Mr.  Scott  be  adopted.  I  understand  that  it  is  a  recommendation 
unanimously  adopted  by  the  jurists  at  The  Hague^  upon  the  sug- 
gestion of  Mr.  Boot. 

Mr.  Scott: 

Yes,  proposed  by  Mr.  Root. 

Chief  Justice  Taft: 

Is  a  motion  to  amend  the  resolution  in  order? 

The  President : 
Yes. 

Chief  Justice  Taft : 

The  first  resolution  that  was  passed,  as  I  understand  it^  inti- 
mated a  desire  on  the  part  of  the  committee,  and  which  desire 
was  approved  by  the  Association,  that  some  means  should  be 
found  by  which  the  United  States  could  have  the  benefit  of 
association  in  the  International  Court  now  sitting  at  The  Hague. 

Now,  this  resolution  is  an  instruction  to  the  Committee  on 
International  Law,  upon  certain  subjects,  instructions  drafted  by 
Mr.  Boot,  and  I  have  no  doubt  the  Association  would  gladly  adopt 
those  resolutions,  or  rather,  the  instruction  to  the  committee, 
but  it  seems  to  me  it  might  be  well  to  add  that  the  committee  be 
also  instructed  to  report  the  machinery  that  it  has  in  mind  in 
the  first  general  resolution  which  we  adopted,  namely,  to  suggest 
the  changes  in  the  statute  organizing  the  present  court,  which  it 
seems  to  the  committee  might  make  it  possible  for  the  United 
States  to  become  a  party  to  that  court,  without  further  obligation. 
In  other  words,  I  think  the  committee  ought  to  carry  it  further 
than  a  mere  general  expression  of  hope.  I  think  they  ought  to 
formulate  something  so  as  to  help  us  in  respect  to  reaching  that 
which  they  express  a  hope  may  come. 


BSP0BT8  Oir  OOltliCITTHBd.  69 

And  I  move^  therefore^  that  that  be  adopted  as  part  of  this 
resolution,  namely,  an  instruction  to  the  committee  to  formulate 
such  amendments  or  changes  in  the  statute  which  now  consti- 
tutes the  court  which,  in  the  judgment  of  the  committee,  might 
jnake  it  possible  for  the  United  States  to  accept  it. 

The  President: 

Is  the  amendment  seconded? 

The  amendment  was  seconded  and  carried. 

The  President: 

The  question  now  is  upon  the  resolution  offered  by  Mr.  Scott, 
as  amended  by  the  Chief  Justice.    Are  there  any  further  re- 
marks ?    If  not,  all  in  favor  will  say  "  Aye.^^    Opposed,  "  No.^' 
The  resolution  is  unanimously  adopted. 
(See  Report,  page  3^3.) 

Committee  on  Insurance  Law: 

James  E.  Kerr,  of  Oregon : 

I  have  been  requested  by  Mr.  Vorys,  to  present  his  report  in 
his  absence.  The  report  is  here  in  the  form  of  a  very  succint 
typewritten  statement,  which  can  scarcely  be  summarized  in 
any  shorter  space  than  it  is  written. 

On  behalf  of  the  Committee  on  Insurance  Law,  I  move  that 
the  Committee  be  instructed  to  continue  furnishing  copies  of 
the  Code  to  those  interested  in  such  legislation  in  the  several 
states,  and  that  the  committee  urge  upon  the  Congress  the 
enactment  of  a  code  for  the  regulation  of  insurance  in  the 
District  of  Columbia,  and  I  add  to  that  motion  that  this  report 
be  received  and  made  a  part  of  this  proceeding. 

The  motion  was  seconded  and  carried. 
(See  Report,  page  363.) 

Committee  on  Publicity : 

Mitchell  D.  FoUansbee,  of  Illinois : 

Your  committee  has  reported  briefly  on  page  77  of  the  pam- 
phlet of  reports.  It  has  no  resolutions  to  offer,  but  it  takes  this 


60  AMBRICAN   BAK  ASSOCIATION. 

opportunity  to  thank  the  yarions  news-gathering  agencies,  such 
as  the  Associated  Press,  for  their  courteous  and  generous  and 
constant  cooperation.  Publicity,  of  course,  is  debarred  to  the 
individual  practitioner,  but  this  is  a  matter  of  collective  bar- 
gaining, and  there  is  a  sanction  to  the  written  word.  It  Las. 
been  the  theory  of  us  amateurs,  that  the  more  times  the  Ameri- 
can Bar  Association  could  be  mentioned  with  approbation  in 
the  papers  scattered  around  the  country,  which  the  plain  and 
other  people  read,  the  more  sanction  would  be  given  to  it,  and 
more  weight  would  be  given  to  its  recommendation.  So,  while 
the  Publicity  Committee  does  not  write  the  speeches  that  are 
delivered,  it  digests  and  sends  them  out  from  coast  to  coast,  and 
during  the  year  it  sends  out  matters  that  may  be  of  interest  or 
may  be  assumed  to  be  news.  We  tested  the  results  of  our  efforts 
by  subscribing  to  a  press  clipping  bureau,  and  so  much  stuflE 
rolled  in  that  nobody  could  possibly  read  it,  and  so  we  stopped 
the  subscription.  I  am  sure  that  the  next  committee  will  be 
very  glad  to  have,  as  we  have  had,  any  recommendations  for 
suggestions  that  can  be  made  among  the  members,  some  of  whom 
may  be  more  familiar  with  publicity  than  the  members  of  your 
committee  have  been. 

The  Chairman: 

The  report,  requiring  no  action,  will  be  received. 
{See  Report,  page  39 Jf,) 

Committee  on  Memorials: 

The  Secretary  read  the  report  of  the  Committee  on  Memor- 
ials, and  during  the  reading  of  the  report,  the  delegates  and 
audience  remained  standing. 

{See  Report,  page  395.) 

Committee  on  Jurisprudence  and  Law  Beform: 

Henry  W.  Taft,  of  New  York : 

The  Association  will  share  with  the  committee  the  regret  that 
the  familiar  figure  of  Mr.  Wheeler  does  not  appear  here  for  the 
presentation  of  this  report.  His  health  did  not  permit  him  to 
make  the  trip  across  the  continent,  nevertheless,  he  was  in  a 


BBFOBTS  OF  COMMITTEES.  61 

condition  which  enabled  him  to  formulate  for  the  committee 
this  report^  and  he  has  asked  me  to  present  it. 

I  suppose  there  is  a  conclusive  presumption  that  all  of  the 
Yoluminous  literature  which  is  distributed  by  the  officers  of  the 
Association  has  been  assiduously  examined  by  the  members  of 
the  Association^  and  therefore,  unless  there  is  a  request  I  shall 
not  read  the  text  of  this  report,  but  endeavor  to  curtail  its 
presentation  by  stating  the  substance  of  it,  except  certain  im- 
portant parts,  which  perhaps  would  be  better  presented  as  it 
was  agreed  upon  by  the  committee. 

The  first  subject  which  haa  been  dealt  with  by  the  committee, 
is  the  subject  of  declaratory  judgments.  That  subject  has 
received  the  attention  of  the  committee  during  several  years, 
and  has  finally  resulted  in  the  recommendation  that  Congress 
enact  a  provision  that  the  courts  be  empowered  to  render  de- 
claratory judgments.  There  has  been  considerable  literature 
upon  that  subject,  and  some  of  the  states,  including  my  own 
state,  have  adopted  provisions  of  the  statute  authorizing  de- 
claratory judgments.  In  England,  they  are  authorized  to  render 
such  judgments,  and  I  am  informed,  so  far  as  statistics  are  ob- 
tainable, that  something  like  50^  of  the  judgments  in  the  courts 
of  England  are  rendered  in  cases  in  which  a  declaratory  judg- 
ment is  rendered  by  the  court.  I  presented  this  matter  to  the 
Judiciary  Committees  of  the  two  Houses  of  Congress,  and  there 
ensued  a  very  full  discussion  of  the  subject.  The  committee  is 
firmly  of  the  opinion  that  our  system  of  jurisprudence  and  pro- 
cedure would  be  advanced  by  a  provision  authorizing  the  courts 
to  make  declaratory  judgments.  We  have  appended  to  our 
report  a  number  of  cases  in  which  such  judgments  would  be 
useful.  Of  course,  I  cannot  detain  you  today  by  attempting  to 
state  cases  in  which  they  would  serve  in  the  administration  of 
justice.  It  is,  perhaps,  sufficient  to  mention  one,  that  is  to 
say,  when  a  contract  which  has  yet  to  be  performed,  and  in 
respect  of  which  no  liability  has  arisen,  and  where  both  the 
parties  are  desirous  of  being  guided  in  their  conduct  in  relation 
to  the  contract,  and  a  real  controversy  exists,  they  may  appeal 
to  the  court,  and  have  the  contract  construed  for  their  guid- 
ance in  the  future.  There  are  many  other  instances  in  which 
the  judgment  would  be  useful.    We  have,  accordingly,  recom- 


62  AMEBICAK  BAR  ASSOOIATION. 

mended  that  Congress  enact  a  provision  authorizing  declaratory 
judgments,  and  we  have  formulated  a  bill  after  a  number  of 
efforts  in  an  endeavor  to  avoid  pitfalls,  and  have  succeeded  in 
drawing  a  very  brief  bill,  which  has  been  presented  to  the  com- 
mittees of  both  Houses  of  Congress. 

The  member  of  my  family  who  occupies  an  official  position, 
this  morning  stated  one  form  of  the  simplification  of  practice, 
namely,  the  simplification  of  all  proceedings  for  appeal  in  the 
federal  courts,  excepting  in  the  case  of  writs  of  certiorari.  That 
was  one  of  the  subjects  that  the  Committee  on  Jurisprudence 
and  Law  Reform  recommended  to  Congress,  and  appears  to 
meet  with  a  pretty  universal  approbation,  and  that  forms  one 
chapter  of  the  report  of  the  committee.  The  most  troublesome 
question  that  we  have  had  to  deal  with  is  the  removal  of  cases 
to  the  federal  courts.  The  whole  srabject  of  removal  of  causes 
is  in  a  hopeless  state  of  confusion,  owing  to  the  differing  views 
of  the  courts  in  the  several  circuits  concerning  that  provision 
of  the  judicial  code  relating  to  the  proper  place  for  the  com- 
mencement of  a  suit  in  the  federal  court.  There  is  a  hopeless 
inconsistency  and  conflict  in  the  decisions  in  the  several  circuits. 
Our  friend,  Mr.  Boston,  has  been  of  great  assistance  to  us  in 
considering  this  subject.  I  think  that  his  attention  to  it  has 
been  largely  stimulated  by  painful  experience  in  his  professional 
practice.  In  any  case,  he  has  been  able  to  throw  much  light  on 
the  general  subject.  The  Supreme  Court  has  said  that  the 
condition  is  such  in  respect  to  the  provisions  of  the  law  relating 
to  removal  of  causes,  that  there  is  no  remedy  excepting  an 
amendment  of  the  law,  and  we  have  endeavored  to  formulate, 
and  we  have  submitted  to  Congress,  a  provision  which  probably 
will  remove  all  difficulties  in  the  future.  I  think  that  will 
pass  both  Houses  from  the  expressions  which  were  made  when  I 
appeared  before  them,  indicating  that  they  are  willing  and 
anxious  to  remove  the  doubt  upon  that  subject.  It  required  an 
amendment  of  two  sections  and  the  addition  of  one  section  to 
the  judicial  code. 

We  attempted  to  provide  for  procedure  in  the  federal  courts 
for  the  protection  of  the  interests  of  aliens.  We  did  not  succeed 
in  getting  the  bill  which  we  recommended  approved  by  the 
committees  of  Congress,  but  through  the  efforts  of  Mr.  Moores, 


BBP0BT8  OF  OOKKITTBB&  63 

who  was  a  member  of  our  committee^  and  a  member  of  the  Hotise 
of  Bepresentatives  from  Indiana,  we  did  succeed  in  getting 
inserted  into  the  anti-Iynching  bill,  a  sort  of  a  rider,  substan- 
tially covering  the  subject-matter.  As  to  the  constitutionality 
of  the  main  portion  of  the  anti-lynching  bill,  one  of  our  mem- 
bers, our  respected  representative  from  Colorado,  has  entered  a 
protest,  expressing  his  doubt  as  to  the  constitutionality  of  the 
provisions  of  that  law,  but  even  though  the  other  provisions  be 
declared  to  be  xmconstitutional,  it  seems  to  us  quite  clear  that 
the  provision  relating  to  the  power  of  the  court  to  deal  with 
rights  of  aliens  may  be  sustained,  even  though  the  rest  of  the 
act  be  declared  to  be  unconstitutional. 

Senator  Nelson  has  endeavored  to  procure  the  passage  of  a  law 
permitting  an  accused  person  to  plead  guilty  at  any  time.  He 
thinks,  and  his  experience  in  courts  in  Minnesota  has  lead  to  the 
conclusion,  that  a  plea  of  that  kind  will  tend  to  facilitate  the  trial 
of  cnminal  cases,  and  at  his  request,  and  after  a  consideration  of 
the  subject,  the  committee  decided  to  recommend  the  act  which 
Senator  Nelson  has  introduced  to  accomplish  that  result. 

Our  attention  was  called  to  the  subject  of  f^es  and  costs  in 
the  federal  courts.  You  all  will  recall  that  Senator  Norris  de- 
livered an  elaborate  speech  upon  that  subject,  especially  charg- 
ing that  the  expenses  and  costs  in  the  federal  courts  in  many 
cases  exceeded  those  in  the  state  court.  Investigation  by  the 
committee  has  shown  that,  to  a  certain  extent,  those  assertions 
were  true.  We  have  not  recommended  anything  specific.  The 
subject  is  very  broad,  but  it  is  a  subject  which  ought  to  receive 
very  careful  consideration.  The  committee  ten  years  ago  or 
more  several  times  recommended  that  the  present  system  for 
payment  of  the  bills  of  stenographers  be  abolished,  and  that  that 
whole  subject  be  put  in  the  discretion  of  the  court.  That  recom- 
mendation was  made  to  Congress,  but  upon  being  presented  to 
the  committees  of  Congress  there  was  the  bitter  opposition  of 
the  Stenographers'  Union,  and  it  resulted  in  the  defeat  of  the 
measure.  They  preferred  that  the  parties  should  be  made  to  pay 
their  expenses  without  any  supervision  by  the  court.  The  whole 
subject  of  the  expense  in  the  federal  courts  ought  to  be  taken 
up  and  disposed  of. 

3 


64  AMERICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 

Ten  years  ago  a  bill  was  introduced,  which  it  was  hoped 
might  diminish  the  cost  of  legal  proceedings  in  the  federal 
courts,  but  on  account  of  some  ambiguities  in  the  bill,  we  are 
advised  by  the  Attorney-General  that  it  has  not  accomplished 
the  desired  object,  and  the  whole  subject  needs  to  be  taken  up 
and  formulated.  The  committee  will  continue  its  examination 
with  a  view  to  that  result.  ' 

The  next  subject  taken  up  by  the  committee  is  that  of  injunc- 
tions. In  view  of  the  importance  of  that  subject,  I  shall  adhere 
to  the  expressions  of  the  committee,  which  appear  on  page  82 
of  the  report.  The  subject  was  brought  up  by  the  introduction, 
by  Mr.  Backarack  of  New  Jersey,  of  a  bill  which  provided  that 
no  district  or  circuit  court,  or  the  judge  thereof,  shall  have 
jurisdiction  to  entertain  any  bill  of  complaint,  suspending  or 
restraining  the  enforcement,  operation  or  execution  of  any  order 
made  by  any  administrative  board  or  commission  in  any  state, 
acting  under  and  in  pursuance  to  the  statutes  of  such  state, 
where  such  order  was  made  after  a  hearing  upon  notice,  nor  to 
entertain  jurisdiction  upon  any  bill  of  complaint,  to  suspend 
or  restrain  the  enforcement,  operation  or  execution  of  the 
statute  under  which  such  order  was  made  in  any  case  where, 
under  the  statute  of  the  state,  provision  is  made  for  a  judicial 
review  of  such  order  upon  the  law  and  the  facts.  There  is  a 
provision  in  the  bill  that  it  shall  not  apply  to  matters  affecting 
interstate  commerce. 

This  whole  subject  was  dealt  with  by  the  committee  as  far 
back  as  1913,  and  subsequently  in  1914,  and  in  these  reports 
the  committee  then  undertook  to  vindicate  the  existing  law, 
that  is,  permitting  the  courts  to  issue  such  injunctions  and  to 
approve  the  practice  of  the  courts  in  respect  thereto.  The  com- 
mittee has  quoted  from  its  report  of  1913,  and  the  subject  was 
so  briefly  but  completely  covered  by  that  report  that  I  am 
going  to  detain  the  Association  by  reading  an  extract  from  that 
report. 

The  complaint  against  injunctions  is  really  the  direct  reverse  of  the 
complaint  TK^ich  is  also  common  that  legal  procedure  is  technical  and 
dilatory.  The  procedure  in  injunction  cases  is  neither.  Either  party  is 
at  liberty  to  put  in  any  evidence  it  chooses,  without  regard  to  the 
technical  rules  which  prevail  in  the  ordinary  trial  of  causes,  and  the 
hearing  is  speedy.  The  whole  arsenal  of  technical  points  by  which  cases 
are  often  procrastinated  is  of  no  avail  here.    The  true  purpose  of  an 


RSP0BT8  OF   00KKITTBB8.  66 

injunction  is  to  prevent  irreparable  injury.    This  may  mean  either  an 
injury  that,  in  a  strict  sense  of  the  word,  cannot  in  any  way  be  made 

Sood,  or  an  injury,  the  consequences  of  which  shall  be  such  that  the 
amage  consequent  upon  it  cannot  be  accurately  adjusted,  and  so 
cannot  be  compensated  by  any  money  payment.  In  theoi]y  injunction  is 
the  defense  of  the  weak  against  the  strong.  The  conditions  of  society 
are  such  that  some  men  have  power  far  greater  than  others.  This  power 
may  come  from  their  great  wealth;  it  may  come  from  their  organisa- 
tion afid  discipline.  Without  the  right  of  injunction,  it  would  be  per- 
fectly possible  for  such  persons  to  commit  wrongs  against  their  fellow- 
citizens,  and  then,  having  obtained  the  object  they  desire,  sit  down  and 
calmly  wait  the  result  of  an  action  for  damages.  In  defendhig  such  an 
action  all  the  delays  which  are  possible  under  systems  of  jurisprudence 
would  be  availed  of,  every  technical  objection  would  be  taken,  every 
possible  appeal  would  be  resorted  to.  In  many  cases  the  plaintiff  would 
not  have  the  pecuniary  means  to  prosecute  the  suit  to  a  conclusion.  In 
many  others  the  burden  of  contesting  it  would  be  so  great  that  he  would 
relinquish  the  contest,  and  the  aggressor  would  remain  in  possession  of 
the  field. 

Under  our  present  ^stem,  when  such  an  injury  is  threatened,  the 
party  who  has  reason  to  apprehend  it,  may  apply  to  the  court,  and 
obtain  an  order  immediately  forbidding  the  aggressor  to  commit  the 
wrong,  and  requiring  him  to  show  cause  why  he  should  not  be  perma- 
nently forbidden  to  commit  it  during  the  pendency  of  the  suit.  The 
hearing  in  such  case  is  prompt.  The  evidence,  it  is  true,  is  by  affidavit 
and  not  subject  to  cross-examination,  but  in  point  of  fact,  the  actual 
facts  of  the  case  are  generally  presented  to  the  court.  Both  parties  are 
heard  by  coimsel,  and  the  •court  promptly  passes  upon  their  rights.  In 
the  case  of  doubt,  the  injunction  is  retused.  But  if  the  party  has  made 
out  a  clear  case,  it  is  granted.  The  aggressor  still  has  the  right  to  a  full 
trial  in  ordinary  course,  with  the  right  to  cross-examination  of  the 
adversary  witnesses.  But  in  nine  cases  out  of  ten  he  does  not  avail  of 
this  right.  The  injunction  has  defeated  his  nefarious  attempt  to  injure 
or  destroy  some  one  who,  for  some  reason,  he  wishes  to  assail,  and  he 
gives  up  the  contest. 

We  cannot  close  this  part  of  our  report  better  than  by  quoting 

from  the  language  of  Mr.  Justice  Brewer^  in  an  address  delivered 

in  Brooklyn,  November  23rd,  1909.    Justice  Brewer  said : 

When  the  choice  is  between  the  redress  or  prevention  of  injury  by 
force,  or  by  whatsoever  process,  the  law  is  well  pleased  if  the  individual 
will  consent  to  waive  his  right  to  the  use  of  force,  and  await  its  action. 
Government  by  injunction  has  been  an  object  of  easy  denunciation. 
So  far  from  restraining  its  power,  there  never  was  a  time  when  its 
restrictive  and  vigorous  exercise  was  worth  more  to  the  nation  and  for 
the  best  interests  of  all.  As  population  becomes  more  dense,  as  business 
interests  multiply,  and  crowd  each  other,  the  restraining  power  of  the 
court  of  equity  is  of  far  greater  importance  than  the  punishini;  power 
oi  the  criminal  law.  The  best  scientific  thought  of  the  day  is  along 
the  lines  of  prevention,  rather  than  those  of  cure.  We  aim  to  stay  the 
spread  of  ^idemics  rather  than  to  permit  them  to  run  their  course,  and 
attend  solely  to  the  work  of  curins  the  sick.  And  shall  it  be  said  of  the 
law,  which  claims  to  be  the  perfection  of  reason,  and  to  express  the 
highest  thoughts  of  the  day,  that  it  no  longer  attempts  to  prevent  the 
wrong,  but  limits  its  action  to  the  matter  of  punishment?  To  take 
away  the  equitable  power  of  restraining  wrong  is  a  step  backward,  to- 
ward barbarism,  rather  than  a  step  forward  toward  higher  civilization. 


66  AMBBICAN   BAR  ASSOOIATION. 

Courts  make  mistakes  in  flranting  injunctions.  So  th^  do  in  other 
orders  and  decrees.  Shall  the  judicial  power  be  taken  away  because  of 
their  occasional  mistakes?  The  argument  would  lead  to  the  total 
aboUtion  of  the  judicial  fimction. 

The  action  of  the  committee  in  relation  to  injunction  a  dozen 
years  ago  was  approved  by  this  Association.  There  have  been 
hearings  upon  this  bill  before  the  committees  of  Congress.  Mr. 
Harron  of  our  committee  has  appeared  in  behalf  of  the  Associa- 
tion, and  has  pointed  out  some  objections  to  the  bill  introduced 
by  Mr.  Backarack^  which  would  limit  the  power  of  courts  in 
relation  to  injunction,  and  this  committee  has  unanimously  voted 
to  disapprove  the  bill.  Information  as  to  this  vote  has  been 
presented  to  the  Judiciary  Committee,  which  has  the  matter 
under  consideration. 

In  connection  with  the  subject  of  injunction,  the  Section 
dealing  with  the  Law  of  Public  Utilities,  during  a  session  of  this 
Association,  has  adopted  a  series  of  resolutions,  and  the  members 
of  that  committee  have  handed  me  these  resolutions,  requesting 
that  I  read  them  in  connection  with  the  report  of  the  Conmiittee 
on  Jurisprudence  and  Law  Reform.  They  relate  to  a  special 
phase  of  the  subject,  but  they  are  germane  to  the  general  subject, 
relating  only  to  Public  Utilities,  nevertheless,  they  have  a  con- 
nection which  is  obvious. 

Resolved,  That  the  Section  on  Public  Utility  Law  of  the  American 
Bar  Association  hereby  expresses  the  emphatic  opposition  of  its  mem- 
bership to  the  Backarack  bill  now  pending  in  Congress,  and  to  any 
similar  legislation,  designed  to  limit  or  destroy,  as  to  any  particulso* 
class  of  litigants  or  rights,  the  present  equitable  powers  of  the  federal 
courts,  to  enforce  the  guaranties  of  the  federal  constitution  for  the 
protection  of  person  andf  property; 

Resolved,  further,  That  the  Section  ask  its  Chairman,  in  its  report  to 
the  Association,  to  present,  at  least  in  outline,  the  considerations  which 
have  been  developed  in  the  discussions  before  the  Section,  as  demon- 
strating the  extreme  unwisdom  of  any  such  radical  curtailment  of  the 
federal  judicial  power; 

Resolved,  further,  Thekt  the  Chairman  of  this  Section  of  the  sub-com- 
mittee, be  enabled,  at  to-day's  session,  or  authorized  in  behalf  of  the 
AaBociation,  to  take  such  further  steps  as  in  their  judgment  may  be 
advisable  to  bring  about  the  endorsement  bv  the  Association  of  the 
actions  of  its  Committee  on  Jurisprudence  and  Law  Reform,  in  actively 
opposing  the  Backarack  Bill,  at  the  present  sessfon  of  Con^press,  and 
also  to  support,  before  the  Association,  any  suitable  resolution  which 
may  be  offered  in  condemnation  of  that  or  similar  legislation. 

The  conamittee  has  dealt  with  the  subject  of  reducing  the 
business  of  the  Supreme  Court.  The  heading  of  this  Section 
report  is,  "Increasing  the  number  of  judges  in  the  Supreme 


JUEPOBTS  OF  OOMMITTBES.  67 

Court/'  I  think  that  is  an  error.  The  committee  has  not  recom- 
mended an  increase  of  the  judges  of  the  Supreme  Court.  On  the 
contrary^  its  consideration  of  the  subject  has  led  it  to  make  recom- 
mendations in  line  with  those  which  were  explained  by  the  Chief 
Justice  this  mornings  in  his  address. 

There  has  been  considerable  complaint  concerning  the  jurisdic- 
tion of  the  federal  courts  in  actions  for  personal  injury  and  other 
torts.  Advantage  has  been  taken  of  various  circumstances  to 
obtain  jurisdiction  under  the  present  provisions  of  the  law  in 
courts  which  are  unsuitable  for  the  trial  of  that  class  of  cases. 
It  has  been  represented  to  us  that  the  defendants  are  frequently 
embarrassed  in  having  to  try  their  cases  in  foreign  jurisdictions, 
in  many  cases  at  a  great  distance  from  places  where  the  witnesses 
may  be  obtained,  and  there  is  no  present  provision  of  the  law  by 
which  the  venue  may  be  changed  into  another  circuit.  Further- 
more, it  has  had  the  result  of  imposing  upon  foreign  jurisdictions 
the  expense  of  trying  cases  which  have  no  business  to  be  there, 
and  which  have  no  natural  connection  with  the  district.  As  the 
result  of  that  the  committee  has  recommended  that  a  bill  be 
passed  by  Congress  which  would  make  the  jurisdiction  of  the 
court  dependent  upon  the  residence  of  the  parties  and  upon  the 
happening  of  the  events  which  led  to  the  litigation.  Substanti- 
ally, gentlemen,  that  is  the  report  which  has  been  made  by  your 
committee,  and  we  recommend  the  adoption  of  these  brief  reso- 
lutions : 

Resolved,  That  this  Association  approve  the  action  of  the  Committee 
on  Jurisprudence  and  Law  Reform,  detailed  in  the  foregoing  report; 

Resolved,  That  this  Association  instructs  the  said  committee  to  con- 
tinue to  promote  the  passage  of  the  bills  mentioned  in  such  report 
which  have  the  approval  of  said  committee. 

I  offer  those  resolutions  for  adoption. 

The  President: 

Is  it  desired  that  they  be  separated,  or  is  it  the  desire  of  the 
Association  that  they  be  considered  together?  If  there  are  no 
objections,  the  resolutions  will  be  considered  together. 

F.  M.  Oliver,  of  Georgia: 

I  have  listened  attentively  to  the  report^  and  I  feel  that  I  did 
not  catch  the  substance  of  the  report  relative  to  costs  of  appeal 
in  the  federal  courts.    Personally,  I  would  like  to  know  if  the 


68  AMEBICAN   BAR  ASSOCIATION. 

committee^  in  its  printed  report^  has  suggested  a  means  by  which 
those  costs  may  be  reduced. 

H.  W.  Taf t : 

There  is  a  paragraph  which  deals  with  that  particular  subject. 
It  is  inconclusive,  so  far  as  the  recommendation  of  any  remedy 
is  concerned,  and  merely  states  that  the  committee  is  clearly  of 
the  opinion  that  the  subject-matter  does  require  attention,  as 
Senator  Norris,  in  his  speech  said.  The  committee,  however, 
reports  a  bill  to  diminish  the  expenses  of  proceedings  on  appeal 
and  writs  of  error  that  was  proposed  by  the  committee,  and  recom- 
mended by  the  Association  in  1909,  and  again  in  1910.  This 
bill  was  amended  in  Congress  and  that  is  the  difficulty,  because, 
in  its  amended  form,  it  was  passed,  and  the  Attorney-General,  in 
his  last  report,  at  page  4,  has  stated  that  the  language  of  that 
act,  as  it  was  amended  by  Congress,  was  ambiguous,  and  has 
resulted  in  much  confusion  in  the  matter  of  fees  and  other 
charges.  The  Attorney-General  informed  the  committee  that 
Congress  has  attempted  no  action  upon  his  recommendations  for 
the  amendment  of  this  statute.  Your  committee  is  engaged  in 
examining  the  subject,  and  hopes  to  be  able  to  aid  in  eliminating 
the  ambiguity  complained  of. 

Andrew  A.  Bruce,  of  Minnesota : 

I  wish  to  address  myself  briefly  to  the  subject  of  the  injunction. 
I  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  American  Ideals,  and  was 
almost  tempted  to  waste  the  time  of  the  audience  this  morning, 
after  the  presentation  of  the  report,  but  it  seemed  absolutely  un- 
necessary on  account  of  the  unanimity  of  sentiment  that  was 
expressed.  But  it  does  seem  to  me  that  at  that  time  the  question 
might  have  been  considered  perhaps  a  little  more,  and  that  it 
might  have  been  considered  in  connection  with  this  very  question 
of  the  injunction.  It  seemed  to  me  that  the  report  this  morning 
was  simply  a  report  which  advocated  the  propaganda  of  American- 
ism, as  opposed  to  the  propaganda  of  the  soap-box,  of  the  parlor 
socialist,  and  of  the  misguided  idealist,  and  that  it  is  about  time 
in  America  that  we  faced  the  issues  and  that  we  realized  that  we 
are  coming  pretty  nearly  to  the  jumping  oflf  place  of  government. 
I  have  had  occasion  myself,  when  I  happened  to  be  on  the  Bench, 
and  when  a  decree  was  issued  by  the  court  which  was  unpopular 


BBP0RT8  OF   COMMITTEES.  69 

I 

politically^  to  face  a  man  who  suggested  that  the  decree  would 
not  he  obeyed,  because  the  other  side  had  twenty  or  thirty  thou- 
sand majority.  And  when  we  come  to  the  injunction,  we  realize 
every  time  that  it  is  a  question  of  whether  the  rank  and  file  of 
the  American  people  will  stand  back  of  that  injunction.  In 
Europe  we  fought  for  a  government  of  law  among  nations,  as 
opposed  to  the  government  of  the  temporary  majority,  or  the  well- 
organized  minority.  We  asserted  the  fact  that  a  treaty  of  inter- 
national law  was  supreme,  even  though  the  minority  was  organized 
and  had  the  heaviest  battalions.  The  great  victory  of  the  World 
War  was  the  demonstration  of  the  fact  that  the  great  unorganized 
majority^  the  unorganized  military  of  England,  with  its  little 
army  of  150,000  men,  the  great  unorganized  democracy  of 
America,  could,  as  a  matter  of  lafit  resort,  when  forced  to  the 
issue,  organize  and  overcome  the  militant  and  the  lawless  mi- 
nority. That  is  the  issue  in  every  question.  I  think  we  hardly 
realize  the  seriousness  of  it.  When  Judge  Anderson  issued  his 
injunctions  recently,  in  the  last  coal  strike,  fortunately,  the  labor 
men  had  the  common-sense  to  bow  to  the  decree  of  the  court, 
but  what  would  have  happened  if  they  had  refused  to  obey?  In 
every  case  we  come  to  the  question  of  whether  the  law-abiding 
sense  of  the  community  is  strong  enough  to  enforce  the  law.  Our 
Supreme  Court  decides  issues  between  sovereign  states,  questions 
that  in  Europe  would  mean  civil  war,  and  yet  somebody  has 
said  that  all  the  Supreme  Court  has  to  enforce  its  decrees  with 
is  a  female  stenographer,  and  a  one-legged  bailiff.  But  after 
all,  we  enforce  them,  because  of  the  sense  of  law  and  order  that 
is  in  the  community,  the  realization  that,  after  all,  back  of  these 
decrees  of  the  court,  are  the  arms,  the  hands,  the  bayonets,  if 
necessary,  of  the  great,  unorganized  people.  The  whole  thing  is 
a  question  of  a  governme*nt  of  law.  Back  of  a  government  of  law 
must  be  the  unorganized  might  of  the  people.  In  order  to  have 
the  unorganized  might  of  the  people,  you  must  have  a  belief  in 
the  law,  a  belief  in  American  institutions,  a  belief  in  America 
itself.  And  this  whole  question  comes  right  down  to  the  one 
question,  whether  we  in  America  really  believe  in  American  insti- 
tutions, or  whether  we  do  not.  We  have  in  America  fifty  million 
foreign  bom,  or  the  children  of  foreign  bom.  We  have  in 
America,  I  believe,  almost  sixty  million  of  the  grandchildren  of 


70  AKERIOAK  BAB  ASSOGIATIOK. 

the  foreign  bom.  I  am  not  sneering  at  the  foreign,  I  am 
one  myself,  but  I  am  enough  of  a  foreign-bom  man  to  realize 
how  difficult  it  is  for  a  foreign-born  to  understand  America. 
I  had  that  difficulty  myself.  Born  in  the  old  world,  in  the 
traditions  of  the  old  world,  proud  of  my  ancestors,  proud  of 
the  past,  how  difficidt  it  was,  really  to  become  an  American, 
really  to  visualize  the  vision  of  America,  really  to  see  what 
America  was  I  That  magnificent  vision  of  a  nation  stretching 
from  ocean  to  ocean,  composed  of  millions  of  the  foreign-bom, 
classes  who  in  Europe  would  not  associate,  nations  who  in  Europe, 
through  the  centuries,  have  been  at  war,  building  together  a  great 
cosmopolitan  civilization,  because  they  have  grasped  the  idea  of 
the  fatherhood  of  God  and  the  brotherhood  of  man,  of  real  liberty, 
and  yet  grasping  the  great  idea  that,  after  all,  even  the  firma- 
ment is  built  on  order,  and  even  the  stars  of  heaven  march  in 
time.  America!  We  have  got  to  have  faith  in  America,  we 
have  got  to  realize  the  fact  that  after  all  a  government  of  law 
is  absolutely  necessary  to  America.  And  the  trouble  today,  as 
I  say,  in  every  injunction,  is  that  one  question,  what  is  the  senti- 
ment of  the  people? 

We  need  propaganda,  that  is  what  we  need,  in  order  to  enforce 
injunctions  and  the  government  by  law.  The  trouble  in  America 
today  is  that  we  have  left  it  to  the  soap-box  orator,  to  the  socialist 
and  to  the  idealist,  who  does  not  know  anything  of  practical  life, 
very  often  to  preach  the  gospel ;  we  have  left  him  the  whole  field. 
We  have  not  spread  the  gospel  ourselves.  Thousands  of  our 
foreign-bom,  thousands  of  our  men  themselves,  have  mistaken 
ideas,  have  the  idea  that  civilization  was  born  yesterday  at  ten 
o'clock  in  the  morning.  Anything  that  is  new  appeals  to  them, 
any  change  in  American  institutions  appeals  to  them.  We  must 
realize,  and  we  must  teach  America,  if  we  want  to  get  these 
injunctions  obeyed,  the  real  conception  of  America, — that  Ameri- 
ca is  not  a  nation,  it  is  a  nation  of  nations;  that  back  of  the 
Constitution  of  America  is  not  the  work  of  a  single  moment; 
that  the  courts  of  America,  when  they  are  enforcing  the  Consti- 
tution, enforcing  the  established  law,  are  not  despots,  that  they 
are  doing  their  best  to  be  democratic,  trying  to  enforce  a  consti- 
tution which  ifi  the  work  of  all  of  the  people,  and  the  safeguard 


REPORTS  OP   00MMITTBE8.  71 

of  all  of  the  people ;  that  we  are  the  inheritors  of  the  ages^  and  that 
back  of  the  American  Constitution^  back  of  all  laws  that  we  haye 
today,  back  of  all  of  the  liberties  that  we  enjoy,  back  of  all  that 
magnificent  comradeship  which  makes  America,  are  these  strug- 
gles of  the  ages  and  of  the  centuries  in  every  land  and  in  every 
clime  from  which  we  have  taken  our  people.  That  back  of  it  is 
the  scaffold  and  gibbet,  back  of  it  are  the  fires  of  persecution. 
It  seems  to  me  that  we  want  to  go  firmly  on  record  in  regard  to 
thi£  injunction,  we  must  express  our  faith  in  the  administra- 
tion of  the  law  by  the  courts.  I  say  we  need,  above  all  things,  to 
spread  abroad  the  propaganda  of  America.  We  are  facing  the 
issue — ^the  jumping  off  place  of  government — and  we  must  take 
the  responsibility. 

Harvey  F.  Smith,  of  West  Virginia : 

I  do  not  believe  we  are  near  the  jumping  off  place.  I  live  in 
the  hills  of  West  Virginia  where,  upon  one  street  car,  we  may  hear 
six  to  twelve  languages,  but  there  is  not  in  this  country  a  place 
large  enough  for  a  decent  city  truck  patch  where,  when  the  final 
hour  comes,  people  will  not  rally  to  the  support  of  the  courts, 
whether  they  be  municipal,  state  or  federal.  We  should  not  send 
out  such  messages,  we  should  not  tell  the  newspapers  that  we 
are  near  the  jumping  off  place,  for  this  country  is  the  bulwark  of 
democratic  government.  There  are,  my  fellow  lawyers,  no  places 
of  substantial  danger  in  this  country.  These  are  isolated  spots 
where  soap-box  orators  protest,  and  we,  as  lawyers,  as  the  greatest 
body  of  patriots,  should  not  dignify  their  statements  in  this  con- 
vention in  that  manner.  I  protest.  We  are  not  near  the  jumping 
off  place.  We  have  gone  through  a  great  crisis,  but  we  have 
demonstrated  to  the  world  our  courage,  our  decision  and  the 
permanence  of  our  system  of  government  and  the  almost  universal 
determination  of  our  people  to  perpetuate  and  to  sustain  that 
system. 

H.  W.  Taft : 

Mr.  President,  the  gentlemen  have  approached  a  consideration 
of  the  general  subject  and  as  I  understand  their  argument  they 
are  both  in  favor  of  the  adoption  of  the  report  of  the  committee. 


72  AMSRICAN  BAR  ASSOCIATION. 

The  President : 

All  in  favor  of  the  adoption  of  the  report  will  say  aye,  opposed, 
no.    The  ayes  have  it,  the  report  is  adopted. 
(See  Report^  page  S66.) 

Section  of  Public  Utility  Law : 

Charles  R.  Brock,  of  Colorado : 

In  view  of  the  action  which  has  just  been  taken,  it  is  only 
necessary  for  me  to  say,  on  behalf  of  the  Section  of  Public  Utility 
Law,  that  the  program  as  printed  was  carried  out  with  the  ex- 
ception of  an  address  scheduled  to  be  delivered  by  the  President. 
An  interesting  report  was  made  by  the  Secretary,  most  interesting 
papers  were  read  and  those  papers  were  of  such  interest  that  the 
Section  believes  that  all  of  you  ought  to  have  the  advantage  of 
our  proceedings,  and,  accordingly,  a  resolution  was  prepared 
requesting  the  Executive  Committee  to  print  the  addresses  and 
the  report  of  the  Secretary  in  the  annual  report. 

The  President: 

As  I  understand  it,  the  report  requires  no  action  and  will  bo 
received  and  filed. 

The  Association  took  a  recess  until  8  P.  M. 


Sixth  Session. 

Thursday,  August  10,  1922,  8  P.  M. 

The  President : 

It  is  a  matter  of  sincere  regret  to  the  local  committee,  and  to 
the  officials  of  the  Bar  Association,  that  we  are  unable  to  have, 
tonight,  a  larger  hall,  but  it  is  impossible  and  the  management 
of  this  hall  has  been  very  kind.  They  have  put  in  several  hun- 
dred more  seats  so  that  we  have  an  audience  now  that  anywhere, 
except  in  San  Francisco,  and  for  any  meeting  of  the  Bar  Asso- 
ciation except  the  one  in  San  Francisco,  would  be  a  record- 
breaker.  But  that  is  not  entirely  due  to  the  attractions  of  the 
Bar  Association.  We  are  not  in  the  habit  of  having  the  second 
officer  of  the  government  present  at  our  meetings.    This  evening 


REPORTS  OF   COHMITTBBS.  73 

will  be  deyoted,  first,  to  the  address  to  which  you  will  listen, 
and,  second^  to  the  report  of  the  Committee  on  Law  Enforce- 
ment. It  seemed  to  the  committee  in  making  up  the  program  for 
this  meeting  that  it  was  peculiarly  suitable  that,  at  a  time  when 
the  Association  is  to  consider  the  subject  of  law  enforcement  in 
the  face  of  the  crime  wave  which  has  been  going  over  this 
country  for  sometime  past,  the  report  of  the  committee  should 
be  preceded  by  an  address  of  the  man  who  announced,  as  gqod 
American  doctrine,  that  there  is  no  right  to  strike  against  the 
public  safety  by  anybody,  anywhere,  anytime.  That  language 
is  quoted  from  the  message  signed  by  the  then  Governor  of  the 
State  of  Massachusetts,  now  the  Vice-President  of  the  United 
States,  whom  I  have  the  honor  to  introduce. 

Calvin  Coolidge,  Vice-President  of  the  United  States,  then 
delivered  his  address. 

(See  Address,  page  270.) 

Committee  on  Law  Enforcement. 

W.  B.  Swaney,  of  Tennessee : 

Our  committee  has  requested  Governor  Whitman,  of  New 
York,  who  has  a  splendid  voice,  to  read  the  report  so  that  you 
can  thoroughly  understand  it.  This  report  was  not  printed  in 
time  for  general  distribution.  For  that  reason  we  ask  your 
careful  attention  to  it  on  account  of  its  great  importance. 

The  President : 

Ladies  and  gentlemen,  this  report  will  be  read  by  a  member 
of  this  committee  whom  you  all  know  as  a  man  who  enforced  the 
law  against  the  gunmen  and  others  in  New  York  City. 

Charles  S.  Whitman,  of  New  York,  read  the  report  of  the 
Committee  on  Law  Enforcement. 
{See  Report  J  page  Jt2^,) 

Mr.  Whitman : 

Mr.  President,  I  submit  the  report  of  the  committee  and  move 
its  adoption. 

The  motion  was  seconded. 


74  AKERICAN  BAB  ASSOCIATION. 

Nathan  William  MacChesney,  of  Illinois: 

I  would  like  to  ask  the  Chairman  of  the  committee  if  the 
committee  quoted  the  excerpt  from  the  report  of  Doctor  Adier 
with  his  approval? 

Mr.  Whitman : 

We  had  Doctor  Adler's  assistant  appear  hefore  us  and  the 
information  was  given  us  in  detail  on  diagrams  by  his  assistant. 
D6ctor  Adler  was  ill  at  the  time  and  was  not  present. 

Mr.  MacChesney: 

That  particular  item  of  Doctor  Adler's  report  has  been  dis- 
cussed heretofore,  and  while  I  could  not  determine  exactly 
whether  the  committee  report  carried  an  endorsement  of  it  or 
not,  I  did  not  think  that  this  Association  should  endorse  that 
statement.  Perhaps  I  came  in  contact  with  the  quality  of  the 
intelligence  of  the  average  enlisted  man  more  than  most  men 
came  in  contact  with  it.  But,  these  so-called  intelligence  tests 
often  determine  the  agility  of  a  man  without  determining  his 
intelligence,  and  to  state  that  an  average  inmate  of  the  criminal 
institutions  of  the  State  of  Michigan,  or  any  other  state,  has  the 
same  average  of  intelligence  as  the  average  enlisted  man  of  the 
late  war  is  an  insult  to  the  American  Army  and  is  not  true.  I 
have  seen  some  of  these  tests  applied.  I  remember  one  of  these 
tests  was  applied  in  my  own  city  where  one  of  the  most  dis- 
tinguished legal  scholars  in  this  country,  and  a  bishop  of  the 
Episcopal  Church,  now  on  the  Pacific  Coast — both  of  them  took 
the  test,  and  both  of  them  failed  on  the  ten-year  old  test.  I  am 
not  trying  to  discredit  the  test,  I  am  merely  saying  that  any 
general  conclusion  based  on  such  a  test,  and  currency  given  to 
such  conclusion  is  unfair,  and  I  hope  the  committee,  by  the 
presentation  of  this  very  splendid  and  unusually  carefully  pre- 
pared report,  will  not  be  taken  to  have  endorsed  that  statement. 

C.  S.  Whitman: 

I  am  perfectly  willing  to  answer  that.  Of  course,  this  involves 
AO  moral  test.  The  statements  were  made  before  our  committee, 
both  pro  and  con,  that  the  average  prisoner  was  mentally  defi- 
cient. I  have  not  any  hesitancy  for  myself,  from  my  own 
experience,  in  stating  to  you  and  to  this  audience  that,  as  far  as 


BBP0BT8  OF  OOKlflTTKBS.  75 

the  mentality  and  the  ability  to  distinguish  between  right  and 
wrong  is  concerned,  I  believe  the  intelligence  of  the  average 
prisoner  before  the  Bar  where  I  prosecnted  in  New  York  City 
is  fully  np  to  the  average  intelligence  of  this  audience  tonight. 
I  am  not  speaking  of  the  moral  qualities  at  all.  I  agree  with 
you  entirely  and,  of  course,  we  don't  endorse,  necessarily,  any 
of  the  testimony  that  is  presented.  Doctor  Adler  made  this 
observation,  as  his  representative  stated,  after  nearly  a  year's 
investigation.  It  was  simply  an  answer  to  the  statement  made 
before  onr  committee  by  another  distinguished  psychologist, 
that  every  criminal  was  mentally  deficient.  Both  statements 
were  made,  ladies  and  gentlemen,  and  it  is  within  the  province 
of  the  American  Bar  Association  to  accept  either  one.  We  do 
•  not  endorse  either  one,  necessarily,  of  conrse,  but  that  is  the 
evidence  before  this  committee,  but  I  am  perfectly  willing  to 
testify  as  an  expert  on  that  subject  myself. 

Mr.  MacChesney: 

There  are  two  other  points  in  the  report  to  which  I  would 
like  to  direct  attention.  The  second  one  of  them  is  that  with 
reference  to  the  molly-coddling  of  criminals.  On  that  subject 
the  Bockefeller  Foundation  has  recently  appropriated  a  consid- 
erable sum  of  money  to  investigate  what  some  of  the  underlying 
causes  of  the  present  crime  wave  are.  If  the  word  "  criminal " 
is  nsed  in  a  technical  sense,  meaning  the  treatment  of  the  men 
after  conviction,  I  take  the  liberty  of  diflfering  from  the  dis- 
tinguished committee.  It  seems  to  me  that  what  is  needed  is  the 
quick  apprehension  of  criminals,  and  the  vigorous  prosecution  of 
them,  such  as  was  given  by  Whitman  of  New  York  when  he  was 
in  oflSce,  and  I  hope  that  the  statement  of  the  committee  will 
not  tend  to  retard  the  growing  feeling  that  the  treatment  of 
y  criminals,  in  the  case  of  convicted  men  in  institutions  after 

conviction,  should  not  be  any  more  severe  than  it  has  been,  for  it 
has  taken  a  long  process  of  public  education  to  get  attention 
given  to  men  within  the  custody  of  our  institutions.  And  I 
take  it  that  the  molly-coddling  of  criminals  spoken  of  in  the 
report  refers  to  the  haphazard  and  sentimental  way  in  which  the 
apprehension  and  prosecution  of  them  is  dealt  with,  rather  than 
the  molly-coddling  of  the  criminals  after  they  have  been  con- 


76  AMERICAN  BAB  ASSOCIATION. 

victed.  And  a  third  point  to  which  I  desire  to  call  attention 
is  the  reference  in  the  report  with  respect  to  indeterminate  sen* 
tence.  The  committee  unqualifiedly  recommends  that  the  parole 
or  probation  shall  not  apply  to  second  offenders.  I  desire  to  call 
attention  to  the  fact,  as  no  one  knows  better  than  the  distinguished 
gentleman  who  read  the  report^  that  men  are  sometimes  convicted 
under  conditions  which  later  make  it  seem  wise  that  they  should 
be  paroled,  and  that  in  some  of  our  states  attempted  rape-— ex- 
tremely diflBcult  to  prove— constitutes  rape,  so  that  such  a  crime 
ought  not  to  be  brought  within  the  purview  of  that  resolution.  I 
hope  that  the  committee  will  not  make  an  unqualified  recom- 
mendation that  these  laws  shall  apply  in  all  cases  only  to  first 
offenders  because  there  are  cases  where  they  should  likewise 
apply  to  second  offenders,  where  the  first  may  have  been  a  minor 
crime.  It  was  stated  by  the  committee,  I  believe,  that  they 
should  not  apply  at  all  to  those  guilty  of  these  four  crimes 
when,  in  fact,  there  are  occasions  when  they  might,  with  good 
judgment,  well  be  applied,  and  I  have  no  doubt  have  been  under 
the  distinguished  gentleman  who  spoke,  were  applied  in  his 
State  of  New  York.  I  would  be  glad  to  hear  from  the  conMnittee 
on  those  two  further  suggestions. 

Mr.  Swaney: 

Of  course,  we  made  this  report  with  the  greatest  deliberation 
and  we  propose  to  stand  by  it.  And,  in  addition  to  that,  there 
is  a  power  reserved  and  placed  in  our  Constitution  for  mistakes, 
misfortunes  and  miscarriages  of  justice.  The  governor  has  the 
power  to  pardon,  and  I  take  it  in  the  case  referred  to  by  the 
gentleman,  the  governor  would  be  the  proper  authority.  These 
boards  rob  the  governor  of  his  constitutional  power,  and  they 
are  enforced  in  such  a  way  as  simply  to  make  the  administration 
of  the  law  a  jest. 

The  President: 

The  question  then  recurs  upon  the  motion  of  the  gentleman 
from  N*ew  York  that  the  committee  report,  including  its  recom- 
mendation, be  approved  and  adopted.  All  in  favor  of  that 
motion  will  say  aye.  Opposed,  no.  I  think  I  am  safe  in  sayini? 
that  the  motion  is  carried  and  it  is  carried. 

Adjourned  until  Friday,  August  11,  10  A.  M. 


\ 


addbe88  of  nicholas  mubray  butler.  77 

Sbybnth  Session. 

Friday,  August  11,  1922,  10  A.  M. 
The  meeting  was  called  to  order  by  Hugh  Henry  Brown,  of 
Tonopah,  Nevada,  at  10  A.  M.,  in  the  Native  Sons  Hall. 

The  Secretary : 

I  call  your  attention  to  the  motor  trip  this  afternoon  at  two 
o'clock.  The  busses  will  leave  from  the  Montgomery  Street 
entrance  of  the  Palace  Hotel. 

The  Treasurer  asks  me  to  call  your  attention  to  the  dinner 
tickets,  which  on  their  face  give  you  instructions  as  ^p  how  they 
shall  be  exchanged  for  place  cards,  between  6.30  and  7  o'clock 
tonight  at  the  grill  room  of  the  Palace  Hotel. 

We  have  here  applications  from  ninety  members  of  the  Bar, 
duly  certified  by  their  respective  Local  Council,  and  approved 
by  the  General  Council  of  the  Association,  and  recommended  to 
this  body  for  election  to  membership.  They  are  all  duly  certified 
in  accordance  with  the  Constitution.    I  move  their  election. 

The  motion  was  seconded  and  carried. 

Charles  A.  Boston,  of  New  York; 

On  behalf  of  the  Council  of  the  Conference  of  Delegates  from 
state  and  local  bar  associations,  I  would  like  to  announce  that 
an  adjourned  meeting  of  that  Council  will  be  held  in  a  room 
upstairs  in  this  building  on  the  next  floor,  immediately  after 
the  close  of  Dr.  Butler's  address  this  morning,  and  I  hope  that 
every  member  of  the  Council  will  be  present. 

The  Secretary: 

May  I  also  call  attention,  Mr.  Chairman,  to  the  fact  that  tiie 
new  Executive  Committee  to  be  elected  at  this  session  will  meet 
at  two  o^clock,  at  room  2022  of  the  Palace  Hotel,  and  that 
chairmen  of  sections  or  conmiittees  desiring  at  this  meeting  to 
make  application  for  appropriations  for  their  respective  sections 
or  committees  during  the  coming  year,  may  appear  before  the 
Executive  Committee  at  that  time  and  place. 

Chairman  Brown: 

The  subject  for  this  morning's  address  is  ^*  Preliminary  Edu- 
cation for  Lawyers."  I  have  the  honor  to  present  Nicholas 
Murray  Butler,  of  New  York. 


78  AKBBIOAN   BAR  AS800IATI0N. 

Dr.  Butler  then  delivered  his  address. 
{For  Address,  see  page  278. ) 

Chairman  Brown : 

President  Severance  will  now  assume  the  Chair. 

The  President: 

I  will  recognize  the  Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States. 

Chief  Justice  Taf  t : 

I  rise  to  make  a  motion :  That  the  American  Bar  Association 
extend  a  fbrmal  invitation  to  Viscount  Birkenhead,  Lord  Chan- 
cellor  of  England,  to  become  the  guest  of  this  Association  and 
visit  the  Association  upon  the  occasion  of  the  next  annual  meet- 
ing, to  be  held  at  a  place  to  be  determined  by  the  Executive 
Committee. 

The  motion  was  seconded  from  the  floor. 

The  President : 

You  have  heard  the  motion  of  the  Chief  Justice,  which  is,  as 
the  Chair  understands  it,  that  a  cordial  invitation  be  extended 
to  Viscount  Birkenhead,  the  Lord  Chancellor  of  England,  to 
be  the  guest  of  the  Association  at  the  next  annual  meeting  of 
the  Association  in  1923.  All  in  favor  of  that  motion  will  rise. 
You  may  be  seated.  All  opposed  may  arise.  It  is  unanimously 
adopted. 

Is  Mr.  John  B.  M.  Baxter,  of  Nova  Scotia,  in  the  room? 
Mr.  Baxter,  your  presence  is  desired  on  the  platform.  I  am  not 
going  to  call  on  our  guest  from  Nova  Scotia  to  speak  now, 
gentlemen,  as  you  will  hear  from  him  tonight.  I  will  simply 
state  for  your  information,  if  any  of  you  happen  to  be  ignorant 
of  the  fact,  that  Mr.  Baxter  is  here  as  the  duly  accredited, 
and  much  beloved  representative  of  the  Canadian  Bar. 

We  will  now  listen  to  a  report  of  the  Executive  Committee. 

The  Secretary: 

By  authority  of  the  Executive  Committee,  the  following 
resolution  is  recommended  to  the  Association  for  adoption: 

Whebbas,  a  proposition  is  being  urged  upon  the  people  of  the  United 
States  to  paas  an  amendent  to  the  Federal  Constitution,  under  the 


BHPOBTS  OF   COMMITTEES.  79 

terms  of  which  the  courts  shall  be  deprived  of  their  power  finally  to 
decide  as  to  the  constitutionality  of  legislative  enactments,  by  giving 
to  the  Congress  the  power  to  annul  or  veto  any  decision  of  the  Federal 
Supreme  Court  declaring  a  Federal  Statute  unconstitutional,  or  by 
making  aiw  such  judicial  decision  subject  to  recall  by  legislative  or 
popular  referendum;  now,  therefore,  be  it 

Resolved,  Bjr  the  American  Bar  Association,  that  we  express  our  un- 
qualified opposition  to  such  constitutional  amendment,  or  to  any  amend- 
ment of  similar  character,  as  a  most  dangerous  menace  to  our  American 
Government  and  to  American  institutions. 

I  move  the  adoption  of  the  resolution,  Mr.  Chairman. 

The  motion  was  seconded  from  the  floor  and  unanimously 
adopted. 

Membenhip  Committee: 

Frederick  E.  Wadhams,  of  New  York,  submitted  a  report 
on  behalf  of  the  Membership  Committee. 
{See  Report,  page  S89,) 

The  President: 

The  report  requiring  no  action,  it  will  be  placed  on  file. 

Committee  on  Admiralty  and  Maritime  Law: 

E.  J.  McCutchen,  of  California : 

In  the  absence  of  Mr.  Hughes,  the  Chairman  of  this  com- 
mittee, I  have  been  reqiiested  to  present  the  committee's  report. 
Under  the  By-Laws,  it  is  not  appropriate,  as  I  understand,  to 
refer  to  any  portion  of  this  report,  except  a  recommendation 
contained  in  it,  which  is  that  the  Association  approve  a  bill 
pending  in  the  House  of  Representatives,  by  which  it  is  pro- 
vided that  suit  may  be  brought  in  admiralty  against  the  United 
States,  in  order  to  enforce  rights  growing  out  of  collisions  be- 
tween war  and  navy  vessels  of  the  United  States  and  vessels 
privately  owned,  and  in  order  to  enforce  claims  for  salvage 
service.  Under  the  law  as  it  now  exists,  no  such  suit  can  be 
brought.  The  report  of  the  committee  states  that  suits  of  this 
nature  may  be  brought  in  the  maritime  nations  of  Europe  and 
in  Qreat  Britain.  Under  present  conditions,  should  a  claiih 
of  this  nature  arise,  in  order  that  it  may  be  enforced,  it  is 
necessary  that  a  special  act  of  Congress  be  first  passed,  and  of 


80  AMBRICAN   BAR  ASSOGUTION. 

course  we  all  know  how  difficult  it  is  to  secure  the  passage  of 
such  an  act.  The  report  of  the  committee  recommends  that  the 
Association  approve  the  bill,  and  authorize  the  committee  to  urge 
its  passage  before  Congress.    I  move  that  this  report  be  adopted. 

The  motion  was  seconded  and  carried. 
(See  Report,  page  367*) 

Committee  on  Noteworthy  Changes  in  Statute  Law: 

William  Marshall  Bullitt,  of  Kentucky : 

The  Committee  on  Noteworthy  Changes  in  Statute  Law  begs  to 
report  that  the  work  of  the  committee  is  progressing,  but  that, 
owing  to  the  very  late  date  at  which  the  printed  acts  of  the 
Legislatures  have  been  submitted  to  the  committee,  it  has  been 
impossible  to  prepare  a  report  at  this  time.  But  it  is  hoped  and 
expected  that  such  a  report  will  be  included  in  the  printed  pro- 
ceedings. 

The  President : 

Is  there  any  objection  to  the  approval  of  this?  If  not,  it  will 
stand  approved. 

Committee  on  Uniform  Judicial  Procedure: 

Thomas  W.  Shelton,  of  Virginia : 

This  committee  is  one  that  needs  to  become  very  close  to  the 
members  of  this  organization,  in  order  that  we  may  move  as  we 
should.  It  was  with  a  great  deal  of  pleasure  and  gratification  that 
we  of  the  committee  noticed  how  closely  the  members  of  the 
Association  listened  to  the  Chief  Justice  in  his  address  about 
reform  of  procedure  of  the  courts.  In  order  to  carry  out  his 
program,  and  the  program  for  which  we  have  been  laboring  for 
about  fifteen  or  sixteen  years,  it  is  absolutely  essential  to  have 
certain  legislation,  though  it  is  very  simple  legislation.  It  is, 
however,  the  most  difficult  thing  on  the  face  of  the  earth  to  move 
Congress,  not  that  they  are  not  in  favor  of  such  legislation,  be- 
cause we  know  better,  we  know  that  both  the  Senate  and  the  House 
are,  by  a  very  large  majority,  in  favor  of  this  matter.    But,  for 


BBPOBIS  OF  GOKHirms.  81 

some  curiouB  reason  which  no  human  being  has  eyer  been  able  to 
understand,  two  or  three,  or  not  over  four,  Senators  of  the  United 
States  are  able  to  control  the  legislation  concerning  this  matter, 
to  the  extent  that  they  have  absolutely  prevented  a  report  being 
made  from  the  Judiciary  Committee  of  the  Senate.  There  was 
one  time  that  we  were  able  to  get  a  favorable  report  from  the 
Senate  Judiciary  Committee  on  the  matt^,  but  we  got  it  out  of 
con^mittee  too  late  to  get  it  acted  upon  on  the  floor  of  the  Senate. 

That  ifi  the  exact  status  of  our  work.  The  business  of  this 
committee  and  the  object  of  this  committee  in  this  regard  is  to 
try  to  move  Congress  to  action  upon  the  subject.  We  became 
satisfied  that  we  could  not  do  it  without  your  help  as  an  Associa- 
tion.   With  your  help,  we  can  do  it. 

We  are  going  to  make  this  suggestion,  that  you  will  take  up 
the  resolution  which  the  Executive  Committee  of  this  Bar  Asso- 
ciation adopted  at  Tampa,  in  January  last,  in  which,  while  they 
did  not  exactly  censure  the  Senate  Committee,  because  they  felt 
that  that  would  perhaps  be  lise-majeste,  they  suggested  to  them 
that  they  have  been  very  disrespectful  to  the  American  Bar  Asso- 
ciation, and  had  been  lacking  in  common  respect  for  the  great 
majority  of  the  people  of  this  country,  who  wanted  the  thing  done 
that  had  been  endorsed  by  Mr.  Taft  when  he  was  President  of 
the  United  States,  and  now  has  been  endorsed  here  by  him  in 
a  complete  program. 

That  is  the  matter  we  have  before  you  today.  And  as  Chair- 
man of  our  committee,  I  want  to  ask  you  individually,  that  you 
get  into  close  contact  with  your  two  senators  and  your  members 
of  the  lower  House,  and  see  that  they  understand  that  what  we 
want  is  to  get  this  matter  reported  out,  even  though  the  particular 
individual  may  be  opposed  to  it.  A  great  senator  from  this  state, 
whom  we  look  up  to  with  respect,  is  opposed  to  it.  And,  as  T 
say,  the  matter  has  been  held  in  committee  and  not  reported  out. 
We  have  thought  that  it  is  just  possible  that  if  enough  pressure 
is  brought  to  bear  upon  these  senators,  particularly,  who  want  to 
hold  the  matter  in  committee,  we  might  be  successful  in  getting 
it  out,  and  I  feel  satisfied  that  its  passage  would  be  assured. 

We  have  two  or  three  motions  to  put  before  you,  but  before 
doing  that,  I  want  to  get  clearly  before  you  just  what  the  com- 
mittee is  trying  to  do.    The  bill  before  Congress  is  nothing  more 


82  AMBBICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 

than  this:  A  bill  to  vest  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States  the  power  to  make  roles  for  the  regulation  of  the  law  side 
of  the  courts  just  as  it  always  has  had  the  power  to  make  rules 
of  practice  for  the  equity  side  of  the  court,  and  of  course  the  ad- 
miralty and  bankruptcy  and  many  others.  That  is  all  there  is 
to  it.  There  will  be  another  bill  introduced,  in  order  to  carry 
out  the  views  that  the  Chief  Justice  suggested  to  you  yesterday, 
because  that,  as  you  of  course  understand,  was  the  ultimate  pur- 
pose, the  obvious  nature  of  the  power  that  should  have  been  vested 
in  the  court.  We  ask  you  to  adopt  three  simple  little  resolutions 
and  continue  the  committee,  and  in  the  third  place  we  ask  that 
there  be  left  to  this  committee  a  resolution  which  you  adopted 
yesterday  supporting  the  Chief  Justice. 

The  motion  was  seconded  and  carried. 
(See  Report,  page  S70.) 

Committee  on  Change  of  Date  of  Presidential  Inauguration : 

The  Secretary  then  read  a  letter  from  William  L.  Putnam 
reporting  progress  and  suggesting  the  continuance  of  the  Com- 
mittee. 

The  President: 

As  I  understand  it,  the  report  merely  asks  that  the  committee  be 
continued,  and  that  the  matter  be  referred  to  it.  If  there  is  no 
objection,  it  will  be  so  ordered.    And  it  is  so  ordered. 

Committee  on  Classification  and  Restatement  of  Law: 

James  D.  Andrews,  of  New  York : 

Mr.  Chairman,  I  have  requested  the  Secretary  of  the  Associa- 
tion to  read  the  resolution,  indicating  the  action  of  the  Executive 
Committee  in  reference  to  this  subject,  and,  after  listening  to 
that,  I  shall  then  present  the  report  of  the  committee  and  its 
recommendations. 

The  President : 

This  report  has  been  printed  for  some  time,  and  I  have  no 
doubt  that  you  have  all  read  it.  It  embodies  the  resolution  which 
has  been  the  subject  of  action  by  the  Executive  Committee. 


BBPOBTS  OF  00MHITTSB8.  83 

The  Secretary  : 

The  resolution  recommended  by  Mr.  Andrews'  committee  is 
on  page  111  of  the  advance  pamphlet,  and  it  is  as  follows : 

Resolved.  That  the  report  of  the  Special  Committee  on  the  Classi- 
fication and  Restatement  of  the  Law  be  received  and  adopted,  and  that 
said  committee  be  continued  and  made  a  standing  committee  of  this 
Association,  and  directed,  in  conjunction  with  the  Executive  Committee, 
to  cooperate  with  the  Committee  of  the  American  Academy  of  Juris- 
prudence in  the  plans  and  work  of  clsjasifying  and  restating  the  law. 

At  the  request  of  Mr.  Andrews,  I  present  this  resolution  of 
the  Executive  Committee  at  this  time,  in  advance  of  his  discussion 
of  the  committee's  report,  so  that  you  may  all  know  of  the  un- 
favorable attitude  of  the  Executive  Committee  toward  the  adop- 
tion of  the  committee's  resolution.  The  Executive  Committee 
recommends  to  the  Association  the  adoption  of  the  following 
substitute  resolution : 

Whereas,  It  is  the  opinion  of  the  Executive  Committee  that  it  is  not 
expedient  for  the  American  Bar  Association  to  endorse  at  this  time  an^ 
specific  plan  or  work  of  classifying  and  restating  the  law,  therefore,  be  it 

Resolved,  That  the  American  Bar  Association  disapproves  of  anfi 
rejects  the  recommendation  and  resolution  as  proposed  by  the  report 
to  be  presented  at  this  meeting  by  the  Special  Committee  on  Classi- 
fication and  Restatement  of  the  Law.'^ 

The  President: 

The  parliamentary  status  of  the  matter  at  the  present  time, 
as  it  appears  to  the  Chair,  is  this :  Mr.  Andrews'  committee  moves 
the  adoption  of  the  resolution  contained  in  the  committee's  report. 
As  a  substitute,  the  Executive  Committee  moves  the  adoption  of 
the  resolution  which  has  just  been  read  by  the  Secretary.  There- 
fore there  is  pending  before  the  house  the  question  of  the  adoptiop 
of  the  substitute  resolution  proposed  by  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee in  the  matter. 

Henry  W.  Taf t,  of  New  York : 

I  move  that  the  action  of  the  Executive  Committee,  be  ratified 
and  adopted  as  the  action  of  the  Association. 

The  President: 

That  is  the  very  motion  that  is  pending  already.  This  was 
put  in  the  form  of  a  substitute  resolution  offered  by  the  Executive 
Committee. 


84  AMERICAN   BAR  ASSOCIATION. 

Mr.  Taft: 

Then  I  second  that  resolution. 

The  President : 

Now  Mr.  Andrews^  you  have  the  floor. 

Mr.  Andrews  : 

I  wish  to  present  to  you  the  action  which  has  been  heretofore 
taken  by  the  American  Bar  Association  and  by  the  Executive 
Committee  of  the  American  Bar  Association,  in  reference  to  this 
matter,  and  then  to  explain  to  you  what  has  been  done  by  this 
Executive  Committee,  and  to  submit  to  you  the  resolution 
embodied  in  the  report — ^mark,  I  say  the  resolution  embodied  ia 
the  report;  the  motion  is  not  that  we  adopt  the  report  in  ioto,  be- 
cause, since  the  report  was  written,  a  different  condition  of 
affairs  has  come  about. 

The  apparent  effect  of  this  substitute  resolution  recommended 
by  the  Executive  Committee  is  to  undo  all  of  the  work  that  has 
been  done  during  the  last  five  years.  I  believe  that  this  Ameri- 
can Bar  Association,  when  it  takes  action,  should  require  sub- 
stantially logical  and  reasonable  cause  for  the  reactionary  step 
that  is  proposed  to  be  taken.  The  matter  of  the  classiflcation  of 
the  law  came  before  this  body  the  first  time  in  1917,  in  a  resolu- 
tion and  a  committee  was  appointed,  of  which  Mr.  Hampton  L. 
Carson  was  the  Chairman.  In  1919,  in  a  very  able  report,  Mr. 
Carson  distinguished  very  clearly  between  the  subject  of  the  clas- 
sification of  the  law  and  restatement  of  the  law  under  that  classi- 
fication, and  he  recommended  that  this  Bar  Association  do  take 
up  the  work  and  continue  the  work  of  the  classification  of  the 
law,  and  leave  the  subject  of  the  restatement  of  the  law  to  a  sub- 
sequent report.  Later  Mr.  Carson  was  elected  President  and 
I  was  then  made  the  Chairman  of  th^  committee.  In  1920,  the 
committed  reported,  offering  this  resolution : 

That  the  report  of  the  Committee  on  Classification  and  Restatement 
be  received  and  adopted,  and  that  said  committee  be  continued,  and 
that  it  be  and  is  hereby  authorized  and  directed,  in  conjunction  with 
the  Executive  Committee,  to  take  such  steps  as  may  be  deemed  neces- 
sary and  expedient  to  co-operate  with  anybody  which  has  for  its  pur- 
pose the  carrying  on  of  the  proposed  work  of  the  classification  and  re- 
statement of  the  law. 


BSPOBTS  OF   GOMMITTBES.  85 

That  committee^  after  colnmentiiig  upon  the  growing  con- 
fusion of  the  law^  and  the  fact  that  there  had  been  no  con- 
certed action  on  the  part  of  any  body  competent  to  do  a  work  of 
that  kind^  stated  its  opinion  to  be  as  follows : 

It  seems,  therefore,  to  your  committee  that  the  drift  of  the  law 
towards  imcertainty,  confusion,  and  variation,  is  progressing,  and  that 
the  time  has  come  to  take  the  necessary  steps  to  inaugurate  an 
organized  and  permanent  effort  to  improve  the  American  legal  system 
in  all  its  parts  and  as  a  whole. 

Now^  the  members  of  the  Committee^  aside  from  the  Chairman, 
were  Adolph  J.  Bodenbeck^  a  gentleman  who  has  had  experience 
in  the  line  of  consolidation  and  restatement  of  the  law  of  the 
State  of  New  York,  on  the  Commission  of  Consobdation  of  the 
Law;  Frederick  W.  Lehmann,  once  the  President  of  this  Associa- 
tion and  a  very  distinguished  lawyer;  Samuel  Williston,  of 
Harvard  University;  David  W.  Amram,  of  Pennsylvania;  Edgar 
A.  Bancroft,  of  Chicago ;  Roscoe  Pound,  then  and  now  Dean  of 
the  Harvard  Law  School ;  Harlan  F.  Stone,  then  the  Dean  of  the 
Law  School  of  Colimibia  University;  and  Edmund  F.  Trabue. 
The  action  of  the  American  Bar  Association  at  that  time  consti- 
tutes the  action  of  this  body. 

Pursuant  to  that  direction,  the  matter  was  subsequently  laid 
before  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  American  Bar  Association, 
and  this  is  the  action  taken  by  the  Executive  Committee  of  the 
American  Bar  Association,  as  appears  from  this  letter  written  to 
me  by  Mr.  Kemp,  under  date  of  April  27,  1921.  (A  letter  from 
the  Secretary  was  then  read  quoting  the  resolutions  approved  by 
the  Executive  Committee  and  heretofore  reported  in  1921  Report 
page  482.) 

These  resolutions  of  the  Executive  Committee  were  in  accor- 
dance with  and  carrying  forward  this  great  work,  and  these  resolu- 
tions distinguish  very  carefully  between  specific  plans  for  classifi- 
cation and  specific  plans  for  organization  for  the  purpose  of 
co-operation.  And  so  far  as  the  opinion  and  action  of  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  at  that  time  is  concerned,  it  is  full  and  conclusive. 

I  wish  to  say  that  the  reference  in  this  letter  to  the  fact  that 
the  resolution  offered  to  them  had  been  modified,  refers  to  the 
proposition,  for  the  first  time  appearing  in  the  plans  for  the 
carrying  out  of  this  work,  of  the  inauguration  of  a  corporation 
to  do  the  business  part  of  the  work,  "  but  that  the  formation  of 


86  AMERICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 

any  corporation  would  be  a  matter  for  individuals  rather  than 
for  this  Association/' 

For  the  purpose  of  carrying  out  the  practical  working  of  a 
systematic  restatement,  a  corporation  called  the  Academy  Pub- 
lishing Company,  was  formed,  and  the  formation  of  that  corpora- 
tion necessitated  the  submission  of  plans  of  action.  In  the  exercise 
of  caution,  and  for  the  purpose  of  securing  the  action  of  a  con- 
servative committee  and  of  keeping  matters  within  limits,  within 
bounds  that  would  be  satisfactory  to  the  Executive  Committee  of 
the  American  Bar  Association,  and  therefore  satisfactory  to  the 
American  Bar,  I  submitted  to  the  Executive  Committee  at  Tampa, 
Florida,  in  January,  last,  a  proposal  that  the  Committee  appoint 
a  sub-committee  to  pass  upon  the  plans  of  organization,  the  man- 
ner in  which  the  stock  of  the  corporation  should  be  trusteed  for 
the  benefit  of  the  American  Bar  Association,  and  to  exercise  their 
censorship  in  whatsoever  way  they  saw  fit. 

Now,  in  order  that  you  may  understand  the  purport  of  this 
proposition,  it  is  this:  The  Bar  Association,  after  having  had 
this  matter  before  it  for  thirty  years  on  and  off,  and  for  four  years 
of  that  time  intensive  and  careful  study  having  been  given  it, 
proposed  this  plan  of  organization.  It  was  proposed  that  this 
business  organization  should  be  incorporated  for  the  purpose,  of 
course,  of  conducting  business  which  this  Association  is  not 
organized  or  adapted  to  conduct.  We  recognize  the  practical 
proposition  that  any  restatement  of  the  law  that  can  be  made 
must  be  made  in  the  shape  of  the  written  page,  and  that  to  carry 
out  the  spirit  of  the  American  Bar,  to  have  a  statement,  a  uniform 
conception,  of  what  our  law  is,  it  must  take  the  form  of  a  complete, 
systematic  restatement  of  the  law.  And  vnth  that  proposition, 
one  hundred  of  the  greatest  jurists  in  this  country,  and  four  or 
five  of  the  greatest  jurists  of  the  world,  have  been  in  entire  accord, 
many  of  them  stating  that  the  primary  benefit  of  this  organiza- 
tion was  not  so  much  a  benefit  to  the  Bar  as  a  great  public  service 
to  the  people,  by  rendering  their  law  certain,  specific,  and 
definite. 

To  that  end,  this  organization  was  devised  for  the  purpose  of 
organizing  and  mobilizing  the  best  brain  power  of  the  members 
of  the  Bar  upon  this  proposition.  To  that  end,  it  was  designed 
that  we  would  organize  and  mobilize  the  resources  of  the  Bar, 


REPORTS  OF   G0MMITTBE8.  87 

financial  and  intellectual^  in  order  that  they  may  exercise,  during 
the  process  of  the  construction  of  the  work  and  before  it  was 
published^  a  censorship^  beneficent,  specific,  and  complete  in 
detail. 

With  that  in  view,  we  have  marched  forward  steadily,  cau- 
tiously, conservatively.  This  sub-committee  of  the  Executive 
Committee  came  to  my  oflBce  in  New  York,  and  by  the  way,  let 
me  go  back  a  moment  and  say  that,  before  Mr.  Carson's  com- 
mittee took  any  action  at  all,  they  employed  a  distinguished 
professor,  whose  name  is  universally  known  here,  Professor 
Edwin  M.  Borchard,  of  Yale,  to  spend  the  time  to  make  a  de- 
tailed examination  of  the,  plans  and  the  material  and  the  sug- 
gestions— ^the  whole  proposition.  Professor  Borchard  spent  two 
weeks,  made  his  report,  and  following  that  was  the  report  of  the 
committee  made  by  Chairman  Carson.  Following  the  meeting 
in  January  of  this  year,  this  sub-committee  came  to  my  oflBce 
for  the  specific  purpose  of  examining  into  whether  or  not  the 
preparation  by  way  of  material,  of  plans  of  classification,  of 
plans  of  organization,  was  rational  and  might  be  with  propriety 
approved,  and  whether  the  trusteeing  of  the  stock  for  the  benefit 
of  the  Jurisprudence  Fund,  which  should  simply  and  perpetu- 
ally and  forever  support  a  continuous  and  uninterrupted  and 
intensive  study  of  this  work  should  be  made.  That  committee 
spent  two  days  in  New  York.  That  committee  expressed  it- 
self at  that  time  as  being  entirely  satisfied  with  the  plans, 
with  the  materials,  and  that  our  preparation  was  adequate, 
the  other  committee  having  reported  that  we  had  a  vast  amount 
of  material  collected  and  arranged  and  organized,  and  that 
we  had  all  the  plans  of  classification  that  had  been  printed 
in  English  collected  for  the  purpose  of  comparison  and  con- 
sideration by  the  committee,  during  the  next  year  which  was 
to  be,  according  to  the  plans,  the  work  of  the  committee^  that 
of  formulating  the  plans.  The  members  of  that  committee,  Mr. 
Brosmith  and  Mr.  Shelton,  not  only  expressed  their  approval, 
but  since  that  time  they  have  written  me  that  their  report  would 
be  a  favorable  one,  but  they  also  signed  the  order  for  a  set  of 
the  books,  according  to  the  plan  upon  which  it  was  based.  I 
was  unable  to  secure  a  copy  of  the  report  which  was  submitted 
by  this  committee  to  the  Executive  Committee,  and  I  observed 


88  AMEHIOAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 

in  the  reading  of  the  proceedings  of  the  Executive  Committee 
that  that  action  and  that  report  were  omitted  from  the  report 
of  the  committee. 

Now,  gentlemen,  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  American 
Bar  Association — well,  it  is  a  very  powerful  body.  The  Execu- 
tive Committee  of  this  Association  is  something  more  than  the 
alter  ego,  I  think  it  is  almost  a  del  credere  agent,  I  think  it  is 
assumed  to  be  the  directing  head  entirely  of  the  organization. 
I  am  sorry  for  this  committee — I  am  truly.  They  are  very 
estimable  gentlemen.  They,  on  the  whole,  mean  to  do  right. 
If  they  are  not  coerced  or  frightened,  they  do  generally  do  right. 

I  am  going  to  tell  you  what  has  happened.  Following  the 
action  of  the  Association  of  the  American  Law  Schools,  an 
organization  or  a  proposed  organization  has  been  suggested, 
with  no  very  definite  plans  exceptitig  the  general  plan  which 
is  all  proper  and  definite  enough,  for  the  improvement  of  the 
law  and  litigation,  and  Mr.  Elihu  Eoot  has  been  selected  the 
Chairman.  Out  of  consideration  to  that  proposition,  is  the 
only  reason  that  I  have  heard  suggested  yet,  excepting  the 
proposition  that  the  Executive  Committee  is  not  prepared  to 
go  forward  with  the  business  of  organization  just  as  it  stands, 
why  it  should  not  be  carried  out.  With  the  last  proposition 
stated,  I  am  entirely  in  accord.  We  submitted  it  to  them  for  the 
purpose  of  their  amendment  and  their  approval,  and  if,  after 
their  sub-committee  approves  it,  they  still  feel  that  it  is  impru- 
dent and  imwise  to  proceed,  my  proposition  is  that  they  amend 
it  and  perfect  it.  But  the  idea  that  this  report,  as  a  whole, 
completely,  and  this  whole  project,  shall  be  turned  down,  rejected, 
smothered,  within  the  period  of,  you  may  say,  a  few  weeks — is  a 
proposition  that  I  am  opposed  to  utterly. 

Now,  let  us  see  exactly  what  the  Executive  Committee  of  the 
Bar  Association  means  by  the  proposal  as  read  here  by  the 
Secretary.  Our  law  has  drifted  constantly  and  steadily  to- 
wards confusion;  notwithstanding  all  the  efforts  of  this  Asso- 
ciation for  the  last  forty  years,  our  efforts  in  the  direction 
of  legal  education  have  not  stemmed  the  tide.  And  the  Com- 
mittee on  Classification,  in  which  are  embraced  these  great  legal 
educators,  have  stated  that  the  tendency  is  constantly  towards 
confusion,  and  that  the  sporadic  efforts  of  law  writers  are  not 


RSP0BT8  OF  GOMIUTTBBS.  89 

able  to  stem  it.  Therefore  this  work  haa  been  attempted,  and 
the  committee  asks  the  American  Bar  Association,  that  is,  I 
mean  the  Executive  Committee  asks  the  American  Bar  Asso- 
ciation to  reject  this  report. 

Let  us  see  this  report  again  and  see  what  there  ifi  in  it 
that  can  be  rejected  and  that  must  be  rejected,  of  course,  because 
no  one  would  think  of  going  forward  for  a  moment  where  the 
business  organization  waa  not  approved  in  every  detail  by  the 
Executive  Committee.  The  concrete  and  exact  propostion  be- 
fore us  is :  *'  Resolved,  that  the  report  of  the  Special  Com- 
mittee on  Classification  and  Restatement  of  the  Law  be  received 
and  adopted  and  that  the  said  committee  be  continued,''  and  it 
then  reads,  ^' and  made  a  standing  committee  of  the  Associa- 
tion.*' Of  course  that  last  must  be  stricken  out,  on  the  same 
grounds  that  there  was  stricken  out  of  the  report  made  yester- 
day by  Mr.  Saner  a  certain  reference,  as  it  requires  a  constitu- 
tional amendment  to  make  a  committee  a  standing  committee — 
*'and  directed  to  cooperate  with  the  American  Academy  of 
American  Jurisprudence  in  the  work  of  re-classifying  and  re- 
stating the  law."  The  committee  reported,  as  we  supposed  was 
within  our  province,  *'that  an  organization  has  been  affected 
for  the  performance  of  the  object  in  view.'' 

The  motion  I  desire  to  have  placed  before  the  house  now  is, 
that  these  two  subjects  be  divided,  and  as  a  substitute  for 
both  of  the  motions,  that  for  the  adoption  of  the  committee's 
resolution  and  that  for  the  adoption  of  the  Executive  Committee's 
resolution,  I  move  on  behalf  of  the  committee  that  the  report  of 
the  Special  Committee  on  Restatement  of  the  Law  be  received  but 
not  adopted  as  a  whole.    Do  I  have  a  second  to  that  proposition? 

The  motion  was  seconded  from  the  floor. 

The  President: 

Is  there  any  objection  on  the  part  of  the  Association  to 
receiving  the  report?  If  not,  it  will  be  understood  to  be  re- 
ceived and  filed.  The  report  is  received,  but  not  acted  upon, 
and  the  motion  is  still  before  the  house  on  the  substitute  as 
submitted  by  the  Secretary  on  behalf  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee. 


90  AMERICAN  BAR  ASSOCIATION. 

Mr.  Andrews : 

I  move  further  that  the  committee  be  directed,  in  conjunction 
with  the  Executive  Committee,  to  cooperate  with  the  Committee 
of  the  American  Academy  of  Jurisprudence  in  the  plans  and 

work  of  classifying  and  restating  the  law. 

« 

The  President : 

You  have  heard  the  motion  made  by  the  Chairman  of  the 
committee,  which  he  offers  as  a  substitute  for  the  motion  of 
the  Secretary,  made  on  behalf  of  the  Executive  Conimittee. 
Are  there  any  remarks  upon  that  motion  ? 

Garrett  W.  McEnemey,  of  California: 

The  question  is  on  the  substitute,  Mr.  President? 

Mr.  Andrews: 

The  motion  I  am  now  taking  is  as  a  substitute,  Mr.  President. 

George  W.  Wickersham,  of  New  York : 

I  oppose  the  resolution  of  the  special  committee  and  advocate 
the  adoption  of  the  resolution  recommended  by  the  Executive 
Committee.  I  think  the  Convention  will  not  have  failed  to 
notice  that  this  Association  shall  '^  cooperate  with  the  American 
Academy  of  Jurisprudence  "  in  this  matter  of  a  restatement  of 
the  law.  No  one  will  dispute,  I  take  it,  Mr.  President,  at  this 
time,  the  advantage  or  the  necessity  of  a  scientific  restatement 
and  classification  of  the  law.  The  real  question  is  whether  that 
shall  be  done  as  a  commercial  matter,  this  Association  taking  part 
in  a  commercial  enterprise,  or  whether  it  shall  be  done  under 
appropriate  conditions,  in  a  scholarly  way,  as  a  matter  of  sound 
legal  scholarship.  I  suppose  that  all  the  members  of  the  Associa- 
tion have  received  a  pamphlet  which  is  widely  circulated  and  which 
IS  really  at  the  base  of  this  proposal,  entitled,  "  A  Classification 
and  Eestatement  of  the  Law,  under  Cooperative  Direction  of  the 
American  Bar  Association  and  the  American  Academy  of  Juris- 
prudence. Issued  by  the  Academy  Publishing  Corporation,  of 
New  York.*'  There  is  set  forth  the  plan  which  is  proposed,  in 
effect,  by  the  resolution  offered  by  the  committee  and  supported  by 
Mr.  Andrews,  and  the  plan  is  set  forth  on  another  page  of  this 
pamphlet,  where  it  is  shown  that  a  business  organization  has 


BHP0BT8  07  C0MMITTBB8.  91 

been  organized^  known  a^  the  Academy  Publishing  Corporation, 
three-fifths  of  whose  stock  was  to  be  held  in  trust  for  the  Ameri- 
can Academy  of  Jurisprudence — and  there  is  no  statement  as 
to  what  that  body  is  or  as  to  who  compose  it — and  two-fifths 
of  it  was  to  be  held  in  trust  for  the  American  Bar  Association. 

That  is  a  familiar  plan  of  publication.  A  selected  list  of 
gentlemen  has  been  made  who  axe  offered  the  privilege  of  sub- 
scribing $800  each  to  the  purchase  price.  But  the  significant 
thing  is  that  there  is  nowhere  a  statement  of  when  or  what  the 
subscribers  are  to  get  for  their  money,  and  the  entire  contributed 
fund  may  be  spent  and  nothing  returned  to  the  subscribers. 
Viewing  this  as  a  commercial  enterprise,  it  is  radically  defec- 
tiye  in  that  particular — ^that  the  money  may  be  collected  and 
spent  and  nothing  given  to  the  subscribers.  If  the  enterprise  is 
to  be  conducted  in  a  scientific  manner,  there  should  be  a  different 
organization. 

I  take  it,  Mr.  President,  that  when  this  resolution  was  pre- 
pared by  the  Executive  Committee,  it  had  read  and  considered 
the  matter,  and  felt,  as  I  have  no  doubt  every  member  of  the  Bar 
who  reads  this  must  feel,  that  it  was  not  such  a  project  as  the 
American  BUr  Association  should  commit  itself  to. '  Therefore, 
Mr.  President,  I  earnestly  advocate  the  adoption  of  the  resolu- 
tion recommended  by  the  Executive  Committee. 

)Ir.  Andrews : 

The  first  proposition  made  by  the  learned  gentleman  is  that 
this  should  not  be  a  matter  of  commercialism.  The  question 
of  what  is  and  what  is  not  commercialism  has  been  xmder  dis- 
cussion, for  the  last  ten  years,  ever  .since  the  "  Green  Bag  ^ 
exposition,  in  which  some  attempt  was  made  at  an  organization 
which  should  exclude  commercialism — that  was  the  key,  the 
very  heart  of  the  covenant — ^and  it  was  to  be  excluded  in  this 
case  by  the  very  means  which  we  have  taken. 

Now,  what  do  we  mean  by  '^  removed  from  the  pain  and  terror 
of  commercialism '' ?  Namely,  that  persons  indifferent  to  the 
integrity  and  the  improvement  of  the  law  should  direct  and 
should  make  the  manuscript,  and  that  the  funds  which  should 
arise  from  the  sale  and  distribution  of  bodes,  because  there  is 
no  dreamer  so  wild  as  to  suppose  that  imder  any  foundation  or 


93  AMBRICAN  BAB  ASSOCIATION. 

any  plan  of  governmental  or  state  action,  a  corpus  juris  or 
a  book  of  law  in  this  country  can  be  created  and  distributed 
free  and  without  price — it  must  be  created  according  to  business 
methods,  it  must  be  sold.  But  the  body  that  furnishes  the 
money  will  always  control,  and  if  the  American  Bar  furnish 
the  money,  as.  it  is  proposed  in  this  case,  they  will  control 
through  the  American  Bar  Association,  have  absolute  control 
and  direction  of  this  work,  and  the  profits  which  shall  arise 
from  this  foundation  are  to  be  placed,  the  stock  is  to  be  trusteed 
in  the  hands  of  trustees  selected  by  the  American  Bar  Asso- 
ciation, the  sole  profit  to  go  as  an  endowment  or  jurisprudence 
foundation  for  the  benefit  of  the  Bar,  for  the  improyement  of 
the  law,  and  for  the  benefit  of  the  public.  And  that  this  was 
considered  important  and  rational,  I  will  show  you  by  the  action 
that  we  took  in  the  formation  of  the  organization  known  as  the 
"  Academy  Publishing  Company.''  It  had  to  be  a  corporation, 
and  it  had  to  have  a  name,  the  statute  so  required,  and  it  had  to 
have  officers  and  had  to  have  capital  and  that  capital  had  to  be 
fully  paid,  beyond  any  dispute.  This  is  a  letter  of  April  9, 1921, 
addressed  to  me  as  Chairman  of  the  Organization  Committee, 
American  Academy  of  Jurisprudence,  and  reading? 

Mt  DEAB  Snt: 

I  have  considered  the  matter  of  the  oiganization  of  the  Academy 
Publishing  Corporation,  which  is  a  work  in  conjunction  with  Uie 
American  Academy  of  Jurisprudence,  in  the  publication  of  the  classi- 
fication and  restatement  of  law,  since  my  talk  with  you  in  Albany  a  short 
time  aco.  I  write  to  say  to  you  that,  if  the  Academy  Publishing  Com- 
pany aesires  me  to  act  as  treasurer,  and  one  of  the  directors  of  such 
organization,  I  shall  be  pleased  to  serve  in  such  capacity,  and  will 
do  what  I  can  toward  the  success  of  the  importanii  work  attending  the 
classification  and  restatement  of  the  law. 

Very  truly  yours, 

Fbedbbick  £,  Wadhams. 

We  selected  for  your  benefit,  in  order  that  there  should  be  no 
chance  whatever  for  even  a  suspicion  of  a  diversion  of  the  funds, 
the  Treasurer  of  the  American  Bar  Association  to  handle  those 
funds. 

Now,  on  the  proposition  that  there  may  be  something  paid 
without  getting  anything  for  it.  The  plan  is  carefully  guarded 
in  that  respect — most  carefully  guarded  in  that  respect — and 
the  specific  contract  is  contained  in  the  order,  not  explained  in 
detail  in  the  pamphlet.    The  plan  is  that  when  you  have  received 


BBPORTS  OF  COMMITTEES.  93 

contributions  of  exactly  the  same  kind  that  sixty  or  seventy  of 
the  great  lawyers  of  this  country  have  made,  you  would  have 
in  the  treasury  of  the  organization  $400,000,  out  of  subscriptions 
at  $500  each — ^more  capital  than  was  ever  put  before  this  organi- 
zation, and  there  never  was  a  book  of  this  character  that  was 
started  for  sale  but  was  started  on  subscriptions,  and  never 
did  one  of  them  have  a  single  page  other  than  proposed  sample 
pages  of  the  proposed  book.  The  American  Bar  Association 
in  the  last  thirty  years  has  paid  out  $90,000,000  for  law  books. 
They  pay  out  annually  about  $4,000,000  for  law  books.  They 
pay  out  annually  about  $1,000,000  for  books  embraced  within 
this  proposal.  Now,  can  we,  have  we  the  solidarity  of  action, 
is  it  possible  to  have  an  organization  which  is  capable  of  mobiliz- 
ing the  resources,  conserving  the  resources,  and  building  up 
a  great 'jurisprudence  fund  which  will  enable  the  Bar  Asso- 
ciation to  support  all  of  these  activities?  The  American  Bar 
Association  is  so  poor  that  it  cannot  and  it  does  not  give  its 
committees  sufficient  funds,  each  one  of  them,  to  hold  a  real 
committee  meeting.  And  if  the  Bar  Association  will  approve 
what  has  been  approved  up  to  within  the  last  few  weeks — well, 
I  don't  ask  the  American  Bar  Association  to  approve,  against 
the  will  of  the  Executive  Committee, — the  detailed  plan  of 
the  organization  in  which  we  shall  work,  and  as  for  the  plans 
of  classification,  it  is  specifically  provided  in  the  letter  of  Mr. 
Kemp  that  that  work  should  be  the  work  of  the  coming  year, 
the  work  of  revising  the  classification,  before,  of  course,  a 
single  page  of  the  book  would  be  set  forth,  would  be  adopted. 
The  first  conmiittee  reported  that  classification  was  the  beginning 
and  the  end  of  the  science,  that  classification  of  the  law  was 
absolutely  necessary  to  its  further  improvement. 
Now,  gentlemen,  I  will  pass  to  the  resolution. 

A  Member: 

May  I  ask  the  gentleman  a  question  ?  What  is  the  American 
Academy  of  Jurisprudence?    Who  compose  it? 

Mr.  Andrews: 

The  American  Academy  of  Jurisprudence  was  an  organization 
of  distinguished  men  organized  in  1914,  just  before  the  war. 
The  President  of  the  Association  was  Mr.  William  Howard  Taf t, 


94  AMEBIOAK   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 

and  Mr.  Boot  and  Mr.  Parker  and  Mr.  Wickersham  and  Mr. 
Coudert^  and  so  on — ^there  were  a  large  number — fifty-five  mem- 
bers in  all.  They  appointed  a  governing  body^  consisting  of 
fifteen  .men^  Mr.  Root,  Mr.  Harriman,  Mr.  Williston^  Mr.  Pound, 
and  men  of  that  character.  The  war  came  on  that  summer.  It 
takes  a  litle  time  to  get  started  in  a  matter  of  that  kind,  a  matter 
of  such  weight,  involving  the  questions  that  it  did.  Of  course 
there  could  then  be  nothing  publicly  done  in  a  matter  of  that 
kind.  But  the  discussion  of  the  important  question  involved  was 
not  abated.  It  was  at  the  meeting  in  1916  that  Mr.  Hoot  gave  the 
impulse  to  this  affair  by  referring  to  this  very  corporation  and 
saying  that  a  body  of  very  earnest.and  very  able  men  were  engaged 
in  bringing  about  a  definite,  specific  organization. 

Mr.  Wickersham: 
Haven't  they  all  resigned  ? 

Mr.  Andrews: 

No,  they  have  not.    There  have  been  three  resignations. 

Mr.  Wickersham: 
Who  were  they? 

Mr.  Andrews : 

You  haven't  resigned.  You  can  resign  now.  They  say  the 
good  Indians  are  the  dead  Indians,  but  the  good  lawyers  are 
the  live  ones.    We  are  fighting  to  a  finish. 

W.  F.  Mason,  of  South  Dakota: 

May  I  ask  this  question:  How  long  do  you  estimate  it  will 
take  to  complete  this  work? 

Mr.  Andrews: 

About  seven  years.    We  have  an  opinion  of  an  expert  on  that. 

Mr.  Mason: 

What  would  be  the  cost  to  the  practitioner? 

Mr.  Andrews: 

The  cost  to  the  practitioner,  as  now  arranged,  would  be  $800 
for  the  library — there  is  no  compulsion  whatever  in  the  purchase 
of  it,  of  course. 


REPORTS  OF   C0MMITTEB8.  95 

Mr.  Mason:  ^ 

I  would  like  to  ask  this  question.  Is  this  a  scheme  to  get  the 
book  endorsed,  a  publication  not  in  being? 

Mr.  Andrews : 
Yes. 

Mr.  Mason: 

It  would  have  no  authority  in  any  state  if  adopted  by  this 
Association. 

Mr.  Andrews: 
Oh^  no^  not  at  all. 

Mr.  Mason : 

It  would  not  be  binding  on  anybody  at  all  ? 

Mr.  Andrews: 
No,  sir. 

Mr.  Mason: 

It  would  be  a  commentary  on  the  statute  law.  In  other  words, 
it  means  another  scheme  to  have  the  lawyers  of  this  country 
buy  another  set  of  books. 

Mr.  Andrews: 

If  you  want  to  call  it  a  scheme,  well  and  good.  We  call  the 
matter  a  plan  to  make  a  specific  restatement  of  our  law,  complete 
and  definite,  and  it  has  had  the  endorsement  of  the  greatest  of 
the  jurists,  without  any  doubt,  up  to  within  a  very  few  weeks. 

The  President : 

The  question  now  occurs  upon  the  substitute  offered  by  Mr. 
Andrews,  which  is  that  this  matter  proceed  under  the  joint  con- 
trol of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  American  Bar  Associa- 
tion and  the  Academy  Publishing  Corporation.  All  in  favor 
of  the  substitute  will  say  "  Aye.'*  Those  opposed,  "  No.*'  The 
motion  is  lost. 

The  question  now  recurs  upon  the  motion  made  on  behalf  of 
the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Association  by  the  Secretary,  Mr. 
Kemp,  which  I  will  again  read  to  you,  that  you  may  have  its 

4 


96  AMERICAN  BAB  ASSOCIATION. 

terms  precisely  before  you:     (The  President  then  re-tead  the 
proposed  resolution.) 

All  those  in  favor  of  the  adoption  of  the  resolution  will  say 
"  Aje"  Opposed,  "  No/^  The  ayes  have  it,  and  the  resolution 
proposed  by  the  Executive  Committee  is  adopted. 

Mr.  Andrews : 

I  move,  Mr.  President,  that  the  Committee  on  Classification 
and  Restatement  of  the  Law  be  continued. 

The  motion  was  seconded  and  carried. 
{See  Report,  page  391.) 

Committee  on  Legal  Aid  Work : 

Reginald  Heber  Smith,  of  Massachusetts: 

The  Committee  on  Legal  Aid  work  asks  you  to  adopt  its 
report,  in  which  there  is  contained  the  following  recommenda- 
tion that  the  Association  hereby  requests  the  oiBcers  of  the 
Section  of  Conference  of  Bar  Association  Delegates  to  bring 
the  subject  of  legal  aid  work  before  the  members  of  the  Section 
as  soon  as  may  be,  to  the  end  that  every  state  and  local  bar 
association  may  be  encouraged  to  appoint  a  standing  committee 
on  legal  aid  work. 

The  report  is  before  you,  and  I  think  that  a  very  short  state- 
ment will  satisfy  you  as  to  the  reasons  of  this  recommendation. 
In  England,  in  Scotland,  and  I  have  recently  learned  from  our 
distinguished  visitor  from  the  French  Bar,  in  France  also,  legal 
aid  work  is  carried  on  by  the  Bar  itself.  In  this  country,  we 
have  built  up  special  org:anizations  for  the  purpose,  called  legal 
aid  organizations.  But  that  does  not  lessen  the  individual 
lawyer's  duty  towards  the  matter,  nor  does  it  lessen  the  concern 
of  the  organized  Bar  in  the  matter.  The  only  way  the  organized 
Bar  can  act  is  through  a  committee.  The  American  Bar  Asso- 
ciation already  has  its  committee.  What  we  want  now  is  that  the 
state  and  local  bar  associations  should  emulate  our  example. 
In  New  York,  San  Francisco,  and  other  points,  the  Bar  Associa- 
tion has  already  done  so.  What  we  are  after,  ladies  and 
gentlemen,  is  that  there  should  be  an  effort  throughout  this 
country,  through  special  committees  of  all  bar  associations  on 


REPORTB  OF  OOMMITTEES.  97 

legal  aid  work,  to  promote  and  perfect  this  work,  so  that  nowhere 
in  the  United  States  will  it  be  possible  for  any  man,  no  matter 
how  humble^  to  be  denied  his  day  in  court,  because  of  his  inabil- 
ity to  pay  fees  and  costs. 

Mr.  Chairman,  on  behalf  of  the  committee,  I  move  the  adop- 
tion of  the  resolution. 

The  motion  was  seconded  and  carried. 
{See  Report,  page  Jlfi2,) 

Conmiittee  on  Aeronautios : 

William  P.  MacCracken,  of  Illinois : 

The  Committee  on  the  Law  of  Aeronautics  has  three  recom- 
mendations in  its  report.  The  first  one  is  that  a  committee 
be  appointed  to  carry  on  the  work  of  the  committee.  The  second 
one  is  that  the  discussion  of  a  Constitutional  amendment  to  vest 
exclusive  jurisdiction  over  aeronautics  in  the  federal  govern- 
ment be  discontinued  until  such  time  as  the  state  and  federal 
legislative  bodies  have  adopted  laws  and  those  have  been  con- 
strued by  the  Supreme  Court  out  of  which  they  will  eventually 
come.  It  seems  that  one  of  the  greatest  bugaboos  in  getting 
legislation  passed,  either  through  the  state  legislature  or  through 
the  national  legislature,  is  that  somebody  will  claim  it  is  uncon- 
stitutional. And  we  felt  the  need  was  for  enacting  favorable 
legislation,  that  aeronautics  might  be  developed. 

The  third  recommendation  I  am  going  to  take  the  liberty  of 
reading.  It  is  this :  ^'  That  the  members  of  the  American  Bar 
Association  be  urged  to  cooperate  with  the  national  authorities 
and  with  the  local  authorities  in  their  respective  states,  to  the 
end  that  governmental  action  may  result  which  will  tend  to  the 
development  of  aeronautics  in  the  United  States,  thereby  con- 
tributing to  our  national  prosperity  and  strengthening  our 
national  defenae.^^ 

In  explanation  of  that  recommendation,  I  want  to  call  your 
attention  to  the  Uniform  State  Law  of  Aeronautics,  which  was 
adopted  by  the  Commissioners  of  Uniform  Laws,  on  Monday  of 
this  week.  If  there  is  any  legislation  proposed  in  your  respective 
states,  we  would  urge  upon  you  to  see  that  it  conforms  in  toio  to 


98  AMBRIGAN   BAR  ASSOCIATION. 

this  particular  act.  The  bill  has  been  gone  over  carefully^  it  was 
the  subject  of  the  conference  of  two  committees  in  Washington 
last  February^  and  we  feel  unqualifiedly  that  it  is  the  best  thing  to 
introduce  and  pass  in  the  respective  state  legislatures. 

With  reference  to  the  federal  constitution^  let  me  state  that 
the  Wadsworth-Hicks  bill^  as  it  is  called,  is  still  pending  before 
the  Interstate  and  Foreign  Commerce  Committee  of  the  House, 
that  since  this  report  was  prepared,  the  Chairman  of  the  com- 
mittee and  Mr.  Davis,  another  member,  had  a  conference  in 
Washington  with  Judge  Lamb,  who  has  since  resigned  as  solicitor 
for  the  Department  of  Commerce,  who  had  been  working  on  that 
particular  bill,  and  also  with  Mr.  Winslow,  the  Chairman  of  the 
committee.  And  we  are  in  hopes  that  before  this  Congress  ad- 
journs, a  satisfactory  bill  will  be  introduced  and  passed.  If  not, 
we  suggest  that  there  be  presented  by  the  succeeding  committee 
a  bill  which  they  believe  will  be  satisfactory.  In  Washington  it 
developed  from  the  point  of  view  of  the  aircraft  industry  that 
they  were  so  desirous  of  legislation  by  the  federal  government, 
that  they  wanted  the  best  legislation  obtainable  and  not  any 
particular  legislation.  Therefore  the  committee  determined  to 
cooperate  with  the  authorities  in  Congress  rather  than  to  attempt 
to  draft  legislation  of  our  own.  But  if  that  does  not  result  in 
having  the  coming  Congress  pass  such  a  bill,  it  seems  to  me  that 
the  policy  should  be  to  press  state  legislation  and,  if  possible,  get 
it  through.   I  move,  Mr.  President,  the  adoption  of  the  report. 

The  motion  was  seconded  and  carried. 
{See  Report,  page  4IS.) 

Committee  on  Intemal  Bevenue  Law  and  Its  Means  of  Col- 
lection : 

Charles  Henry  Butler,  of  Maine : 

This  committee  was  a  special  committee,  and  the  President 
did  me  the  honor  of  making  me  the  chairman  of  it.  Our  report 
is  a  very  brief  one.  We  were  able  to  have  only  one  or  two  meetings 
of  the  committee  in  Washington,  but  we  took  up  with  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury  and  the  Commissioner  of  Intemal  fievenue 
and  the  higher  officers  in  charge  some  questions  of  modification 


RKP0RT8  OF  COMMITTEBS.  99 

of  the  practice  and  procedure  in  this  connection.  The  committee 
did  not  presume  to  take  up  legislative  matters^  feeling  that  any 
matter  of  that  kind  should  be  at  the  special  instruction  of  the 
Association.  What  we  did  was  to  endeavor  to  obtain  a  modifica- 
tion of  some  of  the  rules  and  regulations  of  the  Treasury  Depart- 
ment^ the  Internal  Revenue  Bureau^  in  regard  to  the  status  of 
attorneys.  And  in  our  letter  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
and  the  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue^  which  is  included  in 
the  report,  we  have  made  .various  recommendations  which  I  will 
not  read,  but  I  will  just  refer  to  them. 

One  of  them  was  that  attorneys  practicing  before  the  Depart- 
ment should  not  only  be  subject  to  the  pains  and  penalties  which 
are  in  the  regulations,  but  they  should  also  have  the  privileges 
of  attorneys,  and  that  the  rule  that  when  an  attorney  appeared 
properly  qualified  to  represent  a  taxpayer,  thereafter  the  attorney 
should  be  the  sole  channel  of  communication  with  the  client, 
and  the  attorney  should  not  be  embarrassed  by  having  notices 
and  decisions  sent  direct  to  his  client  without  in  any  way  noti- 
fying the  attorney  who  had  appeared  before  them  and  who  was 
responsible  for  the  conduct  of  the  case — that  that  modification 
of  the  rule  should  be  made.  We  obtained  from  the  Commis- 
sioner— and  I  will  say  that  we  were  very  cordially  and  courteously 
received  by  the  higher  oflBcials  of  the  bureau — ^proper  considera- 
tion; and  they  have  promised  that  the  omissions  on  the  part 
of  the  staff  in  that  respect  will  be  remedied  and  prevented  in 
the  future,  and  that  furthermore,  when  an  attorney  once  files 
a  power  of  attorney  in  connection  with  a  matter  before  the 
Department,  he  should  be  recognized  to  the  conclusion  of  the  case. 

Another  matter  that  we  urged  was  that  opinions  by  the  bureau 
in  regard  to  matters  determined  there  should  be  given  wider 
publicity.  We  have  been  very  greatly  impressed,  and  all  those 
here  who  practice  before  the  Treasury  Department  will  appreciate 
this,  by  the  fact  that  we  frequently  have  to  argue  a  case  there 
without  knowing  what  the  law  is,  because  the  opinions  have  been 
marked  *'  Confidential.'*  One  matter  was  whether  the  question  of 
depreciation  was  covered  by  a  bond.  It  was  being  argued  before 
the  Court  of  Appeals,  and  reference  was  made  to  a  certain 
opinion  as  authority.    Counsel  for  the  Government  said,  "  Cer- 


100  AMERICAir  BAB  ASSOCIATION. 

tainly^  that  opinion  does  so  say,  but  we  are  bound  by  confidential 
opinion  No.  27.'*  The  question  was  then  asked  what  confi- 
dential opinion  No.  27  was,  and  the  reply  came,  "We  can't 
tell  you — ^it  is  confidential.''  And  the  question  was  asked  if 
the  case  was  to  be  argued  without  knowing  what  the  rules 
were,  and  the  reply  came,  "  Certainly.  That  is  a  confidential 
opinion."  Finally  the  Chief  Justice,  if  he  might  be  so  called, 
the  Chairman  of  Appeals  and  Eeviews,  said  that  he  would  have 
a  private  conference  with  a  representative  of  the  unit  as  to  what 
he  felt  confidential  opinion  27  amounted  to  in  this  case.  They 
went  out  of  the  room,  and  when  they  came  back,  they  said  that, 
after  all,  they  had  come  to  the  conclusion  that  confidential  opinion 
27  did  not  apply  in  this  case,  and  we  therefore  proceeded. 

That  appears  to  be  ridiculous,  gentlemen,  I  know.  But  the 
question  of  whether  confidential  opinion  No.  27  applied  involved 
more  than  a  half  million  dollars  of  taxes  that  the  taxpayers  would 
have  to  pay,  and  we  were  forced  to  argue  as  to  whether  or  not 
the  rules  of  depreciationj  did  apply,  without  knowing  what 
confidential  opinion  No.  27  was.  We  have  presented  that  to 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  and  to  the  Commissioner  of  In- 
ternal Revenue,  and  to  the  others,  and  we  now  hope  that,  sooner  or 
later,  those  opinions  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Internal  Rev- 
enue Department  will  be  given  to  the  Bar. 

Another  point  that  we  took  up  was  the  question  of  some  small 
questions  of  practice,  and  as  to  those  they  have  said  they  would 
help  us,  and  that  when  our  papers  are  filed  they  would  be  accep- 
table. 

One  further  matter  which  is  a  matter  of  substantive  law 
rather  than  of  practice,  is  the  question  of  forcing  the  taxpayer  to 
pay  ii^  his  taxes,  file  a  protest,  and  then  bring  suit  to  recover 
when  in  many  cases  that  question  would  be  brought  up  by  the 
Government  bringing  suit  or  raising  the  question  in  such  a  way 
it  could  be  decided  before  the  department  has  been  committed 
on  the  question,  and  has  to  go  on  mulcting  the  taxpayers  until  we 
are  finally  relegated  to  the  courts,  where  the  argument  is  made 
that  the  decision  being  made  by  an  administrative  department 
which  has  administration  of  the  statute,  has  all  the  presumption 
of  correctness.    And  we  go  before  the  courts  with  the  presumption 


BLBOnON  OF.OFFXOEBS.  '    101 

against  us^  because  the  counsel  for  the  Qov/^nment  has  decided 
the  case  in  the  Government's  favor. 

Those  are  some  of  the  matters  which  we  have  tciken  up,  and 
which  we  are  urging  upon  the  officials  in  the  d6p^t^H^^nt.  In 
some  respects  we  hope  that  our  action  may  be  successful,  &t  least, 
in  the  direction  of  modifying  the  present  conditions.  Our  only 
recommendation  is  that  the  committee  be  continued  and  puri3ue 
the  work  which  it  is  now  doing.  We  ask  that  it  be  continued  for 
the  reason  that  the  work  is  so  far  only  partially  concluded. 

I  move  the  adoption  of  the  report. 

The  motion  was  seconded  and  carried. 
{See  Report,  page  4SS.) 

The  President: 

Next  in  order  is  the  nomination  and  election  of  officers.  Mr. 
Hart,  the  Chainnan  of  the  General  Council  will  report  the  nomi- 
nations made  by  the  General  Council. 

W.  0.  Hart,  of  Louisiana: 

The  report  of  thp  General  Council  is  as  follows : 

August  11,  1922. 
To  the  Members  of  the  American  Bar  Association  in  Annual  Meeting 
Assenibled: 

In  accordance  with  vote  cast  at  the  meeting  of  the  General  Council 
held  this  day,  the  following  are  nominated  for  election  as  officers  of  the 
Association  for  the  ensuing  year: 

For  President:  John  W.  Davis,  of  West  Virginia. 

For  Treasurer:   Frederick  E.  Wadhams,  of  New  York. 

For  Secretary:  W.  Thomas  Kemp,  of  Maryland. 

For  members  of  the  Executive  Committee:  Hugh  H.  Brown,  of 
Nevada;  John  B.  Corliss,  of  Michigan;  John  T.  Richards,  of  Illinois; 
Thomas  W.  Blackburn,  of  Nebraska;  Wm.  Brosmith,  of  Connecticut: 
S.  E.  Ellsworth,  of  North  Dakota;  Thomas  W.  Shelton,  of  Virginia  and 
A.  T.  ^tovall,  of  Mississippi. 

Mr.  President,  on  behalf  of  the  Council,  I  move  the  election 

of  the  officers  named  in  the  report  of  the  Coimcil,  and  that  the 

Secretary  cast  the  ballot  of  the  Association  for  them  as  named. 

The  motion  was  seconded  and  carried  and  the  officers  named 
were  declared  unanimously  elected. 

The  President : 

I  will  now  recognize  former  President  Francis  Rawle,  of  Phila- 
delphia, Pennsylvania. 


102  AMERICJ^N   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 

Francis  Bawle^  ot J^CHnsylvania : 

Mr.  Presidenir:';.r*'h&ve  the  honor  to  move  the  adoption  of  this 
resolution:.  :  '•. 

Resolv^'dp* That  the  American  Bar  AcBOciation  in  general  meeting 
aasemblea,  jtereby  express  to  the  California  Bar,  to  his  Excelleiicy  the 
GpvemoT  of  California,  and  to  the  Ladies  Committee,  their  great  ap- 
.|iracia{ion  of  the  generous  hospitality  extended  to  the  Association  and 
*  4tt»  members  which  has  made  this,  the  largest  meeting  of  the  Associa- 
tion ever  held  during  the  forty-four  years  of  its  existence,  the  most 
enjoyable  and  inspiring  event  in  its  history. 

The  beauty  of  the  city  of  San  Francisco  and  its  environs,  its  stimu- 
lating and  inspiring  cUmate  and  the  generous  courtesy  of  the  California 
men  and  women,  all  have  combined  to  make  our  sojourn  in  San 
Francisco  a  period  of  pure  enjo3rment. 

The  members  of  this  Association  will  carry  away  with  them  unfading 
memories  of  friendship,  kindliness,  and  naturkl  beauty. 

The  President: 

A  resolution  of  that  character  needs  no  second.  All  in  favor 
of  its  adoption  will  stand,  and  while  standing  will  vote  "  Aye." 
It  is  unanimously  carried. 

Nathan  Newby,  of  California  and  William  V.  Rooker,  of  Indi- 
ana, offered  resolutions  which  were  referred  without  reading  to 
the  Committee  on  Law  Enforcement  and  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee, respectively. 

Adjourned  sine  die, 

W.  Thomas  Kemp,  Secretary. 


SECRETARY'S  REPORT 

San  Prancisoo,  Cal.,  August  9,  1922. 
To  the  American  Bar  Association: 

The  report  of  the  proceedings  of  the  last  annual  meeting  of 
the  Association  has  been  printed  and  distributed  to  all  members^ 
to  all  state  bar  associations  and  to  legal  journals  and  libraries^ 
both  in  the  United  States  and  abroad. 

There  were  15^163  active  and  18  honorary  members  at  the  date 
of  the  publication  of  the  1921  report.  There  have  since  been 
about  750  deaths  and  resignations,  and  the  proposal  of  3003  new 
active  members,  all  of  whom  have  been  elected  by  the  Executive 
Committee  making  the  present  membership  about  17,000.  The 
Executive  Committee,  also  elected  Sir  John  A.  Simon  of  London, 
England,  and  Dr.  R.  Masujima,  of  Tokyo,  Japan,  to  honorary 
membership. 

The  membership  includes  representatives  of  all  the  states,  of 
the  District  of  Columbia,  and  of  the  insular  possessions  of 
Hawaii,  Porto  Rico  and  the  Philippines. 

There  are  now  in  existence  47  state  bar  associations,  and  also 
the  Bar  Association  of  the  District  of  Colunibia,  and  the  Bar 
Association  of  Hawaii.  In  addition  there  are  more  than  900  local 
bar  associations  of  which  we  have  record.  • 

The  Secretary  has  endeavored  to  keep  in  close  touch  with  the 
state  organizations  during  the  year.  In  lieu  of  invitations  as 
formerly  issued  to  state  bar  associations  for  appointment  of  three 
delegates  to  the  annual  meeting,  invitations  are  now  issued  by  the 
Conference  of  Bar  Association  Delegates  to  each  state  associa- 
tion to  send  three  delegates  and  to  each  local  association  to  send 
two  delegates  to  the  Conference,  such  delegates  also  to  represent 
their  respective  associations  at  the  meeting  of  the  Association. 

The  Secretary  attended  the  Special  Conference  on  Legal  Edu- 
cation arranged  by  a  joint  Committee  of  the  Section  of  Legal 
Education  and  the  Conference  of  Bar  Association  Delegates.  This 
Special  Conference  was  largely  attended  and  resulted  in  the  adop- 

(103) 


104  AMEBIGAK  BAB  ASSOOIATION. 

tion  of  the  resolutions  recommended  by  the  Association  at  its 
1921  meeting. 

The  Secretary  has  continued  to  supply,  upon  request,  copies 
of  the  Canons  of  Professional  Ethics;  about  1600  copies  have 
been  distributed  since  the  last  annual  meeting. 

Notices  were  duly  sent  by  the  Secretary  to  all  standing  and 
special  committees,  requesting  attention  to  matters  particularly 
referred  to  them. 

The  reports  of  certain  committees  for  the  year  1921-1922  were 
printed  in  a  special  pamphlet,  which  issued  to  members  more  than 
30  days  in  advance  of  the  meeting.    The  reports  are  as  follows : 

Standing  Committees, — Admiralty  and  Maritime  Law;  Com- 
merce, Trade  and  Commercial  Law;  Jurisprudence  and  Law 
Reform;  Legal  Aid;  Professional  Ethics  and  Grievances. 

Special  Committees, — Uniform  Judicial  Procedure;  Classifi- 
cation and  Eestatement  of  the  Law ;  Law  of  Aeronautics ;  Internal 
Revenue  Law  and  its  Means  of  Collection ;  Law  Enforcement. 

Sections,  Allied  Bodies,  etc. — Comparative  Law  Section,  and 
Section  of  Patent,  Trade-Mark  and  Copyright  Law. 

The  new  monthly  Joubnal  has  now  completed  its  second  year. 
The  Secretary  has  co-operated  closely  with  the  Board  of  Editors 
of  the  JouBNAL,  and  has  from  time  to  time  supplied  current  in- 
formation concerning  the  aifairs  of  the  Association.  The  Sec- 
retary's office  has  had  charge  of  the  details  of  the  printing  and 
issuance  of  the  Annual  Report,  the  pamphlet  containing  the  re- 
port of  the  proceedings  of  the  Special  Conference  on  Legal  Edu- 
cation above  mentioned,  and  the  special  pamphlet  containing 
reports  of  standing  and  special  committees. 

In  response  to  a  growing  demand,  and  by  direction  of  the 
Executive  Committee,  the  Secretary  has  re-arranged  the  geo- 
graphical list  of  members  by  cities  and  counties,  instead  of  merely 
by  states  as  formerly,  and  has  inserted  opposite  the  name  of  each 
member  the  date  of  his  election.  The  new  list  appeared  in  the 
1920  volume  of  the  Association  reports,  and  has  been  revised  and 
re-published  in  the  1921  volume. 

The  Secretary  has  received  during  the  year  reports  of  the  vari- 
ous state  bar  associations,  and  a  number  of  other  books,  all  of 
which  have  been  acknowledged  through  the  Joubnal. 


SECRETABT^S   REPOBT.  105 

The  Secretar/8  office,  established  in  Rooms  A  and  B  of  the 
Palace  Hotel,  will  use  the  system  of  registration  cards  as  in  re- 
cent years.  These  cards  may  be  obtained  at  the  office  or  in  this 
meeting  room.  Cards  should  be  signed  legibly,  and,  after  all 
blanks  are  filled,  should  be  returned  promptly. 

Members  and  delegates  are  requested  to  register  as  soon  as 
convenient  after  arrival.  Daily  lijsts  of  those  in  attendance  will 
be  printed  for  distribution  at  the  meeting,  and  the  last  revision 
thereof  will  be  included  in  the  Report  of  the  Proceedings. 

A  separate  register  of  the  members  of  the  Judicial  Section  will 
be  kept  in  the  Secretar}''8  office.  Palace  Hotel,  and  members  of  that 
Section  are  requested  to  register  their  names  and  addresses  imme- 
diately upon  arrival. 

Copies  of  the  Constitution  and  By-Laws,  program  of  1922  meet- 
ing, lists  of  officers  and  committees,  copies  of  committee  reports. 
Canons  of  Ethics  and  other  literature  of  the  Association  can  be 
had  at  the  Secretaryfs  office  in  Rooms  A  and  B  of  the  Palace 
Hotel.  Upon  request  at  Secretary's  office,  stenographic  service 
will  be  supplied. 

Pigeonhole  furniture  has  been  provided  in  the  Secretary's 
office  for  mail  addressed  to  members  in  care  of  the  American  Bar 
Association;  members  will  please  inquire  periodically  for  mail, 
message  and  telegrams. 

Application  blanks  and  information  concerning  the  status  of 
applicants,  as  well  as  all  information  concerning  membership, 
may  be  obtained  at  the  Headquarters  of  the  Association. 

The  Secretary  endeavors  to  keep  the  street  address  of  each 
member,  and  prompt  notification  of  changes  is  requested. 
f  Respectfully  submitted, 

W.  Thomas  Kbmp,  Secretary. 


* 


TREASURER'S   REPORT 

YEAR  ENDING  JULY  26,  1922. 
Summary  of  Membership  Roll. 

Membership  August  16,  1921 14,111 

New  members  subject  to  1922  dues 1,706 

New  members  subject  to  1923  dues 1,783 

Reinstated  during  year 31 

3,520 

17,631 

Deaths   231 

Resignations    94 

Dropped    336 

661 

Membership  July  26,  1922 16,970 

Membesshif  Dues  to  be  Accounted  For: 

AugiLst  16,  1921 — Memhers: 

Paid  dues  for  1922  in  advance 1,640  @  $6  each  $9^840.00 

Paid  dues  for  .1923  in  advance 1  6.00 

Owing  dues  for  1922 12,471  74326.00 

Owing  dues  for  1919 5  30.00 

Owing  dues  for  1920 275  1,650.00 

Owing  dues  for  1921 1,053  6,318.00 

New  members  added  during  year  1921-1922 

subject  to  1922  dues,  Listo  154-159,  incl. .  1,706  10,236.00 
New  members  added  subject  to  1923  dues, 

Lists  160-173,  incl 1,783  10,698.00 

Reinstated  owing  1915  dues 1  6.00 

Reinstated  owing  1920  dues 9  54.00 

Reinstated  owing  1921  dues 16  96.00 

Reinstated  owing  1922  dues 25  150.00 

Reinstated  owing  1923  dues 2         ___  12.00 

18.987  $113,922.00 
Members  (distinguished  from  new  members 
added)  who  paid  1923  dues  this  year  in 

advance    35 

35'        210.00 

19,022  $114,132.00 
Accounted  For: 

Paid  1922  dues  in  advance 1,640  $9,840.00 

Paid  1923  dues  in  advance 1  6.00 

$9,846.00 
Dues  paid  during  year  1921-1922 : 

Paid  1915  dues 1  $6.00 

Paid  1920  dues 92  552.00 

Paid  1921  dues 561  3,366.00 

Paid  1922  dues 12,435  74,610.00 

Paid  1923  dues 1,216  7,296.00 

Total  dues  paid  year  ending  85330.00 

July  26,  1922 14^05 

(106) 


treasureb's  report. 


107 


Deaths  owing  1920  dues 3 

Deaths  owing  1921  dues 10 

Deaths  owing  1022  dues 211 

Resignations  owing  1921  dues..  4 

Resignations  owing  1922  dues..  30 

Dropped  owing  1919  dues 4 

Dropped  owing  1920  dues 180 

Dropped  owing  1921  dues 303 

Dropped  owing  1922  dues 335 

Dropped  owing  1923  dues 1 

Exempted  for  1919  dues 1 

Exempted  for  1920  dues 9 

Exempted  for  1921  dues 8 

Exempted  for  1922  dues 4 

Permanent  exemptions   (1922)..  2 

Members  owing  1921  dues 177 

Members  owing  1922  dues 1,179 

Members  (new)  owing  1923  dues.  002 
Member   reinstated   owing   1923 

dues,  but  not  yet  paid  for. . .    1 

19^^ 
Dr. 


$18.00 
90.00 

i;2eo.oo 

24.00 

216.00 

24.00 

1,080.00 

1318.00 

2,010.00 

0.00 

0.00 

54.00 

48.00 

24.00 

12.00 

1,0@.00 

7,074XK) 

3,612j00 


OjOO    $114,132j00 
$114,132.00 


To  cash  on  hand  at  date  of  last  report 

To  cash  received  from  members  for  subscriptions  to  annual 

dinner  at  Cincinnati 

To  cash  received  from  subscriptions  to  American  Bab  Aiaso- 

ciATioN  Journal  

To  cash  received  from  sale  of  Amkbican  Bab  Association 

Journal   

To  cash  received  from  advertisements  in  the  American  Bab 

Association  Journal 

To  cash  received  from  sale  of  copies  of  annual  reports  of  the 

Association  

To  cash  received  from  sale  of  membership  lists 

To  cash  received  interest  on  funds  deposited  in  savings  banks. 
To  cash  received  interest  on  funds  invested  in  railroad  bonds. . 
To  cash  received  interest  on  funds  invested  in  Liberty  Loan 

bonds 

To  amount  refunded  by  (Dontinental  Memorial  Hall  rent  for 

Conference  at  Washington  of  Bar  Association  Delegates 

on  Legal  Education 

To  amoimt  refunded  by  former  Membership  Committee 

To  amount  refunded  by  Secretary  for  postage  on  1921  annual 

meeting  Committee  Reports 

To  cash  received  for  sale  of  copies  of  proceedings  of  (Don- 

ference  of  Bar  Association  Delegate  on  Legal  Education. . 

To  cash  borrowed  money 

To  cash  received  dues  of  members  $6  each : 

For  1919  1  SOjOO 

1920  92        562i» 


$12,766.48 

4;i56.00 

581.76 

17752 

5,260.09 

111.50 
26.00 

2sn 

712.50 
637^ 


115i»5 
4.65 

54.12 

100.00 
10,000.00 


For 

For  1921  561  3,366X)0 

For  1922  12,435  74^10i)0 

For  1923  1,216  7,296.00 

14^  

Total  receipts $120336j94 


853ao.oo 


108  AMEBICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


-  Summary  of  Disbursements,  August  16i  1921  to  July  26»  1922, 

Inclusive. 

Expenses  of  annual  meeting  1921 $1,653.40 

Expenses  of  annual  meeting  1922 672.76 

Expenses  of  annual  dinner  1921 4322.00 

Stenographer  reporting  annual  meeting  1921 1,658.18 

Hotel  expenses  and  entertainment  of  guests  at  annual 

meeting  1921  552.62 

$8,768.96 

Annual  report: 

Printing    $15396.45 

Shipping    2^9.78 

17,96623 

American  Bar  Association  Journal: 

Printing  monthly  issues  of  Journal  (11  months)  .$18,61331 
Shipping    expenses,    sorting    labels    by    states, 

pasting  wrappers,  labels,  etc ^. . .     1336.01 

Miscellaneous  printing   for  wrappers,  shipping 

labels,  etc 14733 

Printing  index  Vol.  7 19534 

Salary    4,900.00 

Clerk  hire   1,686.00 

Rent    870.00 

Traveling  expenses   90.16 

Payment  of  assistants  in  editorial  work 83.77 

Extra  postage   6.42 

For  office  expense  account  during  year  * 2,272.78 

$30,199.12 

Expenses  of  Executive  Committee 2,606.54 

Amount  of  appropriations  expended  by  committees.     (See 

Schedule  "  A  '^  hereto  attached) 20,984.90 

Addressograph  supplies  and  repairs 148.06 

Furniture  and  equipment 245.70 

Books  and  periodicals 20.60 

Miscellaneous  printing   63S7.40 

Process  letters  and  typewriting  286.68 

Stamps,  stamped  envelopes,  postal  cards  and  parcel  post 2,736.43 

Stationery  and  supplies 172.41 

Sundry  expenses  17633 

Telegraph  and  cable , 254.71 

Telephone  tolls   19831 

Express  and  freight 132.62 

Rent  of  rooms  in  Maryland  Trust  Building,  Baltimore,  Md.. . .         480.00 

Rent  of  storage  room  in  Baltimore,  Md : 33.(X) 

Rent  of  rooms  in  Spencer  Trask  Building,  Albany,  N.  Y 678.74 

President's  expenses  1921 7.44 

Secretary's  traveling  expenses  for  self  and  assistants 33135 

Treasurer's  traveling  expenses 926.45 

Secretary's  office  salary  account 5,000.00 

Treasurer's  office  salary  account 5,000.00 

Treasurer's  salary  5,000.00 

Borrowed  money  repaijd 10,000.00 

Interest  on  borrowed  money 9034 

Total  disbursements    $11731331 

Cash  on  Hand. 

Total  receipts $120,636.94 

Total  disbursements 117313.81 

Cash  on  hand  July  26,  1922 $2323.13 

*  This  item  includes  $1368.90,  postage  on  eleven  iasues  of  the  Joxtrnal, 
September,  1921,  to  July^  1922,  inclusive. 


tbsasubeb's  bepobt.  109 

Bank  Dbposits  and  Cash  on  Hand. 

Funds  deposited  in  savings  banks 163.17 

Funds   deposited    in    Albany   Trust    Co.,    checking 

account    1 2,691^ 

Cash  on  hand  in  Treasurer's  office 68.67 


S2,823.13 


FvNps  Invested. 

10  No.  Pac.  R.  R.  Priw  Lien  4's $9,637  JW 

5  Pa.  R.  R.  Consolidated  4i's 5,356^ 

5  111.  Central  R.  R.  4'8  bought  at  91i 4^75.00 

10  $1,000   U.   8.   Government   bonds    (4i%    Second 

Liberty  Loan)    10,000.00 

5  tlfiOO  U.  8.  Government  bonds  (4i%  Third  Liberty 

Loan    5,000.00 

$34.568.75 

Total  cash  on  hand  and  funds  invested $37^1.88 

8cHBDnij»  "A." 

AMOUNTS  AFPROPBIATIID  TO  AND  EXPENDED  BT  OOMMITrBBS. 

Appropriated 

/ " * 

lMD-1981       102M928  Oommittce  on  Expended 

250X)0      250.00  Comparative  Law  Section 00.00 

500.00 '     500.00  Section  of  Criminal  Law $345.00 

IfiOOJOO    4.250.00  Section  Legal  Education 3,632.21 

250.00      400XK>  Judicial   Section 224.47 

150.00       150.00  Public  Utilities  Section 40.83 

1,250.00    3,000.00  Section  Conference  Bar  Association  Dele- 
gates     3,425.16 

200.00      250.00  Patent  Law  Section 315.71 

OOiX)      200.00  Admiralty  and  Maritime  Law 00.00 

00.00      250.00  Legal  Aid   36^ 

600.00    2,000.00  Commerce,  Trade  and  Commercial  Law..  1,685,67 

300i)0      500.00  Professional  Ethics  and  Grievances 339.42 

OOXX)      750.00  Internal    Revenue    and    its    means    for 

Collection   235.12 

400.00      400.00  Insurance  Law  00.00 

100.00       100.00  International  Law 00.00 

250.00       250X)0  Uniform  Judicial  Procedure  107.40 

1,400.00    l/)00.00  Jurisprudence  and  Law  Reform 663.38 

00.00    1,000.00  Law  Enforcement   1,198.54 

00.00      500.00  Monument  to  Judge  Chase 240.00 

500.00        00.00  Legislative  Drafting  00.00 

3,000XK)        00.00  Membership: 

Lucien  Hurfi  Alexander,  Chairman 30.00 

00.00    3,000.00           Frederick  E.  Wadhams,  Chairman....  4^35.39 

00.00    1,000.00  Judicial  Ethics  OO.QQ 

250.00        00.00  Change  of  Date  of  Presidential  Inaugura- 
tion      00.00 

IjmXJO    1,600.00  PubUcity    U1L31 

450.00      250.00  Classification  and  Restatement  of  the  Law  150.00 

500.00      250.00  Noteworthy  changes  in  Statute  Law 00.00 

00.00    IpOOOXX)  Representatives  of  A.  B.  A.  to  Conference 

Bar  Delegates 635.62 

2,500.00    4,500.00  Commissioners  on  Uniform  State  Laws. . .  1,500.00 

350XK)      350jOO  Law  of  Aviation  12S3I 

Total   $20,984.90 

Fbedebiok  E.  Wadhams, 

Treasurer. 


REPOUT 

OF  THB 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 

San  Pbanoisoo,  Cal.,  August  9, 1922. 
To  the  American  Boar  AssodcUion: 

The  Executive  Committee  respectfully  reports  that  under 
Article  III,  Section  "d/*  of  the  Confititution  providing  for 
election  of  members  between  meetings  of  the  Association,  the 
committee  has  elected  3003  members  of  the  Association,  upon 
nomination  by  a  majority  of  the  Vice-President  and  Iiocal 
Coimcil  of  the  respective  states. 

The  Executive  Committee  has  also,  by  virtue  of  authority  con- 
ferred upon  it  by  Article  III  of  the  Constitution,  elected  to  hono- 
rary membership.  Sir  John  A.  Simon  of  London,  England,  and 
Dr.  Sokuichiro  Masujima,  of  Tokyo,  Japaa. 

The  Executive  Committee  met  at  Tampa,  Florida,  January  9, 
10  and  11,  1922.  Many  matters  of  detail  in  the  work  of  the 
Association  were  brought  before,  and  passed  upon  by  the  com- 
mittee, as  more  fully  appears  from  the  minutes  of  these  meetings. 

The  committee  has  kept  in  close  touch  with  the  Board  of 
Editors  of  the  American  Bak  Association  Journal,  now  com- 
pleting its  second  year  as  a  monthly  periodical.  In  September 
and  January,  the  committee  conferred  personally  with  the  Board 
of  Editors  of  the  Journal.  The  committee  at  the  beginning  of 
the  current  year,  upon  request  of  the  Chairman  of  the  Board  of 
Editors  of  the  Journal,  placed  at  the  disposal  of  the  board  an 
allowance  not  exceeding  $40,000,  for  the  year  ending  August, 
1922.  The  board  reports  regularly  to  the  committee  concerning 
receipts  and  disbursements.  The  expense  of  publishing  the 
Journal  for  the  year  has  amounted  to  $30,531.20,  whereof, 
$6,178.91  has  been  repaid  by  advertising  and  subscriptions  mak- 
ing the  net  expense  $24,352.29,  or  an  average  net  expense  of 
$2029.35  per  month. 

(110) 


RBPORT   OF  EXSCUTIYB  COMMITTEB.  Ill 

The  committee  appropriated  the  sum  of  $5000  to  Frederick  E. 
Wadhams  in  recognition  of  his  valued  and  continued  service  to 
the  American  Bar  Association  for  the  past  twenty  years. 

The  committee  passed  resolutions  favoring  certain  proposed 
legislation  pending  in  Congress  and  authorized  the  President 
to  take  appropriate  steps  in  support  thereof^  as  follows : 

1.  Senate  Bill  No.  2433,  providing  for  an  appointment  of 
18  additional  federal  judges. 

2.  Senate  Bill  No.  2870  providing  for  uniformity  of  procedure 
in  practice  in  federal  courts. 

The  committee  approved  the  list  of  General  Council,  for  the 
separate  jurisdiction  of  the  Philippine  Islands.  The  committee 
invited  the  members  of  the  American  Bar  Association  resident  in 
China  to  hold  a  meeting  and  elect  General  Council,  Vice-Presi- 
dent and  Local  Council  from  that  jurisdiction  under  the  name  of 
the  American  Bar  Assodation  in  China. 

The  committee  ha^  received  from  Dr.  R.  Masujima  of  Tokyo, 
Japan,  a  communication  addressed  to  the  American  Bar  Associa- 
tion inviting  this  Association  to  join  the  International  Bar 
Association  with  headquarters  at  Tokyo.  The  committee  has 
been  forced  to  decline  this  invitation,  because  under  the  Consti- 
tution of  this  Association,  its  activities  and  powers  are  limited  to 
the  United  States  of  America. 

Under  the  authority  of  the  committee,  the  President  has  ap- 
pointed the  following  special  committees : 

1.  Committee  on  Coordination  of  Work  of  Sections  and  Com- 
mittees, consisting  of  Messrs.  John  B.  Corliss,  Thomas  W.  Shelton, 
C.  A.  Severance  and  George  B.  Young.  The  report  of  this 
special  conunittee  is  herewith  attached  as  part  hereof. 

2.  Committee  on  Marking  the  Grave  of  Chief  Justice  Chase, 
composed  of  Messrs.  Selden  P.  Spencer,  Andrew  Squire  and  Guy 
W.  Mellon.  This  committee  has  selected  a  suitable  monument, 
cQntracted  for  its  erection  and  collected  the  sum  of  $4000  to 
defray  the  expense  thereof. 

3.  Committee  on  Uniformity  of  Size  of  Records  and  Briefs 
consisting  of  Messrs.  Thomas  W.  Shelton  and  Thomas  C. 
McGlellan. 


112  AMEBIOAN  BAB  ASSOOIATIOK. 

4.  Committee  on  Defining  Scope  and  Activities  of  Standing 
Committee  on  ProfesBional  Ethics  and  Grievances  consisting  of 
Messrs.  Thomas  C.  McClellan^  John  T.  Bichards  and  Thomas 
Francis  Howe. 

5.  Committee  on  Judicial  Ethics  consisting  of  Chief  Justice 
Taft^  Chief  Justice  Leslie  C.  Cornish  of  Maine,  Chief  Justice 
Robert  von  Moschzisker  of  Pennsylvania,  and  Messrs.  George 
Sutherland  and  Charles  A.  Boston.  This  committee  has  held 
meetings  and  the  matter  is  still  under  consideration. 

6.  Committee  on  Promotion  of  American  Ideals  composed  of 
Messrs.  Martin  J.  Wade,  Edgar  B.  Tolman,  Walter  George  Smith, 
R.  E.  L.  Saner  and  Andrew  A.  Bruce.  The  report  of  this  com- 
mittee will  be  submitted  at  a  later  session. 

7.  Committee  on  Index  to  Legal  Periodicals  composed  of 
Messrs.  George  B.  Young,  W.  0.  Hart  and  Frederick  E.  Wadhams. 

8.  Committee  on  Internal  Revenue  Law  and  Its  Means  of  Col- 
lection, consisting  of  Messrs.  Charles  Henry  Butler,  Murray  M. 
Shoemaker,  William  H.  FoUand,  George  M.  Morris,  Benjamin 
W.  Kernan.  The  report  of  this  committee  will  be  submitted  at 
a  later  session. 

9.  Committee  on  Removal  of  Government  Liens  on  Real  Estate 
consisting  of  Messrs.  John  T.  Richards,  Chester  I.  Long  and 
John  A.  Chambliss.  This  committee  still  has  the  matter  under 
consideration. 

The  Executive  Committee  invited  the  International  Bar  Asso- 
ciation and  the  Canadian  Bar  Association  to  send  one  or  more 
delegates  to  attend  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Association. 

The  President  appointed  the  following  delegates  on  behalf  of 
the  Association,  to  attend  the  meetings  indicated: 

Henry  W.  Anderson  and  Silas  H.  Strawn  to  attend  the  meeting 
of  the  American  Academy  of  Political  and  Social  Science  in 
Philadelphia  on  May  12  and  13,  1922. 

Henry  St.  George  Tucker  to  attend  the  William  and  Mary 
College  celebration. 

John  W.  Davis  to  attend  the  meeting  of  the  Canadian  Bar 
Association  in  Vancouver  August  16,  17  and  18,  1922. 

The  committee  further/  reports  that,  in  accordance  with  By- 
Laws  X  and  XII,  appropriations  were  made  for  the  use  of  the 


REPOBT  OF  EXSOUTIYB  COMMITTEE.  113 

respective  committees^  sections^  etc.^  not  exceeding  the  following 
amounts : 

SECTIONS. 

AmouDts 

L^al  Education  $4^50.00 

Conference  of  Bar  Association  Delegates 3,000.00 

Commissioners  on  Uniform  State  Laws 4,500.00 

Judicial  Section    400.00 

Patent,  Trade-Mark  and  Copyright  Law 250.00 

Comparative  Law  Bureau  250.00 

Pubhc  Utility  Law  150.00 

Criminal  Law 600.00 

COMMITTEES. 

Commerce,  Trade  and  Commercial  Law 2,000.00 

International  Law   100.00 

Insurance  Law 400.00 

Jurisprudence  and  Law  Reform 1,000.00 

Professional  Ethics  and  Grievances  500.00 

Admirality  and  Maritime  Law 200.00 

Publicity    1,500.00 

Noteworthv  Changes  in  Statute  Law 250.00 

Membership    3,000.00 

Uniform  Judicial  Procedure  250.00 

Classification  and  Restatement  of  the  Law 250.00 

Law  of  Aeronautics  350.00 

Legal  Aid 250.00 

Law  Enforcement  1,000.00 

Marking  Grave  of  Chief  Justice  Cha% 500.00 

Representatives  of  American  Bar  Association 1,000.00 

Internal  Revenue  and  its  Means  of  Collection. . . .  750.00 

Judicial  Ethics 1,000.00 

Total    $27,600jOO 

Bespectfully  submitted, 

CoRDBNio  A.  Severance, 
Fbederigk  E.  Wabhams, 
Hugh  H.  Brown, 
John  B.  Corliss, 
John  T.  Richards, 
Thomas  W.  Blackburn, 
William  Brosmith, 
^        S.  E.  Ellsworth, 

Thomas  W.  Shelton, 
"      W.  Thomas  Kemp. 


MEMBERS  AND  DELEGATES  REGISTERED 

AT  THE 

FORTY-FIFTH  ANNUAL  MEETING 


1922. 


CANADA. 

ADglln,  Justice,  Ottawa. 
Baxter,  John  B.  If.,  St.  John. 
Daviaon,    Geoxge    Hark,    Vancouver. 
Lockyer,  Arthur  Leonard,  Vancouver. 
Martin,  Hon.  J.  E.,  Montreal,  Quebec. 
Surveyer,   E.   Fabre,   Montreal. 
Taylor,   S.   S.,   Vancouver. 

FRANOE. 
Aubepin,  Henry,  Paria. 

JAPAN. 

Hanoaka,  Toshlo,  Tokya 
Masujima,  R.,  Tokyo. 

ALABAMA. 

Acker,  William  P.,  Anniston. 
Oabanisa,   E.   H.,    Birmingham. 
Cooper,    Lawrence,    Huntsville. 
Dixon,  J.  K.,  Talladega. 
Nelson,  Geo.  A.,  Decatur. 

ARIZONA. 

Olark,  E.  A.,  Phoenix. 
OoUina,  Huber  A.,  Yuma. 
Oraig,   J.   Early,   Phoenix. 
Curley,  Frank  E.,  Tucson. 
Davis,  Robert  M.,  Tucson. 
Favour,  A.  H.,  Prescott. 
OUroore,  W.  O.,  Dotiglas. 
Oung'l,  John  C,  Willoox. 
Hartman,  Francis  M.,  Tucson. 
Jayne,  A.  A.,  Oasa  Grande. 
Knapp,   0.   T.,    Bisbee. 
Lamson,  Richard,  Prescott. 
Lavin,  James  P.,  Phoenix. 
Marka,   Bamett  B.,  Phoenix. 
Mathews,  Olifton,  Globe. 
Norris,  Thomas  G.,  Prescott 
Pickett,    Harry  E.,   Douglas. 
Stahl,  Floyd  M.,  Phoenix. 
Sullivan,  John  L.,  Prescott. 
WilklDBon,  H.  B.,  Phoenix. 
Wilson,  a  B.,  Flagstaff. 
Winsett,  A.  L,  Tucson. 


ARKANSAS. 

Haunter,  J.  H.,  Little  Rock. 
Mann,  S.  H.,  Forrest  City. 
Pace,  Frank,  Little  Rock. 

CALIFORNIA. 

Abbott,   Wm.    M.,    San   Francisco. 
Ach,  Heniy;  San  Francisco. 
Ackerman,   Lloyd   S.,   San  Francisco. 
Adams,  Anette  Abbott,  San  Francisco. 
Adams,  Charles  Albert,  San  Francisco. 
Adams,   William  F.,  Los  Angeles. 
Agnew,  Albert  C,  San  Francisco. 
Allan,  R.  E.,  San  Francisco. 
Allan,  Thos.  A.,  San  Francisca 
Allard,   Joseph  A.   Jr.,   Pomona. 
Altman,  John  C,  San  Frandsoo. 
Ames,  Alden,  San  Frandsoo. 
Anderson,  Clarendon  W.,  Santa  Rosa. 
Anderson,  William  H.,  Loa  Angeles. 
Andrews,  A.  V.,  Los  Angeles. 
Andrews,  William  Samuel,  San  Francisco. 
Angellotti,  F.  M.,  San  Francisco. 
Appel,  Cyril,  San  Frandsco. 
Arendt,   Margaret,   San  Francisco. 
Armstrong,  £.  H.,  Grass  Valley. 
Armstrong,  R.  M.  J.,  San  Frandsco. 
Ashbum,  Allen  W.,  Los  Angeles. 
Ashley,  A.  H.,  Stockton. 
Atwood,  C.  G.,   San  Franciaca 
Austin,  Frank  B.,  San  Francisco. 
Aynesworth,   G.   L.,    Fresno. 
Bailey,  A.  G.,  Woodland. 
Barber,   L.   N.,   Fresna 
Barber,  Oscar  T.,  San  Francisco. 
Barcroft,  Joseph,  Madera. 
Bardin,  Judge  J.  A.,  Salinas. 
Barendt,  Arthur  H.,  San  Francisco. 
Barrett,  R.  M.,  Santa  Rosa. 
Barrowa,  R.  K.,  San  Francisco. 
Barrows,  W.  H.,  San  Francisco 
Baylees,  W.   S.,  San  Francisco. 
Beardsley,  Charles  A.,  Oakland. 
Beckett,  O.  Tucker,  San  Francisco. 
Becsey,  Roland,  San  Frandsco. 
Beebe,  George,  Los  Angeles. 
Beedy,  Louis   S.,   San    Francisco. 


(114) 


MEMBERS   AND  DELEGATES   BE0I8TEBED. 


115 


'    B«ll,  Golden  W.,  San  FranciRCO. 
Bennett,  Eugene  D.,*San  Francisco. 
BeiiB^rot,  P.  A.,  San  Francisco. 
Berry,  Fred.  L.,  San  Francisco. 
Bickder,  W.  S.,  Los  Angeles. 
Bien,  Joeeph  E.,  San  Francisco. 
Billings,  Addie  K.,  Oalistoga. 
Bingham,  Joseph  W.,  Stanford  University. 
Binnard,  Morris,  San  Diego. 
Bischoff,  Heniy  J.,  San  Diego. 
Black,  A.  P.,  San  Francisco. 
Blakem&n,  T.  Z.,  San  Francisco. 
Blanckenbuig,    G.    B.,    Berkeley. 
Bledsoe,   Benjamin  P.,  Los  Angeles. 
Bluzome,  Joseph  P.,  San  Francisco. 
Boland,  P.  Eldred,  San  Francisco. 
Bolton,  Arthur  W.,  San  Francisco. 
Booth,  Henley  O.,  Berkeley. 
Bordwell,  Walter,   Loa  Angeles. 
Borland,  Robert  H.,  San  Francisco. 
Bosley,  Wm.  B.,  San  Franciaco. 
Boyken,  A.  W.,  San  Francisco. 
Boynton,   Albert  E.,   San  Francisco. 
Boynton,  Chas.  0.,  San  Francisco. 
BradlQr,  Christopher  M.,   San  Francisco. 
Brand,   Clyde   H.,    Sacramento. 
Brandenatein,  H.  U.,  San  Francisco. 
Braun,  Walter  S.,  San  Francisco. 
Breckenridge,  James  J.,  San  Diego. 
Brennan,   Robert,   Lot  Angeles. 
Bridgford,  Eugene  A.,  San  Francisco. 
Britt,  E.  W.,  Los  Angeles. 
Brittain,  P.   S.,   San  Francisco. 
Brobeck,  W.  L,  San  Francisco. 
Bronson,  Roy  jL,  San  Francisca 
Brookman,  Douglas,  San  Francisco. 
Brouillet,   A.    W.,   San   Francisco. 
Brown,  William  B.,  Los  Angeles. 
Brown,  Joseph  A.,  San  Francisco. 
Brun,  S.  J.,  San  Francisco. 
Bryan,  Wm.  Jennings,  Jr.,  Los  Angeles. 
Buck,  George  P.,   Stockton. 
Buckley,  Christopher  A.,  San  Francisco. 
Bull,  Franklin  P.,  San  Francisco. 
Bullock.  Georgia  P.,  Los  Angeles. 
Burke,  Andrew  P.,  San  Francisco. 
Burnett,  W.   S.,  San  Francisco. 
Bush,  Gea   B.,  Sacramento. 
Butler,  J.  W.  S.,  Sacramento. 
Butler,  M.  B.,  Pasadena. 
Byington,   Lewia  P.,   San  Francisco. 
Cabaniss,  Judge  George  H.,  San  Franolsco. 
Gahill,  Lawrence  If.,  San  Mateo. 
Oalfee.  Tsar  N.,  Richmond. 
Campbell,  Donald  Torke,   San  Francisco. 
Canfield,  Robert  B.,   Santa  Barbara. 
Carline,  A.  M.  Jr.,  Santa  Rosa. 
Qarlaon,  Arthur  J.,  Modesto. 


Carr.  Francis,  Redding. 
Carr,  Sterling,  San  Francisco. 
Garter,  Royle  A.,  San  Francisco. 
Gary,  W.  P.,  San  Diego. 
Cashman,  W.  E.,  San  Francisco. 
Castberg,  Biame,  Los  Angele& 
Cathcart,  A.  M.,  Palo  Alto. 
Caulfleld,  C.  Harold,  San  Francisca 
Chamberlain,  R.  H.  Jr.,  Oakland. 
Chamberlin,  Heibert,  San  Francisco. 
Chambers,  William,  Loa  Angelea. 
Chandler,  A.  E.,  San  FYandaeo. 
Chandler,  Jeff.  P.,  Los  Angeles. 
Chapman,  Edgar  C,  San  Francisco. 
Chase,  Charles  W.,  Los  Angeles. 
Chenoweth,  Orr  M.,  Redding. 
Ghickering,  Allen  L.,  San  Francisco. 
Childs,  Enid,  San  Francisco. 
Church,  Lincoln  S.,  Oakland. 
Clark,  Herbert  W.,  San  Francisco. 
Clarke,  Robert  M.,  Loa  Angeles. 
Clayaon,  Walter  S.,  Corona. 
Clock,  Ralph  H.,  Long  Beach. 
Cluff,  Alfred,  T.,  San  Francisco. 
Coe,  Arthur  P.,  Los  Angelea. 
Coffey,  Edward  I.,  San  Francisca 
Coffey,  Jeremiah  Y.,  San  Francisco. 
Coghlan,  John  P.,  San  Francisca 
Cohen,  Louia,  Atascadero. 
Colby,  Wm.  E.,  San  Francisco. 
Cole,  Cornelius,  Los  Angeles. 
Cole,  Franklin  J.,  El  Centro. 
Coleberd,  J.  W.,  South  San  Francisco. 
Collins,  Victor  F«rd,  Los  Angles. 
Colston,  Jamea  E.,  San  Francisco. 
Connolly,  George  A.,  San  Francisco. 
Conrey,  N.  P.,  Los  Angeles. 
Cooley,  A.  E.,  San  Francisco. 
Corbet,  Burke,  San  Francisco. 
Cormac,  T.  E.   K.,  San  Francisco. 
Cornish,  Frank  V.,  Berkeley. 
Cosgrove,  T.  B.,  Los  Angeles. 
Countryman,  Robert  H.,  San  Francisco. 
Orabbe,   John   Hammond,   San   Francisco. 
Craig,  Hugh  H.,  Riverside. 
Crane,  A.  Bathurst,  San  Francisco. 
Creed,  Wigginton  E.,  San  Francisco. 
Orider,  Joe,  Jr.,  Los  Angeles'. 
Crocker,  Chas.   H.,   Sacramento. 
Crosby,  Peter  J.,  Hayward. 
Cross,  J.   M.,  Modesto. 
Cross,  R.  H.,  San  Francisco. 
Crothers,  Qeo.  E.,  San  Francisco. 
Crothers,  Thomas  G.,  San  Francisco. 
Crow,  S.  E.,  Santa  Barbara. 
Crump,   Guy  Richards,  Los   Angeles. 
Cullinan,  Eustace,  Ban  Francisco. 
Cnlver,  Richard  J.  0.,  Los  Angeles. 


116 


AMERICAN  BAR  ASSOCIATION. 


Cunha,  Edward  A.,  San  FrancMOO. 
Curran,  John  M.,  Santa  Barbara. 
Curtis,  J.   W.,  San  Bernardino. 
Cushln^,  Charles  S.,  San  Francisco. 
Cushing,  0.  K.,  San  Francisco. 
Outten,  Charles  P.,  San  Francisco. 
Cuttrell,  C.  J.,  Yreka. 
Dall,  Cornelius  O.,  San  Francisco. 
Daney,  Eugene,  San  Diego. 
Darlington,  Barton,  Los  Angeles. 
Davis,  W.  Jefferson,  San  Di^^. 
Davison,  C.  W.,  San  Jose. 
Deahl,  John  L.,  San  Francisco. 
Dearing,  Milton  M.,  Fresno, 
de  Bettencourt,  Jose  L.,  San  Francisco. 
Deering,  Frank  P.,  San  Francisco. 
Deering,  James  H.,  San  Francitoo. 
DeForest,  Joseph  O.,  San  Francisco. 
De  Oarmo,  G.  C,  Los  Angeles. 
Dehm,  W.  H.,  Los  Angeles. 
Dehy,  Wm.  D.,  Independence. 
De  Lap,  T.   H.,  Richmond. 
De  Ligne,  A.  A,  San  Francisca 
Denman,  William,  San  Francisco. 
Dennett,  L.  L.,  Modesto. 
Derby,  S.  Basket,  San  Franci«co. 
Demham,  Monte.  A.,  San  Francisco. 
De  Roy,  Irvin  E.,  San  Francisco. 
Dessouslavy,  A.  P.,  San  Francisco. 
Devlin,  Frank  A.,  San  Francisco. 
Devlin,  Wm.  H.,  Sacramento. 
Devoto,  Anthony  S.,   San  Francisco. 
Dibblee,  Albert  J.,  San  Francisco. 
Dinkelspiel;  Heniy  O.  W.*  San  Francisco. 
Docker,  P.  W.,  Fresno. 
Dockweiler,  Isidore  B.,  Los  AngelsR. 
Dockweiler,  Thos.  A.  J.,  Los  Angeles. 
Dole,  Edward  J.,  Petaluma. 
Donahue,  William  H.,  Oakland. 
Dooling,  Maurice  T.,  Jr.,  San  Frandsoo. 
Dom,  Winfleld,  San  Francisco. 
Dorr,  Frederick  W.,  San  Francisco. 
Dorsey,  J.  W.,  San  Francisco. 
Douglas,  J.  Franklin,  San  Francisco. 
Dow,  W.  A.,  San  Francisco. 
Downing,  William  S.,  San  Francisco. 
Doyle,  Clyde,  Long  Beach. 
Dreher,  Fred  L.,  San  Francisco. 
Drew,  A.  M.,  Fresna 
Drobisch,  Walter  E.,  San  Frandaco. 
Drum,  John  S.,  San  Francisco. 
Dunlap,  Boutwell,  San  Francisco. 
Dunne,  Frank  H.,  San  Francisco. 
Dunn,  Jesse  J.,  Oakland. 
Dwyer,  J.  J.,  San  Francisco. 
Eells,  Charles  P.,  San  Francisco. 
Ehrman,  Sidney  M.,  San  Francisco. 
Eickhoff,  Henry,  San  Francisco. 


Ellison,  Judge  John  P.,  Red  BlulT. 
Ellsworth,  Oliver,  San-  Francisco. 
Emmons,  George  E.,  Ross. 
Erskine,  Herbert  W.,  San  Francisco. 
Erskine,  Morse,  San  Franciioo. 
Estudillo,  Miguel,  Riverside. 
Evans,  Lyman,  Riverside. 
Evans,  Perry,  San  Franciaco. 
Eversole,  Keith  C,  Ukiah. 
Fallon,  Joseph  P.,  San  Francisco. 
Farmer,  Milton  T.,  San  Francisco. 
Faulconer,  Mrs.  Oda,  Los  Angeles. 
Finch,  Fabius  T.,  San  Francisco. 
Finch,  Wilbur  D.,  Los  Angeles. 
Fisher,  Eugene  I.,  Long  Beach. 
Fitch,  J.  R.,  Fresna 
Fitzgerald,  R.  M.,  Oakland. 
Fletcher,   Kimball,  Los  Angeles. 
Foerster,  Roland  C,  San  Frandsco. 
Foltz,  Clara  Shortridge,  Los  Angeles. 
Ford,  Tirey  L.,  San  Frandsco. 
Ford,  W.  J.,  Los  Angeles. 
Foulds,  E.  J.,  San  Frandsoo. 
Fourtner,  August  L.,  San  Francisco. 
Fratessa,  Paul  F.,  San  Frandaco. 
Freeman,  G.  R.,  Riverside. 
Freitas,  Lawrence  T.,  Stockton. 
Frohman,  Isaac,  San  Francisco. 
Frost,  C.  A  S.,  San  Frandsco. 
Fulton,   R.    M.,   Los   Angeles. 
Funke,  H.  W.,  Sacramento. 
Geibel,  Martin  E.,  Los  Angeles. 
Gerstle,  Mark  I.,  San  Frandaca 
Gherini,   Ambrose,  San  Frandsco. 
Gibbs,  George  A.,  PasadefUu 
Gibson,  hving  D.,  Sacramento. 
Gifford,  F.  W.,  Los  Angeles. 
Goldberg,  John  J.,  San  Francisco. 
Goodell,   C.   J.,   San   Frandsoo. 
Goodfellow,  Hugh,  San  Francisco. 
Goodman,  Louis  E.,  San  Frandsoo. 
Goodspeed,  Richard  C,  Lot  Angeles. 
Gordon,  Hugh,  San  Francisco. 
Gordon,  Hugh  T.,  Loa  Angeles. 
Gorrill,  William  H.,  San  Frandaco. 
Goebey,  P.  F.,  San  Jose. 
Graham,  Wm.  S.,  San  Frandsco. 
Granger.  Kyle  G.,  Los  Angeles. 
Grant,  William,  San  Francisco. 
Gray,  Chas.  A.,  San  Frandsca 
Gray,  Gordon,  San  Diego. 
Gray,  R.  S.,  San  Frandsoo. 
Gregoiy.  H.  D.,  Oroville. 
Gregory,  T.  T.  C,  San  Francisco. 
Griffith,  R.  Williams,  San  Francisco. 
Griffith,  W.  G.,  Santa  Barbara. 
Griffiths,  L.  P.,  San  Francisco. 
Qroene,  John  F.,  Daly  City. 


inSMBBBS  AND  DBLBQATKS  BSGI8TBBED. 


117 


Outhrle,  8.  W.,  Lob  Angelea. 

Haber,  Joseph  Jr.,  San  FranclBco. 

Ha6k«tty  O.  Nebon,  San  Franciaco. 

Hadaell,  Dan,  San  Francisco. 

Bahn,  BenJ.  W.»  Paiadena. 

Haluif  Edwin  F.,  Paaadena. 

Haines,  A.,  San  Diego. 

Haines,  Hartin  L.,  Los  Angeles. 

Hains,  T.  W.,  Oakland. 

Hale,  Theodore,  San  Francisco. 

Hall,  Frank,  San  FrandBoo. 

Hanbley,  F.  J.,  San  Jose. 

Hamm,  Lw  S.,  San  Francisco. 

Hammon,  Percy  Y.,  Loa  Angeles. 

Hanley,  James  M.,  San  Francisco. 

Hanloo,  Charles  F.,  San  Francisco. 

Hannum,  O.  S.,  Richmond. 

HardUig,  R.  T.,  San  Francisco. 

Hardy*  Ckrlos  S.,  Los  Angeles. 

Harris,  A.  P.,  Fresno. 

Harris,  IL  K.,  Fresno. 

Harrison,  Ifaurlce  £.,  San  Frandsco. 

Harrison,  Ridiard  O.,  San  Frandsoo. 

Hart,  John  W.,  Los  Angeles. 

HarvQr,  F.  N.,  Bakersfleld. 

Hatfield,  V.  Lw,  Sacramento. 

Haven,  Thomas  E.,  Ban  Francisco. 

Haven,  Harold  B.,  San  Franciaoo. 

Hanson,  Heniy,  Fresno. 

Hayhurst,  L.  B.,  Fresno. 

Haalett,  William  Los  Angeles. 

Healy,  Timothy,  San  Francisco. 

Hean^,  John  W.,  Santa  Barbara. 

Heller,  E.  S.,  San  Francisco. 

Hengstler,  Louis  T.,  San  Francisco. 

Henshall,  Richard  Percy,  San  Frandsoo. 

Herrington,  B.  A.,  Los  Angeles. 

Herrington,  George,  San  Francisco. 

Hettman,  Walter  E.,  San  Francisco. 
Hess,  W.  T.,  San  Francisco. 
Hewitt,  Leslie  R.,  Los  Angeles. 
Heywood,  John  Oxithrle,  San  Francisco. 
Hill,  Ohaffee  E.,  San  Frandsco. 
Hillyer,  Ourtia,  San  Diego. 
Hinckley,  Frank  E.,  San  Frandsca 
Hooker,  J.  W.,  Los  Angeles. 
Hodghead,  Beverly  L.,  San  Francisco. 
Hoge,  J.  Hampton,  San  Francisco. 

Hoefler,  L.  If.,  San  Frandsco. 
Hohfeld,  Edward,  San  Francisco. 
Hollxer,  Harry  A.,  Los  Angelea 
Houghton,  Edward  T.,  San  Frandsco. 

How,  Jared,  Ban  Francisco. 
Hubbard,  T.  W.,  San  Francisco. 
Hubbard,  William  P.,  San  Francisco. 

Hoebner,  F.  O.,  Fresno. 

Hughes,  Oharles  T.,  San  Frandsco. 

Humphrey,  0.  F.,  Ban  Franosoo. 


Humphreys,  William  Penn,  San  Fjrandsco. 
Hunsaker,  Wm.  J.,  Los  Angeles. 
Hunt,  William  H.,  San  Frandsco. 
Hunter,  Ben  S.,  Los  Angeles. 
Hutchinson,  Joseph  K.,  San  Frandsco. 
Hynes,  W.  H.  L.,  Oakland. 
Irving.  W.  G.,  Rlvexslde 
Jacks,  L.  S.,  San  Frandsco. 
Jackson,  B.  If.,  San  Frandsco. 
Jacobs,  Henry  A.,  San  Frandsco. 
James,  Frank,  Los  Angeles. 
James,  L.  L.  Jr.,  San  Francisco. 
Jameson,   Max.  D.,  Porterville. 
Jennings,  J.  B.,  Modesto. 
Jensen,  Oonstan,  Los  Angeles. 
Johnson,  J.  LeRoy,  Stockton. 
Johnson,  Lincoln  V.,  San  Frandsco. 
Jones,  Qeorge  L.,  Nevada  City. 
Jones,  Geo.  W.,  Fresno. 
Jones,  Herbert  OL,  San  Jose. 
Jones,  Madison  Ralph,  San  FranciKo. 
Jones,  Mattiflon  B.,  Los  Angeles. 
Jordan,  Thomas  O.,  San  Frandsca 
Judkins,  T.  O.,  San  Francisco. 
Kadlets,  Los  Angeles. 
Kapp,  Geo.  F.,  Long  Beach. 
Kaufman,  Helen,  San  Frandsco. 
Kauke,  Frank,  Fresno. 
Kaye,  W.  W.,  Bakersfleld. 
Keane,  Augustin  0.,  Si^  Francisco. 
Keeler,  P.  E.,  Long  Beach. 
Keesling,  Francis  V.,  San  Frandsco. 
Eehoe,  William,  San  Frandsoo. 
Kelly,  James  Raleigh,  San  Frandsco. 
Kelso,  Ivan,  Los  Angeles. 
Kemp,  John  W.,  Los  Angeles. 
Kennedy,  Lawrence  S.,  Redding. 
Kenney,  Elizabeth  L.,  Los  Angeles. 
Kerrigan,  Fiwik  H.,  San  Frandsoo. 
Keyes,  Alexander  D.,  San  Frandsco. 
Kidd,  A.  M.,  Berkeley. 
Kimball,  Rufus  H.,  San  Frandsco. 
King,  Percy  S.,  Napa. 
Kirfoy,  Lewis,  San  Diego. 
Kirk,  Joseph,  San  Frandsca 
Kirkbride,  Charles  N.,  San  Mateo. 
Knight,  E.  D.,  San  Frandsca 
Knight,  Samuel,  San  Frandsca 
Koford,  Joseph  S.,  Oakland. 
Kollmyer,  W.  B.,  San  Frandsco. 
Lady,  William  Ellis,  Los  Angeles. 
Lamson,  J.  S.,  San  Francisco. 
Langdon,  W.  H.,  San  Frandsco. 
Langhome,  James  P.,  San  Frandsco. 
Lansburgh,  S.  Laa,  San  Frandsoo. 
Laughlin,  Gail,  San  Frandsco. 
Lawlor,  William,  San  Frandsco. 
LawsoD,  Oord<»,  Los  Angeles. 


118 


AMSaiOAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


Lee»  Bradner  W.,  Los  Angeles. 
Lee,  Bradner  Weill  Jr.,  Los  Angeles. 
Lee,  Kenyon  Farrar,  Los  Angeles. 
Leicester,  J.  F.,  San  Francisco. 
Leitoh,  Miss  Oonstanoe,  Lm  Angeles. 
Lennon,  Thos.  J.,  San  Francisco. 
Levinsky,  Arthur  L.,  Stockton. 
Lery,  David  L.,  San  Francisco. 
Levy,  Lawrence  L.,  San  Francisco. 
Lewis,  John  11.^  San  Francisco. 
Libby,  Warren  E.,  San  Diego. 
Liechti,  Arnold  W.,  San  Francisco. 
Lillick,  Ira  S.,  San  Francisca 
Lindl^,  Fred.  E.,  San  Diego. 
Lindsay,  Oarl,  Fresno. 
Lingenhelter,  O.  Homer,  San  Francisco. 
Linney,  H.  H.,  San  Francisco. 
Loeb,  Albert  I.,  San  Francisco. 
Loeb,  Joeeph  P.,  Los  Angeles. 
Loewy,  Walter,  San  Francisco. 
Long,  Perqy  Y.,  San  Francisco. 
Lovell,  Charles  H.,  San  Francisco. 
Luce,  Edgar  A.,  San  Di^o. 
Lum,  Burt  F.,  San  Francisco. 
Lyders,  E.,  San  Francisco. 
MacNeil,  Sayre,  Los  Angeles. 
McAuliife,  F.   K.,   San   Francisco. 
McCaughan,  Geo.  E.,  Long  Beach. 
McCaughey,  J.  W.,  San  Francisco. 
McCorkle,  John  ^.,  San  Diego. 
McCormick,  Paul  J.,  Los  Angeles. 
McCoy,  A.  M.,  Red  BluiT. 
McCutchen,  Edward  J.,  San  Francisco. 
McDaniel,  Eugene  P.,  Marysville. 
McDill,  George  W.,  Los  Angeles. 
McEnerney,  Garret  W.,  San  Francisco. 
Mclnioeh,  Miles  W.,  San  Francisco. 
McKeon,  Joseph  B.,  San  Francisco. 
McKevitt,  Hugh  K.,  San  Francisco. 
McKinlQT,  James  W.  Jr.,  Los  Angeles. 
McKinstry,  J.  C,  San  Francisco. 
McLaughlin,  C.  £.,  Sacramento. 
McNab,  Gavin,  San  Francisco. 
McNitt,  Rollin  L.,  Los  Angeles. 
McNoble,  George  F.,  Stockton. 
McNuIty,  Frederick,  San  Francisco. 
McNutt,  Maxwell,  San  Francisco. 
McWhinney,  C.  C,  Long  Beach. 
McWllliams,  R.  L.,  San  Francisco. 
Madison,  Frank  D.,  San  Francisco. 
Magee,  E.  DeLoe,  San  Francisco. 
Maher,  D.  F.,  Watsonville. 
Mahon,  K.  S.,  Tuba  City. 
Malcolm,  Norman  E.,  Palo  Alto. 
Mann,  Seth,  San  Frandsoo. 
Marrin,  Paul  S.,  San  Francisco. 
Marshall,  Humphrey,  Los  Angeles. 
Marshall,  John  W.,  San  Francisco. 


Martin,  George  Miner,  Los  Angeles. 
May,  Henry  F.,   San  Francisco. 
May,  Prof.  Samuel  C,  University  of  Cat. 
Mazuran,  Marion  J.,  San  Francisco. 
Metteer,  0.  F.,  Sacramento. 
Meyerstein,  Joeeph  O.,  San  Francisco. 
Michelson,  Albert,  San  Francisco. 
Miller,  H.  B.  M.,  San  Francisco. 
Miller,  J.  Paul,  San  Francisca 
Miller,  John  H.,  San  Francisco. 
Miller,  K.  A.,  Los  Angeles. 
Milverton,  Frederick  W.,  San  Francisco. 
Mirow,  William  G.,  San  Diego. 
Mitchell,  Edward  J.,  San  Francisco. 
Molkenbuhr,  S.  W.,  San  Francisco. 
Monroe,  Charles,  Los  Angelesi 
Monroe,  Henry  E.,  San  Francisco. 
Monteagle,  Paige,  San  Francisco. 
Moore,  Stanley,  San  Francisco. 
Moran,  Edward  F.,  San  Francisco. 
Moran,  Nathan,  San  Francisco. 
Morris,  Chas.  B.,  San  Francisco. 
Morris,  Leon  E.,  San  Francisco. 
Morrison,  Fred  W.,  Los  Angelesw 
Morrow,  Wm.  W.,  San  Francisco. 
Mossholder,  W.  J.,  San  Diego. 
Mott,  John  G.,  Los  Angeles. 
Moulthrop,  J.  R.,  San  Francisco. 
Mueller,  Oscar  O.,  Los  Angeles.  .^ 

Myers,  I«ouis  W.,  Los  Angeles. 
Nathan,  Milton  A.,  San  Francisco. 
Newby,  Nathan,  Los  Angeles. 
Newhouse,  Hugo  D.,  San  Francisco. 
Newmark,  Milton,  San  Francisco. 
Newlin,  Gumey  E.,  Loe  Angeles. 
Neylan,  John  Francis,  San  Francisco. 
Noble,  Col.  Robert  H.,  San  Francisco. 
North,  H.  H.,  Berkeley. 
Oatman,  O.  H.,  San  Ftancisco. 
O'Brien,  J.,  San  Francisco. 
O'Connor,  J.  Robert,  Los  Angeles. 
Oddie,  Clarence  M.,  San  Francisco. 
O'Donnell,  Joseph  E.,  San  Francisco. 
O'Donncll,  William  T.,  Fairfield. 
O'Duque,  Gabriel,  Los  Angeles. 
Oliver,  Boyd,  San  Francisco. 
Olney,  Warren  Jr.,  San  Francisco. 
O'Neil,  R.  K.,  San  Jose. 
Ong,  Walter  C,  Pasadena. 
Ombaun,  Casper,  San  Francisco. 
Otis,  Edwin  M.,  San  Francisco. 
Owens,  Madison  T.,  Whittier. 
Pace,  Troy,  Los  Angeles. 
Page,  Benjamin  E.,  Los  Angeles. 
Pardee,  J.  A.,  Susanville. 
Pardee,  J.  E.,  Susanville. 
Parker,  Robert  S.,  Pasadena. 
Parker,  S.  R.,  Bridgeport. 


HBHBSRS   AKD  DELEGATES  BE0I8TEEED. 


119 


Patton,  OhM.  L.,  San  Francisco. 
Pawlicki,  T.  E.,  San  Francisco. 
Peaira,  H.  A.,  Bakerafield. 
Peart,  Hartley  F.,  San  Francisco. 
Pease,  Robert  IC.,  Los  Angeles. 
Peck,  Charles  IL,  Oakland. 
Peck,  James  Francis,  San  Francisco. 
Perkins,  Thomas  A.,  San  Francisco. 
Peterson,  Fred  O.,  San  Francisco. 
Pelree,  L.  E.,  San  Jose. 
Pelzotto,  Edgar  D.,  San  Francisco. 
Phillips,  ICisB  Ester  B.,   San  Francisco. 
Phleger,  Herman  B.,  San  Francisco. 
Plcard,  Albert,  San  Francisco. 
Pigott,  John  T.,  Sacramento. 
Pillsbuiy,  H.  D.,  San  Franditco. 
Pillsbury,  Warren  H.,  San  Francisco. 
Plunmier,  J.  A.,  Stockton. 
Plunkett,  W.  T.,  San  Francisco. 
Porter,  Frank  !£.,  Los  Angeles. 
Porter,  Robert  O.,  San  Francisco. 
Postel,  Waldo  F.,  San  Francisco. 
Potter,  Charles  F.,  Los  Angeles. 
Powell,  W.  K.,  San  Francisco. 
Pratt,  Elinor  D.,  San  Francisco. 
Pratt,  0.  C,  Jr.,  San  Francisco. 
Preston,  H.  L.;  Ukiah. 
Preston,  John  W.,  San  Francisco. 
Price.  Frands,  Santa  Barbara. 
Prlchard,  George  A.,  Los  Angeles. 
Prlngle,  E.  J.,  San  Francisco. 
Piye,  Benjamin  E.,  Los  Angeles. 
Pyle,  E.  C.,  Los  Angeles. 
Quina,  James  G.,  Oakland. 
Ragbrnd,  R.  B.,  San  Francisco. 
RedingtOD,  Arthur  H.,  San  Francisco. 
Redman,  L.  A.,  San  Francisco. 
Rendoo,  C.  P.,  Stockton. 
R^P7>  Roy  ^M  I'M  Ai^r^les. 
Reslenre,  J.  F.,  San  Francisco. 
Retburg,  Joseph  D.,  San  Francisco. 
Reynolds,  Howard  W.,  Los  Angeles. 
Richards,  David  W.,  San  Bernardino. 
Richardson,  Robert  W.,  Lor  .\nge1es. 
Richter,  Erwin  E.,  San  Francisco. 
Rickard,  James  B.,  Santa  Barbara. 
Ridgway,  Thos.  C,  Los  Angeles. 
Riggins,  darenoe  N.,  Napa. 
Riley,  Stanislaiw  A.,  San  Francisco. 
Ring,  William  0.  Jr.,  Madera. 
Rizford,  E.  H.,  San  Francisco. 
Rizford,  Halsey  L.,  San  Francisco. 
Robinson,  E.  C,  Richmond. 
Robinson,  Elmer  O.,  San  Francisco. 
Robinson,  Thos.  W.,  Los  Angeles. 
Roche,  Theo.  J.,  San  Francisco. 
Roefal,  A.  B.,  San  Francisco. 
Rogers,  Merle  J.,  Ventura. 


Robe,  CliiTord  A.,  Los  Angele& 
Rose,  Frederick  J.,  Chioo. 
Rose,  Wm.  F.,  San  Francisco. 
Rosendalc,  Chas.  R.,  Salinas. 
Rosenfleld,  Adolph  B.,  Long  Beach. 
Rosenshlne,  Albert  Ai,  San  Francisco. 
Ross,  Hall  O.,  Redwood  City. 
Ross,  Lee  T.,  Redwood  City. 
Rothchild,  Walter,  San  Francisco. 
Rowan,  John  M.,  BakersAeld. 
Rowland,  A.  Lincoln,  Pasadena. 
Runham,  Frank  C,  Pasadena. 
Sample,  E.  P.,  San  Diego. 
Sampsell,  Paul  Warren,  Los  Angeles. 
Samuels,  Judge  Oeoige,  Oakland. 
Samuels,  Marcus  Lome,  San  Francisco. 
Sanderson,  A.  A.,  San  Francisco. 
Sapiro,  Milton  D.,  San  Francisco. 
Sargent,  Geo.  Clark,  San  Francisco. 
Sawyer,  Harold  M.,  San  Francisco. 
Schauer,  Fred  H.,  Santa  Barbara. 
Schapiro,  Esmond,  San  Francisco. 
Schlesinger,  Bert,  San  Francisco. 
Schlesinger,  Mrs.  Amanda,  San  Francisco. 
Schmulowitz,  Nat,  San  Francisco. 
Schunck,  Dorothea,  San  Francisco. 
Scott,  James  Walter,  San  Francisco. 
Scott,  Joseph,  Los  Angeles. 
Scott,  Russell,  Salinas. 
Scott,  Thomas,  BakersAeld. 
Searls,  Oarrdl,  Nevada  City. 
Searls,  Robert  M.,  San  Francisco. 
Selby,  John  R.,  San  Francisco. 
Shapiro,  Leo.  H.,  San  Francisco. 
Sharpsteen,  W.  C,  San  Francisco. 
Shaw,   Arvin  B.   Jr.,  Los  Angeles. 
Shaw,  A.  E.,  San  Francisco. 
Shaw,  Luden,  San  Francisco. 
Shenk,  John  W.,  Los  Angeles. 
Shepherd,  Howard  T.,  Los  Angeles. 
Sherlock,  Alva  S.,  Concord. 
Sherman,  J.  P.,  San  Francisco. 
Sherman,  Roger,  San  Francisco. 
Short,  John  Douglas,  San  Frandsco. 
Shuey,  darence  A.,   San  Frandsco. 
Shurtleff,  Charles  A.,  San  Frandsco. 
Silva,  Frank  M.,  San  Frandsco. 
Sinclair,  John  A.,  San  Frandsco. 
Singer,  W.   Menzies,  San  Frandsco. 
Silverstein,  Bernard,  Oakland. 
Simmons,  William  M.,  San  Frandsco. 
Simons,  Seward  A.,  Los  Ange.es. 
Sinton,   Edgar,   San  Frandsco. 
Skaife,  Alfred  C,  San  Frandsco. 
Skinner,  Newton  J.,  Lot  Angdes. 
Slack,  Charles  W.,  San  Frandsco. 
Slack,    Walter,    San   Frandsco. 
Slosaon,  Leonard  B.,  Los  Angeles. 


120 


AMEiaOAN  BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


8I08S,  If.  0.»  San  Francisco. 
Smith,  De  Lanccy  O.,  San  Franclaco. 
Smith,  Joel  H.,  Selma. 
Smith,   Wilbur  R.  Jr.,  San  Francisco. 
Smith,  Willard  P.,  San  Francisco. 
Smith,  William  H.  Jr.,  San  Francisco. 
Smith,  Winfleld  R.,  San  Francisco. 
Soto,  R.  IC.  F.,  Sao  Francisco. 
Spence,  Homer  R.,  San  Francisco. 
Spriffff,  Patterson,  San  Diego. 
Squier,  E.  W.,  Santa  Barbara. 
St.  Sure,  A.  F.,  Oakland. 
Stammer,   W.    H.,   Fresno. 
Stanwood,  Edward  B.,  Marysville. 
Steinhart,  Jesse  H.,  San  Francisco. 
Stevens,  Henry  J.,  Los  Angeles. 
Stevens,   Ifartin,   San  Francisco. 
Stevens,  Samuel  S.,  San  Francisco. 
Stevick,  Ouy  LeRoy,  San  Francisco. 
Stickney,  J.  K.  Jr.,  Los  Angeles. 
Stickney,  J.  E.  Jr..  San  Diego. 
Stidger,  0.   P.,   San  Francisco. 
Stimson,   Manball,  Los  Angeles. 
Stone,  Byron  F.  Jr.,  San  Francisca 
Stone,  Leonard,  Fort  Bragg. 
Stoney,    Oaillard,    San   Francisco. 
Stringham,  Frank  D.,  San  Franciaca 
Strong,  Charles  A.,  San  Fraodsoo. 
Strother,    S.    L.,    Fresno. 
Stuart,  Z.  B.,  Los  Angeles. 
Sturtevant,  Geo.  A.|  San  Fnnciaoo. 
Sullivan,  Jeremiah  F.,  San  Francisco. 
Sullivan,  Matt  I.,  San  Francisco. 
Susman,  Leo.  H.,  San  Francisca 
Sweet,  Joe  G.,  San  Francisco. 
Tapacott,  Jaa.  R.,  Treka. 
Tasheira,  Arthur  O.,  Oakland. 
Taylor,  E.  E.,  Pasadena. 
Tharp,  Lawrence,  San  Francisco. 
Thelen,  Max,  San  Francisco. 
Theisen,  S.  Joseph,  San  Francisco. 
Thomas,  F.  F.  Jr.,  San  Francisco. 
Thomas,  James  M.,  San  Francisco. 
Thomas,  William,  San  Francisco. 
Thompson,  Judge  R.  L.,  Santa  Rosa. 
Thorns,  C.  L.,  Los  Angeles. 
Ticknor,  Harry  M.,  Pasadena. 
Tordiiana,  H.  van  O.,  San  Francisco. 
Torregano,  Ernest  J.,  San  Francisco. 
Towne,  Percy  £.,  San  Francisco. 
Townsend,  Chaa.  E.,  San  Francisco. 
Treadwell,  E.  F.,  San  Francisca 
Treat,  A.  J.,  San  Francisco. 
Treraont,  Edwin  J.,  San  Francisco. 
Tribit,  Ohas.  H.  Jr.,  Los  Angeles. 
Trowbridge,  Delger,  San  Francisco. 
Tupper,  W.  C,  Frcana 
Turrentine,  Lw  N.»  Esoondido. 


Tuttle,  Obarles  A.,  Fresno. 
Tyler,  0.  H.,  Long  Beach. 
Tyler,  Mrs.  Harriet  P.,  San  Francisco. 
Tyler,  John  F.,  Hayward. 
U'Ren,  Milton  T.,  San  Francisco. 
Valentine,  L.  H.,  Los  Angeles. 
Van  Duyn,  Owen  K.,  San  Francisco. 
Van  Dyke,  B.  P.,  Sacramento. 
Van  Fleet,  Alan  C,  San  Francisco. 
Van  Fleet,  Ransom  Oar^,  San  Francisco. 
Van  Yranken,  Edward,  Stockton. 
Van  Wyck,  Sidney  Millechen,  &  Frandsoo. 
Van  Wyck,  Sidney  M.  Jr.,  San  Francisco. 
Variel,  Robert  H.  F.,  Jr.,  Loa  Angeles. 
Varaum,  George  M.,   Berkeley. 
Vaughn,  Orville  R.,  San  Franciaoa 
Waldo,  George  £.,  Pasadena. 
Wallace,  Bradley  L.,  San  Francisco. 
Wallace,  W.  B.,  Visalia. 
Wallace,   Gerald    B.,    Stodcton. 
Walters,  Byron  J.,  San  Diego. 
Walters,  R.  T.,  Los  Angeles. 
Ward,  Chandler  P.,  Los  Angeles. 
Ward,  Shirley  C,  Loa  Angeles. 
Warlow,  Chester  H.,  Fresno. 
Waste,  William  H.,  Berkeley. 
Watkinson,   Cbas.   E.,   Hanford. 
Watson,  W.  W.,  San  Francisco. 
Watt,  RoUa  B.,  San  Francisco. 
Webb,  Arthur  C,  Los  Angeles. 
Webb,  Joseph  J.,  San  Francisco. 
Wehe,  Frank  R.,  San  Francisco. 
Weil,  A.  L.,  San  Frandsoo. 
Weinberger,  Herman,  San  Francisco. 
Weinberger,  Jacob,   San  Diego. 
Welch,  J.  R.,  San  Jose. 
Westover,  Myron,  San  Francisco. 
Weyl,  Bertin  A.,  Loa  Angeles. 
Whalen,  James  D.,  San  Frandsco. 
Wheeler,  Charles  S.,  San  Francisco. 
White,   Carlos  G.,  Oakland. 
White,  Chas.  W.,  San  Francisco. 
White,   Earl  D.,   Oakland. 
White,   Herbert  E.,   Sacramento. 
White,  Thos.  R.,  San  Francisco. 
White,  William  E.,  San  Francisco. 
Whiting,   Randolph   V.,  San  Francisca 
Whitson,  Robert,  San  Francisca 
Whittier,  Clarke  B.,  Stanford  University. 
Whittle,   Albert  L.,  Oakland. 
Whittlesey,  Geo.  P.,  Pasadena. 
Wiel,  Samuel  C.  San  Francisco. 
Wilbur,  Curtis  D.,  San  Frandsca 
Wilcox,  Edwin  A.,  San  Jose. 
Williams,  E.  S.,  Los  Angeles. 
Williams,    Eugene   D.,   Los   Angeles. 
Willis,  Frank  R.,  Los  Angeles. 
Wilson,   Edgar  H.,  San  Francisco. 


ICBICBSBS  AND  DBLB0ATE8  BE0I8TEBED. 


121 


Wilson,  Emmet  H.,  Lob  Angeles. 
Wilson,  John  RAlph,  San  Franciaco. 
Wilson,  Mountford  S.,  San  Francisca 
Wittschen,  T.  P.,  Oakland. 
Wolfe,   R.  N.,  Pittsburg. 
Wolff,  Harry  E.,  San  Francisco. 
Wood,   Jdbn  Perry,   Pasadena. 
Woten,  John  W.,  San  Francisco. 
Wretman,  Niles  E.,  San  Joee. 
Wright,  Alfred,  Loe  Angeles. 
Wright,  Allen  G.,  San  Francisco. 
Wright,   Austin  T.,  San   Francisco. 
Wright,  Geo.  T.,  San  Francisco. 
Wright,  H.   M.,   San  Francisco. 
Wright,  Ralph  H.,  Martinez. 
Wrii^t,  R.  M.,  San  Jose. 
Wyckoff,  H.  O.,  Watsonville. 
Yale,   Un.   Margaret  D.,   Burbank. 
York,  Waldo  M.,  Los  Angeles. 
Young,  Lyndol  L.,  Los  Angeles. 
Young,  Milton  K.,  Los  Angeles. 

CX)LORADO. 

Allen,  Geo.  W.,  Denver. 

Brock,  Chas.  R.,  Denver. 

Oarr,  Ralph,  Antonito. 

Dillon,  William,  Oastle  Rock. 

Ewing,  John  A.,  Denver. 

Fry,  John  H.,  Denver. 

Geijd>eek,   J.  B.,  Denver. 

Goudy,  F.  B.,  Denver. 

Hawley,    Joseph  W.,    Trinidad. 

Button,  William  E.,  Denver. 

Killian,   James  R.,   Denver. 

Lathrop,  Mary  F.,  Denver. 

O'Donnell,  T.  J.,  Denver. 

Rothrock,  James  H.,  Colorado  Springs. 

Seeman,   Bernard  J.,  Denver. 

OONNEOnCUT. 

Avery,  Christopher  L.,  Groton. 
Beers,  George  E.,  New  Haven. 
Brosmith,  William,  Hartford. 
Day,  Edward  W.,  Hartford. 
Peasley,  Frederick  M.,  Cheshire. 

DELAWARE. 

Laifey,  J.  P.,  Wilmington. 
Marvel,  Joeiah,   Wilmington. 

DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA. 

Ash,  Robert,  Washington. 
Brock,  Charles  E.,  Cleveland,  O.,  ft  Wash. 
Butler,  Cbas.  Henry,  Washington. 
Byrne,  John  J.,  Washington. 
Carpenter,  W.  Clayton,   Washington. 


Carusi,  Charles  P.,   Washington. 
Oaton,  Harry  B.,  Washington. 
Chamberlin,   Justin  Morrill,   Washington. 
Oompton,  Wilson,  Washington. 
Ellis,  Wade  H.,  Washington. 
Freeberg,  Harriet,  Washington. 
Hagerman,  James  Jr.,  Washington. 
King,  George  A.,  Wadiington. 
Meyers,  Ida  M.,  Washington. 
Peacock,  Jam^  Craig,  Washington. 
Pike,  Miss  Katherine  R.,  Washington. 
Scott,  James  Brown,  Washington. 
Siddon,  Fred.  L.,  Washington. 
Smith,  J.   N.   O.   Lewis,  Washipgtoo. 
Sullivan,  William  C,  Washington. 
Taliaferro,  Sidney  F.,  Washhigton. 
Thurtell,  Henry,  Washington. 
Tyler,  Frederick  S.,  Washington. 
Weitzel,  George  T.,  Waahingt<m. 
Willebrandt,  Mabel  Walker,  Washhigton. 
Williams,  George  Francis,  Washington. 

FLORIDA. 

Ajctell,  E.  P.,  Jacksonville. 
Bishop,  Henry  W.,  Eustioe. 
Orichlow,  W.  B.  Shelby,  Br«ientawn. 
Oibbs,   George  Cooper,  Jacksonville. 
Hampton,  Hilton  S.,  Tampa. 
Hampton,   W.   W.,  Gainesville. 
Hazard,  Julian  L.,  Tampa. 
Hunter,  Wm.,  Tampa. 
Loftin,  Scott  M.,  Jadcsonville. 
Price,  Nuthell  D.,  Miami. 
Price,  William  H.,  Miami. 
Warlar,  Freitus,  Orlando. 

GEORGIA. 

Gazan,  Jacob,  Savannah. 
Gilbert,   S.  Price,   Atlanta. 
Oliver,   Francis  McDonald,   Savannah. 
Powell,  Arthur  Gray,  Atlanta. 
Sibley,   John  A.,   Atlanta. 
Stephens,  Alex  W.,  Atlanta. 

HAWAIIAN  ISLANDS. 

Ashford,  Marguerite  K.,  Honolulu. 
Lymer,  William  B.,  Honolulu. 
Marx,  BenJ.  L.,  Honolulu. 

IDAHO. 

Ailshie,  James  F.,  Coeur  d'  Alene. 
Bothwell,  James  R.,  Twin  Falls. 
Hawley,  James  H.,  Boise. 
Kruger,  Gustave,  Boise. 
Martin,  G.  H.,  Sandpoint. 


132 


AMERICAN   BAR   ASSOCIATION. 


ILUNOIS. 

Barnett,  O.  B.,  Chicago. 
Berger,  Henry  A.,  Chicago. 
Bledsoe,  S.  T.,  Chicago. 
Breckenridge,  James  J.,  Chicago. 
Brown,  Frederick  A.,  Chicago. 
Cameron,  J<An  IC,  Chicago. 
Carter,  Orrin  N.,  Chicago. 
Colwell,  Clyde  C,  Chicago. 
Denning,  COarence  P.,  Chicago. 
Early,  A.  D.,  Rockford. 
Eastman,  Alhert  N.,  Chicago. 
Elliott,  John  M.,  Peoria. 
Fassett,  Engene  O.,  Chicago. 
FoUansbee,  Mitchell  D.,  Chicago. 
Fullerton,   William  D.,   Ottawa. 
Goodwin,  Clarence  N.,  Chicago. 
Barley,  Herbert,  Chicago. 
Havard,  O.  H.,  Chicago. 
Hay,  Logan,  Springfield. 
Henry,  Louis,  Chicago. 
Higbee,  Harxy,  Plttsfleld. 
Hoag,  Parker  H.,  Chicago. 
Howe,  Thomas  Francis,  Chicago. 
Hughes,  John  E.,  Chicago. 
Kahn,  Nat.  M.,  Chicago. 
King,  Florence,  Chicago. 
Liss,  Max.  C,  Chicago. 
LisB,  Rebecca  WUlner,  Chicago. 
Liz.  Mrs.  C,  Chicago. 
MacChesney,  Nathan  William,  Chicago. 
MacLeiah,  John  E.,  Chicago. 
Marshall,  Thomas  Lw,  Chicago. 
Massena,  Roy,  Chicago. 
Maxwell,  William  W.,  Chicago. 
McCormlck,  Howard  H.,  Chicago. 
MacCracken,  Wm.  P.  Jr.,  Chicago. 
MoKnli^t,  Richard,  Chicago. 
Montgomeiy,  John  R.,  Chicago. 
Murray,   Frank   B.,  Chicago. 
Page,  Geo.  T.,  Peoria. 
Page,  Gerald  H.,  Peoria. 
Pam,  Hugo,  Chicago. 
Perel,  Harxy  Z.,  Chicago. 
Richards,  John  T.,  Chicago. 
Robinson,  R.  D.,  Galesburg. 
Rogers,  Edward  S.,  Chicago. 
Rubinkam,  Nathaniel,  Chicago. 
Rummler,  William  R.,  Chicago. 
Shabad,  Henry  M.,  Chicago. 
Sherman,  Roger,  Chicago. 
Stevens,  George  M.,  Chicago. 
Thompson,  Joseph  J.,  Chicago. 
Tolman,  Edgar  B.,  Chicago. 
Van  Natta,  John  E.,  Chicago. 
Welch,  Ninian  H.,  Chicago. 
Whitnel,  L.  0.,  Bast  8t  Louis. 


Woodward,  Frederic  C,  Chicago. 
Zimmerman,  E.  A.,  WUmette. 

INDIANA. 

Carney,  John  Ralph,  Vernon. 
Davis,  Paul  G.,  Indianapolis. 
Ewbank,  Louis  B.,  Indianapolis. 
HeavillB,  Roecoe  A.,  Marion. 
Kelley,  William  H.,  Richmond. 
Eirkpatrick,  Lex  J.,  Eokomo. 
McTuman,  Clair,  Indianapolis. 
Martlndale,  Charles,  Indiam^olii. 
Moores,  Merrill,  Indianapolis. 
Ratclife,  0.  B.,  Covington. 
Rooker,  William  Velpeau,  Indianapolis. 
Sheridan,  Harxy  C,  Frankfort. 
Shirley,  C.  C,  Indianapolis. 
Simms,  Dan.  W.,  Lafayette. 
Stevenson,  Elmer  E.,  Indianapolis. 

IOWA. 

Carr,  E.  M.,  Manchester. 
Chamberlain,    Wm.,   Cedar   Rapids, 
deary,  T.  P.,  Sioux  City. 
Devitt,  James  J.,  Oskaloosa. 
Devitt,  J.  F.,  Muscatine. 
Dutcher,  Chas.  M.,  Iowa  City. 
Forrest,  Leland  S.,  Des  Moines. 
Johnson,  Elmer  A.,  Cedar  Rapids. 
Macomber,  Chas.  S.,  Ida  Grove. 
Martin,  Wesley,  Webster  City. 
McCoy,  Jotai  N.,  Oskaloosa. 
Miller,  Jesse  A.,  Des  Moines. 
Roddewig,  Louis  E.,  Davenport. 
Sawyer,  Haxen  I.,  Keokuk. 
Shull,  D.  C,  Sioux  City. 
Wisdom,  Frank,  Bedford. 

KANSAS. 

Burch,  R.  A.,  Topeka. 
Dawson,  John  S.,  Topeka. 
Dean,  John  S.,  Topeka. 
Drenning,  Frank  Q.,  Topeka. 
Evans,  Earle  W.,  Wichita. 
Ganse,  Henry  E.,  Emporia. 
Houston,  J.  D.,  Wichita. 
Keene,  A.  M.,  Fort  Scott, 
^ng,   Chester  I.,  Wichita. 
Matson,  Cliff.  A.,  Wichita. 
McAnany,  Edwin  S.,  Kansas  City. 
Osmond,  Wm.,  Great  Bend. 
Pulsifer,  Park,  Concordia. 
Smith,  Chas.  Blood,  Topeka. 
Smith,  F.  Dumont,  Hutchinson. 
Smith,  William  R.,  Topeka. 
Williams,  A.  F.,  Topeka. 


MBMBBBS  AND  DSLE0ATB8  REGISTERED. 


188 


KBNTUOKT. 

BuUitt,  Wm.  llanhftll.  LoultyiUe. 
Doolan,  J<rim  d  Loaisville. 
Hunt,  Geoig*  R.,  Lexliigtoiu 
Martin,  Qtotge  B.,  Cktlettilnirg. 
Rutledse»  Arthur  Ifiddleton,  LoQiavllle. 
Walton,  Matt  S.,  Lexington. 

LOmSIANA. 

OroM,  T.  Jones,  Baton  Rouge. 
Dart,  Henry  P.,  New  Orleans. 
De  Lucas,  Clarence,  New  Orleans. 
Oeasner,  Jes^y  Benedict,  New  Orleans. 
Gilmer,  Quinaley,  Shreveport. 
Hart,  W.  0.,  New  Orleans. 
Henry,  Burt  W.,  New  Orleans. 
Kammer,  Alfred  0.,  New  Orleans. 
Lemann,  Walter,  DonaldsonvUle. 
ProYosty,  Oliver  0.,  New  Orleans. 
Rice,  Frazer  L.,  New  Orleans. 
Spearing,  J.  Zacfa.,  New  Orleans. 
Thornton,  R.  S.,  Alexandria. 
Waguespack,  W.  J.,  New  Orleans. 
Young,  W.  W.,  New  Orleans. 

MAINE. 

Hanaon,  George  M.,  Calais. 
Reynolds,  Edward  C,  Portland. 
Ritchie,  Arthur,  Belfast. 

MARYLAND. 

Barton,  Randolph,  Jr.,  Baltimore. 
Briacoc,  John  P.,  Prince  Frederick. 
Coshwa,  G.  F.,  Baltimore. 
Gorter,  James  P.,  Baltimore. 
Hlnkl^,  John,  Baltimore. 
Kemp,  W.  Thomas,   Baltimore. 
Lamar,  W.  H.,  Rockrille. 
Markell,  Oiarlea,  Baltimore. 
Tiffany,  Herbert  T.,  Baltimore. 
Tucker,  John  T.,  Baltimore. 
Williams,  Geo.  Weema,  Baltimore. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Anderson,  George  W.,  Boston. 
Bufflngtoo,  Harold  S.  R.,  Fall  River. 
Carroll,  William  J.,  Lowell. 
Clapp,  Robert  P.,  Lexington. 
Cook,  Robert  A.  B.,  Boston. 
HoIumb,  Miai  Sybil  H.,  Boston. 
Kingsley,  Mn.  Rose,  Cambridge. 
Lowell,  John,  Boston. 
O'Connell,  Joaeph  F.,  Boston. 
Smith,  Reginald  Heber,  Boston. 
Weiler,  Harriet,  Boston. 
Williston,  Samuel*  Cambridge. 


MIOHIGAK. 

Ajgler,  Ralph  W.,  Ann  Arixvr. 
Atkinson,  Frank  W.,  Detroit. 
Bates,  Henry  Moore,  Ann  Aibor. 
Colgrove,  P.  T.,  Hastinga. 
Corliss,  John  B.,  Detroit. 
Hooper,  Joaeph  L.,  Battle  Creek. 
Hull,  Oscar  C,  Detroit. 
Millis^  Wade,  Detroit 
Nutten,  Wesley  L.»  Detroit 
Onen,  Bernard  J.,  Battle  Creek. 
Rossman,  R.  H.,  Jackson. 
Whiting,  Justin  R.,  Jackson. 

MINNESOTA. 

Brown,  Rome  G.,  Minneapolis. 
Bruce,  Andrew  A.,  Minneapolis. 
Burr,  Stiles  W.,  St  Paul. 
Child,  S.  R.,  Minneapolis. 
Cbristensen,  Henry  0.,  Rochester. 
Deutsch,  Henry,  Minneapolis. 
Famham,  Charles  W.,  St  Paul. 
Graves,  William  G.,  St  Paul. 
Hilton,  Clifford  L.,  St  Paul. 
Junell,  John,  Minneapolis. 
Kingsley,  George  A.,  Minneapolis. 
Meighen,  John  F.  D.,  Albert  Lea. 
Mitchell,  Morris  B.,  Minneapolis. 
Paul,  A.  C.|  Minneapolis. 
Prendergast  Edmund  A.,  Minneapolis. 
Randall,  Henry  E.,  St  Paul. 
Robertson,  James,  Minneapolis. 
Sanborn,  Bruce  W.,  St  Paul. 
Severance,  C.  A.,  St  Paul. 
Shearer,  James  D.,  Minneapolis. 
Turner,  S.  E.,  St  Paul. 

MISSISSIPPI. 

Anderson,  W.  D.,  Jackson. 
Hirsch,  J.  K.,  Yicksburg. 
Sexton,  J.  S.,  Haielhurst 
Watkins,  W.  H.,  Jackson. 

MISSOURI. 

Berth,  Irvin  Y.,  St  Louis. 
Boyle,  Murat  Kansas  City. 
Bush,  Chas.  M.,  Kansas  City. 
Claiborne,  James  R.,  St  Louis. 
Cloud,  W.  H.,  Kansaa  City. 
Harkless,  Jas  H.,  Kansaa  City. 
Holt  William  G.,  Kansaa  City. 
Langknecht  Carl  H.,  Kansas  City. 
McCune,  H.  Lw,  Kansas  City. 
McQuillin,  Eugene,  St  Louis. 
Minnis,  Jamea  L.,  St  Loula. 
Painter,  Earl  H.,  St  Loola. 
Piatt,  W.  H.  H.,  Kansaa  City. 


124 


AMBBIOAK  BAB  ASSOOIATION. 


Scarrett,  A.  D.,  KanMs  Oity. 
Scarritt,  Wm.  O.,  Kansu  Oitj. 
Sher,  Louis  R.,  St  Louis. 
Sturdevant,  W.  L.,  St.  Louis. 
Watson,  I.  N.,  Kansas  Oity. 
Wylder,  L.  Newton,  Kansas  Oitj. 

MONTANA. 

Pigott,  William  T.,  Helena. 
Spaulding»  0.  A.,  Helena. 
Walsh,  James  A.,  Helena. 

NEBRASKA. 

Allen,  W.  J.,  Schuyler. 
Blackburn,  Thomas  W.,  Omaha. 
Brogan,  Francis  A.,  Omaha. 
Hastings,  W.  O.,  Omaha. 
Hobart,  R.  W.,  G«ring. 
Kennedy,  Howard,  Omaha. 
Letton,  Obaa.  B.,  Lincoln. 
Loomls,  N.  H.,  Omaha. 
MorrisBy,  A.  M.,  Lincoln. 
Myers,  Hugh  A.,  Omaha. 
Randall,  Frank  E.,  Omaha. 
Randall,  William  L.,  Omaha. 
Van  Orsdel,  R.  A.,  Omaha. 
Wells,  Arthur  R.,  Omaha. 

NEVADA. 

Averill,  Mark  R.,  Tonopah. 
Ayres,  Albuth,  Reno. 
Badt,  Wilton  B.,  Elko. 
Brown,  George  S.,  Reno. 
Brown,  Hugh  Henry,  Tonopah. 
Busteed,  Richard,  Las  Yegu, 
Campbell,  Louis  Q.,  Winnemucca. 
Ohartz,  Alfred  Jean,  Garson  Oity. 
Oheney,  E.  W.,  Rena 
Coleman,  BenJ.  W.,  Carson  City. 
Cooke,  H.  R.,  Reno. 
Dixon,  J.  B.,  Reno. 
Ducker,  Edw.  A.,  Oamn  Clly. 
Edwards,  H.  W.,  Ely. 
Farrington,  E.  S.,  Carson  City. 
Forman,  Wm.,  Tonopsh. 
Gardiner,  W.  M.,  Rena 
Guild,  Clark  J.,  Terington. 
Hawkins,  Prince  A.,  Reno. 
Henderson,  A.  S.,  Las  Vegas. 
Henley,  Benjamin  J.,  Rena 
Howard,  Cole  L.,  Reno. 
Kearney,  William  M.,  Reno. 
Kublinski,  Otto  George,  Reno. 
Lxmsford,  E.  F.,  Rena 
Mashbum,  Arthur  Gray,  Reno 
McCarran,  P.  A.,  Reno. 
McNamara,  J.  M.,  Blka 


Montrose,  Geo.  A.,  Oardnenrille. 
Moran,  Tliomas  F.,  Reno. 
Norcross,  Frank  EL,  Rtno. 
Percy,  Hugh,  Rena 
Pike,  Le  Ray  F.,  Rena 
PouJade,  J.,  Carson  Oity. 
Price,  Robert  M.,  Reno. 
Salisbury,  S.,  Reno. 
Sanders,  J.  A.,  Carson  City. 
Seeds,  William  P.,  Reno. 
Short,  Edward  0.,  Rena 
Stoddard,  Ray  W.,  Rena 
Summerfleld,  Lester  D.,  Reno. 
Taber,  E.  J.  L.,  Elko. 
Talbot,  George  F.,  Elko. 
Warren,  Anna  M.,  Rena 
Williams,  Eugene  L.,  Reno. 
Wilson,  Wayne  T.,  Reno. 
Woodbum,  Wm.,  Rena 
Wright,  Benson,  Carson  City. 

NEW  JERSEY. 

Armstrong,  E.  A.,  Princeton. 
Bamford,  Walter,  Patterson. 
Dumont,  Wayne,  Patterson. 
Richards,  Samuel  H.,  Camden. 
Sackett,  Clarence,  Newark. 
Skinner,  Alfred  F.,  Newark. 
Starr,  Lewis,  Camden. 

NEW  MEXICO. 
Backstrom,  J.  L.,  Santa  Fe. 
Bowman,  Harry  S.,  Santa  Fe. 
Cheetham,  F.  J.,  Taos. 
Edwards,  A.  M.,  Santa  Fe. 

NEWTORK. 

Alexander,  Charles  B.,  New  York  Oity. 
Andrews,  James  D.,  New  York  City. 
Bailly,  Edward  a.  New  York  Oity. 
Beattie,  Chas.  Maitland,  New  York  Oily. 
Bogert,  George  G.,  Ithaca. 
Bond,  George  Hopkins,  Syracuse. 
Boston,  Charles  A.,  New  York  City. 
Burlingham,  Charles  O.,  New  York  Oity. 
Clocke,  T.  Emory,  New  York  City. 
Cohen,  Julius  Henry,  New  York  Oity. 
Davis,  A.  M.,  New  York  Oity. 
Davis,  John  W.,  New  York  dty. 
Gets,  David  B.,  Brooklyn. 
Goldmsn,  Samuel  P.,  New  York  dty. 
GrifRn,  Charles  L.,  New  York  Oity. 
Griffin,  William  H.,  New  York  Oity. 
Groasman,  William,  New  York  City. 
Guernsey,  Nathaniel  T.,  New  York  Oity. 
Guthrie,  William  D.,  New  York  City. 
Hill,  Henry  W.,  BulTala 


MEMBBBS  AND  DXLEGATBS  BB0I8TERSD. 


1»5 


KeU7,  Edward  J.,  New  York  Oitj. 
'KftlHj,  Howard  J.,  New  York  City. 
Lawyer,  Geoigie»  Albai^. 
Lewie,  Ctaylon  H.,  STTacoae. 
Lyon,  Fiances  D.,  Albany. 
ICcCoiUe,  Walter  L.,  New  York  City. 
O'Qiady*  Jamea  IL  E.,  Rochester. 
Powell,  Henry  If.,  New  York  Oity. 
Ransom,  WOllam  L.,  New  York  Olty. 
Robinson,  Watson  B.,  New  York  Oity. 
Rosenberg,  Ely,  New  York  Oity. 
Schroebel,  Jacob  J.,  New  York  Oity. 
Stewart,  Robert,  New  York  City. 
Stier,  Joseph  F.,  New  York  Oity. 
Tuft,  Henry  W.,  New  York  Oity. 
Tarbell,  Geo.  S.,  Ithaca. 
Terry,  Charles  Thaddeua,  New  York  Oity. 
Wadhama,  Fred  E.,  Albany. 
Whitman,  Oharles  S.,  New  York  Oity- 
Wickeiaham,  George  W.,  New  York  Oity. 
Woloott,  Frank  T.,  New  York. 

NORTH  CAROUNA. 

Alexander,  Hiss  Julia  If.,  Charlotte. 
King,  R.  R.,  Jr.,  Greensboro. 
Person,  W.  M.,  Louisbnrg. 
Smith,  R.  L.,  Albemarle. 
Thompson,  Frank,  Jacksonville. 

NORTH  DAKOTA. 

Bangs,  Geo.  A.,  Grand  Forks. 
Bangs,  Tracy  R.,  Grand  Forks. 
Boehm,  Paul  W.,  Hettinger. 
Bronson,  Harrison  A.,  Bismark. 
Combs,  Lee,  YaBey  City. 
Ellsworth,  8.  E.,  Jamestown. 

OHIO. 

Aloom,  Albert  D.,  Cincinnati. 

Allread,  James  I.,  Oolumbus. 

Ambler,  Ralph  8.,  Canton. 

Bennett,  Smith  W.,  Columbus. 

Bmml,  Fred  E.,  Cleveland. 

Clevenger,  F.  K.,  Wilmington. 

Oonroy,  8.  8.,  Youngstown. 

Craig,  G.  Ray,  Norwalk. 

Ounen,  R.  G.»  Cleveland. 

Druffel,  John  H.,  Cincinnati. 

Dunlap,  Thomas  8.,  Cleveland. 

Ford,  John  W.,  Youngstown. 

Garfield,  John  M.,  Cleveland. 

Garry,  Tbonaa  H.,  Cleveland. 

Goodman,  Max  P..  Cleveland. 

Graves,  William  0.,  Cleveland. 

Hartley,  U.  J.,  Xenia. 

Hoke,  dem  T.,  Van  Wert. 

Howland,  Paul,  Cleveland.  m 


Ifackensie,  Ralph  P.,  Lima. 
Man,  Judge  Robert  8.,  Cincinnati. 
Miller,  Harry  W.,  Portsmouth. 
Murphy,  Clarence,  Hamilton. 
Oakes,  A.  B.,  Cleveland. 
Peacock,  George  C,  Cincinnati. 
Pogue,  Province  M.,  Cincinnati. 
Pomerene,  W.  R.,  Columbus. 
Powell,  Albert  E.,  Cleveland. 
Runkle,  Harry  M.,  Columbus. 
Scott,  Frank  C,  Cleveland. 
Thomas,  J.  R.,  Cleveland. 
Throckmorton,  A.  H.,  Cleveland. 
Vickeiy,  Willis,  Cleveland. 
Whitacre,  J.  J.,  Canton. 

OKLAHOMA. 

Ames,  C  B.,  Oklahoma  City. 
Cheadle,  John  B.,  Norman. 
Duncan,  H.  R.,  Pawhuska. 
Hagan,  Horace  H.,  Tulsa. 
Henry,  H.  D.,  Mangum. 
Kulp,  Victor  H.,  Norman. 
Slou^  B.  B.,  Ardmore. 
Spielman,  Jacob  R.,  Oklahoma  City. 
Wells,  Frank,  Oklahoma  City. 

m 

OREGON. 

Allen,  Harrison,  Portland. 
Aaher,  Abraham,  Portland. 
Back,  Sdd  J.,  Portland. 
Bernstein,  Alexander,  Portland. 
Bischoff,  8.  J.,  Portland. 
Botts,  H.  T.,  Tillamook. 
Briggfl,  Wm.  M.,  Ashland. 
Butt,  Clarence^  Newberg. 
Carey,  Charles  Henry,  Portland. 
Cochran,  Charles  E.,  Portland. 
Coshow,  0.  P.,  Roseburg. 
Duncan,  W.  M.,  Klamath  Falls. 
Emmons,  Arthur  C,  Portland. 
Finn,  C.  H.,  La  Grande. 
Fitsgerald,  J.  J.,  Portland. 
Gearin,  John  M.,  Portland. 
Hale,  William  G.,  Eugene. 
Immel,  E.  0.,  Eugene. 
Kerr,  James  B.,  Portland. 
Laing,  John  A.,  Portland. 
Lent,  George  P.,  Portland. 
McCourt,  John,  Portland. 
McOue,  John  C,  Portland. 
Miller,  Justin,  Eugene. 
Montague,  Richard  W.,  Portland. 
Montgomery,  Hugh,  Portland. 
Moser,  Gus  C,  Portland. 
Pipes,  Martin  L.,  Portland. 
Rand,  John  L.,  Portland. 


126 


AHERIOAN  BAB  ASSOOUTION. 


Ridgway,  Albtft  B.,  PoitUnd. 
Swagler,  Ralph  W.,  Ontario. 
Teal,  Joseph  N.,  Portland. 
Tucker,  Robert,  Portland. 

PENNSTLYANIA. 

Berkey,  John  Albert,  Somerset. 
Bomeman,  Henry  S.,  Philadelphia. 
Breeden,  Waldo  Preston,  Pittsburgh. 
Crawford,  Winfield  W.,  Philadelphia. 
Hannum,  Howard  E.,  Chester. 
Hannum,  John  B.,  Jr.,  Chester. 
Hargest,  William  M.,  Harrisburg. 
Hart,  Geo.,  Philadelphia. 
Hazzard,  Yemon,  Monongahela. 
Henderson,  Joseph  W.,  Philadelphia. 
Holding,  A.  M.,  West  Chester. 
Merchant,  Edward,  Philadelphia. 
Moorhead,  F.  O.,  Beaver. 
Patterson,  Marion  D.,  HoUidaysburg. 
Rawle,  Francis,  Philadelphia. 
Roberts,  C.  Wilson,  Philadelphia. 
Shick,  Robert  P.,  Philadelphia. 
Smith,  Walter  George,  Philadelphia. 
Sorber,  Samuel  R.,  Oreensburg. 
Stem,  A.  C,  Pittsburgh. 
Whithead,  H.  W.,  WiUiamsport 
Wright,  J.  MerriU,  Pittsburgh. 

PORTO   RICO. 
Wolf,  Adolph  G.,  San  Juan. 

RHODE  ISLAND. 
Jenckes,  Thomas  A.,  Proridence. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Earle,  Wilton  H.,  Greenville. 
Oibbes,  Hunter  A..  Columbia. 
Gylea^  Herbert  E.,  Aiken. 
Huger,  Alfred,  Charleston. 
Hyde,  Simeon,  Charleston. 
Lumpkin,  Alva  M.,  Columbia. 
Otts,  Cornelius,  Spartansburg. 
Thomas,  John  P.,  Jr.,  Columbia. 
Wolfe,  Sam  M.,  Columbia. 

SOUTH  DAKOTA. 

Cherry,  U.  S.  O.,  Sioux  Falls. 
Patterson,  E.  0.,  Dallas. 
Patterson,  Mrs.  E.  0.,  Dallas. 
Telgen,  Tore,  Sioux  Falls. 
Voorhees,  John  H.,  Sioux  Falls. 

TENNESSEE. 

Armstrong,  Walter  P.,  Memphis. 
Jackson,  R.  F.,  Nashville. 


Miles,  Lovick  P.,  Memphis. 
Newman,  Clair«  B.,  Jackson. 
Owen,  William  A.,  Covington. 
Swaney,  W.  B.,  Chattanooga. 
Trimble,  James  M.,  Chattanooga. 
Turner,  Judge  W.  B.,  Columbia. 
Washington,  W.  H.,  Nashville. 
Young,  J.  P.,  Memphia. 

TEXAS. 

Bonner,  Wm.  N.,  Wichita  Falls. 
Britain,  A.  H.,  Wichita  Falls. 
Bromberg,  Henri  Louie,  Dallas. 
Brown,  Yolney  M..  El  Paso. 
Burford,  Jos.  M.,  Mount  Pleasant. 
Burges,  William  H.,  El  Paso. 
Carrigan,  A.  H.,  Wichita  Falls. 
Cooke,  Clay,  Fort  Worth. 
Crook,  W.  M.,  Beaumont. 
Croom,  a  W.,  El  Paso. 
Frank,  D.  A.,  Dallas. 
Franklin,  Thos.  H.,  San  Antonio. 
Graves,  Ireland,  Austin. 
Lawther,  Harry  P.,  Dallas. 
Mays,  Richard,  Corslcana. 
Newman,  F.  M.,  Brady. 
Saner,  Robert  E.  L.,  Dallas. 
Shurter,  E.  D.,  Austin. 
Smith,  W.  D.,  Fort  Worth. 
Smith,  W.  R.,  El  Pasow 
Street,  Robert  G.,  Galveston. 
Stuart,  R.  T.,  Dallas. 
Todd,  Chas.  S.,  Texarkana. 
Werlein,  Ewing,  Houston. 
Wright,  W.  A,  San  Angela 

UTAH. 

Bagley,  Emmett,  M.,  Salt  Lake  City. 
CheK,  Joseph,  Ogden. 
Cluif,  Harvey  H.,  Salt  Lake  City. 
DeYine,  J.  H.,  Ogden. 
Evans,  Jos.  B.,  Ogden. 
Hollingsworth,  Chas.  R.,  Ogden. 
Jenson,  David,  Ogden. 
Kimball,  James  N.,  Ogden. 
Lee,  E.  0.,  Salt  Lake  City. 
MacLane,  John  F.,  Salt  Lake  City. 
Nibley,  Joel,  Salt  Lake  City. 
Porter,  Robt.  B.,  Salt  Lake  City. 
Richards,  Frank  S.,  Salt  Lake  City. 
Richards,  Franklin  S.,  Salt  Lake  City. 
Richards,  Stephen  L.,  Salt  Lake  City. 
Rydalch,  William  E.,  Salt  Lake  City. 
Schulder,  Russell  O.,  Salt  Lake  City. 
Shields,  Dan  B.,  Salt  Lake  Oity. 
Smith,  Geo.  H.,  Salt  Lake  City, 
surfer,  W.  I.,  Salt  Lake  Oity. 


MEMBERS  AND  DELEGATES  BEGISTERED. 


127 


Stephena,  Huold  M.,  Salt  Lake  Oitj, 
Wolfe,  Jamea  H.,  Salt  Lake  Oity. 

TERMONT. 

Hogan,  Geo.  M.,  St.  Albans. 
Button,  Oharlea  I.,  Middlebuiy. 
Powers  George  11.,  MonrlsTllle. 
Tonng,  Geo.   B.,  Montpelier. 

VIRGINIA. 

Beaman,  Robert  P.,  Norfolk. 
Blair,  D.  M.,  Rldunond. 
Bowe,  Stuart,  Rldunond. 
Oaton,  Jamea  R.,  Alexandria. 
Chichester,  O.  M.,  Richmond. 
Groner,  D.  Lawrence,  Norfolk. 
Lea,  John  P.,  Richmond. 
Hassle,  Eugene  0.,  Ridunood. 
Peyton,  Robert  E.,  Jr.,  Richmond. 
Prsntfa,  Robert  R.,  Suffolk. 
Rawley,  J.  Kent,  Richmond. 
Shelton,  Thomas  W.,  Norfolk. 
Williams,  E.  Randolph,  Richmond. 
Wllliama,  Z.  Randolph,  Richmond. 

WASHINGTON. 

Bates,  Charles  O.,  Taooma. 
Heeler,  Adam,  Seattle. 
Bogle,  Lawrence,  Seattle. 
Bridges,  J.  B.,  Olympia. 
Bruener,  Theodore  B.,  Aberdeen. 
Ohadwick,  S.  J.,  Seattte. 
Coleman,  J.  A.,  Everett 
Davis,  Arthur  W.,  Spokane. 
Delle,  Lee  O.,  Takima. 
Dore,  John  F.,  Seattle.' 
Douglaa,  Ma1<M>lm,  Seattle. 
Gordon,  J.  H.,  Taeema. 
Oose,  M.  F.,  Oljmpia. 
Grady,  Thomas  E.,  Takima. 
Haight,  James  A.,  Seattle. 
Hamblen,  L.  R.,  Spokane. 
Herald,  Emcat  B.,  Seattle. 
Herr,  WiUis  B.,  SeatUe. 
Kiier,  B.  H.,  Spokane. 
Levine,  Benjamin  M.,  Seattle. 


Lindsley,  Joseph  B.,  Spokane^ 
McLaren,  W.  G.,  Seattle. 
McWilliams,  H.  L.  M.,  Spokane. 
Hetsenbaum,  Walter,  Seattle. 
Ifonten,  William  A.,  Spokane. 
Muzphy,  John  F.,  Seattle. 
Nuzum,  Richard  W.,  Spokane. 
Peterson,  Charles  T.,  Tacoma. 
Post,  Frank  T.,  Spokane. 
Pummens,  George  H.,  Seattle. 
Remington,  Arthur,  Tacoma. 
Ridiards,  N.  C,  Takima. 
Rowland,  Diz  H.,  Taooma. 
Rupp,  Otto  B.,  Seattle. 
Shepard,  Charles  B.,  Seattle. 
Spirk,  Charlce  A.,  Seattle. 
SuUiTan,  John  J.,  Seattle. 
Thompson,  L.  L.,  Olympia. 
Thorgrlmson,  0.  B.,  Seattle. 
Tolman,  Warren  W.,  Olympia. 
Tyler,  Albert  W.,  Olympia. 

WEST  VIRGINIA. 

Lynch,  Charles  W.,  Clarluburg. 
Madden,  Joseph  Warren,  Morgantown. 
Prerton,  John  J.  D.,  Charleston. 
Smith,  Harvey  F.,  Clarksburg- 
Yandervort,  James  W.,  Parkersburg. 

WISCONSIN. 

Frame,  H.  J.,  Waukesha. 
Hudnall,   George   B.,   Milwaukee. 
Lecher,  Louis  A.,  Milwaukee. 
McConnell,  John  E.,  La  Crosse. 
Owen,  W.  0.«  Madison. 
Sanborn,  John  B.,  Madison. 
Shea,  William  F.,  Ashland. 
Schoets,  Max,  Jr.,  Milwaukee. 
Thompson,  William  D.,  Racine. 

WYOMING. 

Corthell,  N.  E.,  Laramie. 
Kinkead,  W.  C,  Cheyenne. 
Matson,  Roderldc  N.,  Chsyenne. 

Total  number  registered,  1447. 


ANNUAL  DINNER 

The  annual  dinner  was  held  on  Friday  evening,  August  11, 
1922,  at  the  Palace  Hotel,  San  Francisco,  California.    President 
Cordenio  A.  Severance  presided. 
The  speakers  were : 
Beverly  L.  Hodghead,  of  San  Francisco. 
Et.  Hon.  Lord  Shaw,  of  Dunfermline. 
M,  Henry  Aubepin,  of  Paris. 
John  B.  M.  Baxter,  K.  C.  M.  P.,  of  St.  John,  N.  B. 
John  W.  Davis,  of  N"ew  York. 
Senator  Cornelius  Cole,  of  Los  Angeles. 
The  Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States. 
There  were  1030, members  and  guests  in  attendance  at  the 
dinner. 


(128) 


LIST  OF  PRESIDENTS 

1.  1878-70-* Jamis  O.  Bboadhkad  ^ St.  Louis,  MiflBoun. 

2.  1879-80-*Bbnjamik  H.  Bbistow New  York,  New  Yoik. 

3.  188Q-^1-*£dward  J.  Philpb Burlington,  Vermont. 

4.  1881-82-*Clark80N  N.  Pottsb  ' New  York,  New  York. 

5.  1882-^83-* Albxandbb  R.  Lawton Savannah.  Georgia. 

6.  1883-^4-*Ck)BTLAN]yT  Pabxsb Newark,  New  Jersey. 

7.  1884-85-* John  W.  Stivbnson Covington,  Kentucky. 

8.  1885-86-*WiLLiAM  Alubn  Butlib New  York,  New  York. 

0.  1886-87-*Thoma8  J.  Sbmmbs New  Orleans,  Louisiana. 

10.  1887-^88-*Gk>bgb  G.  Wbiqht Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

11.  188S-80-*David  DuDunr  Fikld New  York.  New  York. 

12.  1880-00-*HxNBT  HiTCHOOCK St.  Louis,  Missouri. 

13.  1800-01-  SiMsoN  £.  Baldwin New  Havexi.  Connecticut. 

14.  1801-02-*JoHN  F.  Dillon New  York,  New  York. 

15.  1802-03-* John  Randolph  Tucxeb Lexington,  Vir^nia. 

16.  180^04-*TBOMAa  M.  Coolbt' Ann  Arbor,  Michigan. 

17.  1804-05-*Jami8  C.  Cartib New  York.  New  York. 

18.  1805-06-  MooBnBU)  Stobet Boston,  Masmchusetts. 

10.  1806-07-*Jamb8  M.  Woolwobth Omaha,  Nebraska. 

20.  1807-08-*Willum  Wirt  Bows New  Orleans.  Louisiana. 

21.  1808-00-* JosiPH  H.  Choatb  * New  York,  New  York, 

22.  1800-1000-*Chablb8  F.  Mandbbson Omaha,  Nebraska. 

23.  1000-1001-*Edmund  Wbtmobb New  York.  New  York. 

24.  1001-1002-*U.  M.  RosB Little  Rock,  Arkansas. 

25.  1002-1003-  FsANas  Rawli Philadelphia,   Pennsylvania. 

26.  1003-1004-* James  Hagbbman St.  Louis,  Missouri. 

27.  1004-1005-  Hbnbt  St.  Gborgb  Tuckeb.  .  Lexington,  Virginia. 

28.  1005-1006-  Gbobgb^  R.  Pbck Chicago,  Illinois. 

20.  1006-1008-  Alton  B.Pabkeb New  Yoric,  New  York. 

30.  1007-1008-  J.  M.  Dickinson Chicago,  Illinois. 

31.  1008-1000-  Fbedebick  W.  Lbhmann.  . . .  St.  Louis,  Missouri. 

32.  1000-1010-*Chablb8  F.  Libbt Portland,  Maine. 

33.  IOIO-IOH-^Edoab  H.  Fabbab New  Orleans,  Louisiana. 

34.  1011-1012-*Stbphbn  S.  Gbbqobt Chicago,  Illinois. 

35.  1012-lOia-  Fbank  B.  Kellogq St.  Paul,  Minnesota. 

36.  1013-1014-  WiujAM  H.  Tatt New  Haven,  Connecticut. 

37.  1014-1015-  Petbb  W.  Meldbim Savannah,  Georgia. 

38.  1015-1016-  Elihu  Root New  York,  New  York. 

30.  1016-1017-  Gbobge  Suthebland Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

40.  1017-101&-  Waltbb  Gboroe  Smith Philadelphia,  PennQrlvania. 

41.  1018-1010-  Geobgb  T.  Page Peoria,  Illinois. 

42.  1010-1020-  Hampton  L.  Cabson Philadelphia,   Pennsylvania. 

43.  1020-1021-*WiLUAM  A.  Blount  * Pensacola,  Florida. 

44.  1021-1022-  CoBDBNio  A.  Sbvebange St.  Paul,  Minnesota. 

46.  1022-1023-  John  W.  Davib New  York,  New  York. 

'Deceased. 

*At  the  Oonference  for  organftdng  the  AHodatlon  In  1878*  John  H.  B.  Letrobe,  of 
lUryland,  wu  elected  Temponnr  Gbainoan,  and  when  the  organisation  was  oompleted, 
Benjamin  H.  Bristow.  of  Kentocsy,  was  elected  President  of  the  Conference. 

*  In  oonseqnenoe  of  the  death  of  Olarkson  N.  Potter,  Francis  Keman,  of  New  York, 
presided  and  preiwred  and  delirered  the  President's  Address  in  1882. 

*  In  consequence  of  the  illness  of  Thomas  M.  Cfoolcj,  Samnel  F.  Hnnt,  of  Ohio,  presided 
and  read  the  President's  Address  prepared  hj  Juajge  Ooolqr  in  18M. 

*In  consequence  of  the  absence  of  Joseph  H.  Ohoate,  as  Ambaasador  to  Ortat  Britain, 
Oharles  F.  llandemn,  of  Nebra^,  presided  and  prepared  and  delivered  tlie  President's 
Address  in  18B0. 

*  In  conseqnence  of  the  death  on  June  16,  1021,  of  William  A.  Blonnt  the  Ezecotive 
Committee  elected  the  last  retiring  President,  Hamnton  L.  Carson,  as  Actinic  President 
nntil  the  next  annual  meeting.  James  M.  Beck,  of  New  York,  prepared  snd  read  the 
President's  Address  in  1921. 

(120) 


LIST  OF  SECRETARIES 

1.  187^03-*Edwabd  Otis  Hinxlit  ^ Baltimore,  Maryland. 

2.  1803-190&-  John  Hinklbt  ' Baltimore,  Maiyland. 

3.  190&-1020-*Gbobqb  Whitblock Baltimore,  Maryland. 

4.  102O-  W.  Thomas  Ebmp* Baltimore,  Maryland. 

LIST  OF  ASSISTANT  SECRETARIES 

1.  1909-1910-  Albbbt  C.  RrrcHiB* Bakimc^e,  Maryland. 

2.  1910-1920-  W.  Thomas  Ebmp Baltimore,  Maryland. 

3.  1913-1920-  Gatlobd  Leb  Clark Baltimore,  Maryland. 

LIST  OF  TREASURERS 

1.  1878-1902-  FbANCiB  Rawlk Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania. 

2.  1902-  Fbbdbsick  E.  Wadhams Albany,  New  York. 


• 


Deceued. 


^  In  X878,  Francii  IUwl«,  of  Pennqylyania,  and  Imac  OnuBt  Tliompion,  of  New  York, 
acted  aa  temporarT  8«cretariei  and  aa  Secretaries  of  the  Oonference. 

In  1880,  Edward  Otia  Hinklej  being  abeent,  Walter  Qeorse  Smitli,  off  PennorlranJa. 
acted  aa  SeoreCaiy  pro  tampon. 

>Ib  1808»  John  HinUej  bdnf  abaent,  George  P.  Wanty,  of  Michigan,  acted  mm 
Secretary  pro  tempore. 

*  In  Januaij,  IKO,  George  Whitelock  haying  died,  the  Executive  Oemmittee  appointed 
W.  ThoBM  Senp  to  fill  the  vacancy  until  the  Annual  Meeting  when  the  AModation 
elected  Mm  Secretary. 

^  In  1909  by  Tirtue  of  amendment  to  Oonetitution,  the  Ezecatiye  Oommittct  elected  an 
Afllrtant  Secretary. 


(ISO) 


LIST  OF  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 

1.  1878-87-*LuKB  P.  Poland 8t.  JohDrf>uiy,  Vermont. 

2.  1879-^8-  SiMioN  £.  Baldwin^ New  Haven.  Connecticut 

3.  1878-Sa-*WiLLiAM  A.  FiaHBB Baltimore,  Maryland. 

4.  1880^85-*WiLLiAM  Allbn  BxjTLEa New  York.  New  York. 

6.  188&-90-*Chablb8  C.  Bonnet  ' Chicago,  iJlinoia. 

6.  1887-96-*G«OBaB  A.  Mbbgbr Savannah,  Geoi^a. 

7.  188S-Q0-*JoHN  Randolph  Tugkd Lexington,  Virginia. 

8.  1800-01-*WiLLLiM  P.  Wills Detrmt,  Michigan. 

9.  1890-0^  Altobd  Himbnwat Boston,  Maancnusetts. 

10.  1891-05-*Bbadlbt  G.  Sghlbt Milwaukee.  Wisconsin. 

11.  1805-09-  Chablbb  Claflin  Allbn St.  Louis,  AiisBOuri. 

12.  189fr-07-*WiLLUM  WiBT  HowB New  Orleans,  Louisiana. 

13.  1897-     "  -    -        —  - 

14.  1809- 

15.  1899- 

16.  1899- 

17.  1809- 

18.  1900- 

19.  1900- 

20.  1901- 

21.  1902- 

22.  1902- 

23.  1903- 

24.  1903- 

25.  1903- 

26.  1905- 

27.  1905- 

28.  190&- 

29.  1906- 

30.  1906- 

31.  1908- 

32.  1908- 

33.  1909- 

34.  1909- 

35.  1909- 

36.  1911- 

37.  1911- 

38.  1912- 

39.  1912- 

40.  1912- 

41.  1913- 

42.  19ia- 

43.  1914- 

44.  1914- 

45.  1914- 

46.  191&- 


900-  Chablbb  Noblb  Gbbgobt.  . . .  Washington.  D.  C. 

900-*Edmund  Wbtmobb New  Yoik.  Kew  York. 

901-*U.  M.  RoBB Little  Rock,  Arkansas. 

902-  WnjJAM  A.  Kbtchai£ IncHanapolis,  Indiana. 

902-  Hbnbt  Br,  Gbobob  Tuckbb.  .  Lexington,  Virginia. 

903-  Rqdnbt  a.  Mbbcub Towanda,  Pennsylvania. 

903-*Chablb8  F.  Libbt Portland,  Maine. 

903-*Jambs  Haobbman St.  Louis,  Missouri. 

905-  P.  W.  Mbldbim Savannah,  Qeoivia. 

905-  Plait  Rogbbb Denver,  Coloradfo. 

906-  M.  F.  Dickinson Boston.  Masmchusetts. 

906-  Thbodobb  S.  Gabnbtt Norfolk,  Virnnia. 

906-  WiLLUM  P.  Bbebn Fort  Wayne,  Indiana. 

908-  Chablbb  Monbob Los  Angeles,  California. 

908-*Ralph  W.  BBBCXBNBiDaB. . . .  Omaha,  Nebraska. 
909-*Chablbs  F.  Libbt Portland,  Maine. 

909-  Waltbb  Gbobob  Smith Philadelphia,   Pennaylvania 

909-  RoMB  G.  Bbown Minneapolis,  Minnesota. 

911-  William  O.  Habt New  Orleans,  Louisiana. 

911-  Chablbs  Hbnbt  Butlib New  York,  New  York. 

912-  John  Hinklbt Baltimore,  Morvland. 

912-*Ralph  W.  BsBCKBNBiDaB. . . .  Omaha,  IS(ebrR«ka. 
912-  Ltnn  Hblm Los  Angeles,  California. 

914-  HoLLis  R.  Bailet Boston,  MasBacllusetts. 

914-* Alois  B.  Bbowitb Washington,  D.  C. 

916-  William  H.  Bubgbs El  Paso,  Texas. 

915-  John  H.  Voobhbbs Sioux  Falls,  South  Dakota. 

916-  William  H.  Staazs Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania. 

,914-*Albbbt  W.  Biogs  ' Memphis,  Tennessee. 

916-* William  C.  Niblack Chicago,  Illinois. 

917-  Sbldbn  p.  Spbncbb St.  Louis,  Missouri. 

917-  William  P.  Btnum Greensboro,  North  Carolina. 

917-  Chapin  Bbown Washington,  D.  C. 

918-  Chabubs  N.  Potteb Cheyenne,  Wyoming. 


*  In  1888,  at  the  flnt  meetiiur  of  the  EzaeatiTe  Oommittee  after  the  a^Joummeiit  of  the 
AModatioo,  Slmeoii  E.  Bald^dn  reigned,  and  Oharlea  0.  Boonej  waa  choien  to  lUl  the 
Taeancj  under  Qr-Law  X. 

^  In  leiS,  by  virtue  of  amendment  to  Oonatltutlon,  the  nmnber  of  eleetiTe  mcBBbeia  of 
Bzecotive  Oommittee  waa  Increaaed  from  fire  to  eeren. 

(131) 


132  AMERIOAN  BAB  ASSOCIATION. 

47.  1915-191&-  John  Lowbll Boston,  MaaBachusetts. 

48.  1915-1918-  Charles  Blood  Smith Topeka,  Kansas. 

49.  1916-1919-  Ashley  Cockrill  ' Little  Rock,  Arkansas. 

50.  1916-1917-  Waltbr  George  Smith Philadelphia,   Pennsylvania. 

51.  1917-1918-  George  T.  Page Peoria,  Illinois. 

52.  1917-1920-  T.  A.  Hammond Atlanta.  Georjcia. 

53.  1917-1920-  U.  S.  Q.  Cherry Sioux  Falls,  South  Dakota. 

54.  1917-1920-  Charles  Thadoeus  Terry.  . .  New  York,  New  York. 

55.  1917-1920-  RoBEST  E.  L.  Saner* Dallas,  Texas. 

56.  191^1921-  Edmund  F.  Trabue Louisville,  Kentucky. 

57.  1918-1921-  Thomas  H.  Reynolds Kansas  City,  Missouri. 

58.  1918-1921-  George  B.  Young Montpelier,  Vermont. 

59.  1918-1921-  Paul  Howland   Cleveland.  Ohio. 

60.  1919-1922-  Thomas  C.  McClellan Montgomery,  Alabama. 

61.  1920-  Hugh  H.  Brown Tonopah,  Nevada. 

62.  1920-  John  B.  Corliss Detroit,  Michigan. 

63.  1920-  John  T.  Richards Chicago,  Illinois. 

64.  1920-  W.  O.  Hart* New  Orleans,  Louisiana. 

65.  1921-  Thomas  W.  Blackburn Omaha,  Nebraska. 

66.  1921-  Wiluam  Brosmith  Hartford,  Connecticut. 

67.  1921-  S.  E.  Ellsworth Jamestown,  North  Dakota. 

68.  1921-  Thomas  W.  Shblton Norfolk,  Virginia. 

69.  1922-  A.  T.  Stovall Okolona,  Mississippi. 


• 


'Deceased. 

■  In  1916,  by  virtue  of  amendment  to  Constitution,  the  number  of  elective  members  of 
Executive  Oommittee  was  increased  from  seven  to  elftht.  ^      ^ 

«ln  1016,  by  virUe  of  amendment  to  Constitution,  the  Chairman  of  the  Qeneral 
Council  was  made  an  m  officio  member  of  the  Executive  Committee. 


LIST  OF  PLACES'  OF  MEETING  AND  ATTENDANCE 


Meeting.  Year 
1....1878. 

2.... 1879. 
3.. ..1880. 
4.... 1881. 
5.... 1882. 
6.... 1883. 

7. • . ■ lao4. 

8.. ..1885. 

o. . . . looD. 

10.... 1887. 
11. ...1888. 
12.... 1880. 

lu. ... lovU. 

14.... 1891. 
15.... 1892. 
16.. . .1893. 

If....  lolfs. 
lo. ... looD. 

19.... 1896. 
20.. ..1897. 
21.... 1898. 
£i» . . .  lo9<7. 
23. ...1900. 
24.. ..1901. 
25.. ..1902. 
26.... 1903. 

£t  m  ...  IVIn. 

28.... 1905. 

^9. ... IVUO. 
oO. ...  1907. 
31.... 1908. 
«S2. ...  1909. 

33.... 1910. 

34.... 1911. 

'  35.... 1912. 

.  vD. ... 191o. 

37.... 1914. 
38.... 1915. 

39 1916. 

40. ...1917. 
41.... 1918. 
42.... 1919. 
43.... 1920. 
44. ...1921. 
45.... 1922. 


Date. 

.Aug.  21,  22 

.Aug.  20,  21 

.Aug.  18,  19,  20 

.Aug.  17,  18,19 

.Aug.  8,  9, 10,  11 

.Aug.  22,  23,  24 

.Aug.  20,  21,  22 

.Aug.  19,20,21 

.Aug.  18,  19,  20 

.Aug.  17,  18,19 

.Aug.  15,16,17 

.Aug.  28,  29,  30 

.Aug.  20,  21,  22 

Aug.  26,  27,  28 

.Aug.  24,  25,  26 

.Aug.  30,  31,  Sept.  1... 

.Aug.  22,  23,  24 

.Aug.  27,  28,  29,  30 

.Aug.  19,20,21 

.Aug.  26,  26,  27 

.Aug.  17,  18,  19 

.Aug.  28,  29,  30 

.Aug.  29,  30,31 

.Aug.  21,  22,  23 

.Aug.  27,  28,  29 

.Aug.  26,  27,  28 

.Sept.  26,27,28 

.Aug.  23,  24,  25 

.Aug.  29,  30,  31 

.Aug.  26,  27,  28 

.Aug.  25,  26,  27,  28 

.Aug.  24,  25,  26,  27 

.Aug.  30,  31,  Sept.  1... 

.Aug.  29,  30,  31 

.Aug.  27,  28,  29 

.Sept.  1,  2,  3 

.Oct.  20,  21,22 

.Aug.  17,  18,  19 

.Aug.  30,  31,  Sept.  1... 

.Sept.  4,  5  6 

.Aug.  28,  29,  30 

.Sept.  3,  4,  5 

.Aug.  25,  26,  27 

.Auk.  31.  Sept.  1,2 

.Aug.  9,  10,  11 


Place. 


Attendance. 


Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y 75 

Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y. . . .  (m  iMwd) 

Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y 97 

Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y 124 

Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y 107 

Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y 120 

Saratoga  Springs,  K.  Y 108 

Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y 124 

Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y 137 

Saratoga  Springs,  K.  Y 149 

Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y 121 

Chicago,  Dl 158 

Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y 132 

Boston,  Mass 292 

Saratoga  Sprinfps,  N.  Y 143 

Milwaukee,  Wis 130 

Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y 140 

Detroit,  Mich 199 

Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y 276 

Cleveland,  Ohio 184 

Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y 227 

Buffalo,  N.Y 227 

Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y 230 

Denver,  Colo 306 

Saratoga  Springs,  N.^Y 230 

Hot  Springs,  Va 250 

St.  Louis,  Mo 451 

Narragansett  Pier,  R.  1 277 

St.  Paul,  Minn 369 

Portland,  Maine  402 

Seattle,  Washington 312 

Detroit,  Michifsan 389 

Chattanooga,  Tennesee 324 

Boston,  Mass 625 

Milwaukee,  Wis 558 

Montreal,  Canada 1023 

Washington,  D.  C 1184 

Salt  Lake  City,  Utah 531 

Chicago,  III 943 

Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y 598 

Cleveland,  Ohio 604 

Boston,  Mass 871 

St.  Louis,  Mo 727 

Cincinnnti.  Ohio  1206 

San  Francisco,  Cal 1447 


(133) 


CONSTITUTION  AND  BY-LAWS 


CONSTITUTION 
Artiolb  I. 

NAKB  AND  OBJBCT. 

This  Association  shall  be  known  as  ^'Thb  Akericak  Bab 
Association/'  Its  object  shall  be  to  advance  the  science  of 
jurispmdence,  promote  the  administration  of  justice  and  uni- 
formity of  legislation  and  of  judicial  decision  throughout  the 
Nation^  uphold  the  honor  of  the  profession  of  the  law,  and  en- 
courage cordial  intercourse  among  the  members  of  the  Americar 
Bar. 

Abholb  II. 

*      QUALIFI0ATI0N8  FOB  KBKBBB8HIP. 

Any  person,  on  nomination  in  accordance  with  the  proyisions 
of  Article  III,  shall  be  eligible  to  membership  in  this  Associa- 
tion who  shall  be,  and  shall  have  been  for  three  years  next 
preceding  nomination,  a  member  in  good  standing  of  the  Bar 
of  any  state. 

Abticlb  III. 

BLBOTION  OF  KBHBBBB. 

(a)  Nominations  for  membership  shall  be  made  by  a  majority 
of  the  Local  Council  of  the  state  to  the  Bar  of  which  the  persons 
nominated  belong,  and  must  be  transmitted  in  writing  to  the 
Chairman  of  the  General  Council,  and  approved  by  the  Council 
on  vote  by  ballot,  except  as  provided  in  sub-division  (d)  hereof. 

(b)  The  General  Council  may  also  nominate  members  from 
states  having  no  Local  Council,  and  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the 
Association  may  nominate  members  from  any  state  of  which 

*  Adopted  September  5,  1919. 

(134) 


00N8TIXUTI0N.  186 

a  majority  of  the  members  of  the  Local  Coimdl  are  not  then 
in  attendance;  but  no  such  nomination  shall  be  made  or  con- 
sidered by  the  General  Council,  unless  supported  by  a  statement 
in  writing  of  at  least  three  members  of  the  Association  from 
the  same  state  with  the  person  nominated,  or  in  the  absence 
of  three  such  members,  then  by  three  members  from  a  neigh- 
boring state  or  states,  to  the  efEeet  that  the  person  nominated 
has  the  qualifications  required  by  the  Constitotion  and  desires 
to  become  a  member  of  the  Association,  and  that  his  admission 
as  a  member  is  recommended  by  the  signers  of  the  statement. 

(c)  All  nominations  thus  msde  shall  be  reported  by  the  Coun- 
cil to  the  Association  for  its  action.  The  vote  shall  be  taken 
viva  voce,  unless  any  member  demand  a  vote  by  ballot  upon  any 
name  thus  reported,  in  which  case  the  Association  shaU  yote 
thereon  by  ballot.    Five  negatiye  Yotes  shall  prevent  an  election. 

(d)  During  the  period  between  annual  meetings,  members 
may  be  elected  by  the  Executive  Committee  upon  the  written 
nomination  of  a  majority  of  the  Local  Council  of  any  state. 
One  negative  vote  in  the  Executive  Committee  shall  prevent  an 
election. 

(e)  Persons  of  distinction  who  are  members  of  the  Bar  of 
another  country  but  not  members  of  the  Bar  of  any  state 
of  the  United  States,  may,  without  formal  nomination  or  cer- 
tification, be  elected  by  the  Executive  Committee  to  be  honorary 
members  of  the  Association.  Honorary  members  shall  be  entitled 
to  the  privileges  of  the  fioor  during  meetings,  but  shall  not  be 
entitled  to  vote,  and  they  shall  pay  no  dues. 

AanoLB  rv. 

OPFIOflBS,  OOMlOmDn  AKD  810TI0NB. 

The  following  ofiicers  shall  be  elected  at  each  annual  meet- 
ing for  the  year  ensuing: 

A  President; 

A  Vice-President  from  each  state; 
A  Secretary; 
A  Treasurer; 

A  General  Council,  consisting  of  one  member  from  each 
state. 


136  AMERICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 

The  same  person  shall  not  be  elected  President  in  two  sucoeG- 
sive  years. 

The  General  Council  shall  be  a  Committee  on  Nominations 
for  office  and  shall  elect  its  Chairman  annoallyy  but  ths 
same  person  shall  not  be  elected  Chairman  more  than 
three  successive  years. 

There  shall  be  an  Executive  Committee^  which  shall  con- 
sist of  the  President^  the  last  retiring  President,  the  Chairman  of 
the  General  Council^  the  Secretary  and  the  Treasurer,  all  of 
whom  shall  be  members  ez-officio,  together  with  eight  other 
members  to  be  elected  by  the  Association  upon  nomination  by 
the  General  Council,  but  no  member  shall  be  elected  more  than 
three  years  in  succession.  The  President,  and  in  his  absence  the 
former  President,  shall  be  Chairman  of  the  committee. 

The  Executive  Committee  shall  have  full  power  and  authority, 
in  the  interval  between  meetings  of  the  Association,  to  do  all 
acts  and  perform  all  functions  which  the  Association  itself  might 
do  or  perform,  except  that  it  shall  have  no  power  to  amend  the 
Constitution  or  By-Laws. 

There  shall  be  one  or  more  Assistant  Secretaries,  who  shall  be 
elected  by  the  Executive  Committee,  and  shall  hold  office  at  the 
pleasure  of  that  committee. 

The  following  committees  shall  be  appointed  annually  by  the 
President  for  the  year  ensuing,  each  to  consist  of  five  members, 
unless  otherwise  specifically  indicated  herein  : 

On  Commerce,  Trade  and  Commercial  Law ; 

On  International  Law; 

On  Insurance  Law; 

On  Jurisprudence  and  Law  Beform,  to  consist  of  15  members ; 

On  Professional  Ethics  and  Grievances; 

On  Admiralty  and  Maritime  Law ; 

On  Publicity; 

On  Publications ; 

On  Noteworthy  Changes  in  Statute  Law ; 

On  Legal  Aid  Work ; 

On  Membership,  to  consist  of  such  number  as  the  President 
may  appoint;  and 

On  Memorials,  of  which  the  Secretary  shall  be  the  Chairman. 


CONSTITUTION.  1S7 

The  Chairman  of  each  Section  of  the  Association,  and  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  National  Conference  of  Commissioners  on  Uniform 
State  Laws,  shall  each  be  deemed  a  committee  of  one,  and  each 
shall  report  the  work  of  his  Section  or  Conference  and  present  its 
recommendations  for  action  by  the  Association. 

A  majority  of  the  meimbers  of  any  committee,  including  the 
General  Council,  present  at  any  meeting  shall  constitute  a 
quorum. 

The  Vice-President  for  each  state  and  four  other  members 
from  such  state  to  be  annually  elected,  shall  constitute  a  Local 
Council  for  such  state.  The  Vice-President  shall  be  ez-olBScio 
Chairman  thereof.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Vice-President 
from  each  state  to  report  the  deaths  of  members  within  the 
same  to  the  Committee  on  Memorials. 

The  members  of  the  General  Council  and  the  members  of  the 
Local  Council  in  each  state  shall  constitute  a  committee  for  their 
state  to  further  the  interests  and  opinions  of  the  American  Bar 
Association  in  such  manner  and  in  such  ways  as  shall  be  sug- 
gested by  the  Executive  Committee. 

There  shall  be  the  following  Sections  of  the  Association : 

Section  of  Legal  Education  and  Admissions  to  the  Bar ; 

Section  of  Patent,  Trade-Mark  and  Copyright  Law ; 

Judicial  Section ; 

Comparative  Law  Bureau ; 

Section  of  Public  Utility  Law ; 

Section  of  Criminal  Law  and  Criminology ; 

Conference  of  Bar  Association  Delegates;  and  such  other 
Sections  as  may  from  time  to  time  be  authorized  by  the  Associa- 
tion upon  the  recommendation  of  the  Executive  Committee 
thereof. 

Each  Section  shall  have  a  Chairman,  Vice-Chairman,  Secre- 
tary, Treasurer,  and  a  Council  which  shall  consist  of  eight  mem- 
bers elected  by  the  Section.  Each  Section  shall  have  power  to 
adopt  By-Laws  for  the  regulation  of  its  functions,  not  inconsis- 
tent with  the  Constitution  and  By-Laws  of  the  Association, 
and  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Executive  Committee  of 
the  Association.  The  Council  of  each  Section  shall  be  known 
and  designated  as  '^  The  Council  of  the  American  Bar  Associa- 
tion'' on  the  particular  subject  which  characterizes  the  work  of 


138  AMERICAN  BAB  A8SO0UTION. 

tile  Seotion^  as,  for  example^  the  Council  of  the  Section  of  Legal 
Education  and  Admissions  to  the  Bar  shall  be  known  as  '^  The 
Council  of  the  American  Bar  Association  on  Legal  Education  and 
Admissions  to  the  Bar.*'  Qualifications  for  membership  in  anj 
Section  may  be  determined  by  the  Section  itself  and  shall  be 
defined  in  its  own  By-Laws,  provided  that  action  taken  by  a 
Section  must  be  approved  by  the  Association  before  the  same 
shall  become  e£Fective. 

Abtiolb  V. 

BT-LAWS. 

By-laws  may  be  adopted,  amended,  or  rescinded  at  any  meet- 
ing of  the  Association  by  a  vote  of  three-fourths  of  the  mem- 
bers present  at  any  session  of  such  annual  meeting,  provided 
there  be  not  less  than  two  hundred  members  present  at  such 
annual  meeting,  and  provided  further  that  notice  shall  have  been 
given  by  the  Secretary  to  the  members  of  the  Association  either 
by  mail  or  by  publication  in  the  Journal  at  least  thirty  Aays 
before  the  meeting  at  which  action  is  taken. 

Artiolb  YI. 

DUBS. 

Bach  member  shall  pay  $6.00  to  the  Treasurer  annually,  which 
sum  shall  include  dues  and  the  cost  of  subscription  to  the 
Ambbioan  Bar  Assooiation  Journal,  which  to  members  is 
$1.60  per  year.  All  other  publications  of  the  Association  shall 
be  free  of  charge  to  the  members.  No  person  shall  be  in  good 
standing  or  qualified  to  exercise  any  privilege  of  membership 
who  is  in  default.  The  Executive  Committee,  in  its  discretion, 
may  remit  the  dues  of  any  member  under  special  circumstances. 

Artiolb  VII. 

PBBSIDENT'S  ADDBB88. 

At  each  annual  meeting  of  the  Association,  the  President 
shall  deliver  an  address  upon  such  topics  as  he  may  select  with 
the  approval  of  the  Executive  Committee. 


OONSTITUTION.  139 

Abticlb  VIII, 

ANNUAL  KKBTING8. 

The  Association  shall  meet  annually  at  such  time  and  place 
as  the  Executive  Committee  may  select^  and  those  present  at 
any  session  of  any  meeting  shall  constitute  a  quorum,  except  as 
proYided  in  Articles  Y  and  X. 

The  American  flag  shall  be  displayed  at  all  meetings  of  the 

Arxiolb  IX. 

RBFSBSNDUX. 

The  Executive  Committee  may  submit  from  time  to  time  by 
referendum  to  the  individual  members  of  the  Association  ques- 
tions affecting  fhe  substance  or  the  administration  of  the  law 
which  in  the  opinion  of  the  Committee  are  of  immediate  practical 
importance  to  the  whole  country. 

AxnoLB  X. 

A1CSNDHBNT8. 

This  Constitation  may  be  altered  or  amended  only  by  a  vote 
of  three-fourths  of  the  members  present  at  any  session  of  an 
annual  meeting,  but  no  such  change,  shall  be  made  unless  at  least 
two  hundred  members  shall  be  present,  nor  unless  notice  of  the 
proposed  alteration  or  amendment  shall  have  been  given  by  the 
Secretary  to  the  members  of  the  Association  either  by  mail  or 
by  publication  in  the  JoubnaIj  at  least  thirty  days  before  the 
meeting  at  which  the  amendment  is  offered. 

Abtiolb  XI. 

CX>N9TBU0nON. 

The  word  ''  state,''  whenever  used  in  this  Constitution,  shaU 
be  deemed  to  comprise  state,  territory,  the  District  of  Columbia 
or  any  insular  or  other  possession  of  tiie  United  States  and  places 
over  which  the  United  States  exercises  extra-territorial  juris- 

diction. 


BY-LAWS. 

MSBTINQ  OF  THB  A88O0UTI0N. 

I.  The  program  and  order  of  exercises  at  the  annual  meeting 
of  the  Association  shall  be  those  prescribed  by  the  Execative 
Committee  and  notified  to  the  members  at  least  thirty  days  before 
the  meeting. 

BEPOBTB  OP  OOHKITTBES. 

II.  Where  the  report  of  a  committee  has  been  printed^  it  shall 
not  be  read  at  a  meeting  of  the  Association,  but  if  the  report 
recommends  action  by  the  Association,  the  recommendations  shall 
be  set  forth  at  the  beginning  of  the  report,  and  the  chairman  of 
the  committee  may  state  briefly  to  the  meeting  their  substance 
and  the  reasons  for  them. 

HBSOLUTIONS — ^PBOOEDUBB. 

III.  No  person  shall  speak  more  than  ten  minutes  at  a  time 
or  more  than  twice  on  one  subject,  except  as  indicated  on  the 
formal  program  prepared  by  the  Executiye  Committee. 

Eveiy  resolution  shall  be  in  writing  and  unless  of  a  formal 
character  or  presented  by  a  committee,  shall  be  referred  by  the 
Chair  .on  presentation,  without  debate,  to  an  appropriate  com- 
mittee for  consideration  and  report.  No  resolution  which  is 
neither  favorably  reported  by  a  committee  nor  adopted  by  the 
Association,  shall  be  published  in  the  proceedings  of  the  meetings. 

No  legislation  shall  be  reconmiended  or  approved  by  the  Asso- 
ciation unless  there  has  been  a  report  of  a  committee  thereon, 
and  unless  such  legislation  be  approved  by  a  two-thirds  vote  of 
the  members  of  the  Association  present. 

No  resolution  complimentary  to  an  officer  or  member  for  any 
service  performed,  paper  read  or  address  delivered  shall  be  con- 
sidered by  the  Association. 

N0N-MH1CBIEB8 :    PBIVILBQIBS  OF  FLOOB. 

lY.  Members  of  the  Bar  of  any  foreign  country  or  of  any  state 
who  are  not  members  of  the  Association  may  be  admitted  to  the 
privileges  of  the  floor  at  any  meeting  of  the  Association. 

(140) 


BY-LAWB.  141 

BOOKS  AMD  PAPXBfl  OP  THB  A8800IATI0H. 

V.  All  papers,  addresses  and  reports  read  before  the  Associa- 
tion or  submitted  to  it,  shall  be  lodged  with  the  Secretary  and 
become  the  property  of  the  Association,  and  shall  not  be  published 
unless  by  the  express  direction  of  the  Executiye  Committee. 
Gonmiittee  reports  which  have  been  printed  in  full  in  the 
Journal  shall  not  be  printed  again  in  the  annual  volume  of  the 
Association,  but  there  may  be  printed  therein  a  brief  epitome  or 
condensed  summary  of  such  a  report  which  may  be  prepared  by 
the  chairman  of  the  committee  making  the  report. 

Extra  copies,  not  exceeding  one  hundred  in  number,  of  any 
report,  address  or  paiper  read  before  the  Association  may  be 
printed  by  the  direction  of  the  Executive  Committee  for  the  use 
of  the  author. 

The  Executive  Committee  shall  arrange  through  the  Smith- 
sonian Institution,  or  otherwise,  a  system  of  exchanges  by  which 
the  Transactions  can  be  exchanged  annually  for  those  of  Asso* 
oiations  in  foreign  countries  interested  in  jurisprudence  or 
governmental  affairs;  and  the  Secretary  shall  exchange  the 
Transactioas  for  those  of  the  State  and  Local  Bar  Associations. 
All  books  thus  acquired  shall  be  boimd  and,  provided  the  New 
York  City  Bar  Association  consents  thereto,  shall  be  deposited  in 
the  charge  of  that  Association,  subject  to  the  call  of  this  Asso- 
ciation, if  it  ever  desires  to  withdraw  or  consult  them. 

The  Secretary  shall  send  one  copy  of  the  Annual  Report  to  the 
President  of  the  United  States,  to  the  Chief  Justice  of  the 
United  States,  to  each  of  the  Associate  Justices  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States,  to  the  Library  of  the  State  Depart- 
ment, and  of  the  Department  of  Justice  ttiereof,  to  the  Governor, 
to  the  Chief  Judge  or  the  Chief  Justice  of  the  court  of  last 
resort  of  each  state,  to  the  State  Librarian  thereof,  to  all  public 
law  libraries,  to  college  libraries,  to  other  principal  libraries  in 
the  United  States,  and  to  such  other  persons  or  bodies  as  the 
Executive  Committee  may  direct. 

OmOBBS  AND  00KKITTBB8. 

YI.  The  terms  of  ofiSce  of  all  officers  elected  at  any  annual 
meeting  shall  commence  at  the  adjournment  of  such  meeting, 
except  the  members  of  the  General  Council,  whose  term  of  office 


142  AMSRIOAN  BAB  AS800IATI0K. 

shall  commeHce  immedietely  upon  their  election.  Vacancies  in 
any  office,  except  the  Oeneral  Council,  occurriAg  between  the 
annual  meetings  shall  be  filled  by  the  Ezecutiye  Oommittee ;  and 
such  interim  vacancies  in  the  (General  Council  shall  be  filled  by 
the  Local  Coimoil  of  the  state. 

VII.  The  President  shall  appoint  all  committees,  including 
special  committees,  and  shall  announce  the  appointments  to  the 
Secretary,  who  shall  give  notice  to  the  persons  appointed. 

There  shall  be  appointed  annually  by  the  President  a  oom- 
mittee to  be  known  as  the  Beception  Committee,  whose  duty  it 
shall  be  to  attend  immediately  before  and  at  the  opening  of  the 
first  day's  session  of  the  meeting  to  receive  members  and  delegates 
and  introduce  them  to  each  other. 

The  Committee  on  Professional  Ethics  and  Qrieyances  shall: 

(1)  Assist  state  and  local  bar  associations  in  all  matters 
concerning  their  activities  in  respect  to  the  ethics  of  the  pro- 
fession, collect  and  communicate  to  the  Association  information 
concerning  such  activities  and,  from  time  to  time,  make  recom- 
mendations on  the  subject  to  the  Association. 

(2)  Be  authorized,  in  its  discretion,  to  express  its  opinion  con- 
cerning proper  professional  conduct  and  particularly  concerning 
the  application  of  the  Canons  of  Ethics  thereto,  when  consulted 
by  ofiicers  or  committees  of  state  or  local  bar  associations.  Such 
expression  of  opinion  shall  only  be  made  after  a  consideration 
thereof  at  a  meeting  of  the  committee  and  approval  by  at  least 
a  majority  of  the  committee. 

(3)  Be  authorized  to  hear,  in  meeting  of  the  committee,  upon 
its  own  motion,  or  upon  complaint  preferred,  charges  of  pro- 
fessional misconduct  against  any  member  of  this  Association. 
As  a  result  of  such  hearing  it  may  recommend  to  the  Executive 
Committee  the  forfeiture  of  the  right  to  membership  of  any  such 
member.  All  such  recommendations  shall  be  accompanied  by  a 
transcript  of  the  evidence  and  shall  only  be  made  after  the 
accused  member  has  been  given  notice  of  the  nature  of  the  com- 
plaint and  after  a  reasonable  opportunity  has  been  accorded  him 
or  her  to  submit  evidence  and  argument  in  defense. 

(4)  Forfeiture  of  the  membership  of  any  member  as  herein- 
before provided  shall  become  effective  when  approved  by  a 
majority  of  all  of  the  members  of  the  Executive  Committee  and 


BT-LAW8  143 

all  interest  in  the  property  of  the  Aflsocifttion  of  perscms  whose 
manbership  is  so  forfeited  shall  ipso  facto  vest  in  the  Associa- 
tion. The  membership  in  the  Association,  and  all  interest  in 
the  property  of  the  Association  of  a  member  shall  ipso  facto 
cease  upon  his  disbarment,  or  a  final  judgment  of  conviction  of  a 
fdony. 

(6)  Whenever  specific  charges  of  unprofessional  conduct  shall 
be  made  against  any  member  of  the  Bar,  whether  or  not  a  mem- 
ber of  this  Associati(m,  and  the  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Professional  Ethics  and  Grievances  is  of  the  opinion  that  the 
case  is  such  as  requires  investigation  or  prosecution  in  the  courts, 
the  same  shall  be  referred  by  the  Chairman  to  the  appropriate 
state  or  local  bar  association  where  such  attorney  resides  and  it 
diall  be  the  duty  of  the  Chairman,  ia  co-operation  with  the 
local  Vice-President  of  this  Association  for  the  state  where  such 
attorney  resides,  to  urge  the  appropriate  officers  or  committees 
of  state  or  local  bar  associations  to  institute  iaquiry  into  the 
merits  of  the  complaint,  and  to  take  such  action  thereon  as  may 
be  appropriate,  with  a  view  to  the  vindication  of  lawyers  un- 
justly accused,  and  the  discipline  by  the  appropriate  tribunal  of 
lawyers  guilty  of  unprofessional  conduct. 

(6)  The  committee,  with  the  approval  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee, shall  formulate  rules  not  inconsistent  with  this  by-law 
to  give  effect  to  the  foregoing  provisions,  which  rules  shall  be 
published  in  the  annual  reports  of  the  Association.* 

VIIL  The  Treasurer's  report  shall  be  examined  and  audited 
annually  before  its  presentation  to  the  Association,  by  a  licensed 
public  accountant  designated  by  the  President. 

IX.  The  Qeneral  Council  and  all  standing  committees  shall 
meet  at  the  time  and  place  of  the  annual  meeting  at  such  hourt 
as  their  respective  chairmen  shall  appoint. 

The  Secretiuy  of  the  Association  shall  be  the  Secretary  of  tha 
General  Council. 

X.  Special  meetings  of  any  committee  shall  be  held  at  such 
times  ^d  places  as  the  Chairman  thereof  may  appoint  Beason- 
able  notice  shall  be  mailed  by  him  to  each  member. 

^he  traveling  and  other  necessary  expenses  incurred  by  any 
committee,  standing  or  special,  for  meetings  of  such  committee 

*  Amended  August  10,  1022. 


144  AMERICAN  BAB  ASSOCIATION. 

or  otherwise,  during  the  interval  between  the  annual  meetings  of 
the  Association,  shall  be  paid  by  the  Treasurer  out  of  such  ap^ 
propriation  as  the  Executive  Committee  shall  have  made  on 
application  in  each  case  in  advance  of  its  expenditure.  Such 
application  shall  be  made  in  writing  by  the  chairman  of  each 
committee  thirty  days  before  the  mid-winter  meeting  of  the 
Executive  Committee  and  upon  a  specific  budget. 

All  committees  may  have  their  reports  printed  by  the  Secre- 
tary, upon  order  duly  made  by  the  Executive  Committee,  before 
the  aimual  meeting  of  the  Association;  and  any  such  report  con- 
taining any  recommendation  for  action  by  the  Association, 
shall  be  printed,  together  with  a  draft  of  a  bill  embodying  the 
views  of  the  Committee,  whenever  legislation  shall  be  proposed. 
Such  reports  shall  be  distributed  by  mail  by  the  Secretary 
to  all  members  of  the  Association  at  least  thirty  days  before  the 
annual  meeting  at  which  such  report  is  proposed  to  be  submitted 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  each  Vice-President  and  member  of 
the  General  Coimcil  to  endeavor  to  procure  the  enactment  by 
the  legislature  of  his  state  of  every  law  recommended  by  the 
Association,  and  the  Secretary  shall  furnish  them  with  copies 
of  every  recommendation  and  of  every  bill  recommended  and  a 
copy  of  this  by-law;  and  whenever  the  Association  shall  by 
resolution  recommend  the  enactment  of  any  law,  the  Secretary 
shall  furnish  as  soon  as  possible,  a  copy  of  the  resolution  tp  the 
President  of  each  State  Bar  Association,  with  the  request  that 
such  Association  cooperate  with  the  local  vice*president  and 
member  of  the  General  Council  of  this  Association  and  the  Na^ 
tional  Conference  of  Commissioners  on  Uniform  State  I^aws  of 
such  state  in  having  a  bill  introduced  in  the  legislature  of  its  state 
in  conformity  with  the  recommendation  of  this  Association,  and 
use  proper  means  to  procure  the  enactment  of  the  same  into  law. 
In  every  state  where  there  is  no  State  Bar  Association,  a  copy  of 
such  resolution,  with  a  similar  request,  shall  be  sent  to  the 
President  of  the  Bar  Association  of  the  principal  cities  in  the 
state;  and  in  every  instance  where  the  form  of  bill  has  been 
recommended,  a  copy  thereof  shall  also  be  sent  with  the  resolution. 


5Y-LAWS  146 

ANNUAL  DUES. 

XI.  The  annual  dues  shall  be  payable  at  the  annual  meeting 
in  advance.  If  any  member  neglects  to  pay  his  dues  on  or  before 
June  1st  following  the  annual  meeting  it  shall  be  the  duty  of 
the  Treasurer  to  serve  upon  him,  by  mail,  a  copy  of  this  by-law 
and  notice  that  unless  the  dues  are  paid  within  one  month  there- 
after, the  default  will  be  reported  to  the  Executive  Committee 
which  may,  without  further  notice,  cause  his  name  to  be  stricken 
from  the  roll  for  non-payment  of  dues,  and  his  membership  and  all 
rights  in  respect  thereto  will  thereupon  cease. 

SECTIONS. — GBNE&AL  REGULATIONS. 

XII.  Each  Section  shall  meet  at  least  once  a  year  in  con* 
nection  with  the  meeting  of  the  Association,  but  not  during  such 
hours  as  the  Association  is  in  session. 

2.  The  proceedings  of  any  or  all  of  the  Sections  may  be  pub- 
lished from  time  to  time,  in  the  discretion  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee. 

3.  Any  member  of  the  Association  may  enroll  himself  as 
a  member  of  any  Section  provided  he  meets  the  requirements 
in  other  respects  of  the  by-laws  of  such  Section. 

4.  Matters  arising  in  the  meetings  of  the  Association  which 
relate  to  a  subject  with  which  a  Section  is  primarily  concerned, 
may  be  referred  to  such  Section. 

5.  Appropriations  may  be  made  from  time  to  time  by  the 
Executive  Committee  of  the  Association  to  any  Section,  to  the 
Conference  of  Bar  Association  Delegates,  and  to  the  National 
Conference  of  Commissioners  on  Uniform  State  Laws;  but  the 
financial  liability  of  the  Association  to  the  Sections  or  any  of 
them,  to  the  Conference  of  Bar  Association  Delegates,  or  to  the 
National  Conference  of  Commissioners  on  Uniform  State  Laws, 
shall  be  limited  to  such  appropriations  as  may  be  made  for  them 
and  shall  cease  upon  payment  to  the  treasurers  of  the  Sections  or 
of  the  Conferences  of  the  amount  so  appropriated. 

6.  The  chairman  or  other  oflFicer  of  each  Section  and  of  the 
Conference  of  Bar  Association  Delegates,  shall  present  to  the 
Association  at  its  annua]  meeting  a  report  in  detail  ot  its  work 
and  finances  up  to  the  preceding  June  1st. 


OFFICERS 

1922-1923. 

Pkobsident; 

JOHN  W.  DAVIS,  16  Broad  Street,  New  York,  N.  f. 

Segrbtabt, 
W.  THOMAS  KEMP,  901  Maryland  Trust  Bidg.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Tbbasubeb, 
FREDERICK  E.  WADHAMS,  78  Chapel  Street,  Albany,  N.  Y, 

EXBCUTIVB  COMMITTEB, 

EX-omcio  Hugh  H.  Brown,  Tonopah.  Nev. 

Thb  SbotSSt'  "^^^^  ^-  <^«^i88,  Detroit,  Mich. 

Thb  Trbasurbr,  John  T.  Richards,  Chicago,  111. 

CoRDBNio  A.  Sbvebancb,  Thomas  W.  Blackburn,  Omaha,  Neb. 

Former  Proident,  Wh-uam  Brosmith,  Hartford,  Conn. 

W  6  Hiiw    ^^^'  ^-  ^'  Ellsworth,  Jamestown.  N.  D. 

Chm.  Genl.  Council,  Thomas  W.  Shblton,  Norfolk,  Va. 

New  Orleans,  La.  A.  T.  Stovall,  Okolona,  Miss. 

SECTION  OF  LEGAL  EDUCATION  AND  ADMISSIONS  TO 

THE  BAR. 

Sn^B  H.  Strawn,  Chicago,  HI.,  Chairman, 

John  B.  Sanborn,  Madison,  Wis.,  Secretary  and  Treasurer. 

SECTION  OF  PATENT,  TRADE-MARK  AND  COPYRIGHT  LAW. 

Chas.  E.  Brock,  Cleveland,  Ohio,  Chairman, 
Edward  S.  Rogers,  Chicago,  111.,  Vice-Chairman, 
Alfred  M.  Allbn,  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  Treasurer, 
Eugene  Mason,  Washington,  D.  C,  Secretary, 

JUDICIAL  SECTION. 

John  P.  Briscoe,  Prince  Frederick,  Md.,  Chairman, 
John  T.  Tucker,  Baltimore,  Md.,  Secretary. 

COMPARATIVE  LAW  BUREAU. 

William  W.  Smfthebs,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Chairman, 
Charles  S.  Lobingier,  Shanghai,  China,  Vice-Chairman. 
Robert  P.  Shick,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Secretary, 
Eugene  C.  Massib,  Uiohmond,  Va^  Treasurer. 

SECTION  OF  PUBLIC  UTILITY  LAW. 

John  B.  Sanborn,  Madison^  Wis.,  Chairman. 
Chester  I.  Long,  Wichita,  Kan.,  Vice^hairman. 
Edward  A.  Armstrong,  Newark,  N.  J.,  Secretary. 
John  Randolph  Tucker,  Richmond,  Va.,  Treasurer. 

(146) 


OFFICERS.  147 


SECTION  OF  CRIMINAL  LAW. 

Flotd  E.  Thompson,  Rock  Island,  111.,  Chairman. 

W.  O.  Hart.  New  OtleauB,  La.,  Vice'Chairman. 

Edwin  M.  Abbott,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Secretcary  and  Treasurer. 

SECTION  OF  CONFERENCE  OP  BAR  ASSOCIATION 

DELEGATES. 

Charum  A.  Boston,  New  York,  N.  Y.,  Chatrman. 

W.  H.  H.  Piatt,  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  Vice-Ckainnan.  ^ 

Hbrbebt  Habust,  Chicago,  111.,  Secretary, 

Nathan  William  MacChbsnbt,  Chicago,  Bl.,  Treasurer. 

NATIONAL  CONFERENCE  OF  COMMISSIONERS  ON  UNIFORM 

STATE  LAWS. 

Nathan  Wiluam  MacChesnet,  Chicago,  Bl.,  President, 
John  R.  Haboin,  Newark,  N.  J.,  Vice-President. 
GwNiGB  G.  BoGERT,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  Secretary. 
W.  0.  Habt,  New  Orleans,  La.,  Treasurer. 

NATIONAL  ASSOCIATION  OF  ATTORNEYS  GENERAL. 

Clifford  H.  Hii;ion,  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  President. 

E.  T.  England,  West  Virginia,  Vice-President. 

Harbt  S.  Bowman,  Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico,  Secretary-Treasurer. 


GENERAL  COUNCIL 

1922-1923 

state  Name  Residence 

L0UI8UNA  W.  0.  Hart,  Chairman New  Orleans.' 

Alabama E.  H.  Cabanbsb  Birmingham. 

Alaska  Ralph  £.  Robertson  Juneau. 

Arizona    T.  G.  Norris  Prescott. 

Arkansas    Prank  PAcn  Little  Rock. 

Californu  Charles  Gushing  San  Franciflco. 

China  Stirung  Fbssbnden    Shanghai. 

Colorado  T.  J.  O'Donnell J3enver. 

Connecticut  George  E.  Beers New  Haven. 

Delaware  Josiah  Marvel  Wihnington. 

District  of  Columbia.  .  .J.  Morrill  Chamberlain.  .Washington. 

Florida  ; Scxxtt  M.  Loptin  JackaonviUe. 

Gborgu S.  Price  Gilbert Atlanta. 

Hawah  Benjamin  L.  Marx Honolulu. 

Idaho James  F.  Ailshie Coeur  d'Alene. 

Ilunois  Frederick  A.  Brown  Chicago. 

Indiana    Charles  Martindale   Indianapolis. 

Iowa Jesse  A.  Miller  Des  Moines. 

Kansas Chester  I.  Long Wichita. 

Kentucky Wm.  Marshall  Bullitt  .  .Louisville. 

Maine    Arthur  Ritchie    Belfast. 

Martland  John  P.  Briscoe Prince  Frederick 

Massachusetts  John  Lowell   Boston. 

Michigan   Wade  Millis  Detroit. 

Minnesota  John  Junell    Minneapolis. 

Mississippi  John  D.  Sexton  Hazlehurst. 

Missouri  Jambs  H.  Harkless Kansas  City. 

Montana James  A.  Walsh Helena. 

Nebraska R.  A.  Van  Orsdel Omaha. 

Nevada  Frank  A.  Norchoss Reno. 

New  Hampshire Joseph  Madden   Keene. 

New  Jersey Edward  Q.  Keasby Newark. 

New  Mexico  Harry  S.  Bowman  Santa  Fe. 

New  York Charles  S.  Whitman New  York. 

North  Carolina  R.  L.  Smith  Albemarle. 

North  Dakota Lee  Combs  Valley  City. 

Ohio  Frank  M.  Clevenger Wilmington. 

Oklahoma    Frank  Wells   Oklahoma  City. 

Oregon  James  B.  Kerr  Portland. 

Pennsylvania  Robert  P.  Shick  Philadelphia. 

Philippine  Islands   H.  Lawrence  Noble  Manila. 

Porto  Rico  Adolph  G.  Wolf San  Juan. 

Rhode  Island  Thomas  A.  Jbnckbs  Providence. 

South  Carolina  John  P.  Thomas,  Jr Columbia. 

South  Dakota W.  F.  Mason Aberdeen. 

Tennessee   W.  H.  Washinoton Nashville. 

Texas  W.  H.  Burges  El  Paso. 

Utah   C.  R.  Hollingsworth  Oeden. 

Vermont  George  M.  Hogan  St.  Albans. 

ViRGiNU R.  R.  Prentis  Suffolk. 

Washington  Charles  0.  Bates Tacoma. 

West  Virginia J.  W.  Vandervort Parkersburg. 

Wisconsin  W.  F.  Shea  Ashland. 

Wyoming  Wm.  C.  Kinkbad  Cheyenne. 

(148) 


VICE-PRESIDENTS 

AND 

MEMBERS  OF  LOCAL  COUNCILS 

ELECTED  1922 
ALABAMA. 

Vice-President,  J.  K.  DIXON Talladega. 

Local  Council,  LAWRENCE  COOPER   Huntsville. 

GEORGE  A.  NELSON  Decatur. 

H.  U.  SIMS  Birmingham. 

W.  P.  ACKER  Anniston. 

ALASKA. 

Vice-Preffldent,JOHN  R  COBB Juneau. 

Local  Council,  RALPH  E.  ROBERTSON  Juneau. 

HERBERT  L.  FAULKNER Juneau. 

THOMAS  J.  DONOHOE  Cordova. 

ARIZONA. 

Vice-President,  CLEON  T.  KNAPP Bisbee. 

Local  Council,  CLIFTON  MATHEWS    Globe. 

A.  I.  WINSETT  Tucson. 

B.  E.  MARKS Phoenix. 

0.  J.  BAUGHN  Florence. 

ARKANSAS. 

Vice-President,  J.  H.  HAMITER  Little  Rock. 

Local  Council,  8.  H.  MANN Forest  City. 

W.  H.  MARTIN  Hot  Springs. 

J.  M.  STAYTON Newport. 

C.  T.  COLEMAN  Little  Rock, 

CALIFORNIA. 

Vice-President,  BRADNER  W.  LEE  Los  Angeles. 

Local  Council,  FRANK  M.  ANGELLOTTI San  Francisco. 

EUGENE  DANEY  San  Diego. 

J.  P.  CHANDLER   Los  Angeles. 

BEVERLY  L.  HODGHEAD San  Francisco. 

CHINA. 

Vice-President,  CHARLES  S.  LOBINGIER   Shanghai. 

Local  Council,  ARTHUR  B ASSETT  . . , Shanghai. 

RALPH  A.  FROST Hankow. 

ROLAND  S.  HASKELL Shanghai. 

CHAUNCEY  P.  HOLCOMB Shanghai. 

COLORADO. 

Vice-President,  JOHN  A.  EWING Denver. 

Local  Council,  JAMES  H.  ROTHROCK  Colorado  Springs. 

JOHN  H.  FRY  ..Denver. 

RALPH  L.  CARR Antonito. 

WM.  E.  BUTTON  Denvej. 

(149) 


150  AMSBICAK   BAB   ASSOOIATIOK. 


(CONNECTICUT. 

Vice-President,  CHRISTOPHER  L.  AVERY Groton. 

Local  Council,  EDWARD  M.  DAY Hartford. 

HARRISON  HEWITT  New  Haven 

FREDERICK  W.  HOLDEN Ansonia. 

WILLIAM  H.  COMLEY  Bridgeport. 

DELAWARE. 

Vice-President,  JOHN  BIGGS  Wilmington. 

Local  Council,  JOHN  P.  LAFFEY Wilmington. 

R.  H.  RICHARDS  Wilmington. 

S.  D.  TOWNSEND,  JR Wilmington. 

D.  J.  LAYTON  Georgetown. 

DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 

Vice-President,  GEORGE  A.  KING  Washington. 

Local  Council,  CHARLES  F.  CARUSI Washington. 

KATHERINF  R.  PIKE Washington. 

FREDERICK  S.  TYLER Washington. 

CHARLES  HENRY  BUTLER... Washington. 

FLORIDA. 

Vice-President,  GEORGE  COUPER  GIBBS Jacksonville. 

Local  Council,  M.  D.  PRICE  Miami. 

W.  B.  S.  CRICHLOW Bradentown. 

E.  P.  AXTELL Jacksonville. 

J.  P.  STOKES Pensacola. 

GEORGIA. 

Vice-President,  JOHN  A.  SIBLEY Atlanta. 

Local  Council,  FRANCIS  M.  OLIVER  Savannah. 

ALEX.  W.  STEPHENS  Atlanta. 

ARTHUR  G.  POWELL  Atlanta. 

HARRY  S.  STROZIER Macon. 

HAWAII. 
Vice-President, ALEX.  G.  M.  ROBERTSON  ....Honolulu. 
Local  Council,  WILLIAM  O.  SMITH Honolulu. 

CHARLES  F.  CLEMONS Honolulu. 

LYLE  A.  DICKEY Lihue. 

ROBBINS  B.  ANDERSON  Honolulu. 

IDAHO. 

Vice-President,  JAMES  H.  HAWLEY  Boise. 

Local  Council,  JAMES  R.  BOTHWELL  Twin  Falls. 

JOSEPH  H.  PETERSON  Pocatello. 

FREDERICK  S.  RANDALL  ....Lewiston. 

OLIVER  0.  HAGA Boise. 

ILLINOIS. 

Vice-President,  ALBERT  N.  EASTMAN  Chicaga 

Local  Council,  LOGAN  HAY  Springfield. 

HUGO  PAM   Chicago. 

JOHN  R.  MONTGOMERY  Chicago. 

PARKER  H.  HOAG Chicago. 


yiOB-PBB8IDSNT8  AHD  LOCAL  00UN0IL8.  151 


INDIANA, 

Vice-President,  ROBERT  W.  McBRIDE  Indianapolis. 

Local  Council,  DANIEL  W.  SIMMS  Lafayette. 

PAUL  G.  DAVIS Indianapolis. 

HARRY  C.  SHERIDAN Frankf orf. 

ELMER  E.  STEVENSON Indianapolis. 

IOWA. 

Vice-President,  WESLEY  MARTIN  Webster  City. 

Local  Council,  HAZEN  L  SAWYER Keokuk, 

JOHN  F.  DEVITT  Muscatine. 

£.  M.  CARR    Manchester. 

TRUMAN  S.  STEVENS Hamburg. 

KANSAS. 

Vioe-Preadent,  B.  S.  McANANY Kansas  City. 

Local  Council,  HENRY  E.  GANSE   Emporia. 

PARK  PULSIFER  Concordia. 

A.  M.  KEENE  Fort  Scott. 

WILLIAM  OSMOND  Great  Bend. 

KENTUCKTY 

Vice-President,  MATT  S.  WALTON Lexington. 

Local  Council,  GEORGE  R.  HUNT  Lexington. 

PERCY  N.  BOOTH LouisviUe. 

J.  E.  ROBBINS  Mayfield. 

GEORGE  B.  MARTIN Catlettsburg. 

LOUISIANA. 

Vice-President,  T.  JONES  CROSS Baton  Rouge. 

Local  Council,  W.  W.  YOUNG  New  Orleans. 

JESSY  BENEDICT  GESSNER..New  Orleans. 

J.  ZACH  SPEARING New  Orleans. 

WALTER  LEMANN   Donaldsonville. 

MAINE. 

Vice-President,  ISAAC  W.  DYER  Portland. 

Local  Council,  NORMAN  L.  B ASSETT  Augusta. 

WM.  H.  LOONEY Portland. 

HANNIBAL  E.  HAMLIN Ellsworth. 

CYRUS  N.  BLANCHARD Wilton. 

MARYLAND. 

Vice-President,  JAMES  P.  GORTER Baltimore. 

Local  Council,  RANDOLPH  BARTON,  JR Baltimore. 

WILLIAM  H.  LAMAR RockviUe. 

CHARLES  MARKELL   Baltimore. 

HERBERT  T.  TIFFANY  Baltimore. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Vice-President,  SAMUEL  WILLISTON   Cambridge. 

Local  Council,  JOHN  E.  HANNIGAN Boston. 

REGINALD  H.  SMITH Boston. 

JAMES  M.  ROSENTHAL Pittsfield. 

ROBERT  A.  B.  COOK WeUesley. 


152  AKBBIOAN  BAR  AS800IATI0N. 


MICHIGAN. 

Vice-President,  OSCAR  C.  HULL Detroit. 

Local  Council,  HENRY  M.  BATES Ann  Arbor. 

WESLEY  L.  NUTTEN Detroit. 

JUSTIN  R.  WHITING Jackson. 

GEORGE  E.  NICHOLS  Ionia. 

MINNESOTA, 

Vice-Preaident,  BRUCE  W.  SANBORN St.  Paul. 

Local  Council,  HENRY  O.  CHRI8TENSEN  ....  Rochester. 

MORRIS  B.  MITCHELL  Minneapolis. 

WM.  G.  GRAVES St.  Paul. 

HUBERT  H.  D'AUTREMONT..Duluth. 

MISSISSIPPI 

Vice-President,  WM.  D.  ANDERSON  Jackson. 

Local  Council,  J.  M.  STEVENS  Jackson. 

ROBERT  B.  RICKETTS Jackson. 

A.  T.  STOVALL Okolona. 

W.  H.  WATKINS Jackson. 

MISSOURI. 

Vice-President,  L.  NEWTON  WYLDER Kansas  City. 

Local  Council,  CHARLES  M.  BUSH  Kansas  City. 

MURAT  BOYLE   Kansas  City. 

JAMES  R.  CLAIBORNE  St.  Louis. 

O.  L.  CRAVENS Neosha. 

MONTANA. 

Vice-President,  WM.  T.  PIGOTT Helena. 

Local  Council,  MILTON  S.  GUNN Helena. 

WM.  SCALLON    Helena. 

W.  S.  HARTMAN Boseman. 

W.  M.  JOHNSTON  Billings. 

NEBRASKA. 

Vice-President,  FRANCIS  A.  BROGAN   Omaha. 

Local  Council,  HOWARD  KENNEDY   : . .  .Omaha. 

N.  H.  LOOMIS Omaha. 

C.  B.  LETTON Lincohi. 

P.  E.  RANDALL  Omaha. 

NEVADA. 

Vice-President,  P.  A.  McCARRAN  Reno. 

Local  Council,  WM.  WOODBURN   Reno. 

H.  R.  COOKE Reno. 

ROBERT  M.  PRICE. Reno. 

WM.  FORMAN  Tonopah. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Vice-President,  REUBEN  E.  WALKER  Concord. 

Local  Council,  JAMES  W.  REMICK  Concord. 

LOUIS  E.  WYMAN  Manchester. 

HARRY  BINGHAM   Littleton. 

ORVILLE  E.  CAIN  Keene. 


YIGB-PBBSroENTS  AND  LOOAL  OOUNOILS.  158 


NEW  JERSEY 

Vice-President,  JOHN  R.  HARDIN  Newark. 

Local  Council,  GEO.  A.  BOURGEOIS  Atlantic  City. 

RYNIER  J.  WORTENDYKE  . .  .Jersey  City. 

ADRIAN  LYON  Perth  Amboy. 

SAMUEL  H.  RICHARDS  Camden. 

NEW  MEXICO. 

Vice-President,  A.  M.  EDWARDS  Santa  Fe. 

Local  Council,  W.  C.  REID  Albuquerque. 

F.  T.  CHEATAM   Taos. 

,      FRANK  W.  CLANCY   Santa  Fe. 

WM.  G.  HAYDON  East  Las  Vegas. 

NEW  YORK 

Vice-President,  HENRY  W.  TAFT  New  York. 

Local  Council,  GEORGE  H.  BON^v Syracuse. 

WILLIAM  H.  GRIFFIN New  York. 

WILLIAM  L.  RANSOM New  York. 

GEORGE  S.  TARBELL Ithaca. 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Vice-President,  W.  M.  PERSON Louisburg. 

Local  Council,  FRANK   THOMPSON Jacksonville. 

JULIA  M.  ALEXANDER Charlotte. 

R.  R.  KING,  Jr Greensboro. 

MARK  BROWN  AsheviUe. 

NORTH  DAKOTA. 

Vice-President,  TRACY  R.  BANGS Grand  Forks. 

Local  Council,  JOHN  KNAUF Jamestown. 

FRANK  B.  LAMBERT  Minot. 

BENTON  BAKER  Bismarck. 

TORGER  SINNESS Devil's  Lake. 

OHIO. 

Vice-President,  PROVINCE  M.  POGUE Cincinnati. 

Local  Council,  M.  J.  HARTLEY   Xenia. 

ALBERT  D.  ALCORN   Cincinnati. 

RALPH  S.  AMBLER Canton, 

W.  R.  POMERENE  Columbus. 

OKLAHOMA. 

Vice-President,  C.  B,  AMES Oklahoma  City. 

Local  Council,  HORACE  HAGAN  Tulsa. 

E.  D.  SLOUGH Ardmore. 

VICTOR  H.  KULP  Norman. 

H.  R.  DUNCAN Pawhuska. 

OREGON. 

Vice-President,  ROBERT  TUCKER    Portland. 

Local  Council,  OSCAR  HAYTER    Dallas. 

RICHARD  W.  MONTAGUE  ....Portland. 

JOHN  H.  McNARY Salem. 

CHARLES  A.  HARDY Eugene. 


154  AKBBICAN   BAB  ASSOOIATION. 


PENNSYLVANIA, 

Vice-Preadent,  WM.  M.  HARGEST Harrisburg. 

Local  Council,  HENRY  S.  BORNEMAN  PWladelphia. 

A.  M.  HOLDING Wert  Chester. 

VERNON  HAZZARD  Monongahela. 

F.  G.  MOORHEAD  Beaver. 

PHILIPPINE  ISLANDS. 

Vict-Preddent,  AMASA  O.  CROSSFIELD  Manila. 

Local  Council,  EUGENE  A.  GILMORE  Manila. 

JAMES  ROSS  Manila. 

S.  C.  SCHWARZKOPF Manila. 

FRANCIS  A.  DELGADO Manila. 

PORTO  RICO. 
Vice-President,  MANUEL   RODIGUEZ-SERRA.  .San  Juan. 
Local  Council,  JOSE  HERNANDEZ  USERA....San  Juan. 

FELIX  CORDOVA  DAVILA  ....San  Juan. 

LUIS  MUNOZ  MORALES San  Juan. 

JACINTO   TEXIDOR    San  Juan. 

RHODE  ISLAND. 
Vice-President, WILLIAM  B.  GREENOUGH  ....Providence. 
Local  Council,  CLIFFORD  WHIPPLE   Providence. 

ELMER  S.  CHASE Providence. 

FRANCIS  B.  KEENEY Providence. 

ELISHA  C.  MO  WRY Providence. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Vice-President,  SIMEON  HYDE   Charleston. 

Local  Council,  ALFRED  HUGER  Charleston. 

HUNTER  A.  GIBBES Columbia. 

HERBERT  E.  GYLES  Aiken. 

CORNELIUS  OTTS  Spartanburg. 

SOUTH  DAKOTA. 

Vice-President,  E.  O.  PATTERSON  Dallas. 

Local  Council,  WM.  G.  RICE  Deadwood. 

W.  T.  BRUELL  Redfield. 

TORE  TEIGEN   Sioux  Falls. 

A.  K.  GARDNER  Huron. 

TENNESSEE. 

Vice-President,  WALTER  P.  ARMSTRONG Memphis. 

Local  Council,  LOVICK  P.  MILES Memphis. 

W.  L.  OWEN  Covington. 

JOHN  H.  DeWTTT Nashville. 

J.  HARRY  PRICE KnoxviUe. 

TEXAS 

Vice-President,  W.  A.  WRIGHT San  Angclo. 

Local  Council,  WM.  N.  BONNER Wichita  Falls. 

HARRY  P.  LAWTHER Dallas. 

J.  M.  BURFORD Mt.  Pleasant. 

THOMAS  H.  FRANKLIN  San  Antonio. 


VI0S-PBB8IDBNTS  AND  LOCAL  COUNCILS.  155 


UTAH. 

Vice-Preadent,  W.  I.  SNYDER  Salt  Lake  City. 

Local  Coimca,  JOEL  NIBLEY Salt  Lake  City. 

E.  O.  LEE  Salt  Lake  City. 

DAVID  JENSEN   OgdeiL 

JAMES  N.  KIMBALL Ogden. 

VERMONT. 

Vice-Ptesident,  GEO.  M.  POWERS Morriaville. 

Local  Council,  ROBERT  E.  HEALY  Bexmington. 

FRANK  D.  THOMPSON Barton. 

HERBERT  G.  BARBER  Brattleboro. 

CHARLES  I.  BUTTON Middlebur>-. 

VIRGINI/L 

Vice-Preaident,  R.  E.  PEYTON,  Je Richmond. 

Local  Council,  EUGENE  C.  MASSIE  Richmond. 

JAMES  R.CATON Alexandria. 

E.  R.  WILLIAMS  Richmond. 

C.  M.  CHICHESTER  Richmond. 

WASHINGTON. 

Vice-President,  GEO.  H.  RUMMENS Seattle. 

Local  Council,  THEODORE  B.  BRUNER Aberdeen. 

FRANK  T.  POST Spokane. 

CHARLES  E.  SHEPARD  Seattle. 

LEE  C.  DELLE  Yakima. 

WEST  VIRGINA. 

Vice-President,  HARVEY  F.  SMITH   Clarksburg. 

Local  Council,  JOSEPH  WARREN  MADDEN.. Morgantown. 

CHARLES  LYNCH Clarkiurg. 

JOHN  J.  D.  PRESTON Charleston. 

E.  T.ENGLAND Charleston. 

WISCONSIN. 

Vice-President,  WILLIAM  D.  THOMPSON Racine, 

Local  Council,  ARTHUR  A.  McLEOD Madison. 

LOUIS  A.  LECHER Milwaukee. 

JOHN  E.  McCONNELL  La  Crosse. 

MAX  SCHOETZ,  Jb Milwaukee. 

WYOMING. 

Vice-President,  RALPH  KIMBALL   Cheyenne. 

Local  Council,  GEO.  E.  BRIMMER Rawlins. 

JESSE  E.  JACOBSON Wheathmd. 

MORRIS  E.  CORTHELL Laramie. 

WM.  E.  MULLEN  Cheyenne. 


STANDING  COMMITTEES  * 

1922-1923. 

Ck)MMERCE,  Trade  and  Commercial  Law. 

WM.  H.  H.  PIATT,  Kansas  City,  Miasoiiri. 
JULIUS  HENRY  COHEN,  New  York,  New  York. 
PROVINCE  M.  POGUE,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
WILLIAM  DENMAN,  San  Francisco,  CaUfora^i. 
RANDOLPH  BARTON,  JR.,  Baltimore,  Maryland. 

International  Law« 

JAMES  BROWN  SCOTT,  Washington,  District  of  Ccrfumbia. 
THOMAS  BURKE,  Seattle,  Washington. 
GEORGE  W.  WICKERSHAM,  New  York,  New  York. 
ROBERT  LANSING,  Washington,  District  of  Columbia. 
MANLEY  0.  HUDSON,  Cambridge,  Massachusetts. 

Insurance  Law. 

JAMES  C.  JONES,  St.  Louis,  Missouri. 
JAMES  B.  KERR,  Portland,  Oregon. 
SCOTT  M.  LOFTIN,  Jacksonville,  Florida. 
JAMES  H.  McJNTOSH,  New  York,  New  York. 
THOMAS  B.  GAY,  Richmond,  Virginia. 

Jurisprxtdench  and  Law  Reform. 

EVERETT  P.  WHEELER,  New  York,  New  York. 
HENRY  W.  TAFT,  New  York,  New  York. 
THOMAS  J.  O'DONNELL,  Denver,  Colorado. 
JOHN  R.  HARDIN,  Newark,  New  Jersey. 
TORE  TEIGEN,  Sioux  Falls,  South  Dakota. 
WILLIAM  HUNTER,  Tampa,  Florida. 
MERRILL  MOORES,  Indianapolis,  Indiana. 
FRANK  H.  NORCROSS,  Reno,  Nevada. 
GEORGE  E.  BEERS,  New  Haven,  Connecticut. 
PAUL  HOWLAND,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
WM.  MARSHALL  BULLITT,  Louisville,  Kentucky. 
JAMES  M.  BECK,  Washington,  District  of  Columbia. 
MITCHELL  D.  FOLLANSBEE,  Chicago,  Illinois. 
WILLIAM  L.  MARBURY,  Baltimore,  Maryland. 
ROGER  SHERMAN,  Chicago,  lUinois. 

Legal  Aid. 

REGINALD  HEBER  SMITH,  Boston,  Massachusetts. 
FORREST  C.  DONNELL,  St.  Louis,  Missouri. 
MARY  F.  LATHROP,  Denver,  Colorado. 
ROBERT  P.  SHICK,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania. 
ALLEN  WARDWELL,  New  York,  New  York. 

*  In  the  list  of  committees,  the  first  named  member  is  Chairman  unless 
otherwise  stated. 

(166) 


STANDING  00MHITTB8.  15? 


PBorsssiONAL  Ethics  and  Gribvakcbs. 

THOMAS  FRANCIS  HOWE,  Chicago,  lUinois. 

CHARLES  THADDEUS  TERRY,  New  York,  New  York. 

MORRIS  A.  SOPER,  Baltimore,  Maryland. 

HENRY  U.  SIMS.  Birmingham.  Alabama. 

HENRY  S.  DRINKER,  JR.,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania. 

ABMIRAI/rT  AKD  MARITIME  LaW. 

CHARLES  C.  BURLINGHAM,  New  York,  New  York. 
FITZ-HENRY  SMITH,  JR.,  Boston,  Massachusetts. 
HARVEY  D.  GOULDER,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
EDWARD  J.  McCUTCHEN,  San  Francisco,  California. 
JOSEPH  W.  HENDERSON,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania. 

PuBucmr. 

FREDERICK  A.  BROWN,  Chicago,  Illinois. 
CHARLES  S.  CUSHING.  San  Francisco,  California. 
HENRY  P.  DART,  JR.,  New  Orleans,  Louisiana. 
HAZEN  I.  SAWYER,  Keokuk,  Iowa. 
WILLIAM  A.  HAYES,  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin. 

Publications. 

WILLIAM  LEE  RAWLS,  Baltimore,  Maryland. 
ROBERT  PENINGTON,  Wilmington,  Delaware. 
WILLIAM  M.  HARGEST,  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania. 
ROBERT  E.  PEYTON,  JR.,  Richmond,  Vu^inia. 
PRESTON  C.  WEST,  Tulsa,  Oklahoma. 


NoTEwoBTHT  Changes  in  Statute  Law. 

JOSEPH  P.  CHAMBERLAIN,  New  York,  New  York. 
CHARLES  M.  HEPBURN,  Bloomington,  Indiana. 
SHIPPEN  LEWIS,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania. 
WELLINGTON  D.  RANKIN,  Helena,  Montana. 
BRUCE  W.  SANBORN,  St.  Paul,  Minnesota. 


Memorials. 

W.  THOMAS  KEMP,  Baltimore,  Maryland. 
BRADNER  W.  LEE,  Los  Angeles,  California. 
ROBERT  W.  STAYTON,  Corpus  Christi,  Texas. 
FLORENCE  KING,  Chicago,  IlUnois. 
HOLLINS  N.  RANDOLPH,  Atlanta,  Georgia. 


Membership. 

SIMEON  E.  BALDWIN,  New  Haven,  Connecticut. 
MOORFIELD  STOREY,  Boston,  Massachusetts. 
FRANCIS  RAWLE,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania. 
HENRY  ST.  GEORGE  TUCKER,  Lexington,  Virginia. 
GEORGE  R.  PECK,  Chicago,  Illinois. 
ALTON  B.  PARKER,  New  York,  New  York. 


158  AHBBIOAN  BAB  ASSOOIATION. 

JACOB  M.  DICKINSON,  Chicago,  nimois. 

FREDERICK  W.  LEHMANN,  St  Louis,  MiflBOuri. 

FRANK  B.  KELLOGG,  St.  P^ul,  Minnesota. 

PETER  W.  MELDRIM,  Savannah,  Geoi^ia. 

ELIHU  ROOT,  New  York,  New  York. 

WALTER  GEORGE  SMITH,  Philadelphia,  Penn^lvania. 

GEORGE  T.  PAGE,  Chicago.  Illinois. 

HAMPTON  L.  CARSON,  Philadelphia,  Pennaylvania. 

CORDENIO  A.  SEVERANCE,  St.  Paul,  Minnesota. 

DWTBICl  DiBICrOBS. 

1st  District— GEORGE  B.  YOUNG,  Montpelier,  Yerniont. 
2nd  District-FREDERICK  £.  WADHAMS, Albany,  N.  Y.(Cbainnan). 

3rd  District^WILLIAM  W.  GORDON,  Savannah,  Geoigia. 

4th  District^FRANK  M.  GLEVENGER,  Wilmington,  Ohio. 

5th  District— LOGAN  HAY,  Springfield,  Illinois. 

6th  Districlr—EUGENE  McQUILLIN,  St.  Louis,  Missouri. 

7th  Distridr-HAROLD  M.  STEPHENS,  Salt  Lake  Qty,  Utah. 

8th  District— HERBERT  L.  FAULKNER,  Juneau,  Alaska. 

9th  Districtr—WALTER  F.  FREAR,  Honolulu,  Hawaii. 
10th  District-GEORGE  A.  MALCOLM,  Manila,  PhiUppme  Islands. 
11th  District— CHARLES  HARTZELL,  San  Juan,  Porto  Rico. 

Nora. — ^Under  new   memberihip  plans,   the  foUowing  districts  have  been 
established : 

I.  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Vermont,   Massachusetts,   Rhode  Island,  Con- 
necticut ; 
II.  New  York,   PennsylYanIa,   New  Jersey,   Delaware,   MSaryland,   Dlttrlot 
of  Columbia ; 

III.  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  Florida,  Alabama, 

Mississippi.  Tennessee ; 

IV.  Michigan,  Onio,  Indiana,  West  Virginia,  Kentucky; 

V.  Illinois,    Wisconsin,   Minnesota,   Iowa,    North   Dakota,    South   Dakota, 

Nebraska  * 
VI.  Missouri,  Arkansas,  Louisiana,  Texas,  New  Mexico,  Oklahoma,  Kansas; 
VII.  Colorado,  Wyoming,  Montana,  Idaho,  Washington,  Oregon,  California, 

Nevada,  Utah,  Ariiona ; 
VIII.  Territory  of  Alaska ; 
IX.  Hawaii  Territory; 
X.  Philippine  Islands; 
XI.  Porto  Rico. 


SPECIAL  COMMITTEES* 

1922-1923. 

Uniform  Judicial  Procedubb. 

THOMAS  W.  SHELTON,  Norfolk,  Virginia. 
JACOB  M.  DICKINSON,  Chicago,  Illinoia. 
FREDERICK  W.  LEHMANN,  St.  Louis,  Missouri. 
ROSCOE  POUND,  Cambridge,  Massachusetts. 
FRANK  IRVINE,  Ithaca,  New  York. 

FiNANGB. 

FREDERICK  E.  WADHAMS,  Albany,  New  York. 
JAMES  R.  CATON,  Alexandria,  Virginia. 
CHARLES  MARTINDALE,  Indianapolis,  Indiana. 

Rbprbsbntatives  of  American  Bar  Assocution  to  Conferbncb  of 

Delegates. 

JOHN  H.  VOORHEES,  Sioux  Falls,  South  Dakota. 
CHARLES  A.  BOSTON,  New  York,  New  York. 
GURNEY  E.  NEWLIN,  Los  Angeles,  CaUfomia. 
THOMAS  L.  MARSHALL,  Chicago,  IlUnois. 
JOSIAH  MARVEL,  Wilmington,  Delaware. 

Change  of  Date  of  Presidential  Inauguration. 

WILLIAM  L.  PUTNAM,  Boston,  Massachusetts. 
WILLIAM  C.  KINKEAD,  Cheyenne,  Wyoming. 
LEVI  COOKE,  Washington,  District  of  Cohimbia. 
RALPH  S.  AMBLER,  Canton,  Ohio. 
AUBREY  L.  BROOKS,~Gre*ensboro,  North  Carolina. 

Classification  and  Restatement  of  the  Law. 

THOMAS  I.  PARKINSON,  New  York,  New  York. 
ROSCOE  POUND,  Cambridge.  Massachusetts. 
GEORGE  B.  ROSE,  Little  Rock,  Arkansas. 
EDWIN  M.  BORCHARD,  New  Haven,  Connecticut. 
HENRY  M.  BATES,  Ann  Arbor,  Michigan. 
GEORGE  W.  PEPPER,  Philadelphia,  Penni^Ivania. 
MIDDLETON  BEAMAN,  Washington,  District  of  Columbia. 
STILES  W.  BURR,  St.  Paul,  Minnesota. 
EDMUND  F.  TRABUE,  Louisville,  Kentucky. 

Law  of  Aeronautics. 

WILLIAM  P.  MACCRACKEN,  JR.,  Chicago,  lUinois. 
GEORGE  G.  BOGERT,  Ithaca,  New  York. 
W.  JEFFERSON  DAVIS,  San  Diego,  CaUfomia. 
PHILIP  A.  CARROLL,  New  York,  New  York. 
DANIEL  W.  IDDINGS,  Dayton,  Ohio. 


*  In  the  list  of  committees,  the  first  named  member  is  Chairman  unless 
otherwise  stated. 

6  (150) 


160  AMEBIOAN  BAR  ASSOOIATION. 


Removal  of  Government  Liens  ok  Real  Estate. 

JOHN  T.  RICHARDS,  Chicago,  Illinois. 

JOHN  A.  CHAMBLISS,  Chattanooga,  Tennessee. 

GEORGE  R.  HUNT,  Lexington,  Kentucky. 

Markino  Grave  or  Former  Chief  Justice  Salmon  P.  Chase. 

SELDEN  P.  SPENCER,  St.  Louis,  Missouri. 
ANDREW  SQUIRE,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
GUY  W.  MALLON,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Federal  Taxation. 

CHARLES  HENRY  BUTLER,  Wiscasset,  Maine. 
MURRAY  M.  SHOEMAKER,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
GEORGE  M.  MORRIS,  Washington,  District  of  Columbia. 
MORRIS  L.  JOHNSTON,  Chicago,"  Illinois. 
LOUIS  A.  LECHER,  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin. 

Law  Enforcement. 

CHARLES  S.  WHITMAN,  New  York,  New  York. 
MARCUS  A.  KAVANAGH,  Chicago,  Illinois. 
CHARLES  W.  FARNHAM,  St.  Paul,  Minnesota. 
WADE  H.  ELLIS,^ashington,  District  of  Columbia. 
ANNETTE  A.  ADAMS,  San  Francisco,  California. 

AmKBICAK  CmZKNSHIP. 

R.  E.  L.  SANER,  Dallas,  Texas. 

WALTER  GEORGE  SMITH,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania. 

ANDREW  A.  BRUCE,  Chicago,  Illinois. 

WALLACE  McCAMANT,  Portland,  Oregon. 

JOHN  LORD  O'BRUN,  Buffalo,  New  York. 

Judicial  Ethics. 

WILLIAM  HOWARD  TAFT,  Washington,  District  of  Columbia. 

LESLIE  C.  CORNISH,  Augusta,  Maine. 

ROBERT  von  MOSCHZlSKER,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania. 

CHARLES  A.  BOSTON,  New  York,  New  York. 

GARRET  W.  McENERNEY,  San  Francisco,  California. 


APPENDIX 


ADDRESS  OF  THE  PRESIDENT 

Bt 

•       CORDENIO  A.  SEVERANCE, 

OP   MINirsSOTA. 

THE  CONSTITUTION  AND  INDIVIDUALISM. 

The  American  Bar  Association  is  meeting  today  in  the  city 
of  the  Argonauts.  For  the  second  time  in  its  history  it  has  come 
nearly  half  way  across  the  United  States.  Although  still  much 
further  from  Manila  or  the  extremity  of  the  Aleutian  Islands 
than  from  Maine^  it  has  made  a  fair  start.  Its  meeting  place  is 
in  a  city  that  both  historically  and  in  the  present  typifies  the 
American  spirit  that  has  made  our  nation  so  great.  This  city, 
from  the  time  of  the  American  occupation,  while  engagingly  cos- 
mopolitan, has  always  been  dominated  by  the  strong,  virile  people 
of  our  race.  By  reason  of  its  beauty  and  charm,  its  glorious  moun- 
tains and  lovely  valleys,  we  are  too  apt  to  think  of  California 
only  as  a  land  of  romance  and  ease  and  dolce  fao'  mente.  The 
Creator  did  much  for  this  charmed  region,  but  the  pioneer  Ameri- 
can men  and  women  who  painfully  toiled  across  the  burning 
deserts  and  over  the  snow-capped  mountains,  or  across  the  mias- 
mic  Isthmus,  laid  the  foundations,  and  their  descendants  have 
reared  the  superstructure  which  makes  California  today  not  only 
a  beauty  spot,  but  a  great  commonwealth.  The  moimtains  and 
the  valleys  were  always  here.  They  were  not  newly  discovered 
in  1849.  The  people  or  the  descendants  of  the  people  of  a  great 
European  nation,  at  one  time  the  mistress  of  nearly  all  the 
Americans,  arrived  long  before.  But  it  was  only  when  American 
civilization  and  the  free  constitution  and  laws  of  our  country  came 
to  bless  this  land  that  the  real  California  as  we  know  it  today, 
had  its  birth.  From  that  time  this  great  state  has  unfolded  until 
today  not  only  in  its  beauty,  but  in  its  strength  and  many  re- 
sources it  is  the  admiration  of  the  world.  The  pioneers  brought 
with  them  all  those  sturdy  qualities  of  mind  and  body  and  those 
traditions  of  free  government  which  have  been  so  conspicuous 

(163) 


164  ADDRESS  OF  THE  PRESIDENT. 

from  the  time  little  scattered  bands  settled  along  the  shores  of 
the  Atlantic  and  began  pushing  themselves  westward,  step  by 
step,  turning  the  wilderness  into  a  garden.  They  brought  with 
them  that  which  enables  them  in  common  with  all  their  fellow- 
Americans,  to  live  in  peace  and  enjoy  that  which  with  their  heads 
and  hands  they  earn,  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  with 
the  personal  and  religious  liberty  it  guaranteest  They  were 
people  with  an  inherited  reverence  and  respect  for  law.  But  for 
this  and  the  orderly  government  so  insured,  the  desert  would  have 
remained  as  it  was  from  the  beginning  of  time,  and  the  waters 
which  now  enrich  it  so  that  it  can  support  an  empire,  would 
have  continued  to  flow  unvexed  to  the  sea.  In  these  times  of 
doubt  and  speculation  when  some  good  men  and  many  bad  men 
are  giving  utterance  to  distrust  and  dissatisfaction  with  what  we 
are  glad  to  denominate  American  institutions,«,where  better  can 
we  come  to  renew  our  faith  in  the  works  our  fathers  wrought? 
When  men  and  women  assemble  as  we  do  today,  to  consider  the 
problems  that  confront  us,  and  to  consult  together  for  their  solu- 
tion, when  we  accept  the  constant  challenge  to  weigh  in  the 
balance  the  value  of  the  government  tmder  which  we  live,  it  is 
the  part  of  wisdom  to  turn  our  eyes  backward  to  see  whether  the 
system  we  have  has  served  us  well  or  ill.  Has  it  given  us  in  a 
large  measure  happiness  and  contentment,  or  the  reverse?  Has 
the  influence  of  our  institutions  been  felt  upon  the  world  at  large  ? 
Have  our  theories  of  government  coidmended  themselves  to 
thoughtful  men  of  other  lands?  Has  our  example  been  followed 
or  rejected?  The  answer  to  these  questions  may  at  least  give 
pause  to  those  who  spend  their  strength  in  denunciation  and 
whose  eyes  are  always  fixed  upon  the  few  imperfect  stones  un- 
conscious of  the  sublime  beauty  of  the  great  edifice  as  a  whole. 
Many  questions  of  vital  moment  were  considered  and  determined 
by  that  remarkable  body  of  men  who  sat  in  Philadelphia  through 
the  summer  of  1787.  They  were  wise  men,  so  wise  that  Thomas 
Jefferson,  who  was  in  Paris  at  the  time  as  the  Minister  of  the 
Colonies  with  an  exaggeration  easily  pardonable,  called  it  an 
assemblage  of  demi-gods.  They  were  students  of  history  and 
learned  in  the  science  of  government  as  it  had  developed  up  to 
that  time.  They  were  zealous  for  the  protection  of  the  freedom 
that  had  been  won  through  a  long  and  destructive  war,  but  at  thl§ 


^  OOBDBKIO  A.   8E7ERAN0B.  165 

same  time  appreciative  of  the  necessity  of  erecting  a  gpvemment 
with  the  strength  to  maintain  itself  against  foes  either  external 
or  internal.  To  recall  only  a  few  of  their  conclusions.  They 
determined  against  a  monarchy  or  an  execntiye  chosen  for  life. 
They  provided  for  a  bi-cameral  legislatare.  Washington,  when 
asked  why  the  Congress  was  made  to  consist  of  two  bodies  rather 
than  one,  having  in  mind  the  sadden  waves  of  passion  that  might 
sweep  over  an  assembly,  responded  with  a  homely  illustration. 
He  said  it  was  for  the  same  reason  that  one  poured  his  tea  into 
the  saucer — ^to  permit  it  to  cool  off.  Bemembering  the  failures  of 
pure  democracies,  the  Convention  established  a  republican,  repre- 
sentative form  of  government,  with  frequent  elections  to  the  lower 
House  and  terms  of  service  in  the  Senate  that  are  not  too  long  to ' 
keep  that  body  reasonably  responsible  to  well-considered,  popular 
will.  The  members  of  the  House  of  Representatives  were  dis- 
tributed according  to  population.  The  control  of  the  purse  was 
left  with  that  House,  as  it  has  the  sole  right  to  inaugurate  revenue 
legislation.  There  was  withheld  from  the  executive  the  power 
to  plunge  the  country  into  all  the  horrors  and  miseries  of  war. 
They  provided  that  he  could  bind  the  nation  by  no  treaty  unless 
it  was  assented  to  by  two-thirds  vote  of  the  Senate.  While  a 
veto  was  given  the  President  it  was  not  absolute  but  was  sub- 
ject to  be  overruled  by  a  two-thirds  vote  in  each  House  of  the 
Congress.  In  many  other  respects  they  limited  the  powers  of 
public  servants.  Further  enumeration  of  these  checks  is  xm- 
necessary,  except  that  above  all  they  established  what  Webster 
in  his  great  reply  to  Hayne  denominated  as  the  keystone  of  the 
arch,  a  Supreme  Court  in  which  was  vested  the  last  and  ultimate 
decision  of  all  questions  arising  under  the  Constitution  and  the 
laws  enacted  pursuant  thereto.  We  are  so  accustomed  to  these 
things  that  we  often  fail  to  reflect  that  many  of  them  were  novel 
in  the  world  at  that  time.  Even  England,  the  freest  of  all 
nations,  had  a  parliament  which  in  its  lower  house  was  in  no 
sense  representative,  as  a  member  from  Old  Samm,  with  only 
two  or  three  electors,  had  an  equal  voice  with  a  knight  of  the 
most  populous  shire  in  the  kingdom ;  and  in  the  election  of  this 
house  only  a  fragment  of  the  adult  population  had  a  share,  large 
sections  of  the  free  men  of  England  having  no  vote.  The  powers 
of  the  Commons  were  crippled  by  the  absolute  veto  of  an  heredi^ 


166  ADDRESS  OF  THE  PBE8IDENT. 

tary  house..  Today,  after  a  series  of  reform  acts^  her  parliament 
is  representative  and  the  House  of  Lords,  while  it  still  exists,  is 
so  emasculated  that  it  cannot  prevent,  except  temporarily,  the 
enactment  of  laws  passed  by  the  Commons.  Treaties  are  now 
submitted  to  Parliament  for  approval.  Since  that  date  there 
have  grown  up  the  great  self-governing  Dominions,  our  intimate 
friend  and  neighbor,  Canada,  on  the  north ;  Australia,  New  2^a- 
land,  South  Africa,  each  governed  by  its  own  laws  enacted  by  its 
own  parliament,  aad  in  no  sense  tied  to  Qreat  Britain  except 
by  the  bonds  of  affection  and  self-interest.  And  finally  Ireland, 
whose  sons  have  taken  so  important  a  part  in  governing  other 
countries,  including  our  own,  has  the  immediate  prospect  of  be- 
coming like  the  other  free  nations  in  the  British  Empire,  a  self- 
governing  people.  In  17Si  France  was  still  an  absolute  mon- 
archy, although  it  is  interesting  to  recall  that  its  courts  had  with 
indifferent  success  attempted  at  times  to  interpose  against 
tyranny.  Its  people  were  so  oppressed  that  in  its  revolution — 
largely  caused,  or  at  least  hastened,  by  the  spirit  of  liberty,  re- 
flected back  from  the  new  world — the  pendulum  swung  so  far  in 
the  opposite  direction  as  to  produce  chaos.  This  was  followed 
by  the  inevitable  reaction  into  a  dictatorship,  succeeded  by  two 
monarchies,  a  short-lived  republic,  a  second  Empire,  and  finally 
the  enduring  republic,  the  glorious  deeds  of  whose  liberty-loving 
people  during  the  last  decade  have  excited  the  admiration  of  the 
world.  Germany  consisted  of  a  large  number  of  petty  states, 
with  an  enslaved  population  under  absolute  masters,  who  hired 
out  their  subjects  as  during  our  Bevolution,  to  fight  battles  in 
which  they  had  no  concern.  After  the  attempted  revolutions  of 
1848,  which  were  quickly  suppressed,  Germans  of  liberal  belief 
swarmed  to  America  to  enjoy  our  free  government.  Then  for  a 
score  of  years  the  German  states  devoted  themselves  under  the 
leadership  of  these  various  sovereigns,  to  killing  each  other  off, 
with  the  resultant  creation  of  a  dominant  power  in  one  state,  and 
the  establishment  of  an  empire  with  a  parliament  of  shadowy 
authority.  Finally  131  years  after  our  Constitutional  Conven- 
tion, the  Elaiser,  as  an  eminent  American  expressed  it,  dropped 
his  crown  and  ran,  and  the  occupants  of  the  petty  thrones  blew 
away,  like  the  cards  in  Alice  in  Wonderland,  and  a  republic  was 
established.    Its  permanency  is  still  to  be  proved.    But  all  be- 


OOBDBNIO  A.  BEVERA.NOE.  167 

Uevers  in  popular  government  throughout  the  world  hope  that 
it  may,  in  spite  of  all  attempts  at  reaction,  maintain  itself  among 
the  free  nations  of  the  world. 

At  the  end  of  the  eighteenth  century,  and  long  after,  Italy 
was  truly  termed  a  geographical  expression,  but  now  that  beaU" 
tifnl  land,  with  its  marvelous  history,  while  nominally  a  mon- 
archy, is  in  fact  a  self-governing  nation,  and  its  blue  skies  are 
over  a  united  people  freed  from  the  domination  of  the  stranger. 
Poland,  then  partitioned  and  destroyed,  is  now  a  republic,  as  is 
Bohemia,  that  land  of  poetry  and  music,  whose  republican  con- 
stitution was  largely  drawn  in  the  old  city  of  Philadelphia  within 
sight  of  Independence  Hall.  The  Turk  had  his  bloody  hand  upon 
all  the  lands  from  Constantinople  to  Belgrade  and  the  Adriatic. 
The  Balkan  states  are  now  free,  governed  by  their  own  parlia- 
ments, and  the  Southern  Slavs,  who  were  so  long  under  the 
domination  of  the  Hapsburgs,  are  at  last  reunited  with  their 
blood  brothers,  the  Serbs,  under  a  constitution  containing  a  Bill 
of  Bights  similar  to  our  own.  Austria  and  Hungary  have  like- 
wise discarded  the  Hapsburgs.  Thus  Switzerland,  that  home  of 
free  men  for  centuries,  no  longer  remains  an  oasis  in  a  desert  of 
despotism.  Portugal  is  a  republic,  and  Spain  is  governed  by 
its  parliament.  The  Scandinavian  countries  are  genuinely  demo- 
cratic in  fact,  and  only  Russia,  of  all  the  autocracies  that  cursed 
the  continent  at  the  end  of  the  eighteenth  century,  is  still  denied 
the  benefit  of  a  government  resting  upon  the  consent  of  the 
governed.  Since  1787  all  of  the  states  of  Central  and  South 
America  have  attained  their  independence,  and  have  modeled 
their  constitutions  largely  after  that  of  the  United  States,  and  a 
number  of  them  have  made  great  economic  and  social  progress. 
Even  in  the  far  East,  Japan  now  has  its  parliament  functioning 
with  ever  increasing  powers,  and  the  great  Empire  of  China,  in 
which  lives  nearly  a  quarter  of  the  human  race,  has  cast  out  its 
foreign  monarchs,  and  chiefly  under  the  leadership  of  young  men 
educated  in  American  universities,  is  painfully,  through  disorder 
and  almost  chaos,  struggling  toward  the  status  of  a  8elf-goverq|pg 
republic.  It  is  a  noteworthy  fact  that  its  most  influential  citizen 
has  within  the  past  few  weeks  advocated  a  federal  republic 
modeled  after  our  own,  its  ancient  provinces  to  have  the  same 
status  as  American  states.    When  we  thus  contemplate  the  grad- 


168  ADDBBSS  OF  THE  PRE8IDSNT. 

ual  adoption  by  people  of  diverse  races  and  historic  background 
of  most  of  the  fundamental  principles^  and  in  many  cases  the 
actual  forms^  embodied  in  the  American  Constitution^  it  would 
seem  that  the  j)icture  might  cause  thpse  who  are  seeking  its 
overthrow  or  substantial  modification^  to  hesitate  and  consider 
whether  such  a  remarkable  concensus  of  human  opinion  should 
be  disregarded.  It  is  not  indelicate  for  an  American  to  recall 
that  the  marvelous  progress  of  our  country,  attained  through 
individual  freedom  and  not  based  upon  its  suppression,  has  excited 
the  admiration,  and  in  some  instances,  the  envy  of  the  people  of 
other  lands.  But,  say  the  critics,  it  is  mere  assumption  to  at- 
tribute the  tremendous  development  of  the  United  States  to  its 
constitution  and  laws.  America,  they  say,  possesses  an  equable 
climate,  a  profusion  of  minerals,  vast  forests,  and  fertile  lands. 
These  blessings,  or  some  of  them,  were  denied  to  portions  of  the 
older  world.  But  is  the  suggestion  of  these  critics  an  answer? 
There  are  other  virgin  lands  with  equal  or  greater  natural  riches, 
endowed  in  all  respects  as  abundantly  as  ours.  But  where  can 
one  point  to  an  expansion  and  achievement  in  all  lines,  both 
individual  and  collective,  accompanied  by  freedom  of  action  and 
the  resultant  human  happiness  and  contentment  comparable  to 
that  of  America  ?  The  nearest  approach  is  in  the  great  dominions 
of  that  mother  land  of  the  English-speaking  race  whose  children 
have  carried  civilization  and  order  into  every  comer  of  the  earth 
where  they  have  planted  their  flag.  But  it  must  be  remembered 
that  in  the  main  the  theories  of  free  government  of  America  and 
the  nations  of  the  British  Empire  had  a  common  origin.  The 
germ  of  our  legislative  system  was  the  old  witenagemot.  The 
guarantees  wrung  from  a  tyrannical  monarch  at  Bunnymede, 
the  principles  for  which  Hampden  stood,  the  declarations  in  the 
Bill  of  Rights  in  1689,  were  and  are  our  common  heritage.  Free 
government  had  in  a  large  measure  been  enjoyed  under  the 
colonial  charters.  It  was  because  of  the  denial  to  the  people  of 
the  Colonies  of  these  fundamentals  of  free  government  by  an 
ar]|^trary  king  and  a  parliament  partly  corrupt  and  largely  sub- 
servient, that  Americans  broke  their  bonds  with  the  mother 
country.  Had  England  then  heeded  the  words  of  Chatham, 
Burke  and  Pox,  the  history  of  the  world  in  the  last  century  and 
a  half  would  have  been  far  different.    It  is  a  matter  for  supreme 


OOBDBinO  A.   SBYEEAKOB.  160 

gratification  that  in  these  latter  years^  when  the  government  of 
Great  Britain  has  been  entrusted  to  the  political  heirs  of  the  school 
of  Fox,  that  the  attitude  of  the  Colonies  has  been  approved  by  the 
people  of  that  great  Empire.  The  attempt  made  in  the  eighteenth 
century  to  subject  free  citizens  on  this  continent  to  a  political 
control  in  which  they  had  no  voice,  has  met  with  their  condem- 
nation. Sentiment  alike  in  the  free  nations  of  the  British  Em- 
pire and  in  the  XTnited  States  is  now  for  orderly  liberty  under 
laws  made  by  the  people  in  the  exercise  of  powers  only  restricted 
by  the  people  themselves.  It  naturally  follows  that  any  differences 
that  may  arise  from  time  to  time  between  those  nations  and  ours 
will  be  settled  as  they  have  been  in  the  past  half  century,  either 
by  negotiations  or  by  trial  in  a  legal  tribunal,  in  which  impartial 
justice  will  be  rendered.  The  adjustment  or  settlement  of  such 
disputes  by  any  other  method  is  unthinkable.  The  wager  of 
battle  will  not  be  revived  in  such  case.  The  same  prophecy  may 
safely  be  made  as  to  the  future  relations  between  the  people  of 
America  and  those  ancient  friends,  the  citizens  of  the  free  repub- 
lic of  France.  The  only  serious^misunderstandings  between  that 
country  and  ours  arose  during  the  first  and  second  empires. 
Those  empires  have  disappeared,  and  in  spite  of  attempts  by  un- 
friendly propaganda  to  establish  the  contrary,  we  know,  and  the 
world  knows,  that  imperialistic  designs  on  the  part  of  France 
disappeared  with  the  last  empire.  In  the  harmony  between 
Great  Britain,  France  and  America  rests  the  future  peace  of  the 
world.  Those  who  seek  to  disturb  that  harmony  are  the  enemies 
of  mankind.  To  insure  the  government  of  this  world  by  law  the 
youth  of  these  peoples  gave  their  lives,  and  today  sleep  upon 
innumerable  hillsides  from  the  Channel  to  the  Vosges.  Since 
the  last  meeting  of  this  Association,  the  most  significant  public 
event  has  been  the  signing  of  a  treaty  between  the  great  maritime 
powers,  providing  for  the  limitation  of  naval  armaments.  It  is 
a  matter  of  profound  satisfaction  that  this  result  was  achieved 
upon  the  initiative  of  a  distinguished  American  lawyer,  the 
Secretary  of  State,  and  that  his  chief  coadjutor  was  the  leader  of 
the  American  Bar,  our  dearly  loved  friend,  Elihu  Boot.  Thus  the 
great  powers  have  in  effect  said  that  in  the  future  any  matter  of 
difference  between  them  shall  be  settled  as  private  men  compose 
or  litigiite  their  disagreements,  i^^d  that  there  shall  be  no  longer 


170  ADDKESS   OF  THE  PBSSIDBNT. 

aggressive  warfare.  Only  such  naval  farce  was  retained  as  seemed 
necessary  to  repel  attack.  This  does  not  mean  absolute  disarma- 
ment. The  wise  men  who  conducted  the  negotiations  resulting 
in  this  treaty  had  vividly  before  them  the  memory  of  the  great 
war,  and  realized  while  they  were  well  disposed  to  peace  and 
government  by  law,  there  were  other  people  in  whom  as  yet  a 
like  confidence  could  not  be  reposed.  A  proposition  of  absolute 
disarmament  either  on  land  or  sea,  would  be  like  the  suggestion 
of  the  dismissal  of  all  the  police  force  and  other  law  enforcement 
officers,  simply  because  the  great  majority  of  mankind  is  law- 
abiding.  Hence  tiie  proposal  of  the  Secretary  of  State  which 
was  adopted  by  the  Conference,  embodied  that  element  of  common 
sense  and  appreciation  of  possibilities  which  always  moves  the 
lawyer  in  advising  his  client.  Until  the  millennium,  account 
must  be  taken,  both  in  international  and  domestic  affairs,  of 
the  wicked  and  ill-disposed.  Beautiful  theories  evolved  from  the 
easy  chairs  of  dreamers  must  give  way  before  the  practical  neces- 
sities indicated  by  human  experience.  In  the  eighteenth  centary 
Diderot,  with  his  great  intellect^  conceived  a  scientific  theory  of 
a  state.  Catherine  of  Bussia  invited  him  to  St.  Petersburg, 
where  for  days  he  expounded  to  her  his  brilliant  conceptions.  In 
the  end  she  said : 

M.  Diderot,  I  have  listened  with  the  greatest  pleasure  to  all  that 
your  brilliant  intelligence  has  imparted.  With  all  your  great  principles 
(which  I  understand  very  well),  one  could  make  fine  books  out  very 
bad  business.  You  forget  in  all  your  plans  for  reform  the  difference  in 
our  positions.  You  only  work  on  paper  which  endures  all  things;  it 
opposes  no  obstacle  either  to  your  imagination  or  your  pen,  but  I,  poor 
Empress  that  I  am.  work  upon  the  human  skin,  which  is  irritable  and 
ticklish  to  a  very  oifferent  degree. 

It  has  been  the  predominating  trait  of  our  race  that  in  matters 
of  law  and  government  it  has  had  the  saving  grace  of  common 
sense.  This  led  to  the  limitations  in  our  constitution.  Perfec- 
tion in  this  world  is  unattainable.  The  best  that  can  be  hoped 
is  an  approximation  to  the  perfect.  A  government  in  which  all 
legislation  will  be  wise  and  all  administration  perfect  is  far  be- 
yond the  possibility  of  human  kind.  The  making  and  executi«n 
of  laws  and  the  administration  of  justice  are  all  subject  to  human 
imperfections  and  human  limitations.  That  any  system  may  be 
and  will  be  improved  as  defects  are  made  apparent,  is  sure,  so 
long  as  the  best  informed  and  most  patriotic  are  in  control.    In 


COBDENIO  A.   SEVERAKOE.  171 

civilized  nations^  gov^nment  and  the  laws  and  the  interpretar 
tion  of  the  laws  are  not  static.  Conditions  change^  and  with  these 
changes  new  applications  of  old  fundamental  conceptions  and 
rules  must  be  made.  This  is  an  orderly  evolution.  Its  most 
conspicuous  example,  perhaps,  lies  in  the  growth  of  the  common 
law,  and  in  the  application  of  fundamental  doctrines  embodied  in 
our  constitution  to  the  changing  conditions  of  modem  life.  As 
said  by  the  great  jurist  who  announced  the  opinion  of  the 
Supreme  Court  in  the  Debs  case: 

Constitutional  provisions  do  not  change,  but  their  operation  extends 
to  new  matters  as  the  modes  of  business  and  the  habits  of  life  of  the 
people  vary  with  each  succeeding  year. 

Far  different  from  this  are  the  revolutionary  demands  of  the 
mere  theorist.  Because  of  some  minor  failure  he  does  not  hesitate 
to  denounce  principles  of  law  and  government  evolved  from  the 
best  thought  of  human  kind  and  tested  by  experience.  The 
ancient  landmarks  he  disregards.  The  value  of  human  ambition 
which  has  lead  to  human  achievement  is  discarded  by  the  disciples 
of  a  certain  school  of  political  philosophy.  The  incentive  of  the 
hope  of  personal  success,  which  history  has  shown  to  be  absolutely 
essential  in  the  development  of  the  world,  means  nothing  to  them. 
The  fact  that  men  will  not  labor  with  diligence  unless  they  can  en- 
joy the  fruits  of  their  toil,  is  ignored  by  those  who  preach  commun- 
ism and  denounce  the  exaltation  of  the  individual.  They  forget 
that  the  selfishness  which  would  take  from  the  industrious  that 
which  he  has  achieved,  for  distribution  among  the  whole,  is  far 
greater  than  the  selfishness  of  the  man  who  seeks  to  possess  a 
bit  of  land  for  the  exclusive  use  of  himself  and  his  family.  The 
old  doctrine  that  the  Englishman's  home  is  his  castle  means 
more  than  that  it  shall  not  be  invaded  by  governmental  processes. 
Behind  and  beyond  that,  it  signifies  that  there  is  something  that 
is  sacred  to  him  and  his  wife  and  children,  because  he  has  attained 
it.  This  does  not  at  all  imply  that  there  are  no  limitations  to 
the  right  to  property  or  to  the  power  its  possession  may  give. 
Again,  we  have  in  the  law  the  interposition  of  the  same  doctrine 
of  reason  and  common  sense.  While  a  citizen  may  have  that 
which  is  his,  he  may  not  so  use  it  as  to  injure  his  neighbor.  To 
cite  a  familiar  example:  Freedom  of  commerce  throughout  our 
country  was  one  of  the  impelling  causes  for  the  adoption  of  our 


172  ADDRESS  OF  THB  PBE8IDBNT. 

constitution.'  In  Gibbons  against  Ogden,  the  Supreme  Court 
preserved  this  right  from  impairment.  In  modem  days,  when 
transportation  is  so  largely  conducted  by  rail^  no  new  principle  of 
law  was  required  to  authorize  the  establishment  by  the  govern- 
ment of  fair^  non-discriminatory  rates  and  charges.  This  is 
nothing  more  than  the  application  of  the  old  regulations  fixing 
the  fares  of  the  watermen  on  the  Thames^  but  the  right  of  the 
owner  to  possess  his  property  in  the  railroads,  and  to  protection 
against  fixing  rates  at  so  low  a  figure  as  to  result  in  confiscation, 
is  preserved.  In  this  way  abuses  that  existed  in  the  early  days 
of  railroading  through  which*  one  locality  was  destroyed  and  an- 
other built  up,  or  one  shipper  was  prevented  from  conducting 
lawful  competition  against  another  by  discriminatory  rate^  have 
been  prevented,  and  no  constitutional  or  laMrful  rights  have  been 
impinged  upon.  The  community  is  given  the  advantage  of  the 
efforts  of  the  managers  of  competitive  railways  to  improve  their 
service,  and  the  latter  have  the  incentive  of  personal  success  to 
incite  them  to  their  best  efforts  in  serving  the  public.  "Unlees  the 
rates  are  inordinately  high,  excellence  of  service  is  ordinarily 
more  important  than  the  amount  of  the  charges.  Experience  in 
Europe  and  America  alike  has  demonstrated  the  futility  of 
expecting  such  service  when  this  element  of  personal  ambition 
on  the  part  of  the  operators  of  these  systems,  is  withdrawn,  and 
competitive  conditions  destroyed,  as  is  the  case  under  govern- 
mental operation. 

It  is  unnecessary  to  enlarge  upon  the  innumerable  instances 
in  which  our  Constitution  has  been  found  adapted  to  new  situa- 
tions and  to  conditions  in  modem  life  which  were  undreamed  of 
by  its  makers  without  in  any  way  striking  down  the  philosophic 
conceptions  upon  which  it  is  based,  or  impairment  of  individual 
achievement.  The  steamboat,  the  railroad,  the  telegraph,  tho 
telephone,  the  pipe  line  have  come,  and  the  powers  granted  to  the 
federal  government  with  all  their  limitations,  have  been  found 
ample  and  sufficient  for  their  proper  regulation.  The  airplane  is 
with  us,  and  laws  governing  its  use  are  in  process  of  development, 
as  they  are  in  the  case  of  the  still  later  radio.  All  this  has  been 
accomplished  without  the  repression  of  genius  or  undue  interfer- 
ence with  personal  freedom.  With  a  like  recognition  of  individual 
rights  which  are  often  directly  affected  by  a  correct  distribution 


COBDBNIO  A.   8SVEBAN0E.  173 

and  balance  of  jurisdictions^  after  infinite  debate  and  repeated 
judicial  decisions^  the  fundamental  principles  differentiating  be- 
tween the  powers  of  the  federal  government  and  those  of  the 
states  are  fairly  well  established.  This  delimination  of  the  line 
between  federal  and  state  authority  has  been  worked  out  by  our 
great  court  of  last  resort^  save  only  as  to  the  single  question  of 
the  right  of  a  state  to  secede  from  the  union^  which  compelled  a 
resort  to  the  arbitrament  of  arms.  The  result  of  that  fratricidal 
war  was  to  settle  forever  the  perpetuity  of  our  union^  and  the 
supremacy  of  our  constitution.  The  scars  of  that  conflict  have 
long  since  healed.  The  bitterness  it  engendered  has  been  wiped 
away^  and  in  the  gallant  armies  that  threw  back  across  the  Marne 
at  Chateau  Thierry  the  hosts  of  autocracy^  and  who,  step  by  step, 
drove  out  the  invader  in  those  days  of  carnage  in  the  Argonne, 
there  was  no  distinction  either  in  gallantry  or  patriotism  be^ 
tween  the  sons  and  grandsons  of  the  men  who  in  the  last  century 
marched  under  the  Stars  and  Bars,  and  those  who  followed  the 
Stars  and  Stripes. 

This  great  charter,  having  shown  itself  strong  enough  to  with- 
stand the  shock  of  wars,  external  and  internal,  and  having  stood 
over  our  people  as  a  shield  and  protection  in  time  of  peace,  while 
we  have  grown  from  a  nation  of  three  millions  living  adjacent 
to  the  Atlantic  seaboard,  to  one  of  one  hundred  and  ten  millions, 
stretching  from  ocean  to  ocean,  and  taking  in  the  islands  of  the 
sea,  it  would  seem  as  though  debate  as  to  its  value  should  have 
been  concluded.  3ut  the  very  guarantees  of  a  free  press  and  free 
speech,  with  the  opportunity  thus  given  for  criticism  by  men  of 
varying  convictions  or  desires,  makes  its  preservation  a  matter 
of  solicitude  and  constant  concern  to  the  patriot  and  lover  of  hi.«< 
country.  But  aside  from  direct  attack  by  the  dissatisfied,  the 
wanton  or  the  vicious,  which  will  be  discussed  later,  there  have 
grown  up  tendencies  of  thought,  which,  unless  averted,  may 
destroy  the  true  balance  between  the  rights  of  the  states  and  those 
of  the  federal  government,  and  at  the  same  time  weaken  individ- 
ual morale  by  breeding  a  reliance  upon  government  in  the  place 
of  the  personal  self-dependence  of  the  citizens  which  has  been  the 
mainspring  of  our  national  development.  Owing  to  our  vast 
expansion  and  the  intimate  inter-communication  between  states 
and  the  right  of  the  citizens  of  the  several  states  to  equal  privi- 


174  ADDRESS  OF  TKB  PBJBSIDSNT. 

leges  in  each  of  the  other  states  the  natural  result  has  been  to 
eliminate  state  lines  in  many  ways.  It  could  not  well  be  other* 
wise^  and  the  framers  of  the  constitution  so  intended.  Our 
transportation  systems^  many  of  them  reaching  half  way  across 
the  continent^  carrying  principally  a  conmierce  interstate  in  char- 
acter^ must  necessarily^  if  regulation  is  to  be  effective,  be  in  the 
main^  under  the  control  of  the  union.  The  great  industrial  con- 
cerns of  the  country,  whose  trade  is  nationwide,  and  whose  un- 
checked power  would  tend  to  subvert  the  liberties  of  the  people, 
must  be  subject  to  like  control,  for  the  protection  of  the  people 
of  all  states  alike ;  but  we  are  too  apt  to  forget  that  there  is  a  vast 
field  in  which  the  public  interest  requires  that  there  shall  be  no 
substitution  of  federal  for  local  supervision  or  legislation,  and  fur- 
ther, that  in  the  absence  of  a  clear  necessity,  there  should  be  no 
interposition  by  either.  Following  great  wars  there  is;  as  compared 
with  normal  times,  always  a  tendency  to  an  expansion  of  govern- 
mental power,  with  the  resultant  increased  interference  with  the 
freedom  of  the  individual.  It  has  been  markedly  the  case  since 
the  World  War,  The  mobilization  of  men  and  money  with  the 
necessary  temporary  legislation  increasing  the  powers  of  the 
executive  and  minimizing  for  the  time  the  personal  rights  of  the 
citizen,  produces  an  abnormal  condition  of  the  public  mind.  In 
ancient  days,  when  autocracy  was  the  rule,  war  was  the  usual 
state.  To  a  free  people  in  modern  days,  war  is  abhorrent.  It  is 
appealed  to  as  the  last  resort  only  for  the  purpose  of  bringing  a 
just  peace  and  the  individual  comfort  and  well-being  that  are  the 
concomitants  of  peace.  When  the  emergency  passes  with  the 
ending  of  the  war,  there  should  be  a  speedy  reversion  to  peace- 
time conditions.  While  war  is  in  progress  everything  is  sub- 
ordinated to  the  one  purpose  of  a  speedy  victory  for  our  armies. 
At  the  call  of  the  nation  men  offer  up  their  lives  for  its  preserva- 
tion. The  people  submit  to  having  their  food,  their  clothing, 
the  sales  of  their  products  and  an  infinite  number  of  other  matters 
controlled  by  government.  The  intimate  connection  with  govern- 
ment  thus  established  has  a  reflex  action  in  causing  the  people  to 
lose  their  self-dependence  and  to  look  to  the  federal  government 
for  things  which,  in  a  normal  state  of  peace,  are  entirely  of 
state  or  individual  concern.  The  President  and  the  Congress  are 
asked  to  interfere  in  purely  local  matters;  the  federal  treasury 


OOBDBNIO  A.  BSVBBANOB.  175 

is  raided^  or  attempted  to  be  raided  in  the  interest  of  things  in 
no  way  national  in  character.  Federal  aid  in  money  is  demanded 
to  supplement  funds  voted  by  the  states  for  improvements  or  to 
pay  the  cost  of  state  activities.  Groups  of  people  even  seek  this 
aid  in  support  of  enterprises  which  are  in  effect  individual.  The 
congressman  or  senator  is  looked  upon  as  successful  or  otherwise 
in  the  measure  that  he  is  able  to  secure  appropriations  benefiting 
only  the  whole  or  part  of  his  immediate  constituency.  Legisla- 
tion sometimes  degenerates  into  a  race  between  the  members  to 
see  who  can  secure  the  most.  In  this  way  taxes  that  are  imposed 
for  the  general  benefit  are  many  times  directly  or  indirectly  di- 
verted to  private  use.  The  tax-payer  in  one  state  is  compelled  to 
bear  a  part  of  the  burdens  of  some  distant  part  of  the  country  in 
which  neither  the  nation  nor  he  himself  has  any  but  the  most  re^ 
mote  interest.  All  this  tends  to  breed  extravagance.  People  who 
scan  their  tax  bills  are  apt  to  insist  upon  economy  in  public  expen- 
ditures which  are  in  the  charge  of  local  officials  and  to  bring  pres- 
sure to  produce  economical  administration.  But  they  seem  to 
feel  that  these  supplemental  funds  so  secured  from  the  general 
government  in  Washington  are  like  manna  from  Heaven,  for- 
getting that  they  represent  the  fruits  of  tiie  labors  of  their  fellow- 
citizens.  This  so-called  federal  aid  turned  over  by  the  general 
government  to  the  states  without  any  control  as  to  its  expenditure, 
has  already  amounted  to  hundreds  of  millions  of  dollars  a  year. 
Even  that,  however,  is  preferable  to  the  establishment  of  addi- 
tional bureaus  at  the  seat  of  government  with  thousands  of  em- 
ployees and  inspectors  to  oversee  the  expenditure  of  these  funds. 
Public  opinion  should  be  built  up  to  check  these  constant  raids 
upon  the  federal  treasury.  The  courts  are  powerless  in  the 
matter,  and  the  only  remedy  is  in  the  development  of  a  sound 
public  sentiment  in  the  direction  of  local  and  individual  self- 
reliance.  Neither  communities  nor  citizens  should  stand  like 
beggars,  hat  in  hand,  asking  alms  from  Washington.  There  had 
also  developed  both  before  the  World  War  and  in  a  more  marked 
degree  since,  a  movement  for  the  establishment  of  bureaus  and 
commissions  not  only  in  the  federal  government,  but  in  the 
various  states,  which  are  given  greater  or  less  powers  of  interfer- 
ence with  the  freedom  of  action  of  individuals,  and  in  some  cases 
tend  to  make  them  more  dependent  upon  the  aid  of  the  govern- 


176  ADDRBSS  OF  THB  PBB8IDBNT. 

ment  or  the  state>  and  less  upon  their  own  exertions.  With  the 
increasing  complexity  of  our  civilization^  some  of  these  commis- 
sions art  suitable,  proper  and  necessary,  and  if  conducted  with 
due  regard  to  constitutional  rights,  are  valuable,  but  in  many 
instances  they  are  distinctly  mischievous,  and  improperly  hamper 
private  initiative.  They  create  an  enormous  roll  of  ofiBcers  and 
employees  supported  at  public  expense.  In  certain  cases,  while 
there  is  a  reasonable  excuse  for  their  exiatence,  the  advantage 
flowing  from  the  exercise  of  their  functions  is  of  far  less  value 
than  their  cost,  even  leaving  to  one  side  their  unfortunate  effect 
upon  public  morale.  It  is  as  true  now  as  when  it  was  first  uttered 
that  the  people  are  governed  best  who  are  governed  least.  This 
country  has  not  grown  to  be  the  greatest,  most  powerful  and 
happiest  in  the  world  through  the  activities  of  boards  or  bureaus, 
but  only  through  the  efforts  and  genius  of  its  virile,  strong  and 
intelligent  people,  with  the  assurance  given  by  the  constitution 
that  they  shall  enjoy  the  results  of  their  labor.  We  have  made 
this  marvelous  progress  by  respecting  the  rights  of  the  individual 
recited  in  the  Declaration  of  Independence.  If  we  do  not  check 
the  tendency  to  set  up  a  bureaucratic  government,  centering  in 
Washington,  we  invite  disaster.  The  United  States  is  not,  as 
was  asserted  of  the  late  Oerman  Empire,  an  entity  free  from 
moral  or  other  restraints  over,  above  and  apart  from  the  people, 
but  it  is  a  composite  of  the  people  themfielves.  Its  powers  are  not 
unlimited.  The  Oovemment  possesses  only  those  from  which  the 
people  parted  for  the  general  welfare,  and  its  activities  should 
be  confined  within  the  narrow  limits  consistent  with  the  per- 
formance of  proper  governmental  duties.  The  wise  men  who 
wrote  the  constitution  did  not  intend  to  place  the  citizen  in  lead- 
ing strings.  The  government  is  the  servant  of  the  people.  It  is 
instituted  not  to  suppress,  but  to  render  certain  their  liberties. 
The  constitutions,  both  federal  and  state,  are  full  of  provisions 
setting  bounds  to  what  their  respective  legislatures  may  do.  In 
spite  of  these  limitations,  the  growth  of  the  so-called  police  power 
in  these  later  days  is  a  matter  of  profound  concern  to  all  lovers  of 
our  country.  If  legislators  are  permitted  to  run  riot  under  the 
pretended  exercise  of  this  power,  the  constitutional  guarantees 
for  the  protection  of  liberty  and  property  will  be  destroyed.  If 
contracts  between  individuals  truly  private  in  character  can  be 


OOBDBNIO  A.   SBVBBANCB.  177 

rendered  valueless  by  the  fiat  of  a  bare  majority  of  a  legislative 
body^  under  the  plea  of  emergency  or  necessity,  and  i|  the  legisla- 
ture is  permitted  to  be  the  unhampered  judge  of  the  existence 
of  such  necessity  or  emergency,  what  becomes  of  the  constitutional 
provision  rendering  such  contracts  immune  from  legislative  at- 
tack ?  If  a  legislature  can  by  a  simple  resolution  declare  that  a 
business  or  occupation  never  before  deemed  to  be  affected  with 
a  public  interest  and  thus  subject  to  regulation,  is  in  fact  so 
affected,  what  limits  are  there  to  what  it  may  do?  The  enlarge- 
ment of  the  scope  of  the  police  power  in  recent  years  has  gone  far 
in  the  direction  of  a  communistic  state.  That  this  has  not  been 
intended  in  general,  either  by  legislatures  or  courts,  is  imdoubted. 
But  that  its  effect  has  been  toward  that  result  is  likewise  beyond 
reasonable  dispute.  Borne  was  not  built  in  a  day,  and  a  constitu- 
tion can  be  overthrown  in  time  as  surely  by  gradual  encroach- 
ments as  by  sudden  revolution.  Every  undue  weakening  of  its 
inhibitions  prohibiting  the  invasion  of  the  rights  of  the  indi- 
vidual,* is  a  step  towards  state  supremacy,  and  each  piece  of 
legislation  of  this  character  forms  a  precedent  for  another.  If 
we  believe  in  the  principles  upon  which  our  government  was 
founded^  we  should  scrutinize  with  jealous  care  new  proposals 
which  affect  the  liberty  of  personal  action,  to  see  whether  they 
square  with  the  ancient  doctrines  voiced  by  our  fathers  in  the 
constitution.  The  exposition  and  enforcement  of  these  limita- 
tions^ whenever  they  are  exceeded,  is  the  function  of  the  judiciary. 
Therefore  judges  must  not  only  have  character  and  lofty  ethical 
views,  but  they  must  have  learning,  not  only  in  what  may  be 
termed  the  technique  of  the  legal  profession,  but  a  broad  educa- 
tion in  the  history  and  great  fundamental  principles  of  govern- 
ment. They  should  be  informed  as  to  the  theories  upon  ^ich  the 
states  of  antiquity  were  based,  and  be  enlightened  as  to  the  ele- 
ments which  gave  strength  and  the  weaknesses  which  led  to 
downfall.  They  should  have  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  growth 
of  constitutional  law  in  England  and  the  American  Colonies 
previous  to  our  revolution; — all  this  and  more  should  be  the 
equipment  of  our  judiciary  so  that  they  may  know  'from  the 
results  of  human  experience,  the  value  of  and  the  necessity  for 
the  maintenance  of  the  great  safeguards  embraced  in  our  constitu- 
tion and  the  amendments,  setting  bounds  to  the  action  of  the 


i 


178  ADDRESS  01*  THE  PBBBIDBNT. 

(^Bcials  of  the  states  and  the  nation.  Only  with  this  thorough 
training  are  they  fitted  to  apply  to  concrete  cases  as  they  arise, 
the  protection  secured  to  ns  by  the  great  charter  of  onr  liberties. 
The  Bench  is  recruited  from  the  Bar;  an  ill  educated  and  unin- 
formed Bar  thus  necessarily  must  result  in  an  ill-equipped  Bench. 
It  was  not  to  enable  lawyers  to  make  more  money  by  intelligently 
practicing  their  profession^  that  this  Association  and  its  co-ordi- 
nated bodies^  the  state  and  local  associations,  adopted  the  resolu- 
tions with  which  you  are  all  familiar,  looking  to  a  better 
preparation  for  the  practice  of  the  law.  Such  incentive  would 
have  been  imworthy  of  the  Bar,  and  would  have  done  violence  to 
its  honorable  traditions.  The  reason  lay  far  deeper  than  that.  It 
was  to  enable  the  Bar  and  Bench  to  administer  with  wisdom  and 
intelligence  American  justice  between  man  and  man,  and  between 
the  citizen  and  the  state.  More  and  more  such  administration 
involves  the  application  of  the  provisions  of  our  constitution. 

This  fact  was  recognized  a  third  of  a  century  ago  by  Mr.  Justice 
Miller,  who  in  one  of  his  masterly  lectures  said : 

The  importance  of  a  thorough  knowledge  of  constitutional  law  to 
those  who  propose  hereafter  to  practice  the  profession  of  the  law  in 

this  country,  can  hardly  be  exaggerated The  time  has  come 

when  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  the  United  States  are  not  the  mere 
theoretical  object  of  the  thou^ts  of  the  statesman,  the  lawyer  or  the 
man  of  afifairs;  for  the  operations  of  its  government  now  reach  to  the 
recesses  of  every  man's  business,  and  force  themselves  upon  every  man's 
thoughts. 

In  times  of  unrest  and  loose  thinking,  such  as  we  are  going 
through  at  present,  the  clear  definition  and  enunciation  of  these 
principles  as  they  come  to  be  applied  from  day  to  day,  are  of  the 
highest  importance.  The  judges  must  not  only  have  the  firmness 
to  state  with  definiteness  and  certainty  that  the  individual  rights 
of  the  citizen  may  not  be  encroached  upon  either  by  the  executive 
or  by  a  temporary  majority  in  a  congress  or  a  legislature;  that  all 
the  checks  and  balances  between  the  departments  of  the  federal 
government,  between  the  union  and  the  states,  and  between  both 
these  governments  and  the  people  must  be  preserved  in  their 
integrity)  but  in  addition  they  must  be  possessed  of  the  learning 
to  make  clear  the  reasons  for  their  conclusions.  Those  to  whom 
these  restraints  are  irksome  and  who  believe  in  a  parliamentary 
form  of  government  with  unlimited  powers,  recognize  clearly  that 


OOBDBNIO   A.   SBVERAKOB.  179 

their  easiest  method  of  attack  is  to  assail  the  power  of  the  courts. 

In  1821  Chief  Justice  Marshall  said : 

An  attack  upon  the  judiciary  is  in  fact  an  attack  up(m  the  union. 
The  judicial  department  is  well  imdestood  to  be  that  throiigh  which 
the  government  may  be  attacked  most  successfully  because  it  is  without 
patronage,  and,  of  course,  without  power.'  And  it  is  equally  well  under- 
stood that  every  subtraction  from  its  jurisdiction  is  a  vital  wound  to  the 
government  itself.  The  attack  upon  it,  therefore,  is  a  masked  battery 
aimed  at  the  government  itself. 

In  the  earlier  days  of  the  republic  the  exercise  of  its  proper 
jurisdiction  by  the  Supreme  Court  called  forth  heated  denuncia- 
tions by  executives  and  legislators,  whose  activities  it  sought  to 
restrain  within  the  limits  prescribed  for  them.  At  least  two 
presidents  of  the  United  States  refused  to  follow  its  decisions. 
Politicians  and  newspapers  assailed  the  great  tribunal,  but  serene 
and  confident  in  the  conclusiveness  of  their  reasoning,  Marshall, 
Story  and  their  colleagues  went  their  way,  and  unaffected  by 
popular  clamor,  did  their  duty.  Mr.  Justice  Story  in  the  Dart^ 
mouth  College  case,  said : 

It  is  not  for  the  judges  to  listen  to  the  voice  of  persuasive  eloquence 
or  popular  appeal.  We  have  nothing  to  do  but  pronounce  the  law  as 
we  find  it,  and  having  done  this,  our  justification  must  be  left  to  the 
impartial  judgment  of  our  country. 

After  the  passions  and  controversies  of  the  hour  had  passed, 
this  impartial  judgment  was  rendered,  and  these  great  judges  took 
their  place  among  the  immortals. 

In  all  of  Shakespeare  there  is  no  more  splendid  passage  than 

that  describing  the  meeting  between  the  old  Chief  Justice  of 

England  and  the  young  King,  who  in  his  lawless  youth  had  been 

committed  for  contempt  for  striking  the  judge  when  upon  the 

Bench.    The  Chief  Justice  said  in  his  justification : 

Your  Highness  pleased*  to  foiiget  my  place. 
The  majesty  and  power  of  law  and  justice. 
The  image  of  the  King  whom  I  presented. 
And  struck  me  in  my  very  seat  of  judgment; 
Whereon,  as  an  offender  to  your  father, 
I  gave  bold  way  to  my  authority 
And  did  commit  you. 

The  king  replied : 

You  are  right,  justice,  and  you  weish  this  well; 
Therefore  still  bear  the  balance  andthe  sword; 
....    You  did  commit  me 
For  which  I  do  commit  into  your  hand 
The  unstain'd  sword  that  you  have  used  to  bear, 
With  this  remembrance,  Uiat  you  use  the  same 
With  the  Uke  bold,  just,  and  impartial  spirit. 
As  you  have  done  'gainst  me. 


180  ADDRESS  OF  THE  FBBSIDBNT. 

We  have  no  kingly  office,  but  the  judges  represent  the  words 
and  the  spirit  of  our  constitution,  and  have,  with  rare  exceptions, 
enforced  them  with  a  ^'  bold,  just  and  impartial  spirit,''  and  for 
this  they  pire  held  in  honor  by  the  good  men  and  women  of  our 
country  whose  liberties  they  have  preserved.  Nevertheless,  we 
have  lately  seen  a  renewal  in  certain  quarters  of  these  attacks 
upon  the  judiciary.  Large  bodies  of  men  have  resented  their 
judgments  when  adverse  to  their  contentions,  and  in  some  cases 
by  formal  resolutions  have  stated  that  they  would  determine  for 
themselves  the  constitutionality  of  laws  and  would  not  regard 
themselves  as  bound  by  the  decisions  of  the  courts  in  that  respect. 
There  have  been  widespread  complaints  against  and  attempts  at 
times  successful,  to  limit  by  legislation  the  jurisdiction  of  the 
courts  in  affording  protection  'Against  the  invasion  of  personal 
rights.  In  an  address  delivereu  before  the  American  Federation 
of  Labor  on  Flag  Day,  a  senator  of  the  United  States  denounced 
the  action  of  the  Supreme  Court  in  holding  acts  of  the  CoQgress 
and  of  state  legislatures  unconstitutional  as  pure  usurpation 
and  the  exercise  of  a  power  not  granted  by  the  constitution.  He 
later  repeated  this  address  upon  the  floor  of  the  Senate.  He 
termed  the  judges  a  "  judicial  oligarchy.'' 

And  said : 

The  time  has  come  when  we  must  put  the  axe  to  the  root  of  this 
monstrous  growth  upon  the  body  of  our  government.  The  usurped 
power  of  the  federal  courts  must  Se  taken  away,  and  the  federal  juoges 
must  be  made  responsible  to  the  public  will. 

He  further  said : 

What  I  propose  is  that  Congrees  shall  be  enabled  to  override  this 
usurped  judicial  veto,  and  to  declare  finally  the  public  policy,  just  as 
it  has  the  power  to  override  the 'Presidential  veto  so  that  we  may 
realize  in  fact  the  fundamental  purpose  of  the  Constitution  as  declared 
in  Article  1,  Section  1,  "  that  all  lei^islative  powers  herein  granted  shall 
be  vested  in  a  Congress  of  the  United  States  which  shall  consist  of  a 
Senate  and  House  o?  Representatives." 

His  remedy  was  a  proposed  constitutional  amendment  to  read 
as  follows : 

That  no  inferior  federal  judge  shall  set  aside  a  law  of  Congress  on 
the  ground  that  it  is  unconstitutional.  That  if  the  Supreme  Court 
assumes  to  decide  any  law  unconstitutional,  or  by  interpretation  under- 
takes to  assert  a  public  policy  at  variance  with  the  statutory  declaration 
of  Congress,  whidi  alone  under  our  system  is  authorized  to  determine 
the  public  policies  of  government,  the  Congress  may,  by  repassing 
the  law,  nulUfy  the  action  of  the  court. 


OOBDBNIO  ▲.   BBYBaiNOB.  181 

It  will  be  noted  that  the  senator  made  two  fundamental  propo- 
sitions :  First,  that  the  power  exerted  by  the  court  in  declaring 
statutes  unconstitutional  is  a  usurped  power  not  granted  by  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States;  and  second,  that  Congress 
alone  under  our  system  has  authority  to  determine  the  public 
policies  of  government.  As  I  had  occasion  to  point  out  in  a  recent 
address  before  one  of  the  state  bar  associations,  we  challenge  the 
correctness  of  both  these  statements.  That  the  power  is  not  one 
that  is  usurped  is  clear.  It  had  been  exercised  by  the  courts  of 
Massachusetts,  New  York,  Virginia  and  North  Carolina  as  to 
statutes  in  derogation  of  provisions  of  their  respective  constitu- 
tions before  the  federal  constitution  was  adopted.  There  can  be 
no  question  that  these  decisicms  were  within  the  knowledge  of  the 
members  of  the  federal  convention,  as  was  the  fact  that  it  bad 
been  recognized  by  the  Continental  Congress,  which,  by  resolution 
requested  the  courts  of  law  and  equity  of  the  states  to  decide  and 
adjudge  according  to  the  treaty  of  peace  between  the  United 
States  and  Great  Britain,  anything  in  acts  or  parts  of  acts  of 
the  legislatures  of  the  states  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 
In  the  notes  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  it  appears,  from 
remarks  of  numerous  members,  that  it  was  contemplated  that 
such  power  should  be  exercised  by  the  federal  courts,  and  its 
necessity  was  fully  appreciated.  Madison  said  in  the  convention 
that  he 

considered  the  difTerence  between  a  system  founded  on  the  legidatxirea 
only,  and  one  founded  on  the  people,  to  be  the  true  difference  between  a 

league  or  treaty,  and  a  constitution A   law  violatins  a 

treaty  ratified  by  a  pre-existing  law  might  be  ^'espected  by  the  judges 
as  a  law,  though  an  unwise  ana  perfidious  one.  A  law  violating  a  con- 
stitution established  by  the  people  themselves  would  be  considered 
by  the  judges  as  null  and  void. 

In  the  Pennsylvania  Convention  called  to  ratify  the  constitu- 
tion, James  Wilson,  afterwards  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court, 
said: 

I  had  occasion  on  a  former  day  to  state  that  the  power  of  the  Con- 
stitution was  paramount  to  the  power  of  the  legislature  acting  under 
that  Constitution,  for  it  is  possible  that  the  legislature  enacting  in  that 
capacity  may  tranagress  the  bounds  assigned  to  it,  sikI  an  act  may  pass 
through  the  usual  mode,  notwithstanding  that  tranqgression  ^  but  when  it 
comes  to  be  discussed  before  the  judges— when  they  consider  itf  prin- 
ciples and  find  it  to  be  incompatible  with  the  superior  power  of  the 
Constitution  it  is  their  duty  to  pronounce  it  void. 

Many  similar  contemporaneous  expressions  might  be  quoted. 


182  ADDRESS  OF  THB  PRE6IDBNT. 

This  power  was  fully  expounded  in  the  Pederalisi.  Ouriouflly 
it  was  approved  in  a  letter  written  by  Jefferson  to  Madison  from 
Paris  on  June  20,  1787,  while  the  convention  was  in  session. 

The  Constitution  was  thus  adopted  with  the  complete  knowl- 
edge that  the  judicial  power  included  the  duty  of  sustaining  con- 
stitutional provisions  as  against  legislation  either  federal  or  state 
that  contravened  them.  This  power  was  only  attacked  whto 
some  years  later  its  exercise  ran  counter  to  what  was  deemed  by 
individuals  or  parties  desirable  in  spite  of  the  Constitution. 

For  many  years  past,  however,  the  exercise  of  this  jurisdiction 
by  the  courts  has  met  with  general  acquiescence,  and  criticisms, 
when  made,  have  ordinarily  been  as  to  the  conclusions  of  the 
courts  rather  than  a  denial  of  their  authority. 

The  second  proposition  asserted  by  the  senator  to  the  effect 
that  Congress  alone  under  our  system  has  authority  to  determine 
the  public  policies  of  government,  is  not  true  without  the  addi- 
tion that  such  public  policies  must  be  determined  in  obedience 
to  the  limitations  in  the  Constitution.  He  reads  out  of  Article  1, 
Section  1,  relating  to  the  legislative  powers  of  Congress  the  words, 
"  herein  granted,"  and  treats  this  section  as  though  it  read  that 
"all  legislative  powers  shall  be  v«sted  in  the  Congress.^'  This 
fundamental  error  vitiates  his  conclusion. 

The  Congress  has  no  unlimited  power  of  legislation.  There 
are  certain  specific  matters  concerning  which  it  may  legislate. 
All  others  are  reserved  to  the  states  or  the  people.  If  the  proposed 
constitutional  amendment  should  be  adopted,  not  only  would 
Congress  have  unlimited  right  to  deal  with  subjects  that  have 
always  been  looked  upon  as  belonging  to  the  states  and  reserved 
for  their  exclusive  cognizance,  but  it  could  wipe  out  the  Bill  of 
Bights  and  all  the  protection  that  it  gives  to  the  people.  Thought- 
ful men  are  impressed  with  the  danger  of  the  growth  of  federal 
power  in  matters  of  local  concern,  even  when  Congress  is  acting 
within  the  scope  of  the  present  Constitution.  The  proposal  is  to 
withdraw  all  guaranties  and  limitations  whatsoever.  It  is  a 
matter  of  real  concern  that  the  Federation  of  Labor  in  its  resolu- 
tions passed  following  this  address,  approved  the  proposed  amend- 
ment and  added  another  resolution  to  the  effect  that  amendments 
to  the  constitution  should  be  made  easier.  Such  action  by  the 
representatives  of  so  large  an  organization  is  symptomatic  of  a 


OORDBNIO  A.  SBVERAHOB.  183 

very  serious  condition  of  the  public  mind.  In  substance  this 
proposal  is  not  a  mere  amendment^  but  if  adopted  would  work  a 
revolution  in  our  system  of  government.  Heretofore  the  United 
States  has  always  been  held  and  considered  to  be  a  government 
of  limited  powers.  If  such  an  amendment  should  be  adopted^ 
the  powers  of  the  Congress  would  be  unlimited^  and  a  mere 
majority  of  that  body^  composed  largely  of  men  not  learned  in 
the  law  could  overthrow  all  tiie  hard-won  safeguards  of  individual 
liberty  obtained  by  brave  men  down  through  the  centuries  from 
Magna  Charta  to  the  day  when  they  were  put  in  lasting  form  in 
the  federal  and  state  constitutions. 
De  Tocqueville,  in  his  "  Democracy  in  America/^  said : 

The  power  of  the  judiciary  to  declare  a  law  invalid  if  it  trausceiids 
the  powers  given  by  the  Constitution,  is  one  of  the  strongest  barriers 
ever  devised  against  the  tyrannies  of  political  assemblies. 

It  must  not  be  overlooked  that  the  proposed  amendment  em- 
bodies in  itself  no  limitations.  It  applies  even  where  the  viola- 
tion of  the  Constitution  is  so  clear  that  it  is  not  even  arguable. 
As  it  cannot  be  pretended  that  the  principle  involved  in  the  law 
so  repassed  can  have  any  general  application^  it  follows  that  each 
time  a  bill  in  violation  of  some  constitutional  limitation  became 
a  law  by  re^passing  it  in  Congress,  it  would  result  in  nullifying 
such  limitation  as  to  a  particular  subject,  leaving  it  in  full  vigor 
as  to  all  other  matters.  It  involves  the  abandonm^it  of  all  con- 
tinuity of  decision  upon  constitutional  questions,  and  the  same 
underlying  principle  might,  and  probably  would,  be  determined 
differently  by  successive  congresses.  It  amounts  to  submission  of 
a  proposition  to  amend  the  Constitution  pro  tanto  to  a  vote  of  the 
electors  in  the  various  congressional  districts  where  the  contest 
would  be  fought  out  over  this  and  all  other  pending  issues  in  the 
election  of  members  of  Congress.  It  thus  possesses  even  less 
virtue  than  the  proposed  recall  of  judicial  decisions  by  direct  vote 
of  the  people,  which  was  advocated  some  years  ago  by  a  man  who 
was  dearly  loved  by  his  countrymen,  and  but  for  whose  advocacy 
the  scheme  would  have  attracted  no  attention  whatever.  As  it 
was,  even  with  the  prestige  of  his  great  name,  it  could  not  stand 
discussion  and  is  no  longer  heard  of.  It  contained  no  appeal  to 
the  good  common  sense  of  America. 

While  it  is  inconceivable  that  such  amendment  can  receive 
any  substantial  support  in  Congress,  or  that  it  could  in  any  event 


184  ADDRESS  OF  THB  PBSSIDKNT. 

secure  the  votes  of  three-fourths  of  the  states^  still  the  mere  fact 
that  a  senator  of  the  United  States  advances  such  a  proposition 
emphasizes  the  necessity  of  a  wider  study  of  the  constitution  and 
a  fuller  appreciation  by  the  people,  of  its  value.  It  is  only  one 
of  a  series  of  attacks  that  are  being  made  upon  established  insti- 
tutions. The  state  of  mind  of  the  world  for  the  last  few  years  has 
been  revolutionary.  People  have  been  restive  under  any  restraint, 
no  matter  how  salutary.  They  have  sought  change  for  the  sake  of 
change.  There  has  been  a  feeling  that  in  some  way  all  inequalities 
and  unhappiness  could  be  cured  by  government.  While  this  senti- 
ment has  made  less  headway  in  our  free  America  than  in  other 
lands,  it  has  even  here  become  so  widespread  that  it  should  be  a 
matter  of  serious  concern  to  every  patriot. 

Recent  investigations,  both  official  and  unofficial,  have  demon- 
strated the  shocking  extent  to  which  direct  agitation,  in  part 
public,  in  part  secret,  against  our  whole  system  of  government  has 
gone.  Large  organizations  of  inen  extending  to  every  industrial 
center  in  America,  are  at  work  carrying  on  an  active  propaganda 
directed  to  the  eventual  destruction  of  our  constitution  and  the 
substitution  therefor  of  a  government  such  as  has  brought  chaos 
to  the  great  Russian  people.  The  principal  leader  of  one  branch 
of  this  movement  has  recently  returned  from  Moscow,  bringing 
instructions  and  aid  from  the  oligarchy  which  is  there  in  power. 
It  has  been  publicly  stated  by  the  President  of  the  American 
Federation  of  Labor  that  this  organization  so  affiliated  with  Soviet 
Russia,  has  at  least  a  thousand  men  well  supported  and  com- 
pensated, working  in  the  interests  of  this  movement  and  penetrat- 
ing every  section  of  the  republic.  The  speeches  made  at  the  Third 
Internationale  in  Russia,  which  was  attended  by  representatives 
from  this  country,  advocated  not  only  open  propaganda  in  other 
countries  of  the  world,  including  our  own,  but  the  secret  commis- 
sion of  unlawful  acts  and  the  circulation  of  literature  forbidden 
by  law. 

One  of  the  American  delegates  in  a  public  utterance  at  Moscow 
used  this  language  with  reference  to  the  publications  of  his  party 
in  America : 

All  the  organs  of  the  press  (the  majority  of  which  at  the  present 
moment  are  published  unaeiground)  are  under  the  immediate  control  of 
the  directive  bodies  of  the  party.    All  local  organisational  procedures 


OOBDKNIO  ▲.  SBVESAKOB.  185 

are  eooidinated  with  the  central  organization.     Increased  and  unre- 
mitting attention  is  given  to  the  observance  of  party  discipline. 

And  agaiB  he  said : 

For  the  purpose  of  augmenting  the  success  of  propaganda,  the  o^ter 
of  gravity  of  party  work  was  lifted  to  the  plants,  mills,  and  mines. 
For  that  purpose,  agents  of  agitation  were  appointed  wherever  there 
were  memiberB  of  the  party.  Tliey  were  guides  in  Communist  watch* 
words  and  ideas. 

Another  delegate  thus  paid  his  respects  to  the  patriotism  of 

the  American  Legion : 

The  demobilised  soldiers  (who  for  the  most  part  did  not  see  the 
battle  front),  under  the  direction  of  former  officers  (sons  of  various 
bankers  and  rich  men),  have  organised  themselves  into  **  the  American 
Legion  "  for  the  purpose  of  protecting  "  the  Constitution  and  free  insti- 
tutions of  America."  This  last  is  accomplished  by  riotous  attacks  on  the 
headquarters  of  Communists  and  trade-unions  and  the  beating  up  of 
active  workmen. 

Under  extremely  difficult  conditions  the  Communists  in  America  have 
had  to  reorganise  themselves  from  half-legal  and  open  organisations  into 
absolutely  imderground  organisations. 

Three  delegates  united  in  publishing  a  report  of  the  American 

Communist   partj^   and   in   this   pronunciamento   occurs   the 

following: 

The  class-conscious  workers  of  America  more  and  more  turn  toward 
^ou.  fellow  workers  of  Soviet  Russia.  Your  example  is  to  them  a  lesson  ^ 
m  the  revolutionary  struggle,  for  which  American  bourgeois  d&noonay 
and  the  working  class  oiAmerica  are  both  organizing  and  jireparing. 
....  They  expect  that  the  2nd  Congress  ol  the  Communist  Inter- 
national will  <*«tahliwh  the  general  stafif  of  the  world  revolution.  Long 
hve  Soviet  Russia  1  Long  live  the  Dictatcnrsftiip  of  the  Proletariat! 
Long  Uve  the  III  International  I 

The  secretary  of  the  Communist  party  of  America  published  a 
statement  in  which^  among  other  things,  he  said : 

"My"  countiy,  America,  formerly  the  most  progresnve  country  in 
the  world,  has  now  become  the  most  reactionary;  the  impending  Ameri- 
can revolution  will  be  more  cruel  and  severe  than  the  revolutions  in 
Russia  and  Crermany. 

These  expressions  are,  of  course,  those  of  extremists.  They 
and  their  associates  now  comprise  a  very  small  percentage  of  the 
people  of  this  country.  But  in  addition  to  the  so-called  under- 
ground publications,  the  book  stalls  on  the  street  comers  in  our 
cities  are  coTered  with  literature  written  and  published  to  stir 
up  hatred,  produce  discontent,  and  in  many  cases,  in  a  more  or 
less  blind  and  furtive  way,  incite  to  violence.  One  publishing 
house  alone  advertises  an  output  of  many  thousands  of  books  and 
pamphlets  per  day,  the  greater  part  of  which  are  of  this  character. 


186  ADDRB8S  OF  THE  PBBSIBBNT. 

The  influ^ice  of  such  publications^  especially  upon  immature 
minds,  is  necessarily  tremendous.  Influenced,  no  doubt,  by  such 
vicious  teachings,  sabotage  has  largely  increased  and  the  law 
has  been  flouted  by  bands  of  men  in  different  parts  of  the  coun- 
try at  times  of  industrial  troubles.  To  a  large  extent  these 
propagandists  are  foreign  bom,  although  with  shame  it  must  be 
confessed  that  many  of  them  were  bom  and  reared  under  the  free 
institutions  of  America.  The  Chairman  of  the  Executive  Council 
of  the  National  Civic  Federation  in  a  pamphlet  published  as 
late  as  June  24th,  of  the  present  year  said : 

A  committee  of  The  National  Civic  Fe^ieration^  which  has  spent  two 
years  studying  the  revolutionary  movements  in  this  country,  was  greatly 
disturbed  to  find  the  extent  to  which  they  have  penetrated  aU  groups 
making  up  our  national  life.  Not  the  least  disquieting  feature  of  the 
situation  is  the  fact  that  so  many  men  in  high  places  have  little  realiza^ 
tion  of  what  is  going  on  about  them.  For  instance,  it  was  learned  that, 
under  the  veiy  dome  of  the  Capitol  at  Washington,  there  was  an  organi- 
zation made  up  of  a  hundred  and  fifty  secretaries  to  senators  and  repre- 
sentatives which  was  completely  in  the  hands  of  the  Reds.  It  had  been 
in  existence  for  two  years,  holding  its  meetings  in  the  caucus  room  of 
the  House,  and  yet  few  persons,  even  in  Washington,  had  ever  heard 
of  it.  But  Moscow  and  the  Red  "  liberal "  press  of  all  nations  had  heard 
of  it  and  knew  and  exploited  the  fact  that  the  **  U.  S.  Congress  Jr."  had 
voted  in  favor  of  the  recognition  of  Soviet  Russia. 

Innumerable  instances  of  a  similar  nature  and  equally  disturbing  in 
churches,  colleges,  social  reform  and  other  agencies  have  been  cited  by 
the  committee,  all  i^owing  the  same  widespread  ignorance  on  the  part 
of  public'  men  and  women  with  r^ard  to  the  pernicious  activities  of 
these  subversive  elements.  This  is  all  the  more  significant  when  it  is 
realised  the  the  governing  bodies  of  such  institutions  are  generally 
from  the  rank  of  our  most  successful  business  men. 

In  so  far  as  this  literature  does  not  incite  to  violence  or  revolu- 
tion, where  it  does  not  proceed  beyond  the  limits  of  permissible 
debate,  its  authors  are  protected  by  the  guaranty  of  a  free  press 
vouchsafed  to  them  by  the  very  constitution  they  are  seeking  to 
destroy.  When  they  go  beyond  that  limit,  it  is  the  duty  of  every 
lover  of  his  country  to  uphold  the  hands  of  our  government 
officials,  and  see  that  such  activities  are  punished  to  the  full 
extent  of  the  law,  and  that  such  agitators  as  are  foreign  born  be 
deported  to  the  place  from  whence  they  came.  But  these  remedies 
are  not  enough.  From  the  foundation  of  our  government  our 
doors  have  been  freely  open  to  the  nations  of  all  Europe.  In  the 
early  days  we  were  the  only  important  state  contending  for  the 
privilege  of  a  change  of  allegiance.  Our  second  war  with  Great 
Britain  very  largely  grew  out  of  contentions  over  that  question. 


OOBDSNIO  A.  SEYBBANQB.  187 

We  have  latterly  placed  some  restriction  upon  the  right  to  come 
to  our  shores,  but  these  Jrestrictions  operate  more  efficiently  to 
control  the  quantity  than  the  quality  of  the  immigrant.  We  have 
been  too  careless  of  the  priceless  value  of  our  heritage.  We  have 
too  freely  received  into  our  citizenship  without  investigation^ 
men  whose  chief  mission  has  been  to  plot  and  agitate  against  the 
free  institutions  xmder  which  they  have  enjoyed  liberty  and  oppor- 
tunity such  as  were  undreamed  of  in  the  lands  of  their  birth.  We 
have  unloaded  and  turned  loose  in  America  great  numbers  of 
men  whose  departure  from  their  native  land  was  for  their  coun- 
try's good.  This  must  end.  The  inquiry  into  the  fitness  of  a 
man  to  become  a  citizen  of  this  republic,  should  begin  before,  not 
after,  he  comes  here.  It  should  not  be  a  perfunctory  inquiry,  but 
as  thorough  as  humanly  possible.  Our  government  should  know 
the  type  of  person  who  presents  himself  as  a  self-invited  guest 
in  our  house.  We  still  have  room  for  the  honest,  industrious  and 
law-loving  from  other  lands.  We  have  no  place  for  any  other.  , 
Forty  years  ago  a  great  American  poet  wrote  these  words : 

Oh  Liberty,  white  Goddess  I    Is  it  well 

To  leave  the  gates  unguarded?    On  thy  breast 

Fold  Sorrow's  children,  soothe  the  hurts  of  fate, 

Lift  the  down-trodden,  but  with  hands  of  steel 

Stay  those  who  to  thv  sacred  portals  come 

To  waste  the  gifts  of  freedom.    Have  a  care 

Lest  from  thy  brow  the  clustered  stars  be  torn 

And  trampled  in  the  dust.   For  so  of  old 

The  thronging  Goth  and  Vandal  trampled  Rome, 

And  where  the  temples  of  the  Csesars  stood 

The  lean  wolf  unmolested  made  her  lair. 

But  mere  prosecutions,  supervision  of  immigration  and  depor- 
tation of  the  imfit  will  not  solve  the  question. 

The  agitator  who  keeps  himself  immime  from  prosecution  by 
confining  his  attacks  upon  our  institutions  to  stirring  up  discon- 
tent, arraying  men  against  their  fellow  citizens,  assailing  the  law 
and  its  ministers  and  denouncing  the  limitations  of  our  constitu- 
tion, may,  in  many  cases  do  more  harm  than  the  anarchist,  the 
very  violence  of  whose  teachings  usually  repels  rather  than  con- 
vinces. Such  men  are  the  curbstone  orators,  the  parlor  socialists 
and  the  like.  They  are  continually  at  work;  they  always  have 
abimdant  time.  All  that  can  be  said  and  all  that  can  be  done  by 
these  apostles  of  destruction  will  go  for  naught  if  the  conscience 
and  intelligence  of  America  ia  aroused  to  the  danger.    A  people 


188  ABDRBSS  OF  THB  PBIKIDBNT. 

who^  in  spite  of  racial  origin^  were  so  fused  into  one  in  the  terrible 
crucible  of  war  when  assailed  from  without,  will  not,  il  awakened, 
permit  either  the  destruction  or  the  diminution  of  that  freedom 
our  fathers  won.  The  laws  we  have  must  be  respected.  Impartial 
justice  must  be  rendered  in  our  courts.  It  must  be  made  clear 
that  personal  ideas  of  government  are  no  excuse  for  crime  and 
that  all  the  power  of  the  states  and  the  nation  will  be  used  to 
insure  the  constitutional  right  of  law-abiding  people  to  live  and 
work  in  peace  and  security.  But  beyond  all  this,  the  assailant 
of  our  free  institutions  must  not  go  imanswered.  The  vast  influ- 
ence of  the  American  Bar  should  be  massed  against  this  challenge 
to  civilization.  In  co-operation  and  harmony  with  other  patriotic 
organizations  we  should  inaugurate  and  carry  on  a  nation-wide 
movement  to  the  end  that  the  men  and  women  of  our  generation 
and  the  youth  of  the  coming  generation  be  shown  the  value  of  that 
liberty  under  the  law  which  our  forefathers  established.  Upon 
the  rostrum,  in  the  press,  and  above  all,  in  our  schools  of  every 
grade,  our  people  should  be  taught  that  our  constitution  and 
laws  and  the  courts  that  interpret  them  do  not  destroy  but  pre- 
serve their  liberties.  Misconceptions  caused  by  lawless  agitators 
should  be  corrected.  Ill-considered  prejudice  must  be  made  to 
give  way  to  reason.  It  should  be  emphasized  that  in  our  free  land 
with  its  laws  made  by  the  people  and  for  the  people  there  is  no 
place  for  so-called  class  consciousness,  and  that  we  will  tolerate 
no  government  by  classes ;  that  universal  suffrage  entails  universal 
responsibility.  By  bringing  home  these  fundamental  truths  we 
shall  be  f aithfiQ  to  our  oaths  to  support  our  incomparable  Consti- 
tution, and  will  make  certain  that  without  impairment  it  will  in 
the  future,  as  in  the  past,  guard  and  save  the  freedom  of  all  our 
people. 


THE  DEVELOPMENT  OF  THE  LAW  OF  WATERS  IN 

THE  WEST. 

BY 

LUCIEN  SHAW, 

CHIEF  JUBTIGB  OF  CAUFOBNIA. 

It  is  necessary  to  define  and  limit  the  subject  of  this  address. 
The  region  known  as  the  West  is  frequently  understood  to 
include  all  the  territory  west  of  the  Allegheny  Mountains. 
This  embraces  at  least  twenty*three  states,  each  haying  laws  on 
nearly  every  subject  relating  to  land  that  are  in  soni«  respects 
different  from  those  of  the  others.  The  part  of  it  which  was 
acquired  from  Mexico  in  1848  by  the  treaty  of  Guadalupe 
Hidalgo  is  divided  into  five  states,  not  including  parts  of 
Colorado  and  Wyonung,  and  each  of  these  also  have  laws  on  the 
subject  that  differ  from  the  others  in  some  particulars.  I  am 
not  familiar  with  the  details  of  these  laws  in  any  of  the  states 
except  California.  It  was  the  state  first  created  out  of  the 
Mexican  acquisition  and  in  it  the  law  of  waters  first  became 
important  enough  to  be  the  subject  of  judicial  decision.  The 
laws  of  the  neighboring  states  have  generally  followed  the  course 
of  dedsion  in  California.  I  shall,  therefore,  confine  myself  to 
the  discussion  of  the  law  of  waters  in  California. 

The  development  of  that  law  in  California  is  a  part  of  the 
history  of  the  development  and  growth  of  the  state.  The  first 
industry  pursued  here,  that  of  placer  mining,  required  the  liberal 
use  of  water  to  separate  the  gold  from  the  soil,  sand  and  gravel 
in  which  it  was  embedded.  It  was  confined*  to  the  mining  re- 
gions. The  later  and  more  widespread  industry  of  agriculture 
required  still  larger  quantities  of  water  to  grow  the  annual  crops, 
trees  and  vines  to  which  the  climate  and  soil  were  so  well  adapted. 

The  recent  use  of  water  to  produce  electrical  energy  adds 
another  valuable  use  to  that  element.  The  increase  in  popula- 
tion and  the  corresponding  increase  in  these  various  industries 
have  produced  a  demand  for  water  which  it  has  taxed  all  possible 
sources  to  supply.    The  controversies  arising  from  these  condi- 

(180) 


190  LAW  OP  WATBES  IN  THB  WEST. 

tions  have  been  taken  to  the  courts  and  have  compelled  decisions 
upon  various  phases  of  the  law  of  waters.  Our  reports  contain 
more  decisions  on  that  subject  than  on  any  other. 

In  determining  this  law  the  courts  have  had  to  take  into 
consideration  the  different  purposes  for  which  water  is  used,  the 
various  methods  of  applying  and  diverting  it,  and  the  different 
sources  from  which  the  water  can  be  obtained^  The  subjects  of 
the  decisions  on  water  law  may  be  classified  as  follows :  1.  The 
use  of  water  for  mining  purposes  on  government  land,  giving 
rise  to  a  peculiar  phase  of  the  development  of  the  law,  which 
terminated  at  the  close  of  the  Civil  War  and  with  the  passage 
of  the  act  of  Congress  in  1866,  presently  to  be  described;  2.  The 
use  of  water  for  the  irrigation  of  land,  and  its  diversion  from 
streams  on  land  in  private  ownership ;  3.  The  extraction  and  use 
of  the  subterranean  supplies  of  water.  Another  uese  has  recently 
begun;  the  inipounding  of  water  in  reservoirs  for  the  double  pur- 
pose of  producing  electrical  energy  and  conserving  the  run-off 
during  the  rainy  season  and  while  the  mountain  snows  are 
melting,  for  use  in  irrigation  after  it  has  passed  through  the 
power  plants.  The  law  with  regard  to  this  use,  in  so  far  as  it 
may  require  any  modification  of  settled  rules,  is  now  in  process 
of  development  and  it  does  not  come  within  the  scope  of  a  paper 
devoted  to  the  past.  The  first  subject  to  be  discussed,  therefore, 
is  the  law  regarding  the  use  of  water  in  the  mining  regions 
during  the  first  sixteen  years  after  the  settlement  of  the  state  in 
1849. 

No  more  spectacular  migration  of  human  beings  was  ever 
known  in  history  than  that  of  1849  from  all  parts  of  the  world 
to  the  gold-bearing  lands  of  California.  They  came  from 
everywhere,  but  chiefly  from  the  eastern  part  of  the  ITnited 
States.  They  found  a  country  different  in  topography,  and  in 
elimatic  conditions,  from  those  from  which  they  came.  All 
were  seeking  gold.  The  only  method  of  obtaining  it  that  was 
feasible,  under  the  existing  circumstances,  was  that  known  as 
placer  mining.  The  miners  began  to  arrive  in  the  summer  of 
1849,  and  they  found  the  streams  very  low,  many  of  them  dry. 
It  was  only  where  streams  were  flowing  that  they  were  able 
to  obtain  any  satisfactory  results  from  their  operations.  As 
their  numbers  increased  from  year  to  year,  the  demand  for 


LUOIBN   SHAW.  191 

ruiming  water  in  the  mining  regions  became  very  great.  Bights 
to  take  water  from  the  streams  soon  became  very  valuable. 
Naturally  disputes  arose  concerning  such  rights. 

The  conditions  were  novel  to  these  people.  There  seemed  to 
be  no  owner  of  the  land.  It  belonged  to  the  United  States^  but 
the  national  government  had  not  even  surveyed  it  aad  had  no 
persons  in  actual  control  of  it.  It  was  all  unoccupied.  There 
was  no  known  law  to  govern  the  rights  of  the  persons  desiring 
to  extract  the  gold  from  the  land  and  use  the  water  for  that 
purpose.  There. was  no  government,  no  law  and  no  authority. 
In  these  circumstances  the  early  adventurers  had  to  form  their 
own  government  and  frame  and  enforce  their  own  laws  in  such 
rude  fashion  as  the  conditions  permitted. 

Those  who  had  come  from  the  eastern  part  of  the  United  States 
were  in  such  numbers  that  they  dominated  the  situation.  Be- 
longing to  the  Anglo-Saxon  race,  being  accustomed  to  conditions 
where  law  and  order  prevailed,  and  finding  themselves  in  a 
r^on  previously  uninhabited  and  without  any  government,  they 
followed  their  natural  habits,  inclinations  and  intuitions,  and 
immediately  sought  to  make  local  regulations  for  the  preserva- 
tion of  law  and  order  and  for  the  protection  of  such  rights  as 
were  generally  recognized,  until  a  provisional  government  should 
be  provided  by  the  United  States.  Mining  districts  were  formed 
and  in  each  of  them  mining  rules  were  adopted  at  meetings  of 
the  inhabitants  of  the  territory  included  in  the  district.  These 
rules  were  generally  accepted  as  law  and  were  enforced  by  such 
informal  tribunals  as  the  inhabitants  instituted  under  the  ex- 
igencies of  each. particular  occasion.  The  regulations  were  not 
precisely  the  same  in  all  districts.  Either  the  different  topog- 
raphy or  the  different  ideas  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  several 
districts  caused  somewhat  different  rules  to  be  adopted  and 
established  in  different  places.  Practically  no  attention  what- 
ever was  given  to  the  subject  of  the  real  ownership  of  the  land 
on  which  the  miners  settled.  No  person  appeared  to  claim 
ownership.  If  the  roving  tribes  of  Indians  found  in  the  country 
had  any  sort  of  possession  or  claim,  the  miners  gave  it  no 
thought,  and  they  were  wholly  disregarded.  The  rights  of  the 
miners  were  those  of  the  possessor,  only,  and  such  possession 

7 


192  LAW   OF  WATERS  IN  THE  WEST. 

was  the  sole  foundation  and  evidence  of  their  title  to  the  land 
they  occupied,  to  the  water  they  used  in  mining,  and  to  the 
gold  which  they  obtained  thereby. 

The  influx  of  population  was  very  rapid.  According  to  Mr. 
Hittell  the  persons  arriving  during  the  year  1849  numbered  one 
hundred  thousand.  He  justly  adds  that  a  large  majority  of 
them  ''were  Americans,  trained  in  American  schools,  imbued 
with  American  principles  and  included  some  of  the  choicest 
spirits  from  every  section  of  the  United  States.^'*  It  soon 
became  evident  that  a  local  government  of  the  territory  should 
be  organized.  General  Bennet  Eiley  had  been  appointed  pro- 
visional governor  by  the  President  of  the  United  States.  In 
pursuance  of  a  proclamation  issued  by  him  a  convention  to 
organize  a  state  government  met  and  prepared  a  constitution 
which  was  ratified  by  popular  vote  on  November  13,  1849.  The 
actual  admission  into  the  union  did  not  take  place  until  Septem- 
ber 9,  1850,  but  the  new  state  government,  without  awaiting 
federal  authority,  immediately  upon  the  adoption  of  the  consti- 
tution, organized  and  took  control  of  local  governmental  affairs. 
No  territorial  government  was  ever  formed  for  California.  The 
judicial  department  provided  by  the  constitution  included  a 
supreme  court  consisting  of  a  chief  justice  and  two  associate 
justices,  all  to  be  elected  by  the  people  for  a  term  of  six  years. 
The  legislature  was  empowered  at  its  first  meeting  to  elect  the 
justices  of  the  court  and  classify  them  so  that  one  should  go  out 
of  oflSce  every  two  years.  Under  this  authority  justices  were 
elected  on  December  22,  1849,  and  they  organized  as  a  court  in 
March,  1850. 

Prior  to  the  treaty  with  Mexico  in  1848,  property  rights  were 
governed  by  Mexican  law.  After  that  treaty  and  until  Cali- 
fornia was  admitted  into  the  union,  the  law  of  Mexico  continued 
in  force  with  respect  to  private  rights  of  property,  except  in  so 
far  as  it  was  changed  by  the  public  authorities  of  this  country.' 
The  first  volume  of  our  reported  cases  contains  many  decisions 
applying  the  Mexican  law  to  past  transactions.  On  April  13, 
1850,  the  legislature  enacted  a  law  declaring  that  the  common 

*  2  Hittell's  Hist,  of  Cal.,  p.  700. 

'People  vs.  Folsom,  5  Cal.  379;  Wells  vs.  Stout,  9  Cal.  494. 


LUOIBN  SHAW^  193 

law  of  England,  so  fax  as  it  was  in  harmony  with  the  state  and 
federal  constitutions,  should  be  the  rule  of  decision  in  this 
state. 

The  Supreme  Court  was  thereupon  confronted  with  the  prob- 
lem of  determining  the  rights  of  contending  parties  to  the  use 
of  the  waters  of  the  streams  in  a  coimtry  which  had  been 
previously  subject  to  the  almost  imknown  law  of  Mexico  and 
which  had  suddenly  been  transformed  into  a  country  governed 
by  the  common  law,  where  the  real  owner  of  the  land  was  for  all 
practical  purposes  absent  and  indifferent,  where  the  people  had 
come  from  different  countries  and  were  strange  to  the  land,  the 
climate  and  to  each  other,  and  where  the  principal  source  of  liti- 
gation in  regard  to  the  use  of  water  was  the  conflicting  claims 
of  miners  to  the  waters  they  were  diverting,  or  claiming  the  right 
to  divert,  from  the  streams  adjacent  to  or  near  their  mining 
claims. 

The  common  law  of  England  included  the  doctrine  of  riparian 
rights;  a  doctrine  naturally  growing  out  of  the  well-known 
principles  of  that  law  as  to  the  right  of  private  property  in 
land  owned  in  fee  simple.  An  entry  on  land  without  permission 
of  such  owner,  whatever  the  motive  or  purpose,  was  a  trespass  at 
common  law,  and  the  owner  had  the  right  to  prevent  it  by  such 
force  as  was  necessary  to  accomplish  that  purpose.  Conse- 
quently, except  with  respect  to  navigable  streams,  the  several 
owners  of  the  lands  bordering  upon  the  streams  were,  under  that 
law,  the  only  persons  who  could  have  or  enjoy  the  use  of  the 
water  rimning  therein,  or  claim  any  right  thereto,  for  no  other 
person  could  have  access  to  the  stream  either  to  take  or  use  the 
water.  These  rules  automatically  protected  the  abutting  owners 
in  the  exclusive  right  to  the  use  of  the  water,  and  they  are  the 
foundation  of  the  riparian  right.  But  in  this  strange  country 
the  owner  of  the  land,  apparently  by  design,  remained  absent 
and  refrained  from  interfering  with  the  possession  of  the  land 
by  the  miners,  or  with  the  use  of  the  waters  thereof.  The 
disputes  were  all  raised  by  persons  who  had  no  real  ownership 
in  the  water  which  they  were  using,  and  of  which,  by  virtue 
of  that  use,  they  claimed  to  be  in  possession,  and  the  real  owner 
was  not  brought  into  the  controversy.  The  problem  of  the 
court  was  therefore  directed  mainly  to  the  best  and  most  appro- 


194  LAW  OP  WATERS  IN  THE.  WEST. 

priate  application  of  the  general  principles  of  the  common  law  to 
the  anomalous  conditions  existing  in  the  mining  r^ons,  con- 
ditions wholly  unknown  in  the  countries  in  which,  up  to  that  time, 
the  common  law  had  been  administered.  There  were  no  specific 
common  law  rules  that  had  ever  been  applied  in  those  countries 
to  the  peculiar  conditions  and  controversies  existing  and  arising 
in  the  mining  regions  of  California,  and  the  only  recourse  was  to 
its  general  principles  relating  to  possessory  rights. 

The  right  of  a  person  who  did  own  land  on  a  stream,  to 
divert  water  therefrom  for  use  on  non-riparian  land,  had  re- 
ceived little  attention  and  satisfactory  authority  upon  that  siib- 
ject  was  wanting.  The  laws  of  Mexico  on  the  subject  were  not 
well  known  and  its  safeguards  for  the  protection  of  private 
rights,  being  derived  in  the  main  from  the  arbitrary  methods 
of  the  ancient  Spanish  rule,  were  not  adapted  to  the  habits  and 
preconceived  ideas  of  Anglo-Saxon  races.  The  rights  of  pos- 
sessors of  the  land  gave  comparatively  little  trouble.  In  the 
first  year  the  court  held  that  the  Mexican  law  and  the  com- 
mon law  alike  secured  to  one  who  was  in  peaceable  possession  of 
land  a  right  thereto  superior  to  that  of  any  mere  intruder  or 
trespasser  and  that  proof  of  such  possession  prior  to  and  at  the 
time  of  an  intrusion  thereon  was  sufficient  to  defeat  or  oust  the 
intruder.'  The  question  of  water  rights  was  naturally  more 
complex.  Three  years  passed  before  any  disputes  over  water 
reached  the  Supreme  Court.  The  first  case  on  that  subject, 
decided  in  1853,*  was  a  controversy  between  two  appropriators 
for  mining  purposes.  Neither  claimed  as  a  riparian  owner.  The 
court  nevertheless  looked  to  the  common  law  authorities  on 
riparian  rights  and  found  there  the  doctrine  that  the  riparian 
owner  had  the  right  to  the  reasonable  use  of  the  water  during  its 
passage  over  his  land,  and  no  title  to  the  corpus  of  the  water, 
and  that  he  could  not  reclaim  the  water  after  it  had  passed  his 
boundaries.  From  these  principles  it  concluded  that  where  a 
miner  diverted  water  from  one  stream  and,  after  using  it  for 
mining  purposes,  turned  it  into  another  stream,  he  thereby  lost 
all  right  to  it  and  could  not  retake  it  from  the  second  stream 

"Sunol  VB,  Hepburn,  1  Cal.  260;  Woodworth  vs.  Fulton,  1  Cal.  308; 
Brown  vs,  O'Connor,  1  Cal.  421. 
*  Eddy  V9,  Simpson,  3  Cal.  249. 


LtTOIBir  dHAW.  19S 

agamst  the  will  of  another  miner  whose  dam  waa  on  the  second 
stream  below  the  place  where  the  additional  water  waa  turned 
into  it.  This  decision  was  apparently  baaed  on  the  idea  that 
the  mert  turning  of  the  water  into  another  stream,  after  having 
once  used  it,  was  conclusive  evidence  of  abandonment^  and  that 
it  gave  one  who  had  prior  rights  to  divert  the  natural  waters 
of  the  latter  stream  a  right  to  have  that  artificial  increase 
continued  for  his  benefit.  Five  years  later  this  decision  was 
virtually  overruled  and  it  was  declared  that  the  prior  right  to  the 
use  of  the  natural  water  of  a  stream  did  not  entitle  the  person  to 
the  exclusive  use  of  the  channel,  and  that  the  bed  of  the  stream 
could  be  used  by  others  as  a  channel  for  conducting  water 
provided  that  they  took  out  below  no  more  than  the  quantity 
they  had  added  to  the  stream  above,  less  the  loss  by  evaporation 
and  seepage/    This  has  ever  since  been  the  established  law. 

The  difficulties  encountered  by  the  court  in  its  consideration 
of  these  questions  are  expressed  in  some  of  the  opinions.  Some 
of  those  expressions  are  interesting.  In  the  second  case  on  the 
subject,  decided  in  January,  1855,*  Justice  Heydenfelt  deliver- 
ing the  opinion  of  the  court,  said:  *'In  this  state  the  larger 
paxt  of  the  territory  consists  of  mineral  lands,  nearly  the  whole 
of  which  axe  the  property  of  the  public,'*  and  with  obvious  refer- 
ence to  the  rules  and  customs  of  the  miners  he  added : 

With  the  exception  of  certain  state  regulations,  very  limited  in  their 
character,  a  system  has  been  permitted  to  grow  up  by  the  voluntary 
action  and  assent  of  the  population,  whose  free  and  unrestrained  occupa- 
tion of  the  mineral  region  has  been  tacitly  assented  to  by  the  one  gov- 
ernment and  heartily  encouraged  by  the.  legislative  policy  of  the  other. 
If  there  are,  as  must  be  admitted,  many  things  connected  with  this 
system,  which  are  crude -and  undigested,  and  subject  to  fluctuation  and 
cuspute,  there  are  still  some  which  a  universal  sense  of  necessity  and 
propriety  have  so  firmly  fixed  as  that  they  have  come  to  be  lookea  upon 
as  having  the  force  and  effect  of  res  judicata. 

In  a  case  decided  two  years  later,*  Chief  Justice  Murray  said 

that  the  former  decisions  in  regard  to  the  right  to  appropriate 

water  from  streams  for  mining  purposes  *'  have  been  based  upon 

the  wants  of  the  community  and  the  peculiar  condition  of  things 

in  this  state  (for  which  there  is  no  precedent),  rather  than 

any  absolute  rule  of  law  governing  such  cases.    The  absence  of 

•Butte,  etc.  Co.  vs,  Vaughn,  11  Cal.  151;  Hoffman  vs.  Stone,  7  Cal.  46. 

*  Irwin  vs.  Phillips,  5  Cal.  146. 

*  Hoffman  vs.  Stone,  7  Cal.  48. 


196  LAW  OF  WATBfiS   IN  THE  WEST. 

legislation  has  devolyed  on  the  courts  the  necessity  of  framing 
rules  for  the  protection  of  this  great  interest^  and  in  determin- 
ing these  questions,  we  have  conformed^  as  nearly  as  possible^  to 
the  analogies  of  the  common  law/'  Later  in  the  same  y^sx,  in  a 
case  involving  the  respective  rights  of  successive  appropriators 
from  the  same  stream^  and  the  pollution  of  the  water  by  the 
upper  appropriator^  Justice  Burnett  made  a  fuller  statement 
on  the  subject  as  follows : 

It  may  be  said,  with  truth,  that  the  judiciaiy  of  this  state,  has  had 
thrown  upon  it,  responsibilities  not  incurred  by  the  courts  of  any  other 
state  in  the  union.  In  addition  to  those  perplexing  cases  that  must 
arise,  in  the  nature  of  things,  and  especially  in  putting  into  pifustical 
operation,  a  new  constitution  and  a  new  cocie  of  statutes,  we  have  had 
a  large  class  of  cases,  unknown  in  the  jurisprudence  of  our  sister  states. 
The  mining  interest  of  the  state  has  grown  up  under  the  force  of  new 
and  extraordinary  circumstances  and  in  the  absence  of  any  specific 
and  certain  legislation  to  guide  us.  Left  without  any  direct  precedent, 
as  well  as  without  specific  legislation,  we  have  been  compeUed  to  apply 
to  this  anomalous  state  of  things  the  analogies  of  the  common  law,  and 
the  more  expanded  principles  of  equitable  justice.  There  being  no 
known  ^y8tem  existing  at  the  beginning,  parties  were  left  without  anv 
certain  guide,  and  for  that  reason,  have  placed  themselves  in  such 
conflicting  positions  that  it  is  impossible  to  render  any  decision  that  will 
not  produce  great  injury,  not  only  to  the  parties  immediately  con- 
nected with  the  suit,  but  to  large  bodies  of  men,  who,  though  no 
formal  parties  to  the  record,  must  be  deeply  affected  by  the  decision. 
No  class  of  cases  can  arise  more  difficult  of  a  just  solution,  or  more 
distressing  in  practical  result.  And  the  present  is  one  of  the  most  difficult 
of  that  most  perplexing  class  of  cases.  The  business  of  gold-mining 
was  not  only  new  to  our  people;  and  the  cases  arising  from  it,  new  to 
our  courts,  and  without  judicial  or  legislative  precedent,  either  in  our 
own  country  or  in  that  from  which  we  nave  borrowed  our  jurisprudence; 
but  there  are  intrinsic  difficulties  in  the  subject  itself,  that  it  is  almost 
impossible  to  settle  satisfactorily,  even  by  the  application  to  them  of 
the  abstract  principles  of  justice.  Yet  we  are  compelled  to  decide  these 
cases,  because  they  must  be  settled  in  some  way,  whether  we  can  say 
after  it  is  done,  that  we  have  given  a  just  decision  or  not.* 

The  decision  was  that  the  incidental  pollution  of  the  water  by 
the  upper  appropriator  in  his  mining  operations,  to  the  detri- 
ment of  the  lower,  one  was  not  an  actionable  injury.  In  the 
case  next  following  it  in  that  volume  of  the  reports,  the  decision 
was  overruled  on  this  point,  and  Justice  Burnett,  in  concurring 
therein,  stated  that  the  opinion  in  the  first  case  ^'  should  receive 
some  qualification/'  * 

During  the  period  preceding  the  year  1866  large  diversions  of 
water  had  been  made  from  the  streams  of  the  mining  regions  in 

•  Bear  River  Co.  vs,  York  Mining  Co.,  8  Cal.  332. 
'  Hill  V8,  King,  8  Cal.  338. 


LUCIBN  SHAW.  197 

this  state,  canals  many  miles  in  length  had  been  constructed  to 
carry  the  water  to  the  place  of  use  or  to  sell  it  to  the  miners 
along  its  course^  great  sums  of  money  had  been  invested  and 
property  had  been  acquired  which  was  of  great  value,  if  the  pos- 
sessors had  a. valid  title  thereto.  This  was  done  in  reliance  upon 
the  general  understanding  of  all  concerned  that  the  United 
States,  as  the  owner  of  the  land,  acquiesced  in  these  uses  of  its 
property  and  would  not  interfere  to  take  it  away  from  those 
who  had  thus  occupied,  developed  and  improved  it,  or  deprive 
them  of  the  products  of  their  efforts.  As  a  result  of  the  labors 
of  the  courts  under  the  difficult  conditions  just  referred  to  a 
system  of  law  had  been  established  and  waa  being  administered, 
whereby  the  rights  of  appropriators  of  water  from  the  streams 
on  the  public  land,  as  between  claimants  not  in  privity  with  the 
riparian  owner,  were  considered  and  determined  in  a  reasonably 
satisfactory  manner. 

The  principles  so  established  during  this  period  may  be  stated 
generally  as  follows :  The  waters  of  these  streams  on  the  public 
lands  of  the  United  States  were  all  subject  to  appropriation  at 
any  time  by  any  person  who  proposed  to  devote  the  water  so 
taken  to  a  beneficial  use.  The  miJdng  of  a  diversion  with  such 
intent  and  for  such  purpose  would  vest  in  the  diverter,  at 
once,  the  right  to  use  the  water.  No  length  of  time  of  such  use 
was  essential  to  the  acquisition  of  the  right.  The  water  was 
treated  as  property  having  no  owner.  The  rights  of  the  United 
States  as  riparian  owner  of  the  abutting  lands  were  completely 
ignored.  With  respect  to  contending  appropriators  of\water 
from  the  same  stream,  he  who  was  first  in  time  was  considered 
superior  in  right.  Such  right  vested  by  relation  aa  of  the  time 
when  the  appropriator  began  the  actual  work  of  constructing  his 
diversion  works  and  ditch  for  that  purpose,  provided  the  work 
was  done  in  such  a  manner  as  to  be  visible  and  to  manifest  to 
others  his  intent  and  purpose  to  prosecute  the  work  to  com- 
pletion," and  provided  further,  that  he  did  so  and  actually  took 
and  used  the  water.  The  right  so  obtained  was  a  right  to  only 
so  much  of  the  water  as  was  beneficially  used.  The  owner  of 
such  right  was  entitled  at  any  time  to  change  the  place  of 

"Kelly  vs.  Natoma  W.  Co.,  6  Cal.  105;  Kimball  vs,  Gearhart,  12 
Cal.  27. 


IBS  LAW   OF   WATERS   IN   THE  WEST. 

diversion  or  the  place  of  use,  if  the  rights  of  others  were  not 
impaired  thereby.  These  principles  have  not  been  changed  by 
subsequent  decisions. 

The  existence  of  riparian  rights  was  recognized  by  the  court 
in  a  few  cases  where  a  reference  thereto  seemed  appropriate,  or 
where  the  law  on  that  subject  illustrated  the  particular  case; 
but  no  case  had  arisen  in  which  that  law  was  considered  as  ina- 
portant  to  the  decision." 

The  titles  to  all  this  valuable  property  were  not  settled  by 
the  decisions  of  the  state  court.  No  statute  of  limitations  would 
run  against  the  United  States,  nor  could  title  by  prescription  be 
acquired  against  it  by  any  period  of  adverse  possession.  The 
large  interests  in  property  of  this  character  would  have  been  in 
great  jeopardy,  if  the  federal  government  had  chosen  a  policy 
of  hostility  to  the  taking  of  gold  from  its  lands  such  as  has 
since  been  manifested  with  respect  to  the  taking  of  coal  and  oil. 
Fortunately  for  the  miners,  and  for  the  development  and  pro- 
gress of  the  State  of  California,  a  diflerent  policy  was  adopted. 
On  July  26,  1866,  Congress  enacted  a  law  recognizing  the 
possession  of  the  miners  as  lawful,  virtually  acquiescing  in  the 
previous  extraction  of  gold  from  the  lands  of  the  United  States, 
and,  so  far  as  thes6  lands  and  the  United  States  were  concerned, 
sanctioning  and  declaring  lawful  the  claims  to  water  rights  then 
acquired  or  thereafter  to  be  acquired  in  the  streams  on  the 
public  lands,  provided  such  claims  were  of  a  character  which 
had  been  ^'recognized  and  acknowledged  by  the  local  customs, 
laws,  and  the  decisions  of  the  courts.^^ "  By  the  supplementary 
act  of  July  9,  1870,  it  was  provided  that  all  homestead  and 
preemption  claims,  and  all  patents  granted  for  public  land^ 
should  be  subject  to  rights  then  or  thereafter  acquired  as  speci- 
fied in  the  act  of  1866." 

By  these  acts  all  conflict  between  the  claimants  of  water 
under  appropriation  from  streams  on  the  public  land  and  the 
United  States  as  owner  of  the  land  bordering  on  the  streams, 
was  eliminated  and  terminated,  and  the  danger  of  interference 
with  such  rights  by  the  federal  government  was  removed. 

"Crandall  v«.  Woods,  8  Cal.  141;  Leigh  vs.  Independent  D.  Co.,  8 
Cal.  323. 
"  16  U.  S.  Stats.  218,  Sec.  17. 
"  16  U.  S.  Stats.  218,  Sec.  17. 


LUCIEN   SHAW.  199 

These  acts  mark  the  termination  of  the  first  stage  of  the 
development  of  water  law  in  California.  The  law  as  then  estab- 
lished related  almost  entirely  to  the  use  of  water  taken  from 
streams  on  the  public  domain  for  mining  purposes.  The  use  of 
water  for  irrigation  was  of  little  importance  in  the  mining 
regions.  The  value  of  the  alluyial  soils  in  the  large  and  com- 
paratively level  valleys  of  the  state  for  agricultural  purposes 
was  then  just  beginning  to  be  realized.  They  had  been  gener- 
ally supposed  to  be  valuable  only  for  grazing  and  a  little  later 
only  for  grain  farming.  In  a  few  places  vineyards  had  been 
planted  to  grow  grapes  for  making  wine,  and  in  southern 
California  irrigation  had  been  practiced  to  a  limited  extent  for 
growing  fruit.  There  had  been  enough  water  for  the  small  needs 
of  this  character,  and  the  relative  rights  thereto  of  the  riparian 
owner  and  the  appropriator  for  use  on  other  lands  had  not  as 
yet  become  important. 

About  .this  time  a  class  of  immigrants  began  to  arrive  who  in- 
tended to  engage  in  agriculture.  In  a  few  years  the  value  of 
water  for  irrigation,  and  the  necessity  of  irrigation  for  the 
production  of  anything  except  grain  became  manifest,  especially 
in  the  San  Joaquin  Valley,  and  in  southern  California,  Henry 
Miller  and  his  partner  Lux,  known  as  Miller  &  Lux,  had 
acquired  large  bodies  of  land  in  Kern  County  in  the  San  Joaquin 
Valley.  James  B.  Haggin  and  Lloyd  Tevis  had  also  acquired  a 
large  area  of  land  in  that  county.  Haggin  and  Tevis  began  to 
construct  canals  for  taking  out  the  water  of  Kern  River  to 
irrigate  lands  not  riparian  thereto.  The  lands  of  Miller  &  Lux 
were  lower  down  and  bordered  on  the  stream  or  on  sloughs 
diverging  from  it,  and  the  diversions  of  Haggin  and  Tevis 
diminished  the  flow  of  the  water  of  the  stream  to  the  Miller  & 
Lux  lands,  on  which  they  had  begun  to  use  it  to  irrigate  their 
lands  for  alfalfa  and  other  crops.  Along  Elings  River,  the  next 
important  stream  emerging  from  the  mountains  north  of  the 
Kern,  large  canals  were  made  and  water  diverted  therein  to 
non-riparian  lands  for  irrigation,  and  colonies  of  fruit  farmers 
had  been  established  along  the  canals.  The  course  of  the 
decisions  above  mentioned  in  regard  to  the  rights  of  appro- 
priators,  and  the  long  continued  practice  in  the  mining  regions 
of  diverting  water  from  the  streams  without  asking  leave  from 


200  LAW  OP  WATERS  IN  THE  WEST. 

the  riparian  owner,  had  accustomed  the  people  to  the  notion  that 
riparian  rights  were  not  important,  and  the  idea  had  become 
prevalent  that  they  were  not  suited  to  our  conditions  and  had 
therefore  ceased  to  exist.  The  Civil  Code,  enacted  in  1872,  in  a 
chapter  on  that  subject,  had  codified  some  of  the  rules  of  law 
previously  established,  regulating  the  right  to  appropriate  the 
water  of  running  streams.^  The  last  section  of  the  chapter 
recognized  the  existence  of  riparian  rights  by  the  declaration  that 
''the  rights  of  riparian  proprietors  are  not  affected  by  the 
provisions  of  this  title.''  Litigation  between  the  riparian  owners 
and  the  appropriators  had  begun  in  the  coimties  of  Tulare  and 
Fresno,  over  the  waters  of  Kings  River,  and  in  the  county  of 
Kern  between  Haggin  and  Tevis  and  others,  claiming  as  ap- 
propriators, and  Miller  &  Lux,  with  others,  claiming  as  riparian 
owners.  The  action  between  the  last  mentioned  parties  was 
begun  in  the  year  1879,"  and  the  other  actions  soon  afterward. 
The  importance  of  the  question,  the  very  large  interests  in- 
volved, and  the  growing  demand  for  water,  soon  caused  the 
controversy  to  develop  into  a  political  contest.  The  great  wealth 
of  the  parties  to  the  action  in  Kern  County  had  tiie  effect  of 
centering  the  political  discussion  upon  that  case.  The  discovery 
that  Section  1422  of  the  Civil  Code  apparently  purported  to 
preserve  the  existing  but  almost  forgotten  riparian  rights,  direc- 
ted the  main  political  attack  to  the  repeal  of  that  section. 
Shortly  before  the  beginning  of  the  political  campaign  of  1884, 
the  case  of  Lux  V8,  Haggin  in  Kern  County  was  decided  by  the 
Superior  Court  of  that  county  in  favor  of  the  appropriators, 
Haggin  and  Tevis.  Both  of  the  contending  parties  doubtless 
believed  that  the  political  aspect  of  the  case  was  important, 
and  others  throughout  the  state,  especially  in  other  parts  of  the 
San  Joaquin  Valley  and  in  southern  California,  were  soon 
advised  of  it.  The  litigants  perhaps  hoped  that  the  political 
agitation  might  influence  the  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court, 
where  the  case  was  then  pending  on  appeal.  Public-  sentiment, 
so  far  as  it  found  expression  in  1884,  was  entirely  in  favor 
of  the  appropriators.  Conventions  were  held  and  resolutions 
adopted  condemning  the  doctrine  of  riparian  rights  and  Section 

»*  Part  IV,  Title  VHI,  Sees.  1410-1422. 

"*  Title  Ins.  Co.  vs.  Miller  &  Lux,  183  Cal.  74. 


LUOIBN   SHAW.  201 

1422.  The  discuesionB  in  general  indicated  that^  in  the  usual 
superficial  method  of  reaching  conclusions,  the  people  believed 
that  the  sole  foundation  of  the  riparian  right  was  the  enact- 
ment of  that  section.  An  urgent  demand  was  made  to  elect 
members  of  the  legislature  pledged  to  repeal  it.  The  more 
absorbing  interest  of  the  people  in  the  Presidential  election  of 
that  year  probably  frustrated  that  effort.  At  all  events,  the 
legislators  then  elected,  although  pressed  to  act  in  the  matter, 
failed  to  do  so  and  Section  1422  remained  on  the  statute  books. 
The  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court  in  the  case  of  Lux  vs. 
Haggin  was  rendered  on  April  26,  1886.^  There  had  been 
several  previous  decisions  in  which  the  existence  of  riparian 
rights  had  been  declared  and  in  which  such  rights  had  been 
enforced/^  but  there  had  been  no  serious  dispute  on  the  subject, 
the  cases  had  not  attracted  public  attention,  and  it  was  not 
believed  that  the  court  would  adhere  to  the  previous  rulings 
on  the  principle  of  stare  decisis,  especially  in  view  of  the  general 
discussion  of  the  subject  in  1884.  Probably  no  case  ever  came 
before  the  Supreme  Court  of  California  that  was  more  fully 
argued  or  in  which  counsel  of  greater  ability  were  engaged  on 
the  respective  sides.  The  opinion  was  exceedingly  exhaustive, 
covering  176  pages  of  the  printed  report.  It  is  the  longest 
opinion  to  be  found  in  the  decisions  of  our  Supreme  Court,  and 
it  elaborately  treated  every  phase  of  the  subject.  It  declared 
that  the  rights  of  the  riparian  owners  to  the  use  of  the  waters 
of  the  abutting  stream  were  paramoimt  to  the  rights  of  any  other 
persons  thereto;  that  such  rights  were  parcel  of  the  land  and 
that  any  diminution  of  the  stream  against  the  will  of  the 
riparian  owner  by  other  persons  was  an  actionable  injury.  The 
question  was  settled  by  that  case  and  the  riparian  rights  has 
never  since  been  disputed. 

If  the  doctrine  of  the  riparian  right  had  been  strictly  enforced 
in  all  cases  by  the  abutting  land  owners,  it  is  obvious  that  it 
would  have  prevented  all  use  of  the  waters  of  streams  passing 
through  lands  in  private  ownership,  or  any  non-riparian  land. 

The  rightful  use  of  such  waters  on  non-riparian  land  would  have 

f 

"69  Cal.  263  to  439. 

'^Creiditon  vs.  Evans,  53  Cal.  55;  Osgood  vs.  El  Dorado  W.  Mining 
Co.,  56  Cal.  574;  Zimmler  vs.  San  Luis  W.  Co.,  57  Cal.  221;  St.  Helena 
W.  Co.  vs.  Forbes,  62  Cal.  182. 


202  LAW  OP  WATERS   IN  THB  WEST, 

been  impossible^  for  such  land  owners  could  not  lawfully  take 
out  the  water  without  infringing  upon  the  right  of  every  ripa^ 
rian  owner  along  the  stream  to  have  the  water  flow  as  it  was 
accustomed  to  flow.  The  opponents  of  the  doctrine  of  riparian 
rights  had  pointed  out  these  results  with  much  emphasis  and 
repetition  in  the  political  campaigns  prior  to  the  decision  in 
Lux  vs.  Haggin,  and  they  are  still  referred  to  as  evidence  that 
the  doctrine  is  contrary  to  a  sound  public  policy  in  states  having 
the  arid  climate  of  Galifomia.  The  obvious  answer  on  the  ques- 
tion of  policy  is  that  the  objection  cox^es  too  late^  that  it  should 
have  been  made  to  the  legislature  in  1850,  prior  to  the  enactment 
of  the  statute  adopting  the  common  law.  When  that  was  done, 
the  riparian  rights  became  vested^  and  thereupon  the  much  more 
important  public  policy  of  protecting  the  right  of  private 
property,  because  paramount  and  controlling.  This  policy  is 
declared  in  our  constitutions,  has  been  adhered  to  throughout 
our  national  history,  and  it  is  through  it  that  the  remarkable 
progress  and  development  of  the  country  has  been  made  possible. 
Notwithstanding  the  existence  of  these  vested  rights,  there 
has  been  a  very  general  use  of  water  on  non-riparian  land. 
This  has  been  made  possible  by  several  causes.  The  most 
important  and  effective  cause  of  a  legal  nature  is  the  common 
law  rule,  now  expressed  in  Section  1007  of  the  Civil  Code,  tfa^ 
a  title  by  prescription,  good  against  all  owners  of  private 
property,  may  be  acquired  by  adverse  occupancy  for  the  period 
of  limitation  which  in  this  state  has  been  flve  years.  -Other 
causes  arise  from  natural  conditions.  Any  person  who  does  not 
own  land  on  a  stream  may  obtain  access  to  the  water  thereof  by 
purchasing  the  right  to  do  so  from  the  owner  of  any  parcel  of 
riparjan  land.  Usually  the  banks  of  the  larger  streams  are  so 
high  that  the  owner  of  a  small  tract  cannot  bring  the  water  upon 
his  land,  except  by  a  diversion  on  land  above  him,  to  whidi  of 
course  he  must  have  the  consent  of  the  owner  thereof.  Such 
owners  frequently  made  little  use  of  the  water  for  irrigation  and 
were  indifferent  to  Iheir  riparian  rights  therein.  Hence  they 
usually  made  no  objection  to  a  diversion  therefrom  until  five 
years  had  elapsed.  The  large  diversions,  almost  without  excep- 
tion^ have  been  made  near  the  point  of  emergence  of  the  streams 
from  the  mountains,  where  land  had  little  value  for  any  purpose. 


L0OIBK  SHAW.  203 

and  where  the  diversion  would  have  little  effect  on  the  land  near 
by  and  were  so  far  from  the  land  seriously  affected  thereby  that 
they  provoked  no  immediate  opposition.  In  these  ways  and  for 
these  reasons,  innumerable  prescriptive  rights  to  the  use  of  the 
water  of  streams  have  been  acquired  from  the  riparian  owners  of 
private  land,  either  without  objection,  or  by  successful  litiga- 
tion. As  a  net  result  the  irrigated  land  in  the  state  is  almost  all 
non-riparian>  and  the  existence  of  the  riparian  right  has  not 
prevented  the  beneficial  use  of  the  greater  part  of  the  waters 
of  the  streams. 

The  dedsicms  of  water  suits  for  many  years  following  the  case 
of  Lux  V8.  Haggin  have  dealt,  for  the  most  part,  with  the  law 
of  adverse  possession,  the  interpretation  and  application  of  the 
aforesaid  chapter  of  the  Civil  C!ode,  the  application  of  the 
principles  of  these  laws  to  the  particular  facts  presented  in  each 
case,  and  to  definitions  of  the  distinctions  between  the  rights  of 
riparian  owners  and  the  rights  of  persons  claiming  only  by  ap- 
propriation and  use.  Many  rules  of  more  or  less  importance  on 
these  subjects  have  been  established,  but  they  do  not  essentially 
differ  from  the  generally  prevailing  law  on  the  subject  and  a 
discussion  of  them  is  unnecessary. 

I  now  come  to  the  third  branch  of  my  subject ;  the  law  relating 
to  underground  waters. 

This  question  first  became  important  in  southern  California, 
by  which  I  mean  the  region  south  of  the  Tehachipi  range  of 
mountains.  The  influx  of  population  and  the  demand  for 
water  for  irrigation  of  orchards  in  that  part  of  the  state  began 
to  exhaust  the  supply  from  the  surface  streams  more  than 
thirty  years  ago  and  large  areas  of  fertile  land  still  remained 
barren  for  want  of  water.  That  country,  and  in  fact  all  of  Cali- 
fornia, is  interspersed  with  places  which  the  Spanish  call  cien- 
egas,  where  in  the  rainy  season  of  ordinary  years,  and  all  the 
year  round  in  some  of  them  during  years  of  heavy  rainfall,  the 
surface  of  the  ground  has  the  appearance  of  a  swamp.  These  are 
in  reality  ancient  lakes  which  in  the  course  of  ages  have  been 
filled  with  the  sand,  soil,  gravel  and  boulders  that  have  been 
carried  into  them  by  the  mountain  torrents,  or  perhaps  in  some 
cases  by  glacial  action.  The  loose  material  of  which  they  are 
composed  is  usually  of  great  depth  and  is  saturated  with  water. 


304  LAW   OF   WATERS   IN   THE  WEST. 

They  are  natural  reservoirs  of  water.  'The  surface  streams  flow 
oyer  deep  beds  of  similar  material,  permeated  with  water  from 
the  bottom  to  the  level  of  the  surface  of  the  stream,  and  this 
body  of  underground  water,  in  such  cases^  supports  the  stream 
and  is  necessary  to  its  existence.  From  these  sources  it  was 
possible  to  obtain  a  large  addition  to  the  supply  of  water.  When 
the  average  amount  pumped  out  of  the  ground  does  not  exceed 
the  amount  added  to  it  by  the  average  annual  rainfall,  such 
supply  is  steady  and  reliable.  If  it  is  taken  from  one  of  the 
underground  reservoirs  from  which  no  surface  stream  issued 
there  is  no  limit  to  the  amount  that  could  be  pumped,  except 
that  it  must  not  exceed  the  average  supply  from  rainfall.  But 
if  it  were  taken  from  the  undergroimd  water  supporting  a 
stream,  it  would  inevitably  diminish  the  flow  of  the  stream,  to 
the  detriment  of  those  entitled  to  its  use. 

The  shortage  of  water  and  the  increasing  demand  soon  induced 
the  use  of  piunps  to  obtain  from  these  sources  an  additional 
supply.  At  first  this  was  done  in  a  small  way  with  pumps  driven 
by  windmills.  The  perfection  of  the  gasoline  engine  and  later 
the  development  of  electric  power,  made  it  possible  to  obtain  a 
large  supply  with  sufficient  economy  of  operation  to  make  it 
practicable. 

The  subterranean  strata  in  which  these  waters  lie  are  com- 
posed chiefly  of  sand  and  gravel  in  which  the  water  moves 
freely  from  place  to  place  when  impelled  by  the  force  of  gravity. 
Consequently,  if  water  is  pumped  from  a  well  in  such  a  stratum, 
a  flow  from  the  adjacent  parts  would  set  in  at  once  to  fill  the 
voids  thus  created.  Pumping  from  one  well  would  sometimes 
materially  lower  the  water  level  in  another  well  a  mile  distant. 
In  some  places  the  water  in  these  underground  strata  came  from 
higher  levels  in  a  layer  of  sand  and  gravel  overlaid  by  a  striatum 
of  impervious  material,  thus  creating  a  pressure  which  forced  the 
water  to  the  surface  when  the  dense  covering  layer  was  pierced 
by  a  well,  and  by  that  means  artesian  wells  would  be  produced. 
The  flow  from  these  wells  would  cease  if  too  many  wells  were 
opened  to  the  same  source. 

It  is  not  difficult  to  perceive  that  these  conditions  would 
naturally  cause  conflicts  of  interest  in  this  water  supply  and 
thus  engender  litigation.     The  first  case  of  importance  that 


LUOIBN  SHAW.  205 

arose  concerned  the  preserration  of  the  flow  of  water  in  the 
Los  Angeles  Biver^  which  then  constituted  the  sole  source  of 
supply  of  the  City  of  Los  Angeles  for  the  uses  of  its  inhabitants. 
A  private  company  proposed  to  construct  tunnels  and  filtration 
galleries  in  what  is  practically  the  bed  of  that  river,  the  effect 
of  which  would  be  that,  without  directly  touching  the  surface 
stream  or  tunnelling  immediately  under  it,  the  water  composing 
the  stream  would  seep  through  the  sand  and  gravel  into  the 
tunnels  and  the  stream  would  in  that  manner  be  wholly  diverted 
into  the  tunnels.  The  process  was  enjoined  by  the  Superior 
Court.  The  matter  was  settled  and  that  case  did  not  reach  the 
Supreme  Court.  The  same  question,  however,  came  up  in  a 
later  case  between  the  dty  and  other  parties  and  the  Supreme 
Court  decided  that,  under  the  grant  to  the  ancient  pueblo  of 
Los  Angeles  to  which  the  present  city  had  succeeded,"  the 
right  of  the  city  to  the  water  of  the  river  was  paramount  to  that 
of  the  owners  of  the  riparian  land  along  its  course,  and  that 
the  owner  of  such  land  could  not  lawfully  diminish  the  flow  of 
the  stream  by  means  of  excavations  in  the  land  adjacent  thereto, 
although  the  water  was  not  taken  directly  from  the  stream,  but 
seeped  through  the  loose  formation  of  sand  and  gravel  into  the 
excavations."  This  rule  has  been  followed  ever  since  in  all 
cases  where  persons  having  rights  in  a  natural  stream  were 
threatened  with  injury  by  the  extraction  of  the  percolating 
water  which  sustained  and  supported  the  stream  in  its  flow." 

The  rights  to  underground  waters  in  the  land  of  different 
owners  situated  over  an  ancient  lake  or  basin  also  became  a 
source  of  controversy  because  the  pumping  of  large  quantities 
of  water  from  one  well  lowered  the  water  level  in  other  wells  in 
the  same  basin.  The  subject  first  came  before  the  court  in  the 
year  1902.  The  question  had  been  growing  in  importance  for 
several  years  before  that  date.  When  the  decision  was  first 
rendered  in  November,  1902,  it  attracted  the  attention  of  many 
other  interested  parties.  A  rehearing  was  granted  for  the  pur- 
pose of  allowing  further  discussion  by  others  having  larger  in- 
terests at  stake.     Many  additional  briefs  were  filed  and  the 

*■  Vemon  Lt.  Co.  V8.  Lob  Angeles,  106  Cal.  237. 
^Lo6  Angeles  vs,  Pomeroy,  124  Cal.  621. 

"  McClintock  V8.  Hudson,  141  Cal.  621 ;  Verdugo  vs.  Verdugo,  152  Cal. 
663;  Huffner  vs,  Sawday,  153  Cal.  93. 


206  LAW  OP  WATBR8  IN  THB  WEST. 

final  dedBion  was  not  made  until  November^  1903.  The  preyiotiB 
opinion  was  adhered  to  and  approved  and  a  supplemental  opinion 
was  rendered  giving  additional  reasons  for  the  conclusion 
reached." 

As  the  doctrine  of  the  case  is  now  regarded  as  settled,  a 
statement  of  it  may  be  of  interest.  The  rights  of  the  owners 
of  different  parcels  of  land  situated  over  a  water  supply  of  that 
character^  with  respect  to  each  other,  and  with  respect  to  the  use 
of  the  water  on  the  overlying  land,  are  mutual  and  reciprocal. 
They  are  regarded  as  persons  having  different  interests  in  a 
common  estate  in  such  waters.  Each  is  entitled  only  to  a 
reasonable  use  of  such  water  on  such  land  and  may  take  no 
more  than  his  reasonable  share  for  that  purpose.  None  of 
them  can  rightfully  take  the  water  and  export  it  from  the 
basin  for  use  on  lands  not  situated  over  the  common  water 
bearing  stratum,  if  such  taking  injures  the  owners  of  other 
parcels  of  the  overlying  lands.  In  short,  the  lawful  rights  of  the 
several  owners  of  such  lands  in  the  waters  therein  are  in  almost 
all  particulars  similar  to  the  mutual  and  reciprocal  rights  of  the 
owners  of  riparian  land  along  the  course  of  an  ordinary  stream 
in  the  use  of  its  waters.  This  conclusion  was  considered  neces- 
sary to  the  full  development  and  use  of  the  natural  resources  of 
the  state  and  to  the  prosperity  and  general  welfare  of  its  people. 
The  geological  formation  of  the  land,  its  topographical  char- 
acteristics, and  the  aridity  of  the  climate  produced  conditions  so 
different  from  those  of  the  countries  from  which  our  common  law 
rules  were  derived,  that  the  well-known  rule  that  the  ownership 
of  the  soil  in  fee  gave  absolute  title  to  all  beneath  the  surface, 
including  such  subterranean  water  supplies,"  was  held  unsuitable 
to  our  conditions.  In  this  the  court  followed  the  fundamental 
principles  on  which  the  common  law  is  founded,  rather  than 
the  rules  for  technical  application  to  special  subjects  adopted 
for  practical  use  in  the  different  conditions  prevailing  in  the 
countries  from  which  we  derive  that  law.  It  gave  emphasis  to 
the  ancient  maxim  of  the  Civil  Law,  embodied  in  our  Civil  Code, 
and  which  is  also  a  part  of  the  common  law,  that  *^when  the 

*^  Katz  V8.  Walkinshaw,  141  Cal.  116. 

"Hanson  vs.  Mocue,  42  Cal.  309;  Cross  va.  Kitte,  69  Cal.  222;  S.  P. 
R.  R.  Co.,  vs.  Dufour,  95  Cal.  617;  Gould  vs.  Eaton,  111  Cal.  644. 


LUOIBN  SHAW.  207 

reason  of  a  rule  ceases^  so  should  the  rule  itself/'  ^  It  is  a  good 
example  of  the  elasticity  of  the  common  law^  showing  its  adap- 
tation to  the  varying  conditions  of  human  life  in  countries  other 
than  that  of  its  origin. 

This  comprises  in  part  the  history  of  the  water  law  in  this 
state  down  to  the  present  time.  The  demand  for  additional 
water  and  for  the  economic&l  application  of  the  water  already  in 
use  continues  without  abatement  and  with  constantly  increas- 
ing urgency,  because  of  tixe  continuing  influz  of  population  and 
the  large  area  of  land  capable  of  vastly  increased  production, 
when  water  is  applied  by  artificial  means.  The  next  process  in 
the  development  of  the  use  of  water,  the  storing  of  water  in 
elevated  reservoirs  in  the  mountains,  I  have  already  mentioned. 
I  do  not  believe  that  the  law  applicable  to  this  process  will 
present  much  difficulty.  The  legal  aspect  of  these  developments 
should  present  no  very  novel  problems.  The  physical  aspect 
presents  alluring  prospects  of  increasing  prosperity  and  a  fertile 
field  for  theoretical  speculation,  the  discussion  of  which  would 
be  out  of  place  here. 

"Section  3510. 


THE  KANSAS  INDUSTRIAL  COURT. 

BY 

F.  DUMONT  SMITH, 

OF  XAN8A8* 

This  Kansaa  idea  of  an  Industrial  Court  seems  a  little  startling 
to  lawyers  at  firsts  and  especially  those  who  have  not  followed 
closely  the  great  and  constantly  accelerating  development  of  the 
police  power  in  the  last  50  years. 

Of  course^  there  has  always  been  a  police  power.  The  first 
police  power  was  in  the  despotic  control  of  the  father,  the  head  of 
any  family.  But  that  branch  of  the  police  power,  I  regret  to  say, 
is  today  practically  obsolete.  And  the  record  of  civilized  man  on 
down  through  the  ages  is  a  chronicle  of  the  constant  giving  up, 
the  yielding  of  individual  right  to  the  public  good;  in  other  words, 
what  we  call  the  police  power. 

When  the  periphery  of  my  private  right  impinges  upon  the 
periphery  of  your  private  right,  both  become  stationary.  In 
fact,  the  law  of  private  rights  crystallized  into  practically  its 
present  form,  before  the  time  that  Blackstone  wrote  his  com- 
mentaries in  1768.  But,  when  the  periphery  of  my  private  right 
impinges  upon  the  periphery  of  the  public  right,  my  private  right 
not  only  ceases  to  expand,  but  it  contracts.  And  that  is  one 
of  the  most  startling  of  all  of  the  sociological  facts  of  the  last  50 
years — no  matter  whether  we  condemn  or  approve,  the  fact  exists. 

This  Industrial  Court  is  tied  up  with  and  depends  upon  the 
police  power.  And  before  discussing  the  court,  I  want  to  give 
you  gentlemen  a  parable,  something  you  probably  have  not  heard 
of  in  a  long,  long  time,  if  you  ever  did.  I  hope  you  will  pardon 
the  implication  that  that  remark  seems  to  convey,  but  the  fact  is 
that  the  lawyers  with  whom  I  am  acquainted  show  very  slight 
traces  of  early  religious  training.  The  parable  is  this :  Bill  and 
Joe  own  adjoining  farms.  And  as  frequently  happens,  there  is 
a  dispute  over  the  line  fence.  And  nothing  furnishes  perhaps  a 
more  acrimonious  dispute  than  a  line  fence,  unless  it  is  a  row  in 
«  church.  So  one  day  Bill  and  Joe  meet  at  the  fence.  Bill  has  a 
shotgun  and  Joe  a  club.    And  when  it  is  over  Joe  is  dead  and  his 

(208) 


F.  DUMONT  SMITH.  209 

wife  a  widow  and  his  children  orphans.  Bill  is  sent  to  peniten- 
tiary, and  his  wife  is^  in  effect,  a  widow,  and  his  children  orphans. 
And  after  it  is  all  over,  after  all  the  bloodshed  and  sorrow,  the 
dispute  about  the  line  fence  remains  exactly  where  it  was  before. 
All  the  violence  has  thrown  no  light  upon  that  dispute. 

Let  us  apply  that  parable.  Bill  owns'  a  factory,  or  rather, 
because  he  is  a  capitalist,  we  ought  to  call  him  ^^  William,^^  and 
Joe  works  for  him — a  great  many  Joes.  The  Joes  complain  that 
they  are  not  getting  w&ges  enough.  William  says,  ^^  I  can't  pay 
you  any  more.  I  am  not  making  any  money."  The  Joes  think 
that  William  is  perhaps  lying.  He  does  sometimes.  And  so  they 
strike.  William  closes  his  factory.  Bye  and  bye  he  concludes  to 
open  it,  he  puts  a  barbed  wire  fence  around  it,  he  imports  ^rike 
breakers,  he  hires  professional  gunmen  as  guards.  Meanwhile, 
poverty  and  hunger  and  cold  invade  the  little  homes  of  the  Joes. 
And  they  get  excited,  touch  off  a  stick  or  two  of  dynamite.  Strike- 
breakers are  killed  or  maimed.  Some  of  the  Joes  are  killed. 
Property  having  no  relation  whatever  to  the  strike  is  destroyed. 
The  traffic  and  business  of  great  communities  is  interrupted  or 
paralyzed.  After  a  while,  the  militia  are  called  out.  And  finally, 
when  both  sides  are  exhausted,  they  have  an  arbitration. 

Now,  this  is  the  vice  of  all  arbitration,  and  there  is  a  vast 
amount  of  ignorance  about  this  Industrial  Court  because  people 
confuse  it  with  an  arbitration.  The  vice  of  an  arbitration  is 
that  both  parties  to  the  controversy  are  admitted  to  the  arbitral 
body.  The  truth  and  justice  of  the  controversy  is  not  sought. 
The  result  always  is  a  diplomatic  peace,  a  peace  imposed  by  the 
stronger  upon  the  weaker.  If  the  union  is  strong  and  the  em- 
ployer weak,  the  union  wins.  If  the  employer  is  strong  and  the 
union  weak,  the  employer  wins.  But  no  attempt  is  made  to  find 
out  where  the  line  fence  belongs — whether  Joe  was  getting  a 
fair  wage,  is  giving  an  honest  day's  work  for  it;  whether  William 
was  profiteering.    And  the  result  is  simply  an  armed  truce. 

No  controversy  is  ever  settled  until  it  is  settled  in  the  light  of 
justice.  Justice  is  the  universal  solvent.  If  we  could  implant 
in  every  human  heart  the  instinct  of  justice,  there  would  be  no 
controversy  between  man  and  man.  It  would  even  settle  a  lot 
of  the  divorce  cases. 


210  THE  KANSAS  INDUSTRIAL  OOUKT. 

'New,  we  have  attempted  in  Kansas  to  apply^  juridical  and 
judicial  processes  to  these  controversies.  Mr.  Gompers  says  that 
this  industrial  warfare,  this  civil  warfare,  is  the  only  way  to  settle 
these  controversies.  We  in  Kansas  are  trying  an  experiment,  and 
later  I  shall  try  to  tell  you  how  that  experiment  is  working  out. 

Coming  now  to  this  question  of  the  police  power.  Edmund 
Burke,  in  one  of  his  sublime  orations,  declared  that  the  whole 
state  and  power  of  England,  its  kings,  its  lords,  its  commons,  its 
army  and  its  navy,  were  ordained,  instituted^and  maintained  for 
the  sole  purpose  of  getting  12  honest  men  into  a  jury  box.  In 
other  words,  for  a  government  by  law,  and  not  by  arbitrary  power. 
But  Burke's  definition  was  too  narrow.  The  truth  is  that  govern- 
ments are  ordained  and  maintained  solely  for  the  exercise  of  this 
police  power,  of  which  the  administration  of  justice  is  but  a  part. 
Because  the  police  power  has  to  do  with  the  general  welfare  of 
the  people,  it  is  the  crown  and  flower  of  all  civilized  government. 

The  police  power  meets  you  at  the  tbreshhold  of  life,  where 
it  prescribes  the  qualifications  of  the  doctor  and  nurse  who  bring 
you  into  the  world.  It  follows  you  to  the  grave,  where  it  regulates 
the  cemetery  in  which  your  ashes  are  finally  inumed.  During  all 
that  interval,  in  every  moment  of  that  time,  from  the  first  puny 
wail  of  the  newborn  child,  to  the  death  rattle  of  the  dying,  that 
police  power  is  about  you,  surrounding  you  with  its  invisible  pro- 
tecting influence ;  alone  or  in  company,  waking  or  sleeping,  in  the 
crowded  street  or  on  the  lonely  prairie,  that  police  power  is  there. 
It  educates  your  children  and  protects  your  family.  It  not  only 
protects  your  life  and  property,  but  it  protects  our  peace,  your 
health,  and  even  your  comfort. 

The  police  power  is  the  only  power  that  can  take  and  destroy 
private  property  for  a  public  use,  as  when  it  destroys  an  unsafe 
or  an  unsanitary  building.  It  is  the  only  power  that  can  invali- 
date a  contract,  which  the  Constitution  says  shall  be  kept  sacred. 
It  is  the  only  power  that  can  override  a  treaty  between  this  and 
a  foreign  country,  which  the  Constitution  says  shall  be  the 
supreme  law  of  the  land.  Nothing  is  too  large  for  its  grasp; 
nothing  too  small  for  its  notice.  It  stops  the  great  liner  at  the 
threshhold  of  the  country,  to  examine  every  passenger,  and  it  pro- 
hibits undue  slaughter  of  the  migratory  birds  in  their  seasonal 
flight.    It  is  the  most  flexible  of  all  powers.    The  same  power  that 


F.  DUMONT   SMITH.  211 

regulates  the  stage  coach  was  found  suflBcient  to  regulate  the 
steamboat^  the  locomotive,  the  automobile,  and  today  it  is  reach- 
ing its  long  arm  into  the  ether  to  regulate  the  air  lanes  and  the 
aviator. 

But  its  two  great  and  most  important  functions  are  the  pre- 
servation of  the  public  peace  and  the  protection  of  the  public 
health.  And  upon  these  two  foundations,  chiefly,  the  Industrial 
Court  Law  is  built.  In  the  first  place,  the  law  declares  that  food, 
fuel,  and  clothing  are  the  essentials  of  human  life.  That  is  not 
a  legislative  fiat — ^it  merely  recognizes  a  truth  in  nature.  In  the 
case  of  Jones  vs.  City  of  Portland,  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States  took  judicial  knowledge  of  the  fact  that  fuel  was 
a  necessary  of  life  in  Maine,  and  that  for  that  reason  the  City  of 
Portland  might  engage  in  the  fuel  business,  the  same  as  it  might 
engage  in  furnishing  water  to  its  citizens.  ^Shelter  is  not  so 
essential.  A  man  can  live,  love,  and  be  happy  in  a  tent,  a  dugout, 
or  a  cave.    But  these  three  thiiigs  he  must  have. 

Now,  the  state  is  not  concerned  with  whether  a  man  have  one 
suit  of  clothes  or  a  dozen,  whether  he  have  three  meals  a  day  or 
five,  whether  he  have  fuel  to  heat  a  20-room  mansion  or  a  2-room 
cottage.  But  the  state  is  concerned,  and  deeply  concerned,  that 
every  citizen  shall  have  so  much  food,  fuel,  and  clothing  as  shall 
preserve  his  health  and  the  health  of  his  family.  So  the  law 
says  that  whenever  there  is  a  strike  in  these  essential  industries, 
.such  a  shortage  of  these  essentials  as  will  affect  the  public  health, 
then  the  court  shall  begin  to  function.  It  proceeds  to  the  spot.  It 
has  inquisitorial  power.  It  subpcenaes  witnesses.  It  finds  out 
what  is  the  cause  of  the  strike.  It  finds  out  whether  a  fair  wage 
is  being  paid,  and  an  honest  day's  work  being  given,  whether 
there  is  any  profiteering — in  short,  it  determines  where  that  line 
fence  belongs.  And  if  these  were  its  only  powers,  the  court  would 
be  worth  while.  Because  no  strike  has  ever  succeeded  that  did 
not  have  public  sympathy  with  it.  Publicity,  like  the  sunlight  is 
a  great  germicide.  No  sociological  wrong  can  exist  when  pub- 
licity is  brought  to  bear  upon  it. 

But  of  course,  under  this  branch  of  the  law,  a  strike  in  a 
toothpick  factory  or  a  match  factory,  neither  of  those  being  an 
essential  industry,  would  not  call  forth  the  exercise  of  the  court'^s 
powers.    Here  again  is  a  misunderstanding.    People  wonder  why 


212  THE  KANSAS   INDU8TKIAL  COURT. 

the  court  does  not  interfere  with  every  strike.  The  court  can  only 
interfere  in  a  strike  that  threatens  two  things^  either  the  public 
peace  or  the  public  health,  and  not  until  that  threat  is  imminent 
But  every  strike  of  any  considerable  magnitude  threatens  the 
public  peace.  And  there  again,  when  that  threat  comes,  the  court 
interferes.  Let  me  give  an  illustration.  You  remember  there  was 
a  packinghouse  strike  last  winter.  There  were  3000  packing- 
house employees  in  Kansas  City,  Kansas,  who  struck.  Immedi- 
ately the  Industrial  Court  went  over  there  and  offered  to  mediate. 
Both  sides  refused.  They  wanted  to  fight  it  out.  The  court  said 
to  the  packers,  ^'  If  there  is  a  shortage  of  meat  that  threatens 
health  in  Kansas,  the  state  will  take  charge  of  your  plant.''  It 
aaid  to  the  strikers,  "If  there  is  a  single  overt  of  violence, 
the  troops  will  be  put  in  here.''  As  the  result,  that  strike  came  to 
a  losing  close  without  one  act  of  violence,  or  even  a  window  broken 
in  Kansas  City,  Kansas,  while  in  every  other  packinghouse  center, 
men  were  beaten  to  death,  maimed,  half  killed,  and  property 
destroyed. 

Nowhere,  I  think,  has  this  accelerating  growth  of  the  police 
power  and  its  acceptance  by  the  courts  been  more  clearly  shown 
than  in  the  changing  views  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States.  For  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  does  some- 
times change  its  mind. 

Beginning  with  the  case  of  Munn  vs.  Illinois,  with  which  you 
are  all  familiar,  where  was  exhibited  a  tendency  to  get  away  f ron\ 
past  holdings  that  seemed  to  be  thoroughly  settled  and  crystal- 
lized in  American  law,  that  is,  that  the  right  of  the  public  to 
regulate  an  industry  was  correlative  with  the  right  to  demand 
a  service,  such,  for  instance,  as  a  street  railway  or  a  steam  rail- 
way, or  a  waterworks,  or  anything  of  that  sort ;  and  that,  where 
the  public  could  not  demand  the  service,  it  could  not  regulate  it. 
It  is  true,  undoubtedly  out  of  deference  to  that  general  opinion, 
the  Illinois  law  declared  these  elevators  public  elevators.  But  in 
the  discussion,  it  was  quite  clearly  shown  that  that  was  not 
absolutely  essential  to  the  opinion,  and  that  case  was  affirmed 
in  Budd  vs.  New  York,  I  think  in  1892,  where  Justice  Brewer 
wrote  a  very  powerful  dissenting  opinion,  and,  as  the  justices  of 
the  Supreme  Court  frequently  do  in  their  dissents,  told  the  world 
that  if  that  opinion  stood,  the  Constitution  was  destroyed  and  the 
country  ruined. 


F.  DUMONT  SMITH.  213 

Mnally^  in  1915^  in  tide  case  of  the  German  Alliance  Insurance 
Company  vs.  The  State  of  Kansas^  the  court  departed  absolutely 
from  the  old  rule.  It  will  be  conceded  that  the  fire  insurance 
business  is  purely  a  matter  of  private  cpntract.  An  insurer  can 
give  or  withhold  a  policy,  he  can  even  cancel  it  after  it  is  given. 
But  the  court  in  that  case  held  that  the  fire  insurance  business 
was  so  vast  in  this  country,  that  the  whole  fabric  of  private  credit 
was  so  tied  up  with  it,  that  it  was  so  impressed  with  the  public 
interest,  that  the  state  might  regulate  it. 

That  was  an  outpost  case,  far  advanced,  and  it  has  never  been 
withdrawn.  There,  for  the  first  time,  was  established  the  prin- 
ciple that  a  purely  private  business  might  be  so  impressed  with 
the  public  interest  that  the  state  could  regulate  it. 

I  come  now  to  that  very  startling  decision,  Wilson  vs.  New, 
which  upheld  the  Adamson  Act,  a  decision  that  I  think  sent  cold 
chills  down  the  backbones  of  most  of  us,  because  we  thought  we 
would  have  to  learn  our  constitutional  law  all  over  again.  In 
that  case,  as  you  recall,  the  Supreme  Court  took  judicial  knowl- 
edge— ^mark  this,  took  judicial  knowledge— of  the  fact  that  a 
strike  was  impending  upon  all  the  railroads  of  the  United  States, 
that  this  strike  would  stop  the  distribution  of  the  necessaries 
of  life,  and  that  that  would  impair  the  public  health,  and  that 
for  that  reason.  Congress,  acting  under  that  implied  police  power, 
which  it  receives  along  with  the  direct  grant  of  authority  over 
interstate  commerse,  had  a  right  to  satisfy  these  impending 
strikers,  by  reducing  the  day  from  nine  to  eight  hours,  which,  in 
effect,  regulated  wages,  because  it  accelerated  the  time  when  over- 
time would  begin.  And  Mr.  Justice  McBeynolds,  in  a  somewhat 
ironical  dissenting  opinion,  called  their  attention  to  the  fact  that, 
if  Congress  could  say  to  the  employer  that  eight  hours  constituted 
a  day's  work  for  which  the  employee  might  demand  a  day's  wage, 
that  it  might  also  say  to  the  employee  that  he  could  not  demand 
a  day's  wage  until  he  had  worked  eight  hours.  And  that  probably 
is  true.  But  this  decision  was  based  upon  the  proposition  that 
the  distribution  of  these  necessaries  of  life  would  fail,  and  would 
threaten  the  public  health.  Distribution  is  secondary — produc- 
tion comes  before  distribution.  All  the  railroads  in  the  United 
States  cannot  furnish  one  bottle  of  milk  to  a  hxingry  baby  until 
the  cow  functions.    All  the  railroads  in  the  United  States  cannot 


214  THE  KANSAS  INDUSTRIAL  COURT. 

furnish  a  loaf  of  bread  until  the  farmer,  the  miller,  and  the  baker 
have  cooperated.  How  absurd,  then,  to  say  that  the  state,  in  the 
interests  of  public  health,  might  regulate  distribution,  which  is 
secondary,  but  may  not  regulate  production,  which  is  primary. 

We  hear  a  great  deal  said  about  chattel  slavery  imposed  by  this 
law.  This  law  does  not  compel  any  workman  to  remain  at  work 
an  hour,  if  he  does  not  want  to.  But  if  it  did,  it  might  be  con- 
stitutional. We  have  a  law  in  Kansas,  and  there  is  a  similar  law 
in  several  other  states,  and  it  has  been  upheld  by  the  court,  which 
compels  a  locomotive  engineer,  when  he  has  started  on  his  run, 
to  remain  with  his  engine  until  he  reaches  the  next  division  point. 
The  continuity  of  travel  and  distribution,  the  safety  of  the  public, 
demand  it.  Chattel  slavery,  absolutely — for  the  time  being  that 
engineer  is  chained  to  the  throttle,  exactly  like  the  galley  slave  to 
his  oar.  But,  mark  you,  no  one  went  out  and  conscripted  Casey 
Jones  and  compelled  him  first  to  we  a  wiper,  then  a  fireman,  and 
then  an  engineer,  and  no  one  compelled  Casey  Jones  to  be  an 
engineer  one  moment  after  he  left  his  engine  at  the  division  point. 
But  when  he  assumes  that  position,  he  assumes  that  continuity 
of  employment  as  part  of  the  burden  of  his  employment,  just  as 
he  assumes  the  risk  of  wrecks  and  accidents,  just  as  a  miner 
assumes  the  penalty  of  going  underground  to  earn  his  daily  wages. 

When  once  we  get  that  principle,  we  will  understand,  I  think, 
that  this  law  is  constitutional;  when  we  establish  tiiat  these 
industries  are  essential  to  human  life  and  to  human  health, 
whoever  enters  those  industries  in  effect  enlists  exactly  as  does 
the  soldier  or  the  policeman  in  the  preservation  of  the  public 
peace.  He  is  bound,  not  to  continue  to  work  individually — ^he 
may  retire  from  that  employment  at  any  moment.  But  he  can^t 
conspire,  he  can't  stir  up  a  mutiny  that  shall  destroy  the  army 
of  the  public  weal. 

Mr.  Gompers  has  had  a  great  deal  to  say  about  the  God-given 
right  to  strike.  With  all  due  respect  to  the  religious  opinions  of 
any,  I  know  of  no  such  rights  that  are  enforceable  in  court.  The 
tablets  that  were  handed  down  amid  the  thunders  of  Siani  are 
not  self-executing  today.  They  require  a  man-made  mandate  for 
their  enforcement.  When  the  Thirteen  Colonies  declared  their 
independence  and  erected  themselves  into  sovereign  states,  their 
legislative  assemblies,  each  of  them  inherited,  as  a  matter  of 


F.  DUMONT  SMITH.  215 

course^  the  pow^r  of  the  British  Parliament^  a  power  OBoiiipotent, 
without  check  or  restraint,  until  or  whenever  tixe  people  chose  to 
place  a  check  by  means  of  a  constitution.  It  is  of  course  axiomatic 
the  the  federal  Constitution  is  a  grant  and  that  state  constitutions 
are  a  restriction.  We  look  to  one  to  see  what  is  given ;  to  the  other, 
to  see  what  is  denied.  And  we  shall  look  in  vain  in  any  state 
constitution  for  any  denial  of  the  right  of  the  legislature  to  pro- 
hibit strikes,  if  it  sees  fit.  The  courts  have,  in  a  tacit  way,  assumed 
that  strikes  are  legal,  although  some  of  the  earlier  English 
decisions  denounced  and  suppressed  them  as  conspiracies. 

So  these  gentlemen  appeal  to  the  protection  of  the  Fourteenth 
Amendment.  They  say,  first,  that  it  is  a  denial  of  due  process 
of  law.  As  I  understand  that  much  abused  phrase,  it  simply 
means  this :  It  does  not  necessarily  imply  that  the  case  has  been 
tried  in  a  court  of  law  or  equity,  it  may  have  been  heard  before 
a  drainage  board  or  a  tax  commission;  but  if  the  litigant  has 
had  his  day  in  court,  and  process  for  his  witnesses,  in  effect,  if 
there  has  been  trial  before  judgment  and  judgment  before  con- 
viction, then  he  has  had  due  process  of  law.  They  say,  too,  they 
are  denied  the  equal  protection  of  the  law.  The  equal  protection 
of  the  law  does  not  deny  to  the  legislature  the  right  of  classifica- 
tion, and  if  the  classification  is  reasonable,  it  may  impose  burdens 
and  restrictions  upon  a  particular  class,  which  burdens  or  restric- 
tions are  not  imposed  upon  the  rest  of  the  citizens  of  the  state. 
The  only  query  is.  Is  the  classification  reasonable?  And  the 
proponents  of  the  law  are  not  compelled  to  prove  that  it  is  reason- 
able— ^the  opponents  must  prove  that  it  is  unreasonable. 

In  this  case  we  submit  that  the  classification  is  not  only  reason- 
able, but  is  inevitable.    It  is  the  only  classification. 

Now,  there  is  a  curious  periodicity  in  the  recurrence  of  these 
great  politico-legal  questions  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States,  with  its  dual  aspect,  partly  legal,  partly  political;  ques- 
tions that  have  stirred  this  country  from  end  to  end,  questions 
that  have  made  and  unmade  political  parties,  questions  that  have 
even  sown  the  dragon's  teeth  of  civil  war.  And.  they  recur  just 
about  once  in  the  life  of  a  biblical  generation,  every  25  years. 
Beginning  in  1804  with  Burr  vs.  Madison,  which  established  the 
supremacy  of  the  judiciary  against  the  unconstitutional  aggres- 
sions of  the  other  branches,  25  years  later  came  those  decisions 


216  THE  KANSAS  INDUSTRIAL  OOURT. 

under  th^general  welfare  clause^  deciding  that  the  federal  govern- 
ment might  engage  in  works  of  internal  improvement  within  the 
states^  a  proposition  bitterly  fought  by  a  great  political  party: 
Decisions  under  which  the  federal  government  today  meddles  in 
almost  every  man's  business^  and  under  which  our  government  has 
greatly  changed  from  a  rather  free  representative  government  to  a 
comparatively  despotic  bureaucracy.  Then  25  years  later  came  the 
Dred  Scott  decision — ^good  law,  undoubtedly,  when  it  was  written, 
but  reversed  by  the  arbitrament  of  battle.  Twenty-five  years 
later  came  the  slaughterhouse  cases,  in  which  finally,  after  much 
discussion,  a  new  citizenship  was  established,  federal  as  distin- 
guished from  state,  and  admitting  corporations  under  the  word 
"persons**  to  the  protection  of  the  Fourteenth  Amendment. 
Twenty-five  years  later  came  the  decisions  under  the  Sherman 
Act.  Bightly  or  wrongly,  the  people  had  come  to  regard  those 
great  aggregations  of  capital,  those  octopi,  if  you  please,  with 
their  tentacles  in  every  part  of  the  country  and  their  digestive 
organs  in  New  Jersey,  as  inimical  to  their  welfare.  And  now,  25 
years  later,  come  these  labor  dispute  decisions.  The  Clerk  of 
the  Supreme  Court  tells  me  there  are  a  great  mass  of  those  cases. 
And  not  the  least  important  of  these  recurring  cycles  of  decisions 
are  these  labor  cases. 

It  is  somewhat  curious,  when  you  look  back  over  the  history 
of  that  court,  because  the  precession  of  the  equinoxes,  the  resur- 
gence of  the  tides,  is  hardly  more  regular  than  the  recurrence 
of  these  great  questions.  Upon  the  solution  of  these  questions 
depends  the  industrial  future  of  this  country,  for  this  country 
today  is  shifting  from  an  agricultural  foundation  to  an  industrial 
foundation. 

Now,  a  word  as  to  the  operation  of  this  law,  and  how  we  regard 
it  in  Kansas.  Since  the  law  was  passed,  Governor  Allen  has  been 
twice  before  the  people  of  Kansas  and  overwhelmingly  endorsed. 
At  the  last  primary  election,  just  closed,  (Jovemor  Morgan,  who 
heartily  supported  the  law  and  the  administration,  received  a 
plurality  of  15,000  votes  over  his  nearest  opponent,  (Jovemor 
Stubbs.  Governor  Stubbs  also  supported  the  law  without  reserva- 
tion. Those  two  candidates  received  over  70  per  cent  of  the  total 
primary  vote.  The  other  three,  who  condemned  the  law.  were 
overwhelmingly  beaten,  and  the  man  who  made  an  alliance  with 
the  Union-Labor  vote,  got  a  mere  15,000  votes. 


F.   DUMONT  SMITH.  217 

Today  in  Kansas  the  great  railroad  shops  at  Topeka  are  func- 
tioning at  75  per  cent  of  normal^  those  at  Chanute  at  90  per  cent, 
and  onr  railroads  are  running  on  time,  and  there  is  no  interrup- 
tion of  either  production  or  distribution.  We  are  mining  260,000 
tons  of  coal  a  month,  enough  to  supply  the  state  of  Kansas,  and  we 
confront  next  winter  with  cheerful  tranquility.  There  is  no 
picketing  in  Kansas,  and  for  that  reason  the  strike  is  being  broken. 
In  Colorado,  Governor  Shoup  has  put  down  picketing  and  violence 
with  60  rangers  and  they  are  mining  more  coal  in  Colorado  than 
they  were  before  the  strike. 

But  the  distinction  is  this.  Governor  Shoup  will  go  out  of 
office  in  January  and  like  Cromwell  leave  no  succesor  and  no 
system  to  take  his  place.  Governor  Allen,  with  far-sighted  con- 
structiveness,  has  established  a  piece  of  administrative  machinery 
that  will  function  regardless  of  governors. 

I  want  to  make  a  criticism,  but  I  am  afraid  there  are  some 
Illinois  people  here.  However,  I'll  chance  it.  Government  do^s 
not  depend  so  much  on  laws  as  we  lawyers  are  apt  to  think. 
When  the  people  of  a  commonwealth  elect  an  Allen  or  a  Shoup 
governor,  they  are  rewarded  with  industrial  peace,  with  continuity 
of  service,  of  production  and  distribution.  When  a  great  com- 
monwealth like  Illinois  elects  a  Lem  Small,  it  is  rewarded  with 
the  black  shame  of  the  Herrin  massacre,  more  cold-blooded, 
brutal,  and  ferocious  than  anything  the  Huns  committed  in  the 
four  years  of  warfare.  That  Herrin  afEair  was  the  fine  exfolia- 
tion and  flower  pf  the  union  labor  spirit  among  the  miners.  What 
they  did  at  Herrin,  they  would  do  everywhere  if  they  dared.  Let 
me  pause  there  for  a  moment.  You  hear  a  great  deal  about  this 
wave  of  lawlessness,  this  flood  of  lawlessness,  contempt  and  dis- 
regard of  the  law.  Does  it  all  come  from  below?  Far  from  it. 
Very  much  of  it  comes  from  executives  and  police  officers  who 
are  functioning  with  one  eye  on  the  next  election,  who  are  pan- 
dering to  the  lowest  classes  of  society  for  votes.  What  can  you 
expect  of  these  ignorant,  foreign-born  citizens,  slaves  and  Helots 
for  a  hundred  generations,  suddenly  freed,  dnmk  with  the  new 
wine  of  liberty,  when  we  set  before  them  the  example  of  governors, 
mayors,  sheriffs,  police  officers,  and  police  magistrates,  who  them- 
selves defy  the  law  and  fail  to  recognize  or  enforce  it?  And  that 
to  a  large  degree,  my  friends,  is  the  source  and  fountain  head  of 


318  THE  KANSAS   INDUSTBIAL  COURT. 

this  flood  that  is  overwhelming  U8.  It  is  astonishing  that  in  a 
country  like  this  that  worships  conrage  as  one  o{  the  supreme 
virtues^  a  country  that  rewards  a  Boosevelt  or  a  Coolidge  with  the 
highest  honors  in  its  gift^  that  in  such  a  country  the  average 
politician  should  believe  that  the  road  to  political  suoeess  must 
resemble  the  tortuous  track  of  a  hunted  rabbit.  This  country  can- 
not endure  half  law-abiding  and  half  lawless.  The  law-abiding  in 
self-defense  will  become  lawless.  And  that  infection  is  spreading 
over  our  country.  We  are  told  by  the  optimists  that  this  is 
the  richest^  the  greatest,  the  most  powerful  nation  the  world  eyer 
saw.  And  that  is  true.  We  stand  today  upon  the  very  pinnacle 
of  this  world^s  power  and  prosperity.  But  in  the  essential  verities 
that  constitute  a  state,  the  protection  of  life  and  property  and 
human  liberty  and  freedom  of  speech,  and  above  all  in  respect 
for  the  law,  we  are  far  below  our  British  cousin.  In  fact,  I  think 
we  rank  a  little  above  the  Turk  and  the  Balkan  States.  We  are 
rich.  But  wealth  is  not  all.  There  is  such  a  thing  as  fatty 
degeneration  of  the  soul,  and  this  nation  shows  every  symptom 
of  it.  It  is  true  we  saw  in  1917  that  the  fire  on  the  altar  could 
flame  as  brightly  as  of  old.  But  fitfully,  not  steadily — and  it  has 
died  down.  And  in  the  rery  hour  of  the  nation's  peril,  the  trailing 
garments  of  liberty  were  slimed  vrith  the  greed  of  countless  profi- 
teers. Remember,  other  nations,  as  great  and  strong  as  we, 
comparably  to  their  times,  have  trodden  the  path  we  tread  today 
and  gone  down  to  ruin  and  death. 

Steep  are  the  steps,  slow  hewn  in  flintiest  rock. 

States  ohmb  to  power  by, 
And  slippery  those  with  gold,  down  which  they 

Stumble  to  eternal  mock. 


THE  WIDENING  RANGE  OP  LAW. 

BY 

LORD  SHAW, 

OP  DUiNFBRMUNEV  SCOTLAND. 
MEMBEB  OF  THE  PBIVY  COUNCIL  OF  HOUSE  OF  LOBDS. 

I  deeply  feel  the  honor  of  your  invitation.  And  I  sincerely 
recognize  the  hearty  cordiality  of  your  welcome.  This  great 
audience;  the  eminence  of  the  men  whom  I  see  around  me;  the 
resonant  call  of  professional  brotherhood;  the  deep  respect  for 
the  law  which  inevitably  accompanies  the  progress  of  the  Anglo- 
Saxon  race ;  the  unifying,  harmonizing  note  which  the  law  thus 
adds  to  the  aasociations  of  history  and  literature  and  blood;  all 
that  kind  and  rank  of  ideas  come  tramping  through  the  mind 
at  such  a  meeting  as  this.  You  Americans  speak  in  terms  of 
space^  with  a  frank  and  honest  pride  in  the  glorieb  of  your 
breadth  of  continent.  Englishmen  speak  in  terms  of  time, 
with  an  august  devotion  to  a  mighty  history.  But  it  is  left  to 
the  Scotchman  to  overleap  both  space  and  time  in  the  terms  of 
human  brotherhood.  What  matters 'it  to  him  '^  though  seas 
between  us  braid  hae  rowed  *^  ?  What  is  it  to  him,  the  ancient 
grudge  of  four  generations?  He  has  come  and  thriven  with 
you  and  helped  to  live  that  down:  The  large  vision  seems  not 
unnatural  to  him,  looking  before  and  after :  He  knows  about  the 
Clan  feuds,  sometimes  serious  and  sometimes  silly,  and  he  has 
outlived  them  all.  The  lion  can  lie  down  with  the  lamb,  even 
the  Campbell  with  the  McGregor.  If  I  could  presume  or  dare 
to  represent  even  for  a  few  brief  moments  the  land  that  bore 
me,  I  should  say  as  my  first  word  to  you  today:  Again  and  for 
ever  we  are  trusty  friends.  We  can  brace  ourselves  for  the 
future  which  is  coming,  by  taking  in  any  beverage  which  is 
according  to  law  ^'  a  cup  of  kindness  yet,  for  the  days  of  Auld 
Lang  Syne.*' 

By  invitation,  addressed  to  me  in  terms  of  grace  and  courtesy 
similar  to  those  of  your  own,  I  address  next  week  the  friends 
of  the  Canadian  Bar  Association,  at  Vancouver.  The  bi^other* 
hood  in  law  of  this  vast  North  American  Continent  has.  gath- 

(219) 


220  THE  WIDENING  RANGE  OF  LAW. 

ered  at  the  shores  of  the  Pacific  at  one  of  the  greatest  con- 
junctures of  human  history.  Was  this  by  accident  or  by  design  ? 
Anyhow^  the  event  has  a  singular^  a  unique  interest.  My  reflec- 
tions upon  it  and  upon  its  happenings  in  1922,  have  led  me  into 
a  train  of  ideas,  the  brief  exposition  of  which  may,^  I  trust, 
hot  be  unacceptable  to  this  gathering  of  thoughtful  men.  Do 
not  ask  me  to  ticket  them  by  a  name.  The  philosopher  or  jurist 
would  hanker  after  some  such  title  as  '^The  Widening  Power 
of  Jural  Conceptions.^'  Plain  people  like  ourselves  would  simply 
call  it  "  The  Widening  Bange  of  Law."  ■ 

Stand  aloof  for  a  little  and  watch  that  moving,  jostling,  elbow- 
ing, combatant  crowd  which  we  call  civilization.  There  is  a 
figure  there  that  is  bigger,  more  upstanding,  more  commanding 
than  on  your  last  survey.  More  and  more  he  seems  to  control 
the  crowd,  suppressing  confusion,  regulating  traffic,  making  the 
rough  places  plain  and  every  place  safe:  and  his  hand  is  swift 
and  heavy  on  crime  and  on  the  sneak,  and  tender  and  helpful 
to  the  weak  and  the  struggling  and  the  oppressed.  His  name 
is  law.  When  he  gets  into  his  working  garb  we  call  him  Juris- 
prudence. For  Jurisprudence  is  just  law  with  a  gown  on.  And 
if  it  is,  as  it  should  be,  a  roomy  gown,  it  neither  chills  his  heart, 
nor  impedes  his  growth.  '  More  and  more,  as  you  are  seeing 
with  your  eyes,  that  noble  honest  figure  is  becoming  a  leader 
and  commander  to  peoples,  classes,  states  and  nations,  whose 
combined  movements,  as  I  say,  are  civilization  itself.  And  more 
and  more  he  is  getting  more  real  wisdom,  more  understanding 
and  heart.  But  by  the  Widening  Range  of  Law  I  mean  not 
merely  that  deeper  invasion  into  the  secrets,  the  motives,  the 
regulative  ideas  which  govern  the  relations  of  men,  but  also  that 
objective  side  in  which  law  is  more  and  more  conquering  wider 
fields,  more  and  more  vindicating  its  functions,  not  among  indi- 
vidual citizens  alone,  but  also  among  great  ranks  and  classes  of 
society,  and  even  moulding  the  policies  of  states  and  common- 
wealths, and  among  them  all  and  everywhere  placing  reason 
against  passion  and  right  against  power.  At  this  hour,  after 
the  Oreat  War,  even  as  the  smoke  and  horror  and  the  smell  of 
blood  clear  away,  law  resumes  its  sway,  planting  anew  in  a 
bruised  and  bewildered  world  the  standards  of  legality  human 
and  divine.     Oood  are  treatises,  better  are  treaties;  but  the 


LOBD  SHAW.  221 

world  is  a  disillusioned  world  and  it  has  grown  tired  of  them. 
It  longs  for  facts^  some  solid  ground  in  which  the  law  can 
have  its  chance  unless  good  faith  be  banished  from  the  earth. 
Something  accomplished,  something  done,  something  well  and 
truly  laid,  something  more  than  diplomatic  gestures  or  a  paper 
pledge;  that  is  what  is  required.  The  nations  have  lost  confi- 
dence in  each  other. 

In  ancient  Borne  the  first  obvious  contracts  were  real  con- 
tract; the  consensual  came  later.  As  the  majesty  of  law  ex- 
tended, the  consensual  contracts  became  common  because  behind 
them  there  lay  the  power  not  only  of  interpretation  but  enforce- 
ment. Believe  me,  until  the  majesty  of  the  law  is  established 
with  similar  powers  of  interpretation  and  enforcement  among 
the  nations,  the  nations  must  begin  again,  they  must  tread  the 
historical  road,  they  must  have  real  contracts,  actual  accomplish- 
ments, things  done  and  things  given  up  on  both  sides,  before 
men  will  believe  that  true  progress  has  been  resumed.  It  is  for 
this  reason,  gentlemen,  that  I  reckon  the  Conference  of  Wash- 
ington to  have  been  greater  than  a  conference,  and  the  Five- 
Power  Naval  Agreement  and  the  Pour-Power  Pact  for  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  the  one  with  its  real,  instant,  and  definite  limi- 
tation of  armaments,  the  other  turning  possibly  this  great  ocean 
into  a  vast  Pacific  reserve — I  reckot  these  things  to  be  a  sensible 
mitigation  of  the  fears  of  humanity,  a  sensible  contribution  to 
the  peace  and  progress  of  mankind.  It  seems  quite  a  natural 
thing  that  after  those  pacific  triumphs  you  should  have  these 
pacific  celebrations.  So  reckoning,  we  heartily  bear  in  mind 
the  services  and  achievements  of  America  in  the  world  cause, 
and  the  firm  and  practical  statesmanship  of  its  President 
and  Secretary  of  State.  Especially  today  do  we  think  of  the  great 
lawyers  of  your  and  many  nations  as  they  went  on  trying  to 
hammer  into  a  solid  fabric  of  results  those  ideals  and  aspirations 
which  all  peoples  cherish  who  claim  the  rank  of  civilized  states. 

These  are  some  of  the  reasons,  Mr.  President,  which  make  me 
feel,  with  a  deeper  note  of  gratitude,  the  historical  interest  of  the 
occasion  on  which  you  have  asked  me  to  address  you. 

Of  course,  when  lawyers  foregather,  they  are  apt  to  confine 
their  discussion  to  the  present,  and  to  the  immediate  future,  and 
to  their  own  very  wide-awake  good  selves.    But  the  strength  of 


222  THE  WIDENING  RANGE  OP  LAW. 

these  great  conferences  is  shown  when  they  have  leverage  enough 
to  get  men  out  of  that  rut.  Occasions  arise  when  history  and 
events  vividly  and  savagely  compel  that.  The  best  amongst  you 
probably  look  back  to  the  later  fifties  and  the  early  sixties — ^that 
trying  ordeal  for  your  citizenship.  Then  it  was  that  the  law  of 
status  and  the  law  of  the  Constitution  had  to  be  co-ordinated, 
and  that  under  the  higher  planes  of  liberty  and  the  rights  of 
man.  Lowell  puts  the  old  view  which  the  older  l^aUty  could 
always  defend.  **  Here  I  stand  on  the  Constitution,  by  thun- 
der'*; 

Human  rights  hai'nt  no  more 

Right  to  come  on  this  floor 

No  more'n  the  man  in  the  moon,  sez  he. 

These  were  defensible,  very  defensible,  propositions  in  the 
mouth  of  a  mere  lawyer,  a  mere  constitutionalist,  a  mere  politi- 
cian, and  Lincoln  was  very  patient  with  them.  But  when  to 
yield  to  them  would  have  been  to  rive  in  twain  the  American 
Commonwealth,  then  his  heart,  always  true,  cleared  his  vision, 
and  he  seemed  to  reason  that  man  was  more  than  constitutions; 
that  the  law  was  made  for  man^  nx)t  man  for  the  law.  So  it  was 
that  the  courage  and  essential  goodness  of  his  statesmanship  and 
the  loyalty  of  your  great  people  to  truth  consolidated  at  one 
stroke  the  cause  of  the  unioi  and  of  human  freedom. 

Then  in  the  common  and  everyday  relations  of  man  with  man 
(and  these  demand  after  all  our  first  regard),  the  range  of  your 
law  became  mightily  extended.  That  law  jof  status,  if  law  it 
could  be  called  which  had  travestied  the  patriarchal  system  and 
would  have  turned  back  even  the  clock  of  Bomou  jurisprudence 
as  it  went  on  opening  more  and  more  widely  the  doors  of  its 
citizenship — that  law  of  a  status  disappeared  and  the  law  of 
contract  took  its  place  over  the  wide  areas  of  many  states.  The 
West  Indian  precedent — ^very  nobly  conceived  and  very  wisely 
accomplished  by  England — was  of  but  slender  proportions,  and 
compares  with  your  struggle  literally  as  an  insular  with  a 
continental  achievement.  Hard  and  difficult  and  many  a^  were 
the  legal  problems  to  be  solved,  I  declare  to  you  that  it  fills  me 
with  wonder  to  reflect  upon  the  comparative  ease  of  the  tran- 
sition, upon  the  adaptability  of  your  legal  machinery,  and  upon 
the  practicality  of  your  people. 


LOBD  SHAW.  223 

This  on  the  civil  side;  but  on  the  criminal  side  yonr  task 
was  greater  stilly  and  it  is  not  yet  complete.  Race,  color,  the 
memory  of  oppression;  these  are  very  real  things  to  be  suddenly 
let  loose  in  a  citizenship  of  freedom.  They  leave  the  lawyer  and 
the  reasoning  citizen  an  irksome  but  a  high  and  responsible 
duty.  And  to  this  hour  a  high  and  responsible  duty  it  remains. 
That  duty  is  to  save  hberty  and  order  alike  by  that  equal  hand 
and  that  noble  and  resolute  bearing  of  justice  itself,  which  are 
shown  by  respect  and  true  fealty  to  the  regular  administration 
of  the  law.  Every  man  his  own  avenger  I  the  sudden  ferocities 
of  lynch  law  I  Wherever  the  English  tongue  is  spoken  the 
ground  is  too  sacred  for  that;  wherever  free  men  reason  together, 
jurisprudence  renders  to  justice  a  sincerer  and  more  stately 
homage. 

A  lesser,  but  yet  quite  notable  extension  of  the  range  of  law 
has  occurred  in  the  emancipation  of  women.  I  presume  that 
you  have,  as  we  have,  Married  Women^s  Property  Acts  with  their 
sequels  social  and  legal.  The  case,  however,  is  not  here  the 
same^as  with  the  enfranchisement  of  the  slave;  it  is  not  the 
substitution  of  the  law  of  contract  for  the  law  of  status;  it  is 
their  reconciliation  with  each  other.  I  daresay  you  find  the 
contract  side  of  it  not  unmanageable,  but — on  the  status  side — 
how.  you  get  along  with  the  variety  of  state  law  and  state  legis- 
lation on  the  subject,  say,  of  divorce,  and  still  keep  your  heads, 
and  are  able  to  attend  to  business — this  fills  me  with  wonder. 

I  know  how  difScult  it  is  to  harmonize  state  laws.  England 
has  been  trying  for  a  generation  to  approximate  to  the  decent, 
sensible,  easily  working  law  of  Scotland  in  this  department  of 
the  matrimonial  relations,  and  as  yet  it  has  failed.  Of  all  the 
forms  of  amour,  the  one  which  is  most  ridiculously  hard  to  ac- 
commodate is  amour  propre.  This  is  certainly  so  among  states 
and  nations;  and  legal  reform  which  points  to  homogeneity  is 
of  the  derided  and  suspect  I  • 

Meantime,  the  range  of  your  laws  for  all  professional  breth- 
ren who  practise  and  advise  must  be  immensely  increased  by 
home-made  difSculties.  And  these,  I  should  reckon,  bring  in 
their  train  a  goodly  store  of  troubles  in  the  regions  of  domicUe 
and  fiuccession.  Is  the  harmonizing  of  your  laws  of  status  a 
vain  dream  for  the  United  States,  an  objectionable  or  imprac- 

8 


224  THE  WIDENING   RANGE  OF   LAW. 

tical  idea?  Pray  forgive  me,  I  do  not  mean  to  intrude,  or 
eren  to  suggest.  But  you  must  take  me  as  I  was  made  and  I 
cannot  help  thinking. 

A  few  brief  words  only,  and  those  of  nothing  but  commen- 
dation of  your  law  of  contract.  In  your  case  it  was  not,  as  in 
the  jurisprudence  of  Bome  or  of  England,  au  evolution  from  a 
rigidity  which  had  grown  barren  to  a  fruitful  flexibility  which 
better  met  the  needs  of  man — ^a  slow,  centuries  long,  education 
and  adaptation.  Tour  jurisprudence  sprang  fully  armed  like 
Minerva  from  the  head  of  Jupiter.  Bather  a  strained  figure 
that  1  For  I  was  meaning  Jupiter  to  represent  the  Common  Law 
of  England,  and  therefore  I  was  referring  to  Jupiter  at  the  time 
he  led  a  decent  life — say,  after  he  had  overthrown  Saturn  and 
before  his  flirtations  began  I  In  this  department  of  jurispru- 
dence, the  law  of  contract,  your  services  have  been  very  real^and 
in  its  literature  almost  monumental.  The  labors  of  Story  lift 
your  representation  to  a  great  height.  And  when  that  gifted, 
brilliant  American,  statesman  and  lawyer,  Mr.  Benjamin,  landed 
on  the  English  shore,  we  received  with  no  grudging  admiration 
his  work  on  Sale;  and  the  man  who  wrote  it  ranked  with  our 
hearty  good-will  among  our  highest  in  the  law. 

I  venture  to  accentuate  this  solidarity  between  England  and 
America  on  Contract  Law.  In  your  case  its  principles  inform 
and  regulate  over  a  vast  and  active  continent  stretching  from 
ocean  to  ocean.  In  our  case  they  interlace  the  world.  Natur- 
ally,  the  same  principles  are  found,  and  possibly  even  better 
co-ordinated,  in  other  lands — say  in  France  imder  the  Code 
Napoleon :  Naturally  they  are  derivative  from  ancient  systems ; 
historically  they  may  be  said  to  have  foimd  luminous  exposition 
by  the  immortal  jurists  of  the  Age  of  the  Antonines,  who  subtly 
threaded  their  way  through  technicalities  into  the  open  air  of 
fair  dealing.  A  claim  of  monopoly  would  be  absurd ;  we  do  not 
set  ourselves  up  as  the  first  and  true  inventors.  But  it  is  ours 
to  acknowledge  and  to  share,  and  over  vast  spaces  of  the  earth 
to  distribute  a  priceless  inheritance,  which  has  helped  to  dissi- 
pate the  misunderstanding,  to  smooth  the  intercourse  and  to 
ihcrease  the  comforts  of  mankind. 

It  is  the  fact  of  this  common  inheritance  which  lays  a  special 
obligation  upon  the  lawyers  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  race.    Between 


LORD  SHAW.  225 

them^  the  United  States  and  the  British  Empire,  largely  shaxe 
the  distribution  of  the  resources  of  the  earth  and  the  manufac- 
ture of  those  resources  for  the  use  of  man.  Take  the  old  Soman 
classification,  if  you  like,  say,  of  the  consensual  contracts :  Sale 
(Emptie-venditio) ;  Agency  (Mandatum) ;  Hiring  (locatiO' 
condudio) ;  and  Partnership  (Sodetas) ,  How  embracive  the 
category  is  I  But  did  ever  the  wildest  dreamer  among  the 
absolutists  of  the  ancient  world  conceive  of  the  vast  fertility  of 
illustration  of  the  items  of  the  list  which  a  new  world  displays  ? 
For  the  emptia-venditio  go  to  your  emporia,  your  bourses,  your 
exchanges.  For  Societas,  watch  your  great  Corporations,  sd 
powerful  as  to  threaten  to  dominate  legislatures  and  states. 
For  Locatio-conductio,  see  your  networks  of  railways,  your 
shipping  enterprises^  your  transport  linking  ocean  with  ocean. 
.  For  mandatum,  your  drummers  drumming  everywhere,  by  land 
and  sea. 

Greater  than  dreams  have  your  enterprises  spread ;  but,  spread 
they  ever  so  far,  one  thing  accompanies  them,  inexorably,  inevit- 
ably, as  shadow  follows  substance.  With  them  all  goes  the  law. 
It  checks  misdeeds,  ensures  equality  of  appeal,  removes  crooked- 
ness and  chicane,  respects  neither  rank  nor  power  as  between 
the  bargainers,  ever  and  everywhere  insisting  on  a  square  deal; 
ever  and  everywhere  taking  its  stand  on  principles  whose  foun- 
dations are  truth  and  whose  comer  stone  is  honesty.  See  how 
glorious  your  profession  is  I  See  how  mistaken  those  are  who 
think  it  outgrown  or  effete!  I  have  a  respect  for  theology;  but 
its  timidities  and  some  of  its  ongoings,  in  times  which  demanded 
plain  and  frequent  ethical  reminders,  have  made  me  not  so  sure 
about  it.  Anyhow,  I  am  venturing  in  your  presence  the  propo- 
sition that  in  this  age  which  so  often  shows  itself  a  brazenly 
material  age  it  is  the  profession  of  the  law  that  is  the  unques- 
tionable instrument  of  an  appeal,  not  to  technique,  not  to  vogue 
or  fkshion  or  more  correctitude,  but  in  the  ultimate  resort  to 
ethical  standards  which  no  age  can  outlive,  and  no  progress  can 
trample  underfoot. 

I  am  not  a  professor,  nor  the  son  of  a  professor,  and  I  claim 
no  title  to  inflict  upon  you  an  address  enumerating  categories 
or  laying  out  elaborate  parallels.  I  have  not  learning  enough  to 
speak  to  learned  men  didactically,  but  one  cannot  have  lived 


i  226  THE  WIDENDrO  RANOB  Oi?  LAW. 


through  a  long  and  varied  professional  life  withont  certain 
things  having  stood  out^  as  able  to  stand  the  test  of  experience^ 
as  very  real  and  on  the  whole  very  helpful  things.  My  only 
wish  is  to  speak  to  you  today  more  by  way  of  simple  contributing 
to  the  common  stock  of  ideaa  which  we  put  into  our  mutual 
exchange.  Therefore  I  do  not  presume  to  dwell  much  further 
on  the  Law '  of  Contract  or  to  pass  definitely  to  propositions  on 
other  definite  sections  of  the  law.  Let  us  simply  go  on  thinking 
together. 

It  does  strike  me^  for  instance,  that  apropos  not  of  contract 
alone,  but  of  many  other  branches  of  the  law,  there  is  a  two-fold 
development  which,  having  a  historical  origin,  is  very  notable  and 
very  wholesome  in  our  own  time.  The  age  has  gone  by  for 
symbolical  and  ceremonial  procedure  which  has  lost  its  useful- 
ness and  meaning.  In  regard  to  the  sale  of  real  estate  what 
changes  have  occurred  even  in  my  time!  As  a  boy,  I  have 
copied  out  deeds  which  have  narrated  with  precise  notarial  detail 
how  seisin  was  given — actually  given — ^for  lands  by  handing  over 
earth  and  stone,  for  mills  by  the  giving  of  clap  and  happer,  for 
houses  by  hasp  and  staple,  for  fishings  a  net,  for  annual  rents 
a  penny,  each  tangible  thing  sold  having  its  tangible  sample 
and  symbol  which  made  visible  the  entry  of  a  new  owner  and 
possessor.  The  appeal  to  the  sense  was  plain :  The  notary  certi- 
fying "  vidi,  sdvi,  et  andvoi,"  with  lots  of  other  Latin  added — 
or  a  raw  and  canine  order.  Nowadays,  the  substance  of  sale 
remains,  but  the  symbolism  of  the  real  contract  has  passed  away. 
The  literal  contract  has  been  reached,  and  all  stands  alone  upon 
the  written  word.  Now  turn  this  matter  about.  From  the  real 
contracts  where  more  than  the  written  word  was  required;  look 
now  at  the  purely  consensual  contracts  which  required  no  writing 
at  all.  The  means  for  the  transmission  and  record  of  thought 
have  now  vastly  changed  from  the  day  when  the  Boman  pain- 
fully recorded  the  literal  contract  with  his  stilus  on  a  tablet  of 
wax.  Then  consensual  contracts  stood  a  great  way  apart  from 
literal.  But  now,  with  the  spread  of  education  and  the  advance 
of  science,  the  use  of  letter,  of  telegram  and  of  the  telephone 
message  confirmed  by  the  business  man's  note — all  these  lift  the 
bulk  of  the  consensual  contracts  into  the  grip  of  a  literal  record, 


LOBD  SHAW.  2S7 

and  that  so  effectively  that  one  may  explain  the  record  if  it  be 
ambiguoua^  but^  if  not,  one  must  stand  to  it,  and  to  vary  it  is 
bad  law. 

From  these  two  directions  accordingly,  the  one  where  all  was 
form  and  ceremony,  the  other  where  there  was  the  spoken  word 
alone,  the  force  of  the  legal  pressure  of  later  days  has  be^i 
concentrated  upon  the  construction  and  interpretation  of  the 
written  word.  This  is  so  in  a  sense  applicable  far  beyond  the 
range  of  individual  bargains  and  covering  not  them  alone  but 
writings  of  aU  kinds,  wills  and  settlements,  deeds  of  gift,  and 
trusts;  higher  still  articles  of  association  and  prospectuses;  higher 
still  legislative  acts  and  statutes  themselves ;  and  then  still  higher 
the  constitutions  of  states  and  provinces,  of  dominions  and  com- 
monwealths. 

« 

There  thus  come  into  the  literature  of  law  powerful  and 
profound  books,  and  a  wealth  of  cases  so  perplexing  as,  if  yielded 
to,  would  drive  analysis  to  the  point  of  contortion  and  the  lawyer 
or  student  to  confusion  and  sheer  mystification  of  mind.  It  is 
so  in  the  humble  and  ordinary  life  of  the  practitioner.  As  the 
range  of  law  widens  and  arises,  then  the  clash  of  interests  and 
the  intrusion  of  prejudices  social  and  national  and  international, 
are  apt  to  disturb  fair  judgment  and  all  this  makes  a  grounding 
in  the  principles  of  true  interpretation,  imperative  as  a  salvation 
from  sheer  mischance  of  such  a  nature  were  the  problems  which 
confronted  the  greatest  of  American  jurists  John  Marshall; 
and  his  masterly  solutions  lifted  the  office  of  Chief  Justice  of  the 
United  States  high  among  the  great  places  of  the  center  and 
tinked  it  for  ever  with  his  name.  When  you  consider  what  the 
handling  of  these  problems  means  in  the  equipment  of  the 
human  mind,  then  you  get  some  light  on  the  phenomenon  that 
in  all  ages  and  in  nearly  every  country  the  profession  of  the 
law  gives  its  quota  of  power  to  statesmanship  and  public  life. 
Exposition  is  the  skill  of  the  lawyer;  enforcement  is  his  art; 
but  interpretation  is  the  foundation  of  his  science. 

To  get  at  the  essential  meaning  which  the  words  under  con- 
struction signify  is  a  psychological  exercise  far  too  little  appre- 
ciated. It  is  in  modem  as  in  ancient  times,  -there  are  serious 
obstacles  to  getting  at  the  true  interpretation  of  disputed  words. 
In  ancient  times  the  obstacle  was  formality — ^in  modern  times 


228  THB  WIDENING  RANOB  OF  LAW. 

it  is  authority.  A  consensus  ad  idem  did  not  of  old  get  into  the 
region  of  discussion  until  a  minute  examination  had  been  made 
into  the  forms  and  ceremonies  in  which  it  had  been  clothed. 
Did  these  f ail^  as  the  law  prescribed,  then  the  examination,  the 
true  interpretation,  ended  before  it  had  begun.  These  hare 
now  largely  disappeared  from  the  ground.  But  in  their  place 
and  now  for  generations  in  their  place  has  grown  up  a  new 
obstacle^  thick  as  the  jungle.  The  words  haye  already  been  in 
the  hands  of  the  judicial  commentators;  and,  as  is  the  way  with 
commentators,  the  one  refers  to  the  other  and  the  third  to  the 
preceding  two  till  the  text  is  obscured  aad  the  vision  of  the 
interpreter  cannot  get  through  the  thicket  except  at  the  risk  of 
his  being  considered  a  rebel  and  iconoclast.  Any  recent  statute 
forms  an  illustration  ready  to  hand.  Hardly  is  it  bom  into 
the  world,  till  judges  fall  upon  it,  tearing  it  analytically  to 
pieces;  and  unless  they  called  it  at  least  inartistic  they  would  not 
be  in  the  fashion  I  But  then  their  turn  comes;  and  their  fre- 
quent Unes  of  error  are  produced  and  produced  with  a  touching 
deference,  till  by  and  by  the  plain  English  of  the  act  does  not 
know  itself ;  and  only  great  judges  take  the  liberty  to  announce 
that  the  act  means  what  it  says.  If  you  have  in  your  great 
country  statutes  like  the  Employers  Liability  Acts  and  the 
Workmen's  Compensation  Acts,  such  as  we  have  in  ours,  you 
may  have  an  inkling  of  my  meaning. 

The  danger  of  obscuring  the  text  by  the  commentaries  is  not 
confined  to  statutes  of  the  realm.  It  appears  over  and  over 
again  in  humbler  and  more  homely  spheres.  Particular  words 
of  a  will  in  a  certain  context  are  interpreted  to  mean  one  thing 
and  it  is  so  decided;  then  the  same  words  in  quite  a  different 
context  are  held  to  mean  the  same  thing,  because  it  has  been  so 
decided.  Thus  so-called  rules  of  construction  are  formed — ^the 
rule  in  this  case  or  the  other — and  they  are  applied,  amidst 
difSculties  which  no  well-instructed  practitioner  daxe  avoid,  al- 
though he  and  everyone  else  knows  that  the  meaning  put  upon 
words  is  very  different  from  what  it  would  have  been  if  the 
ground  had  only  been  clear. 

I  have  observed  with  no  little  satisfaction,  in  recent  years, 
a  more  determined  effort  towards  reversion  to  the  text  itself, 
and  a  desire  to  avoid  shackling  the  ordinary  English  language 


LOBD  8HAW.  229 

with  conventional  fommlfle.  A  conyenient  illustration  of  what 
I  mean  occurred  no  later  than  last  year  in  the  case  of  Lucas 
Tooth.  It  appeared  that  the  ordinary  expression^  the  simple 
word  ''  then/'  had  been  the  subject  of  repeated  decisions  and  so 
had  been  given  a  cast-iron  and  conventional  turn.  One  noble 
Lord  stated  thus  the  tendency  upon  which  I  have  been  venturing 
to  reflect: . 

When  a  category  or  enumeration,  ventured  upon  even  by  high  author- 
ity, is  sought  to  be  imposed  upon  a  simple  and  oonunon  word  of  the 
Fngli<ib  language,  courts  of  interpretation  must  preserve  their  freedom 
of  contact  with  toe  mind  and  meaning  to  be  interpreted,  that  mind  hav^ 
ingused  the  medimn  of  unartificial  and  ordinary  speech. 

\Vords  themselves  change  in  meaning ;  even  punctuation,  or  the  order 
in  which  tfcdnes  are  set  down  may  have  its  significance;  ana  the  nuances 
of  expression  have  an  infinite  variety.  Out  of  the  categories  or  generali- 
sations you  may  no  doubt  construct  a  machine  which  would  stamp 
ordinary  words  with  a  meaning  which  their  author  would  promptly 
disavow.  The  generalization  becomes  a  category,  the  categorsr  becomes 
a  rule,  and  the  rule  becomes  a  bed  of  Procrustes  upon  wmch  words 
and  expressions  must  be  stretched,  but  which,  as  one  is  unhappily 
conscious,  they  can  only  Be  made  to  match  by  torture  or  by  mutilation. 
The  meaning  of  the  testator  is  not  thus  reached,  and  misinterpretation 
results. 

The  case  of  Procrustes  occurs  often  enough.  The  literalisty 
very  loyal  to  authority,  stands  within  it  as  within  a  fortification. 
If  you  tell  him  that "  the  letter  Idlleth  but  the  Spirit  giveth  life  ^' 
he  asks  you  for  the  reference;  and  then^  when  you  give  it^  he 
says  that  he  has  not  got  the  book  in  his  library.  Tet  must  it  not 
be  true  that  wherever  that  spirit  has  been  violated^  then  it  stands 
to  reason  that  some  element  of  mischance  may  have  crept  in? 
Alas !  in  this  world  the  smooth  has  to  be  taken  with  the  rough, 
and  literalism  with  its  mischances  haa  the  merit  at  least  of  bind- 
ing judges  and  interpreters  to  construct  the  actual  terms  em- 
ployed, without  daring  to  invent  for  themselves  another  mean- 
ing not  out  of  the  grantor's  words  but  out  of  their  own  head. 

I  grant  that  point;  but  when  that  is  granted  all  is  said  in 
favour  of  the  Procrustes  method.  VHiat  then,  gentlemen  of 
the  Bar,  what  is  to  be  done?  Struggle  and  wrestle  you  must 
with  these  difiSculties,  sometimes  on  an  immense  scale.  Take 
my  advice :  the  figure  in  mythology  which  will  help  you  most  is 
not  Procrustes  the  tyrant  of  the  iron  measure,  but  a  giant  and 
a  stmggler  like  yourselves,  by  name  Antaeus.  According  to 
tradition  he  was  a  great  fighter.  He  overcame  and  subdued  all 
enemies,  but  the  secret  of  his  power  was  that,  being  the  son  of 


230  THE   WIDENING  RANGE  OP  LAW. 

Neptune  and  Terra,  of  ocean  and  of  Earth,  he  kept  his  feet  in 
touch  with  mother  earth  and  thus  found,  at  every  crisis  of  battle, 
refreshment  and  new  life.  Finally  he  was  overthrown;  but 
Hercules  could  not  have  accomplished  the  task  except  by  lifting 
him  from  the  earth  and  squeezing  him  to  death  in  the  air. 
There  is  our  lesson  as  interpreting,  constructive  lawyers.  Let 
us  keep  in  touch  with  mother  earth.  Do  not  let  any  Hercules  of 
convention  lift  us  from  that  ground  of  common  sense  to  which 
we  owe  all  that  strengthening,  all  that  re-invigoration,  all  that 
vitality  which  nerves  us  in  the  struggle.  So  surely  as  we  shall 
be  lifted  above  the  realities  of  the  case,  then  so  surely  shall  we 
be  overcome.  Stand  squarely  on  the  solid  ground  of  mother 
earth;  even  in  the  struggle  where  many  authorities  are  heaved 
at  you  and  many  rules,  and  the  wisdom  of  many  ancients  are 
fired  at  you  to  blow  you  into  the  air,  stand  firm,  and  you  will 
grapple  with  all  these  assailants  and  all  their  weapons.  In  the 
end  you  will  triumph  by  the  strength  of  vision  which  has 
enabled  you  to  see  beneath  decided  cases  their  true  essential 
meaning  and  to  test  authority  even  in  its  highest  decisions,  not 
by  head  notes  or  rubrics,  but  by  the  fundamental  principles 
rooted  in  reason  and  grounded  in  sense  which  in  the  particular 
case  they  purported  to  expound. 

Yes,  there  have  always  been,  and  to  this  hour  there  are,  two 
schools  in  jurisprudence;  the  school  of  Procrustes,  and  the 
school  of  Antaeus.  I  suppose  the  tyrant  Procrustes  had  his 
uses  although  I  have  never  had  much  favor  for  him.  But  An- 
tseus  guides  the  whole  life.  The  lesson  of  his  strengthening 
contact  with  reality  is  a  lesson  forever. 

This  determined  loyalty  to  sense  of  truth  never  degrades  but 
always  adorns  the  law.  This  it  is  which  is  the  death  of  trickery, 
which  is  the  searching  out  and  the  stamping  underfoot  of  fraud, 
which  is  the  unravelling  of  the  dexterities  of  deceit,  which  is  the 
homage  to  justice  which  underlies  every  act  of  a  professional 
man.  No,  in  this  enterprise  of  searching  for  truth,  no  greater 
advances  have  been  made,  probably  in  any  age,  than  in  our  own 
time.  But  beneath  it  all  there  lies  that  essential  fundamental 
fact  to  which  I  have  alluded,  that  there  are  standards  of  inter- 
pretation which  are  solid  and  infallible,  and  any  resort  reached 
even  by  the  most  casuistical  interpretation  which  varies  these 
standards  is  a  line  which  leads  to  loss  and  misery  and  wrong. 


LOBD  SHAW.  281 

Upon  this  topic,  one  department  of  law  to  which  I  specially 
refer  is  that  in  regard  to  the  rescission  of  contracts.  In  Scot- 
land it  is  called  a  reduction^  and  until  a  few  years  ago  it  was 
expressed  in  an  emphatic  redundancy  worthy  of  the  Schoolmen 
of  the  middle  ages.  The  will  or  testament,  a  contract^  a  gift,  or 
what  not  was  to  be  '^reduced,  retreated,  rescinded,  cassed,  an- 
nulled, decerned  and  declared  to  have  been  from  the  beginning, 
to  be  now,  and  in  all  time  coming  of  no  avail,  force  or  effect  in 
judgment  or  out  with  the  same  and  the  defender  reponed  there 
against  in  integrum.'^ 

ITow  was  not  that  a  mouth  filler?  And  many  a  battle  has 
been  waged  over  the  issue  which  it  raised.  You  know  the  sort 
of  inquiry  to  which  I  refer.  Many  of  you  have  no  doubt  had 
enthralling  adventures  in  that  line.  The  whole  department  is 
founded  on  the  simple  proposition  that  a  thing  which  is  essen- 
tially a  wrong  as  between  man  and  man  should  not  stand.  I  do 
not  enter  into  the  refinements  as  to  the  declaration  in  one  case 
as  to  whether  the  deed  or  document  is  ipso  jure  void  or  whether 
it  it  only  voidable.  I  am  upon  things  much  more  fundamental 
than  that.  The  categories  of  fraud,  of  concealment  of  essential 
particulars  by  one  party  from  the  knowledge  of  the  other,  of 
duress  in  the  sense  either  of  actual  '^  force  and  fear'^  or.xmdue 
infiuence  by  such  predominance  of  the  will  of  one  party  over 
that  of  the  either  as  to  make  the  latter  not  a  free  agent,  all  that 
set  of  causes  which  comes  before  the  courts,  are  the  assertion  of 
one  fundamental  principle.  That  principle  is  that  law  will 
not  recognize  if  it  can  avoid  it,  any  act,  agreement,  contract  or 
obligation  unless  these  are  acts  of  men  who  were  both  truly 
sane  and  truly  free.  Justice  becomes  the  handmaid  of  truth, 
jurisprudence  the  vindicator  of  freedom. 

The  essential  privilege  of  law  is  to  defend  the  canon  of  its 
equality — ^namely,  that  all  must  have  equal  treatment  by  the 
law,  as  the  broad  inevitable  resultant  right  of  free  citizenship. 
When  every  citizen  can  truly  feel  that  the  law  can  be  appealed 
to  as  his  friend,  then  strength  and  healing  come  into  the  body 
politic  and  the  function  of  law,  even  on  the  every-day  level  of 
individual  disputes  and  of  differences  between  man  and  man, 
adds  to  the  healthy  sense  of  independence  which  is  the  essential 
of  progress.     But  whenever  men,  decent  men,  not  rebels  or 


832  THB  WIDBNINQ  BANGS  OF  LAW. 

criminals^  cower  beneath  the  law,  being  afraid  of  its  inequality; 
Baying  to  themselves  "  the  world  is  not  my  friend,  nor  the  world's 
law,''  then  they  become  the  starved  apothecaries  of  society  and 
are  tempted  to  meannesses  and  evil  ways.  And  that  society  is 
rotten  where  one  citizen  as  against  another  can  overpower  him 
or  undermine  him  by  law  wielded  with  an  uneven  hand.  Only 
the  blind,  the  cruel,  or  the  unjust  in  heart  can  wink  the  eye 
at  this  unnameable  curse. 

Probably  upon  this  continent,  great  as  it  is,  you  do  not  recog- 
nize that  wide  plane  of  equality  to  which  I  refer.  It  is  your 
privilege  to  distribute  justice  to  that  marvellous  agglomeration 
of  races  which  America  has  taken  t6  her  broad  bosom.  She 
speaks  to  them  the  English  tongue;  she  nourishes  and  educates 
them  in  the  practices  of  freedom,  she  inducts  them  into  that 
fundamental  respect  for  organized  society  which  only  law  can 
conserve :  Above  all  no  race,  religion,  color,  origin,  dare,  arrest 
or  deflect  the  course  of  justice.  All  alike  are  equal  before  the 
law.  These  every-day  things,  the  straight  deal,  the  even  hand  so 
commonplace  are  they  that  one  is  apt  to  lose  the  sense  of  their 
enormous  power. 

From  every  disorganized  quarter  of  the  globe  this  rich  land 
becomes  a  refuge  in  which,  to  its  astonishment,  right  becomes  a 
real  possession,  maintained  unfalteringly  between  the  highest 
and  the  lowest,  the  richest  and  the  poorest,  and  the  appeal  to 
law  is  itself  a  right  universal.  But  when  I  speak  in  these  high 
terms  of  freedom  and  independence,  of  equality  and  right,  as 
they  are  known  within  your  borders,  I  cannot  restrict  my  vision. 
My  own  experience  forbids  me.  Next  week  I  shall  have  to  ad- 
dress the  Bar  of  Canada  on  particular  problems  connected 
with  the  administration  of  Justice  by  the  Judicial  Committee 
of  the  Privy  Council.  The  jurisdiction  of  that  body  extends 
over  one-fourth  of  the  population  of  the  globe;  the  jurisdiction 
of  your  Supreme  Court  added  to  that  makes  the  principles  of 
our  laws  cover  nearly  one-third  of  the  human  race.  But  how 
wide  soever  may  be  the  range,  you  and  we  recognize  that  this 
is  not  a  question  of  what  race,  creed,  nationality  or  people,  law 
is  to  be  applied  to.  It  is  a  question  fundamental  to  the  admini- 
stration of  widely  different  laws  and  systems  of  jurisprudence, 
some  modem,  some  traditional,  some  tribal,  some  as  old  as 


LOBD  SHAW.  233 

recorded  history,  wherever  a  system  of  law  or  jurisprndence  is 
worthy  of  the  name  these  fundamental  principles  and  especially 
this  canon  of  fair  and  equal  treatment  must  apply. 

Now  that  I  am  upon  this  topic  of  what  I  may  call  the  funda- 
mentals of  law,  its  deep  basic  universal  principles,  I  recognize 
too  well  the  needs  -of  the  occasion  and  the  limitations  of  my 
own  capacity  to  venture  upon  a  detailed  or  didactic  exposition 
of  a  subject  so  large  and  grave. 

But  as  we  go  on  thinking  together,  would  you  suffer  from 
me  this: 

Having  had  to  study  for  many  years  the  clash  of  opinioh 
and  the  collision  of  interests,  not  alone  between  individual  men 
but,  on  a  higher  range,  between  classes  of  society,  and,  on  a 
still  higher,  between  state  and  commonwealth,  between  province 
and  dominion,  do  let  us  hear  in  mind  the  correlations  of  things. 
If  the  correlations  of  things  be  truly  grasped,  then  the  very 
secret  of  justice  has  been  unveiled. 

Let  me  try  to  explain  to  you  what  I  mean  by  this.  The  ideals 
have  in  them  nothing  abstruse,  nothing  revolutionary,  and,  as 
you  know,  there  is  nothing  new  under  the  sun.  If  any  of  you 
smell  Hegel  and  German  philosophy  about,  I  cannot  help  that. 

Take  that  thing  which  we  call  a  man's  right.  He  ought  to 
be  able  to  vindicate  it  against  all  the  world.  But  one  imperious 
and  resounding  prohibition  is  laid  upon  him ;  he  cannot  take  the 
law  into  his  own  hand.  And  well  he  knows  if  he  thinks  of  his 
own  right  and  of  himself  alone,  and  begins  to  exercise  it  with 
that  sole  idea,  then  collisions  will  take  place,  he  will  encounter 
surprises  and  mishaps  and  he  will  come  to  grief.  What  has 
happened  to  him?  He  has  forgotten  that  the  correlative  of 
right  is  duty.  Sic  utere  tuo  id  alienum  non  Icsdas,  But  the 
law  does  not  forget  it.  And  that  law  which  he  dare  not  take  into 
his  own  hand  as  a  master  he  can  appeal  to  with  the  submissive 
mind.  For  justice  exists;  that  austere  reconciler  of  right  with 
duty.  As  deep  and  elementary  as  the  distinction  in  philosophy 
between  the  ego  and  non-ego,  is  the  broad  plain  fact  that  there 
are  others  in  the  world  besides  the  appellant  who  also  have 
rights,  and  that  the  interdependence  of  rights  and  their  poise 
and  balance  with  duties  is  secured  by  the  arbitrament  of  a  third 
principle,  namely,  justice  itself.    Justice  conserving  the  rights 


234  THB   WIDENING  RANGE  OF   LAW. 

of  all,  and  commanding  the  duties  of  all,  issues  its  decree  that 
right  and  duty  must  dwell  together  in  the  peace  of  mutuality. 
In  this  mutuality  of  rights  and  of  duties  both  can  be  evolved 
into  that  glorious  harmony  wherein  law  is  vindicated,  force 
restrained  and  progress  possible,  and  peace  among  men  the 
every-day  achievement  of  social  life. 

Do  not  please,  be  superior  to  these  views  about  the  correlation 
of  ideas.  You  may  find  before  we  have  done  with  them  that  they 
have  a  far  reach. 

Let  us  now  leave  the  ground  floor,  on  which  are  exhibited 
those  ordinary  difl5culties  which  demand  solution  and  settlement 
between  citizens  in  ordinary  life.  Let  us  ascend,  taking  our 
principles  with  us — always  doing  that — into  the  higher  and 
wider  regions  of  the  relations  of  class  with  class,  religion  with 
religion,  party  with  party,  political,  economic,  industrial.  Here 
in  a  moment  we  feel  the  need  of  principles  and  the  supreme 
usefulness  of  those  in  this  wider  air.  Here  again,  I  repeat  it, 
do  not,  please  do  not  forget  the  correlatives.  As  on  the  more 
ordinary  level  the  plainest  correlation  was  between  right  and 
duty,  now  a  further  correlation  has  appeared — the  correlation 
of  order  with  liberty. 

Disputes  among  classes  are  wider  in  scale,  often  more  sinister 
in  the  appeal  both  to- force  and  to  prejudice  and  more  dangerous 
to  society  at  large.  But  the  figure  which  must  now  stand 
''  betwixt  the  fell  incensed  points  of  mighty  opposites '' — is  still 
as  before  the  same  august  figure  of  justice  itself,  with  law  as  its 
instrument  of  reconciliation. 

Again  the  temptation  is  great  to  exult  in  liberty  and  to 
achieve  its  own  rights  at  its  own  hand.  The  temptation  is  vastly 
reinforced  by  combination,  and  sheer  lawlessness  gets  many  to 
defend  it. 

Something  has  been  forgotten  in  all  this,  namely,  a  correla- 
tive, and  the  correlative  of  liberty  is  order.  Society,  however, 
even  in  convulsion  demands  that  neither  class,  religion  nor 
party  shall  be  denied  freedom,  that  that  freedom  is  a  noble 
thing,  so  noble  that  the  freedom  of  all  must  be  protected  by 
the  freedom  of  each  being  exercised  within  the  limits  of  public 
order.  And  so  freedom  and  order  are  made  to  dwell  together, 
and  the  opposites  are  correlated  by  a  third  entity,  that  austere 


LOBD  shaW.  236 

reconciled  justice,  and  society  is  saved.  The  brutalities  of  force 
are  subdued,  the  widespread  miseries  and  sorrows  of  combatant 
and  non-combatant  alike  are  assuaged — ^these  yield  to  the  arbi- 
trament of  reason.  The  submission  is  made  to  justice  and  to  law 
under  appeals  which  are  oftentimes  conducted  on  both  sides  with 
the  most  accomplished  skill.  I  can  in  my  own  experience  as  an 
arbitrator  testify  to  this  at  first  hand.  * 

The  range  of  law  on  this  higher  level  is  wider.  Sometimes 
the  texts  of  statutes  are  cited,  sometimes  the  rules  of  common 
law  or  even  its  procedure;  but  everywhere  and  always  those 
principles  are  appealed  to  which  give  equality  of  treatment,  the 
just  poise  and  balance,  the  rights  of  each  to  be  duly  respected, 
the  duties  of  each  to  be  faithfully  performed,  under  conditions 
of  discipline  which  will  yet  preserve  freedom  unimpaired,  but 
make  it  a  well-ordered  freedom.  And  above  and  around  and 
beneath  all  an  undying  homage  must  be  paid  to  the  eternal 
principles  of  justice  and  the  square  deal. 

To  each  class  equal  law  must  be  applied.  To  take  an  illus- 
tration, once  an  agreement  is  reached  under  free  and  orderly  and 
equal  conditions  such  as  would  sustain  an  agreement  on  the 
principles  of  law,  the  duty  of  the  employer  to  pay  and  the 
right  of  the  worker  to  receive  wages  as  per  the  agreement  and 
these  to  the  last  cent,  and  the  right  of  the  employer  to  receive 
and  the  duty  of  the  ;(vorker  to  give  work  as  per  the  agreement 
and  that  to  the  last  minute.  To  neither  is  chicane  or  adultera- 
tion permitted.  The  worker  gives  true  and  not  adulterated 
labor;  the  master  gives  true  and  not  adulterated  coin.  The  true 
metal  on  either  side;  no  alloy;  no  quibbling;  honesty  forbids. 
Be  very  frank  and  fearless  about  this.  N"o  liberty  of  any  class, 
no  discipline  by  any  class  can  evade  this :  The  attempt  whether 
by  intimidation  or  force  on  either  hand  is  tyranny;  honesty 
forbids. 

I  take  no  gloomy  view  of  all  this.  For  I  recognize  that  more 
and  more  as  moral  and  economic  education  proceeds,  the  ranks 
of  all  classes  are  coming  to  recognize  that  the  way  both  of 
prosperity  and  peace  lies  in  the  recognition  of  those  standards 
which  are  at  once  ethical  and  legal  standards. 

Every  other  weapon  breaks  in  pieces  or  explodes  in  self- 
destruction.    And  every  one  that  wields  it,  as  is  th^  d^  in 


836  THE  WIDENING  RANGE  OF  LAW. 

Russia  today^  from  the  despot  doctrinaire  downwards  to  the 
famished  dying  innocent  millions,  every  one  must  sooner  or 
later  feel  that 

Tis  safer  to  be  that  which  we  destroy 
Than  by  destruction  dwell  in  doubtful  joy.  / 

Time  was  when  the  so-called  governing  classes  called  for  disci- 
pline^ f 09  order^  order  and  more  order,  with  a  gibe  and  a  blow 
on  the  head  for  liberty  whenever  it  appeared.  That  was  the 
despot's  code.  And  then  the  time  comes  when  the  vaunted  order 
is  overthrown  by  those  very  forces  of  liberty  which  it  was  trying 
to  repress. 

Then  another  era  arises,  and  liberty  has  its  spell  of  excess, 
breaking  up  all  order  in  its  early  headlong  career,  then  liberty 
breaks  into  anarchy,  and  falls^  groping  after  order,  into  the 
cruellest  of  despotism  and  in  a  whirligig  of  inconsequence  liberty 
itself  has  been  destroyed.  Yes:  "these  violent  delights  have 
violent  ends.'*  The  times  move  fast  and  with  tragic  steps. 
Witliin  one  decade  and  within  one  land  the  world  has  had  the 
transitions  from  autocracy  to  Bolsheyi^m.  It  has  been  seen  how 
order  and  liberty  are  both  needed  by  mankind;  both  must  live, 
or  each  will  fall  to  pieces.  And  the  last  of  calamities  will  have 
come,  because  society  will  have  forsaken  justice,  justice  equal 
to  all  men  and  to  every  class,  justice  the  reconciler.  Burke's 
was  a  great  saying :  "  Liberty  to  be  enjoyed  must  be  limited  by 
law;  for  where  law  ends  there  tyranny  b%ins;  and  the  tyranny 
is  the  same  be  it  the  tyranny  of  a  monarch  or  a  multitude ;  nay, 
the  tyranny  of  the  multitude  may  be  the  greater,  since  it  is 
multiplied  tyranny.'' 

As  in  the  humbler  sphere  where  the  law  knows  neither  rich 
nor  poor,  so  among  classes  the  law  knows  neither  high  nor  low, 
supreme  or  struggling,  influential  or  humble,  and  deals  with  all 
with  an  equal  hand  and  an  equal  mind.    Without  that  there  can 

,  be  no  democracy  of  free  men,  for  that  unnameable  thing,  cor- 
ruption, can  cause  society  to  rot.    Give  what  name  you  like  to 

•  the  colliding  forces,  call  one  organized  labor  and  the  other 
organized  capital,  law  in  the  administration  of  justice  knows 
neither  the  one  nor  the  other.  The  humblest  organized  workers 
have  equal  rights  themselves,  not  only  against  organized  capital, 
but  against  the  organizations  of  their  own  class. 


LOBD  8HAW.  937 

When  claisses^  however^  axe  divided  against  classes^  then  too 
often  a  more  serious  trouble  appears.    It  is  not  now  the  applica- 
tion of  legal  principles — ^those  of  justice :  It  is  the  abjuring  of 
legal  methods — ^those  of  reason.    The  awful  collision  has  come — 
the  collision  between  power  and  reason,  between  class  despotism 
and  tyranny  on  the  one  hand,  and  freedom  and  equality  on  the 
other.    The  cardinal  principle  is  the  appeal  to  justice — each  of 
its  class  has  its  rights  against  the  other^  each  of  its  class  has  its 
duty  to  the  other  in  asserting  the  rights  and  in  performing  the 
duties,  each  has  its  liberty  of  assertion  but  each  in  the  perform- 
ance of  its  duty  must  be  restrained  by  that  order  which  ensures 
the  liberty  of  all.    It  is  indeed^  gentlemen  of  the  American  Bar 
Association,  a  tough  nut.    The  appellants  in  the  case  are  truly 
not  one  class  against  another,  but  society  against  both.    Over 
all  classes  as  over  all  individuals,  the  whole  body  politic  must 
assert  the  law,  a  law  for  all  alike,  a  defence  and  a  security  for 
human  society  itself.    Against  this  even-handed  justice  no  isms 
and  shams  can  prevail,  laborism,  capitalism,  bourgeoisie,  plutoc- 
racy, proletariet,  all  these  are  the  forms  and  shows,  the  red  rags, 
the  drums  and  trumpets;  the  substance  of  the  issue  is — shall 
freedom  and  order  live  together,  shall  right  and  duty  respect 
each  other  ?    And  shall,  lastly,  the  method  of  settlement  and  the 
solution  of  these  eternal  problems  lie  with  the  brutality  of  force, 
or  with  the  ministry  of  substantial  reason.     With  its  whole 
power  law  supports  the  latter,  and  in  this  noble  service  to  human- 
ity it  dare  scrap  neither  its  principles  nor  its  methods.    In  fair 
weather  or  in  foul  it  will  abjure  the  brutality  of  force;  it  will 
uplift  the  juster,  humaner,  diviner  ministry  of  reason,  and  in 
this  the  law  as  with  a  crowning  consecration  demands  the 
homage  of  the  soul. 

That  very  fine  thinker  and  eloquent  man  Sir  James  Mackin- 
tosh would,  I  feel  sure,  have  agreed  with  this;  and  he  expresses 
his  ideas  with  a  very  stately  diction.  *' There  is  not,*'  s^ys  he, 
**  in  my  opinion,  in  the  whole  compass  of  human  affairs,  so  noble 
a  spectacle  as  that  which  is  displayed  in  the  progress  of  juris- 
prudence; where  we  may  contemplate  the  cautious  and  unwearied 
exertions  of  a  succession  of  wise  men  through  a  long  course  of 
aged,  withdrawing  every  case  as  it  arises  from  the  dangerous 
power  of  discretion,  and  subjecting  it  to  inflexible  rules — ex- 


238  THE  WIDENING  RANGE  OF   LAW. 

tending  the  dominion  of  justice  and  reason  and  gradually  con- 
centrating, within  the  narrowest  possible  limits,  the  domain  of 
brutal  force  and  arbitrary  will/' 

So  far  for  the  correlation  of  ideas — right  and  duty,  order  and 
freedom.  They  are  regulative  in  the  individual  and  the  social 
relations;  but  they  are  appUcable  in  much  more  extended 
quarters  than  the  bounds  of  one  nation,  they  invade,  they  must 
invade  the  international  sphere.  So  widening  is,  must  be,  the 
range  of  law. 

Let  us  proceed,  however,  to  consider  quite  another  and  a  very 
different  topic,  and  so  approach  the  higher  region.  Not  corre- 
lations now  but  collisions.  Not  correlations  of  ideas  but  colli-> 
sions  of  method.  Here  is  no  blending,  no  co-ordination,  no  com- 
promise. It  is  war  to  the  knife — ^war  between  the  method  of 
force  on  the  one  hand  and  the  method  of  reason  on  the  other. 
Reason  and  force  since  the  world  began  have  been  in  grips. 
When  the  former  has  prevailed  the  majesty  of  the  law  has  been 
justified.  When  the  latter  has  prevailed  civilization  has  been 
wounded,  the  estimate  of  human  life  has  been  lowered,  the 
achievements  of  mankind  have  been  destroyed,  and  law  itself 
has  fallen  from  its  high  estate,  dethroned,  brutalized  and  then 
trampled  imderfoot. 

In  every  range  of  law,  from  the  humblest  to  the  highest,  this 
operates.  When  the  superior  in  position,  in  influence,  in  num- 
bers, in  adherents  or  in  rank  takes  the  law  into  his  own  hands, 
then  the  insistence  of  the  domination  of  force  over  reason  is 
promptly  illustrated,  and  the  private  wrong  calls  aloud  for  legal 
redress.  But  the  rejection  of  the  domination  of  force,  the  taking 
of  law  into  its  own  hand,  applies  not  to  individuals  alone  and  on 
the  higher  range  to  classes  of  society,  but  it  applies  still  higher; 
all  nations,  sooner  or  later,  who  in  this  collision  between  force 
and  law  prefer  domination  and  power,  come  to  a  miserable  end ; 
they  that  use  the  sword  perish  by  the  sword.  Law  reaches  up  to 
this  higher  level,  and  as  the  years  go  forward  will  do  so  with 
a  greater  and  greater  majesty  of  command;  and  justice,  still 
the  reconciler,  will  carry  its  principles  with  it  into  that  highest 
range,  adjuring  force  as  a  solvent  of  disputes,  upholding  the  way 
of  reason,  and  asking  the  aid  of  great  lawyers  as  its  ministers. 


LORD  SHAW.  239 

So  we  come  to  realize  that  the  dispeiiBiiig  of  justice  is  no 
despot's  behest,  but  is  part  as  I  say  of  the  ministry  of  reason  in 
the  affairs  of  men.  Thus,  as  you  ascend^  the  view  widens,  and 
everyhere^  a/s  I  see  it,  the  range  of  law  is  seen  to  ascend.  But, 
ministers  of  reason,  bestir  yourselves.  For  tiie  other  side,  the 
brutality  of  force  has  but  the  other  day  been  vastly  reinforced. 

A  new  fear  it  as  the  heart  of  mankind  at  this  hour.  It  is 
connected  with  the  advance  of  science.  Never  since  the  world 
began  had  force,  brutality  and  anarchy  such  an  opportunity. 
War,  with  all  its  sacrifice,  has  not  been  too  dear  if  it  open  the 
eyes  of  mankind  to  the  appalling  gravity  of  continuing  in  the 
worship  of  force  and  of  further  defying  the  governance  of  reason. 
A  new  era  opens  to  mankind.  If  you  conceive  of  international 
law  as  binding  all  nations,  then  international  law,  I  speak  it 
with  sorrow  but  conviction,  international  law  is  in  ruins.  Force 
under  immoral  or  non-moral  control  can,  we  know,  undo,  and 
has  undone,  the  humanest  conventions  of  the  ages.  And  a  de- 
struction can  now  be  accomplished  in  the  course  of  minutes 
which  will  overthrow  the  achievements  of  mankind  built  up  in 
the  course  of  centuries.    The  earth  is  affrighted. 

Men,  unless  reason  and  the  arbitrament  of  justice  be  reasserted 
on  the  earth,  will  hide  beneath  the  ground  on  which  the  ruins  of 
human  happiness  have  been  overthrown.  Do  you  think  this 
picture  overdrawn  ?    Well,  listen  to  this : 

Let  me  quote  from  that  most  distinguished  soldier,  Major- 

General  Sir  Frederick  Maurice : 

Early  in  May,  1915,  the  Germans  made  their  second  gas  attack  at 
Ypres,  employing  a  far  ^eater  volume  of  gas  than  in  their  first  attack. 
I  remember  that  early  m  the  morning,  when  this  second  attack  took 
place,  I  was  riding  just  outside  Haasebrouck  when  my  horse  suddenly 
refused  to  go  a  yard  further,  and  soon  after  I  felt  my  own  eyes  smarting. 
When  I  got  back  to  my  office  I  received  a  telegram  with  the  news  of 
the  gas  attack,  and  realized  that  I  and  my  horse  had  felt  the  sas  21 
miles  from  the  place  where  it  had  been  discharged.  If  that  gas  had  been 
really  poisonous,  thousands  of  women  and  children  in  Haasebrouck 
that  day  might  have  been  killed.  A  fleet  of  aeroplanes  could  now  carry 
for  several  hundred  miles  as  much  gas  as  the  Germans  discharged  on  that 
occasion,  and  if  the  gas  were  really  poisonous,  and  the  breeze  carried  it 
for  a  distance  of  21  miles  from  the  place  where  it  was  dropped,  the 
destruction  of  the  civil  populaticm  would  indeed  be  wholesale. 

So  it  has  come  to  this.  The  conflict  as  old  as  history,  between 
right  and  wrong,  the  solutions  as  old  as  history,  between  material 
advancement   eventually   pursued   and   ideal   progress   legally 


\ 


240  THB  WIDENING  RANGE  OF  LAW. 

achieved^  yet  still  there  remains  acknowledged  remedies  as  cruel 
as  the  darkest  records  of  uncivilized  humanity^  of  the  adjust- 
ment of  human  affairs  by  force  instead  of  by  law.  All  these 
things  are  before  our  mind  now,  but  they  have  assumed  a  darker 
color.  The  glory  of  our  estate  is  shrouded  by  fear.  The  weak- 
nesses of  our  remedies  are  pitiful  to  see.  The  cry  of  aggrieved 
mankind  is  unavailing  forever  unless  a  new  method^  a  new  range 
of  law  be  reached  under  which  an  orderly  humanity  shaU  be 
free,  regardful  of  right  and  of  duty  and  submissive  to  justice 
after  reasoned  appeal. 

^'Pride^  pomp  and  circumstance  of  glorious  wax''  have  dis- 
appeared into  a  chemical  cauldron.  Chivalry  and  military  glory^ 
there  seems  no  room  for  them  under  the  sim.  They  have  fled  and 
in  their  place  is  left  only  the  diabolism  of  the  laboratory.  The 
powers  of  nature  will  undo  us  if  they  are  in  charge  of  the  passions 
of  men.  The  restraint  of  human  ambition  will  be  ineffectual 
unless  humanity  itself  and  its  greatest  nations  rise  in  revolt 
against  the  tyranny  of  those  methods  which^  regardless  of  law, 
have  triumphimtly  cuWinated  by  striking  h«mamty  down. 

In  this  task  of  widening  the  range  of  law  your  great  country 
has  produced  supremely  great  advocates.  I  sometimes  think 
that  the  federal  idea^  the  idea  which  the  genius  of  Hamilton 
and  Washington  combined  to  impress  upon  your  people^  under 
which  state  rights  could  be  guaranteed  and  the  union  kept 
secure,  is  on  the  eve  of  establishment  on  a  world  scale.  All 
nations  claim  their  state  rights,  all  nations  protest  against  a 
super-state,  just  as  Hamilton's  battles  had  to  be  fought  against 
a  similar  idea  of  the  union  being  regarded  as  a  super-state. 

Far-sighted,  able,  philosophically  minded  men,  have  discerned 
the  day  in  which  we  now  live,  and  the  light  of  humanity  in  which 
we  now  welter.  To  them  it  was  justice,  the  verdict  of  reason  and 
to  appeal  to  law,  which  are  the  salvation  of  mankind,  and  that 
appeal  was  grounded  upon  essential  and  fundamental  principles 
of  right,  distributed  with  equal  hand  against  wrong,  from  the 
humblest  to  the  highest  spheres  of  human  association  and  activ- 
ity. To  the  philosophers  like  Kant  and  Grotius  have  succeeded 
men  of  powerful  practical  insight,  such  as  your  own  presidents. 
Twelve  years  ago  President  Boosevelt  visited  Christiania.  He 
received  there  the  Nobel  prize,  and  delivered  his  lecture  on  in- 


LORD  SHAW.  S41 

temational  peace,  and  the  words  he  cited  are  the  noble  words  of 
which  every  American  and  every  humanitarian  should  be  proud. 
They  are  these : 

There  is  at  least  as  much  need  to  curb  the  cruel  greed  and  arrogance 
of  part  of  the  world  of  capital,  to  curb  the  cruel  greed  and  violence  of 
part  of  the  world  of  labor  as  to  check  a  cruel  and  unhealthy  militarism 
in  international  relationships.  I  would  like  you  to  think  over  the  wa^ 
that  I  have  put  that.  I  shall  ever  denounce  wrong-doing  because  it  is 
wrong,  whether,  done  by  the  rich  or  by  "the  poor. 

We  must  ever  bear  in  mind  that  the  great  end  in  view  is  righteous- 
ness, justice  as  between  man  and  man,  nation  and  nation,  the  chance  to 
lead  our  lives  on  a  somewhat  higher  level,  with  a  broader  spirit  of 
brotherly  good-will  one  for  another.  Peace  is  generally  good  in  itself, 
but  it  is  never  the  highest  good  unless  it  comes  as  ihe  handmaid  of 
righteousnesB;  and  it  becomes  a  very  evil  thing  if  it  serves  merely 
as  a  made  of  cowardice  and  sloth,  or  as  an  instrument  to  further  the 
ends  of  despotism  or  anarchy 

Now,  having  freely  admitted  the  limitations  to  our  work,  and  the 
qualifications  to  be  borne  in  mind,  I  feel  that  I  have  the  right  to  have 
my  words  taken  seriously  when  I  point  out  where,  jn  my  judgment,  great 
advances  can  be  made  m  the  cause  of  international  peace.  I  speak  as 
a  practical  man,  and  whatever  I  now  advocate  I  actually  tried  to  do 
when  I  was  for  the  time  being  the  head  of  a  great  nation  and  keenly 
jealous  of  its  honor  and  interest.  I  ask  other  nations  to  do  only  what  I 
should  be  glad  to  see  my  own  nation  do. 

Both  upon  its  ideal  and  its  practical  sides  this  policy  has 
been  followed  by  your  great  presidents  and  men  of  affairs. 
Humanity  in  its  noblest  sense  has  never  had  better  service  than 
from  your  most  thoughtful  of  men.  I  think  of  men  still  living. 
Not  of  your  two  great  presidents  alone^  Mr.  Wilson  and  Mr. 
Harding^  but  of  your  great  president  and  Chief  Justice  Taft — 
that  valiant  and  unwearied  soul,  and  of  another  whose  handwrit- 
ing I  have  gratefully  detected  in  the  humaner  details  of  those 
fine  pacts  for  the  pacific  and  for  the  limitation  of  armaments — 
I  call  him  the  Orotius  of  America/ and  his  name  is  Elihu  Boot. 

You  see  how  I  love  the  idea  of  justice  as  the  reconciler  of 
antitheses.  Even  political  antitheses  come  under  its  sway:  Be 
these  great  men  Sepnblicans  or  Democrats,  bless  and  honour 
them  all ;  they  meet  on  the  level  of  seeking  and  following  after 
justice.  And  it  is  this  which  makes  a  law  association,  serene 
in  the  exercise  of  its  function  and  proud  in  its  ministry,  no 
unfitting  place  for  thoughts  as  wide  as  bringing  the  world  under 
homage  to  peace. 

Humanity  lies  bleeding  and  stricken,  and  on  many  fair  spaces 
of  the  earth  alike  the  hand  of  war  and  the  hand  of  the  doctrinaire 
who  knows  not  justice  lie  heavy  like  a  curse.    We  think  of  the 


242  THE   WIDENING   RANGE  OF  LAW. 

tiiiion  of  the  English  speaking  race,  not  for  its  own  sake,  but, 
at  this  crisis  of  the  history  of  the  world,  for  the  serrice  that 
lies  to  its  hand — to  staunch  wounds,  to  redress  wrongs,  to 
remove  oppressions,  and,  better  than  all  these,  to  teach  men  a 
new  and  better  way  for  body  and  for  soul.  In  this  communion 
of  service  let  our  comradeship  be  sanctified ;  its  foundations  will 
be  €UTe ;  a  comradeship  of  righteousness. 

We  men  of  the  Anglo-American  race,  we  must  be  comrades  all, 
'comrades  forever.  And  I  kiiow  no  plainer  call  to  the  comrade- 
ship of  righteousness  than  a  common  loyalty  to  law,  and  to 
methods  of  its  sure  and  equal  appeal  to  reason.  Our  reward  is 
before  us.  The  inspired  prophetic  word  still  rin^s  like  a 
command — '^and  the  work  of  righteousness  shall  be  peace,  and 
the  effect  of  righteousness  quietness  and  assurance  forever.** 

My  appeal  to  you,  gentlemen  of  the  American  Bar,  is  that  the 
ancient  grudge  should  go  and  go  forever,  and  that  the  ancient 
comradeship  should  be  renewed  and  repledged,  renewed  and 
repledged  forever. 

By  your  forbearance,  may  I  add  this  concluding  word.  Do  not 
think,  do  not  dream,  that  we  on  the  other  side  are  not  aware  of 
and  not  sympathetic  with  you  in  those  constitutional  difficulties 
with  which  you  are  confronted.  We  know  the  fulminations  of 
Jefferson  against  alliances,  we  know  the  power  of  the  written 
constitution,  not  only  over  your  minds  but  most  deservedly  over 
your  affections  and  your  hearts.  It  will  be  highest  task  of  your 
statesmanship  to  evolve  out  of  the  citizenship  of  America  some- 
thing which  honoring  and  conserving  it,  will  yet  give  it  a  lofty 
place  in  the  citizenship  of  the  world.  These  things  cannot  be 
forced.  To  your  statesmen  and  your  great  lawyers  problems  of 
constitutional  complexity  will  arise,  misunderstandings  will  have 
to  be  faced.  It  will  be  on  a  world  scale  with  them  as  (^  an 
American  scale  it  was  with  Washington  and  with  Hamilton 
when,  to  their  eternal  honor,  they  unified  America  and  answered 
the  extreme  state  rights  claim  with  the  federal  idea.  But  I  have 
no  fears  for  the  result :  Friendship  claims  it,  the  world  awaits  it. 
Hard  and  many  the  difficulties  will  be.  But  is  it  not  so  in  life  ? 
How  often  amidst  the  misrepresentations,  the  trials,  the  buffet- 
ings  of  fortune,  or  the  desertion  of  friends,  have  we  not  recalled 
the  words  of  WasWngtpft  whjle  |ie  yrss  in  the  sapje  coil  oi  t?Q.uW« 


LORD  SHAW. 


243 


as  for  some  years  to  come  will  confront  your  public  men.    But 

we  must  go  forward;  we  must  follow  the  light:  from  this  the 

attractions  of  popularity  dare  not  deflect  us.    In  the  hazards  of 

private  life  and  professional  it  is  as  true  as  in  those  of  great 

public  issues,  we  remember  Washington's  pronouncement : 

If  to  please  the  people  we  offer  what  we  ourselveB  disapprove,  how 
can  we  afterwards  defend  our  work?  Let  us  raise  a  standanl  to  which 
the  wise  and  honest  can  repair.   The  event  is  in  the  hand  of  Go^. 


THE  DIVISION  OF  GOVERNMENTAL  POWERS  IN 

PRANCE  AND  AMERICA. 

M.  HENRY  AUBEPIN, 

OV  PABIB,  FBANC8. 

I  bring  to  the  American  Bar  Association  the  greeting  of  their 
brethrea  of  the  Bar  of  Paris. 

It  is  needless  for  me  to  state  that  we  appreciate  the  honor  you 
have  done  us  in  wishing  to  have  a  representative  designated  by 
French  lawyers  with  you  at  your  annual  meeting. 

As  for  myself;  I  fully  understand  the  importance  of  the  mission 
that  ha^  been  entrusted  to  me  and  it  will  be  the  honor  of  my 
career  to  have  been  the  messenger  of  my  confreres  on  the  other 
side  of  the  ocean  to  my  brethren  of  this  free  and  glorious  America, 
to  which  we  are  bound  by  so  many  memories  and  the  irresistible 
emotions  of  our  hearts. 

Both  you  and  we,  gentlemen,  love  liberty.  We  have  suffered 
and  have  fought  for  it,  and  it  was  only  necessary  that  it  should 
be  in  peril  to  find  ourselves  reunited  under  its  standards.  You 
and  we,  and  our  friends  the  English,  have  saved  liberty  once 
more,  and  now  that  it  is  again  safe  from  the  blows  directed  against 
it,  it  is  sweet  and  satisfying  for  a  citizen  of  free  France,  who  has 
devoted  his  life  to  the  study  and  defense  of  justice,  to  come  to  this 
land  of  liberty  and  celebrate  with  such  eminent  jurists  as  you 
the  worship  of  law  which  can  exist  only  in  the  pure  atmosphere 
of  liberty. 

I  should  like,  gentlemen,  to  discuss  with  you  today  a  subject 
which  in  France  is  occupying  our  thoughts:  It  is  iiie  relation 
that  exists  between  the  Executive,  the  Legislative  and  the  Judicial 
powers.  There  seems  to  be  developing  among  us  an  evolution 
which  has  already  been  completed  in  your  country.  It  may 
interest  you  to  learn  how  this  problem  presents  itself  in  my 
country,  and  I  know  you  will  not  think  me  indiscreet  if  I  ask  you 
to  let  us  profit  by  your  experience  and  permit  me  to  take  back  to 
Paris  the  enlightened  opinions  which  I  shall  be  able  to  obtain  here. 

(244) 


IC.  HHKBY  AUBHPIN.  245 

Under  the  influence  of  fhe  ideae  of  Montefiqnieu  and  of  his 
'^  Spirit  of  Laws/'  we  adopted  the  dogma  of  the  separation  of 
powers  in  order  to  maintain  an  eqnilibritun  between  the  three 
branches,  the  Ezeeutivey  Legislatiye  and  Judicial,  and  to  make  the 
separation  absolute  we  have  enclosed  each  in  its  own  sphere — ^al- 
most in  what  might  be  called  its  own  compartment.  But  in  human 
affairs  it  is  rare  that  separations  of  this  kind  are  definitive;  it  is 
rare  that  one  of  the  branches  does  not  give  off  other  branches 
which  extend  to  the  neighbor,  arresting  its  development  until  it 
is  atrophied.  But  it  is  not  always  the  same  branch  that  prevails 
or  succumbs.  A  branch  will  be  strong  and  flourishing  in  one  cli- 
mate and  weak  in  another.  It  would  seem  that  in  America  the 
Judicial  has  gained  the  supremacy  over  the  other  two  branches, 
while  in  France  it  is  the  Legislati,ve  that  has  become  supreme. 
Your  courts  determine  the  constitutionality  of  laws,  ours  only 
apply  them. 

Formerly  our  Parliament  had  a  right  of  remonstrance  against 
royal  ordinances,  and  it  is  not  necessary  for  me  to  recall  to  such 
a  learned  body  as  this,  how  useful,  and  at  times  necessary,  this 
right  was.  But  with  the  Bevolution  and  with  the  application  of 
the  principle  of  the  separation  of  powers  the  rdle  of  each  was 
strictly  defined — the  function  of  the  Judiciary  was  to  apply  the 
decisions  made  by  the  Legislature.    Montesquieu  wrote : 

The  closer  the  government  approaches  to  a  republic  the  more  the 

dedaions  of  the  courts  are  determiaed  by  fixed  rules In  a 

republican  form  of  government  it  is  of  the  essence  of  the  Constitution 
that  the  judges  follow  the  letter  of  the  law 

And  again : 

If  the  courts  are  not  to  be  controlled  by  fixed  rules,  their  decisions  must 
be  so,  to  the  extent  that  they  should  never  go  beyond  the  text  of  the 
law  itself.  If  th^  were  the  individual  opinions  of  the  judges,  we  ^ould 
be  living  in  a  world  where  we  should  not  know  what  ^ligations  we 
were  contracting. 

The  Constituent  Assembly  went  further  than  merely  to  absorb 
Montesquieu^s  ideas;  it  appropriated  them  and  carried  them  out 
to  their  most  extreme  consequences.  By  the  fundamental  decree 
of  August  16-24, 1790,  which  confirmed  the  separation  of  powers, 
it  was  the  Assembly  which  enacted  the  laws  and  interpreted  them. 
A  little  later  there  was  created  another  body,  the  Trtbunal  de 


246        GOVEBNMENTAL   P0WBR8  IN    FBANCB  AND  AMBRIOA. 

CiMsation,  whode  duty  it  was  to  supervise  most  rigorously  the 
strict  application  of  the  law  by  the  bodies  charged  with  that  duty. 
The  mission  of  the  Tribunal  de  Cassation  was  to  anniQ  every  judg- 
ment which  contravened  in  any  way  the  text  of  the  law.  The 
whole  system  has  been  summarized  by  a  learned  author  as  follows : 

The  courts  must  obey  the  law,  and  the  law  should  suffice  for  them 
to  do  justice;  if,  for  example,  the  judges  openly  disre^rd  it,  the  Tri^ 
hunal  de  Cassation  is  there  to  annul  their  decision.  If,  m  spite  of  rever- 
sal, the  lower  courts  continue  to  resist,  so  that  a  second  reversal  is 
required,  then  a  presumption  arises  that  the  law  is  obscure  or  insufficient 
on  the  point  at  issued  The  Tribunal  de  Cassation  ^i^uld  then  demand 
an  official  and  obligatory  interpretation  from  the  Legislature,  which  is 
the  only  body  competent  to  settle  judicial  problems. 

Robespierre  said : 

The  expression  "  Jurisprudence  des  Tribunaux,"  in  the  sense  in  which 
it  was  used  under  the  old  r^ime  has  no  further  significance.  It  should 
be  erased  from  our  language.  In  a  state  which  has  a  Constitution  and 
a  L^islature,  "la  jurisprudence  des  Tribunaux''  is  nothing  but  the 
law  itself. 

The  Convention^  which  succeeded  the  Constituent  Assembly, 
went  so  far  as  to  reverse  the  judgments  of  the  Tribunal  de  Cassa- 
tion. The  absolute  supremacy  of  the  legislative  power  was  thus 
politically  and  philosophically  confirmed. 

The  authors  of  the  Civil  Code  did  not  believe^  perhaps^  as 
strongly  as  their  Revolutionary  predecessors  in  the  absolute  virtue 
of  the  text  of  a  law;  they  would,  however,  have  been  astonished 
if  they  had  heard  the  statement  made  a  century  later  by  the  first 
Magistrate  of  France,  le  Premier  President  of  the  Court  of  Cassa- 
tion, Mr.  Ballot  Beaupr6,  on  the  occasion  of  the  celebration  of  the 
Centenary  of  the  Civil  Code. 

When  the  text  is  clear  and  precise  in  form  and  does  not  allow  of  any 
doubt,  the  judge  is  bound  to  conform  and  obey ;  if  he  does  not,  he  fails 
in  an  elementary  duty,  and  such  abuses,  should  they  become  general, 
would  produce  veritable  anarchy.  But  when  the  text  presents  some 
ambiguity,  when  doubts  arise  as  to  its  meaning  and  extent,  when,  taken 
in  connection  with  another  text  it  can  be  to  an  extent  contradicted  or 
limited,  or,  on  the  other  hand,  extended,  I  am  of  opinion  tliat  in  such 
a  case  the  judge  has  the  widest  powers  of  interpretation.  He  should 
not  obstinately  try  to  discover  the  thought  of  the  authors  of  the  Code  a 
hundred  years  ago  in  drafting  such  and  such  an  article;  he  should  ask 
himself  what  their  thoughts  would  have  been  had  they  been  drafting 
the  same  article  today;  he  should  say  to  himself  that  in  view  of  all  the 
changes  which  have  occurred  during  the  last  century  in  the  ideas,  the 
habits,  the  institutions,  the  economio  and  social  state  of  France,  justice 
and  reason  require  that  the  text  be  adapted  liberally  and  humanely  to 
the  realities  and  the  needs  of  modem  Life. 


M.   HBNTRY  AUBBPIN.  247 

To  adapt  the  text  of  the  law  to  the  exigencies  of  life — that  is 
something  tliat  would  make  the  legislators  of  the  beginning  of 
the  last  century  rage  in  their  graves ! 

And  yet  President  Ballot  Beaupr^  cites  many  cases  where  the 
judge,  jSuding  himself  faced  by  conditions  which  the  authors  of 
the  code  had  not  provided  for,  either  because  they  did  not  exist 
or  because  they  were  not  foreseen,  has  made  his  decision  by  apply- 
ing in  a  broad  and  remarkably  liberal  spitit  the  provisions  of 
the  Code  Napoleon. 

As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  judge  is  frequently  forced  to  supple- 
ment the  law.  Portalis,  himself,  one  of  the  authors  of  the  Civil 
Code,  said:  "It  is  impossible  for  a  legislator . to  provide  for 
everything.  A  code,  no  matter  how  complete  it  may  seem,  is  no 
sooner  drafted  than  a  thousand  unexpected  questions  present 
themselves  to  the  magistrate;  but  in  none  of  these  cases  do  we 
see  the  judge  rectify  the  law.** 

Now  a  new  tendency  is  leading  the  judge  to  correct  the  work 
of  the  legislator.  It  is  especially  in  our  war  legislation  that  this 
tendency  is  manifested.  As  a  learned  author  remarks,  our 
Supreme  Court  has  shown  in  these  circumstances  a  distinct 
tendency  to  treat  the  legislative  texts  with  greater  liberty  than  in 
the  past.  You,  yourselves,  I  have  been  informed,  have  not 
escaped  more  than  we,  what  we  call  in  France  the  Housing  Crisis. 
It  exists  everywhere  with  us,  in  the  smallest  villages  as  well  as 
the  most  populous  centers.  Last  year  one  of  my  friends,  a  lawyer, 
had  a  striking  example  of  this.  When  we  go  to  plead  before  a 
provincial  court,  it  is  customary  to  call  on  the  president  of  the 
Tribunal  at  his  own  home.  My  friend,  having  inquired  for  the 
residence  of  the  president,  was  informed  that  he  would  finr5  the 
magistrate  in  the  Palais  de  Justice.  My  friend  went  there  and 
found  the  judge  in  the  room  reserved  for  the  deliberations  of  the 
judges.  But  what  was  his  stupefaction  when  he  saw  in  this  room 
a  bed!  "Ah,  yes,**  said  the  president,  observing  his  astonish- 
ment, "as  there  is  no  unoccupied  apartment  in  town,  this  is 
where  I  live.** 

This  abnormal  state  of  affairs  is  the  cause,  unless  it  be  the 
result,  of  the  whole  system  of  legislation. 

Charged  with  the  duty  of  applying  the  law  in  regard  to  rents, 
and,  above  all,,  with  the  necessity  of  enforcing  the  legal  prolonga- 


248       GOVERNMENTAL  POWEBS   IN   FRANOB  AND  AKBBICA. 

tion  of  leases^  the  courts  give  an  interpretation  to  the  law  which 
appears  to  the  legislators  so  contrary  to  the  thought  which  in- 
spired it  that  three  times  they  have  passed  statutes  in  order  to 
induce  the  judges  to  serve  their  will. 

But^  gentlemen^  we  have  seen  even  more !  We  have  seen  the 
judge  no  longer  obliged  to  yield  to  the  repeated  orders  of  the 
legislative  power;  we  have  seen  the  legislative  power  bend  to  the 
decisions  of  the  judges. 

War  legislation  furnishes  us  with  still  another  example.  Be- 
side the  heroes^  all  wars  have  produced  speculators  who  have  taken 
advantage  of  the  enormous  needs  of  the  moment  to  raise  the 
prices  of  necessities  in  a  scandalous  manner  and  make  rapid  for- 
tunes. The  last  war^  with  us^  produced,  beside  a  harvest  of  brave 
and  pure  young  men,  an  abominable  crop  of  tares,  the  most 
shameful  of  human  beings,  the  profiteers. 

It  was  necessary  for  the  legislature  to  intervene  and  take  steps 
to  circumvent  the  shameful  movement.  Therefore,  in  1916,  a 
law  was  passed  in  regard  to  illicit  speculation  extending  the  pro- 
visions of  the  Penal  Code  to  those  who  cornered  the  necessities  of 
life  and  to  combinations  of  speculators.  This  statute  inter- 
fered with  the  free  play  of  the  law  of  demand  and  supply, 
and  this  in  turn  would  have  upset  all  markets.  The  courts,  it 
must  be  admitted,  interpreted  the  law  in  such  a  manner  as  to 
avoid  doing  this:  Instead  of  attacking  the  artificial  rise  of 
prices,  they  attacked  the  making  of  an  excessive  profit,  and  in 
order  to  define  an  excessive  profit,  they  arrogated  to  themselves 
the  right  to  fix  the  maximum  profit.  We  lawyers  protested  with 
the  utmost  energy  and  at  every  possible  opportunity  against  an 
application  of  the  law  which  was  contrary  to  the  law  itself,  and 
the  question  was  brought  before  Parliament.  The  author  of  the 
law  himself  protested,  declaring  that  the  courts  were  not  applying 
the  law,  but  were  interpreting  it  in  a  manner  entirely  contrary  to 
the  ideas  of  its  f  ramers.  The  courts  insisted  upon  their  interpre- 
tation and  this  is  what  happened:  Parliament  adhered  to  the 
doctrine  of  the  courts.  Not  only  did  it  no  longer  protest  against 
the  decisions,  it  agreed  so  completely  with  them  as  to  announce 
its  intention  to  extend  the  law  beyond  the  period  when  it  was  to 


M.   HBNBY  AUBBPIK.  M9 

have  terminated.    Tbere^  gentlemen^  is  that  not  a  fine  example 
of  the  progress  of  the  judicial  power  P 

This  is  not  the  only  example  I  could  cite.  A  whole  new  school 
is  coming  into  being  which  gi^es  the  judiciary  power  over  the 
legislature.  In  support  of  their  position  they  refer  to  you^  gentle- 
men^ and  to  your  country. 

Laws  have  been  passed  at  times  which  were  manifestly  con- 
trary to  our  fundamental  law  and  even  to  the  charter  of  our 
country — the  Declaration  of  the  Bights  of  Man  and  of  the  Citi- 
zen. Many  of  our  jurisconsults  would  wish  to  do  away  with  the 
possibility  of  such  attacks  and  seek  to  give  the  judges  the  right 
to  judge  the  law,  and  quite  naturally  hope  to  introduce  into  our 
judicial  system  the  right  of  the  courts  to  pass  on  the  constitu- 
tionality of  laws. 

Are  they  wrong,  or  are  they  right?  You,  gentlemen,  are  in 
the  best  position  to  answer  this  question. 

What  is  the  best  way  to  defend  the  Bight  ?  The  defense  of  the 
Right,  as  I  have  said  before,  is  equally  dear  to  us  both.  You  have, 
indeed,  proved  it.  Eight  years  ago  the  Bight  was  outrageously 
violated.  Treaties  were  violated,  international  law  was  violated, 
and  the  laws  of  war  were  violated.  And  while  we  dung  to  the 
soil  of  our  country  with  the  endurance  and  tenacity  which  are 
the  dominant  qualities  of  the  children  of  France,  the  winds  of 
ocean  carried  to  you  the  echo  of  all  the  outrages  which  the  Bight 
was  suffering.  * 

Then,  in  defense  of  the  Bight,  you  arose ;  and  you,  who  from 
the  first  hours  of  our  trial  had  given  us  the  help  of  your  generous 
charity  brought  us  the  support  of  your  armed  forces.  ^*  Might 
is  greater  than  Bight,''  said  Bismarck.  You,  my  friends,  put 
Might  in  the  camp  of  Bight  and  that  brought  the  victory. 

A  Frenchman  coming  to  America  would  be  an  ingrate  if  he  did 
not  call  up  the  memories  of  all  you  did  for  France.  Here  among 
lawyers  he  may  well  call  up  those  memories,  for  what  you  did  for 
France  you  did  for  the  Bight. 


POSSIBLE  AND  NEEDED  BEPORMS  IN  THE 

ADMINISTRATION  OP  JUSTICE  IN 

THE  FEDERAL  COURTS. 

BT 

WILLIAM  HOWARD  TAFT, 

CHIEF  JUSTIGB  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

I  hope  you  feel  in  a  proper  state  of  mind  this  mornings  in  view 
of  the  roof  under  which  you  are  gathered.  I  don't  know  any 
reason  why  the  distinction  was  made  by  which  Lord  Shaw  of  Dun- 
fermline should  speak  in  a  place  where  athletic  contests  had  there- 
tofore been  had>  and  I  should  be  assigned  to  this  sacred  structure. 
It  was  doubtless  because  they  knew  that  Lord  Shaw  could  be 
trusted  anywhere.  I  am  sorry  that  we  have  not  had  the  benefit 
of  this  fine  church  auditorium  for  all  the  sessions.  I  feel  in 
speaking  here  as  if  I  were  enjoying  an  undue  privilege, — as  if  it 
were  denying  to  others  the  equal  protection  of  the  law,  not  to 
give  them  the  same  opportunity.  However,  I  shall  need  your 
prayers  and  all  your  self-restraint  to  keep  your  attention  to 
what  I  have  to  present  to  you  this  morning,  because  it  is  going 
to  be  dry  to  the  point  of  satisfying  the  Anti-Saloon  League. 

For  many  years,  the  disposition  of  business  in  the  federal  courts 
of  first  instance  was  prompt  and  satisfactory.  This  was  because 
the  business  there  was  limited,  and  the  force  of  judges  sufficient 
to  dispose  of  it ;  but  of  recent  years  the  business  has  grown  be- 
cause of  the  tendency  of  Congress  toward  wider  legislative 
regulation  of  matters  plainly  within  the  federal  power  which  it 
had  not  been  thought  wise  theretofore,  to  subject  to  federal  con- 
trol. More  than  that,  the  general  business  of  the  coxmtry,  and 
the  consequent  litigation  growing  out  of  it  has  increased,  so  that 
even  in  fields  always  occupied  by  the  federal  courts,  the  judicial 
force  has  proved  inadequate.  In  this  situation,  the  war  came  on, 
statutes  were  multiplied,  aad  gave  a  special  stimulus  to  federal 
business.  Since  the  war,  there  has  been  a  great  increase  of 
crimes  of  all  kinds  throughout  the  country.  This  within  the 
federal  jurisdiction  has  included  depredations  on  interstate  com- 
merce, and  schemes  to  defraud  in  which  are  used  facilities  fur- 
nished by  the  general  government. 

(260) 


WILtJAM  MOWAtO)  *t^ATT.  251 

Then  under  the  inspiration  of  the  war^  traffic  in  intozicatLog 
liquors  was  forbidden^  and  under  the  same  inspiration  the  18th 
Amendment  was  passed  and  the  Volstead  Law  was  put  upon  the 
statute  book.  Prosecutions  under  this  law  alone  have  added  to 
the  business  in  the  federal  courts  certainly  10  per  cent;  while 
cases  growing  out  of  the  income  and  other  war  taxation^  out  of 
war  contracts  and  claims  against  the  government^  have  made 
discouraging  arrears  in  many  congested  centers.  The  criminal 
business  has  usually  been  first  attacked^  and  the  effort  to  dispose 
of  it  has  in  soi»e  jurisdictions  nearly  stopped  the  work  on  the 
civil  side. 

The  Attorney-General,  properly  as  it  seems  to  me,  conceived 
that  the  first  step  to  take  was  the  creation  of  new  judgeships. 
A  bill  was  introduced  in  both  Houses  for  the  addition  of  18 
district  judges  to  the  judicial  force,  two  for  each  circuit,  who 
were  not  to  be  assigned  to  any  district,  but  were  to  be  subject  to 
call  to  any  district  in  the  circuit  in  which  they  were  appointed, 
to  assist  the  existing  district  judges.  In  addition,  these  judges 
and  the  existing  district  judges  were  made  subject  to  assignment 
from  one  circuit  to  another  where  the  business  required  it.  The 
suggestion  of  a  flying  squadron  of  judges,  however,  did  not  meet 
with  approval  in  the  House  of  Representatives,  and  the  Judiciary 
Committee  of  that  body  preferred  to  add  local  district  judges 
for  the  districts  where  the  congestion  was  most  apparent. 

Accordingly  a  bill  was  put  through  which  made  new  judges  in 
21  districts.  The  bill  when  it  reached  the  Senate  was  modified 
somewhat.  It  went  to  conference,  and  a  bill  which  provides  for 
24  new  district  judges  and  one  circuit  judge  in  the  Fourth  Cir- 
cuit has  been  reported  to  both  Houses.  It  is  opposed,  and  will 
doubtless  lead  to  discussion;  but  in  view  of  the  previous  votes  in 
the  two  Houses,  it  seems  likely  that  the  bill  will  pass  before  the 
close  of  this  Congress. 

The  bill  contains  a  very  important  provision,  which  it  seems  to 
me  will  make  for  expedition  and  efficiency.  While  the  districts 
which  receive  new  judges  are  those  in  which  additions  to  the 
judicial  force  are  most  needed,  there  are  arrears  in  other  dis- 
tricts and  the  delays  and  defeats  of  justice  are  not  confined  to 
the  normal  jurisdiction  of  the  24  new  judges.  The  new  bill 
atithorizes  a  judicial  council  of  lOgudges,  consisting  of  the  Chief 


252  BSFORMS  IN  THB  ABJCINISTBATION   OF  JUSTIOB. 

ft 

Justice  and  the  senior  associate  judge  of  each  circuit,  which  is  to 
meet  in  Washington  the  last  Monday  in  September,  to  consider 
reports  from  each  district  judge  with  a  description  of  the  char- 
acter of  the  arrears,  and  a  recommendatipn  as  to  the  extra  judicial 
force  needed  in  his  district.  The  conference  thus  called  is  to 
consider  at  large  plans  for  the  ensuing  year  by  which  the  district 
judges  available  for  assignment  may  be  best  used,  l^he  senior 
circuit  judge  of  each  circuit  is  given  authority  to  assign  any 
district  judge  of  one  district  to  any  other  in  his  circuit,  while 
the  Chief  Justice  is  given  authority  to  assign  any  district  judge 
in  one  circuit  to  a  district  in  any  other  circuit,  upon  request  of 
the  senior  circuit  judge  of  the  circuit  to  which  the  district  judge 
is  to  be  assigned,  and  the  consent  of  the  senior  circuit  judge 
of  the  circuit  from  which  he  is  to  be  taken. 

These  provisions  allow  team  work.  They  throw  upon  the  coun- 
cil of  judges  the  responsibility  of  making  the  judicial  force  do  a 
work  which  is  distributed  unevenly  throughout  the  entire  country. 
It  etids  the  absurd  condition,  which  has  heretofore  prevailed, 
under  which  each  district  judge  has  had  to  paddle  his  own  canoe 
and  has  done  as  much  business  as  he  thought  proper.  Thus  one 
judge  has  broken  himself  down  in  attempting  to  get  through  an 
impossible  docket,  and  another  has  let  the  arrears  grow,  in  a  calm 
philosophical  contemplation  of  them  ba  an  inevitable  necessity 
that  need  not  cause  him  to  lie  awai^e  nights.  It  may  take  some 
time  to  get  this  new  machinery  into  working  operation,  but  I  feel 
confident  that  the  change  will  vindicate  itself.  The  application  of 
the  same  executive  principle  to  the  disposition  of  legal  business 
in  the  municipal  courts  of  certain  cities,  and  in  the  courts  of  some 
states,  has  worked  well.  Although  the  whole  United  States  is  a 
more  difficult  field  in  which  to  apply  it,  there  would  seem  to  be  no 
reason  why  its  more  ambitious  application  should  not  prove 
useful. 

A  good  many  objections,  I  may  state  informally,  have  been 
made  to  this  feature  of  the  bill.  It  is  thought  that  it  gives 
too  much  power  to  the  council  of  judges,  and  especially  to  the 
Chief  Justice.  Gentlemen  have  suggested  that  I  would  send  dry 
judges  to  wet  territory  and  wet  judges  to  dry  territory,  oblivious 
of  the  fact  that  the  Chief  Justice  has  not  the  means  of  assigning 
them  to  any  particular  work  in  any  district  to  which  he  may  assign 


WILMAM  HOWARD  TAPT.  253 

tbem^  and  that  assigmnent  to  cases  must  necessarily  be  made  by 
the  local  district  judge  who  is  in  charge^  and  oblivious  of  the  fact 
also  that  it  is  only  by  the  consent  of  the  two  circuit  judges  that 
he  can  act.  It  nevertheless  did  serve  to  call  out  in  the  discussion 
references  to  JeftrejSy  and  other  notorious  judges  in  the  history 
of  our  profession,  which  did  not  seem  to  be  altogether  compli- 
mentary to  those  to  whom  the  references  were  applied. 

Second^  I  come  to  the  appellate  business  in  the  federal  system. 
In  the  old  days  when  business  was  light  in  all  the  federal 
courts,  the  appeals  and  writs  of  error  that  were  taken  to  the 
Supreme  Court  were  not  sufficiently  numerous  to  occupy  the  full 
time  of  the  Supreme  Court  and  the  justices  were  able  to  do  a 
large  amount  of  circuit  work.  Indeed,  under  the  statute,  until 
recent  years,  a  circuit  justice  was  required  to  visit  each  district 
in  the  circuit  to  which  he  was  assigned,  once  in  two  years.  As 
the  appellate  business  grew,  however,  this  rule  became  more 
honored  in  the  breach  tiian  in  the  observance,  and  it  has  now 
been  properly  repealed.  Its  existence,  however,  showed  that  there 
was  a  time  when  its  obligation  was  not  unreasonable. 

It  has  had  one  effect^  good  or  otherwise,  as  you  may  be  affected 
by  it,  that  it  justified  the  adjournment  of  the  Supreme  Court 
early  in  the  spring,  in  order  that  the  Justices  might  do  their 
circuit  work.  And  if  they  didn't  have  any  circuit  work,  the 
logical  result  was  that  it  en^^rged  their  summer  vacation.  Now 
we  have  been  gradually  creeping  up  on  that  vacation,  so  that 
ultimately  it  may  come  within  reasonable  limits. 

In  1891  a  new  intermediate  court  was  created — ^ihe  Circuit 
Court  of  Appeals,  one  to  each  circuit,  and  the  circuit  judges  were 
ultimately  increased  so  as  to  give  three  or  more  circuit  judges 
for  each  court  of  appeals,  except  that  of  the  fourth  circuit  where 
there  are  only  two.  The  new  bill  proposes  to  give  that  circuit  an 
additional  judge.  In  the  Act  of  1891  appeals  were  allowed  from 
the  courts  of  first  instance  to  the  circuit  court  of  appeals,  and, 
speaking  generally,  the  judgments  of  the  new  court  in  cases  de- 
pending on  diverse  citizenship,  patent  cases,  admiralty  cases  and 
criminal  cases,  were  made  final.  This  radical  change  became  neces- 
sary because  of  the  arrears  in  the  Supreme  Court,  which  put 
the  court  three  years  behind  the  disposition  of  its  cases.  The 
new  syjstem  worked  a  great  reform,  and  the  court  was  able 


254  REFORMS   IN   THE  ADMINISTRATION   OF   JUSTICE. 

to  catch  up  and  keep  up  with  its  business  until  within  recent 
years.  Now  there  is  an  interval  of  15  months  between  the  filing 
of  a  case  in  the  court  and  its  hearing.  To  be  exact,  I  had  the 
clerk  give  me  the  time  taken  between  the  filing  of  the  transcript 
and  the  hearing  of  the  last  ten  cases  on  the  regular  docket  heard 
in  the  Supreme  Court,  and  the  average  interval  was  14  months 
and  16  days.  This  is  due  not  alone  to  the  number  of  cases  filed, 
but  also  to  the  fact  that  with  the  increasing  number  of  cases  in 
which  emergent  public  interest  demands  that  a  speedy  disposition 
be  had,  many  cases  are  taken  out  of  their  order  and  are  advanced. 
Much  of  the  time  of  the  court  is  consumed  in  the  hearing  of  such 
cases  and  the  regular  docket  is  delayed. 

The  members  of  the  Supreme  Court  have  become  so  anxious 
to  avoid  another  congestion  like  that  of  the  decade  before  1891, 
that  they  have  deemed  it  proper  themselves  to  prepare  a  new  bill 
amending  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Supreme  Court  and  to  urge  its 
passage.  A  committee  was  appointed  some  two  years  ago,  and 
this  year  they  gave  great  attention  to  it.  The  committee  was 
composed  of  Mr.  Justice  Day,  Mr.  Justice  McKeynolds,  and 
Mr.  Justice  Vandeventer,  while  the  Chief  Justice  was  an  ex- 
oflScio  member.  The  bill  is  now  pending  in  both  houses  of 
Congress*.  The  Act  of  1891  introduced  into  the  appellate-  sys- 
tem a  discretionary  jurisdiction  of  the  Supreme  Court  over 
certain  classes  of  appeals.  It  proceeded  on  the  theory  that  so 
far  as  the  litigants  were  concerned,  their  rights  were  sufficiently 
protected  by  having  one  trial  in  a  court  of  first  instance,  and  one 
appeal  to  a  court  of  appeal,  and  that  an  appeal  to  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States  should  only  be  allowed  in  cases  whose 
consideration  would  be  in  the  public  interest.  Accordingly  under 
existing  law,  appeals  in  diverse  citizenship  cases,  in  patent  cases, 
in  bankruptcy  cases,  in  admiralty  cases,  and  in  criminal  cases, 
can  now  reach  the  Supreme  Court  for  review  only  when  that 
court  shall,  after  consideration  of  the  briefs  and  record,  deem 
it  in  the  public  interest  to  grant  the  writ  of  certiorari.  By 
the  Act  of  1916,  this  discretionary  power  of  the  court  was  ex- 
tended and  its  obligatory  jurisdiction  reduced,  as  to  review  of  the 
state  court  judgments,  so  that  now  the  only  questions  which 
can  come  by  writ  of  error  from  a  state  court  to  the  Supreme 
Court  as  a  matter  of  right,  are  those  in  which  the  validity  of 


WILLIAM  HOWABD  TAFT.  255 

a  state  statate  or  authority  or  of  a  federal  statute  or  authority 
under  the  Constitution  has  been  the  subject  of  consideration 
by  the  state  courts  and  has  been  sustained  in  the  former^  or 
denied  in  the  latter  case.  All  constitutional  questions  arising 
in  the  federal  courts,  in  the  district  courts  or  the  Circuit  Court 
of  Appeals^  subject  to  review  at  all,  may  under  existing  law  be 
brought  to  the  Supreme  Court  as  of  right.  Thus  there  is  a 
distinction  between  writs  of  review  from  the  state  courts  and 
review  of  the  subordinate  ffederal  courts. 

The  new  bill  increases  the  discretionary  appellate  jurisdiction 
now  vested  in  the  Supreme  Court  so  that  no  ^e  of  any  kind  can 
be  taken  from  the  Circuit  Court  of  Appeals  to  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States  without  application  for  a  certiorari. 
Obligatory  appeals  from  all  other  courts  subordinate  to  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  except  from  the  federal 
district  courts  in  a  limited  class  of  cases  and  from  the  state  courts, 
are  also  abolished  and  only  review  by  certiorari  is  provided.  This 
includes  the  Court  of  Appeals  of  the  District  of  Columbia  and  the 
Court  of  Claims,  as  well  as  the  territorial  courts.  Direct  appeals 
from  the  district  courts  to  the  Supreme  Court  in  jurisdictional 
and  constitutional  questions  are  abolished  and  such  questions 
are  to  reach  the  Suprteie  Court  only  through  the  Circuit  Court 
of  Appeals.  These  changes  it  is  thought  will  give  the  Supreme 
Couri;  such  control  over  the  business  ^as  that  it  can  catch  up 
with  its  docket. 

The  objection  urged  to  the  bill  is  that  it  gives  the  Supreme 
Court  too  wide  discretionary  power  in  respect  to  granting  appeals, 
and  that  a  thorough  examination  of  the  cases  on  the  applications 
for  certiorari  is  impossible. 

The  bill  has  been  recommended  by  the  members  of  the  court 
only  after  a  very  full  consideration  of  the  subject.  They  are 
convinced  that  it  is  the  best  and  safest  method  of  avoiding  arrears 
on  their  docket.  It  does  not  need  an  extended  and  close  argument 
upon  the  merits  of  a  question  to  enable  the  court  to  decide  whether 
it  is  important  enough  in  a  public  sense  to  justify  its  considera- 
tion. It  is  not  necessary  upon  such  an  application  for  the  court 
to  decide  the  issues  which  were  considered  below.  That  is  noi 
what  the  certiorari  should  turn  on.  The  court  can  quickly  ac- 
quire knowledge  of  the  nature  of  the  questions  in  the  case  from 

9 


256  BSFOEHS  IN  THB  ADICINISTRATION   OF  JUSTIOB. 

the  briefs  filed.  To  allow  an  oral  argument  on  such  applications 
would  be  largely  to  defeat  the  object  of  the  new  bill.  ETery  brief 
presented  is  carefully  examined  by  each  member  of  the  court  and 
every  case  is  discussed  and  voted  on.  I  want  to  emphasize 
that,  because  I  am  a  witness. 

The  class  of  cases  most  pressed  upon  the  court  for  the  writ  of 
certiorari  is  not  that  of  the  cases  that  involve  serious  constitu- 
tional questions  or  questions  of  public  importance.  The  motive 
of  the  litigants  generally  is  merely  to  get  another  chance  to  have 
questions  of  importance  to  them,  but  not  of  importance  to  the 
public,  passed  upon  by  another  court. 

The  present  discretionary  power  of  the  Supreme  Court  in  allow- 
ing appeals  in  certain  cases  coming  from  state  supreme  courts  and 
involving  federal  constitutional  questions  is  very  little  enlarged 
by  the  new  bill.  The  change  in  the\iew  bill  on  this  point  was 
made  rather  to  clarify  the  meaning  of  the  existing  law  than  to 
enlarge  the  court's  discretion,  and  if  objected  to  may  well  be 
stricken  out.  The  general  power  of  certiorari  in  such  constitu- 
tional questions  was  conferred  in  the  Act  of  1916,  and  has  been 
exercised  ever  since.  It  was  granted  because  Congress  found  that 
counsel  were  often  astute  in  framing  pleadings  in  state  courts  to 
create  an  unsubstantial  issue  of  federal  constitutional  law  and  so 
obtain  an  unwarranted  writ  of  error  to  the  Supreme  Court.  It 
was,  therefore,  thought  wise  not  to  permit  a  writ  of  error  as  of 
right  in  any  cases  except  in  those  in  which  the  plaintiff  in  error 
could  show  that  a  state  court  had  held  a  state  statute  valid  which 
was  said  to  be  in  violation  of  the  federal  Constitution,  or  a  • 
federal  statute  invalid  for  the  same  reason ;  and  to  require  in  all 
other  cases  of  alleged  violation  of  federal  constitutional  limita- 
tion that  the  Supreme  Court  should  be  given  a  preliminary  oppor- 
tunity on  summary  hearing  to  say  whether  the  claim  made  pre- 
sented a  real  question  of  doubtful  constitutional  law^  or  was,  on 
its  face,  unworthy  of  serious  consideration  in  view  of  settled 
principles.  It  was  thought  that  a  court  very  familiar  with  such 
questions  by  constant  application  of  them,  could  in  a  summary 
hearing  separate  wheat  from  the  chaff  and  promptiy  end  litiga- 
tion, the  continuance  of  which  must  do  great  injustice  to  the  suc- 
cessful party  below,  and,  what  is  more  important,  clog  the  docket 
and  delay  the  hearing  of  meritorious  causes. 


WILLIAM  HOWARD  TAJT.  25? 

As  already  said,  the  new.  bill  extends  the  certiorwri  jurisdiction 
of  the  Supreme  Court  to  constitutional  questions  which  are  de- 
cided by  the  federal  circuit  courts  of  appeal.  There  really  isn't 
any  reason  why  a  distinction  should  be  made  between  the  state 
supreme  courts  in  this  regard  and  the  Circuit  Court  of  Appeals. 
If  in  two  federal  courts  whose  reason  for  being  is  to  protect  the 
rights  of  individuals  against  local  prejudice  in  state  courts,  or 
against  infraction  of  their  federal  constitutional  rights,  a  com- 
plainant is  defeated,  surely  it  is  not  conferring  undue  power  upon 
the  Supreme  Court,  whose  members  are  engaged  daily  and  for 
years  in  the  consideration  of  such  questions  and  their  final  adjudi- 
cation, to  provide  a  preliminary  investigation  into  their  serious- 
ness and  importance  before  burdening  that  court  and  its  docket 
with  a  lengthy  and  formal  hearing.  The  public  and  other  liti- 
gants have  rights  in  respect  of  frivolous  and  unnecessary  consump- 
tion of  the  time  of  the  Supreme  Court  which  the  use  of  the  writ  of. 
certiorari  seems  to  be  the  only  practical  method  of  preserving. 
Too  many  appeals  impose  an  unfair  burden  on  the  poor  liti- 
gant. Gentlemen,  speed  and  despatch  in  business  are  essential  to 
do  justice. 

.  Various  methods  have  been  adopted  to  limit  appeals  to  courts 
of  last  resort.  One  is  by  imposing  heavy  costs.  But  that  puts 
the  privilege  within  the  reach  of  the  longer  purse.  Again 
classification  by  subject  matter  has  been  attempted,  but  this 
has  not  prevented  clogging  the  docket  with  cases  presenting  no 
question  of  general  interest  or  diflBculty.  In  Calif  ornia,  in  Ohio, 
in  Illinois  and  in  other  states,  the  legislature  has  extended  to  the 
state  supreme  court  a  discretion  after  preliminary  and  summary 
examination,  to  grant  or  deny  appeals. 

The  failure  of  the  Supreme  Court  to  lay  down  definite  rules 
for  determining  the  cases  in  which  certioraris  should  be  granted 
has  called  for  adverse  conmient.  This  is  unjust.  Certain  general 
rules  have  been  laid  down.  The  writ  is  used  to  secure  uniformity 
of  decision  in  subordinate  courts  of  appeal  and  to  decide  questions 
of  general  public  importance  which  are  not  well  settled.  It  is  said 
that  this  is  vague.  But  the  very  postulate  upon  which  the  discre- 
tion is  granted  is  that  definite  rules  for  determining  the  appeal- 
able cases  have  not  proved  satisfactory,  and  that  it  is  better  to  let 


268  RBFOEMS   IN   THE  ADMINISTRATION.  OF  JUSTICB. 

the  Supreme  Court  distinguish  between  questions  of  real  public 
importance  and  those  whose  decision  is  only  important  to  the 
litigants. 

The  members  of  the  court  have  recommended  the  new  bill  to 
Congress  because  they  believe  it  to  be  the  most  effective  way  of 
speeding  the  disposition  of  causes  before  it  and  therefore  speeding 
justice.  The  gain  which  the  arrears  have  made  upon  the  court 
during  this  last  year  down  to  July  29  is  represented  by  70 
cases^  or  20  per  cent  of  the  whole  number  in  arrear^  and  while  the 
court  will  make  an  effort  to  reduce  the  arrears  the  prospect  is, 
in  view  of  the  great  additions  to  business  in  the  subordinate 
courts,  that  the  court  will  fall  further  and  further  behind. 

I  may  speak  of  a  secondary  reason  why  this  bill  should  pass. 
The  statutes  defining  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Supreme  Court  and 
of  the  circuit  courts  of  appeal  are  not  as  clear  as  they  should  be. 
It  is  necessary  to  consult  a  number  of  them  in  order  to  find  exactly 
what  the  law  is,  and  I  regret  to  say  that  without  clarification  by 
a  revision,  the  law  as  to  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Supreme  Court, 
and  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Appeals,  is  more  or  less  a  trap,  in 
which  counsel  are  sometimes  caught.  This  bill  removes  all  tech- 
nical penalties  for  mistaken  appellate  remedies. 

Of  course  amendments  could  be  made  which  would  easily  cut 
down  the  work  of  the  Supreme  Court,  if  Congress  wishes  to  adopt 
a  different  function  for  the  federal  courts  than  they  now  have. 
If  it  chooses  to  abolish  the  inferior  federal  courts  or  to  take 
away  their  jurisdiction  in  diverse  citizenship  cases  and  in  cases 
involving  a  federal  question,  as  has  been  suggested  by  some,  it 
would  relieve  business  congestion  in  them  and  in  the  Supreme 
Court.  The  theory  is  advanced  that  a  citizen  of  one  state  now 
encounters  no  prejudice  in  the  trial  of  cases  in  the  state  cotirts 
of  another  state,  and  that  the  constitutional  ground  for  the 
diverse  citizenship  of  federal  courts  has  ceased  to  operate.  If 
the  time  has  come  to  cut  down  the  subject  matter  of  federal 
judicial  jurisdiction,  it  simplifies  much  the  question  of  the  bur- 
den of  work  in  the  federal  courts,  but  that  has  not  been  the  ten- 
dency of  late  years.  I  venture  to  think  that  there  may  be  a 
strong  dissent  from  the  view  that  danger  of  local  prejudice  in 
state  courts  against  non-residents  is  at  an  end.  Litigants  from 
the  eastern  part  of  the  country  who  are  expected  to  invest  their 


WILUAM  HOWABD  TAFT.  259 

capital  in  the  West  or  Souths  will  hardly  concede  the  propoaitiou 
that  their  interests  as  creditors  will  be  as  snre  of  impartial  judicial 
consideration  in  a  western  or  southern  state  court  as  in  a  federal 
court.  The  material  question  is  not  so  much  whether  the  justioe 
administered  is  actually  impartial  and  fair^  as  it  is  wbettier  it 
is  thought  to  be  so  by  those  who  are  considering  the  wisdom  of 
iavesting  their  capital  in  states  where  that  capital  is  needed  for 
the  promotion  of  enterprises  and  industrial  and  comznercial 
progress.  No  single  element — and  I  want  to  emphasize  this  be- 
cause 1  donH  think  it  is  always  thought  of — ^no  single  element  in 
our  governmental  system  has  done  so  much  to  secure  capital  for 
the  legitimate  development  of  enterprises  throughout  the  West 
and  South  as  the  existence  of  federal  courts  there,  jrith  a  juris- 
diction to  hear  diverse  citizenship  cases.  But  of  course  the 
taking  away  of  fundamental  jurisdiction  from  the  federal  courts 
is  within  the  power  of  Congress,  and  it  is  not  for  me  to  disouss 
such  a  legislative  policy.  My  suggestions  are  intended  to  meet 
the  situation  as  it  is,  and  to  secure  some  method  by  which 
civil  litigation  under  existing  law  may  be  promptly  and  justly 
dispatched.  The  trial  of  criminal  cases  in  the  federal  courts  is 
not  within  the  scope  of  this  paper. 

A  perfectly  possible  and  important  improvement  in  the  prac- 
tice in  the  federal  courts  ought  to  have  been  made  long  ago. 
It  is  the  abolition  of  two  separate  courts,  one  of  equity  and  one 
of  law,  in  the  consideration  of  civil  cases.  It  has  been  preserved 
in  the  federal  court,  doubtless  out  of  respect  for  the  phrase  '^  cases 
in  law  and  equity  "  used  in  the  description  of  the  judicial  power 
granted  to  the  federal  government  in  the  C!onstitution  of  the 
United  States.  Many  state  courts  years  ago  abolished  the  dis- 
tinction and  properly  brought  all  litigation  in  their  courts  into 
one  form  of  civil  action.  No  right  of  a  litigant  to  a  trial  by 
jury  on  any  issue  upon  which  he  was  entitled  to  the  nghi  of 
trial  by  jury  at  common  law  need  be  abolished  by  the  diange. 
This  is  shown  by  the  every-day  practice  in  any  state  court  that 
hais  a  code  of  civil  procedure.  The  same  thing  is  true  with 
reference  to  the  many  forms  of  equitable  relief  which  were  intro- 
duced by  the  chancellor  to  avoid  the  inelasticity,  the  rigidity, 
inadequacy  and  injustice  of  common  law  rules  and  remedies.  The 
intervention  of  a  proceeding  in  equity  to  stay  prooeedings  at  com- 


260  BBFOBMS   IN  THS  ADMINISTRATION  OF  JUSTIOB. 

mon  law  and  transfer  the  issues  of  a  case  to  a  hearing  before  the 
chancellor  was  effective  to  prevent  a  jury  trial  at  common  hm  long 
before  our  Constitution,  and  would  not  be  any  more  so  under  a 
procedu]^e  in  which  the  two  systems  of  courts  were  abolished. 
Already  under  the  federal  code,  there  is  a  statutory  provision 
which  has  not  yet  been  much  considered  by  the  courts,  by  which 
an  equitable  defense  may  be  pleaded  to  a  suit  at  law.  Jf  we 
may  go  so  far,  it  is  a  little  difficult  to  see  why  the  distinction 
between  the  two  courts  may  not  be  wholly  abolished,  and  the 
constitutional  right  of  trial  by  jury  retained  unaffected. 

If  the  separation  of  equity  and  law  for  the  purpose  of  admini- 
stration is  to  be  abolished  in  the  federal  system,  and  they  are  to 
be  worked  out  together  in  the  same  tribunal,  then  a  new  procedure 
must  be  adopted.  Who  shall  frame  it?  Shall  Congress  do  it  or 
merely  authorize  it  to  be  done  by  rules  of  court  ?  Congress  from 
the  beginning  of  the  government  has  committed  to  the  Supreme 
Court  the  duty  and  power  to  make  the  rules  in  equity,  the  rules 
in  admiralty,  and  the  rules  in  bankruptcy.  Moreover,  this  Ameri- 
can Bar  Association  has  for  some  years  been  pressing  upon  Con- 
gress the  delegation  of  power  to  the  Supreme  Court  to  regulate  by 
rule  the  procedure  in  suits  at  law.  There  would  seem  to  be  no 
reason  why,  where  the  more  difficult  work  of  uniting  legal  and 
equitable  remedies  in  one  procedure  is  to  be  done,  the  Supreme 
Court,  or  at  least  a  committee  of  federal  judges,  should  not  be 
authorized  and  directed  to  do  it.  Of  course  the  present  statutes 
governing  a  separate  administration  of  law  and  equity  must  be 
amended  or  revised  by  Congress,  and  certain  general  requirements 
be  declared,  but  the  main  task  of  reconciling  the  two  forms  of 
procedure  can  be  best  effected  by  rules  of  court. 

The  same  problem  arose  in  the  courts  of  England  and  has 
been  most  successfully  solved.  By  the  Judicature  Act  of  1873, 
Parliament  vested  in  one  tribunal,  the  Supreme  Court  of  Judi- 
.  cature,  the  adininistration  of  law  and  equity  in  every  cause  coming 
before  it.  This  court  was  made  up  of  the  Court  of  Appeal  and 
of  the  High  Coutt  of  Justice.  By  subsequent  acts,  the  divisions 
of  the  High  Court  were  reduced  to  three:  (1)  The  King's 
Bench,  (2)  Equity,  and  (3)  Probate,  Divorce  and  Admiralty, 
as  they  now  are.  They  are  all  merely  parts  of  the  same  High 
Courts  but  for  convenience  the  suits  are  brought  in  those  di- 


WILUAM  HOWARD  TAFT.  2l6I 

visions  respectively  corresponding  to  the  remedies  sought.  .If 
it  happens  that  what  would  have  been  equitable  relief  is  sought 
in  the  King's  Bench^  it  may  be  granted  there^  but  it  is  more 
likely  to  be  assigned  to  the  Equity  Division^  and  vice  versa. 
Judges  familiar  with  the  equity  practice  are  appointed  to  the 
Equity  Division^  and  those  familiar  with  the  law  side  of  the 
practice  are  sent  to  the  King's  Bench.  Then  there  has  grown 
up  a  separate  branch  of  the  High  Court  in  which  only  coin- 
mercial  cases  are  heard,  and  to  that  court  judges  familiar  with  the 
law  merchant  and  commercial  contracts  and  customs  are  assigned 
and  the  cases  are  heard  and  decided  with  remarkable  dispatch* 
They  are,  perhaps,  agreed  cases,  but  they  are  submitted  and  dis- 
posed of,  most  important  cases,  within  40  days.  There  is  the 
same  division  of  the  practice  among  the  barristers  under  the  in- 
fluence of  the  older  separation  of  law  and  equity  administration: 
The  courts  of  the  High  Court  are,  however,  now  all  one  court, 
with  full  power  to  give  any  kind  of  relief  the  nature  of  the  case 
requires.  Parliament  gave  to  a  committee  of  the  judges  and 
representatives  of  the  barristers  and  solicitors,  power  to  recom-' 
mend  rules  of  practice  for  this  new  system.  The  present  pro- 
cedure is  the  result  of  rules  adopted  in  1883,  amended  from  time 
to  time  by  the  same  authority,  as  the  experience  with  the  existing 
rules  showed  the  necessity.  The  rules  and  amendments  are 
reported  to  Parliament  for  its  rejection  or  amendment,  but 
until  that  is  forthcoming,  they  control  the  procedure. 

It  was  my  good  fortune  during  three  weeks  of  this  summer 
to  be  able  to  attend  the  hearings  of  all  the  various  branches  oi 
the  courts  of  England.  I  have  heard  it  questioned  whether,  in 
view  of  the  report  that  was  given  in  this  country  as  to  my  activi- 
ties in  London  that  were  not  exactly  judicial  or  professional, 
it  was  possible  for  me  to  absorb  any  knowledge  with  reference 
to  the  practice  in  the  English  courts.  I  think  Lord  Shaw  has* 
lent  a  little  support  to  that  view  by  certain  remarks  that  I  have 
heard  him  make.  I  am  not  disposed  to  say  that  in  an  ordinary 
case  suc]^  evidence  would  not  be  convincing.  But  to  m^i  who 
have  attended  ihe  meetings  of  the  American  Bar  Assdciation,  and 
know  what  a  single  individual  of  digestive  experience  can  do  in 
the  matter  of  functions  for  a  week,  a  great  deal  will  seem  possible 
in  three  weeks. 


262  BSFORMS   IN   THB  ADMINI8TRATI0K   OF   JUSTIOB. 

I  may  stop  to  say  that  I  am  deeply  grateful  f^r  the  reception 
which  was  given  me  as  Chief  Justice  by  the  Bench  and  the  Bar  of 
England^  and  for  the  truly  brotherly  spirit  which  they  manifested. 
Of  course,  one  cannot  separate  himself  from  the  personal  in  such 
a  manifestation.  He  knows  it  is  not  really  personal^  but  represen- 
tative, but  he  thanks  God  that  he  happens  to  be  the  personal 
representative  to  receive  it.  They  opened  their  arms.  Every- 
thing that  they  could  do  they  did.  It  showed  to  me  what  I  have 
always  thought  to  be  the  case,  that  one  of  the  strongest  bonds 
between  this  country  and  Britain  is  the  bond  between  professional 
men  of  the  law  and  the  judges  who  have  to  do  with  the  admini- 
stration of  justice  in  both  countries. 

In  connection  with  this  general  subject,  the  treasurer  of  the 
Association,  Mr.  Wadhams  has  asked  me  to  read  a  letter,  which 
I  am  sure  you  will  be  glad  to  hear. 

The  Royal  Courts  of  Justice,  London,  July  21/1922. 

At  the  suggestion  of  Viscount  Cave,  who  enjoyed  the  privilege  of 
the  hospitality  of  the  American  Bar  Association  the  year  before  last, 
and  with  the  approval  of  the  Lord  Chancellor,  I  am  writing  to  you, 
tentatively,  to  ascertain  whether  I  might  send  you  a  formal  mvitation 
to  the  American  Bar  AjBociation  to  hold  their  annual  meeting  in  1924 
in  London.  It  will  be  a  great  honor  and  pleasure  to  the  Bar  of  En- 
gland if  this  could  be  arranged. 

There  are  a  number  of  matters,  such  as  the  time,  the  places  of  meeting, 
and  facilities  which  would  have  to  be  considered,  as  well  bb  minor 
details,  but  if  you  were  to  let  me  know  that  the  invitation  would  be 
acceptable  to  the  American  Bar  Association,  it  would  be  a  pleasure  to 
me  to  send  you  a  formal  invitation  upon  hearing  from  you. 

Perhaps  at  the  same  time  you  would  let  me  know  the  number  who 
would  be  likely  to  come  and  the  time  during  which  the  meeting  would 
last.  These  matters,  however,  I  leave  for  further  consideration,  and 
ask  yoii  to  let  me  know  as  a  preliminary  whether  my  suggestion  is  one 
that  the  American  Bar  Association  would  entertain. 

1  feel  sure  that  there  are  many  of  the  Bench  and  Bar  here  who  would 
be  glad  to  join  in  oflfering  a  welcome  to  your  Association,  and  who 
hope,  as  I  do,  that  the  plan  may  be  found  possible. 

Yours  very  truly, 

Ebnbst  M.  Pollock. 

Sir  Ernest  Pollock  is  the  Attorney-General  of  England. 

With  respect  to  that  suggestion,  I  may  say  that  I  was  in 
attendance  at  the  s»-called  Grand  Night,  at  Gray's  Inn,  in  London. 
The  Lord  Chancellor  was  there ;  so  also  were  the  President  of  the 
Probate,  Divorce,  and  Admiralty  Division,  Sir  Henry  Duke,  Mr. 
Justice  Darling,  Sir  John  Simon,  and  a  number  of  others.  The 
question  of  such  a  visit  was  discussed.    They  were  all  strongly  in 


WILLIAM  %OWABD  TAPT.  263 

fayor  of  it.  And  I  can  assure  you  that  if  the  Association  deems  it 
wise  to  accept  this  for  th^  year  1924^  those  who  go  will  never 
regret  it  or  forget  it.  The  Lord  Chancellor^  Viscount  Birkenhead, 
I  have  been  pressing  to  come  to  this  country  and  attend  the  meet^ 
ing  of  the  American  Bar  Association  next  year.  I  am  not  sure 
how  his  engagements  will  be,  but  that  he  will  be  glad  to  come,  if 
he  can  come,  I  know.  Certainly  the  American  Bar  Association 
would  be  delighted  to  receive  him,  not  only  as  the  highest  judicial 
officer  of  Great  Britain,  but  as  a  man  of  the  greatest  ability  and 
the  greatest  charm,  and  a  man  that  you  would  be  pleased  to  take 
into  your  bosom  as  a  fellow  judge  and  fellow  member  of  the  Bar. 

Now,  having  proved  to  you  that  I  gave  sufficient  attention  to  the 
practice  in  the  Royal  Courts,  I  am  going  to  give  you  my  oon- 
elusions.  I  had  looked  into  the  description  of  the  prooeduie 
which  at  present  obtains  in  those  courts  as  described  in  a  Tery 
useful  book  prepared  by  Mr.  Samuel  Bosenbaum,  of  the  Phila- 
delphia Bar,  entitled,  ^'The  Bule  Making  Authority  in  tbe 
English  Supreme  Court,''  and  I  was  permitted  to  be  present 
and  note  the  practical  operation  of  the  rules.  The  history  of 
their  adoption  is  set  out  in  great  detail  by  Mr.  Bosenbaum,  and 
I  shall  not  detain  you  with  an  attempt  at  even  a  r6ramA  of 
the  growth  of  the  system  and  the  remarkable  character  of  the 
reform  which  was  effected  through  the  rules  in  the  administration 
of  English  justice.  Nor  am  I  competent  to  do  so  with  accuracy 
of  detail.    I  can  only  essay  a  most  general  description. 

If  one  will  read  the  contrast  between  the  dreadful  inadequacy 
of  English  courts  and  the  administration  of  English  justice  in 
1837,  when  Victoria  ascended  the  throne,  and  their  efficiency  and 
admirable  work  in  1887,  when  ehe  celebrated  her  golden  jubilee, 
as  described  by  Lord  Bowen,  one  of  the  great  English  judges,  in 
his  jubilee  essay  on  the  Administration  of  Law,  he  may  well  take 
courage  as  to  what  may  be  done  with  our  system  in  the  way  of 
bettering  it.  Describing  the  result  of  the  change  of  procedure  by 
rules  of  court,  Lord  Bowen  used  these  words : 

A  complete  body  of  rules— which  poasert  the  great  merit  of  elasticity, 
and  which  (subject  to  the  veto  of  Parliament)  is  altered  from  time  to 
time  by  the  judges  to  meet  defects  as  they  appear — governs  the  pro- 
cedure of  the  Supreme  Court  and  all  its  branches.  In  every  cause, 
whatever  its  character,  every  possible  relief  can  be  given  with  or  with- 
out pleadings,  with  or  without  a  formal  trial,  with  or  without  discovery 
of  documents  and  interrogatories,  as  the  nature  of  the  case  prescribes— 
upon  oral  evidence  or  affidavits,  as  is  moat  convenient.    Every  amend- 


.264  BEFORMS  IN  THE  ADMIKATEATXON   OF  JUSTIOB. 

ment  cftn  be  made  at  all  times  and  all  stages  in  any  record,  pleading  or 
proceeding,  that  is  requisite  for  the  purpose  of  deciding  the  real  matter 
m  controversy.  It  may  be  asserted  withotit  fear  of  contradiction  that  it 
is  not  possible  in  the  year  1887  for  an  honest  litigant  in  Her  Majesty's 
Supreme  Court  to  be  defeated  by  any  mere  technicality,  any  slip,  any 
mistaken  step  in  his  litig[ation.  The  expenses  of  the  law  are  stiU  too 
heavy,  uid  have  not  diminished  pcai  passu  with  other  abuses.  But  law 
has  ceased  to  be  a  scientific  game  that  may  be  won  or  lost  by  playing 
some  particular  move. 

The  justness  of  this  summary  is  thus  upheld  by  that  great 

jurist,  Mr.  Dicey : 

Any  critic  who  dispassionately  weighs  these  sentences,  notes  their 
full  meaning,  and  remembers  that  they  are  even  more  true  in  1005 
than  in  1887,  will  partially  imderstand  the  immensity  of  the  achievement 
performed  by  Bentham  and  his  school  in  the  amendment  of  procedure — 
that  is,  in  giving  reality  to  the  legal  rights  of  individuals. 

The  means  by  which  this  reform  was  accomplished  and  the 

av6wed  object  of  the  fiamers  of  the  rules  was  to  effect  ^'  a  change 

in  piocediire  which  would  enable  the  court  at  an  early  stage  of 

the  litigation^  to  obtain  control  over  the  suit  and  exercise  a  close 

supervision  over  the  proceedings  in  the  action.'^     Thus  could 

dilatory  Jsteps  be  eliminated,  imnecessary  discovery  prevented, 

needed  discovery  promptly  had,  and  the  decks  quickly  clearecl  for 

'  the  real  nub  of  the  case  to  be  tried.    It  was  first  proposed  to  dis- 

'  card  pleadings,  but  this  was  abandoned.  Suit  is  begun  by  service 
df  a  writ  of  aummbns.  Shortly  after  the  appeariance  ot  the  defen- 
dant, a  siinimonis  for  directions  is  issued  to  him,  at  the  instance 
of  the  plaintiff,  requiring  him  to  appear  before  a  master  or 
judge  to  settle  the  fiitiire  proceedings  in  the  cause.  In  the  King's 
Bench  this  work  is  done  by  masters.  In  equity  and  commercial 
cases,  it  is  usually  done  by  the  judge  to  whom  the  case  is  assigned. 

'  The  master  or  judge  make9  ah  order  as  to  the  manner  in  which  the 
cdse  shallbe  carried  on  and  tried.  In  cases  in  which  the  original 
writ' is  endorsed  with  notice  that  the  claim  is  for  a  fixed  sum  as 
lipoh  a  contract,  a  sale  of  goods,  a  note  or  otherwise,  and  the 

'  plaintiff  files  an  affidavit  that  there  is  ho  defence,  the  master  may 
Andet  Rule  XIV,  require  the  defendant  to  file  an  affidavit  showing 
that  he  has  a  good  defence  and  specifying  it  before  he  may  file 
answer.  If  he  files  no  such  affidavit,  summary  judgment  goes 
against  him.  In  other  cases,  the  master  or  judge  makes  an  order, 
fixing  time  for  pleadings  and  kind  of  trial,  and  no  step  is  there- 
after taken  without  application  to  the  master  or  judge,  so  that  the 
latter  supervises  all  discovery  sought,  decides  what  is  proper,  and 


WIUJAH  HOWABO  TAJfT.  265 

leqnires  the  partiee  "  to  lay  their  cards  face  up  npoxl  the  table  " 
and  the  real  issue  of  fact  and  law  is  promptly  made  ready  for  the 
trial. 

I  eat  with  Sir  Willes  Ghitty,  the  learned  and  most  effective 
Head  Jtfaster  of  the  Sing's  Bench,  and  saw  the  solicitors  and  some- 
times the  barristers,  come  before  him  to  shape  up  the  issues^  the 
pleadings  and  the  directions  for  trial.  He  knocked  the  beads. ctf 
the  parties  together  so  that  a  clear  issue  between  them  was  quickly 
reached. 

Demurrers  are  abolished.  An  objection  in  point  of  law  may 
be  made  either  before,  at  or  after  the  trial  of  the  facts.  Particu- 
lars in  pleading  may  be  had  by  a  mere  letter  of  inquiry  from 
the  solicitor  of  one  party  to  the  other,  and  any  refusal  is  at 
once  submitted  to  the  master  or  judge.  Should  either  party 
object  to  the  orders  of  a  master,  the  question  can  be  at  OBoe 
referred  to  the  judge  who  is  to  try  the  cause  and  passed  on. 
The  pleadings  are  very  simple.  They  are  a  statement  of  claim 
and  an  answer.  Great  freedom  is  allowed  as  to  joinder  of 
actions  and  parties  and  in  respect  of  setoffs  and  counteiydaims. 
The  pleadings  are  prepared  on  printed  forms  for  use  according 
to  the  rules,  with  details  written  into  the  paragraphs.  The 
nature  of  the  daim  is  stated  in  a  yery  brief  way.  A  blaidc 
paragraph  is  left  in  the  form  for  particulars  as  to  the  main  fiacts 
and  for  references  to  documents  relied  on.  The  main  facts  and 
the  documents  upon  which  each  side  relies  to  establish  its  case  or 
defence  are  thus  brought' out  before  trial,  and  all  in  a  very  short 
time.  Admissions  of  important  facts  are  elicited  by  each  sid^ 
from  the  other  to  save  formal  proof  and  its  expense,  on  peiialty 
of  costs  for  refusal  if  the  fact  proves  to  be  uncontested. 

The  effect  of  the  administration  of  justice  under  these  rules 
can  be  shown  in  some  degree  byjreference  to  the  judicial  statistics 
of  England  and  Wales  for  1919  in  the  disposition  of  cases  in  the 
High  Court  of  Justice,  King's  Bench  Division.  The  summonses 
issued  in  the  King's  Bench  Division  in  a  year  amounted  to 
43,140.  In  14,244  cases,  judgments  were  entered  for  the  plaintiff. 
In  386  cases,  judgments  were  entered  for  the  defendant.  In 
526  cases  other  judgments  were  entered  than  either  for  the 
plaintiff  or  the  defendant,  making  a  totsl  of  15,136  judgments- 
entered  in  the  suits  brought.    This  would  laave  undisposed  of 


266  REFORMS   IN   THE  ADMINI8TRATI0K  OF  JUSTIOB. 

about  28^000  writs  of  summons  issued.    This  sum  represents  the 
suits  brought  which  were  abandoned  or  which  resulted  in  satis- 

.  faction  of  the  claim  without  further  proceeding  beyond  the  issu- 
ing of  the  summons.  Of  the  judgments  rendered^  over  9000 
were  entered  in  default  of  appearance  of  the  defendant;  756  by 
default  other  than  in  default  of  appearance.  3684  judgments 
were  entered  as  summary  judgments  under  Order  14^  because 
the  defendant  would  not  make  the  necessary  affidavit  to  justify 
his  securing  leave  to  answer.  One  hundred  and  forty-one  judg- 
ments were  rendered  after  trial  with  a  jury«  Eight  hundred 
and  thirty-six  judgments  were  rendered  after  trial  without  a 
jury.  Thirty-five  were  rendered  on  the  report  of  the  official 
referee.  Of  the  judgments  for  defendants^  55  were  rendered  after 
trial  with  a  jury,  and  309  after  trial  without  a  jury.  This  shows 
how  thoroughly  the  preliminary  steps  to  the  preparing  of  the  issue 
winnow  out  the  cases  and  dispose  of  them  without  further  clog- 
ging of  the  docket. 

'  The  speed  with  which  this  system  disposes  of  the  business  was 
testified  to  by  the  New  York  State  Laws  Delays  Commission  20 
years  ago.  It  reported  to  the  Governor  of  that  State  in  1903  that 
23  judges  of  the  High  Court  of  Judicature  in  England  actually 
tried  twice  the  number  of  cases  in  a  year  that  41  judges  in  New 
York  City  tried  in  the  same  time,  and  that  the  difference  was  due 

i  to  the  operation  of  summons  for  directions  and  the  summons  for 
summary  judgment.  The  report  was  approved  by  the  Association 
of  the  Bar  of  the  City  of  New  York,  J'udge  Dillon  then  being 
Chairman  of  the  Judiciary  Committee  of  that  body.  Tt  was 
sought  to  introduce  this  reform  for  New  York  City  by  act  of  the 
legislature  providing  for  16  masters,  but  it  is  said  to  have  been 
beaten  by  the  influence  of  those  who  did  not  wish  to  abolish  the 
referee  patronage  in  the  New  York  courts. 

The  English  system  is  adapted  to  the  conditions  prevailing  in 
that  country  and  has  been  built  up  on  the  traditions  of  the  Bench 
and  Bar,  which  do  not  have  the  same  force  here.  Moreover  it  is 
much  more  applicable  to  the  disposition  of  the  litigation  of  a 
great  city  like  New  York,  Chicago  or  Philadelphia,  as  the  New 
York  Commission  found  it  to  be,  than  to  our  federal  courts  of 
first  instance.  In  the  first  place,  the  territorial  jurisdiction  in 
England  is  a  compact  one,  embracing  only  England  and  Wales, 


WILIiIAH  HOWABD  TAPT.  267 

• 

in  w]ych  there  are  nearly  500  county  courts,  disposing,  under 
the  simplest  procedure,  of  much  of  the  business  involving  less  than 
£100  in  law  cases  and  £500  in  equity  cases.  The  branches  of  the 
High  Court  of  Judicature  to  which  these  rules  of  procedure  apply 
are  centered  in  London,  the  judges  live  there,  and  while  the  assizes 
are  held  at  various  towns  in  England  and  in  Wales,  access  to 
London  is  easy,  and  the  natural  result  is  that  the  important  cases 
are  generally  either  brought  in  London  or  ultimately  reach  there 
for  their  disposition.  The  division  of  the  prof essioif  into  barris- 
ters and  solicitors,  and  the  small  number  of  the  active  members  of 
the  Bar,  as  compared  with  our  own,  make  it  easy  to  form  an  at- 
mosphere  of  accommodation  on  the  part  of  counsel  toward  the 
court  and  toward  one  another,  which  could  hardly  exist  in  the 
administration  of  justice  in  a  federal  court  covering  all  or  half  a 
state,  and  involving  litigation  in  which  the  counsel  who  appear  are 
engaged  in  that  court  in  only  a  small  part  of  their  practice.  The 
English  barristers  only  know  their  clients  through  the  briefs  of 
Die  cases  which  are  handed  them  to  enable  them  to  conduct  the 
cause  in  court.  They  present  the  case  in  an  impersonal  way. 
Their  fees  are  fixed  in  advance  and  are  not  contingent.  These 
circumstances  render  much  less  common  efforts  at  delay  and  the 
use  of  legal  procedure  to  prevent  the  prompt  rendition  of  justice. 
More  than  this,  the  system  of  costs  in  the  English  courts,  in  which 
the  defeated  party  is  made  to  pay  the  expenses  of  the  other  side, 
including  solicitors'  and  reasonable  barristers*  compensation,  re- 
strains counsel  by  the  fear  of  penalties  always  imposed  for  use- 
less proceedings. 

The  costs  in  English  courts  would  seem  to  be  too  heavy.  Lord 
Bowen  speaks  of  that  as  a  needed  reform.  I  am  sure  that  we 
never  could  be  induced  to  adopt  the  division  of  the  profession  into 
barristers  and  solicitors,  or  the  English  system  of  costs. 

But  these  differences  should  not  prevent  our  using  a  great  deal 
of  what  has  proved  effective  in  the  English  practice  to  simplify 
procedure  and  speed  justice  in  our  federal  courts.  The  English 
precedent  certainly  demonstrates  the  advantage  of  having  the 
procedure  by  rules  of  court,  framed  by  those  meet  familiar  with 
the  actual  practice  and  its  operation  and  most  acute  to  eliminate 
its  abuses  and  defects. 


268  BSFOEKS  IN  THB  ADMINISTRATION  OF  JUSTIOB. 

What  I  would  suggest  is  that  Congress  provide  for  a.  com- 
mission^ to  be  appointed  by  the  President,  of  two  Supreme  Court 
justices,  two  circuit  judges,  two  district  judges,  and  three  lawyers 
of  prominence  and  capacity  to  prepare  and  recommend  to  Congress 
amendments  to  the  present  statutes  of  practice  and  the  judicial 
code,  authorizing  a  unit  administration  of  law  and  equity  in  one 
form  of  civil  action.  The  act  should  provide  for  a  permanent 
commission  similarly  created,  with  power  to  prepare  a  system  of 
rules  of  procedure  for  adoption  by  the  Supreme  Court.  Power  to 
amend  from  time  to  time  should  also  be  given.  The  rules  and  their 
amendments,  after  approval  by  the  court,  should  be  submitted  to 
Congress  for  its  action,  but  should  become  effective  in  six  months, 
if  Congress  takes  no  action.  In  this  way  the  procedure  would  be 
framed  by  those  most  familiar  with  it  and  by  those  whose  duty  it 
is  to  enforce  it  The  advantage  of  experiment  in  the  laboratory 
of  the  courts  would  furnish  valuable  suggestions  for  bettering 
the  system.  The  important  feature  of  such  a  system  is  that  needed 
action  by  the  commission  and  the  court  will  be  promptly  t&ken 
and  the  necessary  delay  in  a  Congress  crowded  with  business 
may  be  avoided. 

The  reforms  that  I  have  been  advocating  involve  some  increase 
in  the  power  of  the  judges  of  the  courts,  either  in  the  matter  of 
the  assignment  of  judges,  in  the  matter  of  the  enlargement  of  the 
certiorari  power,  or  in  the  adoption  of  more  comprehensive  rulee 
of  procedure.  I  am  well  aware  that  they  will  be  opposed  solely 
on  this  ground,  and  that  the  objection  is  likely  to  win  support 
because  of  this.  It  is  said  that  judges  are  prone  to  amplify  their 
powers — that  this  is  human  nature,  and  therefore  the  conclusion 
is  that  their  powers  ought  not  to  be  amplified,  however  much  good 
this  may  accompUsh  in  the  end.  The  answer  to  this  is  that  if  the 
power  is  abused,  it  is  completely  within  the  discretion — ^indeed 
within  the  duty — of  the  legislature  to  take  it  away  or  modify  it. 

Dependence  upon  action  of  Congress  to  effect  reform  to  remove 
delays  and  to  bring  about  speed  in  the  administration  of  justice 
has  not  brought  the  best  results,  and  some  different  mode  should 
be  tried.  The  failures  of  justice  in  this  country,  especially  in 
the  state  courts,  have  been  more  largely  due  to  the  withholding 
of  power  from  judges  over  proceedings  before  them  than  to  any 
other  cause ;  and  yet  judges  have  to  bear  the  brunt  of  the  criticism 


WILLIAli  HOWABD  TAFT.  269 

which  is  so  general  as  to  the  results  of  present  court  action.  The 
judges  should  be  given  the  power  commensurate  with  their  re- 
sponsibility. Their  capacity  to  reform  matters  should  be  tried 
to  see  whether  better  results  may  not  be  attained.  Federal  judges 
doubtless  have  their  faults^  but  they  are  not  chiefly  responsible 
for  the  present  defects  in  the  administration  of  justice  in  the 
federal  courts.  Let  Congress  give  them  an  opportunity  to  show 
what  can  be  done  by  vesting  in  them  sufiScient  discretion  for  the 
purpose. 


THE  LIMITATIONS  OP  LAW. 

ST 

CALVIN  COOLIDGE, 

VICB-PRESIDBNT  OF  THB  UNITED  8TATB8. 

The  growing  multiplicity  of  laws  has  often  been  obseryed.  The 
National  and  State  Legislatures  pass  acts^  and  their  courts  de- 
liver opinions,  which  each  year  run  into  scores  of  thousands.  A 
part  of  this  is  due  to  the  increasing  complexity  of  an  advancing 
civilization.  As  new  forces  come  into  existence  new  relationships 
are  created,  new  rights  and  obligations  arise,  which  reouire  estab- 
lishment and  definition  by  legislation  and  decision.  Tnese  are  all 
the  natural  and  inevitable  consequences  of  the  growth  of  ^reat 
cities,  the  development  of  steam  and  electricity^  the  use  of  the 
corporation  as  the  leading  factor  in  the  transaction  of  business, 
and  the  attendant  regulation  and  control  of  the  powers  created 
by  these  new  and  mighty  agencies. 

This  has  imposed  a  legal  burden  against  which  men  of  affairs 
have  been  wont  to  complain.  But  it  is  a  burden  which  does  not 
differ  in  its  nature  from,  the  public  requirement  for  security, 
sanitation,  education,  the  maintenance  of  highways,  or  the  other 
activities  of  government  necessary  to  support  present  standards. 
It  is  all  a  part  of  the  inescapable  burden  of  existence.  It  follows 
the  stream  of  events.  It  does  not  attempt  to  precede  it.  As 
human  experience  is  broadened,  it  broadens  with  it.  It  represents 
a  growth  altogether  natural.    To  resist  it  is  to  resist  progress. 

But  there  is  another  part  of  the  great  accumulating  body  of  our 
laws,  that  has  been  rapidly  increasing  of  late,  which  is  the  result 
of  other  motives.  Broadly  speaking  it  is  the  attempt  to  raise  the 
moral  standard  of  society  by  legishtion. 

The  spirit  of  reform  is  altogether  encouraging.  The  organized 
effort  and  insistent  desire  for  an  equitable  distribution  of  the 
rewards  of  industry,  for  a  wider  justice,  for  a  more  consistent 
righteousness  in  human  affairs,  is  one  of  the  most  stimulating  and 
hopeful  signs  of  the  present  era.  There  ought  to  be  a  militant 
public  demand  for  progress  in  this  direction.  The  society  which 
is  satisfied  is  lost.  But  in  the  accomplishment  of  these  ends 
there  needs  to  be  a  better  understanding  of  the  province  of 
legislative  and  judicial  action.  There  is  danger  of  disappoint- 
ment and  disaster  unless  there  be  a  wider  comprehension  of  the 
limitations  of  the  law. 

The  attempt  to  regulate,  control  and  prescribe  all  manner  of 
conduct  and  social  relations  is  very  old.  It  was  always  the  practice 
of  primitive  peoples.     Such  governments  assumed  jurisdiction 

(270) 


OALVIN   COOLIDGB.  271 

over  the  action,  property^  life,  and  even  religions  convictions  of 
their  citizens  down  to  the  minutest  detail.  A  large  part  of  the 
history  of  free  institutions  is  the  history  of  the  people  struggling 
to  emancipate  themselves  from  all  of  this  bondage. 

I  do  not  mean  by  this  that  there  has  been,  or  can  be,  any  prog- 
ress in  an  attempt  of  the  people  to  exist  without  a  strong  and 
vigorous  government.  That  is  the  only  foundation  and  the  only 
support  of  all  civilization.  But  progress  has  been  made  by  the 
people  relieving  themselves  of  the  imwarranted  and  unnecessary 
impositions  of  government.  There  exists,  and  must  always  exist, 
the  righteous  authority  of  the  state.  That  is  the  sole  source  of  the 
liberty  of  the  individual,  but  it  does  not  mean  an  inquisitive  and 
officious  intermeddling  by  attempted  government  action  in  all 
the  affairs  of  the  people.  There  is  no  justification  for  public 
interference  with  purely  private  concerns. 

Those  who  foimded  and  established  the  American  Government 
had  a  very  clear  understanding  of  this  principle.  They  had 
suffered  many  painful  experiences  from  too  much  public  super- 
vision of  their  private  affairs.  The  people  of  that  period  were 
very  jealous  of  all  authority.  It  was  only  the  statesmanship  and 
resourcefulness  of  Hamilton,  aided  by  the  great  influence  of  t^^ 
wisdom  and  character  of  Washington,  and  the  sound  reasoning 
of  the  very  limited  circle  of  their  associates,  that  succeeded  in 
proposing  and  adopting  the  American  Constitution.  It  estab- 
lished a  vital  government  of  broad  powers  but  within  distinct  and 
prescribed  limitations.  Under  the  policy  of  implied  powers 
adopted  by  the  Federal  Party,  its  authority  tended  to  enlarge. 
But  under  the  administration  of  Jefferson,  who,  by  word  though 
not  so  much  by  deed,  questioned  and  resented  almost  all  &e 
powers  of  government,  its  authority  tended  to  diminish  and,  but 
for  the  great  judicial  decisions  of  John  Marshall,  might  have 
become  very  uncertain.  But  while  there  is  ground  for  criticism 
in  the  belittling  attitude  of  Jefferson  towards  established  govern- 
ment, there  is  even  larger  ground  for  approval  of  his  policy  of 
preserving  to  the  people  the  largest  possible  jurisdiction  and  * 
authority.  After  all,  ours  is  an  experiment  in  self-government 
by  the  people  themselves,  and  self-government  cannot  be  reposed 
wholly  in  some  distant  capital,  it  has  to  be  exercised  in  part  by 
the  people  in  their  own  homes. 

So  intent  were  the  founding  fathers  on  establishing  a  con- 
stitution which  was  confined  to  the  fundamental  principles  of 
government  that  they  did  not  turn  aside  even  to  deal  with  the 
great  moral  <][uestion  of  slavery.  That  they  comprehended  it 
and  regarded  it  as  an  evil  was  clearly  demonstrated  by  Lincoln 
in  his  Cooper  Union  speech  when  he  showed  that  substantially 
all  of  them  had  at  some  time,  by  public  action,  made  clear  their 
opposition  to  the  continuation  of  this  great  wrong.    The  early 


272  THB  LIMITATIONS  OF  LAW. 

amendments  were  all  in  diminution  ol  the  power  of  the  g07emi- 
ment  and  declaratory  of  an  enlarged  sovereignty  of  the  people. 

It  was  thus  that  our  institutions  stood  for  the  better  part  of  a 
century.  There  were  the  centralizing  tendencies  and  the  amend- 
ments arising  out  of  the  War  of  ^61.  But  while  they  increased  to 
some  degree  the  power  of  the  national  govemmenty  they  were  in 
chief  great  charters  of  liberty^  confirming  rights  already  enjojred 
by  the  majority,  and  undertaJ^ing  to  extend  and  guarantee  like 
rights,  to  those  formerly  deprived  of  equal  protection  of  the  laws. 
During  most  of  this  long  period  the  trend  of  public  opinion  and 
of  l^islation  ran  in  the  same  direction.  This  was  exemplified  in 
the  executive  and  legislative  refusal  to  renew  the  United  States 
bank  charter  before  the  war,  and  in  the  judicial  decision  in  the 
slaughterhouse  cases  after  the  war.  This  decision  has  been  both 
criticised  and  condemned  in  equally  high  places,  but  the  result 
of  it  was  perfectly  clear.  It  was  on  the  side  of  leavinff  to  the 
people  of  the  several  states,  and  to  their  legislatures  and  courts, 
jurisdiction  over  the  privileges  and  immunities  of  themselves  and 
their  own  citizens. 

During  the  past  30  years  the  trend  has  been  in  the  opposite 
direction.  Urged  on  by  the  force  of  public  opinion,  national 
legislation  has  been  very  broadly  extended  for  the  purpose  of 
promoting  the  general  welfare.  New  powers  have  been  delegated 
to  the  Congress  by  constitutional  amendments  and  former  grants 
have  been  so  interpreted  as  to  extend  legislation  into  new  fields. 
This  has  run  its  course  from  the  Interstate  Commerce  Act  of  the 
late  eighties,  through  the  various  regulatory  acts  under  the  com- 
merce and  tax  clauses,  down  to  the  maternity  aid  law  which 
recently  went  into  effect.  Much  of  this  has  been  accompanied  by 
the  establishment  of  various  commissions  and  boards,  often  clothed 
with  much  delegated  power,  and  by  providiag  those  already  in 
existence  with  new  and  additional  authority.  The  national  gov- 
ernment has  extended  the  scope  of  its  legislation  to  include  many 
kinds  of  regulation,  the  determination  of  traffic  rates,  hours  of 
labor,  wages,  sumptuary  laws,  and  into  the  domain  of  oversight  of 
the  public  morals. 

This  has  not  been  accomplished  without  what  is  virtually  a 
change  in  the  form,  and  actually  a  change  in  the  process,  of  our 
government.  The  power  of  legislation  has  been  to  a  large  extent 
recast,  for  the  old  order  looked  on  these  increased  activities  with 
much  concern.  This  has  proceeded  on  the  theory  that  it  would 
be  for  the  public  benefit  to  have  government,  to  a  greater  degree, 
thfe  direct  action  of  the  people.  The  outcome  of  this  docSrine 
Has  been  the  adoption  of  the  direct  primary,  the  direct  election 
of  United  States  Senators,  the  curtailment  of  the  power  of  the 
Speaker  of  the  House,  and  a  constant  agitation  for  breaking  down 
the  authority  of  decisions  of  the  courts.    This  is  not  the  govern- 


OALVIK  COOIJDGE4  S73 

meat  which  was  pat  into  fonn  by  Washington  and  Hamilton  and 
popularized  by  Jefferson.  Some  of  the  stabilizing  safeguards 
which  they  had  provided  have  been  weakened.  The  representa- 
tive element  has  been  diminished  and  the  democratic  element  has 
been  increased^  but  it  is  still  constitutional  government^  it  still 
requires  time,  due  deliberation,  and  the  consent  of  the  states  to 
change  or  modify  the  fundamental  law  of  the  nation. 

Advancing  along  this  same  line  of  centralization,  of  more  and 
more  legislation,  of  more  and  more  power  on  the  part  of  the 
national  government,  there  have  been  proposals  from  time  to  time 
which  would  make  this  field  almost  unlimited.  The  authority 
to  make  laws  is  conferred  by  the  very  first  article  and  section  of 
the  Constitution,  but  it  is  not  general,  it  is  limited*  It  is  not 
'^  all  legislative  powers/^  but  it  is  ^'  all  legislative  powers  herein 
granted  shall  be  vested  in  a  Congress  of  the  United  States.^'  The 
purpose  of  that  limitation  was  in  part  to  prevent  encroachment 
on  the  authority  of  the  states,  but  more  especially  to  safeguard 
and  protect  the  liberties  of  tiie  people.  The  men  of  that  day  pro- 
posed to  be  the  custodians  of  their  own  freedom.  In  the  tyran- 
nical acts  of  the  British  Parliament  they  had  seen  enough  of  a 
legislative  body  claiming  to  be  clothed  with  unlimited  powers. 

For  the  purpose  of  protecting  the  people  in  all  their  rights  so 
dearly  bought  and  so  solemnly  declared,  the  Third  Article  estab- 
lished one  Supreme  Court  and  vested  it  with  judicial  power  over 
all  cases  arising  under  the  Constitution.  It  is  that  court  which 
has  stood  as  the  guardian  and  protector  of  our  form  of  govemr 
ment,  the  guarantee  of  the  perpetuity  of  the  Constitution,  and 
above  all  the  great  champion  of  the  freedom  and  the  liberty  of 
the  people.  No  other  known  tribunal  has  ever  been  devised  in 
whicn  the  people  could  put  their  faith  and  confidence,  to  which 
they  could  entrust  their  choicest  treasure,  with  a  like  assurance 
that  there  it  would  be  secure  and  safe.  There  is  no  power,  no 
influence,  great  enough  to  sway  its  judgments.  There  is  no 
petitioner  humble  enough  to  be  denied  the  full  protection  of  its 
great  authority.  This  court  is  human,  and,  therefore,  not  infal- 
lible, but  in  the  more  than  one  hundred  and  thirty  years  of  its 
existence  its  decisions  which  have  not  withstood  the  questioning 
of  criticism  could  almost  be  counted  upon  one  hand.    In  it  the 

«eople  have  the  warrant  of  stability,  of  progress,  and  of  humanity. 
T'herever  there  is  a  final  authority  it  must  be  vested  in  mortal 
men.  There  has  not  been  discovered  a  more  worthy  lodging  place 
for  such  authority  than  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States. 
Such  is  the  legislative  and  judicial  power  that  the  people  have 
established  in  their  government.  Becognizing  the  latent  forces 
of  the  Constitution,  which  in  accordance  with  the  spirit  of  the 
times  have  been  drawn  on  for  the  purpose  of  promoting  the  public 
welfare,  it  has  been  very  seldom  that  the  cOTirt  has  been  compelled 


274  THE  LIKITATI0K8  OP  LAW. 

to  find  that  any  humanitarian.  legislation  was  beyond  the  power 
which  the  people  had  granted  to  the  Congress.  When  such  a 
decision  has  been  made,  as  in  the  recent  case  of  the  Child  Labor 
Jjaw,  it  does  not  mean  that  the  court  or  nation  wants  child  labor, 
but  it  simply  means  that  the  Congress  has  gone  outside  of  the 
limitations  prescribed  for  it  by  the  people  in  their  Constitution 
and  attempted  to  legislate  on  a  subject  which  the  several  states, 
and  the  people  themselyes,  have  chosen  to  keep  under  their  own 
control. 

Should  the  people  desire  to  have  the  Congress  pass  laws  relat- 
ing to  that  over  which  they  have  not  yet  granted  to  it  any  juris- 
diction, the  way  is  open  and  plain  to  proceed  in  the  same  method 
that  was  taken  in  relation  to  income  taxes,  direct  election  of 
Senators,  equal  sufiFrage,  or  prohibition,  by  an  amendment  to  the 
Constitution. 

One  of  the  proposals  for  enlarging  the  present  field  of  legisla- 
tion has  been  to  give  the  Congress  authority  to  make  valid  a  pro- 
posed law  which  the  Supreme  Court  had  declared  wm  outside 
the  authority  granted  by  the  people,  by  the  simple  device  of  re- 
enacting  it.  Such  a  provision  would  make  the  Congress  finally 
supreme.  In  the  last  resort  its  powers  practically  would  b6  un- 
limited. This  would  be  to  do  away  with  the  great  main  principle 
of  our  written  Constitution,  which  regards  the  people  as  sovereign, 
and  the  government  as  their  agent,  and  would  tend  to  make  the 
legislative  body  sovereign  and  the  people  its  subjects.  It  would, 
to  an  extent,  substitute  for  the  will  of  the  people,  definitelv  and 
permanently  expressed  in  their  written  Constitution,  the  chanff- 
ing  and  uncertain  will  of  the  Congress.  That  would  radically 
alter  our  form  of  government  and  take  from  it  its  chief  guarantee 
of  freedom. 

This  enlarging  magnitude  of  legislation,  these  continual  pro- 
posals for  changes  under  which  law  might  become  very  excessive, 
whether  they  result  from  the  praiseworthy  motive  of  promoting 
general  reform  or  whether  they  reflect  the  raising  of  the  general 
standard  of  human  relationship,  require  a  new  attitude  on  the 
part  of  the  people  towards  their  government.  Our  country  has 
adopted  this  course.  The  choice  has  been  made.  It  could  not 
withdraw  now  if  it  would.  But  it  makes  it  necessary  to  guard 
against  the  dangers  which  arise  from  this  new  position.  It  makes 
it  necessary  to  keep  in  mind  the  limitation  of  what  can  be 
accomplished  by  law.  It  makes  it  necessary  to  adopt  a  new 
vigilance.  It  is  not  sufficient  to  secure  legislation  of  this  nature 
and  leave  it  to  go  alone.  It  cannot  execute  itself.  Oftentimes 
it  will  not  be  competently  administered  without  the  assistance  of 
vigorous  support.  There  must  nqt  be  permitted  any  substitution 
of  private  will  for  public  authority.  There  is  required  a  renewed 
and  enlarged  determination  to  3^c^^^  the  observance  and  enforce^ 
ment  of  the  law. 


CALVIN   OOOLI0GS.  276 

So  long  as  the  national  government  confined  itself  to  providing 
those  fundamentals  of  liberty,  order  and  justice  for  which  it  was 
primarily  established,  its  course  was  reasonably  clear  and  plain. 
No  large  amount  of  revenue  was  required.  No  great  swarms  of 
public  employees  were  necessary.  There  was  little  clash  of  special 
interests  or  different  sections,  and  what  there  was  of  this  nature 
consisted  not  of  petty  details  but  of  broad  principles.  There  was 
time  for  the  consideration  of  great  questions  of  policy.  There  was 
an  opportunity  for  mature  deliberation.  What  the  government 
undertook  to  do  it  could  perform  with  a  fair  degree  of  accuracy 
and  precision. 

But  this  has  all  been  changed  by  embarking  on  a  policy  of  a 
general  exercise  of  police  powers,  by  the  public  control  of  much 
private  enterprise  and  private  conduct,  and  of  furnishing  a 
public  supply  for  much  private  need.  Here  are  these  enormons 
obligations  which  the  people  found  they  themselves  were  imper^ 
f ectly  discharging.  They  therefore  undertook  to  lay  their  burdens 
on  the  national  government.  Under  this  weignt  the  former 
accuracy  of  administration  breaks  down.  The  government  has 
not  at  its  disposal  a  supply  of  ability,  honesty  and  character,  neces- 
sary for  the  solution  of  all  these  problems,  or  an  executive  capacity 
great  enough  for  their  perfect  administration.  Nor  is  it  in  the 
possession  of  a  wisdom  which  enables  it  to  take  great  enterprises 
and  manage  them  with  no  ground  for  criticism.  We  cannot  rid 
ourselves  of  the  human  element  in  our  affairs  by  an  act  of 
legislation  which  places  them  under  the  jurisdiction  of  a  public 
commission. 

The  same  limit  of  the  law  is  manifest  in  the  exercise  of  the 
police  authority.  There  can  be  no  perfect  control  of  personal 
conduct  by  national  legislation.  Its  attempt  must  be  accompanied 
with  the  full  expectation  of  very  many  failures.  The  problem  of 
preventing  vice  and  crime,  and  of  restraining  personal  and  organ- 
ized selfishness  is  as-  old  as  human  experience.  We  shall  not  find 
for  it  an  immediate  and  complete  solution  in  an  amendment  to 
the  federal  Constitution,  an  act  of  Congress,  or  in  the  findings  of 
a  new  board  or  commission.  There  is  no  magic  in  government, 
not  possessed  by  the  public  at  large,  by  which  these  things  can  be 
done.  The  people  cannot  divest  themselves  of  their  really  great 
burdens  by  undertaking  to  provide  that  they  shall  hereaiter  be 
borne  by  the  government. 

When  provision  is  made  for  far-reaching  action  by  public 
authority,  whether  it  be  in  the  nature  of  an  expenditure  of  a. 
large  sum  from  the  treasury,  or  thf  participation  in  a  great  moral 
reform,  it  all  means  the  imposing  of  large. additional  obligations 
upon  ti)0  people.  In  the  last  resort  it  is  the  people  who  must 
respond,    The^  are  the  n^lji^ry  powf F;  they  are  the  financial 


\ 


276  THE  LXKITATI0N8  OF  LAW. 

power,  they  are  the  moral  power  of  the  govemment  There  is 
and  can  be  no  other.  When  a  broad  rule  of  action  is  laid  down  by 
law  it  iB  tiiey  who  mnst  perform. 

If  this  condnfiion  be  sound  it  becomes  necessarr  to  avoid  the 
danger  of  asking  of  the  people  more  than  they  can  ao.  The  times 
are  not  without  evidence  of  a  deep-seated  discontent  not  confined 
to  any  one  locality  or  walk  of  Uf  e,  but  shared  in  generally  by  those 
who  contribute  by  the  toil  of  their  hand  and  brain  to  the  carrying 
on  of  American  enterprise.  This  is  not  the  muttering  of  agi- 
tators, it  is  the  conviction  of  the  intelligence,  industry  and  char- 
acter of  the  nation.  There  is  a  state  of  alarm,  however  un- 
warranted, on  the  part  of  many  people  lest  they  be  unable  to  main- 
tain themselves  in  their  present  positions.  There  is  an  apparent 
fear  of  loss  of  wages,  loss  of  pronts  and  loss  of  place.  There  is  a 
discernible  physical  and  nervous  exhaustion  which  leaves  tiie 
country  with  little  elasticity  to  adjust  itself  to  the  strain  of  events. 

As  the  standard  of  civilization  rises  there  is  necessity  for  a 
larger  and  larger  outlay  to  maintain  the  cost  of  existence.  As  the 
activities  of  government  increase,  as  it  extends  its  field  of  opera- 
tions, the  initial  tax  which  it  requires  becomes  manifolded  many 
times  when  it  is  finally  paid  by  the  ultimate  consumer.  When 
there  is  added  to  this  aggravated  financial  condition  an  increasing 
amount  of  regulation  and  police  control,,  the  burden  of  it  all 
becomes  very  great. 

Behind  very  many  of  these  enlarging  activities  lies  the  un- 
tenable theory  that  there  is  some  shortncut  to  perfection.  It  is 
conceived  that  there  can  be  a  horizontal  elevation  of  the  standards 
of  the  nation,  immediate  and  perceptible,  b^  the  simple  device  of 
new  laws.  This  has  never  been  the  case  m  human  experience. 
Progress  is  slow  and  the  result  of  a  long  and  arduous  process  of 
self-discipline.  It  is  not  conferred  upon  the  people,  it  comes, 
from  the  people.  In  a  republic  the  law  reflects  rather  than  makes 
the  standard  of  conduct  and  the  state  of  public  opinion.  Beal. 
reform  does  not  begin  with  a  law,  it  ends  with  a  law.  The  attempt 
to  dragoon  the  body  when  the  need  is  to  convince  the  soul  will 
end  only  in  revolt. 

Under  the  attempt  to  perform  the  impossible  there  sets  in  a 
general  disintegration.  When  legislation  fails  those  who  look 
upon  it  as  a  sovereign  remedy  simply  cry  out  for  more  legislation. 
A  sound  and  wise  statesmanship  which  recognizes  and  attempts 
to  abide  by  its  limitations  will  undoubtedly  find  itself  displaced 
by  that  type  of  public  official  who  promises  much,  talks  much, 
Wislates  much,  expends  much,  but  accomplishes  little.  The 
ddiberate,  sound  judgment  of  the  country  is  likely  to  find  it 
has  been  superseded  by  a  popular  whim.  The  independence  of 
th^  l^slator  is  broken  down.    The  enforcement  of  the  law  bQ- 


OALYIN  COOUDOS.  277 

comes  uncertain.  The  courts  fail  in  their  function  of  speedy 
and  accurate  justice^  their  judgments  are  questioned  and  their 
independence  is  threatened.  The  law,  changed  and  changeable  on 
slight  provocation/  loses  its  sanctity  and  authority.  A  continua- 
tion of  this  condition  opens  the  road  to  chaos. 

These  dan^rs  must  be  recognized.  These  limits  must  be  ob- 
served.  Having  embarked  the  government  upon  the  enterprise  of 
reform  and  reflation  it  must  be  realized  that  unaided  and  alone 
it  can  accomplish  very  little.  It  is  only  one  element,  and  that  not 
the  most  powerful,  in  the  promotion  of  progress.  When  it  goes 
into  this  broad  field  it  can  furnish  to  the  people  only  what  the 
people  furnish  to  it.  Its  measure  of  success  is  limited  by  the 
measure  of  their  service. 

This  is  very  far  from  being  a  conclusion  of  discouragement. 
It  ia  very  far  from  being  a  conclusion  that  what  legislation  can- 
not do  for  the  people  they  cannot  do  for  themselves.  The  limit 
of  what  can  be  done  by  the  law  is  soon  reached,  but  the  limit 
of  what  can  be  done  by  an  aroused  and  vigorous  citizenship  has 
never  been  exhausted.  In  undertaking  to  bear  these  burdens  and 
solve  these  problems  the  government  needs  the  continuing  indul- 
gence, cooperation  and  support  of  the  people.  When  the  public 
understands  that  there  must  be  an  increased  and  increasing  effort, 
such  effort  will  be  forthcoming.  They  fire  not  ignorant  of  the 
personal  equation  in  the  administration  of  their  affairs.  When 
trouble  arises  in  any  quarter  they  do  not  inquire  what  sort  of  a 
law  they  have  there,  but  they  inquire  what  sort  of  a  governor  and 
sheriff  they  have  there.  They  will  not  long  fail  to  observe,  that 
what  kind  of  government  they  have  depends  upon  what  kind  of 
citizens  they  have. 

It  is  time  to  supplement  the  appeal  to  law,  which  is  limited, 
with  an  appeal  to  tiie  spirit  of  the  people,  which  is  unlimited. 
Some  unsettlements  disturb,  but  they  are  temporary.  Some 
factious  elements  eziat,  but  they  are  smalL  No  assessment  of 
the  material  conditions  of  Americans  can  warrant  anything  but 
the  highest  courage  and  the  deepest  faith.  No  reliance  upon 
the  national  character  has  ever  been  betrayed.  No  survey  which 
goes  below  the  surface  can  fail  to  discover  a  solid  and  substantial 
foundation  for  satisfaction.  But  our  countrymen  must  remem- 
ber that  they  have  and  can  have  no  dependence  save  themselves. 
Our  institutions  are  their  institutions.  Our  government  is  their 
government.  Our  laws  are  their  laws.  It  is  lor  them  to  enforce, 
support  and  obey.  If  in  this  they  fail,  there  are  none  who  can 
succeed.  The  sanctity  of  duly  constituted  tribunals  must  be 
"maintained.  Undivided  allegiance  to  public  authority  must  be 
'required.'  With  a  citizenship  which  voluntarily  establishes  and 
defends  {hese,  the  cause  of  America  is  secure.  Without  that  all 
else  is  of  little  avail. 


PBELIMINARY  EDUCATION  FOR  LAWYBBS. 

BY 

NICHOLAS  MURRAY  BUTLER, 

OF   NEW   TOBK. 

Into  this  notable  gathering  of  jurists  and  juris-consulta  and 
practitioners  of  the  law,  I  may  only  presume  to  come  as  the 
spokesman  of  the  inconspicuous  and  often  humble  client.  In 
these  days  of  the  economic  interpretation  of  history,  the  client 
may  perhaps  be  said  to  be  the  economic  basis  upon  which  courts 
and  judicial  systems  and  the  practice  of  the  law  rest.  I  am, 
therefore,  in  accord  with  the  spirit  of  the  times  in  speaking  for 
a  few  moments  from  the  view-point  of  the  layman. 

Lord  Melbourne,  who  won  the  high  distinction  of  lifting  com- 
mon sense  to  the  plane  of  philosophy,  once  said :  '^  It  is  tire- 
some to  educate;  it  is  tiresome  to  be  educated;  it  is  tiresome 
to  discuss  education.''  And,  without  venturing  to  contradict 
so  eminent  an  authority,  I  shall  endeavor  to  combat  the  neces- 
sary tedium  of  this  discussion  with  the  soul  of  wit,  which  is 
brevity. 

All  civilized  peoples  throw  protection  about  their  public  serv- 
ices, and  all  civilized  peoples  fix  increasingly  severe  standards 
of  admission  to  permanent  public  service.  I  presume  that,  in 
an  earlier  and  an  older  day,  any  calling  or  any  profession  or  any 
practice,  save  that,  perhaps,  of  the  priesthood,  was  open  to 
anyone  whose  spirit  might  turn  him  in  that  particular  direction. 
But  one  calling  and  one  profession  after  another  has  been 
singled  out  as  needing  organization,  protection,  and  studious 
and  careful  preparation.  Long  ago  the  three  learned  professions 
were  developed.  Their  number  has  now  been  increased  by 
that  of  the  engineer,  by  that  of  the  architect,  by  that  of  the 
teacher,  and  it  is  now  being  added  to  by  that  of  the  journalist, 
by  that  of  the  pharmacist,  and  various  others — the  members  of 
other  organized  professions. 

The  three  learned  professions  became  such  because  it  was 
apparent  that  their  practice  was  not  a  matter  of  mere  haphazard, 
not  a  matter  of  mere  empirical  examination  of  a  new  and  definite 

(278) 


NICHOLAS  MURRAY  BUTLBR.  279 

« 

body  of  f  acts^  bnt  that  their  practice  rested  upon  a  body  of  tested 
and  organized  knowledge  which  had  become  a  part  of  human 
experience,  and  was  on  its  way  to  be  developed  into  a  science. 
When  our  organized  hnman  knowledge  gets  to  the  point  that 
we  are  enabled  to  predict  with  reasonable  accuracy,  we  have  the 
elements  of  a  scientific  comprehension  of  a  given  field  of  hnman 
interest 

I  think  there  are  few  more  interesting  things  in  the  history 
of  the  intellectual  life  of  men  than  the  development  of  the 
medieval  universities  out  of  the  necessities  and  out  of  the  as- 
pirations of  human  society.  As  members  of  this  Association 
doubtless  well  know,  the  great  University  of  Bologna,  the  pioneer 
of  them  all,  was  originally  solely  a  school  of  law.  Men  joilmeyel 
there,  and  women,  too,  over  hundreds  of  miles  oif  mountains 
and  plains  and  rivers,  in  order  to  hear  Imerius  discuss  the  princi- 
ples of  the  Boman  Law.  The  fires  that  were  lighted  at  Bologna 
have  been  burning  with  increasing  brilliance  ever  since.  And 
today,  the  study  of  the  law  is  one  of  the  most  highly  organized, 
one  of  the  most  precise,  and  one  of  the  best  ordered  of  all  our 
intdlectual  endeavors. 

But  in  a  democratic  society,  there  are  naturally  those  who 
raise  their  voices  against  so  high  and  so  precise  a  standard  for  a 
training  as  will  shut  out, — and  I  use  the  name  because  I  hare 
heard  it  so  frequently  in  these  discussions — ^Abrah^m  Lincoln. 
My  reflection  upon  that  is  that  as  we  produce  Abraham  Lin*- 
coins,  we  shall  doubtless  be  able  to  deal  with  them  without  public 
damage. 

We  have  now  come  to  the  point,  however,  where  this  organized 
study  of  the  law  as  law  is  not  all  that  is  necessary  and  adequate 
for  the  care  and  the  guidance  of  the  litigation  of  those  great, 
manifold,  human  interests  and  activities  that  constitute  modem 
society  and  the  modem  state.  The  economic  basis  upon  which 
our  social  order  rests  has  undergone  grave  and  far-reaching 
changes  since  the  common  law  took  its  form,  and  since  the  civil 
law  was  thrown  into  code.  The  layman  sees  in  a  legal  settle- 
ment, a  judicial  decision,  by  the  highest  court  of  his  land, 
an  adjustment  of  facts.  The  lawyer  sees  an  application  of 
principles.  Those  principles  are  perhaps  hidden  from  the  lay- 
man.   He  is  concerned  with  the  facts^  with  what  seems  to  him, 


280  PBELIMIKABT  EDUOATION   FOB  LAWYEB6. 

from  his  point  of  view>  a  selfiflh  (me  perhaps,  to  be  fair  and  right 
and  just  and  orderly.  If  he  finds  that  a  decision  is  arrived  at  on 
strict  and  sound  legal  and  judicial  principles,  which  offends  his 
senae  of  right,  he,  often  through  lack  of  comprehension  of  the 
legal  argument,  goes  in  revolt,  not  against  that  particular  opinion, 
but  against  the  whole  system  which  gives  rise  to  judicial  decisions. 
That,  to  the  best  of  my  knowledge  is,  as  briefly  as  I  can  put  it, 
the  state  of  mind  of  the  man  who  is  restive  as  to  the  application 
of  the  law  to  hifi  particular  set  of  interests  or  contentions. 

In  my  judgment,  at  that  point  is  to  be  found  the  basis  for  the 
argument  that  the  student  of  the  law  must,  in  these  days,  have  a 
care  that  he  possesses  a  thorough  comprehension  of  economics, 
and  all  those  principles  of  organized  society  which  history  and 
the  social  sciences  exhibit  in  their  evolution  and  their  applica- 
tion. Curiously  enough,  it  is  exceedingly  difficult  today  to  get 
for  the  great  mass  of  our  stadent  bodies  any  sound  and  thor- 
ough comprehension  of  the  fundamental  principles  of  economics. 
That  was  possible  thirty  years  ago,  perhaps  less.  But  that  great 
braneh  of  knowledge  hsB  now  become  so  divided  into  separafce 
fields, — ^the  money  problem,  the  labor  problem,  the  transportation 
problem,  the  public  utility  problem — ^that  economists  nowadays 
are  very  apt  to  be  specialists  and  unable  or  unwilling  to  give  to 
the  youth  of  high  school  or  college  age  that  clear,  simple  expo- 
sition of  the  fundamental  principles  of  economics  which  is  neces- 
sary to  an  linderstanding  of  the  life  we  live,  and  which  has 
become  an  essential  part  of  the  equipment  of  the  modem  mem* 
ber  of  the  Bar  who  would  be  apprized  of  the  great  body  of  facts 
by  which  we  are  surrounded,  the  feelings,  the  emotions,  the 
ambitions,  that  are  moving  masses  of  men. 

We  speak  of  waste,  physical  waste,  financial  waste.  I  some- 
times wonder  whether  there  is  any  waste  in  the  world  compsi- 
aUe  with  our  intellectual  waste;  whethe^  there  is  anything  to 
compare  with  the  amount  of  tmgamered,  tmintei^reted,  un- 
known knowledge,  tiiat  goes  daily  over  the  dam  of  human  life  and 
human  experience. 

Let  me  give  one  illustration.  We  are  living  at  a  time  when 
there  is  a  very  strong  and  almost  world-wide  revival  of  faith  in 
some  form  of  communism — ^both  communism  as  to  social  rela- 
tions and  communism  as  to  the  possession  of  property.    If  the 


NICHOLAS  KUBRAT   BUTLBB.  1^81 

modern  oommuniflt  weie  asked  to  read  Plato's  ^'  Bepublie/'  and 
find  out  abont  it  all,  he  woxQd  be  surprised.  If  he  were  asked 
to  read  Governor  Bradford's  '^  History/'  and  to  find  what  hap- 
pened at  Plymouth  among  a  people  as  intelligent  and  as  high 
minded  and  as  united  in  sjniit  as  were  ever  together,  he  would 
probably  wonder  why  we  asked  him  to  *give  his  time  to  ancient 
history.  But  the  fact  is,  that  human  experience  has  tried  all 
these  things.  Human  endeavor  has  traveled  on  all  of  these  roads. 
If  we  would  avoid  unceasing  and  exhausting  intellectual  and 
social  waste,  it  behooves  us  that  our  leaders  of  opinion,  those 
who  are  so  instrumental  in  formulating  our  law,  those  who 
guide  us  through  their  interpretation  and  make  their  decisioils, 
those  who  occupy  a  leading  place  in  the  development  and  forma- 
tion of  puUic  opinion,  should  know,  not  merely  guess  at,  but 
know,  what  has  been  done  in  the  world  in  the  way  of  social  and 
economic  experimentation. 

Therefore  I  would  have  the  preliminary  education  of  the 
lawyer  lay  the  greatest  possible  stress  upon  the  fimdamentals  of 
economics  and  upon  the  history  of  social  organization,  social 
endeavor,  social  success,  and  social  failure.  The  material  is  at 
hand  and  abundant. 

Next,  it  goes  without  saying,  does  it  not,  that  in  order  to 
comprehend,  even  dimly,  the  principles  of  law  and  the  methods 
of  critical  thinking  and  ratiocination — ^that  there  must  be  a 
foundation,  an  adequate  disciplined  maturity — a  dtisciplined 
maturity  and  not  merely  maturity?  Men  may  grow  up  aiid 
grow  old  without  discipline  and  vidthout  wisdom.  They  will  be 
assisted  if,  during  this  period  of  maturing,  there  is  an  order^ 
discipline  wisely  directed  toward  a  definite  and  specific  end. 

The  schools  of  medicine  and  the  schools  of  engineering  have 
now  got  to  the  point  they  say  explicitly  what  they  wish  the 
incoming  student  to  have.  You  may  not  be  graduated  from  even 
the  best  of  American  colleges  with  your  Bachelor's  D^ree  and 
walk  into  a  school  of  medicine.  The  very  first  thing  that  tbey 
ask  you  is,  whether,  in  getting  that  d^ree,  you  gained  a  suffi- 
cient knowledge  of  the  sciences  fundamental  to  medicine,  chem- 
istry, physics,  physiology,  so  as  to  enable  you  to  come  and 
profit  by  your  four  years  of  medical  instruction.  The  student 
of  the  best  schools  of  engineering  must  have,  not  merely  a  degree, 


282  PRBLIMINARY   EDUCATION   FOR  LAWYBRS. 

not  merely  so  many  years  spent  in  college  study^  but  it  is  speci- 
fied that  he  must  come  with  so  much  mathematics^  so  much 
physics,  so  much  mechanics,  so  much  something  else,  as  will 
enable  him  to  profit  by  highly  organized  professional  engineer- 
ing instruction.  The  time  has  come>  gentlemen,  for  the  schools 
of  law  to  say  that  they  wish  their  entering  students  to  come 
to  them,  having  pursued,  systematically  and  well,  those  studies 
in  the  field  of  economics  and  history  and  social  science  that 
will  prepare  them  to  understand  the  fundamental  concepts  of  the 
law,  their  development  and  their  application. 

Of  course,  the  moment  a  student  approaches  the  law,  he  begins 
the  study  of  history  from  a  new  angle  and  in  a  new  way.  But  it 
will  not  harm  him  to  have  had  those  larger  and  fuller  and  non- 
legal  views  of  history  that  open  the  mind,  that  inform  him  as  to 
human  experience,  and  that  prepare  it  to  give  a  new  meaning  to 
the  early  stages  in  the  development  of  the  law  of  contracts  and 
torts  and  real  property. 

Where  shall  these  studies  be  had?  Many  of  us  have  followed 
with  interest  your  discussions  and  your  reports,  and  those  held 
and  made  under  your  auspices,  relative  to  this  topic.  I  think, 
without  risk  of  being  misunderstood,  I  may  say  that  there  is  noth- 
ing sacred  about  a  college  education.  There  are  some  persons  who 
go  to  college  who  would  be  distinctly  improved  by  being  kept 
away.  There  are  doubtless  many  others  who  would  gain  marked 
advantage,  for  themselves  and  for  the  society  in  which  they  live, 
'  if  the  opportunity  for  a  college  training  were  open  to  them.  But, 
in  that  connection,  you  must  bear  in  mind  that  the  word 
^^  college ''  no  longer  has  a  definite  or  a  uniform  meaning.  A 
college,  in  the  United  States,  is  almost  anything  which  bears 
•  that  name.  If  it  shall  be  chartered  under  the  general  act  of 
incorporation  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  for  example,  it  quickly 
may  assume  the  form  of  a  public  nuisance. 

When  you  use  the  word  '*  college,''  it  is  important  to  remem- 
ber, 'first,  that  you  are  dealing  with  a  term  which  has  been 
defined  by  law  in  but  very  few  states — ^I  recall  but  two  at  the 
moment — there  may  be  others.  Next,  that  you  are  dealing  with 
an  institution  which,  for  25  years,  has  been  going  through  a  very 
extraordinary  series  of  changes,  and  which  doubtless  will  con- 
tinue to  go  through  similar  changes  for  some  time  to  come, 


NICHOLAB  liUBBAY   BUTLEB.  283 

§ince  we  are  living  in  a  period  of  development  and  change. 
Mere  going  to  college 'is  not  sufficient.  It  ought  to  indicate  dis- 
ciplined maturity.  Perhaps  it  does.  If  it  does,  so  far  so  good. 
But  the  point  is,  has  that  going  to  college  for  a  longer  or  a 
shorter  time  included  a  serious  and  scholarly  study  of  the 
fundamental  pre-l^al  subjects  to  which  I  have  been  making 
reference?    That  is  something  which  will  bear  looking  into. 

One  other  point.  I  have  been  told  that  it  is  objedied  to 
raising  the  standard  of  admission  to  the  legal  profession,  that  this 
would  put  such  admission  beyond  the  reach,  for  financial  reas- 
ons, of  very  many  ambitious  and  mentally  well-equipped  Ameri- 
can youth.   I  am  disposed  to  doubt  it. 

There  has  grown  up  in  this  country,  and  it  is  rapidly  multi- 
plying, an  institution  known  as  the  Junior  College.  That  Junior 
College  will  be  foimd  one  of  these  days  in  pretty  much  every  city 
in  the  union  that  has  fifty  thousand  or  seventy-five  thousand 
inhabitants.  It  is  the  result  of  an  evolution  that  has  been  going 
on  for  forty  years,  and  indicates  one  of  the  most  striking  changes 
in  the  oi^ganization  of  American  education.  Our  old-fashioned 
college  took  a  boy  at  sixteen  or  seventeen,  kept  him  until  he 
was  twenty  or  twenty-one,  and  carried  him  through  a  substan- 
tially uniform  and  prescribed  course  of  study.  As  intellectual 
interests  multiplied,  as  the  program  became  overcrowded,  as 
the  choice  of  studies  was  introduced,  all  that  was  changed, 
until  now,  the  number  of  youths  in  a  given  college  and  in  a 
given  year  who  pursue  exactly  the  same  program  of  instruction 
is  very  small,  indeed. 

The  consequence  is  that  a  situation  developed  which  was  not 
very  fortunate,  because  we  found  we  were  destroying  the  cotnmon 
body  of  knowledge  which  holds  men  together.  The  real  argument 
for  prescribed  studies  to  youth  of  college  age  is  not  alone  such 
value  as  they  may  have  for  discipline  and  information,  but  it  lies 
in  the  fact  that  it  is  highly  important,  especially  in  a  self -govern- 
ing society,  that  men  and  women  should  be  united  by  a  common 
body  of  knowledge,  before  their  special  interests  begin  to  diverge 
and  move  apart. 

In  the  endeavor  to  correct  an  unsatisfactory  situation,  the  pre- 
scribed and  ordered  studies  were  put  into  the  first  two  years  of 
the  old  four-year  college  course.    Then  it  began  to  be  found  that 


264:  PBBLIMINABY  HDUOATION   FOB  LAWYEBS. 

many  communities  could  afford  to  maintain  that  type  of  instruc- 
tion in  connection  with  their  high  schools^  and  the  Junior  College 
began  to  grow  up  all  over  the  land.  There  are  hundreds  of  such 
institutions  now^  very  soon  there  will  be  thousands.  Their  devel- 
opment is  certain  to  follow  the  development  of  the  high  schools 
themselves,  which  have  multiplied  many  times  in  the  last  forty 
years.  This  kind  of  instruction,  of  which  I  understand  you 
are  in  search,  will  be  found  not  alone  in  the  great  universities 
and  the  endowed  colleges  in  the  East,  North,  South,  and  West, 
but  it  will  be  found  almost  at  the  doorsill  of  the  intending  stu- 
dent of  the  law,  in  the  community  where  is  his  home,  which  can 
provide  enough  students  year  by  year  to  justify  the  taxpayer  in 
maintaining  this  type  of  institution. 

So  that,  in  dealing,  gentlemen,  with  the  preliminary  educa- 
tion of  the  law  student,  you  are  dealing  not  alone  (and  this 
I  am  especially  anxious  to  make  clear)  with  something  which 
affects  the  Bar  and  your  profession,  but  you  are  dealing  with  a 
large  and  far-reaching  public  interest.  You  are  dealing  with 
variable  quantities,  you  are  dealing  with  a  complicated  situa- 
tion, made  so  by  the  student  and  the  variety  of  our  country,  its 
population,  its  needs,  its  economic  situation.  And  it  must  be 
dealt  with,  if  it  ip  to  be  dealt  with  constructively  and  helpfully, 
not  only  in  a  spirit  of  understanding,  but  of  sympathy ;  not  only 
from  the  viewpoint  of  professional  opportunity,  but  of  public 
service.  And  when  that  shall  be  accomplished,  and  when  the 
student  shall  be  launched  upon  the  study  of  law  as  law  with  a  dis- 
ciplined maturity  such  as  I  have  described,  with  a  body  of  knowl- 
edge in  these  historical  and  economic  fields  such  as  I  have  tried 
briefly  to  summarize,  you  will  have  carried  very  far  forward  the 
standards  of  usefulness  of  your  profession,  not  only  as  a  profession 
devoted  to  high  ideals  and  public  service,  but  as  a  profession 
which  is  one  of  the  foundation  stones  of  the  social  order  of  among 
men  in  the  modern,  self-governing  state. 


REPORT 

.      or  THS 

COMMITTEE  ON  PROFESSIONAL  ETHICS  AND  GRIEVANCES. 

To  the  American  Bar  Association : 

Your  Committee  on  Professional  Ethica  and  Grievances  re- 
spectfully submits  its  annual  report. 

The  Committee  has  observed  and  is  glad  to  call  attention  to 
the  frequency  with  which  the  courts  now  refer  to  and  quote  the 
Canons  of  Ethics  adopted  by  the  Association.  The  Committee 
is  informed  that  North  Carolina  has  recently  been  added  to  the 
list  of  the  States  whose  courts  of  last  resort  have  thus,  approved 
the  work  of  the  Association. 

The  following  matters  have  come  before  the  Committee  for 
attention  during  the  past  year : 

1.  Complaints  against  members  of  the  Bar  in  different  states. 
As  this  Committee  has  no  jurisdiction  to  act  on  such  complaints 
they  have  been  transmitteil  to  the  appropriate  committees  of  the 
particular  state  or  local  bar  associations  having  jurisdiction. 

2.  Complaints  against  members  of  the  Association.  The  com- 
plaints received  of  this  character  came  late  in  the  year.  As  the 
Committee  has  no  present  authority  to  make  an  investigation  of 
such  complaints,  action  on  them  was  deferred  until  it  is  known 
whether  the  Association  adopts  the  amendments  hereinafter 
recommended  giving  the  Committee  such  authority. 

3.  The  solicitation  of  business  by  so-called  *'  patent  attorneys.'* 
Many  complaints  were  received  regarding  the  solicitation  of 
patent  business  by  laymen  calling  themselves  patent  attorneys. 
Investigation  showed  that  the  rules  of  the  Patent  Office  require 
that  all  persons  representing  applicants^  whether  lawyers  or  lay- 
men, be  registered  in  the  Patent  Office  at  ^'  attorneys,''  the  wot  A 
supposedly  being  used  to  designate  attorneys-in-fact.  Having 
registered  themselves  as  such  patent  attorneys,  laymen  have  made 
use  of  the  term  in  advertising  for  business.  This  advertising  has 
been  carried  to  feuch  an  extent  that  the  majority  of  all  patent 
applications  are  made  through  these  laymen  patent  attorneys. 
The  use  of  this  term  in  such  advertising  has  misled  the  public — 
as  it  apparently  was  intended  it  should — into  believing  that  it 
was  dealing  with  attorneys  at  law.  As  a  result  abuses  have  arisen 
and  our  profession  has  received  the  blame  for  the  misconduct  of 
some  of  these  so-called  attorneys. 

(286) 


286  BEPORT  OF   GOMMITTBB  ON 

Under  a  recently  enacted  statute,  the  Commissioner  of  Patents 
is  given  authority  to  formulate  and  prescribe  rules  for  the  r^^nla- 
tion  of  the  conduct  of  these  registered  patent  attorneys.  Your 
Committee  therefore  recommends  that  the  Association  request 
the  Commissioner  of  Patents  to  include  in  such  regulations  as 
may  be  adopted,  a  rule  prohibiting  the  solicitation  of  business 
by  these  registered  patent  attorneys  so  long  as  they  are  designated 
as  and  allowed  to  describe  themselves  as  attorneys  or  patent 
attorneys. 

4.  Tne  attention  of  the  Committee  has  also  been  called  to  the 
fact  that  the  rules  of  the  office  of  the  Commissioner  of  Internal 
Revenue  now  require  that  all  persons,  whether  lawyers  or  laymen, 
prosecuting  claims  before  that  office,  register  as  attorneys  for  the 
claimant,  and  that  some  of  the  laymen  so  registered  are  now  desig- 
nating and  advertising  themselves  as  ''  Income  Tax  Attorneys," 
with  the  consequent  promise  of  the  same  abuses  arising  from  this 
misuse  of  the  word  a£  in  the  case  of  patent  attorneys. 

Your  Committee  therefore  recommends  that  a  Special  Com- 
mittee be  appointed  by  the  President  to  investigate  and  determine 
by  what  right,  if  any,  laymen  who  are  registered  as  attorneys-in- 
fact  in  the  Patent  Office  and  in  the  Office  of  the  Commissioner  of 
Internal  Revenue  use  the  words  "  patent  attorney  "  or  "  income 
tax  attorney  '*  in  designating  their  work,  and  to  recommend  to  the 
Association  such  action  as  may  bring  about  the  discontinuance  of 
these  misleading  designations. 

6.  During  the  year  the  Executive  Committee  appointed  a 
Special  Committee  to  prepare  an  amendment  to  the  By-Laws 
relative  to  the  duty  and  authority  of  this  Committee.  The  Spe- 
cial Committee  drafted  an  amendment  to  By-Law  VII  of  the  By- 
Laws  which  amendment  has  been  approved  by  the  Executive 
Committee  and  published  in  the  Joubnal  in  accordance  with 
Article  V  of  the  Constitution..  The  Committee  therefore  recom- 
mends that  By-Law  VII  of  the  By-Laws  be  amended  by  substi- 
tuting for  the  last  paragraph  thereof,  the  following: 

The  Committee  on  PlrofeflBional  Ethics  and  Grievanoes  shall: 

(1)  Assist  state  and  local  bar  associations  in  all  matters  ooneemiDg 
their  activities  in  respect  to  the  ethics  of  the  profession,  collect  ana 
communicate  to  the  Association  information  concemiiuc  such  activities 
and,  from  time  to  time,  make  recommendations  on  the  subject  to  the 
Aflwdation. 

(2)  Be  authorizedi  in  its  discretion,  to  express  its  opinion  conoeminff 
proper  .prof essiona]  conduct  and  particularly  concerning  the  application 
of  the  CanoDS  of  Ethics  thereto,  when  consulted  by  officers  or  committees 
of  state  or  local  bar  associations.  Such  expression  of  opinion  shall  only 
be  made  after  a  consideration  thereof  at  a  meeting  oi  the  Committee 
and.  approval  by  at  least  a  majority  of  the  Committee. 

(3)  Be  authorized  to  hear,  in  meeting  of  the  Committee,  upon  its  own 
motion,  or  upon  complaint  preferred,  charges  of  professional  misconduct 
against  any  member  of  this  Association.    As  a  result  of  such  hearing  it 


PBOFBSSIONAL  ETHICS   AND  GRIEVANCES.  287 

may  recommend  to  the  Executive  Committee  the  forfeiture  of  the  right 
to  membership  of  any  such  member.  All  such  recommendations  shall  be 
accompanied  By  a  transcript  of  the  evidence  and  shall  only  be  made  after 
the  accused  member  has  been  given  notice  of  the  nature  of  the  com- 
plaint and  after  a  reasonable  opportunity  has  been  accorded  him  or  her 
to  submit  evidence  and  argument  in  defense. 

(4)  Forfeiture  of  the  membership  of  any  member  as  hereinbefcHre 
provided  shall  become  effective  when  approved  by  a  majority  of  all  of 
the  members  of  the  Executive  Committee  and  all  interest  in  the 
property  of  the  Association  of  persons  whose  membership  is  so  forfeited 
shall  ipso  facto  vest  in  the  Association.  The  membership  in  the  Asso- 
ciation, and  all  interest  in  the  property  of  the  Association  of  a  member 
shall  ipso  facto  cease  upon  his  disbarment,  or  a  final  judgment  of 
conviction  of  a  felony. 

(5)  -Whenever  specific  chaiiges  of  unprofessional  conduct  shall  be  made 
against  any  member  of  the  Bar,  whether  or  not  a  member  of  this  Asso- 
ciation, and  the  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Professional  Ethics  and 
Grievances  is  of  the  opinion  that  the  case  is  such  as  requires  investigation 
or  prosecution  in  the  coiuls,  the  same  shall  be  referred  by  the  Chairman 
to  the  appropriate  state  or  local  bar  association  where  sudi  attomev 
resides  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Chairman,  in  co-operation  with 
the  local  Vice-President  of  this  Association  for  the  State  where  such 
attorney  resides,  to  uiige  the  appropriate  officers  or  committees  of  state 
or  local  bar  associations  to  institute  inquiry  into  the  merits  of  the 
complaint,  and  to  take  such  action  thereon  as  may  be  appropriate,  with 
a  view  to  the  vindication  of  lawyers  unjustly  accused,  and  the  discipline 
by  the  appropriate  tribunal  of  lawyers  guilty  of  unprofessional  conduct. 

(6)  The  Committee,  with  the  approval  of  the  £h[ecutive  Commitee, 
shall  formulate  rules  not  inconsistent  with  this  by-law  to  give  effect  to 
the  foregoing  provisions,  which  rules  shall  be  published  in  the  annual 
reports  of  the  Association. 

Thomas  Francis  Howe,  Chairman^ 
James  D.  Shearer, 
Charles  Thaddeus  Terry, 
Morris  A.  Soper, 
Henry  TT.  Sims. 


10 


REPORT 

OF  THB 

COMMITTEE  ON  COMMERCE,  TRADE   AND  COMMERCIAL 

LAW. 

To  the  American  Bar  Association: 

Your  Committee  on  Commerce,  Trade  and  Commercial  Law, 
reports  as  follows : 

I. 

SuMMABY  OP  Recommendations. 

Your  committee  recommends : 

First:  The  adoption  of  a  resolution  by  the  American  Bar 
Association  reiterating  and  reaffirming  resolutions  numbered 
First,  Second,  Third,  Fourth,  Fifth,  Sixth,  Twelfth  and  Seven- 
teenth, of  the  report  of  your  Committee  at  the  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
meeting,  August  31  to  September  2, 1921,  in  1921  Report  Ameri- 
can Bar  Association,  Vol.  XLVI,  pp.  309-10-11  and  312. 

Second:  That  a  resolution  be  adopted  urging  the  National 
Conference  of  Commissioners  on  Uniform  State  Laws  to  prepare 
such  amendments  as  are  needed  in  the  Uniform  Sales  and  Uni- 
form Warehouse  Receipts  Acts,  to  give  the  latter  full  negotiability 
accorded  to  bills  of  lading  under  the  Uniform  Bills  of  Lading 
Act,  and  recommend  the  same  for  approval  by  the  American  Bar 
Association,  and  adoption  by  the  states  which  have  enacted  the 
Uniform  Sales  Act  and  the  Uniform  Warehouse  Receipts  Act. 

Third:  That  a  resolution  be  adopted  giving  your  committee 
further  time  for  the  consideration  of  the  uniformity  of  the 
Law  Merchant  in  North  and  South  America. 

Fourth:  That  a  resolution  be  adopted  that  yoifr  committee 
give  further  consideration  to  the  subject  of  a  general  system  of 
United  States  Commercial  Courts,  along  the  lines  of  the  English 
Commercial  Courts. 

Fifth:  That  a  resolution  be  adopted  giving  your  committee 
further  time  to  submit  a  draft  of  an  act  to  codify  the  law  of 
Common  Carriers  in  Interstate  and  Foreign  Commerce. 

Sixth:  That  a  resolution  be  adopted  disapproving  a  Mer- 
chandise Marks  Act  as  a  part  of  an  act  dealing  with  trade  marks 
and  copyrights;  and  that  your  committee  be  given  further  time 
to  prepare  a  draft  of  a  Merchandise  Marks  Act. 

(288) 


COMMEBGE^   TRADB  AND  COMMERCIAL  LAW.  389 

Seventh:  That  a  resolution  be  adopted  approving  the  United 
States  Sales  Act-    (Appendix  A.) 

Eighth:  That  a  resolution  be  adopted  in  the  matter  of  Pro- 
fessional Ethics  and  Trade  Associations ;  that  the  personal  rela- 
tionship between  attorney  and  client  should  be  preserved;  that 
the  services  of  a  lawyer  should  not  be  treated  as  merchandise 
to  be  trafficked  in;  that  there  should  not  be  solicitation  of  the 
professional  employment,  either  by  indirection  or  direction; 
that  there  should  not  be  a  division  of  fees  by  a  lawyer  with  a 
layman ;  that  the  exploitation  of  the  office  of  the  lawyer  for  the 
profit  of  another,  is  an  abuse  of  its  function,  and  that  it  is  in  the 
public  interest  that  the  lawyer  must  be  free  from  divided  alleg- 
iance and  inconsistent  obligations.  For  these  reasons,  therefore, 
this  Association  disapproves  of  the  organization  of  adjustment 
bureaus  wherein  the  lawyers*  services  are  furnished  by  the  Asso- 
ciation to  its  members,  and,  whether  there  is  a  division  of  fees 
with  such  an  association  or  not,  where  the  direct  relationship  of 
attorney  and  client  does  not  exist. 

Ninth:  That  a  resolution  be  adopted  approving  Senate  Bill 
77,  providing  for  the  payment  of  interest  on  judgments  rendered 
against  the  United  States  for  money  due  on  public  work. 

Tenth :  That  a  resolution  be  adopted  referring  to  the  National 
Conference  of  Commissioners  on  Uniform  State  Laws,  the  bill 
herewith  submitted  by  your  committee,  as  to  a  Uniform  State 
Arbitration  Act.     (Appendix  C.) 

Eleventh:  That  a  resolution  be  adopted  approving  form  of 
treaty  to  be  negotiated  with  foreign  countries  for  making  effective 
international  arbitration  in  commercial  disputes  and  contro- 
versies, herewith  submitted.    (Appendix  D.) 

Twelfth:  That  a  resolution  be  adopted  approving  suggested 
provisions  of  a  bill  for  a  United  Stetes  Act  for  the  arbitration 
of  actual  commercial  controversies  and  disputes,  herewith  sub- 
mitted.   (Appendix  B.) 

Thirteenth:  That  a  resolution  be  adopted,  approving  the 
amendment  of  Section  22a  of  the  United  States  Bankrupt  Act, 
by  adding  at  the  end  of  said  section  the  following : 

And  after  any  general  reference  the  referee  shall,  unless  the  judge 
orders  otherwise,  have  jurisdiction  in  plenary  suits  under  Sections  60b; 
67e;  and  70e  for  the  recovery  of  property  transferred  by  way  of  prefer- 
ence and  property  fraudulently  transiferred. 

11. 

(a)  Your  committee,  pursuant  to  the  invitational  letter  and 
Agenda,  held  a  three  days'  public  hearing  in  the  assembly  room 
of  the  Merchants*  Association,  Woolworth  Building,  233  Broad- 
way, N"ew  York  City,  March  29-31,  inclusive,  1922,  at  which 


290  REPORT  OF   COMMITTEE  ON 

more  than  twenty-five  representatives  of  variouB  interests,  indus- 
tries and  associations  appeared  on  behalf  of  the  respective 
interests  represented  by  them,  and  vigorously  discussed  the 
questions  of  interest  to  them  and  constructively  criticized  the 
proposed  drafts  of  laws  being  considered  by  your  committee. 

(b)  Tour  committee,  pursuant  to  resolutions  Fifteenth  and 
Sixteenth  in  "  Summary  of  Becommendations  "  of  1921  report, 
has  caused  to  be  introduced,  the  bill  to  amend  the  National 
Bankruptcy  Act,  the  same  being  introduced  by  Senator  Selden  P. 
Spencer,  and  being  numbered  2921 ;  and  the  Pomerene  Bills  of 
Lading  Act,  bill  being  introduced  by  Senator  Atlee  Pomerene, 
and  being  numbered  2530.  The  bills  are  now  pending  and 
satisfactory  hearings  have  been  had  on  them. 

(c)  Your  committee  considered,  pursuant  to  directions  of 
Executive  Committee,  Senate  Bill  77,  and  reports  in  favor  of 
same  by  resolution  Ninth  hereof. 

(d)  Bespectin^  Becommendation  Sixth,  of  the  Summary  of 
Becommendations  of  1921  Beport,  your  committee  has  had  under 
consideration  for  some  time,  the  important  subject  of  drafting  an 
act  to  codify  the  Law  of  Common  Carriers  in  Interstate  and 
Foreign  Commerce.  The  work  is  of  such  magnitude  as  to  require 
not  only  the  patient  and  prolonged  consideration  of  the  com- 
mittee itself,  but  the  assistance  of  an  expert  draftsman.  The 
committee  has  called  to  its  assistance  at  different  times.  Professor 
Felix  Frankfurter,  but  the  work  has  from  time  to  time  been 
interfered  with  and  great  progress  has  not  been  made  in  the 
process  of  codification,  and  your  committee  recommends  that 
further  time  be  given  for  the  submission  of  such  an  act  to  the 
Association. 

(e)  Beporting  on  the  Eighteenth  Becommendation,  1921  Be- 
port, that  the  conunittee  prepare  and  submit  a  Merchandise 
Mark  Act  as  to  Interstate  and  Foreign  Commerce.  The  Section 
of  Patent,  Trade  Marks  and  Copyright  Law  has  prepared  a  draft 
of  the  Trade  Mark  Act  which  embodies  a  parap^raph  covering 
the  question  of  false  descriptions  and  representations  in  the 
sale  of  merchandise,  and  particularly  embodies  the  idea  of  this 
committee  as  to  the  kind  of  a  Merchandise  Marks  Act  which 
Congress  ought  to  pass.  Your  committee,  however,  is  of  the 
opinion  that  a  Merchandise  Marks  Act  should  not  be  made  a 
part  of  an  act  that  deals  with  trade  marks;  that  the  subject  is 
distinct  from  the  subject  of  trade  marks,  and  your  committee 
recommends  to  this  Association  the  adoption  of  a  Merchandise 
Marks  Act  in  substance  as  referred  to  in  paragraph  No.  30  of  the 
committee  draft  of  Trade  Mark  Act  of  the  Section  of  Patent, 
Trade  Mark  and  Copyright  Law  or  this  Association,  to-wit : 

That  any  person  who  ahall  affix,  apply  or  annex,  or  use  in  connection 
with  any  article  or  articles  of  merdiandise,  or  any  container  or  containers 


GOMMEROB^  TEADB  AND  OOMICBRGIAL  LAW.  291 

of  the  same,  a  false  designation  or  origin,  or  any  false  description  or 
representation  including  words  or  other  symbols,  tending  falsely  to 
identify  the  origin  of  the  merchandise,  or  falsely  to  describe  or  represent 
the  same,  and  shall  cause  such  merchandise  to  enter  into  interstate  or 
foreign  commerce,  or  commerce  with  Indian  tribes,  and  any  person  who 
shall  knowingly  cause  or  procure  the  same  to  be  transported  in  interstate 
or  foreign  commerce  or  commerce  with  Indian  tribes,  or  shall  knowingly 
dehver  the  same  to  any  carrier  to  be  so  transported,  shall  be  liable  to  an 
action  at  law  for  damages,  and  to  a  suit  in  equity  for  an  injunction,  at 
the  suit  of  any  person,  firm  or  corporation  doing  businesB  in  the  locality 
falsely  indicated  as  that  of  origin,  or  in  the  region  in  which  said  locality 
is  situated,  or  of  any  person,  fijrm  or  corporation  who  is  or  is  likely  to  be 
damaged  by  the  use  of  any  false  description  or  any  representation,  or  at 
the  suit  of  any  association  of  such  persons,  firms  or  corporations,  and 
any  article  marked  or  labeled  in  contravention  of  the  provisions  of  this 
section,  diidl  not  be  imported  into  the  United  States,  or  admitted  to 
entiy  at  any  custom  house  of  the  United  States. 

(f )  With  respect  to  Becommendatioxifl  Tenth,  Eleventh,  Nine- 
teenth and  Twenty-Third,  1921  Beport.  No  suggestions  or 
information  by  persons  or  associations  interested  were  presented 
to  your  committee,  and  your  committee  makes  no  recommenda- 
tion thereon. 

(g)  Beporting  as  to  the  Twenty-Second  Becommendation  of 
the  Summary  of  Becommendations  1921,  Beport.  Your  com- 
mittee reports  that  there  was  a  ver^  extended  discussion  on  this 
topic,  and  the  public  hearing  occupied  more  time  in  its  presentar 
tion  by  those  who  were  in  favor  of  it  and  by  those  who  were 
opposed  to  it  than  any  other  matter  before  the  committee. 

One  of  the  very  active  representatives  of  the  National  Credit 
Men's  Association,  who  was  familiar  with  the  operation  of  credit 
bureaus  throughout  the  United  States^  was  very  insistent  that 
every  state  should  permit  corporations  to  be  organized  so  as  to  do 
what  he  called  *^  Adjustment  Bureau  Work.''  In  his  argument 
he  presented  many  reasons  why  it  should  be  done.  He  was 
encouraged  in  its  presentation  by  a  member  of  a  very  active 
collection  law  firm  in  one  of  the  principal  esjstem  cities,  who 
spoke  along  the  economical  lines.  Neitiier  of  them,  however, 
could  meet  the  contention  that  by  the  organization  of  such  cor- 
porations, and  the  handling  of  the  legal  business  in  the  manner 
provided  by  them,  it  would  do  away  absolutely  with  that  close 
and  personal  relationship  that  exists  between  a  lawyer  and  his 
client,  if  the  whole  matter  was  simply  a  matter  of  barter  and 
sale,  and  where  a  creditor  would  have  to  do  what  he  believed  was 
not  for  his  best  interests,  or  be  thrown  out  of  the  association  of 
which  he  was  a  member. 

They  recognized  the  value  of  high,  ethical  principles  and 
said  they  should  be  maintained. 

Equally  and  forcibly  opposed  to  their  argument  were  certain 
lawyers  and  representatives  of  the  New  York  County  Lawyers' 
Association. 


292  REPORT  OF   COMMITTEE  ON 

We  had  before  us  the  report  of  the  Committee  on  Unlawful 
Practice  of  the  Law,  of  the  New  York  County  Lawyers'  Asso- 
ciation for  the  year  1922,  the  announcement  of  the  opinion  of 
the  same  association  by  the  Committee  on  Professional  Ethics 
for  the  year  1921,  the  acts  which  had  been  introduced  in  the 
Senate  and  in  the  Assembly  of  the  New  York  Legislature,  endeav- 
oring to  modify  the  laws  of  New  York  so  as  to  permit  cor- 
porations to  be  organized  for  the  operaition  of  adjustment 
bureaus,  which  acts  were  defeated  in  the  legislative  committees. 
After  due  consideration  of  all  these  matters,  your  committee 
unanimously  endorsed  the  following  resolution  and  the  recom- 
mendation to  be  made  to  the  Association,  to-wit : 

That  a  resolution  be  adopted  in  the  matter  of  Professional 
Ethics  and  Trade  Associations;  that  the  personal  relationship 
between  attorney  and  client  should  be  preserved ;  that  the  services 
of  a  lawyer  should  not  be  treated  as  merchandise,  to  be  trafficked 
in;  that  there  should  not  be  solicitation  of  the  professional 
employment,  either  by  indirection  or  direction ;  that  there  should 
not  be  a  division  of  fees  by  a  lawyer  with  a  layman;  that  the 
exploitation  of  the  office  of  the  lawyer  for  the  profit  of  another, 
is  an  abuse  of  its  functions;  and  that  it  is  in  the  public  interest 
that  the  lawyer  must  be  free  from  divided  allegiance  and  in- 
consistent obligations.  For  these  reasons,  this  Association,  there- 
fore, disapproves  of  the  organization  of  adjustment  bureaus 
wherein  the  lawyer's  services  are  furnished  by  the  association 
to  its  members,  and,  whether  there  is  a  division  of  fees  with  such 
an  association  or  not,  where  the  direct  relationship  of  attorney 
and  client  does  not  exist. 

(h)  Beporting  on  the  Seventh  Becommendation  of  1921  Be- 
port,  your  committee  has  carefully  considered  the  draft  of  a  bill 
relating  to  Sales  and  Contracts  to  Sell  in  Interstate  and  Foreign 
Commerce,  has  invited  suggestions,  and  has  received  assistance 
and  advice  from  Professor  Samuel  Williston,  employed  as  expert 
draftsman,  and  who  sat  with  the  committee  at  its  hearing. 

(i)  The  committee  submits  a  draft  of  a  bill  as  revised  and 
amended,  and  moves  that  a  resolution  be  adopted  approving  the 
bill  as  now  submitted  by  the  committee.  (See  Appendix  A,  for 
draft.) 

(j)  Bespecting  the  Twelfth  Becommendation  of  1921  Beport, 
your  committee  is  still  of  the  opinion  that  the  changes  suggested 
are  desirable,  and  recommends  that  a  resolution  be  adopted, 
urging  the  National  Conference  of  Commissioners  on  Uniform 
State  Laws  to  prepare  such  amendments  as  are  needed  to  accom- 
plish the  desired  result  and  recommends  the  same  for  approval 
by  the  American  Bar  Association,  and  adoption  by  the  states 
which  have  enacted  the  Uniform  Sales  Act  and  the  Uniform 
Warehouse  Beceipts  Act. 


GOMMEBOE^   TRADB  AND  COKKERCIAL  LAW.  293 

(k)  Eeporting  on  the  Twentieth  Recommendation  of  the  1921 
Report,  your  committee  gave  further  consideration  to  the  subject 
of  the  uniformity  of  the  law  merchant'  in  North  and  South 
America,  and  gathered  some  additional  information  of  con- 
siderable vdlue.  The  committee  suggests  that  the  subject  have 
further  consideration. 

(1)  Respecting  the  Twenty-First  Recommendation  of  the  1921 
Report.  Owing  to  the  number  of  matters  demanding  attention, 
the  committee  was  not  able  this  year  to  give  much  consideration 
to  a  general  system  of  United  States  Commercial  Courts,  along 
the  lines  of  the  English  Commercial  Courts.  The  matter  is 
important  and  should  be  continued  for  further  consideration. 

(m)  Reporting  on  the  Eighth  and  Fourteenth  Recommenda- 
tions of  the  1921  Report,  your  committee  submits  that,  at  its 
annual  meeting  held  in  St.  Louie,  Missouri,  beginning  August 
26,  1920  (Vol.  XLV,  Reports  of  the  American  Bar  Association, 
p.  75),  the  Association,  on  motion  of  Mr.  Boston,  adopted  a 
resolution  that  the  Committee  on  Commerce,  Trade  and  Com- 
mercial Law  be  requested  to  consider  and  report  at  the  next 
annual  meeting  of  the  Association  upon  the  further  extension  of 
the  principle  of  commercial  arbitration.  Pursuant  to  this  reso- 
lution, the  committee  submitted  at  the  meeting  of  the  Association 
at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  beginning  August  31,  1921,  in  its  report 
(Vol.  XLVI,  Reports  of  the  American  Bar  Association,  p.  309), 
a  draft  of  a  Ulniform  State  Arbitration  Act  and  a  draft  of  a 
Federal  Act,  both  being  modeled  generally  and  substantially 
upon  the  N"ew  York  Arbitration  Law,  which  has  been  held  to  be 
constitutional  in  matter  of  Berkovitz,  230  N.  Y.,  261.  The 
Arbitration  Act  of  New  York  was  prepared  by  committees  of 
the  New  York  State  Bar  Association,  in  cooperation  with  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce  of  the  State  of  New  York,  and  was  in 
effect  the  carrying  forward  of  the  recommendations  of  the 
National  Conference  of  Bar  Associations  held  at  Cleveland  in 
the  year  1918,  in  which  the  Associations  forming  the  conference 
were  urged  to  extend  the  principle  of  commercial  arbitration. 
The  New  York  statute  not  only  removes  the  anachronism  in  the 
law  of  nearly  three  centuries'  standing,  namely,  that  agreements 
to  arbitrate  are  revocable  at  the  pleasure  of  either  party,  but 
also  provides  a  speedy  and  effective  method  for  performance  of 
the  arbitration  agreement.  The  testimony  received  by  your 
committee  at  the  public  sessions  in  New  York,  March  29,  30,  and 
31,  1922,  confirms  the  testimony  received  by  the  committee  in 
1921,  namely,  that  there  is  a  great  satisfaction  on  the  part  of 
business  men  with  the  principles  and  procedure  of  the  New  York 
Law  and  that  it  is  deeired  that  these  principles  should  be  made 
effective  in  interstate  commerce,  intrastate  commerce  and  foreign 
commerce.    During  the  year  Secretary  of  Commerce,  Hoover, 


294  REPOBT  OF   COHMITTBE  ON 

requested  permisaion  to  introduce  the  proposed  Federal  Arbitra- 
tion Statute  in  Congress.  Copies  of  the  draft  of  the  federal 
statute  were  furnished*  to  him,  and  your  committee  has  had  the 
benefit  of  his  advice^  as  well  as  that  of  his  assistant^  Mr.  James  B. 
Stafford,  and  the  solicitor  of  his  department,  Mr.  William  E, 
Lamb.  At  the  public  hearings  held  by  the  committee,  various 
suggestions  for  the  improvement  of  the  statutes  were  made. 
Your  committee  acknowledges  specially  the  assistance  of  Mr. 
Charles  L.  Bernheimer,  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Arbitra- 
tion of  the  New  York  State  Chamber  of  Commerce.  Your 
committee  went  over  these  suggestions  in  executive  session  very 
carefully  and  had  the  assistance  of  Professor  Samuel  WiUiston 
in  considering  them.  The  result  is  a  very  much  improved  draft 
of  both  the  federal  statute  and  the  proposed  uniform  state  statute, 
which  are  now  submitted  as  a  part  of  this  report,  marked  "  Ap- 
pendix B  ^'  and  "  Appendix  C.*' 

It  is  highly  desirable  that  the  federal  statute  and  the  uniform 
state  statute  should  dovetail  and  fit  each  with  the  other.  The 
uniform  state  statute  has  received  the  consideration  of  the  Com- 
missioners on  Uniform  State  Laws,  ^ho  appointed  a  special 
committee  to  deal  with  the  subject,  of  which  Mr.  Alexander  H. 
Bobbins  was  chairman.  Owing  to  the  untimely  death  of  Mr. 
Bobbins  he  was  unable  to  complete  his  work  upon  this  draft  and 
to  give  the  committee  the  benefit  of  his  suggestions  and  criti- 
cisms. His  successor,  Mr.  James  H.  Harkless,  of  Kansas  City, 
Missouri,  has  been  in  correspondence  with  your  committee,  and 
his  tentative  draft  of  a  statute,  while  differing  in  certain  respects, 
is  in  the  same  general  direction  as  that  contained  in  the  drafts 
here  submitted.  Because  of  the  constitutional  questions  passed 
upon  in  the  matter  of  Berkovitz,  and  the  general  success  to 
which  the  procedure  in  New  York  has  attained,  the  committee 
has  adhered  very  closely  to  the  New  York  statute,  modifying  it 
only  in  very  slight  respects.  It  believed  that  this  statute  in  the 
present  form  will  have  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  Com- 
merce and  of  the  appropriate  committees  in  both  Houses  of 
Congress,  and  that  the  state  statute,  following  the  same  lines, 
will,  if  approved  by  the  Association,  be  adopted  by  the  Legis- 
latures of  the  respective  states.  A  bill,  following  the  lines  of  the 
committee's  draft  was  introduced  in  the  New  Jersey  legislature 
at  the  session  of  1922,  and  passed  the  Assembly,  but  reached  the 
Senate  too  late  to  be  passed  by  that  body. 

At  the  request  of  the  Committee  on  Arbitration,  of  the  New 
York  State  Chamber  of  Commerce,  a  member  of  your  committee 
and  counsel  for  that  chamber,  drew  a  form  of  treaty  to  be  negoti- 
ated with  foreign  countries  for  the  purpose  of  making  effective 
international  commercial  arbitration  agreements.  This  treaty 
was  submitted  to  Secretary  of  Commerce  Hoover.    The  originju 


/ 

COMMERCE^   TRADE  AND  COMMERCIAL  LAW.  295 

draft  has  been  very  much  revised  by  your  committee,  and  is 
submitted  herewith  for  the  approval  of  the  Association.  ■  (Ap- 
pendix D.)  . 

In  the  opinion  of  your  committee,  the  adoption  of  the  inter- 
national treaty,  the  federal  statute  and  the  uniform  state  statute 
will  put  the  United  States  in  the  forefront  in  this  procedural 
reform.  It  will  raise  the  standards  of  commercial  ethics.  It  will 
reduce  litigation.  It  will  enable  business  men  to  settle  their 
disputes  expeditiously  and  economically,  and  will  reduce  the 
congestion  in  thQ  federal  and  state  courts.  In  pressing  forward 
this  improvement  in  the  law,  the  Association  will  align  itself  with 
the  best  economic  and  commercial  thought  of  the  country  and 
will  do  much  to  overcome  the  criticism  of  the  "  law^s  delays.'' 

Your  committee  also  considered  a  motion  favoring  the  amend- 
ment of  Section  22a  of  the  XT.  S.  Bankrupt  Act  by  adding  words  at 
the  end  of  said  section  giving  referees  in  bankruptcy  power  in 
certain  cases  to  hear  suits  to  recover  preferences  and  property 
fraudulently  conveyed  and  unanimously  voted : 

That  a  resolution  be  adopted  approving  the  amendment  of 
Section  22a  of  the  United  States  Bankrupt  Act,  by  adding  at  the 
end  of  said  Section  the  following: 

And  after  any  general  reference  the  referee  shall,  ualeas  the  judge 
orders  otherwise,  have  jurisdiction  in  plenary  suits  under  Sections  0Ob ; 
67e ;  and  70e  for  the  recovery  of  property  transferred  by  way  of  prefer- 
ence and  property  fraudulently  tranmerred. 

The  length  of  this  report  is  occasioned  by  the  number  of 
subjects  brought  before  your  committee  for  its  consideration. 

Bespectf  ully  submitted, 

W.  H.  H.  Piatt,  Chairman, 
JuLTDS  Henry  Cohen, 
HoLLis  E.  Bailet, 
Howard  H.  Baldridge, 
Provinob  M.  Poque, 
Dated  June  1, 1922.  Committee. 


296  REPORT  OF   COMMITTEE  ON 


APPENDIX  A. 

SECOND  DRAFT  OF  A  BILL. 

Relating  to  Sales  and  Contracts  to  Sell  in  Interstate 

AND  Foreign  Commerce. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the 
United  States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled,  That  a  sale  or  contract 
to  aell  shall  be  governed  by  this  act 

(a)  If  made  in  the  District  of  Columbia;  or 

(b)  If  such  sale  or  contract  to  sell  includes  as  one  of  its  expressed  or 
implied  terms  an  agreement  that  the  goods  shall  be  transportea,  whether 
at  the  seller's  own  expense  or  not  and  whether  the  property  in  the  goods 
passes  at  or  before  the  time  of  shipment  or  not,  from  a  foreign  country 
to  one  of  the  states  of  the  United  States;  or  from  one  of  the  states  of 
the  United  States  to  or  through  another  state  or  a  foreign  country. 

PART  I. 

Formation  pf  thb  Contract. 

Section  2,^lContracts  to  SeU  and  Sales.l  (I)  A  contract  to  sell  goods 
is  a  contract  whereby  the  seller  agrees  to  transfer  the  property  in  goods 
to  the  buyer  for  a  consideration  called  the  price. 

(2)  A  sale  of  goods  is  an  agreement  whereby  the  seller  transfers  the 
property  in  goods  to  the  buyer  for  a  consideration  called  the  price. 

(3)  A  contract  to  sell  or  a  sale  may  be  absolute  or  conditional. 

(4)  There  may  be  a  contract  to  sell  or  a  sale  between  one  part  owner 
and  another. 

Sbc.  3. — [Capacity — lAabiUties  for  Necessaries.']  Capacity  to  buy  and 
sell  is  regulated  by  the  general  law  concaning  capacity  to  contract,  and 
to  transfer  and  acquire  property. 

Where  necessaries  are  sold  and  delivered  to  an  infant,  or  to  a  person 
who  by  reason  of  mental  incapacity  or  drunkenness  is  incompetent  to 
contract,  he  must  pay  a  reasonable  price  therefor. 

Necessaries  in  this  section  mean  goods  suitable  to  the  condition  in 
life  of  such  infant  or  other  person,  and  to  his  actual  requirements  at  the 
time  of  delivery. 

Formalities  of  the  Contract, 

Sbc.  4. — {Form  of  Contract  or  Sale.]  Subject  to  the  provisions  of  this 
act  and  of  any  statute  in  that  behalf,  a  contract  to  sell  or  a  sale  may  be 
made  in  writing  (either  with  or  without  seal),  or  by  word  of  mouth,  or 
partly  in  writing  and  partly  by  word  of  mouth,  or  may  be  inferred  from 
the  conduct  of  the  parties. 

Sec.  5. — [Statute  of  Frauds.]  (1)  A  contract  to  sell  or  a  sale  of  any 
goods  or  choses  in  action  of  the  value  of  five  hundred  dollars  or  up- 
wards shall  not  be  enforceable  by  action  unless  the  buyer  shall  accept 
part  of  the  goods  or  choses  in  action  so  contracted  to  be  sold  or  sold,  and 
actually  receive  the  same,  or  give  something  in  earnest  to  bind  the  con- 
tract, or  in  part  payment,  or  unless  some  note  or  memorandum  in  writing 
of  the  contract  or  sale  be  signed  by  the  party  to  be  charged  or  his  agent 
in  that  behalf. 


•   COMMEBOB,   TRADI  AND   OOMMBROIAL  LAW.  297 

(2)  The  proviaioiui  of  this  seotion  apply  to  every  such  contract  or 
sale,  notwitfustandiDg  that  the  goods  may  be  intended  to  be  delivered  at 
some  future  time  or  may  not  at  the  time  of  such  contract  or  sale  be 
actually  made,  procured,  or  provided,  or  fit  or  ready  for  delivery,  or 
some  act  may  be  requisite  lor  the  making  or  completing  thereof,  or 
rendering  the  same  fit  for  delivery;  but  if  the  goods  are  to  be  manu- 
factured by  the  seller  especially  for  the  buyer  and  are  not  suitable  for 
sale  to  others  in  the  ordinary  course  of  the  seller^s  business,  the  pro- 
visions of  this  section  shall  not  apply. 

(3)  There  is  an  acceptance  of  goods  within  the  meaning  of  this  section 
when  the  buyer,  either  before  or  after  delivery  of  the  goods,  expresses 
by  words  or  conduct  his  assent  to  becoming  the  owner  of  those  specific 
goods. 

(4)  There  is  an  actual  receipt  of  goods  within  the  meaning  of  this 
section  if  the  goods  are  in  the  buyer's  posseenon  at  the  time  of  the 
bargain,  though  no  act  is  done  in  regard  to  them. 

(5)  The  seller  cannot  be  the  agent  of  the  buyer  either  to  accept  or 
actually  to  receive  the  goods,  but  a  third  person  may  be  the  agent  of 
both  parties  for  either  purpose,  or  for  both  purposes. 

Subject  Matter  oj  Contract. 

Sec.  6. — [Existing  and  Future  Goods.]  (1)  The  ^oods  which  form  the 
subject  of  a  contract  to  sell  may  be  either  existing  goods,  owned  or 
possessed  by  the  seller,  or  goods  to  be  manufactured  or  acquired  by  the 
seller  after  the  making  of  the  contract  to  sell,  in  this  act  called  "  future 
goods." 

(2)  There  may  be  a  contract  to  sell  goods,  the  acquisition  of  which  by 
the  seller  depends  upon  a  contingency  which  may  or  fnay  not  happen. 

(3)  Where  the  parties  purport  to  effect  a  present  sale  of  future  goods, 
the  agreement  operates  as  a  contract  to  sell  the  goods. 

Sbc.  7.— [l/ndivtrfcd  Shares.]  (1)  There  may  be  a  contract  to  sell  or 
a  sale  of  an  undivided  share  of  goods.  If  the  parties  intend  to  effect 
a  present  sale,  the  buyer,  by  force  of  the  agreement,  becomes  an  owner 
in  common  with  the  owner  or  owners  of  the  remaining  shares. 

(2)  In  the  case  of  fungible  goods,  or  of  any  goods  which  by  custom 
or  the  agreement  of  parties  are  treated  as  fungible,  there  may  be  a  sale  of 
an  undivided  share  of  a  specific  mass,  though  the  seller  purports  to  sell 
and  the  buyer  to  buy  a  definite  number,  weight  or  measure  of  the  goods 
in  the  mass,  and  though  tlie  number,  weight  or  measure  of  the  goods  in 
the  mass  is  undetermined.  By  such  a  sale  the  buyer  becomes  owner  in 
common  of  such  a  share  of  the  mass  as  the  number,  weight  or  measure 
bought  bears  to  the  number,  weight  or  measure  of  the  mass.  If  the  mass 
contains  less  than  the  number,  weight  or  measure  bought,  the  buyer 
becomes  the  owner  of  the  whole  mass  and  the  seller  is  bound  to  make 
good  the  deficiency  from  similar  goods  unless  a  contrary  intent  appears. 

Sbc.  8. — [Destruction  o]  Goods  Sold.]  (1)  Where  the  parties  purport 
to  sell  specific  goods,  and  the  goods  without  the  knowledge  of  the  seller 
have  wholly  perished  at  the  time  when  the  agreement  is  made,  the 
agreement  is  void. 

(2)  Where  the  parties  purport  to  sell  specific  goods,  and  the  goods 
without  the  knowledge  of  the  seller  have  perished  in  part  or  have  wholly 
or  in  a  material  part  so  deteriorated  in  quality  as  to  be  substantial^ 
changed  in  character,  the  buyer  may  at  his  option  treat  the  sale — 

(a)  As  avoided,  or 

(b)  As  transferring  the  property  in  all  of  the  existing  goods  or  in  so 
much  thereof  as  have  not  deteriorated,  and  as  hinding  we  buyer  to  pay 


298  BBPOBT  OF   GOMMITTBB  ON 


■ 

the  full  agreed  price  if  the  sale  was  indivisible  or  to  pay  the  Agreed  price 
for  the  goods  in  which  the  property  passes  if  the  sale  was  divisible. 

Sec.  9 r— [Destruction  of  Goods  Contracted  to  be^Sold,!  (1)  Where 
there  is  a  contract  to  seU  specific  goods,  and  subsequently,  but  before 
the  risk  passes  to  the  buyer,  without  any  fault  on  the  part  of  the  seller 
or  the  buyer,  the  goods  wholly  perish,  the  contract  is  thereby  avoided. 

(2)  Where  there  is  a  contract  to  sell  specific  goods,  and  subsequently, 
but  before  the  risk  passes  to  the  buyer,  without  any  fault  of  the  seller  or 
the  buyer,  part  of  the  goods  perish  or  the  whole  or  a  material  part  of  the 
goods  so  deteriorate  in  quality  as  to  be  substantially  changed  in  character, 
the  buyer  may  at  his  option  treat  the  contract — 

(a)  As  avoided,  or 

(b)  As  binding  the  seller  to  transfer  the  property  in  all  of  the  existing 
goods  or  in  so  much  thereof  as  have  not  detenorated,  and  as  binding  the 
buyer  to  pay  the  full  agreed  price  if  the  contract  was  indivisible,  or  to 
pay  the  agreed  price  for  so  much  of  the  goods  as  the  seller,  by  the  buyer's 
option,  is  bound  to  transfer  if  the  contract  was  divisible. 

Under  this  section,  and  under  the  preceding  section,  merely  taking  the 
existing  or  uninjured  goods  into  his  possession  shall  not  be  deemed  a 
conclusive  exercise  of  his  option  by  the  buyer ;  and  nothing  herein  shall 
preclude  the  enforcement  of  an  express  or  implied  agreement  of  the 
parties  that  the  buyer  shall  become  owner  of  the  existing  or  the  uninjured 
l^oods  at  a  fair  valuation  thereof,  though  the  contract  or  sale  was 
mdivisible. 

The  Price. 

Sec.  10. — [Definition  and  Ascertainment  of  Price.}    (1)  The  price  may 
be  fixed  by  the  contract,  or  may  be  left  to  be  fixed  in  such  manner  as  , 
may  be  agreed,  or  it  may  be  determined  by  the  course  of  dealing  between 
the  parties. 

(2)  The  price  may  be  made  payable  in  any  personal  property. 

(3)  Where  transferring  or  promising  to  transfer  any  interest  in  real 
estate  constitutes  the  whole  or  pari  of  the  consideration  for  transferring 
or  for  promising  to  transfer  the  property  in  goods,  this  act  shall  not 
apply. 

(4)  Where  the  price  is  not  determined  in  accordance  with  the  fore- 
going provisions  the  buyer  must  pay  a  reasonable  price.  What  is  a 
reasonable  price  is  a  question  of  fact  dependent  on  the  circumstances  of 
each  particular  case. 

Sec.  11. — [Sale  at  a  Valiiation.1  (1)  Where  there  is  a  contract  to  sell 
or  a  sale  of  goods  at  a  price  or  on  terms  to  be  fixed  by  a  third  person, 
and  such  third  person,  without  fault  of  the  seller  or  the  buyer,  cannot  or 
does  not  fix  the  price  or  terms,  the  contract  or  the  sale  is  thereby 
avoided ;  but  if  the  goods  or  any  part  thereof  have  been  delivered  to  and 
appropriated  by  the  buyer  he  must  pay  a  reasonable  price  therefor. 

(2)  Where  such  third  person  is  prevented  from  fixing  the  price  or 
terms  by  fault  of  the  seller  or  the  buyer,  the  party  not  in  fault  may  have 
such  remedies  against  the  party  in  fault  as  are  allowed  by  Parts  IV  and 
V  of  this  act. 

Conditions  and  Warranties. 

Sk.  I2.^[3ffeet  of  Conditions.]  (1>  Where  the  obligation  of  either 
party  to  a  contract  to  sell  or  a  sale  is  subject  to  any  condition  which  is 
not  performed,  such  party  may  refuse  to  proceed  with  the  contract  or 
sale  or  he  may  waive  performance  of  the  condition.  If  the  other  party 
has  promised  that  the  condition  should  happen  or  be  performed,  su<^ 
first-mentioned  party  may  also,  treat  liie  non-performance  of  tile  con- 
dition as  a  breaeh  of  warranty. 


COMMERCE^   TRADB  AND  COMMBROIAL  LAW.  299 

(2)  Where  the  property  ib  the  goods  has  not  pasBed,  the  buyer  may 
treat  the  fulfilhuent  by  ibe  seller  of  his  obligation  to  furnish  goods  as 
described  and  as  warranted  expressly  or  by  implication  in  the  contract 
to  sell  as  a  condition  of  the  obligation  of  the  buyer  to  perform  his 
promise  to  accept  and  pay  for  the  goods. 

(3)  Where  the  seller  contracts  to  sell  goods  **  to  arrive  "  or  "  expected 
to  arrive"  at  a  certain  place,  it  shall  be  presumed,  unless  a  different 
intention  appears  that  the  buyer  warrants  that  the  goods  have  been  or 
shall  be  duly  offered  for  transportation  to  the  place  where  they  are  said 
to  be  expected  to  arrive,  but  that  if  so  tenderea,  their  due  arrival  is  only 
a  condition  qualifying  the  obligations  of  both  parties. 

Sac.  IZ.-^lDe^nition  of  Express  Warranty.}  Any  afi&rmation  of  fact 
or  any  promise  by  the  seller  relating  to  the  goods  is  an  express  warranty 
if  the  natural  tendency  of  such  afimnation  or  promise  is  to  induce  the 
buyer  to  purchase  the  p^oods,  and  if  the  buyer  purchases  the  goods  relying 
thereon.  No  afiGurmation  of  the  value  of  the  goods,  nor  any  statement 
purporting  to  be  a  statement  of  the  seller's  opinion  only  shall  be  con- 
strued as  a  warranty. 

Sbc.  14.— [/mpitsa  Warranties  of  Title.}  In  a  contract  to  sell  or  a  sale, 
unless  a  contrary  intention  appears,  there  is — 

(1)  An  implied  warranty  on  the  part  of  the  seller  that  in  case  of  a 
sale  he  has  a  right  to  sell  the  goods,  and  that  in  case  of  a  contract  to  sell 
he  will  have  a  right  to  sell  the  goods  at  the  time  when  the  property  is 
to  pass. 

(2)  An  impUed  warranty  that  the  buyer  shall  have  and  enjov  quiet 
possession  of  the  goods  as  against  apy  lawful  claims  existing  at  the  time 
of  the  sale. 

(3)  An  implied  warranty  that  the  goods  shall  be  free  at  the  time  of 
the  sale  from  any  charge  or  encumbrance  in  favor  of  any  third  person, 
not  declared  or  known  to  the  buyer  before  or  at  the  time  when  the  con- 
tract or  sale  is  made. 

(4)  This  section  shall  not,  however,  be  held  to  render  liable  a  sheriff, 
auctioneer,  mortgagee,  or  other  person  professing  to  sell  by  virtue  of 
authority  m  fact  or  law  a  le^al  or  equitable  inter^  of  a  thinl  person  in 
the  goods  which  are  the  subject  of  the  sale  or  contract  to  sell. 

Sbc.  15.— {Implied  Warranty  in  Sale  by  Description.']  Where  there 
is  a  contract  to  sell  or  a  sale  of  goods  by  aescription,  there  is  an  implied 
warranty  that  the  goods  shall  correspond  with  uie  description  and  if  the 
contract  or  sale  be  by  sample,  as  well  as  by  description,  it  is  not  sufficient 
that  the  bulk  of  the  goods  corresponds  with  the  sample  if  the  goods  do 
not  also  correspond  with  the  description. 

Sbc.  16. — [ImpUed  Warranties  of  Quality.}  Subject  to  the  provisions 
of  this  act  and  of  any  statute  in  that  behalf^  there  is  no  implied  warranty 
or  condition  as  to  the  quality  or  fitness  for  any  particular  purpose  of 
goods  supplied  under  a  contract  to  sell  or  a  sale,  except  as  follows: 

(1)  Where  the  buyer,  expressly  or  by  implication,  makes  known  to  the 
seller  the  particular  purpose  for  which  the  goods  are  required,  and  it 
appears  that  the  buyer  relies  on  the  seller's  sldll  or  judgment  (whetiier 
he  be  the  grower  or  manufacturer  or  not),  there  is  an  implied  warranty 
that  the  goods  shal]  be  reasonably  fit  for  such  purpose. 

(2)  Where  the  ffoods  are  bought  by  description  from  a  seller  who  deals 
in  goods  of  that  description  (whether  he  be  the  grower  or  manufacturer 
or  not),  there  is  an  implied  warranty  that  the  goods  shall  be  of  mer- 
chantable quality. 

(3)  If  the  buyer  has  examined  the  goods,  there  is  no  implied  warranty 
as  regards  defects  which  such  examination  ought  to  have  revealed. 

(4)  Where  the  seller  has  contracted  to  sell  unspecified  goods,  he  is 
bound  to  deliver  such  goods  as  the  contract  requires,  though  he  is  neiUier 


300  REPORT  OP   COMMITTEE  ON 


a  dealer  nor  manufacturer.    The  effect  of  subsequent  acceptance  by  the 
buyer  of  goods  under  the  contract  is  governed  by  Section  36. 

(5)  In  the  case  of  a  contract  to  sell  or  a  sale  of  a  specified  article  under 
its  patent  or  other  trade  name,  there  is  no  impliea  warranty  as  to  its 
fitness  for  any  particular  purpose. 

(6)  An  implied  warranty  or  condition  as  to  quality  or  fitness  for  a 
particular  purpose  may  be  annexed  by  the  usage  of  trade. 

(7)  An  express  warranty  or  condition  does  not  negative  a  warranty  or 
condition  implied  under  tiiis  act  unless  inconsistent  therewiOi. 

Sale  by  Sample. 

Sec.  17. — {ImpUed  Warranties  in  Sale  by  Sample,}  In  the  case  of  a 
contract  to  sell  or  a  sale  by  sample: 

(a)  There  is  an  implied  warranty  that  the  bulk  shall  correspond  with 
the  sample  in  quality. 

(b)  Tnere  is  an  implied  warranty  that  the  buyer  shall  have  a  reason- 
able opportunity  of  comparing  the  bulk  with  the  sample,  except  so  far 
as  otherwise  provided  in  Section  34. 

(c)  If  the  seller  is  a  dealer  in  goods  of  that  kind,  there  is  an  implied 
warranty  that  the  ^oods  shall  be  free  from  any  defect  rendering  them 
unmerchantable  which  would  not  be  apparent  on  reasonable  examination 
of  the  sample. 

(d)  If  tne  sample  is  inconsistent  with  words  of  description  agreed 
upon  by  the  parties  there  is  an  implied  warranty  that  the  goods  shall 
correspond  to  the  description  and  shall  not  vary  from  the  sample  further 
than  correspondence  with  the  description  requires. 

PART  IL 
Transfbr  of  Pbopertt  as  Bbtwebn  Sbllbb  and  Butsr. 

Sec.  18. — [No  Property  Passes  Until  Goods  are  Ascertained.]  Where 
there  is  a  contract  to  sell  unascertained  goods  no  property  in  the  goods 
is  transferred  to  the  buyer  unless  and  until  the  goods  are  ascertained, 
but  property  in  an  undivided  share  of  ascertained  goods  may  be  trans- 
ferred as  provided  in  Section  7. 

Sec.  19. — [Property  in  Goods  Passes  token  Parties  so  Intend.]  (1) 
Where  there  is  a  contract  to  sell  specific  or  ascertained  goods,  or  goods 
which,  though  unascertained,  at  the  time  of  the  bargain,  nave  sub- 
sequently become  specified,  the  property  in  the  goods  is  transxerred  to  the 
buyer  at  such  time  as  the  parties  to  the  contract  intend  it  to  be  trans- 
ferred. 

(2)  For  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  the  intention  of  the  parties,  regard 
shall  be  had  to  the  terms  of  the  contract,  the  conduct  of  the  parties, 
usages  of  trade  and  the  circumstances  of  the  case. 

Sec.  20. — [RiUes  for  Ascertaining  Intention.]  Unless  a  different  inten- 
tion appears,  the  following  are  rules  for  ascertaining  the  intention  of  the 
garties  as  to  the  time  at  wnich  the  property  in  the  goods  is  to  pass  to  the 
uyer. 

Rule  1. — Where  there  is  an  unconditional  contract  to  sell  specific  goods, 
in  a  deliverable  state,  the  property  in  the  goods  passes  to  the  Duyer 
when  the  contract  is  made,  and  it  is  immaterial  whether  the  time  of 
payment,  or  the  time  of  delivery,  or  both,  be  postponed,  or  whether 
weighing  or  measuring  the  goods  is  necessary  to  fix  the  price. 

Rule  i. — Where  there  is  a  contract  to  sell  specific  goods  and  the  seller 
is  bound  to  do  something  to  the  goods,  for  the  purpose  of  putting  them 
into  a  deliverable  state,  the  property  passes  as  soon  as  such  thing  has 
l^en  done^  but  not  before.tbftt  ume> 


COMMEROB,  TRADE  AND  COMMEROIAL  LAW.  301 

Rule  5.-— (1)  When  goods  are  delivered  to  the  buyer  ''on  sale  or 
return,"  or  on  other  terms  indicating  an  intention  to  make  a  present 
sale,  but  to  give  the  buyer  an  option  to  return  the  goods  instead  of  pay- 
ing the  price,  the  property  passes  to  the  buyer  on  delivery,  but  he  mur 
revest  the  property  in  the  seller  by  returning  or  tendering  the  goods 
within  the  time  fixed  in  the  contract,  or,  if  no  tmie  has  been  fixed,  within 
a  reasonable  time. 

(2)  When  goods  are  delivered  to  the  buyer  on  approval  or  on  trial  or 
on  satisfaction,  or  other  similar  terms,  the  property  therein  passes  to  the 
buyer— 

(a)  When  he  signifies  his  approval  or  acceptance  to  the  seller  or  does 
any  other  act  adopting  the  transaotioii; 

(b)  If  he  does  not  signify  his  approval  or  lusoeptance  to  the  seller,  but 
retains  the  goods  without  giving  notice  of  rejection,  then,  if  a  time  has 
been  fixed  for  the  return  of  the  goods,  on  the  expiration  of  such  time, 
and,  if  no  time  has  been  fixed,  on  the  expiration  of  a  reasonable  time. 
What  is  a  reasonable  time  is  a  question  of  fact. 

Ride  4^—W  Where  there  is  a  contract  to  sell  unascertained  or  future 
goods  by  description,  and  goods  of  that  description  and  in  a  deliverable 
state  are  unconditionally  appropriated  to  the  contract,  either  by  the  seller 
witn  the  assent  of  the  buyer,  or  by  the  buyer  with  the  assent  of  the  seller, 
the  propoty  in  the  goods  thereupon  passes  to  the  buyer.  Such  assent 
may  be  expressed  or  implied,  and  may  be  given  either  before  or  after 
the  appropriation  is  made. 

(2)  Where,  in  pursuance  of  an  order  or  a  contract  to  sell,  the  seller 
delivers  goods  to  the  buyer,  or  to  a  carrier  or  other  bailee  for  the  purpose 
of  transmission  to  or  holding  for  the  buyer,  the  seller  is  presumed  to  have 
unconditionally  appropriated  the  goods  to  the  contract,  except  in  the 
cases  provided  for  m  toe  next  rules  and  in  Section  21. 

If  the  goods  conform  to  the  order  or  contract,  and  the  terms  and 
mode  of  deliveiy  to  the  carrier  or  other  bailee  were  expressly  or  im- 
pliedly authorized  by  the  buyer,  the  property  is  presumed  to  pass  on 
such  delivery  except  in  the  cases  provided  for  in  the  next  rules  and  in 
Section  21.  This  presumption  is  applicable  although  by  the  express  or 
implied  terms  of  the  order  or  contract,  the  buyer  is  to  pay  the  price 
before  receiving  delivery  of  the  goods,  and  the  goods  are  marked  with 
the  letters  C.  O.  D.  or  uieir  equivalent. 

Ride  6. — Where  an  order  or  a  contract  to  sell  requires  the  seller  to 
deliver  the  goods  at  a  particular  place  or  to  pay  as  a  separate  item  the 
frei^t  or  cost  of  transportation  to  a  particular  place  (whether  or  not 
these  terms  are  indicated  by  stating  the  goods  are  to  be  delivered  F.  O.  B. 
at  the  place)  the  property  passes,  except  in  the  case  stated  in  the  follow- 
ing rule,  when  goods  of  the  required  description  are  delivered  at  that 
place  in  accordance  with  the  terms  of  the  order  or  contract. 

Rtde  6, — ^Where  an  order  or  a  contract  to  sell  requires  the  seller  to 
deliver  the  goods  at  the  buyer's  residence  or  place  of  business  (not  merely 
at  the  town  where  such  residence  or  place  of  business  is  situated),  the 
property  will  not  pass  until  the  buyer,  after  inspection  of  the  goods,  has 
accepted  them. 

Sbc.  21. — IReeervation  of  Right  of  Posseuion  or  Property  when  Goods 
are  Shipped.]  (1)  Where  there  is  a  contract  to  sell  specific  goods,  or 
where  goods  are  subsequently  appropriated  to  the  contract,  the  seller 
may,  by  the  terms  of  the  contract  or  appropriation,  reserve  the  right  of 
possession  or  property  in  the  goods  until  certain  conditions  have  been 
fulfilled.  The  right  of  possession  or  property  may  be  thus  reserved  not- 
withstanding the  delivery  of  the  goods  to  the  buyer  or  to  a  carrier  or 
other  bailee  for  the  purpose  of  transmission  to  the  buyer. 


302  REPORT  OF   COMMITTRB  ON 


(2)  Where  goods  are  shipped,  and  by  the  bill  of  lading  the  goods  are 
deliverable  to  the  seller  or  his  agent,  or  to  the  order  of  the  seller  or  of 
his  agent,  the  seller  therebv  reserves  the  property  in  the  goods.  But  if, 
except  for  the  form  of  the  bill  of  lading,  the  property  would  have  passed 
to  the  buver  on  shipment  of  the  goodlb,  the  seUer's  property  in  the  goods 
shall  be  deemed  to  be  only  for  the  purpose  of  securing  x>^rfonnance  by 
the  buyer  of  his  obligations  under  the  contract,  and  tne  buyer  shall  be 
deemed  to  have  a  property  right  in  the  goods  analogous  to  that  of  a 
mortgagor  or  a  buyer  under  a  conditional  sale. 

(3)  Where  goods  are  shipped  in  conformity  with  an  order  or  a  con- 
tract, and  a  single  sum  is  fixed  therein  as  the  payment  to  be  made  by  the 
buyer  for  the  cost  of  the  goods  and  their  insurance  and  freight  while  in 
transit  (whether  or  not  these  terms  are  indicated  by  the  iettov  C.  I.  F.), 
or  for  the  cost  of  the  goods  and  their  freight  while  in  transit  (whether 
or  not  these  terms  are  indicated  by  the  letters  O.  F.),  a  reservation  by 
the  seller  of  the  property  in  the  goods  or  of  the  right  of  possession  thereof 
shall  be  deemed  to  be  only  for  the  purpose  of  i^rocuring  performance 
by  the  buyer  of  his  obligations  under  the  contract  as  provided  in  sub- 
section (2). 

(4)  Where  in  conformity  with  an  order  or  a  contract,  goods  in  the 
hands  of  a  carrier  or  other  bailee  are  made  deliverable  by  the  seller 
(either  directly  or  by  indorsement)  by  means  of  a  document  of  title  to  a 
banker  or  other  person  who,  under  an  agreement  with  and  on  bdialf  of 
a  customer  or  chent,  pays  or  contracts  to  pay  the  price  of  the  goods  or 
makes  an  advance  on  the  faith  of  such  document,  sudi  banker  or  other 
person  acquires  the  property  in  the  goods,  but  only  for  the  purpose  of 
security,  and  the  customer  or  client  acquires  a  property  right  in  the  goods 
analogous  to  that  of  a  mortgagor  or  a  buyer  under  a  conditional  sale. 

(5)  Where  goods  are  shipped,  and  by  the  bill  of  lading  the  goods  are 
deliverable  to  the  order  of  the  buyer  or  of  his  agent,  or  to  the  order  of  a 
banker  or  other  third  person,  but  poBsession  of  the  bill  of  lading  is  retained 
by  the  seller  or  his  agent,  tne  seller  thereby  reserves  a  right  to  the  pos- 
session of  the  goods  untO  he  has  been  paid  the  price.  A  retention  of  a 
straight  bill  of  lading  shall  have  no  such  effect. 

(6)  Where  the  seUer  of  goods  draws  on  the  buyer  for  the  price  and 
transmits  the  bill  of  exchange  and  bill  of  lading  together  to  the  buyer 
to  secure  acceptance  or  pajrment  of  the  bill  of  excnange,  the  buyer  is 
bound  to  return  the  bill  of  lading  if  he  does  not  honor  the  bill  of  ex- 
change, and  if  he  wrongfully  retains  the  bill  of  lading  he  acquires  no 
added  right  thereby.  If,  however,  the  bill  of  lading  provides  that  the 
goods  are  deliverable  to  the  buyer  or  to  the  order  of  the  btiyer,  or  is 
indorsed  in  blank,  or  to  the  buyer  by  the  consignee  named  therein,  one 
who  purchases  in  good  faith,  f<^  value,  the  bill  of  lading  or  the  goods  fnmi 
the  buyer  will  obtain  the  property  in  the  goods  although  the  bill  of 
exchange  has  not  been  honored,  provided  that  such  purchaser  has  re- 
ceived delivery  of  the  bill  of  ladmg  indorsed  by  the  consignee  named 
therein,  or  of  the  goods,  without  notice  of  the  facts  making  the  transfer 
wrongful. 

(7)  Transactions  to  which  this  section  relates  shall  not  be  deemed 
mortgages  or  conditional  aales  within  the  meaning  of  statutes  relating  in 
terms  to  mortgages  or  conditional  sales. 

8bc.  22. — [Sale  by  AuctionJl    In  case  of  sale  by  auction — 

(1)  Where  goods  are  put  up  for  sale  by  auction  in  lots,  each  lot  is 
the  subject  of  a  separate  contract  of  sale. 

(2)  A  sale  by  auction  is  complete  when  the  auctioneer  announces  its 
completion  by  the  fall  of  the  hammer,  or  in  other  customary  manner. 
Until  such  announcement  is  made,  any  bidder  may  retract  his  bid,  and 


COMMEBOB^   TRADE  AND  COMMERCIAL   LAW.  303 

the  auctioneer  may  withdraw  the  goods  from  aale  milesB  the  auction  has 
been  announced  to  be  without  reserve. 

(3)  A  right  to  bid  may  be  reserved  expressly  by  or  on  behalf  of  the 
seller. 

(4)  Where  notice  has  not  been  given  that  a  sale  by  auction  is  subject 
to  a  right  to  bid  on  behalf  of  the  seller,  it  shall  not  be  lawful  for  the 
seller  to  bid  himself  or  to  employ  or  induce  any  person  to  bid  at  such 
sale  on  his  behalf,  or  for  the  auctioneer  to  employ  or  induce  any  person 
to  bid  at  such  sale  on  behalf  of  the  seller  or  knowingly  to  take  any  bid 
from  the  seller  or  any  person  employed  bv  him.  Ab^  sale  contravening 
this  rule  may  be  treated  as  fradulent  by  the  buyer. 

Sbc.  23.— [Risk  of  Loss.}  Unless  otherwise  agreed,  the  goods  remain 
at  the  seller's  risk  until  the  property  therein  is  transferred  to  the  buyer, 
but  when  the  property  therein  is  transferred  to  the  buyer  the  goods  are  at 
the  buyer's  nsk  whether  deliveiy  has  been  made  or  not,  except  that — 

(a)  where  delivery  of  the  goods  has  been  made  to  the  buyer,  or  to  a 
bailee,  in  pursuance  of  the  contract,  and  the  property  in  the  goods  has 
been  retained  by  the  seller  or  transferred  to  a  banker  or  other  third 
person  as  security  for  the  performance  by  the  buyer  of  his  obligations 
under  the  contract,  the  goods  are  at  the  buyer's  risk  from  the  time  of 
such  delivery; 

(b)  Where  delivery  has  been  delaved  through  the  fault  of  either  buyer 
or  seller  the  goods  are  at  the  risk  of  the  party  in  fault  until  the  contract 
is  terminated  by  a  total  breach  or  otherwise,  as  regards  any  loss  which 
might  not  have  occurred  but  for  such  fault. 

Transfer  of  Title. 

Sec.  24.— [5ate  by  a  Person  Not  the  Ovmer,}  (1)  Subject  to  the  pro- 
visions of  this  act,  where  goods  are  sold  by  a  person  who  is  not  the 
owner  thereof,  and  who  does  not  sell  them  under  the  authority  or  with 
the  consent  of  the  owner,  the  buyer  acquires  no  better  title  to  the  goods 
than  the  seller  had,  unless  the  owner  of  the  goods  is  by  his  conduct 
precluded  from  denying  the  seller's  authority  to  sell. 
-   (2)  Nothing  in  this  act,  however,  shall  affect — 

(a)  The  provisions  of  any  factors'  acts,  recording  acts,  or  any  enact- 
ment enablmg  the  apparent  owner  of  goods  to  dispose  of  them  as  if  he 
were  the  true  owner  thereof; 

(b)  The  validity  of  any  contract  to  sell  or  sale  under  any  special 
common  law  or  statutory  power  of  sale  or  under  the  order  of  a  court  of 
competent  jurisdiction. 

Sbc.  26.— [Sale  by  One  Having  a  Voidable  Title.}  Where  the  seller  of 
goods  has  a  voidable  title  thereto,  but  his  title  has  not  been  avoided  at 
the  time  of  the  sale,  the  binrer  acquires  a  good  title  to  the  goods,  pro- 
vided he  buyB  them  in  good  faith,  for  value,  and  without  notice  of  the 
seller's  defect  of  title. 

Sbc.  2Q.—[Sale  by  Seller  in  Possession  of  Goods  Abready  Sold.}  Where 
a  person  having  sold  goods  continues  in  possession  of  the  goods,  or  of 
negotiable  documents  of  title  to  the  rooos,  the  delivery  or  transfer  by 
that  person,  or  by  an  agent  acting  for  him,  of  the  goods  or  documents  of 
title  under  any  sale,  pledge,  or  other  disposition  uiereof ,  to  any  penon 
receiving  and  paying  value  for  the  same  in  good  faith  ana  without  notice 
of  the  previous  sale,  shall  have  the  same  effect  as  if  the  person  making 
the  delivery  or  transfer  were  expressly  authorised  by  the  owner  of  the 
goods  to  make  the  same. 

Sic.  27.— iCreditorf^  Rights  Against  Sold  Goods  in  Seller's  Possession.} 
Where  a  person  having  sold  goods  continues  in  possession  of  the  floods, 
or  of  negotiable  documents  of  title  to  the  goods,  and  such  retention  of 


304  RBPOBT  OF   OOMMITTBE  ON 

possession  is  fraudulent  in  fact  or  is  deemed  fraudulent  under  any  rule 
of  law  of  the  state  where  the  goods  are  situated,  a  creditor  or  creditors  of 
the  seller  may  treat  the  sale  as  void. 

PART  in. 

Perfobmancb  of  the  Contbact. 

Sec.  28. — [Seller  Musi  Deliver  and  Buyer  Accept  Goods."]  It  is  the 
duty  of  the  seller  to  deliver  the  goods,  and  of  the  buyer  to  accept  and 
pay  for  them,  in  accordance  with  the  terms  of  the  contract  to  sell  or 
the  sale. 

Sec.  29. — [Delivery  and  Payment  are  Concurrent  Conditions.]  Unless 
otherwise  agreed,  delivery  of  the  goods  and  payment  of  the  price  are 
concurrent  conditions ;  that  is  to  say,  the  seller  must  be  ready  and  willing 
to  give  possession  of  the  goods  to  the  buyer  in  exchange  for  the  price 
and  the  buyer  must  be  ready  and  willing  to  pay  the  price  in  exchange  for 
possession  of  the  goods. 

Sec.  ZO.— [Place,  Time  and  Manner  of  Delivery.]  (1)  Whether  it  is 
for  the  buyer  to  take  possession  of  the  goods  or  for  the  seller  to  send 
them  to  the  buyer  is  a  question  depending  in  each  case  on  the  contract, 
express  or  implied,  between  the  parties.  Apart  from  any  such  contract, 
express  or  implied,  or  usage  of  trade  to  the  contrary,  the  place  of 
delivery  is  the  seller's  place  of  business  if  he  have  one,  and  if  not,  his 
residence;  but  in  case  of  a  contract  to  sell  or  a  sale  of  specific  goods, 
which  to  the  knowledge  of  the  parties  when  the  contract  or  the  sale  was 
made  were  in  some  other  place,  then  that  place  is  the  place  of  delivery. 

(2)  Where  by  a  contract  to  sell  or  a  sale  the  seller  is  bound  to  send  the 
goods  to  the  buyer,  but  no  time  for  sending  them  is  fixed,  the  seller  is 
bound  to  send  them  within  a  reasonable  time. 

(3)  Where  the  goods  at  the  time  of  sale  are  in  the  possession  of  a 
third  person,  the  seller  has  not  fulfilled  his  obligation  to  deliver  to  the 
buyer  unless  and  until  such  third  person  acknowledges  to  the  buyer  that 
he  holds  the  goods  on  the  buyer's  behalf;  but  as  against  all  others  than 
the  seller  the  buyer  shall  be  regarded  as  having  received  delivery  from 
the  time  when  such  third  person  first  has  notice  of  the  sale.  Nothing  in 
this  section,  however,  shall  afifect  the  operation  of  the  issue  or  negotia- 
tion or  transfer  of  any  document  of  title  to  goods. 

(4)  Demand  or  tender  of  delivery  may  be  treated  as  ineffectual  unless 
made  at  a  reasonable  hour.  What  is  a  reasonable  hour  is  a  question 
of  fact. 

(5)  Unless  otherwise  affreed,  the  expenses  of  and  incidental  to  putting 
the  goods  into  a  deliverable  state  must  be  borne  by  the  seller. 

Sec.  Zl.— [Delivery  oj  Wrong  Quantity.]  (1)  WTiere  the  seller  delivers 
to  the  buyer  a  quantity  of  goods  less  than  he  contracted  to  sell,  the 
buyer  may  reject  them,  but  if  the  buyer  accepts  or  retains  the  goods  so 
delivered,  knowing  that  the  seller  is  not  going  to  perform  the  contract 
in  full,  he  must  pay  for  them  at  the  contract  rate.  If,  howevo:,  the  buyer 
has  used  or  disposed  of  ^e  goods  delivered  before  he  knows  that  the 
seller  is  not  going  to  perform  his  contract  in  full,  the  buyer  shall  not  be 
liable  for  more  than  the  fair  value  to  him  of  the  goods  so  received. 

(2)  Where  the  seller  delivers  to  the  buyer  a  quantity  of  goods  laigar 
than  he  contracted  to  sell,  the  buyer  may  axscept  the  goods  mcluded  in 
the  contract  and  reject  the  rest,  or  he  may  reject  the  whole.  If  the  buyer 
accepts  the  whole  of  the  goods  so  deUvered  he  must  pay  for  them  at  the 

^  (3)  Where' the  seller  delivers  to  the  buyer  the  goods  he  contracted  to 
sell  mixed  with  goods  of  a  different  description  not  included  in  the  con- 


\ 


COMMERCE,   TRADE  ANP  COMMERCIAL  LAW.  306 

tract,  the  buyer  may  accept  the  goods  which  are  in  accordance  with  the 
contract  and  reject  tjie  rest,  or  he  may  reject  the  whole. 

(4)  The  provisions  of  this  section  are  subject  to  any  usage  of  trade, 
special  agreement,  or  course  of  dealing  between  the  parties. 

Sec.  32. — {Delivery  m  InstalmentaJ]  (1)  Unless  otherwise  agreed,  the 
buyer  of  goods  is  not  bound  to  accept  delivery  thereof  by  instalments. 

(2)  Where  there  is  a  contract  to  sell  goods  to  be  delivered  by  stated 
instalments,  which  are  to  be  separately  ^paid  for,  and  the  seller  makes 
defective  deliveries  in  respect  of  one  or  more  instalments,  or  the  buyer 
neglects  or  refuses  to  take  delivery  of  or  to  pay  for  one  or  more  instal- 
ments, it  depends  in  each  case  on  the  terms  of  the  contract  and  the  cir- 
cumstances of  the  case,  whether  the  breach  of  contract  is  so  material  as  to 
justify  the  injured  party  in  refusing  to  proceed  further  and  suing  for 
damages  for  breach  of  the  entire  contract,  or  whether  the  breach  is 
severable,  giving  rise  to  a  claim  for  compensation,  but  not  to  a  right  to 
treat  the  whole  contract  as  broken. 

Sbc.  dZ.— {Delivery  to  a  Carrier  on  Behalf  of  the  BuyerJ]  (1)  Where, 
under  the  terms  of  a  contract  to  sell  or  a  sale,  or  of  an  offer  to  buy,  the 
seller  is  authorized  or  required  to  send  the  goods  to  the  buyer,  delivery  of 
the  goods  to  any  carrier,  within  the  express  or  implied  terms  of  the  con- 
tract or  offer,  for  the  purpose  of  transmission  to  the  buyer  is  deemed  to 
be  a  dehvery  of  the  goods  to  the  buyer,  except  in  the  cases  provided  for 
in  Section  20,  Rules  5  and  6  or  unless  a  contrary  intent  appears. 

(2)  Unless  otherwise  authorized  by  the  buyer,  the  seller  must  make 
such  contract  with  the  carrier  on  behalf  of  the  buyer  as  may  be  reason- 
able, having  regard  to  the  nature  of  the  goods  and  the  other  circum- 
stances of  the  case'.  If  the  seller  omit  so  to  do,  and  the  goods  are  lost  or 
damaged  in  course  of  transit,  the  buyer  may  decline  to  treat  the  delivery 
to  the  carrier  as  a  delivery  to  himself,  or  may  hold  the  seller  responsible 
in  damages. 

(3)  Unless  otherwise  agreed,  where  goods  are  sent  by  the  seller  to  the 
buyer  under  circumstances  in  which  the  seller  knows  or  ought  to  know 
that  it  is  usual  to  insure,  the  seller  must  give  such  notice  to  the  buyer 
as  may  enable  him  to  insure  them  during  their  transit,  and,  if  the  seller 
fails  to  do  so,  the  goods  shall  be  deemed  to  be  at  his  risk  during  such 
transit. 

Sbc.  34. — {Right  to  Examine  the  Goods.}  (1)  Where  goods  are 
delivered  to  the  buyer,  which  he  has  not  previously  examined,  he  is  not 
deemed  to  have  accepted  them  unless  anci  until  he  has  had  a  reasonable 
opportunity  of  examining  them  for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  whether 
they  are  in  conformity  with  the  contract. 

(2)  Unless  otherwise  agreed,  when  the  seller  tenders  delivery  of  goods 
to  the  buyer,  he  is  bound,  on  request,  to  afford  the  buyer  a  reasonable 
opportimity  of  examining  the  goods  for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining 
whether  they  are  in  conformity  with  the  contract. 

(3)  Where  goods  are  delivered  to  a  carrier  by  the  seller,  in  accordance 
with  an  order  from  or  agreement  with  the  buyer,  upon  the  terms  that 
the  goods  shall  not  be  delivered  by  the  carrier  to  the  buyer  until  he  has 
paid  the  price,  whether  such  terms  are  indicated  by  marking  the  goods 
with  the  words  "  collect  on  dehvery,"  "  C.  O.  D.,"  or  otherwise,  or  where 
the  buyer  has  agreed  to  pay  the  price  on  receiving  documents  of  title, 
the  buyer  is  not  entitled  to  examine  the  goods  before  payment  of  the 
price  in  the  absence  of  agreement  permitting  such  examination. 

Sbc.  35^ — {What  Constitutes  Acceptance,}  The  buyer  is  deemed  to 
have  accepted  the  goods  when  he  intimates  to  the  seller  that  he  has 
accepted  them,  or  when  the  goods  have  been  delivered  to  him,  and  he 
does  any  act  in  relation  to  them  which  is  inconsistent  with  the  ownership 


/ 


306  RBPOKT  OF   qOMMITTBE  ON 

of  the  seller,  or  when,  after  the  lapse  of  a  reasonable  time,  he  retains  the 
goods  wiUiout  intimating  to  the  seller  that  he  has  rejected  them. 

Sbg.  36. — [Acceptance  Does  Not  Bar  Action  for  Danuiges.']  In  the 
absence  of  express  or  implied  agreement  of  the  parties,  acceptance  of  the 
goods  by  the  buyer  does  not  discharge  the  seller  from  liability  in  damages 
or  other  legal  remedy  for  breach  of  any  promise  or  warranty  in  the  con- 
tract to  sell  or  the  sale.  But  if,  after  acceptance  of  the  goods,  the  buyer 
fails  to  give  notice  to  the  seller  of  the  breach  of  any  promise  or  warranty 
within  a  reasonable  time  after  the  buyer  knows,  or  ought  to  know  of  such 
breach,  the  seller  shall  not  be  liable  therefor. 

Sec.  37. — [Buyer  is  Not  Bound  to  Return  Goods  Wrongly  Delivered.] 
Ui^ess  otherwise  agreed,  where  goods  are  delivered  to  the  buyer,  and  he 
refuses  to  accept  them,  having  the  ri^t  so  to  do,  he  is  not  bound  to 
return  them  to  the  seller,  but  it  is  sufQcient  if  he  notifies  the  seller  that  he 
refuses  to  accept  them. 

Sec.  38. — [Buyer^s  Liability  for  Failing  to  Accept  Pelivery.}  When  the 
seller  is  ready  and  willing  to  deliver  the  goods,  and  requests  the  buyer  to 
take  delivery,  and  the  buyer  does  not  within  a  reasonable  time  after  such 
request  take  delivery  of  the  goods,  he  is  liable  to  the  seller  for  any  loss 
occasioned  by  his  neglect  or  refusal  to  take  delivery,  and  also  for  a 
reasonable  charge  for  the  care  and  custody  of  the  goods.  If  the  neglect 
or  refusal  of  the  buyer  to  take  delivery  amounts  to  a  repudiation  or 
breach  of  the  entire  contract,  the  seller  dhall  have  the  rights  against  the 
goods  and  on  the  contract  hereinafter  provided  in  favor  of  the  seller 
when  the  buyer  is  in  default. 

Sbg.  Z9.-^[F,  0.  B.  ffiipmenisJ]  Unless  a  contrary  intention  appears, 
a  contract  to  sell  providing  for  the  delivery  of  goods  F.  O.  B.  a  named 
place  means  that  the  goods  are  to  be  put  in  the  poasession  of  a  carrier 
free  of  charges  at  that  place,  for  transmission  or  delivery  to  the  buyer, 
and  in  the  absence  of  terms  inconsistent  therewith  imposes  upon  the 
seller: 

(a)  The  duty  of  putting  the  goods  in  the  possession  of  the  carrier  and 
of  paying  all  charges  of  loading  or  transportation  until  the  goods  reach 
the  place  named ; 

(b)  The  duty  of  obtaining  from  the  carrier  a  bill  of  lading  for  the 
^oods,  which  may,  however,  if  the  seller  is  unpaid,  reserve  the  property 
m  him  for  security  as  provided  in  Section  21 ; 

(c)  The  risk  of  loss  imtil  the  goods  are  in  the  possession  of  the  carrier 
at  the  named  place. 

Such  a  contract,  in  the  absence  of  terms  unconsistent  therewith,  im- 
poses upon  the  buyer: 

(a)  The  duty  of  paying  the  price  on  performance  by  the  seller  of  his 
obligations ; 

(b)  The  risk  of  loss  from  the  time  that  the  goods  are  in  the  possession 
of  the  carrier  at  the  named  place. 

Sbc.  40.— [C.  /.  F.  ShipmentsJ]  Unless  a  contrarv  intention  appears,  a 
contract  to  sell  providing  for  the  shipment  of  gooas  C.  I.  F.  means  that 
the  goods  are  to  be  put  in  the  possession  of  a  carrier  for  transmission  to 
the  buyer  and  that  the  price  to  be  paid  includes  in  a  lump  sum  the  cost 
of  the  goods,  the  freight  to  the  place  of  destination,  and  the  premium  for 
insurance  of  the  goods  during  transit.  Such  a  contract  in  the  absence  of 
terms  inconsistent  therewith  imposes  upon  the  seller: 

(a)  The  duty  of  putting  the  goods  in  the  hands  of  the  carrier,  and  of 
pa3dng  all  charges  of  loading  and  freight  to  the  place  of  destination; 

(b)  The  duty  of  obtaining  from  the  carrier  a  bill  of  lading  for  the 
f^oodis,  which  may,  however,  if  the  seller  is  unpaid,  reserve  the  property 
m  him  for  security  as  provided  in  Section  21 ; 


COMMEKOB,   TRADE  AND  COMMERCIAL  LAW.  307 

(c)  The  duty  of  obtaining  a  policy  of  insurance,  insuring  the  goocbs 
during  transit,  and  paying  the  premium  therefor; 

(d)  The  duty  of  tendering  to  the  buyer,  on  condition  of  receiving  con- 
current payment  of  the  price.  (1)  a  bill  of  lading,  which  by  indorsement 
or  otherwise  makes  the  gooas  deliverable  at  destination  to  the  buyer; 

(2)  a  policy  of  insurance,  with  premium  paid,  under  which  payment  for 
loss  or  injury  to  the  gooos  during  transit  is  made  payable  to  the  buyer ; 

(3)  a  receipt  from  the  carrier  showing  that  the  freight  has  been  prepaid 
or  payment  thereof  secured. 

(e)  The  risk  of  loss  or  injury  to  the  goods  until  they  have  been 
delivered  to  the  carrier  and  covered  by  insurance. 

Such  a  contract  in  the  absence  of  terms  inconsistent  therewith,  im- 
poses upon  the  buyer: 

(a)  The  duty  of  paying  the  price  on  tender  by  the  seller  of  the  docu- 
ments due  from  him  as  above  stated; 

(b)  The  risk  of  loss  from  the  time  that  the  goods  have  been  delivered 
to  the  carrier  and  covered  by  insurance. 

Sec.  41. — [Interpretation  of  Other  Mercantile  Contracts.}  Unless  a 
contrary  intention  appears,  a  contract  to  sell  providing  for  the  delivery 
of  goods  F.  A.  S.  a  vessel  at  a  named  port  means  that  the  goods  are  to  be 
deCvered  alongside  the  vessel  free  of  charges,  and  imposes  upon  the 
seller  the  same  obligations  as  a  contract  to  deliver  the  goods  F.  0.  B.  the 
vessel  at  the  named  port  except  that  the  seller  does  not  assume  the  duty 
or  expense  of  loading  after  the  goods  have  been  delivered  to  the  carrier 
alongside  the  vessel. 

Unless  a  contrary  intention  appears  a  contract  to  sell  goods  C.  F.  or 
C.  A.  F.  or  C.  and  F.  means  that  the  eoods  are  to  be  put  in  the  posses- 
sion of  a  carrier  for  transmission  to  the  buyer  and  that  the  price  to  be 
paid  includes  in  a  lump  sum  the  cost  of  the  goods  and  the  freight  to 
the  place  of  destination.  Such  a  contract  imposes  upon  the  seller  in  the 
absence  of  terms  inconsistent  therewith  the  same  duties  as  a  G.I.F. 
contract  except  that  of  obtaining  insurance.  The  risk  is  on  the  buyer 
from  the  time  of  shipment  and  the  price  is  payable  on  tender  of  a 
proper  bill  of  lading  and  receipt  showing  that  tne  freight  has  been  pre- 
paid or  its  payment  secured. 

A  contract  to  sell  goods  C.A.C.  (that  is  for  a  price  including  in  a 
lump  sum  the  cost  of  the  goods  and  all  charges  to  the  place  of  destina- 
tion) has  the  same  effect  as  a  contract  to  sell  goods  G.  F.,  except  not 
only  freight  but  all  charges  on  the  soods  to  the  place  of  destination 
must  be  paid  or  their  payment  securea  by  the  seller. 

Sec.  42.— [FatZure  of  Carrier  to  Provide  Means  of  Transportation.'] 
In  all  cases  where  the  contract  provides  that  goods  shall  be  transported 
by  a  specific  carrier,  or  is  based  on  the  express  or  tacit  assumption  that 
they  will  be  so  transported,  if  that  carrier  fails  when  duly  requested,  and 
without  legal  liability  therefor,  to  furnish  cars  for  loading  the  goods,  or 
means  of  transporting  the  goods  to  the  named  place,  the  seller  is  not 
liable  to  the  buyer  for  delay  in  performance  or  for  non-performance  of 
the  contract  thus  caused. 

PART  IV. 

Rights  of  Unpaid  Seller  Against  the  Goods. 

Sec.  ^.—[Definition  of  Unpaid  Seller.}  (1)  The  seller  of  goods  is 
deemed  to  be  an  unpaid  seller  within  the  meaning  of  this  act — 

(a)  When  the  whole  of  the  price  has  not  been  paid  or  tendered; 

(b)  When  a  bill  of  exchange  or  other  n^otiable  instrument  has  been 
received  as  conditional  pasrment,  and  the  condition  on  which  it  was 


308  BEPOBT  OF   COMMITTEE  ON 

received  has  been  broken  by  reason  of  the  dishonor  of  the  instrument, 
the  insolvency  of  the  buyer,  or  otherwise. 

(2)  In  this  part  of  this  act  the  term  "  seller  "  includes  an  agent  of  the 
seller  to  whom  the  bill  of  lading  has  been  indorsed,  or  a  consignor  or 
agent  who  has  himself  paid,  or  is  directly  responsible  for,  the  price,  or 
any  other  person  who  is  in  the  position  of  a  seller. 

Sbc.  44. — [Remedies  of  an  Unpaid  SeUerJ]  (1)  Subject  to  the  pro- 
visions of  this  act,  notwithstanding  that  the  property  in  the  goods  may 
have  passed^  the  buyer,  unpaid  seller  of  goods,  as  such,  has — 

(a)  A  lien  on  the  goods  or  right  to  retain  them  for  the  price  while  he  is 
in  possession  of  them; 

(b)  In  case  of  the  insolvency  of  the  buyer,  a  right  of  stopping  the 
goods  in  transitu  after  he  has  parted  with  the  possession  of  them ; 

(c)  A  right  of  resale  as  limited  by  this  act ; 

(d)  A  right  to  rescind  the  sale  as  limited  by  this  act. 

(2)  Where  the  property  in  goods  has  not  passed  to  the  buyer,  the 
unpaid  seller  has,  in  addition  to  his  other  remedies,  a  right  of  with- 
holding delivery  similar  to  and  coextensive  with  his  rights  of  ^lien  and 
stoppage  in  transitu  where  the  property  has  passed  to  buyer. 

Unpaid  Seller^s  Lien. 

Sec.  45. — [When  Right  of  Lien  May  be  Exercised.]  (1)  Subject  to 
the  provisions  of  this  act,  the  unpaid  seller  of  goods  who  is  in  possession 
of  them  is  entitled  to  retain  possession  of  them  until  payment  or  tender 
of  the  price  in  the  following  cases,  namely: 

(a)  Where  the  goods  have  been  sold  without  any  stipulation  as  to 
credit ; 

(b)  Where  the  goods  have  been  sold  on  credit,  but  the  term  of  credit 
has  expired; 

(c)  Where  the  buyer  becomes  insolvent. 

(2)  The  seller  may  exercise  his  right  of  lien  notwithstanding  that  he  is 
in  possession  of  the  goods  as  agent  or  bailee  for  the  buyer. 

Sec.  46. — [Lien  After  Part  Delivery.]  Where  an  unpaid  seller  has  made 
part  delivery  of  the  goods,  he  may  exercise  his  right  of  lien  on  the 
remainder,  unless  such  part  delivery  has  been  made  under  such  circum- 
stances as  to  show  an  intent  to  waive  the  lien  or  right  of  retention. 

Sec.  47. — [When  Lien  is  Lost.]  (1)  The  unpaid  seller  of  goods  loses  his 
lien  thereon — 

(a)  When  he  dehvers  the  goods  to  a  carrier  or  other  bailee  for  the 
purpose  of  transmission  to  the  buyer  without  reserving  the  property  in 
the  goods  or  the  right  to  the  possession  thereof; 

(b)  When  the  buyer  or  his  agent  lawfully  obtains  possession-  of  the 
goods; 

(c)  By  waiver  thereof. 

(2)  The  unpaid  seller  of  goods,  having  a  lien  thereon,  does  not  lose 
his  lien  by  reason  only  that  he  has  obtained  judgment  or  decree  for  the 
price  of  the  goods. 

Stoppage  in  Transitu. 

Sbc.  48. — [SeUer  May  Stop  Goods  on  Buyer's  Insolvency.]  Subject  to 
the  provisions  of  this  act,  when  the  buyer  of  goods  is  or  becomes  in- 
solvent, the  unpaid  seller  who  has  parted  with  the  possession  of  the  goods 
has  the  right  of  stopping  them  in  transitu;  that  is  to  say,  he  may  resuzne 
possession  of  the  goods  at  any  time  while  they  are  in  transit,  and  he  wiU 
then  become  entitled  to  the  same  rights  in  regard  to  the  goods  as  he 
would  have  had  if  he  had  never  parted  with  the  possession. 

Sec.  AQ.--[When  Goods  Are  in  Transit.]  (1)  Goods  are  in  transit 
within  the  meaning  of  Section  48^ 


COMKEECE,  TEADB  AND   CO^KEBCIAL  I«AW.  309 

(a)  From  the  time  when  they  are  delivered  to  a  carrier  by  land  or 
water,  or  to  any  other  bailee,  for  the  purpose  of  transmission  to  the 
buyer,  until  the  buyer,  or  his  agent  in  that  behalf,  takes  delivery  of  them 
from  such  carrier  or  other  bailee; 

(b)  If  the  goods  are  rejected  by  the  buyer,  and  the  carrier  or  other 
bailee  continues  in  possession  of  them,  even  if  the  seller  has  refused  to 
receive  them  back. 

(2)  Goods  are  no  longer  in  transit  within  the  meaning  of  Section  48 — 

(a)  If  the  buyer,  or  his  agent  in  that  behalf,  obtains  deliveiy  of  the 
goods  at  or  before  their  arrival  at  the  appointed  destination ; 

(b)  If,  after  the  arrival  of  the  goods  at  the  appointed  destination,  the 
carrier  or  other  bailee  acknowledges  to  the  buyer  or  his  agent  that  he 
holds  the  goods  on  his  behalf  and  continues  in  possession  of  them  as 
bailee  for  the  buyer  or  his  agent;  and  it  is  immaterial  that  a  further 
destination  for  the  goods  may  have  been  indicated  by  the  buyer; 

(c)  If  the  carrier  or  other  bailee  wrongfully  refuses  to  deliver  the 
goods  to  the  buyer  or  his  agent  in  that  behalf. 

(3)  If  goods  are  delivered  to  a  ship  chartered  by  the  buyer,  it  is  a 
question  depending  on  the  circumstances  of  the  particular  case,  whether 
diey  are  in  the  possession  of  the  master  as  a  carrier  or  as  agent  of  the 
buyer. 

(4)  If  part  delivery  of  the  goods  has  been  made  to  the  buyer,  or  his 
agent  in  that  behalf,  the  remainder  of  the  goods  may  be  stopped  in 
transitu,  unless  such  part  delivery  has  been  made  under  such  circum- 
stances as  to  show  an  agreement  with  the  buyer  to  give  up  possession 
of  the  whole  of  the  goods. 

Sbc.  60. — [Ways  of  Exercising  the  Right  to  8top,1  (1)  The  unpaid 
seller  may  exercise  his  righH  of  stoppage  in  transitu  either  by  obtaining 
actual  possession  of  the  goods  or  by  giving  notice  of  his  claim  to  the 
carrier  or  other  bailee  in  whose  possession  the  goods  are.  Such  notice 
may  be  |[iven  either  to  the  person  in  actual  possession  of  the  goods  or  to 
his  principal.  In  the  latter  case  the  notice,  to  be  effectual,  miist  be  given 
at  such  time  and  under  such  circumstances  that  tiie  principal,  by  the 
exercise  of  reasonable  diligence,  may  prevent  a  delivery  to  the  Duyer. 

(2)  When  notice  of  stoppage  in  transitu  is  given  by  the  seller  to  the 
carrier,  or  other  bailee  in  possession  of  the  goods,  he  must  redeliver  the 
goods  to,  or  according  to  the  directions  of,  the  seller.  The  expenses  of 
such  redelivery  must  be  borne  by  the  seller.  If,  however,  a  negotiable 
document  of  title  representing  the  goods  has  been  issued  oy  the  carrier 
or  other  bailee,  he  shall  not  be  obliged  to  deliver  or  justified  in  deliver- 
ing the  goods  to  the  seller  unless  such  document  is  first  surrendered  for 
cancellation. 

Resale  by  the  Seller, 

Sec.  51.— [When  and  How  Resale  May  he  Made.^  (1)  Where  the 
goods  are  of  a  perishable  nature,  or  where  the  seller  expressly  reserves 
the  right  of  resale  in  case  the  buyer  should  make  default,  or  where  the 
buyer  has  repudiated  the  contract  to  sell  or  sale,  or  has  been  in  default 
in  the  payment  of  the  price  an  unreasonable  time,  an  unpaid  seller 
having  a  right  of  lien  or  having  stopped  the  goods  in  transitu  may  resell 
the  goods.  He  shall  not  thereafter  be  liable  to  the  original  buyer  upon 
the  contract  to  sell  or  the  sale  or  for  any  profit  made  by  such  resale,  but 
may  recover  from  the  buyer  damages  for  any  loss  occasioned  by  the 
breach  of  the  contract  or  the  sale. 

(2)  Where  a  resale  is  made,  as  authorized  in  this  section,  the  buyer 
thereunder  acquires  a  good  title  as  against  the  original  buyer. 

(3)  It  is  not  essential  to  the  validity  of  a  resale  that  notice  of  an  inten- 
tion to  resell  the  goods  be  given  by  the  seller  to  the  original  buyer.   But 


310  BEPORT  OP   COMMITTEE  ON 

where  the  right  to  resell  is  not  based  on  the  perishable  nature  of  the 
goods  or  upon  an  express  i}rovision  of  the  contract  or  the  sale,  the  giving 
or  failure  to  give  such  notice  shall  be  relevant  in  any  issue  involving  the 
question  whether  the  buyer  had  been  in  default  an  unreasonable  time 
before  the  resale  was  made. 

(4)  It  is  not  essential  to  the  validity  of  a  resale  that  notice  of  the  time 
and  place  of  such  resale  should  be  given  by  the  seller  to  the  original 
buyer. 

(5)  The  seller  is  bound  to  exercise  reasonable  care  and  judgment  in 
making  a  resale,  and  subject  to  this  requirement  may  make  a  resale  either 
by  public  or  private  sale. 

Rescission  by  the  Seller. 

Sec.  61. —[When  and  How  the  Seller  May  Rescind  the  Sale  J]  (1)  An 
unpaid  seller  having  a  right  of  lien  or  having  stopped  the  goods  in 
transitu,  may  rescind  the  transfer  of  title  and  resume  the  property  in  the 
goods,  where  he  expressly  reserved  the  right  to  do  so  in  case  the  buyer 
&ould  make  default,  or  where  the  buyer  has  been  in  default  in  the  pay- 
ment of  the  price  an  unreasonable  time.  The  seller  shall  not  thereafter 
be  liable  to  the  buyer  upon  the  contract  to  sell  or  the  sale,  but  may 
recover  from  the  buyer  damages  for  any  loss  occasioned  by  the  breach 
of  the  contract  or  the  sale. 

(2)  The  transfer  of  title  shall  not  be  held  to  have  been  rescinded  by  an 
unpaid  seller  until  he  has  manifested  by  notice  to  the  buyer  or  by  some 
other  overt  act  an  intention  to  rescind.  It  is  not  necessaiy  that  such 
overt  act  should  be  communicated  to  the  buyer,  biit  the  giving  or  failure 
to  give  notice  to  the  buyer  of  the  intentioikto  rescind  suall  be  relevant 
in  any  issue  involving  the  Question  whether  the  buyer  had  been  in 
default  an  unreasonable  time  before  the  right  of  rescission  was  asserted. 

Sec.  62.-^[Effect  of  Sale  of  Goods  Subject  to  Lien  or  Stopp<ige  in 
Transitu.]  Subject  to  the  provisions  of  this  act,  the  unpaid  seller's  risht 
of  lien  or  stoppage  in  transitu  is  not  affected  by  any  sale,  or  other  ais- 
position  of  the  goods  which  the  buyer  may  have  made,  unless  the  seller 
has  assented  thereto. 

If,  however,  a  negotiable  document  of  title  has  been  issued  for  goods, 
no  seller's  lien  or  right  of  stoppage  in  transitu  shall  defeat  the  right  of 
any  purchaser  for  value  in  good  faith  to  whom  such  document  has  been 
negotiated,  whether  such  negotiation  be  prior  or  subsequent  to  the 
notification  to  the  carrier  or  other  bailee  who  issued  such  document,  of 
the  seller's  claim  to  a  lien  or  right  of  stoppage  in  transitu, 

PART  V. 

Actions  fob  Bbkach  or  thb  Ck>NTBACT. 

Remedies  of  the  Seller, 

Sec.  53. — [Action  for  the  Price.]  (1)  Where,  under  a  contract  to  sell 
or  a  sale,  the  property  in  the  goods  has  passed  to  the  buyer,  and  the 
buyer  wrongfully  neglects  or  refuses  to  pay  for  the  goods  according  to 
the  terms  of  the  contract  or  the  sale,  the  seller  may  maintain  an  action 
against  him  for  the  price  of  the  goods. 

(2)  Where  the  seller  has  retained  the  property  in  the  goods  merely  for 
securing  payment  of  the  price,  he  may,  after  offerinj;  to  the  buyer  to 
.surrender  such  property  interest  on  condition  of  receiving  the  price  in 

accordance  with  the  terms  of  the  contract,  maintain  an  action  for  the 
price  of  the  goods. 

(3)  Where,  imder  a  contract  to  sell  or  a  sale,  the  price  is  payable  on  a 
day  certain,  irrespective  of  delivery  or  of  transfer  of  title,  and  the  buyer 


GOMMiERCBy  TBADE  AND  GOHISEBCIAL  LAW.  311 

wrongfully  neglects  or  refuses  to  pay  such  price,  the  seller  may  maintain 
an  action  for  the  price,  although  the  property  in  the  goods  has  not 
passed,  and  the  goods  have  not  been  appropriated  to  the  contract.  But 
it  shall  be  a  defense  to  such  an  action  that  the  seller  at  any  time  before 
judgment  in  such  action  has  manifested  an  inability  to  perform  the  con- 
tract or  the  sale  on  his  part  or  an  intention  not  to  perform  it. 

(4)  Although  the  property  in  the  goods  has  not  passed,  if  they  cannot 
readily  be  resold  for  a  reasonable  price,  and  if  the  provisions  of  Section 
54  (4)  are  not  applicable,  the  seller  may  offer  to  deliver  the  goods  to  the 
buyer,  and,  if  the  buyer  refuses  to  receive  them,  may  notity  the  buyer 
that  the  goods  are  thereafter  held  by  the  seller  as  bailee  for  the  buyer. 
Thereafter  the  seller  may  treat  the  goods  as  the  buyer's  and  may  main- 
tain an  action  for  the  price. 

Etac.  64. — [Action  for  Damages  for  Non-Acceptance  of  the  Goods.] 
(1)  Where  the  buyer  wrongfully  n^lects  or  refuses  to  accept  and 'pay 
for  the  goods,  the  seller  may  maintain  an  action  against  him  for  damages 
for  non-acceptance. 

(2)  The  measure  of  damages  is  the  estimated  loss  directly  and  natur- 
ally resulting,  in  the  ordinary  course  of  events,  from  the  buyer's  breach 
of  contract. 

(3)  Where  there  is  an  available  market  for  the  goods  in  question,  the 
measure  of  damages  is,  in  the  absence  of  special  circumstances  showing 
proximate  damage  of  a  different  amount,  the  difference  between  the  con- 
tract price  and  the  market  or  current  price  at  the  time  or  times  when  the 
goods  ought  to  have  been  accepted,  or,  if  no  time  was  fixed  for  accep- 
tance, then  at  the  time  of  the  refusal  to  accept. 

(4)  If,  while  labor  or  expeiise  of  material  amount  is  neoessaiy  on  the 
part  of  the  seller  to  enable  bim  to  fulfill  his  obligations  under  the  ccm- 
tract  to  sell  or  the  sale,  the  buyer  repudiates  the  contract  or  the  sale,  or 
notifies  the  seller  to  proceed  no  further  therewith,  the  buyer  diall  be 
liable  to  the  seller  for  no  greater  damages  than  the  seller  would  have 
suffered  if  he  did  nothing  towards  carrying  out  the  contract  or  the  sale 
after  receiving  notice  of  the  buyer's  repuoiation  or  countermand.  The 
profit  the  seller  would  have  made  if  the  contract  or  the  sale  had  been  fully 
performed  shall  be  considered  in  estimating  such  damages. 

8bg.  65. — [When  Seller  May  Rescind  Contract  or  Sale,}  Where  the 
goods  have  not  been  delivered  to  the  buyer,  and  the  huy&r  has  repudiated 
the  contract  to  sell  or  sale,  or  has  manifested  his  inabiuty  to  penorm  his 
obligations  thereunder,  or  has  conmiitted  a  material  breach  thereof,  the 
seller  may  totally  rescind  the  contract  or  the  sale  by  giving  notice  of  his 
election  so  to  do  to  the  buyer.  If  the  seller  elects  this  course  rather  than 
that  provided  for  in  the  preceding  section,  he  can  maintain  no  action 
against  the  buyer,  for  his  failure  to  accept  the  goods. 

Remedies  of  the  Buyer. 

Sbc.  66. — [Action  for  Converting  or  Detaining  Goods,]  Where  the 
property  in  the  goods  has  passed  to  the  buver  and  the  seller  wrongfully 
neglects  or  refuses  to  deliver  the  goods,  the  buyer  may  maintain  any 
action  allowed  by  law  to  the  owner  of  goods  of  similar  kind  when  wrong- 
fully converted  or  withheld. 

Sbc.  b7,— [Action  for  FaHing  to  Deliver  Goods.}  (1)  Where  the 
property  in  iLe  goods  has  not  paas^  to  the  buyer,  and  the  seller  wron^ 
lulb^  neglects  or  refuses  to  deliver  the  goods,  the  buyer  msiy  maintam 
an  action  against  the  seller  for  damages  for  non-delivery. 

(2)  The  measure  of  damages  is  the  loss  directly  and  naturally  resulting 
in  the  ordinary  course  of  events,  from  the  seller's  breach  of  contract. 

(3)  Where  there  is  an  available  market  for  the  goods  in  question,  the 
measure  of  damages,  in  the  absence  of  special  circumstances  showing 


V 


312  BEPORT  OP   COMMITTEE  ON 

proximate  damages  of  a  different  amount,  is  the  difference  between  the 
contract  price  and  the  market  or  current  price  of  the  goods  at  the  time 
or  times  when  they  ought  to  have  been  dehvered,  or,  if  no  time  was  fixed, 
then  at  the  time  of  the  refusal  to  deliver. 

Sec.  58.— [Specific  PerformanceJ]  Where  the  seller  has  broken  a  con- 
tract to  deliver  specific  or  ascertained  goods,  a  court  having  the  powers 
of  a  court  of  equity  may,  if  it  thinks  fit,  on  the  application  of  the  buyer, 
by  its  judgment  or  decree  direct  that  the  contract  shall  be  performed 
specifically,  without  giving  the  seller  the  option  of  retaining  the  goods  on 
payment  of  damages.  The  judgment  or  decree  may  be  unconditional, 
or  upon  such  terms  and  conditions  as  to  damages,  payment  of  the  price 
and  otherwise,  as  to  the  court  may  seem  just. 

Sbc.  59,— [Remedies  for  Breach  of  Warranty.l  (1)  Where  there  is  a 
breach  of  warranty,  by  the  seller,  the  buyer  may,  at  his  election — 

(a)  Accept  or  keep  the  goods  and  set  up  against  the  seller,  the  breach 
of  warranty  by  way  of  recoupment  in  diminution  or  extinction  of  the 
price ; 

(b)  Accept  or  keep  the  goods  and  maintain  an  action  against  the  seller 
for  damages  for  the  breach  of  warranty; 

(c)  Refuse  to  accept  the  goods,  if  the  property  therein  has  not  passed, 
and  maintain  an  action  against  the  seller  for  damages  for  the  breach  of 
warranty ; 

(d)  Rescind  the  contract  to  sell  or  the  sale  and  refuse  to  receive  the 
goods,  or  if  the  goods  have  already  been  received,  return  them  or  offer  to 
return  them  to  the  seller,  and  recover  the  price  or  any  part  thereof  which 
has  been  paid. 

(2)  When  the  buyer  has  claimed  and  been  sranted  a  remedy  in  any 
one  of  these  ways,  no  other  remedy  can  thereafter  be  granted. 

(3)  Where  the  goods  have  been  delivered  to  the  buyer,  he  cannot 
rescind  the  sale  if  he  knew  of  the  breach  of  warranty  when  he  accepted 
the  goods,  or  if  he  fails  to  notify  the  seller  within  a  reasonable  time  of 
the  election  to  rescind,  or  if  he  fails  to  return  or  to  offer  to  return  the 
goods  to  the  seller  in  substantially  as  good  condition  as  they  were  in  at 
the  time  the  property  was  transferred  to  the  buyer.  But  if  deterioration 
or  injury  of  the  goods  is  due  to  the  breach  of  warranty,  such  deterioration 
or  injury  shall  not  prevent  the  buyer  from  returning  or  offering  to  return 
the  goods  to  the  seller  and  rescincQng  the  sale. 

(4)  Where  the  buyer  is  entitled  to  rescind  the  sale  and  elects  to  do  so, 
the  buyer  shall  cease  to  be  liable  for  the  price  upon  returning  or  offering 
to  return  the  goods.  If  the  price  or  any  part  thereof  has  luready  been 
paid,  the  seller  shall  be  ^able  to  repay  so  much  thereof  as  has  been  paid, 
concurrently  with  the  return  of  the  goods,  or  immediately  after  an  offer 
to  return  the  goods  in  exchange  for  repayment  of  the  price. 

(5)  Where  die  buyer  is  entitled  to  rescind  the  sale  and  elects  to  do  so, 
if  the  seller  refuses  to  accept  an  offer  of  the  buyer  to  return  the  goods, 
the  buyer  shall  thereafter  be  deemed  to  hold  the  goods  as  bailee  for  the 
seller,  but  subject  to  a  lien  to  secure  the  repa3rment  of  any  portion  of 
the  price  which  has  been  paid,  and  with  the  remedies  for  the  enforcement 
of  such  lien  allowed  to  an  unpaid  seller  by  Section  44. 

(0)  The  measure  of  damages  for  breach  of  warranty  is  the  loss  directly 
and  naturally  resulting,  in  the  ordinary  course  of  events,  from  the  breach 
of  warranty. 

(7)  In  the  case  of  breach  of  warranty  of  quality,  such  loss,  in  the 
absence  of  special  circumstances  showing  proximate  damage  of  a  different 
amount,  is  the  difference  between  the  value  of  the  goods  at  the  time  of 
delivery  to  the  buyer  and  the  value  they  would  have  had  if  they  had 
answered  to  the  warrant/. 


COMKERGE>  TRADE  AND  COMMERCIAL  LAW.  313 

Sbc.  60. — [Interest  and  Special  DamagesJl  Nothing  in  this  act  shall 
affect  the  right  of  the  buyer  or  the  seller  to  recover  intereet  or  special 
damages  in  any  case  where  by  law  interest  or  special  damages  may  be 
recoverable,  or  to  recover  money  paid  where  the  consideration  for  the 
payment  of  it  has  failed. 

PART  VI. 

Intebfbbtation. 

Sec.  61.-— [Variaa'on  of  Implied  Obligations.!  Where  any  right,  duty 
or  liability  would  arise  under  a  contract  to  sell  or  a  sale  by  implication 
of  law,  it  may  be  negatived  or  varied  by  express  agreement  or  by  the 
course  of  d^iiing  between  the  parties,  or  by  custom,  if  the  custom  be 
such  as  to  bind  both  parties  to  the  contract  or  the  sale. 

Sbc.  ii2.-^lRights  May  be  Enforced  by  Actton."]  Where  any  right, 
duty  or  liability  is  declared  by  this  act,  it  may,  unless  otherwise  by  this 
act  provided,  be  enforced  by  action. 

Sbc.  eZ.-^lRule  for  Cases  Not  Provided  for  by  this  Act.l  In  apy  case 
not  provided  for  in  this  act,  the  rules  of  law  and  equity,  including  the 
law  merchant,  and  in  particular  the  rules  relating  to  the  law  of  principal 
and  agent  and  to  the  effect  of  fraud,  misrepresentation,  duress  or  coercion, 
mistake,  bankruptcy,  or  other  invalidating  cause,  shall  continue  to  apply 
to  contracts  to  sell  and  to  sales  of  goods. 

Sbc.  64. — [Interpretation  Shall  Give  Effect  to  Purpose  of  Unity,']  This 
act  shall  be  so  interpreted  and  construed  as  to  effectuate  its  general 
purpose  to  unify  the  law  of  sales  and  contracts  to  sell  in  commerce 
among  the  states  and  with  foreign  nations. 

Sec.  65.— [ProvmoTW  Not  Applicable  to  Mortgages,1  The  provisions 
of  this  act  relating  to  contracts  to  sell  and  to  sales  do  not  apply,  unless 
so  stated,  to  any  transaction  in  the  form  of  a  contract  to  sell  or  a  sale 
which  is  intended  to  operate  by  way  of  mortgage,  pledge,  charge,  or  other 
security. 

Sec.  e6.— [Definitions.'}  (1)  In  this  act  unless  the  context  or  subject 
matter  otherwise  requires — 

"  Action  "  includes  counterclaim,  set-off  and  suit  in  equity. 

"Buyer"  means  a  person  who  buys  or  agrees  to  buy  goods  or  any 
legal  successor  in  interest  o^such  person. 

"Defendant''  includes  a  plaintiff  against  whom  a  right  of  set-off  or 
counterclaim  is  asserted. 

"Delivery"  means  voluntary  transfer  of  possession  from  one  person 
to  another. 

"  Divisible  contract  to  sell  or  sale  "  means  a  contract  to  sell  or  a  "sale 
in  which  by  its  terms  the  price  for  a  portion  or  portions  of  the  goods  less 
than  the  whole  is  fixed  or  ascertainable  by  computation. 

"  Document  of  title  to  goods  "  includes  any  bill  of  lading,  dock  warrant, 
warehouse  receipt  or  order  for  the  delivery  of  ^oods,  or  any  other  docu- 
ment used  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business  m  the  sale  or  transfer  of 
goods,  as  proof  of  the  possession  or  control  of  the  goods,  or  authorizing  or 
purporting  to  authorize  the  possessor  of  the  document  to  trfmsfer  or 
receive,  either  by  indorsement,  or  by  delivery,  goods  represented  by 
such  document. 

A  document  of  title  in  which  it  is  stated  that  the  goods  referred  to 
therein  will  be  delivered  by  a  bailee  stated  to  be  in  possession  of  them  to 
the  bearer,  or  to  the  order  of  any  person  named  in  such  document  is  a 
negotiable  document  of  title. 

"  Fault "  means  wrongful  act  or  default. 


314  REPORT  OP   COMMITTEE  ON 

"  Fungible  goods  "  means  gcx>ds  of  which  any  unit  is  from  its  nature 
or  by  mercantile  usage  treated  as  the  equivalent  of  any  other  unit. 

"  Future  goods  "  means  goods  to  be  manufactured  or  acquired  by  the 
seller  after  the  making  of  the  contract  of  sale. 

"  Goods  "  include  all  chattels  personal  other  than  things  in  action  and 
money.  The  term  includes  emblements,  industrial  erowing  crops,  and 
things  attached  to  or  forming  part  of  the  land  which  are  agreea  to  be 
severed  before  sale  or  under  the  contract  of  sale. 

**  Order ''  in  sections  of  this  act  relatihg  to  documents  of  title  means 
an  order  by  indorsement  on  the  document. 

''  Person  "  includes  a  corporation  or  partnership  or  two  or  more  persons 
having  a  joint  or  common  interest. 

"  Plaintiff  "  includes  defendant  asserting  a  right  of  set-off  or  counter- 
claim. 

"  Property  "  means  the  general  property  in  goods,  and  not  merely  a 
special  property. 

"  Purchaser  "  includes  mortgagee  and  pledgee. 

''  Purchases  "  includes  taking  as  a  mortgagee  or  as  a  pledgee. 

"  Quality  of  goods  "  includes  their  state  or  condition. 

''  Sale  "  includes  a  bargain  and  sale  as  well  as  a  sale  and  delivery. 

*'  Seller  "  means  a  person  who  sells  or  agrees  to  sell  goods,  or  any  legal 
successor  in  interest  of  such  person. 

''  Specific  goods  "  means  goods  identified  and  agreed  upon  at  the  time 
a  contract  to  sell  or  sale  is  made. 

''State "  includes  any  territory,  district,  insular  possession,  or  isthmian 
possession. 

"  Value  "  is  any  consideration  suj£cient  to  support  a  simple  contract. 
An  antecedent  or  pre-existing  claim,  whether  for  money  or  not,  consti- 
tutes value  where  goods  or  documents  of  titles  are  taken  either  in  satis- 
faction thereof  or  as  security  therefor. 

(2)  A  thing  is  done  "  in  good  faith  "  within  the  meaning  of  this  act 
when  it  is  in  fact  done  honestly,  whether  it  is  done  neghgently  or  not. 

(3)  A  person  is  insolvent  within  the  meaning  of  this  act  who  either 
has  ceased  to  pay  his  debts  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business  or  cannot 
pay  his  debts  as  th^  become  due,  whether  he  has  committed  an  act  of 
bankruptcy  or  not,  and  whether  he  is  insolvent  within  the  meaning  of 
the  federal  bankruptcy  law  or  not. 

(4)  Goods  are  in  a  "  deliverable  state  "  wi/iiin  the  meanins  of  this  act 
when  they  are  in  such  a  state  that  the  buyer  would,  under  me  contract, 
be  bound  to  take  delivery  of  them. 

Sbo.  67. — [Act  Not  Applicable  to  Antecedent  Transactions. 1  The  pro- 
visions of  this  act  do  not  apply  to  sales  or  contracts  to  sell  entered  mto 
or  based  on  offers  made  prior  to  the  date  when  this  act  takes  effect. 

Sec.  68. — [//  Parts  of  Act  are  Unconstitutional,  Other  Parts  Stand.] 
The  provisions  and  each  part  thereof  and  the  sections  and  each  part 
thereof  of  this  act  are  independent  and  several,  and  the  declaring  of  any 
provision  or  part  thereof  or  provisions  or  part  thereof,  or  section  or  part 
thereof  or  sections  or  part  thereof,  unconstitutional,  ^all  not  impair  or 
render  unconstitutional  any  other  provision  or  part  thereof  or  section  or 
part  thereof. 

Sbc.  69. — [Inconsistent  Legislation  Repealed."]  All  acts  or  parts  of  acts 
inconsistent  with  this  act  are  hereby  repealed. 

Sbsc.  70.— [Time  When  the  Act  Takes  Effect.]  This  act  shall  take  effect 
on  the  first  day  of  January  next  after  its  passage. 

Sbc.  71. — [Name  of  Act.]  This  act  may  be  cited  as  the  Federal  Sales 
Act. 


COMMERCE,  TRADE  AND  COMMERCIAL  LAW.  315 


APPENDIX  B, 

REVISED  DRAFT  OP  UNITED  STATES 
ARBITRATION  ACT 

As   APPROYEa)  BY  THE  COMMITTEE  ON  COMMERCE,  TrADE  AND 

Commercial  Law,  American  Bar 
Association  (1922) 

A  BILL 

To  MaKB  VaUD  and  EnFORGBABLB  WbITTBN  PbOVISIONS  OB  AOBBBMBNTS 

FOB  Abbitration  OF  DiapuTsa  Abising  Ottt  of  Contbacts,  Mabitimb 

TbANBACTIONB  OB  CoMMERCB  AmONQ  THB  StATBS  OB  T&BBTrOBIBS  OB 
WITH  FOBBIQN  NATIONS. 

Be  U  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the 
United  States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled: 

Section  1.  "  Maritime  transactions/'  as  herein  defined  means  charter 
parties,  bills  of  lading  of  water  carriers,  agreements  relating  to  wharfage, 
supph'es  furnished  vessels  or  repairs  to  vessels,  seamen's  wages,  collisions, 
or  any  other  matters  in  foreign  or  interstate  commerce  whidi,  if  the  sub- 
ject of  controversy,  would  be  embrac«i  within  admiralty  jurisdiction; 

commerce"  as  herein  defined  means  commerce  among  tiie  several 
states  or  with  foreign  nations,  or  in  any  territory  of  the  United  States 
or  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  or  between  any  such  territory  and 
another,  or  between  any  such  territory  and  any  state  or  foreign  nation, 
or  between  the  District  of  Columbia  and  any  state  or  territory  or 
foreign  nation. 

Sbc.  2.  A  written  provision  in  any  contract  or  maritime  transaction  or 
transaction  involving  commerce  to  settle  by  arbitration  a  controversy 
thereafter  arising  between  the  parties  out  of  such  contract  or  transaction 
or  the  refusal  to  perform  the  whole  or  any  part  thereof  or  an  agreement 
in  writing  to  submit  to  arbitration  an  existing  controversy  arising  out  of 
such  a  contract,  transaction  or  refusal  shall  be  valid,  enforceable  and 
irrevocable,  save  upon  such  grounds  as  exist  at  law  or  in  equity  for  the 
revocation  of  any  contract. 

Sbc.  3.  If  any  suit  or  proceeding  be  brought  in  any  of  the  courts  of 
the  United  States  upon  $ny  issue  referable  to  arbitration  under  an 
agreement  in  writing,  the  court  in  which  such  suit  is  pending,  upon  being 
satisfied  that  the  issue  involved  in  such  suit  or  proceeding  is  referable 
to  arbitration  under  such  an  agreement,  shall  stay  the  trial  of  the  action 
until  such  arbitration  has  been  had  in  accordance  with  the  terms  of  the 
agreement  providing  tiie  applicant  for  the  stay  is  not  in  default  in  pro- 
ceeding vntn  such  arbitration. 

Sec.  4.  A  party  aggrieved  by  the  failure,  neglect  or  refusal  of  another 
to  perform  under  an  agreement  for  arbitration  which  is  in  writing  may 
petition  any  court  of  the  United  States  which,  save  for  such  afip-eement, 
would  have  jurisdiction  under  the  Judicial  Code  at  law,  in  equity  or  in 
admiralty  of  the  subject  matter  of  a  suit  arising  out  of  the  controverQr 
between  the  parties,  for  an  order  directing  that  such  arbitration  proceed 
in  the  manner  provided  for  in  such  agreement.  Five  days'  notice  in 
writing  of  such  application  shall  be  served  upon  the  party  in  default. 
Service  thereof  shall  be  made  in  the  nianner  provided  by  law  for  the 
service  of  summary  process  in  the  jurisdiction  in  which  the  proceeding  is 
brought.   The  court  shall  hear  the  parties,  and  upon  being  satisfied  that 


316  REPORT  OP   COMMITTEE  ON  ^ 

the  making  of  the  agreement  for  arbitration  or  the  failure  to  comply 
therewith  is  not  in  issue,  the  court  shall  make  an  order  directing  the 
parties  to  proceed  to  arbitration  in  accordance  with  the  terms  of  the 
agreement.  If  the  making  of  the  agreement  or  the  default  be  in  issue, 
the  court  shall  proceed  summarilv  to  the  trial  thereof.  If  no  jury  trial 
be  demanded  by  the  party  in  default,  or  if  the  matter  in  dispute  is 
within  admiralty  jurisdiction,  the  court  shall  hear  and  determine  such 
issue.  Where  such  an  issue  is  raised,  the  party  alleged  to  be  in  default 
may,  except  in  cases  of  admiralty^  on  or  before  the  return  day  of  the 
notice  of  application,  demand  a  jury  trial  of  such  issue,  and  if  such 
demand  be  made,  the  court  shall  make  an  order  referring  the  issue  or 
issues  to  a  jury  in  the  manner  provided  by  law  for  referring  to  a  jury 
issues  in  an  equity  action  or  may  specially  call  a  jury  for  that  purpose. 
If  the  jury  find  that  no  ag[reement  in  writing  for  arbitration  was  made 
or  that  there  is  no  default  m  proceeding  thereunder  the  proceeding  shall 
be  dismissed.  If  the  jury  find  that  an  agreement  for  arbitration  was 
made  in  writing  and  that  there  is  a  default  in  proceeding  thereunder,  the 
court  shall  make  an  order  summarily  directing  the  parties  to  proceed 
with  the  arbitration  in  accordance  with  the  terms  thereof. 

Sec.  5.  If  in  the  agreement  provision  be  made  for  a  method  of  naming 
or  appointing  an  arbitrator  or  arbitrators  or  an  iuni)ire,  such  method 
shall  be  followed ;  but  if  no  method  be  provided  therein,  or  if  a  method 
be  provided  and  any  party  thereto  shall  fail  to  avail  himself  of  such 
metnod,  or  for  any  other  reason  there  shall  be  a  lapse  in  the  naming  of 
an  arbitrator  or  arbitrators  or  umpire,  or  in  filhng  a  vacancy,  theki, 
upon  application  by  either  party  to  the  controversy,  the  court  shall 
designate  and  appoint  an  arbitrator  or  arbitrators  or  umpire,  as  the  case 
may  require,  wno  shall  act  under  the  said  agreement  with  the  same 
force  and  effect  as  if  he  or  they  had  been  specifically  named  therein ;  and 
imlesB  otherwise  provided  the  arbitration  shall  be  by  a  single  arbitrator. 

Sec.  6.  Any  application  to  the  court  hereunder  shall  be  made  and 
heard  in  the  manner  provided  b^  law  for  the  making  and  hearing  of 
motions,  except  as  otherwise  herein  expressly  provided. 

Sec.  7.  The  arbitrators  selected  either  as  prescribed  in  this  act  or 
otherwise,  or  a  majority  of  them,  may  summon  in  writing  any  person 
to  attend  before  them  or  any  of  them  as  a  witness  and  in  a  proper  case 
to  bring  with  him  or  them  a  book  or  paper.  The  fees  for  such  atten- 
dance shall  be  the  same  as  the  fees  of  witnesses  before  masters  of  tiie 
United  States  courts.  Said  summons  shall  isBue  in  the  name  of  the 
arbitrator  or  arbitrators,  or  a  majority  of  them,  and  shall  be  signed  by 
the  arbitrators,  or  a  majority  of  them,  and  shall  be  directed  to  the  said 
person  and  shall  be  served  in  the  same  manner  as  subpoenas  to  testify 
oefore  the  coiul; ;  if  any  person  or  persons  so  summoned  to  testify  shall 
refuse  or  neglect  to  obey  said  summons,  upon  petition  the  United  States 
Court  in  and  for  the  district  in  which  such  arbitrators,  or  a  majority 
of  them,  are  sitting  may  compel  the  attendance  of  such  person  or  persons 
before  said  arbitrator  or  arbitrators,  or  punish  said  person  or  persons  for 
contempt  in  the  same  manner  now  provided  for  the  attendance  of  wit- 
nesses or  the  punishment  of  them  in  the  courts  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  8.  If  the  basis  of  jurisdiction  be  diversity  of  citizenship  between 
citizens  of  several  states  or  one  of  the  parties  be  a  foreign  state,  citiien 
or  subject,  the  district  court  or  courts  which  would  have  jurisdiction  if 
the  matter  in  controvert  exceeded,  exclusive  of  interest  and  costs,  the 
sum  or  value  of  three  thousand  dollars,  shall  have  jurisdiction  to  pro- 
ceed hereunder  notwithstanding  the  amount  in  controvert  is  unascer- 
tained or  is  to  be  determined  by  arbitration. 

Sec.  9.  If  the  baais  of  jurisdiction  be  a  cause  of  action  otherwise 
justiciable  in  admiralty,  then,  notwithstanding  anything  herein  to  the 


COMMERCE,  TBADB.  AND  COMMERCIAL  LAW.  317 

contraiy,  the  party  claiming  to  be  aggrieved  may  begin  his  proceeding 
hereunder  by  libel  and  seizure  of  the  vessel  or  other  property  of  the 
other  party  according  to  the  usual  course  of  admiralty  proceedings, 
and  the  court  shall  then  have  jurisdiction  to  direct  the  parties  to 
proceed  with  the  arbitration  and  shall  retain  jurisdiction  to  enter  its 
decree  upon  the  award. 

Sbo.  10.  If  the  parties  in  their  agreement  have  agreed  that  a 
judgment  of  the  court  shall  be  entered  upon  the  award  made  pursuant  to 
the  arbitration,  and  shall  specify  the  court,  then  at  any  time  within  one 
year  after  the  award  is  made,  which  award  must  be  in  writing  and 
acknowledged  or  proved  in  like  manner  as  a  deed  for  the  conveyance 
of  real  estate,  and  delivered  to  one  of  the  parties  or  his  attorney,  any 
party  to  the  arbitration  may  apply  to  the  court  so  specified  for  an 
order  confirming  the  award  and  thereupon  the  court  must  grant  such  an 
order,  unless  the  award  is  vacated,  modfied  or  corrected  as  prescribed  in 
the  next  two  sections.  If  no  court  is  specified  in  the  agreement  of  the 
parties,  then  such  application  may  be  made  to  the  United  States  court 
m  and  for  the  district  within  which  such  award  was  made.  Notice  of 
the  motion  must  be  served  upon  the  adverse  party  or  his  attorney  as 
prescribed  by  law  for  service  of  notice  of  motion  in  an  action  in  the  same 
court. 

Sec.  11.  In  either  of  the  following  cases,  the  United  States  court  in 
and  for  the  district  wherein  the  award  was  made  may  make  an  order 
Vacating  the  award,  upon  the  application  of  any  party  to  the  arbitration: 

(a)  Where  the  award  was  procured  by  corruption,  fraud  or  undue 
means. 

(b)  Where  there  was  evident  partiality  or  corruption  in  the  arbitrators, 
or  either  of  them. 

(c)  Where  the  arbitrators  were  guilty  of  misconduct,  in  refusing  to 
postpone  the  hearing,  upon  sufficient  cause  shown,  or  in  refusing  to  hear 
evidence,  pertinent  ana  material  to  the  controversy;  or  of  any  other 
misbehavior,  by  which  the  rights  of  any  party  have  been  prejudiced. 

(d)  Where  the  arbitrators  exceeded  their  powers,  or  so  imperfectly 
executed  them,  that  a  mutual,  final,  and  definite  award,  iipon  the  subject 
matter  submitted,  was  not  made. 

Where  an  award  is  vacated  and  the  time,  within  which  the  agreement 
required  the  award  to  be  made,  has  not  expired,  the  court  may  in  its 
discretion  direct  a  rehearing  by  the  arbitrators. 

Sec.  12.  In  either  of  the  following  cases*  the  United  States  Comt  in 
and  for  the  district  wherein  the  award  was  made  may  make  an  order 
modifying  or  correcting  the  award,  upon  the  application  of  any  party 
to  the  arbitration: 

(a)  Where  there  was  an  evident  miscalculation  of  figures,  or  an 
evident  mistake  in  the  description  of  any  person,  thing  or  property, 
referred  to  in  the  award. 

(b)  Where  the  arbitrators  have  awarded  upon  a  matter  not  submitted 
to  them,  unless  it  is  a  matter  not  affecting  the  merits  of  the  decision 
upon  the  matters  submitted. 

(c)  Where  the  award  is  imperfect  in  a  matter  of  form,  not  affecting 
the  merits  of  the  controvert. 

The  order  may  modify  and  correct  the  award,  so  a3  to  effect  the 
intent  thereof,  and  promote  justice  between  the  parties. 

Sec.  13.  Notice  of  a  motion  to  vacate,  modify  or  correct  an  award, 
must  be  served  upon  the  adverse  party  or  his  attorney,  within  three 
months  after  the  award  is  filed  or  delivered  as  prescribed  by  law  for 
service  of  notice  of  a  motion  in  an  action.  For  the  purposes  of  the  motion 
any  judge  who  might  make  an  order  to  stay  the  proceedings,  in  an  action 
brought  in  the  same  court,  may  make  an  order  to  be  served  with  the 


318  REPORT  OF  COM^CITTBE  ON 

notice  of  motion,  staying  the  proceedings  of  the  advene  party  to  enforce 
the  award. 

Sec.  14.  Upon  the  granting  of  an  order,  confirming,  modifying  or 
correcting  an  award,  judgment  may  be  entered  in  conformity  therewith 
but  no  exceptions  shall  oe  taken,  but  an  appeal  may  be  taken  from 
such  order  or  judgment  as  hereinafter  set  forth. 

Sec.  15.  The  party  moving  for  an  order  confirming,  modifying  or  cor- 
recting an  award  shall,  at  the  time  such  order  is  filed  with  the  clerk  for 
the  entry  of  judgment  thereon,  also  file  the  following  papers  with  the 
clerk: 

(a)  The  agreement;  the  selection,  or  appointment,  if  any,  of  an 
additional  arbitrator,  or  umpire ;  and  each  written  extension  of  the  time, 
if  any,  within  which  to  make  the  award. 

(b)  The  award. 

(c)  Each  notice,  affidavit  or  other  paper,  used  upon  an  application  to 
confirm,  modify,  or  correct  the  award,  and  a  copy  of  each  order  of  the 
court,  upon  such  an  application. 

The  judgment  may  be  docketed,  as  if,  it  was  rendered  in  an  action. 

Sec.  16.  The  judgment  so  entered  has  the  same  force  and  effect,  in 
all  respects,  as,  and  is  subject  to  all  the  provisions  of  law  relating  to 
a  judgment  in  an  action;  and  it  may  be  enforced,  as  if  it  had  been 
rendered  in  an  action  in  the  court  in  which  it  is  entered. 

Sec.  17.  An  appeal  may  be  taken  from  an  order  vacating  an  award,  or 
from  a  judgment  entered  upon  an  award,  as  from  an  order  or  judgment 
in  an  action. 

Sec.  18.  This  act  may  be  referred  to  as  "  The  United  States  Arbitra- 
tion Act." 

Sec.  19.  All  acts  and  parts  of  acts  inconsistent  with  this  act  are  hereby 
repealed,  and  this  act  shall  take  e£fect  on  and  after  the  first  day  of 
January  next  after  its  enactment ;  but  shall  not  apply  to  contracts  made 
prior  to  the  taking  e£fect  of  this  act. 


APPENDIX  C. 

PROPOSED  UNIFORM  ACT  FOR  COMMERCIAL 

ARBITRATION 

As  Approved  by  thb  Committee  on  Commerce^  Trade  and 

Commercial  Law  of  the  American  Bar 

aj3s00iati0n  (1922) 

AN  ACT 
Concerning  Arbitration  and  Awards. 
Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  General  Assembly  of  the  Statg  of 


1.  A  provision  in  a  written  contract  to  settle  by  arbitration  a  con- 
troversy thereafter  arising  out  of  the  contract  or  the  refusal  to  per- 
form the  whole  or  any  part  thereof  or  an  agreement  in  writing  to  sub- 
mit an  existing  controvert^  to  arbitration  pursuant  to  section  two 
hereof^  shall  be  valid,  enforceable  and  irrevocable,  save  upon  such 
grounds  as  exist  at  law  or  in  equity  for  the  revocation  of  any  contract. 

2.  Save  in  the  case  of  an  infant,  or  a  person  incompetent  to  manage 
his  affairs,  two  or  more  persons  may  agree  in  writing  to  submit,  to  the 


OOMMEROE,  TBADB  AND   GOMKBBCIAL  LAW.  319 

arbitration  of  one  or  more  arbitrators,  any  controversy  existing  between 
them  at.  the  time  of  the  agreement  to  submit  which  arises  out  of  a 
contract,  or  the  refusal  to  perform  the  whole  or  any  part  thereof,  or 
the  violation  of  any  other  obligation.  They  ma^  also  so  agree  that  a 
judgment  of  a  court  of  record,  specified  in  the  wnting,  shall  be  rendered 
upon  the  award,  made  pursuant  to  the  submission.  If  the  court  is  thus 
specified,  th^y  may  also  specify  the  county  in  which  the  judgment  shall 
be  entered.  If  the  writing  does  not  specify  the  county,  the  judgment 
may  be  entered  in  any  county. 

3.  A  party  aggrieved  by  the  failure,  neglect  or  refusal  of  another  to 
perform  under  an  agreement  in  writing  providing  for  arbitration,  may 
petition  the Court,  for  an  order  directing  that  such  arbitra- 
tion proceed  in  the  manner  provided  for  in  such  agreement.  Five  days' 
notice  in  writing  of  such  application  shall  be  served  upon  the  party  in 
default.  Service  thereof  shall  be  made  in  the  manner  provided  by  law 
for  service  of  a  summons.  The  court  shall  hear  tne  parties,  and 
upon  being  satisfied  that  the  making  of  the  agreement  or  the  failure 
to  comply  therewith  is  not  in  issue,  the  court  hearing  such  application, 
shall  make  an  order  directing  the  parties  to  proceed  to  arbitration  in 
accordance  with  the  terms  of  the  agreement.  If  the  making  of  the 
agreement  or  the  default  be  in  issue,  the  court,  or  the  justice  thereof, 
shall  proceed  summarily  to  the  trial  thereof.  If  no  jury  trial  be 
demanded  by  the  party  in  default  the  court  shall  hear  and  determine 
such  issue.  Where  such  an  issue  is  raised,  the  party  alleged  to  be  in 
default  ma:^,  on  or  before  the  return  day  of  the  notice  of  application, 
demand  a  jury  trial  of  such  issue,  and  if  such  demand  be  made,  the 
court  shall  niake  an  order  referring  the  issue  or  issues  to  a  jury 
in  the  manner  provided  by  law  for  referring  to  a  jury  issues  in  an 
equity  action,  or  may  specially  call  a  jui^  for  that  purpose.  If  the  jury 
find  that  no  a^eement  in  writing  providing  for  arbitration  was  made 
or  that  there  is  no  default  in  proceeding  thereunder,  the  proceeding 
shall  be  dismissed.  If  the  jury  find  that  a  written  provision  for  arbitra- 
tion was  made  and  that  there  is  a  default  in  proceeding  thereunder,  the 
court  shall  make  an  order  summarily  directing  the  parties  to  proceed 
with  the  arbitration  in  accordance  with  the  terms  thereof. 

4.  If,  in  the  agreement,  provision  be  made  for  a  method  of  naming 
or  appointing  an  arbitrator  or  arbitrators  or  an  umpire,  sudi  method 
shall  be  followed,  but  if  no  method  be  provided  therein,  or  if  a  method 
be  provided  and  any  party  thereto  shall  fail  to  avail  himself  of  such 
method,  or  for  any  other  reason  there  shall  be  a  lapse  in  the  naming  of 
an  arbitrator  or  arbitrators  or  umpire,  or  in  filling  a  vacancy,  then, 

upon  application  by  either  party  to  the  controversy,  the   

Court  shall  designate  and  appoint  an  arbitrator  or  arbitrators,  or  umpire, 
as  the  case  may  require,  who  shall  act  under  the  said  agreement  with 
the  same  force  and  effect  as  if  he  or  they  had  been  specifically  named 
therein;  and  unless  otherwise  provided,  the  arbitration  shall  be  by  a 
single  arbitrator. 

5.  If  any  suit  or  proceeding  be  brought  upon  any  issue  referable  to 

arbitration  under  an  agreement  in  writing;  the Court,  upon 

being  satisfied  that  the  issue  involved  in  such  suit  or  proceeding  is 
referable  to  arbitration  under  such  an  agreement  in  writing,  shall  stay  the 
trial  of  the  action  until  such  arbitration  has  been  had  in  accordance 
with  the  terms  of  the  agreement;  provided  the  applicant  for  the  stay  is 
not  in  default  in  proceeding  with  such  arbitration. 

6.  Any  application  to  the  court  hereunder  shall  be  made  and  heard 
in  a  summary  way  in  the  manner  provided  by  law  for  the  making  and 
hearing  of  motions,  except  as  otherwise  herein  expressly  provided. 

11 


320  REPORT  OF   OOMMITTBB  ON  • 

7.  The  arbitrators  selected  either  as  prescribed  in  this  act,  or  other- 
wise, or  a  majority  of  them,  may  summon  in  writing  any  person  to 
attend  before  them  or  any  of  them  as  a  witness  and  in  a  proper  case  to 
bring  with  him  or  them  a  book  or  paper.  The  fees  for  such  attendance 
shall  be  the  same  as  the  fees  of  witnesses  before  auditors  or  masters  in 
this  state.  Said  summons  shall  issue  in  the  name  of  the  arbitrator  or 
arbitrators,  or  a  majority  of  them,  and  shall  be  signed  by  the  arbitrators, 
or  a  majority  of  them,  and  shall  be  directed  to  the  said  person  and  shall 
be  served  in  the  same  manner  as  subpoenas  to  testify  before  a  court  of 
record  of  this  state;  if  anv  person  or  persons  so  summoned  to  testify 
shall  refuse  or  neglect  to  obey  said  summons  upon  petition  the  Supreme 
Coiuli  may  compel  the  attendance  of  such  person  or  persons  before  said 
arbitrator  or  arbitrators,  or  punish  said  person  or  persons  for  contempt 
in  the  same  manner  now  provided  for  the  attendance  of  witnesses  or  the 
punishment  of  them  in  the Court  of  ,this  state. 

8.  At  any  time  within  one  year  after  the  award  is  made,  which  award 
must  be  in  writing  and  acknowledged  or  proved  in  like  manner  as  a  deed 
for  the  conveyance  of  real  estate,  and  delivered  to  one  of  the  parties 
or  his  attorney,  any  party  to  the  arbitration  may  apply  to  the  court, 
specified  in  the  agreement,  for  an  order  confirming  the  award;  and 
tnereupon  the  court  must  grant  such  an  order,  unless  the  award  is 
vacated,  modified,  or  corrected,  as  prescribed  in  the  next  two  sections. 
Notice  of  the  motion  must  be  served  upon  the  adverse  party,  or  his 
attomery,  as  prescribed  by  law  for  service  of  notice  of  a  motion  in  an 
action  m  the  same  court. 

0.  In  either  of  the  following  cases,  the  court  may  make  an  order 
vacating  the  award,  upon  the  application  of  any  party  to  the  arbitration : 

(a)  Where  the  award  was  procured  by  corruption,  fraud  or  undue 
means. 

(b)  Where  there  was  evident  partiality  or  corruption  in  the  arbi- 
trators, or  either  of  them. 

(c)  Where  the  arbitrators  were  guilty  of  misconduct,  in  refusing  to 
postpone  the  hearing,  upon  sufiicient  cause  shown,  or  in  refusing  to  hear 
evidence,  pertinent  ancf  material  to  the  controversy;  or  of  any  other 
misbehavior,  by  which  the  rights  of  any  party  have  been  prejudiced. 

(d)  Where  the  arbitrators  exceeded  tneir  powers,  or  so  imperfectly 
executed  them,  that  a  mutual,  final,  and  definite  award,  upon  the  subject 
matter  submitted,  was  not  made. 

Where  an  award  is  vacated  and  the  time,  within  which  the  agreement 
required  the  award  to  be  made,  has  not  expired,  the  court  may  in  its 
discretion  direct  a  rehearing  by  the  arbitrators. 

10.  In  either  of  the  following  cases,  the  court  may  make  an  order 
modifying  or  correcting  the  award,  upon  the  application  of  any  party 
to  the  aroitration : 

(a)  Where  there  was  an  evident  miscalculation  of  figures,  or  an  evident 
mistake  in  the  description  of  any  person,  thing  or  property,  referred 
to  in  the  award. 

(b)  Where  the  arbitrators  have  awarded  upon  a  matter  not  sub- 
mitted to  them,  unless  it  is  a  matter  not  affecting  the  merits  of  the 
decision  upon  the  matters  submitted. 

(c)  Where  the  award  is  imperfect  in  a  matter  of  form,  not  affecting 
the  merits  of  the  controversy. 

The  order  may  modify  and  correct  the  award,  so  as  to  effect  the  intent 
thereof,  and  promote  justice  between  the  parties. 

11.  Notice  of  a  motion  to  vacate,  modify  or  correct  an  award,  must 
be  served  upon  the  adverse  party  or  his  attorney,  within  three  months 
after  the  award  is  filed  or  delivered  as  prescribed  by  law  for  service  of 
notice  of  a  motion  in  an  action.    For  the  purposes  of  the  motion  any 


COMMEROB,  TRADE  AND  OOKICEROIAL  LAW.  321 

judge  who  might  make  an  order  to  stay  the  proceediDgs,  in  an  action 
brought  in  the  same  court,  may  make  an  order  to  be  served  with  the 
notice  of  motion,  staying  the  proceedings  of  the  adverse  party  to  enforce 
the  award. 

12.  Upon  the  granting  of  an  order,  confirming,  modifying  or  correcting 
an  award,  judgment  may  be  entered  in  conformity  therewith,  but  no 
exceptions  shall  be  taken,  but  an  appeal  may  be  taken  from  such  order  or 
judgment  as  hereinafter  set  forth. 

13.  The  party  moving  for  an  order  confirming,  modifying  or  correct- 
ing an  award  shall  at  the  time  such  order  is  filed  with  liie  clerk  for  the 
entry  of  judgment  thereon,  also  file  the  following  papers  with  the  clerk : 

(a)  The  agreement;  the  selection  or  appointment,  if  any,  of  an 
additional  arbitrator,  or  umpire;  and  each  written  extension  of  ^e 
time,  if  any,  within  which  to  make  the  award. 

(b)  The  award. 

(c)  Each  notice,  affidavit  or  other  paper,  used  upon  an  application  to 
confirm,  modify,  or  correct  the  award,  and  a  copy  of  each  order  of  the 
court,  upon  such  an  application. 

The  judgment  may  be  docketed,  as  if  it  was  rendered  in  an  action. 

14.  The  judgment  so  entered  has  the  same  force  and  effect,  in  all 
respects,  as,  and  is  subject  to  all  the  provisions  of  law  relating  to,  a 
judgment  in  an  action;  and  it  may  be  enforced,  as  if  it  had  been 
rendered  in  an  action  in  the  court  in  which  it  is  entered. 

15.  An  appeal  may  be  taken  from  an  order  vacating  an  award,  or 
from  a  judgment  entered  upon  an  award,  as  from  an  order  or  judgment 
in  an  action. 

16.  This  act  may  be  cited  as  "  The  State  Arbitration  Act." 

17.  All  acts  and  parts  of  acts  inconsistent  with  this  act  are  hereby 
repealed,  and  this  act  shall  take  effect  on  and  after  the  first  day  of 
July  next  after  its  enactment;  but  shall  not  apply  to  contracts  made 
prior  to  the  taking  effect  of  this  act. 


APPENDIX  D. 

REVISED  DRAFT  OF  TREATY  FOR  COMMERCIAL 

ARBITRATION 

As  Afprovbd  by  Committeb  on  Commerce,  Trade  and. 
C0MME901AL  Law  of  the  American  Bar 
Association  (1922) 

The  government  of  the  United  States  of  America  and  the  govern- 
ment of  being  desirous  of  facilitating  com- 
merce and  trade  between  the  two  nations  by  validating  and  making 
enforceable  agreements  for  arbitration  of  commercial  disputes  between 
the  citizens  or  subjects  of  each  of  the  high  contracting  parties,  have 
authorized  the  undersigned,  to  wit,  Herbert  Hoover,  Secretary  of  Com- 
merce of  the  United  States,  and  to  conclude 

the  following  agreement: 

ARTICLE  I. 

A  provision  in  a  written  contract  between  the  citizens,  subjects,  or 
residents  of  each  of  the  high  contracting  parties  to  settle  by  arbitration  a 


322  OOMKBRCB,   TRADE  AND  OOMMEROIAL  LAW. 

controversy  thereafter  arisinK  or  an  agreement  in  writing  to  submit  to 
arbitration  an  existing  controversy  between  such  citizens,  subjects,  or 
residents  shall  be  valid,  enforceable  and  irrevocable,  save  only  upon  such 
grounds  as  exist  at  law  or  in  equity  for  the  revocation  of  any  contract, 
and  shall  be  so  treated  by  the  courts  of  the  high  contracting  parties. 

ARTICLE  n. 

The  awards  of  any  referee,  board  or  tribunal  of  arbitration  duly  and 
regularly  made  within  the  territory  and  possessions  of  eith^  of  the  high 
contracting  parties  shall  be  entitled  in  all  the  courts  of  the  other  high 
contracting  party  to  full  faith  and  credit;  and  shall  not  be  open  to 
attack  save  upon  the  ground  of  fraud,  bad  faith,  misbehavior  or  mis- 
conduct on  the  part  of  the  referee,  board  or  tribunal  making  the  award, 
including  failure  to  receive  evidence  by  which  the  rights  of  any  party  to 
the  arbitration  have  been  seriously  prejudiced;  and  shall  not  be  open  to 
modification  except  where  there  was  an  evident  miscalculation  or  mis- 
take in  description  in  the  award. 

ARTICLE  III. 

The  high  contracting  parties  will  confer  suitable  jurisdiction  upon 
their  courts,  respectively,  to  furnish  adequate  and  appropriate  relief  in 
the  enforcement  of  arbitration  agreements  and  awards  and  will  estab* 
lish  appropriate  methods  and  machinery  for  the  performance  of  such 
agreements  and  the  enforcement  of  such  awards. 

ARTICLE  IV. 

The  citizens,  subjects  or  residents,  of  each  of  the  high  contracting 
parties  shall  enjoy  in  the  territories  and  possessions  of  the  other  the  same 
protection  as  native  citizens,  subjects,  or  residents  of  the  nation  most 
favored  in  respect  of  the  validity,  irrevocability  and  enforceability  of 
arbitration  agreements,  submissions  and  awards. 

ARTICLE  V. 

The  present  agreement  shall  be  ratified  by  the  President  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  8enate 

thereof,  and  by  v  • .  ^^^  ^*  ^^^^  become 

effective  upon  the  date  of  the  exchange  of  ratifications,  which  shall  take 
place  at  Washington  as  soon  as  possible. 

Done  in  duplicate  in  the  English  and   .« languages,  at 

Washington  this day  of one  thousand  nine  hundred 

and  twenty-two. 


REPORT 

or  THB 

COMMITTEE  ON  INTERNATIONAL  LAW. 

To  the  American  Bar  Association: 

The  members  of  the  Standing .  Committee  on  International 
Law  recognize  that  the  scope  of  their  report  is  limited  by  two 
circumstances :  firsts  that  it  is  a  committee  of  a  Bar  Association 
and  that  its  report  should  be  confined  to  questions  of  law; 
second,  that  the  Bar  Association  is  an  American  body  and  that 
the  report  should  therefore  deal  with  questions  primarily  affect- 
ing the  United  States.  It  cannot  be  limited  to  matters  which 
exclusively  concern  our  country,  for  although  international 
law  is  an  integral  part  of  the  law  of  the  United  States^  it  is 
ex  vi  termini  the  law  between  States  and  only  comes  into  play 
in  questions  affecting  States,  their  citizens  or  subjects.  The 
report  of  your  committee  must  inevitably  deal  with  matters 
affecting  foreign  nations,  but  only  those  questions  of  the  past 
year  will  be  considered  whidi  involve  the  United  States.  And 
of  these  only  the  most  important  will  be  discussed. 

They  are  in  the  judgment  of  your  committee  four  in  number : 
(1)  the  election  of  the  judges  of  the  Permanent  Court  of  Inter- 
national Justice;  (2)  the  treaties  with  Germany,  Austria  and 
Hungary  ending  the  war  of  the  United  States  with  those  Coun- 
tries; (3)  the  Washington  Conference  on  the  Limitation  of 
Armament;  Pacific  and  Far  Eastern  Questions;  (4)  the  Wash- 
ington Conference  on  the  drawn  out  dispute  between  the  sister 
American  Bepublics  of  Chile  and  Peru  on  the  ownership  of  the 
provinces  of  Tacna  and  Arica.  Each  of  these  questions  will  be 
considered — ^the  first  briefly,  the  second  and  third  at  some 
length,  the  fourth  briefly,  as  our  interest  in  the  matter  of  Tacna 
and  Arica  is  that  of  a  neighbor  rather  than  that  of  a  participant. 

I.  The  Permanent  Couet  of  International  Justice. 

Into  the  history  of  this  noble  institution  this  report  cannot 
enter.  SuflSce  it  to  say  that  it  owes  its  origin  to  a  past  president 
of  this  Association,  the  Honorable  Elihu  Boot,  who,  as  Secretary 
of  State  of  the  United  States,  instructed  the  American  delega- 
tion to  the  Second  Peace  Conference  assembled  at  The  Hague 
in  1907,  to  lay  before  that  international  gathering,  in  which 
forty-four  sovereign  States  were  represented,  a  proposal  to  form 

(323) 


324  REFOBT  OF  OOMMITTBB  ON 

an  international  court  of  justice  modeled  upon  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States.  The  proposal  was  made  by  Joseph 
H.  Ghoate,  a  past  president^  and  by  another  member  of  uie 
Association^  resulting  in  the  adoption  of  a  draft  convention 
which,  with  simdry  modifications  and  additions  forms  the  so- 
called  statute  of  the  present  Permanent  Court  adopted  by  the 
Assembly  of  the  League  of  Nations  on  December  13,  1920.  The 
judges  and  deputy  judges  of  this  august  tribunal,  respectively 
eleven  and  four  in  number,  were  elected  by  the  Council  and 
Assembly  of  the  League  on  September  6  and  7,  1921.  They  met 
informally  at  The  Hague  on  February  15,  1922,  elected  a  pres- 
ident, vice-president  and  registrar,  and  took  up  the  drafting  of 
rules  of  practice  and  procedure.  The  court  will  appropriately 
hold  its  first  formal  session  on  June  15th,  in  the  Peace  Palace 
of' The  Hague,  the  gift  of  Andrew  Carnegie,  a  citizen  of  the 
United  States,  for  the  court  is  due  to  American  initiative,  Amer- 
i'can  persistence,  American  ingenuity.  And  in  this  court  an 
American  sits,  appropriately  and  of  right. 

It  is  not  within  the  scope  of  this  report  to  describe  the  meeting 
of  the  Committee  of  Jurists  at  The  Hague  in  1920  which  drafted 
the  project  of  the  International  Court  containing  the  method  of 
appointing  the  judges  prepared  by  Mr.  Root,  and  a  provision 
vesting  the  court  with  limited  but  obligatory  jurisdiction,  within 
which  State  may  sue  State  and,  in  its  absence,  duly  invited,  obtain 
judgment  upon  the  facts  as  proved  and  the  law  applicable.  The 
project  wais  mutilated  by  the  Coimcil  and  Assembly  by  striking 
out  the  articles  on  jurisdiction,  so  that  its  jurisdiction  depends 
solely  on  the  will  of  the  litigating  parties,  the  resort  to  the 
court  is  by  the  agreement  of  both  of  the  parties,  not  upon  the 
initiative  of  one,  as  in  the  case  with  courts.  The  method  of 
selecting  the  judges  was  retained  and  it  is  due  to  this  method 
that  the  judges  have  been  chosen  and  the  court  constituted. 

As  the  judges  were  elected  since  the  last  meeting  of  the  Bar 
Association,  it  is  proper  to  dwell  for  a  moment  upon  the  method 
of  election.* 

The  Permanent  Court  of  International  Justice  shall  be  composed  of 
a  body  of  independent  judges,  elected  regardless  of  their  nationality 
from  amongst  persons  of  high  moral  character,  who  possess  the  qiialifica- 
tions  required  in  their  respective  countries  for  appointment  to  the  hijshest 
judicial  offices,  or  are  jurisconsults  of  recognised  competence  in  mter- 
national  law.    [Article  2.] 

The  Court  shall  consist  of  fifteen  members:  .eleven  judges  and  four 
deputy-judges.  The  number  of  judges  and  deputy-judges  may  here- 
after be  increased  by  the  Assembly,  upon  the  proposal  of  the  Council 
of  the  League  of  Nations,  to  a  total  of  fifteen  judges  and  six  deputy- 
judges.    [Article  3.] 


^  Statute  for  the  Permanent  Court  of  International  Justice. 


INTKRNATIONAL  LAW.  325 

The  memben  of  the  Court  shall  be  elected  by  the  Aasembly  and  by 
the  Council  from  a  list  of  persona  nominated  by  the  national  groups  in 
the  Court  of  Arbitration,  m  accordance  with  the  following  provisions. 
....  [Article  4.] 

At  least  three  months  before  the  date  of  the  election,  the  Seoretanr- 
General  of  the  League  of  Nations  shall  address  a  written  request  to  tne 
Members  of  the  Court  of  Arbitration  ....  inviting  them  to  undertake, 
within  a  given  time,  by  national  groups,  the  nomination  of  persons  in  a 
position  to  accept  the  duties  of  a  member  of  the  Court. 

No  group  may  nominate  more  than  four  persons,  not  more  than  two 
of  whom  shall  be  of  their  own  nationality.  In  no  ease  must  the  num- 
ber of  candidates  nominated  be  more  than  double  the  number  of  seats 
to  be  filled.    [Article  5.] 

Before  making  these  nominations,  each  national  group  is  recom- 
mended to  consult  its  Highest  Court  of  Justice,  its  Le^al  Faculties  and 
Schools  of  Law,  and  its  National  Academies  and  national  sections  of 
International  Academies  devoted  to  the  study  of  law.    [Article  6.] 

The  Secretary-General  of  the  League  of  Nations  shall  prepare  a  list 
in  alphabetical  order  of  all  the  persons  thus  nominated.  Save  as  pro- 
vided in  Article  12,  paragraph  2,  these  shall  be  the  only  penonB  eligible 
for  appointment. 

The  Secretary-General  shall  submit  this  list  to  the  Assembly  and  to 
the  Council.    [Article  7.] 

The  Assembly  and  the  Council  shall  proceed  independently  of  one 
another  to  elect,  firstly  the  judges,  then  tne  deputy-judges.    [Article  8.] 

At  every  election,  the  electors  shall  bear  in  mind  that  not  on^  should 
all  the  perB(»8  appointed  as  members  of  the  Court  possess  the  qualifica- 
tions required,  but  the  whole  body  also  should  represent  the  mam  forms 
of  civilization  and  the  principal  legal  ^stems  of  the  world.    [Article  0.] 

Those  candidates  who  obtain  an  absolute  majority  of  votes  in  tiie 
Assembly  and  in  the  Council  shall  be  considered  as  elected. 

In  the  event  of  more  than  one  national  of  the  same  Member  o{  the 
League  being  elected  by  the  votes  of  both  the  Assembly  and  the 
Council,  the  eldest  of  these  only  dutU  be  considered  as  elected. 
[Article  10.] 

If,  after  the  first  meeting  held  for  the  purpose  of  the  election,  one  or 
more  seats  remain  to  be  filled,  a  second  and,  if  necenaiy,  a  third  meeting 
shall  take  place.    [Article  11.] 

If,  after  the  third  meeting,  one  or  more  seats  still  remain  unfilled,  a 
joint  conference  consisting  of  six  members,  three  appointed  by  the 
Assembly,  and  three  by  the  Council,  may  be  formed,  at  any  time,  at 
the  request  of  either  the  Assembly  or  the  Council,  for  the  purpose  of 
choosing  one  name  for  each  seat  still  vacant,  to  submit  to  the  Assembly 
and  the  Council  for  their  re^ective  acceptance. 

If  the  Conference  is  imanimously  agreed  upon  any  person  who  fulfills 
the  required  conditions,  he  may  be  included  in  its  list,  even  though  he 
was  not  included  in  the  list  of  nominations  referred  to  in  Articles  4  and  5, 

If  the  joint  conference  is  satisfied  that  it  wiU  not  be  suciMSsaful  in  pro- 
curing an  election,  those  members  of  the  Court  who  have  already  been 
appointed  shall,  within  a  period  to  be  fixed  by  the  Coundl,  proceed  to 
fill  the  vacant  seats  by  selection  from  amongst  those  candidates  who 
have  obtained  votes  either  in  the  Assembly  or  in  the  CounciL 

In  the  event  of  an  equality  of  votes  amongst  the  judges,  the  eldest 
judge  shall  have  a  casting  vote.    [Article  12.] 

The  members  of  the  Court  shall  be  elected  for  nine  years. 

Th^r  may  be  re-elected. 


3^6  REPORT  OP  COMMITTEE  ON 

They  shall  continue  to  discharge  their  duties  until  their  places  have 
been  filled.  Though  replaced,  they  shall  finii^  any  cases  which  they  may 
have  begun.    [Article  13.] 

Vacancies  which  may  occur  shall  be  filled  by  the  same  method  as  that 
laid  down  ior  the  first  election.  A  member  of  the  Court  elected  to 
replace  a  member  whose  period  of  appointment  had  not  expired  will 
hold  the  appointment  for  the  remainder  of  his  predecessor's  term. 
[Article  14.] 

Deputy-judges  shall  be  called  upon  to  sit  in  the  order  laid  down  in  a 
Ust. 

This  list  shall  be  prepared  by  the  Court  and  shall  have  regard  firstly 
to  priority  of  election  and  secondly  to  age.    [Article  15.] 

The  special  chambers  provided  for  in  Articles  26  and  27  may,  with 
the  consent  of  the  parties  to  the  dispute,  sit  elsewhere  than  at  The 
Hague.    [Article  28.] 

The  council  consists  of  nine  members,  the  representatives  of 
the  large  powers  five  in  number  (four  in  fac^  owing  to  the 
refusal  of  the  United  States  to  ratify  the  Covenant  of  the 
Hieague  of  Nations),  and  four  members  elected  annually  by  the 
Assembly.  These  large  powers  preponderate  in  fact  if  not  neces- 
sarily in  theory.  In  the  Assembly,  in  which  each  member  of  the 
league  is  entitled  to  equal  representation,  the  small  nations  pre- 
ponderate. The  respective  interests  of  the  great  and  small  States 
are  thus  sought  to  be  safeguarded;  the  preponderance  of  the 
small  powers  in  the  Assembly  being  a  check  upon  the  abuse  of 
power  by  the  large  powers  in  the  council,  and  the  preponderance 
of  the  large  powers  in  the  council  being  a  check  upon  the  abuse 
of  power  by  the  small  States  in  the  Assembly. 

T^e  proposal  of  names  of  persons  by  the  members  of  the 
Permanent  Court  of  Arbitration  in  each  of  the  countries  belong- 
ing to  the  league  secures  the  recommendation  or  at  least  the 
possibility  of  such  a  recommendation  of  names  to  the  council 
and  Assembly  without  the  intervention  of  States  in  first  instance, 
reserving  the  jwlitical  intervention  of  States  for  the  election, 
which  is  and  muist  be  a  political  act. 

In  case  the  council  and  Assembly  should  fail  to  agree  a  con- 
ference committee  consisting  of  an  equal  number  of  the  council 
and  Assembly  meets  to  elect,  choosing  from  the  list  of  recom- 
mended names,  unless  the  committee  imanimously  agrees  upon 
a  person  not  included  in  the  list.  If  the  committee  fails  to  elect, 
then  the  members  of  the  court  already  chosen  select  the  remain- 
ing judge  or  judges  from  the  list  of  persons  whose  names  have 
been  voted  upon  by  the  council  or  Assembly,  and  in  case  of  a  tie 
the  eldest  judge  decides. 

In  one  instance,  at  the  first  election,  the  council  and  Assembly 
failed  to  agree  upon  a  deputy-judge.  The  Conference  Committee 
was  called  into  being  and  selected  a  third  person  from  among 
the  list  of  persons  already  voted  for. 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  principle  of  selection  is  American, 
indeed  Mr.  Root  stated  that  it  was  taken  from  the  Federal 


INTKBNATIONAL  LAW.  327 

Canvention  of  1787,  and  the  method  of  selection  by  the  Con- 
ference Committee  is  that  of  the  Senate  and  Honse  of  Repre- 
sentatives of  the  United  States,  agreeing  under  the  pressure  of 
public  opinion. 

But  there  are  two  further  traces  of  American  authorship,  one 
requiring  the  principal  legal  systems  of  the  world  to  be  con- 
sidered, so  that  the  court  should  be  an  understanding  court;  the 
other  permitting  the  appointment  of  judge  by  a  party  to  litiga- 
tion which  is  not  represented  in  the  permanent  panel  of  judges, 
thus  securing  and  maintaining  equality  at  the  very  moment  of 
interest  to  the  parties  in  litigation. 

The  elimination  of  the  provisions  on  jurisdiction  has  con- 
verted the  court  into  a.  board  of  arbitration  with  a  permanent 
personnel. 

The  importance  of  these  provisions  justifies  their  repro- 
duction :  * 

When  a  dispute  has  anaen  between  States,  and  it  has  been  found  im- 
possible to  settle  it  by  diplomatic  means,  and  no  Agreement  has.  been 
made  to  choose  another  jurisdiction,  the  partjyr  complaining  may  bring 
the  case  before  the  Court.  The  Court  shall,  nrst  of  all,  decide  whether 
the  preceding  conditions  have  been  complied  with;  if  so,  it  shall  hear 
and  determine  the  dispute  according  to  the  terms  and  within  jthe  limits 
of  the  next  Article.    [Article  33.] 

Between  States  which  are  Members  of  the  League  of  Nations,  the 
Court  shall  have  jurisdiction  (and  this  without  any  special  convention 
giving  it  jurisdiction)  to  hear  and  det  rmine  cases  of  a  legal  nature, 
concerning: 

(a)  The  interpretation  of  a  treaty : 

(b)  Any  question  of  international  i  iw; 

(c)  The  existence  of  any  fact  wh:  h,  if  established,  would  con- 
stitute a  breach  of  an  international  ol  Igation; 

(d)  The  nature  or  extent  of  reparation  to  be  made  for  the  breach 
of  an  international  obligation; 

(e)  The  interpretation  of  a  sentence  passed  by  the  Court. 

The  Court  shall  also  take  cognizance  of  all  disputes  of  any  kind  which 
may  be  submitted  to  it  by  a  general  or  particular  convention  between 
the  parties. 

In  the  event  of  a  dispute  as  to  whether  a  certain  case  comes  within 
any  of  the  categories  above  mentioned,  the  matter  shall  be  settled  by 
the  decision  of  the  Court.    [Article  34.] 

The  Court  shall,  within  the  limits  of  its  jurisdiction  as  defined  in 
Article  34,  apply  in  the  following  order: 

(1)  International  conventions,  whether  eeneral  or  particular,  es- 
tablishing rules  expressly  recognized  by  the  oontestii^^  States; 

(2)  International  custom,  as  evidence  of  a  general  practice,  which 
is  accepted  as  law; 

(3)  The  ^neral  principles  of  law  recognized  by  civilized  nations; 

(4)  Judicial  decisions  and  the  teachings  of  the  most  highly  quaU- 
fied  publicists  of  the  various  natioxis,  as  subsidiary  means  for  the 
determination  of  rules  of  law.    [Article  35.] 


The  Project  of  a  Permanent  Court  of  International  Justice  and  Reso- 
hUionM  of  the  AdvUcry  Committee  of  Jurists,  by  James  Brown  Scott 
1020. 


328  EEPOBT  OP  COMMITTBB  ON 

Whenever  one  of  the  parties  shall  not  appear  before  the  Court,  or 
shall  fail  to  defend  his  case,  the  other  party  may  call  upon  the  Court  to 
decide  in  favor  of  his  claim. 

The  Court  must,  before  doing  so,  satisfy  itself,  not  only  that  it  has 
jurisdiction  in  accordance  with  Articles  33  and  34,  but  also  that  the 
claim  is  supported  by  substantial  evidence  and  well  founded  in  fact 
and  law.    [Article  52.] 

Your  cammittee  is  of  opinion  that  these  provisions  should  be 
restored  so  that  a  war  weary  world  should  have  two  institutions 
— the  so-called  Permanent  Court  of  Arbitration  at  The  Hague, 
in  which  to  compromise  their  disputes  by  judges  of  their  own 
choice,  appointed  after  the  ^controversy  has  arisen;  the  Per- 
manent Court  of  International  Justice,  to  decide  their  disputes 
according  to  known  rules  of  law  by  judges  appointed  in  advance 
of  litigation. 

Your  committee  expresses  the  hope  that  the  United  States,  one 
of  whose  most  illustrious  jurists  lends  weight  and  dignity  to  the 
court,  may  find  a  way  to  make  use  of  the  court  and  participate 
in  its  labors,  which  the  Government  of  the  United  States  can  do 
without  becoming  party  to  the  League  of  Nations  as  such. 

Your  committee  ventures  these  suggestions  without  expressing 
an  opinion  in  favor  of  or  opposed  to  the  present  League  of 
Nations. 

II.  Trbatibs  of  Peace  Ending  thb  Wobld  Wab. 

The  peace  treaties  raise  the  question  of  the  treaty-making 
power  and  more  especially  the  branches  of  the  Qovemment  of 
the  Union  through  which  and  by  which  peace  may  be  made.  On 
one  point  there  is  no  doubt,  the  exercise  of  the  treaty  making 
power  is  by  the  Constitution  of  these  United  States  vested  in 
the  executive  branch  of  the  government  of  the  union  which  alone 
possesses  the  power  of  negotiation,  and  in  that  branch  of  the  legis- 
lative department  known  as  the  Senate,  without  whose  advice 
and  consent  no  treaty  or  bilateral  act  having  the  force  of  a  treaty 
can  bind  the  government  of  the  union,  the  states  of  the  union 
and  the  people  of  the  states  in  their  individual  and  united 
capacity.  A  treaty  of  peace  therefore  is  made  by  the  president, 
and  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds  of  the  senators  present  in  the 
Senate  at  the  time  of  voting. 

So  much  for  a  treaty.  The  question  arises,  and  it  arose  before 
and  after  the  last  meeting  of  the  Association,  whether  peace  may 
be  made  and  war  ended  by  the  United  States  in  any  other  way. 
The  majority  of  the  House  and  of  the  Senate  insisted  that  peace 
should  be  made  by  a  joint  resolution  of  these  two  bodies,  and 
passed  a  joint  resolution  to  that  effect,  a  view  which  did  not  find 
favor  with  the  late  president,  who  vetoed  a  joint  resolution  on 
May  27,  1920,  intended  to  repeal  the  joint  resolutions  '*  declar- 


INTERNATIONAL  LAW.  329 

ing  a  state  of  war  to  exist  between  the  IThited  States  and  Ger- 
many^ and  between  the  United  States  and  the  Austro-Hxingarian 
government,  and  to  declare  a  state  of  peace/' 

The  joint  resolution  of  April  6,  1917,  provided  "That  the 
state  of  war  between  the  United  States  and  the  Imperial  Ger- 
man Government  which  has  thus  been  thrust  upon  the  United 
States  is  hereby  formally  declared/' 

An  armistice  was  granted  to  Germany  at  its  request,  and  was 
signed  by  representatives  of  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers 
on  November  11,  1918,  stopping  hostilities,  but  not  ending  the 
war. 

The  late  President  of  the  United  States  and  four  commis- 
sioners attended  the  Peace  Conference  of  Paris,  held  in  Paris 
during  the  course  of  1919,  affixed  their  signatures  on  June  28, 

1919,  in  the  Palais  of  Versailles  to  a  trealy  of  peace  which  was 
intended  to  end  the  war  as  soon  as  three  of  the  principal  allied 
and  associated  powers  had  deposited  their  ratifications  thereof 
with  the  French  (Jovemment.    This  was  done  on  January  10, 

1920,  and  war  with  Germany  ended  for  each  nation  upon  its 
deposit  of  ratifications.  The  treaty  of  Versailles  did  not  meet 
with  the  favor  of  the  Senate  of  the  United  States,  before  which 
body  it  was  duly  laid  by  the  late  President.  On  two  occasions, 
the  first  on  November  19,  1920,  the  second  on  March  19,  1921, 
two-thirds  of  the  senators  present  failed  to  concur. 

The  declaration  of  a  state  of  war  on  April  6,  1917,  was  a 
unilateral  atet  of  the  United  States,  and  the  declaration  could  be 
repealed  by  a  unilateral  act  of  a  later  date,  and  as  the  act  was  in 
this  case  a  joint  resolution,  it  could  be  repealed  as  far  as  the 
Government  of  the  United  States  was  concerned  by  a  subsequent 
joint  resolution.  Whether  it  should  be  done  or  not  was  for  the 
Congress  to  determine  in  first,  and  the  president  for  the  time 
being  in  the  second  instance.  The  then  president  vetoed  it  as 
he  had  the  constitutional  right  to  do. 

The  joint  resolution  as  a  unilateral  act  could  only  affect  the 
United  States.  It  could  not  have  the  effect  of  a  treaty,  for  a 
treaty,  in  whatever  form,  is  an  agreement,  an  act  between 
two  or  more  nations.  The  joint  resolution  would  only  repeal 
the  state  of  war  as  far  as  the  American  (Jovernment  was  con- 
cerned, and  Germany  would  not  be  affected  by  any  of  its  pro- 
visions. If  Germany  passed  a  declaration  in  identical  terms,  it 
would  only  be  an  act  of  uniform  legislation  as  far  as  Germany 
was  concerned.  It  could  be  repealed  by  Germany  at  any  time. 
Doubtless  it  would  be  wise  to  include  in  the  repealing  resolution 
an  enumeration  of  the  rights  which  this  country  intended  to 
secure  from  Germany.  This  the  Congress  did.  But  it  was  only  a 
repeal  of  a  joint  resolution  and  only  an  express  declaration  of 


330  REPOET  OF   COMMITTEE  ON 

intent  on  the  part  of  the  United  States  in  regard  to  rights 
against  Germany.  If  Germany  had  taken  similar  action,  which 
it  did  not,  it  would  only  have  ended  the  state  of  war  as  far  as 
Germany  was  concerned,  supposing  that  there  had  been  an 
antecedent  declaration  or  act;  and  if  the  German  act  had  in- 
cluded the  same  enumeration  of  rights  claimed  by  the  "United 
States,  the  German  Government  could  have  repealed  the  ad 
and  claims  at  any  subsequent  date.  This  is  of  course  predicated 
on  the  supposition  that  Germany  was  a  frefe  agent,  which  it  was 
not,  for  its  assets  have  been  mortgaged  to  the  Allied  and^  Asso- 
ciated Powers  by  the  Treaty  of  Versailles,  and  any  action  of 
Germany  would  have  to  be  with  the  consent  of  these  Powers,  in 
so  far  as  it  was  inconsistent  with  this  treaty. 

This  was  apparent  to  the  present  president,  and  his  advisers, 
for  in  his  first  address  to  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  in 
April  12, 1921,  he  said : 

To  establish  a  state  of  technical  peace  without  further  delay,  I  should 
approve  a  declaratory  resolution  of  Congress  to  that  effect,  with  the 
qualifications  essential  to  protect  all  our  rights. 

He  was,  however,  careful  to  add  that 

such  a  resolution  should  undertake  to  do  no  more  than  thus  declare  the 
state  of  peace  which  all  America  craves. 

That  is  to  say,  the  proposed  joint  resolution  should  repeal  the 
declaration  of  the  state  of  war  of  April  6,  1917,  and  contain  the 
rights  to  be  secured  from  Germany  by  negotiation. 

This  the  Congress  did  by  a  joint  resolution  terminating  the 
state  of  war  between  the  Imperial  German  Government  and  the 
United  States  of  America,  and  between  the  Imperial  and  Hoyal 
Austro-Hungarian  Governnjent  and  the  United  States  of  Amer- 
ica, approved  by  the  present  president  on  July  2,  1921. 

The  declaration  of  a  state  of  war  was  thus  repealed  and  the 
administration  was  free  to  secure  by  negotiation  the  rights 
enumerated  in  the  joint  resolution.  Here  a  difficulty  presented 
itself  because  Germany  could  not  grant  part  of  the  rights — all 
of  which  had  been  granted  to  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers. 
A  little  reflection  showed  the  way  out.  The  framers  of  the 
Treaty  of  Versailles  were  familiar  with  this  view  as  the  repre- 
sentative of  the  United  States  in  the  committee  which  drafted 
the  Treaty  of  Versailles  had  repeatedly  stated  during  its  drafting 
to  the  representatives  of  the  other  Powers,  that  the  United 
States  would  under  the  treaty  take  its  share  of  all  the  privileges 
granted  by  Germany  to  the  principal  Allied  and  Associated 
Powers,  of  which  the  United  States  was  specified  as  one  in  the 
preamble  of  the  treaty,  without  ratifying  it;  that  the  United 
States  would  not  be  bound  by  any  of  the  duties  or  obligations 


INTJBRNATIONAIi  LAW.  331 

of  the  treaty  without  assuming  them  by  ratification  of  the  treaty, 
just  as  the  President  of  the  United  States  cTould  call  the  meeting 
of  the  League  of  Nations  as  he  was  authorized  to  do  by  the 
Covenant,  without  the  ratification  of  that  instrument  by  the 
United  States,  and  just  as  Gustave  Ador  of  Switzerland  could 
act  as  arbitrator  in  certain  cases  specified  in  the  treaty,  although 
Switzerland  was  not  and  Gustave  Ador  as  a  citizen  of  that 
country  could  not  be  a  party  to  the  treaty. 

Upon  this  theory  the  administration  claimed  grants  of  ad- 
vantage to  the  United  States  and  its  citizens,  eliminating  grants 
which  it  did  not  care  to  receive,  and  rejected  the  duties  and 
obligations  which  the  administration  did  not  care  to  assume. 

The  first  were  looked  upon  as  grants  from  Germany  to  the 
United  States  as  an  Associated  Power  made  by  Germany  under 
pressure  of  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers,  of  which  the 
United  States  was  one.  They  were  gifts  that  only  needed  to 
be  claimed.  The  duties  or  obligations  specifically  enumerated 
in  the  treaty  could  only  become  effective  by  action  of  the  United 
States,  as  the  United  States  alone  could  bind  itself  to  take  a 
particular  course  of  action.  Naturally  the  United  States,  as  one 
of  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  could  only  take  the  grants 
in  the  form  in  which  they  were  granted  to  the  principal  Allied 
and  Associated  Powers,  as  they  were  one  and  the  same  to  each. 
The  same  is  to  be  said  of  the  treaty  of  St.  Germain-en -Lay  e  of 
September  10,  1919,  with  Austria,  and  the  treaty  of  the  Trianon, 
with  Hungary,  signed  on  June  4,  1920.  Therefore,  the  treaty  of 
August  25  1921,  between  the  United  States  and  Germany,  the 
treaty  of  August  24, 1921,  with  Austria,  and  the  treaty  of  August 
29, 1921,  with  Hungary,  included  the  statement  of  rights  claimed 
by  the  United  States  in  the  joint  resolution  of  July  2,  1921, 
which  were  specifically  accepted  by  each  of  the  three  contracting 
powers;  the  portions  of  the  treaties  of  Versailles,  St.  Germain 
and  the  Trianon,  of  which  the  United  States  accepted  the 
benefits ;  a  statement  that  the  United  States  received  these  rights 
as  they  were  granted  to  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers ;  a  non- 
acceptance  of  parts  of  the  treaties,  and  a  repudiation  of  the 
duties  and  obligations  contained  in  the  portions  of  the  treaties 
^  which  the  administration  expressly  repudiated.  Only  the  parts 
*  of  the  Treaty  of  Versailles  which  were  accepted  by  the  United 
States  in  its  Treaty  with  Germany  need  be  set  forth  as  those  of 
the  treaties  with  Austria  and  Hungary  are  similar : 

Germany  undertakes  to  accord  to  the  United  States,  and  the  United 
States  shall  have  and  enjoy,  all  the  rights,  privileges,  inaemnities,  repara- 
tions or  advantages  specified  in  the  aforesaid  Joint  Resolution  of  the 
Congress  of  the  United  States  of  July  2,  1921,  including  all  the  rights 
and  advantages  stipulated  for  the  benefit  of  the  United  States  in  the 
Treaty  of  Versailles  which  the  United  States  dbaU  fully  enjoy  notwith- 


332  REPORT  OF   COMMITTBB  ON 

Standing  the  fact  that  such  Treaty  has  not  been  ratified  by  the  United 
States.    [Artide  I.] 

With  a  view  to  defining  more  particularly  the  obligations  of  Germany 
under  the  foregoing  Article  with  respect  to  certain  provisions  in  the 
Treaty  of  Versailles,  it  is  understood  and  agreed  between  the  High 
Contracting  Parties; 

(1)  That  the  rights  and  advantages  stipulated  in  that  Treaty  for  the 
benefit  of  the  United  States,  which  it  is  intended  the  United  States  shall 
have  and  enjoy,  are  those  defined  in  Section  1,  of  Part  IV,  and  Parts  V, 
VI,  Vm,  IX,  X,  XI,  XII,  XIV,  and  XV. 

The  United  States  in  availing  itself  of  the  rights  and  advantages 
stipulated  in  the  provisions  of  that  Treaty  mentioned  in  this  paragraph 
will  do  so  in  a  manner  consistent  with  the  rights  accorded  to  Germany 
imder  such  provisions. 

(2)  That  the  United  States  shall  not  be  bound  by  the  provisions  of 
Part  I  of  that  Treaty,  nor  bv  anv  provisions  of  that  Treaty  including 
those  mentioned  in  paragraph  (1)  of  this  Article,  which  relate  to  the 
Covenant  of  the  League  of  Nations,  nor  shaU  the  United  States  be 
bound  by  any  action  taken  by  the  League  of  Nations,  or  bv  the  Council 
or  by  the  Assembly  thereof,  unless  the  United  States  shall  expressly 
give  its  assent  to  such  action. 

(3)  That  the  United  States  assumes  no  obligations  under  or  with 
respect  to  the  provisions  of  Part  11,  Part  III,  Sections  2  to  8  inclusive 
of  Part  IV,  and  Part  XIII  of  that  Treaty. 

(4)  That,  while  the  United  States  is  privileged  to  participate  in  the 
Reparation  Commission,  according  to  tfie  terms  of  Part  VIII  of  that 
Treaty,  and  in  any  other  Commission  established  under  the  Treaty  or 
under  any  a^eement  supplemental  thereto,  the  United  States  is  not 
bound  to  participate  in  any  such  commission  unlesB  it  shall  elect  to  do  so. 

(5)  That  the  periods  of  time  to  which  reference  is  made  in  Article  440 
of  the  Treaty  of  Versailles  shall  run.  with  respect  to  any  act  or  election 
on  the  part  of  the  United  States,  from  the  date  of  the  coming  into 
force  of  the  present  Treaty.    [Article  II.] 

The  skillful  diplomacy  of  the  Honorable  Charles  Evans 
Hughes,  Secretary  of  State  of  the  United  States,  has  caused  this 
view  of  the  rights  of  the  United  States  under  the  treaties  of 
Versailles,  St.  Germain-en-Laye  ani  the  Trianon  to  prevail  with 
Germany,  Austria  and  Hungary,  and  to  be  accepted  by  the  other 
parties  to  the  treaties. 

III.  Conference  on  the  Limitation  op  Armament  and 
Pacific  and  Fab  Eastern  Questions. 

The  Treaty  of  Versailles  disarmed  Germany ;  its  navy  was  sur- 
rendered to  the  Allied  and  Associated  Powers ;  its  army  was  dis- 
banded, and  only  100,000  men  were  permitted  in  the  future,  and 
those  only  by  contract,  not  constrription,  and  for  a  period  of  years. 
The  air  forces  and  agencies  were  also  defined  and  limited. 

It  was  intended  that  this  should  be  the  first  step  towards  the 
general  limitation  of  armament — a  purpose  set  forth  in  the  open- 
ing paragraph,  in  the  nature  of  a  preamble,  of  the  naval,  mili- 
tary and  air  clauses  of  the  Treaty. 


INTERNATIONAL  LAW.  333 

In  order  to  render  posedble  the  initiation  of  a  general  limitation  of  the 
armaments  of  all  nationSi  Germany  undertakes  strictly  to  observe  the 
military,  naval  and  air  clauses  which  follow. 

The  attitude  of  the  United  States  has  never  been  a  matter  of 
conjecture.  It  was  clearly  set  forth  and  stated  in  a  statute  of 
August  39,  1916,  while  the  World  War  was  in  progress.  It  was 
more  tiian  an  attitude,  it  was  a  programme;  it  was  even  more 
than  a  programme,  it  was  a  mandate  to  the  President  of  the 
United  States  to  take  the  steps  which  were  stated,  to  make  the 
attitude  of  the  United  States  known  to  the  Great  Powers  and 
through  them,  to  the  world,  and  to  realize  the  programme  of 
peaceful  settlement,  with  the  honorable  avoidance  of  war  and  the 
consequent  reduction  of  armament  which,  meeting  a  need,  neces- 
sarily diminishes  with  the  need. 

The  material  portion  of  this  important,  perhaps  epoch-making 
statute  follows: 

It  is  hereby  declared  to  be  the  policy  of  the  United  States  to  adjust 
and  settle  its  international  disputes  through  mediation  or  arbitration, 
to  the  end  that  war  may  be  honorably  avoided.  It  looks  with  appre- 
hension and  disfavor  upon  a  general  increase  of  armament  throughout 
the  world,  but  it  realizes  that  no  single  nation  can  disarm,  and  that 
without  a  common  agreement  upon  the  subject  every  considerable 
power  must  maintain  a  relative  standing  in  milituy  strength. 

In  view  of  the  premises,  the  President  is  authorized  and  requested  to 
invite,  at  an  appropriate  time,  not  later  than  the  close  of  the  war  in 
Europe,  all  the  great  Governments  of  the  world  to  send  representatives 
to  a  conference  which  shall  be  charged  with  the  duty  of  formulating  a 
plan  for  a  court  of  arbitration  or  other  tribunal  to  which  disputed  ques- 
tions between  nations  shall  be  referred  for  adjudication  and  peaceful 
settlement,  and  to  consider  the  question  of  disarmament  and  submit 

their  recommendation  to  their  respective  Governments  for  approval 

Two  hundred  thousand  dollars,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  necessary, 
is  hereby  appropriated  and  set  aside  and  placed  at  the  dii^osal  of  the 
President  to  carry  into  effect  the  provisions  of  this  paragraph. 

If  at  any  time  before  the  construction  authorized  by  this  Act  shall 
have  been  contracted  for  there  shall  have  been  established,  with  the 
cooperation  of  the  United  States  of  America^  an  international  tribunal 
or  tribunals  competent  to  secure  peaceful  determinations  of  all  inter- 
national disputes,  and  which  shall  render  unnecessary  the  maintenance 
of  competitive  armaments,  then  and  in  that  case  such  naval  expendi- 
tures as  may  be  inconsistent  with  the  engagements  made  in  the  estab- 
lishment of  such  tribunal  or  tribunals  may  be  suspended,  when  so  ordered 
by  the  President  of  the  United  States.  [Provision  of  the  Act  making 
appropriations  for  the  naval  service  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
thirtieth,  nineteen  hundred  and  seventeen,  and  for  other  purposes. 
Siaiuies  at  Large  of  the  United  States,  Vol.  39  (64th  Congress),  p.  618.] 

The  war,  in  so  far  as  the  United  States  was  concerned,  ended 
with  the  treaties  with  Germany,  Austria  and  Hungary,  in  the 
summer  of  1921.  The  statute  of  the  Permanent  Court  of  Inter- 
national Justice  had  been  drafted,  approved  by  the  nations,  and 
only  awaited  the  selection  of  the  judges  in  September,  1921..  The 
war  and  the  court  were  out  of  the  way.    The  way  was  clear  for 


334  REPORT  OF   COMMITTEE  ON 

the  limitation  of  armament.  The  statute  was  not  to  be  a  dead 
letter.  On  July  8,  1921,  Secretary  Hughes  addressed  an  in- 
formal inquiry  to  four  of  the  nations  which  with  the  addition  of 
the  United  States  formed  the  principal  Allied  and  Associated 
Powers  of  the  Treaty  of  Versailles :  The  British  Empire,  France, 
Italy,  Japan.  They  stated  their  willingness  to  confer  with  the 
United  States  on  the  matter  of  armament.  The  President  and 
the  Secretary  knew  that  a  settlement  of  Pacific  and  Far  Eastern 
questions  was  essential,  indeed  a  prerequisite  to  a  limitation  of 
armament.  The  inquiry,  therefore,  mentioned  these  topics,  and 
the  four  Powers  expressed  their  willingness  to  discuss  them  also. 
But  Powers  which  had  but  little  armament  to  reduce  were  in- 
terested, particularly  China,  in  this  phase  of  the  subject.  There- 
fore, Belgium,  the  Netherlands  and  Portugal,  in  addition  to 
China,  were  asked  to  confer  on  these  matters.  The  result  was  a 
conference  of  the  so-called  principal  Allied  and  Associated 
Powers  on  armament,  and  a  conference  of  the  nine  on  Pacific 
and  Far  Eastern  questions. 

The  Conference  opened  its  labors  in  the  City  of  Washington 
on  November  12,  1921,  and  adjourned  on  February  6,  1922, 
with  the  following  treaties  and  resolutions  to  its  credit : 

A  treaty  between  the  United  States  of  America,  the  British  Empire, 
France,  Italy  and  Japan,  Umiting  naval  armament. 

A  treaty  between  the  same  powers,  in  relation  to  the  use  of  sub- 
marines and  noxious  gases  in  warfare. 

A  treaty  between  the  United  States  of  America,  the  British  Empire, 
France,  and  Japan,  signed  December  13,  1921,  relating  to  their  insular 
possessions  and  insular  dominions  in  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Declaration  accompanying  the  above  four-power  treaty. 

A  treaty  between  the  same  four  powers,  supplementary  to  the  above, 
signed  February  6,  1922. 

A  treaty  between  all  nine  powers  relating  to  principles  and  policies  to 
be  followed  in  matters  concerning  China. 

A  treaty  between  the  nine  powers  relating  to  Chinese  customs  tariff. 

Resolution  for  a  commission  of  jurists  to  consider  amendment  of  laws 
of  war. 

Resolution  limiting  jurisdiction  of  commission  of  jurists  provided  in 
above  resolution. 

Resolution  regarding  a  board  of  reference  for  Far  Eastern  questions. 
Resolution  regarding  extraterritoriality  in  China. 
Resolution  regarding  foreign  postal  agencies  in  China. 
Resolution  regarding  armed  forces  in  China. 

Resolution  regarding  radio  stations  in  China  and  accompanying  decla- 
rations. 

Resolution  regarding  unification  of  railways  in  China  and  accompany- 
ing declaration  by  China. 

Resolution  regarding  the  reduction  of  Chinese  military  forces. 

Resolution  regarding  existing  commitments  of  China  or  with  respect 
to  China. 

Resolution  regarding  the  Chinese  Eastern  Railway,  approved  by  all 
the  powers,  including  China. 


INTERNATIONAL  LAW.  335 

Resolution  regarding  the  Chinese  Eastern  Railway,  approved  by  all 
the  powers,  other  than  China. 

In  addition  there  were  two  further  treaties : 

Treaty  between  Japan  and  China  for  the  settlement  of  outstanding 
questions  relative  to  Shantung  (February  4,  1922). 

Treaty  between  the  United  States  and  Japan  with  regard  to  the 
former  German  islands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in  particular  the  island  of 
Yap  (February  11,  1922). 

The  first  of  this  latter  group  was  between  China  and  Japan, 
and  was  reported  to  but  not  made  in  or  by  the  conference.  It  can 
be  said,  however,  that  it  was  concluded  under  its  auspices.  The 
second  was  between  Japan  and  the  United  States  and  was 
negotiated  by  representatives  of  the  two  countries  during  but 
not  under  the  auspices  of  the  conference.  It  was  sufficiently 
connected  with  the  conference  to  be  mentioned  in  the  official 
report  of  tlie  American  Delegation.  It  was,  however,  the  work 
of  Mr.  Hughes  as  Secretary  of  State,  and  of  the  Japanese  Am- 
bassador to  the  United  States,  not  of  those  high  officials  as  com- 
missioners of  their  respective  countries  to  the  Conference.  It 
was  signed  February  11th,  after  its  adjournment.  It  was  clearly 
R  related  subject. 

The  American  Commissioners  were  Secretary  of  State  Hughes, 
Senator  Henry  Cabot  Lodge,  Senator  Oscar  S.  Underwood,  and 
Mr.  Elihu  Boot,  at  one  time  Secretary  of  War,  Secretary  of 
State,  and  Senator  of  the  United  States.  Of  the  conference, 
Secretary  Hughes  was  appropriately  chosen  chairman,  and  the 
Honorable  John  W.  Garrett,  of  Maryland,  Secretary-General. 

It  is  not  the  purpose  of  your  committee  to  consider  these 
treaties  or  resolutions  in  detail.  The  treaties  to  which  the 
United  States  is  a  party  have  all  been  advised  and  consented  to 
by  the  Senate,  and  only  await  a  ratification  by  the  other  contract- 
ing parties,  and  a  deposit  of  ratifications  to  become  laws  of  the 
United  States  and  to  bind  the  other  countries  to  their  observance. 
There  are,  however,  certain  observations  which  your  committee 
deems  it  timely  and  not  without  interest  to  make.  Military  or 
aerial  armament  was  untouched  by  the  conference.  The  dis- 
turbed state  of  Europe  made  it  seem  highly  embarrassing  to  one 
of  the  -participants  to  broach  the  subject  of  land  armament.  By 
general  consent  this  was  laid  aside  for  the  present,  doubtless  to 
await  a  more  propitious  occasion.  It  was  apparently  felt  that 
the  time  was  not  ripe  for  a  discussion  of  aerial  armament : 

It  was  found  to  be  impracticable  to  adopt  rules  for  the  limitation  of 
aircraft  in  number,  size,  or  character,  in  view  of  the  fact  that  such  rules 
would  be  of  little  or  no  value  unless  the  production  of  commercial  air- 
craft were  similarly  restricted.  It  was  deemed  to  be  inadvisable  thus 
to  hamper  the  development  of  a  facility  which  could  not  fail  to  be  im- 


336  REPORT  OF   COMMITTBB  ON 

gortant  in  the  progress  of  civilisation.    [Report  of  American  Delegation, 
enate  Document  No.  125,  67th  Congress,  2cL  Session.] 

It  did  not  figure  in  the  programme  and  it  was  not  considered  by 
the  delegates.  The  conference  was  therefore  limited  by  general 
consent  to  naval  armament.  It  was  recognized  on  all  hands  that 
armament  was  needed;  it  was  plain  to  all  that  ez<cessive  arma- 
ment was  to  be  avoided.  Armament  for  defense  there  must  be. 
Where  should  the  line  be  drawn?  If  excessive  armament  was 
to  be  avoided  competition  should  cease,  for  excess  was  clearly 
traceable  to  the  race  in  armament  without  changing  the  relative 
standing  of  the  leading  Powers.  The  thing  to  do  was  to  lay  the 
axe  to  the  root  of  the  evil.  This  the  conference  did  by  taking 
the  navies  of  the  five  Powers  as  they  existed  on  November  11th ; 
providing  that  they  be  proportionally  reduced,  and  that  the 
agreed  tonnage  for  each  of  the  five  be  not  increased  during  a 
period  of  years.  The  relative  standing  of  each  Power  would  be 
maintained  approximately  as  it  was  on  November  11th;  there 
would  be  a  positive  reduction  in  tonnage  and  there  would  be  in 
effect  if  not  in  form,  a  naval  holiday  during  the  life  of  the  treaty 
which  by  its  terms  is  not  to  expire  before  December  31,  1936. 

The  task  before  the  conference  was  delicate,  there  were  diflB- 
culties  in  the  way,  there  were  certain  prerequisites  to  agreement. 
There  were  only  two  precedents,  but  one  of  these  has  stood  the 
test  of  time.  The  first  followed  the  War  of  1812  between  Great 
Britain  and  the  United  States,  and  was  effected  by  an  exchange 
of  notes. 

The  note  of  the  British  Minister,  with  a  few  lines  from  the 
American  note,  need  only  be  quoted : 

Washington,  April  2&th,  1817. 

The  undersigned,  His  Britannick  Majesty's  Envoy  Extraordinary  and 
Minister  Plenipotentiary,  has  the  honour  to  acquaint  Mr.  Rush,  that 
havine  laid  before  His  Majesty's  Government  the  correspondence  which 
passed  last  year  between  the  Secretary  of  the  Department  of  State  and 
the  undersigned  upon  the  subject  of  a  proposal  to  reduce  the  Naval 
Force  of  the  respective  countries  upon  the  American  Lakes,  he  has 
received  the  commands  of  His  Royal  Highness  the  Prince  Regent  to 
acquaint  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  that  his  Royal  Highness 
is  willing  to  acceed  to  the  proposition  made  to  the  undersigned  by  the 
Secretary  of  the  Department  of  State  in  his  note  of  the  2d  of  August  last. 

His  Royal  Highness  acting  in  the  name  and  on  the  behalf  of  His 
Majesty,  agrees,  that  the  Waval  force  to  be  maintained  upon  the 
American  Lakes  by  His  Majesty  and  the  Government  of  the  United 
States  shall  henceforth  be  confined  to  the  following  vessels  on  each 
side.    That  is 

On  Lake  Ontario  to  one  vessel  not  exceeding  one  hundred  Tons 
burthen  and  armed  with  one  eighteen  pound  cannon. 

On  the  upper  lakes  to  two  vessels  not  exceeding  like  burthen  each 
and  armed  with  like  force. 

On  the  waters  of  Lake  Champlain  to  one  vessel  not  exceeding  like 
burthen  and  armed  with  like  force. 


INTERNATIONAL  LAW.  337 

And  His  Royal  Highneaa  agrees  that  all  other  armed  vessels  on  these 
Lakes  shall  be  forthwith  dismantled,  and  that  no  other  vessels  of  war 
shall  be  tibere  built  or  armed. 

His  Roval  Highness  further  agrees  that  if  either  Party  should  here- 
after be  desirous  of  annulling  this  stipulation  and  should  give  notice  to 
that  effect  to  the  other  Party,  it  shall  cease  to  be  binding  after  the 
expiration  of  six  months  from  the  date  of  such  notice. 

Tlie  undersigned  has  it  in  command  from  His  Royal  Highness  the 
Prince  Regent  to  acquaint  the  American  Government,  that  His  Royal 
Highness  has  issued  orders  to  His  Majesty's  officers  on  the  lakes  direct- 
ing that  the  Naval  force  so  to  be  limited  shall  be  restricted  to  such 
services  as  will  in  no  respect  interfere  with  the  proper  duties  of  the 
armed  vessels  of  the  other  Party. 

The  undersigned  has  the  honour  to  renew  to  Mr.  Rush  the  assurances 
of  his  highest  consideration. 

Ghablm  Bagot.* 

Dhpartmbnt  op  State,  April  2Qth,  1817. 

The  undersigned  Acting  Secretary  of  State  has  the  honor  to  express 
to  Mr.  Bagot  the  satisfaction  which  the  President  feels  at  His  Royul 
Highness  The  Prince  Regent's  having  acceded  to  the  proposition  of  thi9 
Government  as  contained  in  the  note  alluded  to.  And  in  further  answer 
to  Mr.  Bagot's  note,  the  undersigned  by  the  direction  of  the  President, 
has  the  honor  to  state,  that  this  Government,  cherishing  the  same  senti- 
ments expressed  in  the  note  of  the  second  of  August,  agrees,  that  the 
naval  force  to  be  maintained  upon  the  Lakes  of  the  United  States  and 
Great  Britain  shall  henceforth,  be  confined  to  the  following  vessels  on 
each  side—that  is:  ...  . 

The  undersigned  is  also  directed  by  the  President  to  state^  that  proper 
orders  will  be  forthwith  issued  by  this  Government  to  restnct  the  naval 
force  thus  limited  to  such  services  as  will  in  no  respect  interfere  with 

the  proper  duties  of  the  armed  vessels  of  the  other  party 

Richard  Rush' 

The  British  Minister  was  Sir  Charles  Bagot;  the  Acting  Sec- 
retary of  State  was  Richard  Rush  of  Pennsylvania,  then  Attorney 
General  of  the  United  States.  The  Secretary  of  State  mentioned 
in  the  correspondence  was  James  Monroe;  the  President  was 
James  Monroe,  who  thus  has  to  his  credit  the  arrangement 
on  the  Lakes  which  has  kept  the  peace  between  the  two  countries, 
and  ^'the  doctrine  ^^  bearing  his  name,  which  has  kept  Europe 
out  of  the  affairs  of  the  New  World. 

It  will  be  observed  that  this  epoch-making  arrangement  was 
effected  by  a  mere  exchange  of  notes.  On  the  transaction  and  the 
subsequent  procedure,  Mr.  John  Bassett  Moore,  our  great  author- 
ity on  international  law  and  judge  of  the  Permanent  Court  of 
International  Justice,  has  this  to  say  in  his  monumental  Digest 
of  International  Law : 

Orders  were  at  once  given  by  the  proper  executive  officers  of  the  two 
governments  for  its  execution.  April  6,  1818,  President  Monroe,  appar- 
ently out  of  abundant  caution,  communicated  the  correspondence  to  the 

*  Davis  and  Haswell,   Treaties  and  Conventions  since  July  4,  1776 
(Washington,  1889).  pp.  413-414. 
*Ibid.,  pp.  414^16. 


338  BBPOKT  OF  COHMITTEB  ON 

Senate  (Am.  State  Papers,  Foreign  Relations,  IV,  202).  The  Senate, 
on  the  16th  of  the  same  month,  by  a  resolution  in  which  two-thirds  ol 
the  Senators  present  concurred,  "  approved  of  and  consented  to  "  the 
arrangement,  and  ''recommended  tnat  the  same  be  carried  into  effect 
by  the  President."  The  President  proclaimed  the  arrangement  April 
28,  1818  (11  Stat.  766).  The  proclamation),  however,  does  not  appear 
ever  to  have  been  officially  communicated  to  the  British  government, 
and  no  exchange  of  ratifications  took  place.  ''The  agreement  became 
effective,  by  means  of  executive  orders  on  each  side,  from  the  date  of 
the  original  exchange  of  notes."  The  l^islation  in  the  United  States 
on  the  subject  of  armaments  on  the  Great  Lakes  was  of  such  a  nature 
as  to  leave  the  matter  within  the  discretion  of  the  President,  within  the 
limits  of  appropriations  actually  made.  A  similar  discretion  appears  to 
have  been  exercised  by  the  British  government  [Vol.  1,  pp.  214-215]. 

The  second  precedent  is  also  of  American  origin.  It  is  con- 
tained in  the  Treaty  of  May  28,  1902,  and  the  Supplementary 
Agreement  of  January  9,  1903,  between  the  Bepublic  of  Argen- 
tina and  the  Republic  of  Chile.  These  documents  were  laid  by 
the  representatives  of  the  two  countries  before  the  Second  Hague 
Peace  Conference  of  1907.  They  are  embodied  in  its  proceed- 
ings and  were  thus  brought  to  the  notice  of  the  worid  at  large. 
Their  material  provisions  are  as  follow : 

CONVENTION    BETWEEN    CHILE    AND    THE    ARGENTINE 
REPUBLIC,  RESPECTING  THE  LIMITATION  OF 

NAVAL  ARMAMENTS. 

[May  28,  1902.] 

With  a  view  of  removing  all  motive  for  uneasineas  or  resentment  in 
either  country,  the  Governments  of  Chile  and  the  Argentine  Republic 
desist  from  acquiring  the  vessels  of  war  which  they  have  in  construction, 
and  from  henceforth  making  new  acquisitions. 

Both  Governments  agree,  moreover,  to  reduce  their  respective  fleets, 
for  which  object  they  will  continue  to  exert  themselves  until  they  arrive 
at  an  understanding  which  shall  establi^  a  just  balance  (of  strength) 
between  the  said  fleets.  This  reduction  shall  take  place  within  one 
year,  counting  from  the  date  of  exchange  of  ratification  of  the  present 
convention.    [Article  1.) 

The  two  Governments  bind  themselves  not  to  increase,  without 
previous  notice,  their  naval  armaments  during  five  years;  the  one  in- 
tending^ to  increase  them  shall  give  the  other  eighteen  months'  notice. 
It  is  understood  that  all  armaments  for  the  fortification  of  the  coasts 
and  ports  are  excluded  from  this  agreement,  and  any  floating  machine 
destined  exclusively  for  the  defence  of  these,  such  as  submarines,  etc., 
can  be  acquired.    [Article  2.] 

The  two  signatory  Parties  shall  not  be  at  liberty  to  part  with  any 
vessels,  in  consequence  of  this  convention,  in  favor  of  countries  having 
questions  pending  with  one  or  the  other.    [Article  3.] 

In  order  to  facilitate  the  transfer  of  pending  contracts,  both  Govern- 
ments bind  themselves  to  prolong  for  two  months  the  term  stipulated 
for  the  delivery  of  the  vessels  in  construction,  for  which  purpose  they 
will  give  the  necessary  instructions  immediately  this  convention  has 
been  signed.    [Article  4.]^ 

*  Proceedings  of  The  Hague  Peace  Conference  of  1907,  Vol.  1,  p.  120. 


INTERNATIONAL  LAW.  "  339 


PROTOCOL  OP  THE  CONVENTION  OF  MAY  28, 1902,  BETWEEN 

CHILE  AND  THE  ARGENTINE  REPUBLIC  ON  THE 

LIMITATION  OF  NAVAL  ARMAMENTS. 

[January  9,  1903.] 

The  Republic  of  Chile  and  the  Argentine  Republic  ehall  hereafter, 
and  in  the  shortest  time  possible,  sell  the  vessels  of  war  now  building 
for  them,  for  the  former  in  the  shipyards  of  Messrs.  Vickens  and  Messrs. 
Armstrong  (England)  and  for  the  latter  in  those  of  Ansaldo  (Italy), 
according  to  the  stipulations  set  forth  in  paragraph  1  of  Article  1  and 
in  Article  3  of  the  agreement  of  May  28,  1902. 

In  the  event  of  its  not  being  possible  from  any  cause  to  carry  out  the 
sale  immediately,  the  high  signatory  Parties  may  continue  the  building 
of  the  said  ships,  until  thev  are  completed,  but  m  no  case  shall  they  be 
added  to  the  rc»3pective  fleets — not  even  with  the  previous  notice  of 
eighteen  months  required  for  the  increase  of  naval  armaments  by 
Article  2  of  the  above-quoted  a^eement.    [Article  1.] 

Both  the  high  signatory  Parties  mutually  agree  inmiediately  to  put 
the  vessels  at  present  building  at  the  disposal  and  at  the  orders  of  His 
Britannic  Majesty,  the  arbitrator  appointed  bv  the  treaty  of  May  28, 
1902,  informing  him  that  they  have  agreed  that  the  vessels  shall  not 
leave  the  yards  where  they  actually  are  except  onhr  in  case  both  high 
Parties  jointly  request  it,  either  because  their  sale  has  been  effected  or 
in  virtue  of  a  subsequent  agreement.    [Article  2.] 

The  two  high  signatory  Parties  shall  immediately  communicate  to  the 
shipbuilders  the  tact  that  the  vessels  have  been  placed,  by  common 
consent  of  both  Ck>venunent8,  at  the  disposal  of  the  arbitrator  desig- 
nated in  the  treaty  of  May  28,  1902,  without  whose  express  order  they 
may  not  be  delivered  to  any  nation  or  individual.    [Article  3.] 

In  order  to  establi^  the  just  balance  between  the  two  fleets,  the 
Republic  of  Chile  ^all  proceed  to  disarm  the  battleship  Capitdn^  Prat 
and  the  Argentine  Republic  to  disarm  its  battleships  Ganbaldi  and 
Pueyrredon.    [Article  4.] 

In  order  that  the  vessels  may  be  considered  disarmed,  in  accordance 
with  the  foregoing  article,  they  must  be  moored  in  a  basin  or  port, 
having  on  board  only  the  necessary  crew  to  attend  to  the  preservation 
of  the  material  which  cannot  be  removed,  and  they  must  have  landed — 

All  coal; 

All  power  and  ammunition; 

Artillery  of  small  caliber,  torpedo  tubes  and  torpedoes,  electric  search- 
lights, boats. 

All  stores  of  whatever  kind. 

For  their  better  preservation  it  is  permissible  to  roof  in  the  decks. 
[Article  6.] 

The  vessels  mentioned  in  Article  4,  which  both  Governments  agree  to 
disarm,  shall  remain  in  that  state,  and  may  not  be  rearmed  without  the 
previous  notice  of  eighteen  months  which  the  Government  who  wishes 
to  do  so  is  obliged  to  give  to  the  other  Government,  except  in  case  of  a 
subsequent  agreement  or  of  their  alienation.    [Article  6.]* 

At  their  expiration  they  were  not  renewed^  and  the  solitary 
precedent  before  the  statesmen  of  the  Arms  Conference  was  the 
so-called  Bush-Bagot  Arrangement  of  1817. 

There  were  thus  two  precedents.  It  happened  that  there  were 
two  prerequisites,  the  first  was  the  abrogation  of  the  Anglo- 

^  Proceedings  of  The  HoQue  Peace  Conference  of  tWI,  Vol.  1.  pp.  121- 
122. 


340  REPORT  OF   COMMITTEE  ON 

Japanese  Alliance  and  a  treaty  to  that  effect  was  the  first  of  the 
agreements  negotiated.  The  second  was  the  agreement  not  to 
fortify  the  territorial  possessions  of  the  contracting  parties  in 
the  Pacific. 

The  British  Isles,  anchored  off  the  continent  of  Europe  are 
affected  by  the  changes  that  make  and  immake  Europe;  the 
Island  Empire  of  Japan,  an^chored  off  the  shores  of  Asia,  is 
affected  by  every  breeze  that  blows  from  Asia.  The 'statesmen 
of  each  anxiously  watch  their  respective  continents.  But  the 
British  Empire  has  vast  interests  in  Asia  as  well.  Therefore 
these  two  Powers  felt  that  they  had  common  interests,  and  that 
their  *^  interests  ^'  in  Asia  should  be  xmtouched  by  a  third  Power. 
They  therefore  agreed  on  January  30, 1902,  to  take  united  action 
in  case  a  third  Power  should  interfere  in  hostilities  to  which  the 
other  was  a  party.  This  agreement  was  revised  on  August  12, 
1905,  by  an  agreement  providing  for  joint  action  in  the  first 
instance.  On  July  13,  1911,  this  latter  agreement  was  itself 
revised,  in  order  to  exclude  its  application  to  a  Power  which 
had  offered  to  arbitrate  its  difference  with  one  or  other  of  the 
parties  to  the  dispute.  This  modification  was  at  the  request  of 
Great  Britain,  in  order  to  enable  it  to  conclude  an  arbitration 
convention  with  the  United  States.  The  material  portion  of  the 
modified  convention  is  thus  worded: 

Preamble. — ^The  Government  of  Great  Britain  and  the  Government 
of  Japan,  having  in  view  the  important  changes  which  have  taken  place 
in  the  situation  since  the  conclusion  of  the  Anglo-Japanese  Agreement 
of  the  12th  August,  1905,  and  beheving  that  a  revision  of  that  Agree- 
ment responding  to  such  changes  would  contribute  to  general  stability 
and  repose,  have  agreed  upon  the  following  stipulations  to  replace  the 
Agreement  above  mentioned,  such  stipulations  having  the  same  object 
as  the  said  Agreement,  namely ; 

(a)  The  consolidation  and  maintenance  of  the  general  peace  in  the 
regions  of  Eastern  Asia  and  of  India ; 

(b)  The  preservation  of  the  common  interests  of  all  Powers  in  China 
by  insuring  the  independence  and  integrity  of  the  Chinese  Empire  and 
the  principle  of  equal  opportunities  for  the  commerce  and  inoustiy  of 
all  nations  in  China; ' 

(c)  The  maintenance  of  the  territorial  rights  of  the  High  Contracting 
Parties  in  the  regions  of  Eastern  Asia  and  of  India,  and  the  defence  of 
their  special  interests  in  the  said  regions: 

Abticlb  I. — It  is  agreed  that  whenever,  in  the  opinion  of  either  Great 
Britain  or  Japan,  any  of  the  rights  and  interests  referred  to  in  the 
preamble  of  this  Agreement  are  in  jeopardy,  the  two  Govemment4S  will 
communicate  with  one  another  fully  and  frankly,  and  will  consider  in 
common  the  measures  which  should  be  taken  to  CKifeguard  those 
menaced  rights  or  interests. 

Abticub  II. — If  by  reason  of  unprovoked  attack  or  aggressive  action, 
wherever  arising,  on  the  part  of  any  Power  or  Powers,  either  High  Con- 
tracting Party  should  be  involved  in  war  in  defence  of  its  territorial 
rights  or  special  interests  mentioned  in  the  preamble  of  this  Agree- 
ment, the  other  High  Contracting  Party  will  at  once  come  to  the  assist- 


INTEBNATIONAL  LAW.  341 

ance  of  its  ally,  and  will  conduct  th^  war  in  common,  and  make  peace 
in  mutual  agreement  with  it. 

Article  III.— The  High  Contracting  Parties  agree  that  neither  of 
them  will,  without  consulting  the  other,  enter  into  separate  arrange- 
ments with  anoUier  Power  to  the  prejudice  of  the  objects  described  in 
the  preamble  of  this  Agreement. 

Artiglb  rVr-^hould  either  High  Contracting  Party  conclude  a  treaty 
of  general  ca4)itration  with  a  thud  Power,  it  is  agreed  that  nothing  in 
this  Agreement  shall  entail  upon  such  Contracting  Party  an  obligation 
to  go  to  war  with  the  Power  with  whom  such  treaty  of  arbitration  is 
in  loroe.^  .... 

The  revised  version  was  displeasing  to  the  TTnited  States;  it 
was  not  overpleasing  to  many  people  in  Great  Britain.  The  Con- 
ference found  a  way  out,  in  substituting  a  four  Power  pact,  to 
which  the  United  States,  the  British  Empire,  France  and  Japan 
were  parties,  for  a  dual  agreement,  and  replacing  a  military 
alliance  by  an  obli^tion  to  respect  the  "  rights  ^'  of  each  "  to 
their  insular  possessions  and  insular  dominions  ^'  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean  and  an  obligation  to  confer  with  one  another  if  direct 
diplomacy  fails  to  adjust  their  diJSBculties.  By  a  supplemental 
treaty  of  the  four  Powers  the  "  insular  possessions  and  insular 
dominions  "  of  Japan  are  defined  as  including  for  the  purposes 
of  the  original  treaty  **  only  the  southern  portion  of  the  Island 
of  Sakhalin  and  the  Pescadores,  and  the  islands  under  the 
mandate  of  Japan.*' 

It  is  proper  to  add  in  this  connection  that  the  Pour  Power 
Pact  was  accompanied  by  a  declaration  of  even  date  to  the  effect 
that  the  treaty  applied  to  the  Mandated  Islands  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean  with,  however,  an  express  reservation  on  the  part  of  the 
United  States  that  the  treaty  was  not  to  be  deemed  an  assent  to 
the  mandates  and  that  it  did  ^'  not  preclude  agreements  between 
the  United  States  of  America  and  the  mandatory  Powers  res- 
pectively in  relation  to  the  mandated  islands.'* 

This  would  seem  to  indicate  that  an  agreement  with  Japan 
on  the  mandated  islands,  especially  Yap,  was  a  prerequisite  to 
the  Pour  Power  Pact  and  therefore  an  indirect  but  none  the 
less  a  further  prerequisite  to  the  limitation  of  naval  armament. 

Secretary  Hughes  and  the  Japanese  Ambassador  fortunately 
reached  an  agreement  in  the  form  of  a  treaty  during  the  course 
of  the  conference.  Although  it  was  put  into  shape  for  sig- 
nature, ii  was  not  signed  until  February  11,  some  five  days 
after  the  adjournment. 

This  treaty  has  an  importance  beyond  ite  terms.  It  secured 
from  the  Principal  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  a  formal 
acceptence  and  in  concrete  form  of  the  American  interpretetion 
of  the  Treaty  of  Versailles  and  of  the  other  peace  treaties. 

*MacMurray*8  Treaties  and  Agreements  with  and  Concerning  China, 
1894-1919  (Washington,  1921),  2  Vols.,  Vol.  1,  p.  900. 


342  REPORT  OF   COICMITTBB  ON 

In  the  treaty  of  August  25^  1921,  which  Secretary  Hughes 
had  negotiated  with  Germany,  he  reserved  on  behalf  of  the 
United  States  all  the  rights  which  Germany  had  granted  to  the 
Principal  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  in  the  Treaty  of  Ver- 
sailles, which  the  United  States  cared  to  receive  and  exercise. 
But  the  Principal  Allied  Powers,  the  British  Empire,  France, 
Italy  and  Japan  were  not  parties  to  the  treaty  of  the  United 
States,  the  Principal  Associated  Power,  with  Germany.  They 
were  not  bound  by  its  terms  an/}  the  interpretation  of  the 
Treaty  of  Versailles  which  Secretary  Hughes  incorporated  in 
the  German  Treaty.  It  was  important  to  secure  the  acceptance 
of  the  American  interpretation  in  a  concrete  case. 

The  Declaration  accompanying  the  Pour  Power  Pact,  to 
which  three  of  the  Principal  Allied  Powers  were  parties,  the 
British  Empire,  France  and  Japan,  and  the  Associated  Power, 
the  United  States,  provided  that  the  Treaty  or  Pact  should  apply 
"  to  the  Mandated  Islands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.'*  The  Declara- 
tion contained,  however,  the  express  stipulation  that  ^^  the  mak- 
ing of  the  Treaty ''  was  not  to  be  deemed  an  assent  on  the  part 
of  the  United  States  **to  the  mandates'*  and  that  the  Treaty 
did  not  preclude  ^'agreements  between  the  United  States  of 
America  and  the  Mandatory  Powers  respectively  in  relation  to 
the  mandated  islands.'* 

The  United  States  exercised  the  right  acknowledged  by  the 
Declaration,  to  make  an  agreement  with  the  Mandatory  Powers 
concerning  the  mandated  islands,  and,  in  so  doing,  applied  tiie 
American  interpretation  of  its  rights  under  the  Treaty  of 
Versailles  in  the  special  treaty  under  consideration  with  Japan. 
Article  119  of  the  Treaty  of  Versailles,  of  which  the  United 
States  claimed  the  benefit,  reads,  '^  Germany  renounces,  in  favour 
of  the  Principal  Allied  and  Associated  Powers  all  her  rights  and 
titles  over  her  oversea  possessions."  This  renunciation  included, 
of  course,  "  the  former  German  Islands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
in  particiilar  the  Island  of  Yap." 

In  pursuance  of  Article  119,  the  Four  Principal  Allied 
Powers  had  agreed  to  confer  a  mandate  of  these  islands  upon 
Japan.  In  so  doing,  they  acted  without  the  United  States, 
which  had  neither  ratified  the  Treaty  of  Versailles  nor  par- 
ticipated '*in  the  agreement  respecting  the  mandate."  In  so 
doing  they  attempted  to  dispose  of  an  interest  of  the  United 
States  under  the  treaty.  Their  action  was  therefore  without 
legal  eflFect  until  the  United  States  ratified  it  in  the  opening 
article  of  the  treaty  with  Japan,  in  the  following  measured 
language : 

Subject  to  the  provisioiis  of  the  present  Convention,  the  United  States 
consents  to  the  adniinistration  by  Japan^  pursuant  to  the  aforesaid 


INTSRNATIONAL   LAW.  343 

mandate,  of  all  the  former  German  Islands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean  lying 
north  of  the  Equator.    [Article  I.] 

This  interpretation  of  Article  119  of  the  Treaty  of  Versailles 
would  seem  to  apply  to  every  other  provision  of  like  nature  in 
that  treaty  and  to  vest  in  the  United  States  all  the  rights  of  that 
treaty  and  the  other  peace  treaties  set  out  in  the  special  treaties 
of  the  United  States  with  Germany,  Austria  and  Hungary. 

The  convention  was  also  a  diplomatic  triumph  for  Japan  as 
well  as  the  United  States,  as  it  settled  a  dispute  which  threatened 
to  become  a  source  of  irritation  by  according  to  Ainerican  citi- 
zens'the  rights  of  Japanese  subjects  in  the  Island  of  Yap  and  of 
any  favored  nation  in  such  matters,  among  others,  as  access, 
residence,  acquisition  of  property,  the  use  of  cables  and  radio- 
telegraphic  communication. 

Notwithstanding  the  implication  to  the  contrary  in  its  name, 
the  Pacific  Ocean  was  looked  upon  by  the  conference  as  a  pos- 
sible storm-center.  To  make  the  fact  correspond  to  the  name, 
the  United  States,  the  British  Empire  and  Japan  bound  them- 
selves in  Article  19  of  the  "  Scrapping  '^  Convention  to  main- 
tain '*  the  status  quo  at  the  time  of  the  signing  '*  of  the  fortifi- 
cations and  naval  bases  "  in  their  respective  territories  and  pos- 
sessions." This  article,  therefore,  enumerates  them.  The 
specific  nature  and  the  exact  extent  of  the  obligation  to  be 
assumed  was  thus  defined  and  known  in  advance. 

Nor  was  this  all.  Public  opinion  seemed  to  add  a  third  pre- 
requisite— the  return  of  Shantung  to  China  by  Japan,  which 
the  latter  had,  despite  the  opposition  of  China,  secured  by  the 
Treaty  of  Versailles.  In  the  course  of  the  conference  an  agree- 
ment was  reached  between  China  and  Japan  to  this  effect,  and 
the  treaty  embodying  the  conditions  upon  which  the  retrocession 
was  made  has  since  been  ratified  by  Japan.  The  intervention 
of  the  President  of  the  United  States,  the  acceptance  of  the  good 
ofiSces  of  Mr.  Hughes  and  of  Mr.  Balfour  as  individuals,  not  as 
officials,  were  important  factors  in  bringing  about  this  happy 
result. 

But  even  this  was  not  all.  A  part  of  the  American  proposal 
on  naval  armament  had  to  be  sacrificed  as  the  price  of  agree- 
ment, as  stated  in  the  Report  of  the  American  Commission : 

In  accepting  the  allowance  for  capital  ships,  France  had  made  a  dis- 
tinct reservation.  It  was  said  that  it  would  be  impossible  for  the  French 
Government  to  accept  reductions  for  light  cruisers,  tofpedo  boats  and 
submarines  corresponding  to  those  which  were  accepted  for  capital 
ships.  Accordingly,  France  maintained  that  her  necessities  required 
that  she  should  be  allowed  330,000  tons  for  cruisers,  etc.,  and  90,000  tons 
for  submarines 


! 
J 


344  BBPORT  OF  COMMITTEE  ON 

In  view  of  the  insistence  on  the  part  of  the  French  delegation  that 
they  could  not  abate  their  requirements  as  to  auxiliaiy  craft  and  sub- 
marines, the  Briti^  delegation  stated  that  they  were  unable  to  consent 
to  a  limitation  of  auxiliary  craft  adapted  to  meet  submarines. 

The  American  plan  for  the  limitation  of  armament  was,  as 
the  Beport  of  the  American  Delegation  points  out,  based  upon 
the  following  four  general  principles: 

(1)  That  all  capitalnshipbuilding  progp'ams,  either  actual  or  projected, 
should  be  abandoned; 

(2)  That  further  reduction  should  be  made  through  the  scrapping  of 
certain  of  the  older  ships; 

(3)  That  in  general  regard  should  be  had  to  the  existing  xiaval 
strength  of  the  powers  concerned ; 

(4)  That  the  capital  ship  tonnage  should  be  used  as  the  measurement 
of  strength  for  navies  and  a  proportionate  allowance  of  auxiliary  com- 
batant craft  prescribed. 

The  capital  ship  of  the  treaty  which  may  be  built  hereafter 
is  defined  as  "a  vessel  of  war,  not  an  aircraft  carrier,  whose 
displacement  exceeds  10,000  tons  (10,160  metric  tons)  standard 
displacement,  or  which  carries  a  gun  with  a  calibre  exceeding 
8  inches  (203  millimetres).'*  The  capital  ship  is  not  to  exceed 
36,000  tons  (35,660  metric  tons)  standard  displacement  It 
is  also  provided  in  the  treaty  that  '^no  capital  ship  of  any  of 
the  Contracting  Powers  shall  carry  a  gun  with  a  calibre  in 
excess  of  16  inches  (400  millimetres)/' 

It  is  further  provided  by  the  treaty  that  the  tonnage  of  capital 
ships  to  be  retained  is : 

By  the  United  States  of  America 525,850 

By  the  British  Empire 558^50 

By  France   221,170 

By  Italy   182,800 

By  Japan   301,320 

Total    1,790,090 

The  ships  retained  will,  of  course,  deteriorate.    Therefore,  they 
may  be  replaced : 

The  total  capital  ship  replacement  tonnage  of  each  of  the  Contracting 
Powers  shall  not  exceed  in  standard  displacement  for  the  United  States 
525,000  tons  (533,400  metric  tons) ;  for  the  British  Empire  525,000  tons 
(533,400  metric  tons) ;  for  France  175,000  tons  (177300  metric  tons) ; 
for  Italy  175,000  tons  (177^00  metric  tons);  for  Japan  315,000  tons 
(320,040  metric  tons).    [Article  IV.] 

The  capital*  ship  in  excess  of  the  tonnage  allowed  is  to  be 
''  scrapped."  That  is,  it  is  removed  from  the  category  of  fight- 
ing ships,  or  in  the  language  of  the  treaty,  ''placed  in  such 
condition  that  it  cannot  be  put  to  combatant  use." 


INTERNATIONAL  LAW.  345 

The  number  of  capital  ships  to  be  **  scrapped  *'  and  the  con- 
sequent reduction  in  tonnage  are  shown  in  the  following  table: 

No.  of  Ships  Tonnage 

United  States  of  America...    30  820,540 

British  Empire   24*  605,»75 

France   *  

Italy    

Japan    17*  435,328 

71  1,861343 

Aircraft  carriers  are  included  in  the  treaty,  and  the  carrier  is 
defined  as  '^a  vessel  of  war  with  a  displacement  in  excess  of 
10,000  tons  (10,160  metric  tons)  standard  displacement  de- 
signed for  the  specific  and  exclusive  purpose  of  carrying  air- 
craft/' 

The  total  tonnage  for  aircraft  carriers  of  each  of  the  Contracting 
Powers  shall  not  exceed  in  standard  displacement,  for  the  United  States 
135,000  tons  (137,160  metric  tons) ;  for  the  British  Empire  135,000  tons 
(137,160  metric  tons) ;  for  France  60,000  tons  (60,960  metric  tons) ;  for 
Italy  60,000  tons  (60,960  metric  tons) ;  for  Japan  81,000  (82,296  metric 
tons).    [Article  VII.] 

As  in  the  case  of  capital  ships,  aircraft  carriers  may  be  re- 
placed, but  the  carrier  in  the  future  and  during  the  life  of  the 
treaty  is  not  to  exceed  "27,000  tons  (27,432  metric  tons) 
standard  displacement'^  nor  is  the  carrier  to  have  a  gun  with 
"a  calibre  in  excess  of  8  inches  (203  millimetres)/' 

Vessels  smaller  than  capital  ships  are  not  limited  in  number, 
but  they  are  not  to  exceed  10,000  tons  (10,160  metric  tons) 
standard  displacement,  and  the  calibre  of  the  guns  which  they 
may  carry  is  not  to  exceed  8  inches  (203  millimetres). 

The  Contracting  Powers  are  not  to  construct  or  acquire  in  any 
way  or  manner  ships  of  the  inhibited  classes,  nor  are  they  to  dis- 
pose of  them  in  any  way  or  manner  to  non-Contracting  Powers. 
Peter  is  not  to  be  robbed  to  pay  .Paul,  or,  more  accurately  ex- 
pressed, Paul  is  not  to  be  enriched  at  the  expense  of  Peter. 

The  treaty  is  to  remain  in  force  until  December  31,  1936,  and 
thereafter  unless  it  shall  be  denoimced  two  years  before  this  date 
by  any  one  of  the  Contracting  Powers.  But  within  a  year  of  the 
denunciation,  the  Contracting  Powers  are  to  meet  in  conference, 
doubtless  in  the  hope  of  reaching  an  agreement  for  the  continu- 
ance of  the  treaty  in  more  or  less  modified  form. 

^  This  figure  includes  4  Hoods  not  laid  down.  Four  more  ships  are  to 
be  scrapped  on  completion  of  two  new  ships  of  35,(X)0  tons  each. 

'As  France  and  Italy  did  not  possess  their  quotas  of  tonnage,  no 
scrapping  is  required  of  them  by  the  treaty. 

'  And  abandonment  of  program  of  8  ships  not  laid  down. 


346  REPORT  OF   COICMITTEE  ON 

But  circumstances  may  change  so  that  a  Contracting  Power 
may  fear  that  the  agreement  has  become  inequitable  as  far  as  it 
is  concerned.  It  may  so  state  and  a  conference  thereupon  takes 
place  for  *Hhe  reconsideration  of  the  provisions  of  the  treaty 
and  its  amendment  by  mutual  agreement/'  and  in  any  event  "  a 
conference  of  the  parties  to  the  treaty  is  to  be  held  "  some  eight 
years  after  the  treaty  has  come  into  force,  to  consider  what 
changes  should  be  made  in  its  terms  because  of  **  technical  and 
scientific  developments'*  in  the  interval. 

It  is  foreseen  that  one  or  other  of  the  Contracting  Powers  may 
be  at  war.  In  this  event  the  treaty  is  to  be  suspended  upon 
notice  of  such  Power;  the  Powers  at  peace  may  meet  and  a^ee 
to  modifications  of  its  terms  during  the  war,  of,  failing  to  ^ee 
any  one  of  the  Contracting  Powers  at  peace  may  withdraw  itself 
from  the  obligations  of  the  treaty  during  the  war.  On  the  term- 
ination of  hostilities  the  Contracting  Powers  are  to  meet  and 
consider  what  modifications  if  any,  should  be  made  in  its  pro- 
visions. 

Such  is  the  principle  of  the  limitation  of  armament  adopted 
by  the  Conference  and  the  principle  once  agreed  to,  its  applica- 
tion on  a  larger  scale  is  a  matter  of  expediency.  The  first  step 
is  the  most  important  and  it  has  been  taken. 

It  has  already  been  said  that  submarines  were  not  included  in 
the  treaty,  but  they  were  not  left  where  the  conference  found 
them.  The  British  Commission  wished  and  proposed  '*that 
united  action  should  be  taken  by  all  nations  to  forbid  their 
maintenance,  construction  or  employment."  The  United  States 
stood,  however,  for  the  use  of  submarines  against  war  vessels, 
and  proposed  an  acceptable  compromise  drafted  by  Mr.  Boot, 
forbidding  their  use  as  commerce  destroyers  and  punishing  "  as 
for  an  ad  of  piracy  ?  violations  by  submarines  of  the  rules  of 
visit  and  search  required  of  surface  vessels. 

In  tlie  treaty  in  which  the  United  States,  the  British  Empire, 
France,  Italy  and  Japan  renounce  the  use  of  submarines  the 
same  Powers  thus  deal  with  gases: 

The  use  in  war  of  asph3^iatiDg,  poisonous  or  other  sases,  and  all 
analogous  liquids,  materials  or  devices,  having  been  justT^r  condemned 
by  the  general  opinion  of  the  civilized  world  and  a  ])rohibition  of  such 
use  having  been  declared  in  treaties  to  which  a  mtgority  of  the  civilised 
Powers  are  parties, 

The  Signatory  Powers,  to  the  end  that  this  prohibition  shall  be 
universally  accepted  as  a  part  of  international  law  binding  alike  the 
conscience  and  practice  of  nations,  declare  their  assent  to  such  pro- 
hibition, a^ee  to  be  bound  thereby  as  between  themselves  and  invite 
all  other  civihzed  nations  to  adhere  thereto.    [Article  V.] 

For  the  purposes  of  this  report  it  will  be  sufficient  to  refer 
only  to  the  series  of  agreements  concerning  China,  to  all  of 


INTERNATIONAL   LAW.  347 

which  the  United  States  and  Japan  were  parties,  and  to  a  reso- 
lution outwardly  of  modest  proportions,  but  inwardly  of  infinite 
possibilities. 

Of  the  Chinese  agreements  it  may  be  said  as  a  whole  that  they 
start  from  the  reafiSrmation  by  all  of  the  participants  of  the 
policy  of  the  open  door,  which  they  have  ^*  observed  ^  in  theory 
and  violated  in  practice ;  and  that  they  aim  to  secure  the  recogni- 
tion in  practice  as  well  as  in  theory  of  China  as  a  free,  sovereign 
and  independent  country,  permitting,  in  the  meantime,  to  China 
''  an  increase  of  its  revenues,  securing  the  withdrawal  of  foreign 
troops,  and  providing  for  the  abolition  of  extraterritoriality," 
without  which  freedom,  sovereignty  and  independence  are  high- 
sounding  but  hollow  phrases. 

Your  committee  expresses  the  hope,  although  it  is  beyond  the 
scope  of  its  report,  that  the  statesmen  of  China  will  probe 
beneath  the  surface  of  things  and  find  in  the  enlightened  tradi* 
tions  of  their  country  the  fundamental  principles  of  justice  and 
of  fair-dealing  which  will  make  of  the  oldest  of  nations  the  New 
China,  instead  of  attempting  to  introduce  an  alien  civilization, 
a  procedure  which  is  likely  to  be  futile  when  it  is  not  actually 
fatal. 

The  difference  between  anarchy,  which  destroys,  and  freedom, 
which  preserves  alike  nations  and  peoples,  is  that  the  will  of  all 
as  well  as  of  the  many,  and  the  will  of  the  few  as  well  as  that  of 
the  one,  is  a  restrained  will;  and  liberty  is  only  possible  or 
desirable  if  the  freedom  of  action  of  the  will  of  the  individual 
and  of  the  community  be  a  will  restrained  by  the  principles  of 
justice  expressed  in  rules  of  law. 

We  speak  of  nations  as  independent  and  that  is  true  in  the 
sense  that  no  nation  should  be  dependent  upon  the  will  of 
another;  but  nations  are  interdependent,  as  the  happiness  and 
prosperity  of  any  one  does  in  fact  depend  upon  the  many.  It 
is  indeed  true  "that  no  one  can  rightfully  impose  a  rule  on 
another  '*  and  that  none  can  make  a  law  of  nations,  to  revert  to 
the  language  of  Chief  Justice  Marshall.  There  is  no  person, 
however  powerful  and  self-sufficient,  who  can  stand  out  against 
the  combined  common  judgment  of  mankind,  and  there  is  no 
State,  made  up  of  men  and  women  more  or  less  artificially 
grouped,  which  can  stand  out  against  the  common  judgment  of 
the  other  States  or  the  greater  portion  of  them,  composed  of 
these  same  men  and  women  divided  by  a  boundary  which  does 
not  separate.  The  difficulty  is  to  concentrate  the  thought  of 
mankind  upon  the  essentials  of  international  conduct  and 
through  conference  to  express  the  principles  of  justice  in  rules 
of  international  conduct.  Mr.  Boot  took  advantage  of  the 
meeting  of  the  advisory  committee  of  jurists  at  The  Hague  in 
the  summer  of  1920,  to  draft  a  project  for  the  International 


348  BEPOBT  OF  COMMITTBE  ON    .      • 

Court  of  Justice,  to  turn  the  thouf^^hts  of  statesmen  in  this  direc- 
tion and  to  state  the  method  of  taking  over  from  the  individual 
the  principles  of  justice  and  of  putting  them  in  the  rules  of 
public  law  for  the  observance  of  nations.  He  therefore  proposed 
and  the  committee  adopted  the  following  resolution : 

The  Advisory  Committee  of  Jurists,  assembled  at  The  Hague  to  draft 
a  plan  for  a  Permanent  Court  of  International  Justice, 

Convinced  that  the  security  of  States  and  the  well-beinff  of  peoples 
urgently  require  the  extension  of  the  empire  of  law  and  the  development 
of  all  international  agencies  for  the  aaministration  of  justice,  recom- 
mends: 

I.  That  a  new  conference  of  the  nations  in  continuation  of  the  first 
two  conferences  at  The  Hague  be  held  as  soon  as  practicable  for  the 
following  purposes: 

1.  To  restate  the  established  rules  of  international  law,  especially, 
and  in  the  first  instance,  in  the  fields  affected  by  the  events  of  the 
recent  war. 

2.  To  formulate  and  agree  upon  the  amendments  and  additions,  if 
any.  to  the  rules  of  international  law  shown  to  be  necessary;  or 
useful  by  the  events  of  the  war  and  the  changes  in  the  conditions 
of  international  life  and  intercourse  which  have  followed  the  war. 

3.  To  endeavor  to  reconcile  divergent  views  and  secure  general 
agreement  upon  the  rules  which  have  been  in  difqpute  heretoK>re. 

4.  To  consider  the  subjects  not  now  adequately  regulated  by 
international  law,  but  aa  to  which  the  interests  of  international 
justice  require  that  rules  of  law  shall  be  declared  and  accepted. 

The  resolution  was  addressed  neither  to  the  Council  nor  to  the 
Assembly  of  the  League  of  Nations.  The  reference  to  one  or  the 
other  body  was  struck  from  the  draft  by  the  Committee,  so 
that  the  resolution,  in  the  form  in  which  it  was  adopted,  was  a 
recommendation  of  the  Committee  of  Jurists,  and  required  no 
action  by  the  League  of  Nations,  any  more  than  the  Resolution 
of  the  Committee  in  favor  of  the  prompt  establishment  of  the 
Academy  of  International  Law  in  the  Peace  Palace  at  The 
Hague.  Through  an  unfortunate  oversight  of  the  Reporter,  the 
first  resolution  in  question  was  submitted  to  the  Council  and  the 
Assembly  of  the  League  by  the  Appendix  of  his  Report  which, 
prepared  after  the  adjournment  of  the  Committee  of  Jurists, 
was  not  approved  by  them.  When  this  error  was  discovered  it 
was  too  late  to  correct  it,  although  an  attempt  was  made  to  do  so. 
The  resolution  therefore  went  before  the  Council  where  it  was 
modified  in  part,  and  the  Assembly  where  it  was  rejected  in  toto. 

Undaunted  by  this  action,  Mr.  Root  saved  a  part  of  the  orig- 
inal resolution  at  the  Arms  Conference,  and  it  may  well  be  that 
the  more  modest  and  inconspicuous  proposal  will  carry  with  it 
and  realize  the  larger  purpose.  It  is  to  be  observed  in  this  con- 
nection that  the  commission  is  forbidden  by  express  resolution 
"  to  review  or  report  upon  the  rules  or  declarations  relating  to 
submarines  or  the  use  of  noxious  gases  and  chemicals  "  adopted 
by  five  of  the  Powers  in  the  Conference. 


INIBENATIONAL  LAW.  349 

Lord  LyndhuTst,  the  one  American  by  birth  to  hold  the  Lord 
High  Chancellorship  of  Great  Britain,  is  reported  to  have  said 
that  in  choosing  the  judges  for  the  English  bench^  he  first  found 
a  gentleman  and  if  he  knew  a  little  law  '^  it  did  not  hurt/'  It  is 
to  be  hoped  that  in  selecting  members  of  conferences  the  new 
diplomacy  may  choose  an  American  to  his  finger-tips  with  the 
certainty  bom  of  experience,  that  a  knowledge  of  international 
law  will  assuredly  help.  It  should  also  be  said,  in  behalf  of 
Mr.  Hughes,  that  it  does  not  hurt  a  Secretary  of  State  to  be  a 
lawyer. 

The  Conference  on  the  Limitation  of  Armament  and  Far 
Eastern  Questions  has  restored  the  prestige  of  the  United  States 
in  international  affairs  and  assured  it  the  moral  leadership  of 
the  world. 

IV.  Conference  of  Washington  on  the  Tacna  and  Arica 

Controversy. 

At  the  moment  of  preparing  this  report  the  City  of  Washing- 
ton is  again  a  centre  to  which  the  eyes  of  statesmen — ^this  time 
of  the  Americas — are  anxiously  and  inquiringly  turned.  The 
representatives  of  Chile  and  Peru  are  appropriately  in  session 
in  the  building  of  the  Pan  American  Union  in  an  attempt,  which 
assuredly  all  Americans  hope  will  be  successful,  to  remove  from 
the  foreign  relations  of  their  respective  countries  the  controversy 
over  the  disposition  of  the  provinces  of  Tacna  and  Arica.  For 
present  purposes  it  will  sufiice  to  say  that  the  Second  Article  of 
the  treaty  of  Ancon  of  October  20, 1883,  ending  the  war  between 
Chile  and  Peru,  which  had  lasted  from  1879  to  1882,  provides 
that 

The  territory  of  the  provinces  of  Tacna  and  Arica. .  .  shall  remain  in 
the  possession  of  Chile,  and  subject  to  Chilean  laws  and  authorities,  dur- 
ing the  term  of  ten  years,  to  be  reckoned  from  the  ratification  of  the 
present  treaty  of  peace.  At  the  expiration  of  that  term  a  plebiscite  shall, 
by  means  of  a  popular  vote,  decide  whether  the  territory  of  the  provinces 
referred  to  is  to  remain  definitely  under  the  dominion  and  sovereignty 
of  Chile,  or  continue  to  form  a  part  of  the  Peruvian  territory.  Which- 
ever of  the  two  countries  in  whose  favor  the  provinces  of  Tacna  and 
Arica  are  to  be  annexed  shall  pay  to  the  other  10,000.000  pesos  in  Chilean 
silver  currency,  or  Peruvian  solee  of  the  same  standard  and  weight. 

A  special  protocol,  which  shall  be  considered  as  an  integral  part  of 
the  present  treatv,  will  establish  the  form  in  which  the  plebiscite  is  to 
take  place,  and  the  conditions  and  periods  of  payment  ot  the  10,000,010 
pesos  by  the  country  which  remains  in  possession  of  the  provinces  of 
Tacna  and  Arica.^ 

Your  committee  feels  that  it  is  unwise  to  make  any  statement 
concerning  the  reasons  which  have  delayed  the  protocol  which, 
when  agreed  to,  was  to  bind  the  two  countries  as  if  it  had  formed 

^Rose  Book  of  Chile,  Washington,  1918,  pp.  62-63. 


350  REPORT  OF   COICMITTBE  ON 

an  integral  part  of  the  original  treaty.  Your  committee  feels 
that  some  statement  should  be  made  concerning  the  matter. 
Therefore  it  quotes  the  following  paragraph  on  the  subject  from 
the  eleventh  edition  of  the  Encyclopcsdia  Britannica  which  ap- 
peared in  1911,  long  before  the  present  negotiations: ^ 

The  period  of  ten  years  originally  agreed  upon  for  the  Chilean  occu- 
pation of  these  provinces  expired  in  1894.  At  that  date  the  peace  of 
rem  was  so  seriously  disturbed  b^  internal  troubles  that  the  govern- 
ment was  quite  unable  to  take  active  steps  to  bring  about  any  solution 
of  the  matter.  After  1894  negotiations  between  the  two  governments 
were  attempted  from  time  to  time,  but  without  any  satisfactory  results. 
The  question  hinged  to  a  great  extent  on  the  qualification  necessary  for 
the  inhabitants  to  vote,  in  the  event  of  a  plebiscite  being  called  to  decide 
whether  Chilean  ownership  was  to  be  finally  established  or  the  provinces 
were  to  revert  to  Peruvian  sovereignty.  Peru  proposed  that  only 
Peruvian  residents  should  be  entitled  to  take  part  in  a  popular. vote; 
Chile  rejected  this  proposition,  on  the  ground  that  all  residents  in  the 
territories  in  question  should  nave  a  voice  in  the  final  decision.  The 
agreement  between  Chile  and  Bolivia,  by  which  the  disputed  provinces 
were  to  be  handed  over  to  the  latter  country  if  Chilean  possession  was 
recognized,  was  also  a  stumbling-block,  a  strong  feeling  existed  amone 
Peruvians  against  this  proceeding.  It  was  not  so  much  the  value  oi 
Tacna  and  Arica  that  put  difficulties  in  the  way  of  a  settlement  as  the 
fact  that  the  national  pride  of  the  Peruvians  ill  brooked  the  idea  of 
permanently  losing  all  claim  to  this  section  of  country. 

While  the  Arms  Conference  was  in  session  in  Washington, 
Chile  and  Peru  took  up  tiie  question  of  Tacna  and  Arica.  The 
countries  in  controversy  intimated  that  an  invitation  to  meet  in 
Washington  would  be  acceptable.  It  was  extended.  Representa- 
tives of  Chile  and  Peru  met  in  the  building  of  the  Pan  American 
Union  on  May  15,  1922,  at  which  place  and  time  Secretary 
Hughes  delivered  an  address  which  states  the  reasons  for  the 
meeting,  the  terms  of  the  invitation  and  the  hopes  entertained 
by  all  men  and  women  of  good  will  of  the  Americas.  It  is, 
therefore,  given  in  full : 

It  is  with  the  utmost  gratification  that  I  extend  to  you  a  cordial 
welcome  to  this  Capital  and  felicitate  you  upon  this  meeting  for  the 
purpose  of  ending  a  long-standing  controversy.  You  will  find  here.  I 
trust,  an  atmosphere  congenial  to  your  endeavors  and  you  cannot  fail 
to  be  impressed  with  the  deep  interest  that  we  feel  in  all  that  pertains 
to  the  welfare  of  Chile  and  Peru  and  of  all  our  sister  Republics  in 
Latin  America.  This  meeting  place,  devoted  to  Pan-American  friend- 
ship, has  the  most  inspiring  memories.  What  has  been  accomplished 
within  these  walls  must  remain  a  lasting  assurance  that  the  most  diffi- 
cult problems  can  be  solved  when  nations  take  counsel  of  the  interests 
of  peace  and  seek  with  united  purpose  a  better  understanding.  Here 
we  have  witnessed  the  astounding  spectacle  of  great  naval  powers 
voluntarily  agreeing  to  scrap  a  large  proportion  of  their  capital  diiips 
and  to  end  the  most  serious  competition  in  naval  armament,  thus  reliev- 
ing their  peoples  of  an  intolerable  burden  and  afifording  convincing 
proof  of  the  absence  of  policies  of  aggression.    Here,  nations  especially 


^  Encycloposdia  Britannica,  1911,  Vol.  XXI,  p.  277. 


INTERNATIONAL  LAW.  351 

interested  in  the  Far  East  have  been  able  to  diapel  apprehenaion  and 
diatnut  and  find  through  their  common  endeavors  a  basis  for  amit^ 
and  cooperation. 

Surely  this  is  an  auspicious  time  to  heal  old  wounds  and  to  end  what* 
ever  differences  may  exist  in  Latin  America,  and  there  could  be  no  more 
agreeable  harbinger  of  a  better  day  and  of  a  lasting  peace  upon  this 
hemisphere  than  the  convening  of  this  conference  of  me  representatives 
of  the  Republics  of  Chile  and  Peru.  I  confpratulate  you  upon  the  high 
purpose  and  the  noble  and  conciliatory  spirit  whidi  nave  animated  both 
Governments  in  the  approach  to  this  meeting  and  upon  the  earnest 
desire  which  both  have  manifested  that  through  this  friendly  inter- 
course a  mutually  satisfactory  settlement  may  be  found.  Permit  me  to 
express  not  only  the  hope  but  the  firm  conviction  that  your  sealous 
and  well-directed  endeavors  dominated  by  this  friendly  spirit  will  be 
crowned  with  complete  success. 

It  may  be  appropriate  for  me  to  repeat  the  terms  of  the  invitation 
extended  by  the  Government  of  the  United  States  to  the  Governments 
of  Chile  and  Peru,  the  acceptance  of  which  has  led  to  this  conference.  I 
had  the  honor,  on  behalf  of  my  Government,  of  addressing  both  Gov- 
ernments as  follows: 

"The  Government  of  the  United  States  through  the  courteiy  of 
the  Ambassadors  of  Chile  and  Peru  in  Washington,  has  been  kept 
informed  of  the  prosress  of  the  recent  negotiations  carried  on 
directly  by  telegraph  between  the  Governments  of  Chile  and  Peni, 
looking  toward  a  settlement  of  the  long-standing  controversy  with 
respect  to  the  unfulfilled  provisions  of  the  Treaty  of  Ancon.  It  has 
noted  with  the  greatest  pleasure  and  satisfaction  the  lofty  spirit 
of  conciliation  which  has  animated  the  two  Governments,  and  that 
as  a  result  of  these  direct  exchanges  of  views,  the  idea  of  arbitra- 
tion of  the  pending  difficulties  is  acceptable  in  princii)le  to  both.  It 
has  also  taken  note  of  the  suggestion  that  representatives  of  the  two 
Governments  be  named  to  meet  in  Washington  with  a  view  to 
finding  the  means  of  settling  the  difficulties  which  have  divided  the 
two  countries. 

''Desiring  in  the  interests  of  American  peace  and  concord  to 
assist,  in  a  manner  agreeable  to  both  Governments  concerned,  in 
finding  a  way  to  end  this  long-standing  controversy,  the  Presiaent 
of  the  United  States  would  be  pleased  to  welcome  in  Wadiington 
the  representatives  which  the  Governments  of  Chile  and  Peru  may 
see  fit  to  appoint,  to  the  end  that  such  representatives  may  settle, 
if  happily  it  may  be,  the  existing  difficulties,  or  may  arrange  for 
the  settlement  of  them  by  arbitration." 

You  have  here  the  privilege  and  responsibility  of  exceptional  oppor- 
tunity. Perhaps  no  event  has  ever  been  contemplated  by  the  American 
Republics  with  deeper  interest  and  more  fervent  hope.  The  only  relief 
for  a  troubled  world  is  in  resort  to  the  processes  of  reason  in  lieu  of 
those  of  force.  Direct  and  candid  interchanges,  a  sincere  desire  to  make 
an  amicable  adjustment,  the  promotion  of  mutual  imderstanding  and 
the  determination  to  avoid  unnecessary  points  of  difference  in  order 
that  attention  may  be  centered  upon  what  is  fair  and  practicable — 
these  are  of  the  essence  of  the  processes  of  reason.  The  pathway  to  an 
enduring  concord  and  to  the  prosperity  of  a  mutual  helpfulness  lies 
open  before  you.  What  is  done  here  will  have  a  lasting  effect  upon  the 
security  and  happiness  of  all  peoples,  inasmuch  as  the  success  of  this 
conference  through  your  agreement  will  not  only  demonstrate  your 
wisdom  and  lofty  conceptions  of  duty,  but  will  furnish  the  world  with  a 
needed  and  inspiring  example  of  the  practice  of  peace. 

12 


35^.  INTBBNATIONAIi  IiAW. 

The  Government  of  the  United  Statee  gives  you  welcome  and  God- 
speed. 

Your  Standing  Committee  on  International  Law  believes  that 
the  world  can  be  saved  from  its  material  troubles  only  by  the 
substitution  of  the  rule  of  law  for  the  rule  of  force.  It  sees  in 
the  achievements  of  the  past  year  a  justification  of  the  resump- 
tion of  the  orderly  processes  of  development  which  preceded  the 
World  War,  and  which  would  have  prevented  its  outbreak  if  good 
faith  had  kept  the  upper  hand  of 

Vaulting  ambition,  which  overleaps  itself. 

James  Brown  S'oott, 
Oeobob  Suthbblakd, 
Thomas  Burkb, 
Eathbyn  Sellers. 


1. 


REPORT 

Of  . 

COMMITTEE  ON  INSURANCE  LAW. 

To  ih^  American  Bar  Association: 

The  American  Bar  Association  has  maintained  a  committee  on 
insurance  law  for  more  than  20  years.  The  creation  of  the  com- 
mittee came  through  the  realization  of  the  Association  of  the 
conflict  and  woeful  lack  of  harmony  in  the  laws  and  rules  enacted 
and  promulgated  in  the  aeveral  states  regulating  the  business  of 
insurance.  Each  state,  from  time  to  time  in  a  long  series  of 
years,  had  established  special  laws  and  regulations  which  at  the 
various  times  seemed  needful.  These  special  laws  and  depart- 
mental rules  in  each  state  were  made  with  little  or  no  regard  for 
the  laws  and  rules  of  other  states.  They  were  made  with  little  or 
no  comprehension  of  the  business  of  insurance  as  being  or  becomr 
ing  an  interstate  or  inter-nation  institution  whose  ramifications 
proceed  from  a  central  office  throughout  the  co\intry  or  through- 
out the  world.  The  result  was  40-K)dd  sets  of  patchwork^  of 
inconsistent,  conflicting  and  retaliatory  laws  and  rules,  each  let- 
tering  in  its  own  way  tiie  spread  of  operations  of  a  business  that 
should  be  encouraged  and  left  untrammeled  except  in  so  far  as  the 
protection  and  security  of  the  insuring  public  call  for  restriction 
and  regulation.  If  it  were  possible  there  should  be  but  one  sys- 
tem of  rules  and  regulations  for  the  institution  of  insurance,  now 
so  essential  an  element  in  all  commercial,  industrial  and  domestic 
affairs. 

This  committee  was  impressed  with  the  hampering  effect  of 
these  conflicting  state  laws  on  insurance  companies,  and  the 
inefficiency  of  the  state  laws  in  a  wholesome  control  over  their 
operations  and  consequent  injury  and  lack  of  protection  of  the 
people  insured.  Naturally,  therefore,  the  first  impulse  of  the 
committee  was  to  substitute  one  federal  system  of  regulating  laws 
for  all  companies  doing  interstate  business,  to  be  administered 
by  one  federal  insurance  department  and  the  abolition  of  all  state 
'laws  and  state  insurance  departments  except  in  so  far  as  such 
state  laws  and  departm^ts  might  be  retained  for  the  regulation 
of  insurance  companies  which  confined  their  operations  to  the 
state. 

The  idea  of  a  federal  insurance  code  and  federal  insuirance 
department  was  the  subject  of  extended  consideration  by  the  com- ' 
nuttee  for  several  years.    All  members  of  the  committee  seem  to 

(363) 


354:  &EPOET  OF   COMMITTEE  ON 

have  strongly  favored  a  federal  code  and  federal  department  in 
substitution  for  all  state  laws  and  state  departments^  as  a  matter 
of  practical  expedience.  The  members  of  the  committee  dis- 
agreed, however,  on  the  power  of  the  Congress  to  so  control  the 
operations  of  insurance  companies.  Some  members  of  the  com- 
mittee considered  that  as  insurance  has  been  declared  not  within 
the  commerce  clause  of  the  Constitution,  Congress  had  no  such 
power,  other  members  being  of  opinion  that  it  was  within  the 
power  of  Congress. 

Upon  a  divided  report  of  the  committee,  the  Association  re- 
fused to  recommend  to  Congress  the  enactment  of  such  a  federal 
law.  This  action  of  the  Association  was  solely  upon  the  ground 
that  such  a  law  was  not  within  the  powers  granted  to  Congress 
by  the  Constitution,  but  with  the  expressed,  clear  apprehensions 
of  the  evils  flowing  from  the  operation  of  the  many  conflicting 
and  inharmonious  laws  of  the  several  states,  and  the  desire  that 
the  Associaticm  should  take  some  action  tending  to  promote 
harmony  between  the  laws  and  rules  of  the  several  states. 

This  committee  and  the  Association  have  realized  that,  on  ac- 
count of  the  traditions,  historical  settings  and  other  peculiarities 
incident  to  the  insurance  laws  of  each  state,  it  would  not  be 
possible  n^w  to  have  an  absolute  uniform  code  of  regulations 
adopted  in  every  state,  or  in  any  considerable  number  of  states. 
Therefore,  it  was  proposed  that  ^  code  should  be  prepared  which 
in  whole  or  in  its  several  parts  might  be  a  model  whidi  the  legisla- 
tures of  the  several  states  may  follow  in  any  amendments, 
revisions  or  codifications  of  the  laws.  The  Committee  on  the 
District  of  Columbia  of  the  National  Senate  then  had  under 
consideration  the  subject  of  a  code  of  insurance  laws  of  the 
District  of  Columbia.  In  a  conference  of  the  Senate  Committee 
and  this  committee,  the  Senate  Committee  urged  that  the  Ameri- 
can Bar  Association  prepare  a  code  of  insurance  regulations 
which  might  be  a  model  for  the  several  states,  and  which  the 
Congress  might  enact  for  the  District  of  Columbia.  Thereupon 
the  Association  directed  this  committee  to  prepare  such  code. 
After  deliberations  extending  over  several  years,  during  which 
five  several  printed  tentative  drafts  were  published,  criticized, 
changed  and  revised,  the  committee  submitted  its  code  to  the 
Association.  The  Association  adopted  it  and  recommended  it 
as  a  guide  in  such  legislation  in  the  several  states,  and  instructed 
this  committee  to  submit  it  to  the  Congress  and  urge  its  enactmenf 
into  law  for  the  regulation  of  insurance  in  the  District  of 
Columbia.. 

The  bill  was  introduced  in  the  Sixty-sixth  Congress  and  was 
discliBfled  by  the  Senate  Committee  on  the  District  of  Columbia, 
but  on  account  of  other  matters  of  more  momentous  importance 
oonsideration  of  the  bill  was  deferred  and  no  action  was  taken. 


INSUBAKOB  LAW.  355 

The  same  bill  was  intioduced  in  the  Sixty-Seyenth  Congress 
where  it  is  pending  as  Senate  Bill  No.  2229^,  by  Senator  Pomerene. 
This  conmuttee  has  no  knowledge  of  any  objection  being  urged 
against  the  code  since  its  adoption  by  the  Association^  or  of  any 
opposition  to  the  bill  pending  in  Congress^  and  the  committee  has 
been  led  to  believe  that  it  would  be  enacted  into  law  so  soon  as 
other  graver  matters  may  permit  of  attention  to  it  by  Congress. 

The  code  has  fulfilled  the  purpose  of  this  committee,  and  of 
the  Association,  for  it  has  been  used  as  a  guide  and,  to  some 
extent,  as  a  model  for  those  interested  in  preparing  and  consider- 
ing insurance  codes  and  in  the  preparation  and  consideration  of 
bifis  regulating  some  particular  subjects  or  phases  of  insurance. 

On  behalf  of  the  committee  on  insurance  law,  I  move  that  the 
committee  be  instructed  to  continue  furnishing  copies  of  the 
code  and  information  relating  to  it  to  those  interested  in  such 
legislation  in  the  several  states,  and  that  the  committee  urge  upon 
the  Congress  the  enactment  of  the  code  into  law  for  the  regulation 
of  insurance  in  the  District  of  Columbia. 

A.  I.  VORYS, 

Ashley  Cockrill, 
_  James  C.  Jones, 

Jakes  B.  Kerr, 

SOOTT    M.    liOFTIN. 


OF  THB 

STANDING  COMMITTEE  ON  JURISPRUDENCE  AND  LAW 

REFORM. 

To  the  American  Bar  Assodaiion: 

Your  Committee  on  Jurisprudence  and  Law  Reform  respect- 
fully reports  as  follows : 

There  are  bills  pending  in  Congress  upon  six  subjects  which 
have  been  considered  by  this  committee  and  which  have  been  in 
various  forms  considered  by  the  Association.  These  are  as 
follows : 

1.  Thb  Bill  Bblatiko  to  Dsolaeatoby  Judghbkts. 

This  subject  was  dealt  with  in  our  reports  of  1920  and  1921. 
After  very  dareful  consideration  of  the  subject^  and  conference 
with  other  members  of  the  Association,  we  came  to  the  conclusion 
that  the  bill  originally  proposed  by  the  committee  and  of  which  a 
copy  (Exhibit  C)  is  annexed  to  our  report  for  1921  should  be 
amended  and  we  prepared  an  amendment  which  is  embodied  in 
H.  R.  10143.  A  copy  is  annexed  marked  A.  This  was  introduced 
in  the  House  of  Representatives  by  Mr.  Moores,  of  Indiana,  who 
is  a  member  of  the  committee.  The  subject  was  very  carefully 
considered  at  the  hearings  before  the  Judiciary  Committee  of  the 
Senate,  February  20,  1922,  and  the  Judiciary  Committee  of  the 
House  on  the  following  day.  Some  of  the  Senators  pointed  out 
that  by  legislation  in  some  of  the  states,  or  by  local  practice,  some 
of  the  objects  to  be  secured  by  the  bill  could  be  obtained  under 
the  existing  practice.  But  it  is  clear  that  there  are  many  bene- 
ficial purposes  subserved  by  this  practice  of  rendering  declaratory 
judgments  in  countries  where  it  prevails,  which  could  not  be 
obtained  under  any  practice  now  existing  in  the  United  States. 
We  have  pointed  out  this  to  the  Judiciary  Committee  and  annex 
a  brief  statement  of  some  of  them  to  this  report,  marked  B. 

2.  Writs  of  Ebbor  and  Appeals. 

The  bill  on  this  subject  abolishing  writs  of  error  and  giving 
the  remedy  by  appeal  in  all  cases  where  there  is  a  right  of  review, 
has  been  amended  by  the  Judiciary  Committee  of  the  Senate  and 

(356) 


jrUBIBPBUDBNOB  AN1>  LAW  SEFOBK.  357 

as  amended  has  been  favorably  reported.    We  annex  a  copy  of  the 
bill  as  reported  to  the  Senate,  marked  C. 

8.  Rbmoval  of  Casbs  to  thb  Federal  Courts. 

This  subject  has  been  under  consideration  by  the  Association 
since  1919  and  is  dealt  with  in  the  report  of  the  committee  to 
suggest  remedies,  etc,  which  was  presented  in  1919.  The  bill 
recommended  by  the  committee  in  1921  is  Exhibit  A  annexed  to 
the  report  of  that  year.  This  subject  has  elicited  much  interest, 
owing  to  the  conflict  of  the  decisions  in  the  different  circuits. 
There  is  certainly  much  ambiguity  in  the  statutes  which  the 
Supreme  Court  has  said  could  only  be  removed  by  Congress.  The 
consideration  thus  given  to  the  subject  has  led  the  committee  to 
recommend  an  amendment  to  the  bill  of  which  a  copy  was 
reported  in  1921.    This  bill  is  S.  1011,  H.  R.  10142. 

When  this  matter  was  under  consideration  by  the  Judiciary 
Conmaittee  of  the  Senate,  they  requested  this  committee  to  draw  a 
bill  which  should  embody  in  a  federal  statute^  the  rule  as  to  the 
districts  in  which  suits  for  personal  injuries  should  be  brought 
which  was  adopted  during  the  federal  control  of  railroads.  We 
complied  with  this  request  and  prepared  a  new  section  which  we 
propose  as  Section  5d-A  to  be  ineoi^rated  in  the  Judicial  Code. 
This  amendment  has  been  submitted  by  us  to  the  Judiciary  Com- 
mittee of  the  Senate  and  is  under  consideration  by  them. 

We  annex  a  copy  of  this  bill  in  this  amended  form,  marked  D. 

4.  Treaty  Bights  of  Aliens. 

The  bill  on  this  subject  which  was  approved  by  the  Association 
in  the  year  1920  and  of  which  a  copy  is  annexed  to  the  report  for 
that  year,  was  introduced  in  the  Senate  by  Senator  Kellogg  and 
is  S.  1942.  The  same  subject  is  dealt  with  in  the  Anti-Lynching 
Bill,  H.  R.  13,  which  passed  the  House  and  is  now  before  the 
Senate.  Section  7  of  that  bill  as  to  the  treaty  rights  of  aliens  is 
so  separable  from  the  subject  of  lynching,  which  is  the  main 
purpoite  of  the  bill,  that  constitutional  objections  to  federal 
legislation  against  lynching  have  no  application  to  the  section 
enablinff  the  federal  courts  more  efficiently  to  secure  the  treaty 
rights  of  aliens.  If  the  bill  should  be  passed,  we  are  of  the  opinion 
that  Section  7,  which  deals  with  the  latter  subject,  would  be 
valid  in  any  case.  There  seems  no  doubt  of  the  power  of  Congress 
to  pass  laws  enforcing  the  provisions  of  valid  treaties  which  are 
dedared  by  the  Constitution  to  be  the  supreme  law  of  the  land. 

5.    Loss  OF  Civil  Bights. 

The  bill  on  this  subject,  recommended  by  this  committee  in 
1921,  a  copy  of  which  is  embodied  in  our  report  for  that  year  and 


358  REPOBT  OF   8TANDIN0  COMKITTEB  OK 

which  was  approved  by  the  Association,  has  been  introduced  in 
the  present  Congress  and  is  S.  1546,  and  H.  B.  5030.  On  this 
subject  also  the  committee  has  had  a  hearing,  but  at  the  date  of 
this  report  no  action  has  been  taken  in  either  House* 

6.    Pleas  op  Quilty. 

Senator  Nelson  has  introduced  a  bill,  S.  3245,  which  would 
facilitate  the  practice  in  the  federal  courts  in  reference  to 
pleas  of  guilty.  In  some  of  the  circuits  persons  accused  of  crime 
who  are  willing  to  plead  guilty,  are  often  detained  in  confine- 
ment for  a  considerable  period  before  their  cases  can  be  brought 
before  the  court,  the  plea  received  and  sentence  imposed.  The 
senator  informs  us  that  this  bill  is  modelled  from  one  that  is 
enforced  in  Minnesota  which  has  worked  well  there.  The  com- 
mittee at  his  request  have  considered  the  subject  and  in  our 
opinion  the  bill  embodies  a  desirable  reform. 

The  new  subjects  which  have  been  referred  to  this  committee 
during  the  current  year  and  concerning  which  no  recent  action  has 
been  taken  by  the  Association  are  as  follows : 

1.  Fbbs  and  Expenses  in  the  Federal  Courts. 

The  committee  was  led  to  take  up  this  subject  by  a  speech  of 
Senator  Norris  delivered  in  the  Senate  in  April,  1922,  m  which 
he  declared  that  .the  expense  of  litigation  in  the  federal  courts 
was  much  greater  than  it  was  in  the  state  courts.  He  referred  to 
declarations  by  President  Taft  before  he  became  Chief  Justice 
and  by  Senator  Boot  in  which  the  expense  of  litigation  was 
referred  to  as  a  heavy  burden  upon  the  poor,  and  in  which  the 
importance  of  improved  procedure  was  emphasized.  These 
declarations  were  made  before  the  passage  of  the  act  which  has 
been  recommended  by  the  Association  and  which  was  approved 
February  26,  1919,  C.  48  (Supplement,  Barnes  Federal  Code, 
Chapter  11,  Section  1043),  and  which  requires  the  court  to  give 
judgment  upon  the  entire  record  ^^  without  regard  to  technical 
errors,  defects,  or  exceptions  which  do  not  affect  the  substantial 
rights  of  the  parties.'^  Senator  Norris  did  not  refer  to  this  act. 
It  has  undoubtedly  diminished  the  delay  and  expense  in  the 
federal  courts  and  as  it  becomes  better  understood  and  more 
efficiently  enforced,  the  advantage  will  be  increased. 

There  is  one  source  of  expense  to  litigants  in  the  federal 
courts  which  is  generally  absent  in  the  state  courts ;  that  is  to  say 
in  many  state  courts  there  are  official  stenographers  paid  by  the 
public.  In  the  federal  courts  stenographers  are  paid  by  the  liti- 
gants. The  committee  recommended  and  the  Association  of  1910 
approved  the  recommendation  of  a  bill  to  authorize  the  appoint-' 


JX7BIBPRTJDSN0B  AND  LAW  BBFORH.  869 

ment  of  stenographers  in  the  federal  courts  (Reports,  American 
Bar  Association,  1909,  pp.  585,  605,  608;  Ibid.,  1910,  pp.  622, 
623),  their  salaries  to  be  paid  as  those  of  judges  are  paid.  The 
committee  was  heard  before  the  Judiciary  Committee  of  Con- 
gress upon  this  bill.  It  encountered  opposition  from  the  stenog- 
ra]f»hers  Union.  The  representative  of  that  union  expressed  un- 
willingness to  have  their  compensation  determined  by  the  judges. 
So  far  as  we  are  advised,  no  action  was  taken  by  the  Congressional 
Committee  on  that  subject.  Our  committee  has  recently  re- 
quested the  introduction,  of  the  same  bill,  amended  so  as  to 
conform  to  the  reorganization  of  the  federal  courts,  and  we 
hope  in  this  way  to  remove  one  just  cause  of  complaint 

The  subject  of  fees  for  services  rendered  by  officials  in  the 
federal  courts  was  then  taken  up  by  this  committee.  It  appeared 
that  in  many  states  the  complaint  of  the  senator  that  official  fees 
were  higher  in  the  federal  courts  than  they  were  in  the  state 
courts  was  well  founded.  (Chapter  17  of  Barnes  Federal  Code, 
pp.  272-289,  is  entitled  ''Fees  and  Compensation  of  Officers/' 
Section  1141  leaves  to  each  Circuit  Court  of  Appeals  the  fixing 
of  costs  and  fees  in  that  courts  Section  1145  fixes  the  fees  of 
clerks.  Section  1147  fixes  the  fees  of  marshals.  Fees  in  bank- 
ruptcy cases  are  fixed  by  the  Act  of  July  1, 1898,  Sees.  48, 52, 30th 
Stat.  559,  Barnes,  Sections  9132,  9136.) 

The  annual  report  of  the  Attorney-General  for 

1921,  page  145,  gives  the  entire  expense  of 

the  United  States  Courts  at $11,402,808.96. 

On  page  144  are  the  items  ''  received  earnings  ^ 

from  individual  and  corporations  by  United 

States  Marshals,  Exhibit  6,  pp.  422-425. . .  $217,429.62. 
''Earnings  from  individuals  and  corporations 

of  United  States  District  Courts '' $857,289.67. 

The  total  of  the  receipts  for  fees  is $1,074,719.29. 

We  learn  from  the  Attorney-General  that  the  expenditures  thus 
specified  "  cover  the  entire  expenses  of  the  federal  courts.**  Pre- 
vious acts  which  permitted  "  certain  officers  to  utilize  earnings  for 
compensation  and  expenses,  have  been  superseded  by  the  Acts  of 
May  28,  1896,  and  February  26,  1919,  all  earnings  being  now 
covered  into  the  Treasury,  with  the  exception  of  the  earnings  of 
clerks  of  United  States  Circuit  Courts  of  Appeals  and  certain 
revenues  in  Alaska  which  are  utilized  for  court  expenses/' 

A  bill  to  diminish  the  expense  of  proceedings  on  appeal  and 
writs  of  error,  was  proposed  by  the  committee  and  recommended 
by  the  Association  m  1909  (Beports,  American  Bar  Association, 
1909,  pp.  587,  609 ;  Ibid.,  1910,  p.  622).  This  bill  was  amended 
in  Congress  and  in  its  amended  form  passed  and  was  approved 
February  13,  1911,  (35  Stat.  901;  Barnes  Federal  Code,  Sec. 


360  BJBPOBT  OF  STANDING  OOICMITTSB  ON 

1395).  The  Attorney-General  in  his  laat  report  (page  4)  states 
that  the  language  of  this  act  as  it  passed  is  ambiguous  and  has 
resulted  in  much  confusioli  in  the  matter  of  fees  and  other 
charges.  The  Attorney-General  informed  us  that  Congress  has 
attempted  no  action  upon  his  recommendation  for  an  amendment 
to  this  statute.  Your  committee  is  engaged  in  examining  the 
subject  and  hopes  to  be  able  to  aid  in  removing  the  ambiguity 
complained  of. 

2.  Injunctions. 

A  bill  H.  B.  10212,  was  introduced  in  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives by  Mr.  Bachaxach,  of  New  Jersey,  January  31,  1922. 
This  bill  provides  "  that  no  district  or  circuit  court  of  the  United 
States  or  judges  thereof,  shall  have  jurisdiction  to  entertain  any 
bill  ef  complaint  to  suspend  or  restrain  the  enforcement,  oper^ 
ation  or  execution  of  any  order  made  by  any  administrative  board 
or  commission  in  any  state,  acting  under  and  pursuant  to  the 
statutes  of  such  state,  where  such  order  was  made  after  hearings 
upon  notice,  nor  to  entertain  jurisdiction  of  any  bill  of  complaint 
to  suspend  or  restrain  the  enforcement,  operation  or  execution  of 
the  statute  under  which  such  order  was  made  in  anv  case  where, 
under  the  statute  df  that  state,  provision  is  made  for  a  judicial 
review  of  such  order  upon  the  law  and  the  facts.''  There  is  a 
proviso  that  the  bill  shall  not  apply  to  matters  affecting  inter- 
state commerce.  This  subject  of  injunction  was  dealt  with  by  the 
committee  in  1913.  (Reports,  American  Bar  Association,  1913, 
pp.  555,  561,  575 ;  Ibid.,  1914,  pp.  578-584.  In  these  reports  the 
committee  undertook  to  vindicate  the  existing  law  in  reference  to 
injunctions  and  the  practice  imder  it.  Without  repeating  aU 
that  was  said  in  these  reports^  we  quote  from  Report  of  1913, 
Ibid.,  1913,  pp.  559-561: 

This  complaint  against  injunctions  is  really  the  direct  reverse  of  the 
complaint  which  is  also  common,  that  l^al  procedure  is  technical  aiui 
dilatory.  The  procedure  in  injunction  cases  is  neither.  Either  party  is. 
at  liberty  to  put  in  any  evidence  it  diooses  without  retcard  to  the 
technical  rules  which  prevail  in  the  ordinary  trial  of  causes,  and  the 
hearing  is  speedy.  The  whole  arsenal  of  technical  points  by  which  cases 
are  often  procrastinated  is  of  no  avail  here. 

The  true  purpose  of  an  injunction  is  to  prevent  irreparable  injury. 
This  may  mean  either  injury  that  in  the  strict  sense  <d  the  word  eannoi 
in  any  way  be  made  good,  or  an  injury  the  consequences  of  which  will 
be  such  that  the  damage  consequent  upon  it  cannot  be  accurately 
adjusted,  and  so  cannot  oe  compensated  by  any  money  payment.  In 
theory,  the  injunction  is  the  defense  of  the  weak  against  the  strooff. 
Conditions  of  society  are  such  that  some  men  have  power  far  greater 
than  others.  This  power  may  come  from  their  greater  wealth.  It  may 
come  from  their  organization  and  discipline.  But  from  whatever  source 
it  is  detived,  the  fact  of  the  power  remains.  Without  the  rifikt  of 
injunction  it  would  be  perfectly  possible  for  such  persons  to  commit 
wrongs  against  their  fellow  citisens  and  then,  having  attained  the  object 
they  desu'e,  sit  down  and  calmly  await  the  result  of  an  action  for 


JUBI8FBX7DXNCB  AND  LAW  BEFOBIC.  361 

damagefl.  In  defendizig  such  an  action,  all  the  delays  which  are  poanble 
under  our  flystem  of  iurisprudence  would  be  availed  of,  every  technical 
objection  woidd  be  taken ;  every  possible  appeal  would  be  resorted  to. 
In  many  cases  the  plaintiff  would  not  have  the  pecuniary  means  to 
prosecute  the  suit  to  a  conclusion;  in  many  others  the  burden  of  con- 
testing it  would  be  so  great  that  he  would  relinquish  the  contest  and  the 
aggressor  would  remain  in  possession  of  the  field.  Under  our  present 
system,  when  sudi  an  injury  is  threatened,  the  party  who  has  reason  to 
apprehend  it  may  apply  to  the  court  and  obtain  an  order  immediately 
lomidding  the  aggressor  to  commit  the  wrong  and  requiring  him  to 
show  cause  why  he  should  not  be  permanently  forbidden  to  commit  it 
during  the  pendency  of  the  suit.  The  hearing  in  such  a  case  is  prompt. 
The  evidence,  it  is  true,  is  by  affidavit  and  not  subject  to  cross- 
OEamination,  but  in  point  of  fact,  the  actual  facts  of  the  ease  are  generally 
presented  to  the  court.  Both  parties  are  heard  by  counsel  ^nd  the 
court  promptly  passes  upon  their  rights.  In  case  of  doubt,  the  injtmction 
is  refiued.  But  if  the  plaintiff  has  made  out  a  clear  case,  it  is  granted. 
The  asgressor  stiU  has  the  right  to  a  full  trial  in  ordinary  course,  with 
the  ri^t  of  cross-examination  of  ^e  adversary's  witnesses.  But  in  nine 
cases  out  of  ten  he  does  not  avail  of  this  right.  The  injunction  has 
defeated  his  nefarious  attempt  to  injure  or  destroy  some  one  who  for 
some  reason  he  wishes  to  assail,  and  he  gives  up  the  contest.* 

We  cannot  close  this  |>art  of  our  report  better  than  by  quoting  from 
the  language  of  Mr.  Justice  Brewer  in  an  address  delivered  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y^  November  23,  1909. 

"  When  the  choice  is  between  redress  or  prevention  of  injury  by 
force  and  by  peaceful  process,  the  law  is  well  pleased  if  the  individual 
will  consent  to  waive  his  nght  to  the  use  of  force  and  await  its 
action.    (In  re  Debs,  158  U.  8.  583.)  ,  I 

"Government  by  injunction  has  been  an  object  of  esgy  denun^ 
ciation.  So  far  from  restricting  its  power,  there  never  was  a  time 
when  its  restricted  and  vigorous  exercise  was  worth  more  to  the 
nation  and  for  the  best  interests  of  all.  As  population  becomes  more 
dense,  as  business  interests  multiply  and  crowd  eadi  other,  the 
restraining  power  of  a  court  of  equity  is  of  far  greater  importance 
than  a  pimishing  power  of  a  criminal  law.  The  best  scientific  thought 
of  the  day  is  along  the  lines  of  prevention  rather  than  those  of 
cure.  We  aim  to  stay  the  spread  of  epidemics  rather  than  to 
permit  them  to  run  their  course  and  attend  solely  to  the  work  of 
curing  the  sick.  And  shall  it  be  said  of  the  law,  which  claims  to  be 
the  perfection  of  reason  and  to  express  the  highest  thought  of  the 
day,  that  it  no  longer  aims  to  prevent  the  wrong  but  limits  its 
action  to  the  matter  of  punishment? 

^To  take  away  the  eouitable  power  of  restraining  wrong  is  a 
step  backward  toward  barbarism  rather  than  a  step  forward  toward 

a  higher  civilisation Courts  make  misCkkes  in  granting 

injunctions.  8o  the^  do  in  other  orders  and  decrees.  Shall  the 
judicial  power  be  taken  away  because  of  their  occasional  mi^bakes7 
The  argument  would  lead  to  the  total  abolition  of  Uie  judicial 
function.'* 

The  actum  of  the  committee  expressed  in  these  reports  was 
approved  by  the  Association. 

Three  hearings  have  been  had  upon  this  bill.  At  one  of  these^ 
a  member  of  this  committee,  Mr.  Harriman,  attended  and  pointed 
out  the  objections  to  it  upon  the  grounds  referred  to  in  these 
previous  reports.    The  Chairman  also  presented  a  similar  state- 


862  RBPORT  OF  STANDING  OOMMITTBB  ON 

* 

ment.  After  conBiderin^  the  gnbject  caTefuUy,  this  committee 
unanimously  voted  that  it  disapproved  the  bill.  Information  as 
to  this  vote  has  been  presented  to  the  Judiciary  Committee  of  the 
House  which  has  had  the  matter  under  consideration. 

3.  Stockholders  Suits. 

Complaint  has  been  made  to  this  committee  that  the  law  on 
this  subject  was  in  an  unsatisfactory  condition  and  adapted  to 
encourage  suits  brought  in  the  interest  of  attorneys  and  not  for 
the  real  benefit  of  clients.  Your  committee  still  has  the  subject 
under  consideration  and  will  welcome  suggestions  regarding  it 
from  members  of  the  Association. 

4.  Increasing  the  Number  op  Judges  in  the  Supreme  Court. 

This  subject  was  dealt  with  in  our  last  report.  A  bill  has  been 
introduced  in  Congress  (S.  3164,  H.  B.  10479)  which  undertakes 
to  deal  with  the  congestion  in  the  docket  of  the  Supreme  Court 
by  limitin|r  the  right  of  appeal  to  that  tribunal.  In  effect,  under 
the  provisions  of  this  bill,  the  review  of  decisions,  in  almost  aU 
cases,  of  any  circuit  court  of  appeals  would  be  by  certiorari  or  a 
certificate  from  the  Circuit  Court  of  Appeals.  It  is  understood 
that  this  bill  has  the  approval  of  the  justices  of  the  Supreme 
Court. 

Your  committee  has  considered  this  bill  and  approved  it  with 
the  amendment  as  to  writs  of  error,  before  mentioned. 

5.  Jurisdiction  op  the  Federal  Courts  in  Actions  por 

Personal  Injitries. 

Your  committee  was  requested  by  the  Judiciaiy  Committee  of 
the  Senate  to  draw  an  act  which  would  put  in  the  form  of  law,  a 
rule  similar  to  that  which  existed  during  the  period  of  the  federal 
control  of  railroads.  President  Severance  has  joined  in  the 
request  and  we  have  accordingly  drawn  an  amendment  which  we 
think  might  be  very  well  added  to  our  bill  (H.  R.  10142)  in 
reference  to  Bemoval  of  Causes.  A  copy  of  this  bill  thus  amended 
is  appended,  marked  D.  The  reason  given  by  the  committee  is 
that  ambulance  chasers  in  different  parts  of  the  country  get  hold 
of  parties  who  have  been 'injured  in  railroad  accidents,  and  in 
some  way  secure  jurisdiction  over  railroads  half  way  across  the 
continent  from  the  place  they  operate,  and  bring  suits.  The  bad 
effects  of  this  are  two-fold — ^first,  the  defendant  is  embarrassed 
in  having  to  try  its  case  in  a  foreign  jurisdiction,  in  many  cases  a 
great  distance  from  where  its  witnesses  are  avidlable ;  and^  second, 
it  is  an  imposition  upon  the  foreign  jurisdiction  to  maintain 
courts  for  the  trial  of  cases  that  do  not  arise  i^i  the  district;  and 
which  have  no  natural  connection  therewith* 


JUBISPBUDBNOB  AND  LAW  BBFOBK.  SOS 

We  recommend  for  adoption  the  following  resolutions : 

Resolved,  That  this  Aasociation  approves  the  action  of  the  Committee 
on  Jurisprudence  and  Law  Reform,  detailed  in  the  foregoing  report. 

Resolved,  That  this  Association  instructs  the  said  conmiittee  to  con* 
tinue  to  promote  the  passage  of  the  bills  mentioned  in  said  report, 
which  have  had  the  approval  of  said  committee. 

All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 

Everett  P.  Wheeler,  Chairman, 
Hbxby  W.  Taft, 
Thomas  J.  O'Doknsll, 

J.  F.  LouaHBOROUOH, 

Samuel  T.  Douglas, 
Egbert  P.  Shick, 
John  B.  Hardin, 
Tore  Tbigen, 
William  Hunter, 
Merrill  Moores, 
Luoibn  Hugh  Alexander, 
Nathan  W.  MaoChesney, 
Frank  H.  Noroross, 
Oeorgb  E.  Beers, 
Edward  A.  Harrihan, 

Cofnmiitee. 

August  18, 192^. 

Mr.  O'Donnell  asks  that  it  be  distinctly  stated  that  in  his 
judgment  the  Anti-Lynching  Bill  is  unconstitutional  and  an 
insidious  attempt  to  aggrandise  federal  power,  already  grossly 
overgrown.  He  would  prefer  that  l^slation  to  protect  the  treaty 
rights  of  Aliens  should  be  in  a  separate  bill  as  recommended  by 
the  Association. 

The  committee  was  not  asked  to  consider  the  Anti-Lynchinff 
Bill  until  it  was  too  late  for  us  to  confer  upon  this  subject,  and 
the  portion  of  the  report  relating  to  it  expresses  no  approval  of 
the  bill. 

A- 
H.  R.  10143. 

A  BILL 

•  *  •       • 

To  Amend  the  Judicial  Code  by  Adding  a  New  Section  to 

BE  Numbered  274D. 

Be  ii  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Represeniaiives  of  the 
United  States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled,  Thiat  the  Judicial  Code 
approved  March  3^  1911,  is  hereby  amended  by  adding  after  Section  2K740 
to^'eofk  a  new  section  to  be  Dumbisred  274D,  as  foUows: 

Section  274D  (1)  In  cases  of  actual  controveray  in  which  if  suits  were 
ijrought  the  courts  of  the  United  States  would  have  jurisdiction,  the 
said  courts  upon  petition  shall  have  jurisdiction  to  declare  rights  and 
other  le^l  relations  on  request  of  interested  parties  for  such  declaration)^ 


S5i  REPOBT  OF   STANDING  OOMMITTEB  ON 

whether  or  not  further  relief  is  or  could  be  priced,  and  such  declarations 
shall  have  the  force  of  final  decree  and  be  reviewfli>ie  as  such. 

(2)  Further  relief  based  on  declaratory  decree  may  be  granted  whenever 
necessarjr  or  proper.  The  application  shall  be  by  petition  to  a  court 
having  jurisdiction  to  grant  the  relief.  If  the  application  be  deemed 
sufficient  the  court  shall,  on  reasonable  notice,  require  any  adverse  party 
whose  riffhts  have  been  adjudicated  by  the  declaration,  to  show  cause 
why  further  relief  should  not  be  granted  forthwith. 

(3)  When  a  declaration  of  right  or  the  granting  of  further  relief  based 
thereon  shall  involve  the  determination  of  issues  of  fact  triable  by  a 
jury,  such  issues  may  be  submitted  to  a  juiy  in  the  form  of  interroga- 
tories,  with  proper  instructions  by  the  court,  whether  a  general  veitliet 
be  required  or  not. 

(4)  The  Supreme  Court  may  adopt  rules  for  the  better  enforcement 
and  regulation  of  this  provision. 

B. 

CASES  IN  WHICH  THE  ENGLISH  COUHTS  HAVE 
GRANTED  DECLARATORY  RELIEF.* 

A  declaration  us  to  an  employer's  future  rights  tmder  an  agreement 
for  service.    Thompson  Bros.  &  Co.  V9.  Amis  (1917),  a  Ch.  211. 

Whether  certain  debentures  issued  by  a  company  were  valid.  In  re 
North  Eastern  Insurance  Co.  (1919),  1  (jh.  198. 

Declaration  to  determine  whether  a  payment  of  £200  per  annum  "  free 
of  all  duties"  was  free  from  income  tax.  Pratt  vs.  Gamble  (1917), 
2  Ch.  140.   Affirmed  (1917),  2  Ch.  401. 

Action  by  a  company  to  have  one  Green  and  not  one  Hopkinson  de- 
clared the  owner  of  certain  stock  therein.  In  re  Indo  China  Steam 
NavigaUon  Co.  (1917),  2  Ch.  100. 

Action  to  determine  who  were  entitled  to  funds  in  a  company  no 
longer  of  service  to  the  contributors  thereto.  Robson  V9.  Attorney- 
General  (1917),  2  Ch.  18. 

Action  by  a  riiareholder  against  the  compaziy  for  a  declaration  as  to 
his  share  of  the  profits  for  certain  years.  Evling  va,  Israel  ic  Oppenheimer 
(1918),  1  Ch.  101. 

Question  whether  a  tenant  holding  over  under  a  lease  for  a  year  and  a 
fraction  could  have  his  tenancy  terminated  by  a  notice  expiring  on  the 
date  the  tenancy  was  entered  into  or  on  the  date  it  terminated.  Croft  vt. 
filay  (1919),  1  Ch.  277. 

Plaintiff  engaged  a  manager  at  an  annual  salary  plus  commission  on 
the  ''net  profits"  of  the  year.  It  sought  a  declaration  whether  com- 
mission should  be  on  "net  profits"  before  or  after  excess  duty  to 
Crown  was  deducted.  Patent  Castings  Indicate,  Lt.  vs.  Etherington 
(1919),  1  Ch.  306. 

Declaration  whether  a  notice  dismissing  a  teacher  and  refusing  to  pay 
further  salary  was  vatid  under  the  circumstances  stated.  Martin  vs. 
Eccldi.   Corporation  (1919),  1  Ch.  387. 

Husband  and  wife  entered  into  a  separation  agreement  whereby  he 
agreed  to  pay  her  £9  every  Wednesday.  He  brings  action  to  determine 
'whether  he  may  deduct  income  tax  from  future  payments.  Wasmuth  v$. 
Janes  (1918),  2  Ch.  54. 

Action  by  a  purchaser  to  obtain  a  declaration  that  an  agreement  for 
the  sale  of  a  leasehold  had  been  dissolved  because  the  vendor's  attorney 

« 

■■■-    '■  ■■■■■^»  <,,i        ■■■i.        I  I,* 

*Prom  Article  by  Hon.  A.  J.  Vinje,  Justice  of  Wisconsin  Supreme 
Court,  Marquette,  April,  1920,  pp.  108-110. 


JDBISPBUIXBNCB  AKD  UlW  BBFOBM.  865 

ia  faeiy  who  made  the  sale,  had  become  a  public  enemy.    Tingle  vt . 
MuUer  (1917),  2  Ch.  144. 

A  leflKe  eeoured  a  lease  of  premises  for  30  irears  to  eommence  in  1946, 
more  than  21  years  after  its  date.  The  Land  Registrar  was  in  doubt  as  to 
whether  it  was  entitled  to  registry  because  it  was  thought  to  offend  the 
rale  against  perpetuities.  Mann,  Crossnan  A  Paulin  Vi,  Land  Reitfstry 
(1918)»  1  Ch.  202. 

A  company's  articles  provided  that  ''the  instrument  appoiiiting  a 
prooy  shall  be  deposited  at  the  registered  office  of  the  company  not  lesi 
than  two  clear  days  before  the  day  for  holding  the  meeting  at  which  the 
person  named  in  such  instrument  iNroposep  to  vote."  Held  that  proxies 
lodged  between  the  dates  of  an  original  meeting  and  the  adjournment 
thereof  were  invalid,  the  adjourned  meeting  being  merely  a  continuation 
of  the  original  meeting.  McLaren  v$,  Thompson  (1917),  2  Ch.  41. 
Affirmed  on  appeal  (1917),  2  Ch.  261. 

Declaration  whether  the  lessors  of  certain  premises  were  entitled  to 
pasnnent  in  full  for  the  amount  necessary  to  put  leasehold  in  as  good 
condition  as  the  lease  stipulated— <the  lessee  having  gone  into  liquidation, 
or  whether  lessors  must  prove  for  it  in  liq[uidation  and  take  their  pro- 
portionate share.    (1919),  1  Ch.  416. 

Declaration  as  to  the  meaning  of  a  contract  for  the  sale  of  two  plots 
of  land  "  and  buildings,  material,  etc."  Held  that  the  words  "  etc."  did 
not  extend  to  a  right  of  way  not  mentioned  and  that  the  conveyance' 
should  exclude  it.  In  re  Walmsley  &  Shaws  Contract  (1917),  1  Ch.  93. 
A  manager  hired  at  an  annual  yearly  salary  plus  6%  on  promts  in 
excess  of  escpenses,  interest  on  preferred  and  oroinary  shares.  Held  that 
he  was  entitled  to  5%  of  the  excess  profits  before  excess  profit  duty 
was  paid  to  the  crown.  William  Hollins  &  Co.,  Limited  V9.  Paget 
(1917),  1  Ch.  187. 

Question  whether  a  railroad  act  authorised  a  subsequent  railway  to 
construct  its  roadbed  across  a  former  one  by  means  of  an  embankment 
or  by  means  of  a  trestle.  Tafif  Vale  Ry.  Co.  v$.  Cardiff  Ry.  Co.  (1917), 
1  Ch.  299. 

The  purchase  price  of  a  business  to  be  one-third  of  the  ''net 
profits  "  for  a  certain  number  of  years.  Held  that  excess  duty  to  crown 
must  be  deducted  before  "  net  profits"  were  to  be  divided,  Condran  vi. 
Stark  (1917),  1  Ch.  639. 

In  the  third  session  of  the  65th  Congress  Professor  Borchard  of  Yale 
submitted  a  brief  to  the  Judiciaiy  Committee  upon  the  bill  that  was  then 
pending  in  reference  to  Declaratory  Judgments.  This  brief  was  printed 
and  is  a  very  able  statement  of  the  argument.  We  quote  one  paragraph 
from  page  46,  which  is  as  follows: 

"Coming  now  to  the  numerous  questions  whidi  have  involved 
the  construction  and  interpretation  of  contracts,  actions  have  on 
several  occasions  been  instituted  for  a  \  declaration  that  a  certain 
contract  was  no  longer  binding  on  the  plaintiff  or  was  binding  on 
the  defendant.  Among  the  former  of  these  cases,  which  seeks  a 
negative  tleclaration  of  privilege  (absence  of  duty),  the  case  of 
Societe  Maritime  et  Commerciale  vs,  Venus  Steam  Shipping  Co. 
(Ltd.)  ih  a  leading  one.  Here  the  plaintiff  had  undertaken  by 
contract  to  load  ore  on  steamers  to  be  fiimiflhed  by  one  L^  the 
alleged  assignor  of  the  defendants,  for  five  years.  The  plaintiffs 
claimed  that  there  was  no  valid  assignment  to  the  defendants,  that 
L.  was  not  the  defendants'  agent,  and  that  there  was  no  novation. 
As  the  original  contract  had  over  a  year  still  to  run,  and  as  plaintiffs 
did  not  wish  to  break  it  and  subject  themselves  to  an  action  for 
damages,  they  availed  themselves  of  the  valuable  privilege  of  seek- 
ing from  the  court  a  declaration  that  the  contract  Wad^  nb  longer 


366  JUBIS^EUDEKeB  AND  LAW  BBVOBK. 

binding  on  them.    In  making  the  deelaration  sought,  Channel,  J., 
remarked:    (1904)  9  Com.  Cas.  289. 

''Showing  a  neceanty  of  a  decision  upon  it,  I  think  thesr  are 
entitled  to  a  declaration  as  to  whether  or  not  the  contract  is  binding 
upon  them.  They  are  not  bound  at  their  p«ril  to  perform  it  and 
then  to  be  liable  to  heavy  damages  for.  not  performing  it  for  the 
space  of  the  next  one  and  one-half  years.  If  th^  are  wrong,  they 
would  be  liable  for  damiages  down  to  the  time  of  the  judgment  of* 
the  court  while* they  are  refusing  to  perform;  but  upon  2ie  court 
saying  that  they  were  bound,  they  would  then  say:  '  We  will  not  go 
on  with  it  for  the  remainder  of  the  time.'  I  think  that  is  a  suflifiient 
reason  for  making  the  declaration." 

4 

c. 

REPORT,  JUDICIARY  COMMITTEE,  SENATE, 

APRIL  20,  1922. 

Calbndab  No.  633 ;  Sbnatb  Rbpobt,  No.  686. 

Be  it  enacted,  etc^  That  the  writ  of  error  in  cases  civil  and  criminal  is 
abolished.  All  reUef  which  heretofore  could  be  obtained  by  writ  qf 
error  shall  hereafter  be  obtainable  by  appeal. 

Sec.  2.  An  appeal  mav  be  taken  by  serving  upon  the  adverse  party 
or  his  attorney  of  record,  and  by  filing  in  Uie. office  of  the  clerk  with 
whom  the  judgment  or  order  appealed  from  is  entered  a  written  notice 
to  the  effect  that  the  appellant  appeals  from  the  judgment  or  order  or, 
from  a  apecified  part  Uiereof.  No  petition  of  ftJPp^l  or  allowance  of  an 
appeal  shall  be  required:  Provided  however,  Tnat  before  such  appeal 
shall  become  effective,  the  appellant  shall  furnish  the  same  security  as 
is  now  provided  by  Section  lOOO  of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  the  United 
States  in  case  of  writs  of  error. 

D. 

A  BILL 
To  Ambnd  the  Judicial  Code. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  HoiLee  of  RepreeenUUivee  of  tha 
United  State9  of  America  in  Congreee  aeeembled.  That  Sec.  28  of  the 
Judicial  Code,  approved  March  3,  1911,  is  hereby  amended  by  adding 
thereto  the  following: 

"  The  district  court  for  the  proper  district  to  which  the  suit  in  the 
state  court  is  removable  is  the  district  court  of  the  United  States 
for  the  judicial  district, ^or  if  such  district  be  divided,  for  the  division 
of  the  judicial  district  in  which  such  state  court  is  located.    Provi- 
sions, of  law  describing  the  district  courts  of  the  United  States  in 
which  suits  shall  be  brought  do  not  apply  to,  nor  affect  the  removal 
jurisdiction  of  district  courts,  nor  the  removability  of  suits  thereto." 
Sbc.  2.   The  Judicial  Code  is  hereby  amended  by  adding  after  Section 
53  an  additional  section  to  be  known  as  Section  53-A : 

Sbc.  53-A.    In  suits  to  recover  damages  for  injuries  to  the  person 
or  for  the  death  of  any  person,  the  action  must  be  brought  either 

(a)  In  the  district  in  which  the  plaintiff  resided  at  the  time  ol  the 
injury,  or 

(b)  In  the  district  in  which  is  located  the  principal  place  of 
business  of  the  defendant,  or 

(c)  In  the  district  in  which  the  injury  occurred. 


REPORT 

or  THB 

COMMITTEE  ON  ADMIRALTY  AND  MARITIME  LAW. 

To  thf  American  Bar  Assodatian: 

The  Committee  on  Conrts  of  Admiralty  begs  leave  to  report  as 
follows : 

On  January  3,  1922,  the  Supreme  Court  handed  down  a 
decision  in  the  case  of  the  Western  Maid  and  the  Ca/rolinim, 
granting  writs  of  prohibition  to  prevent  United  States  District  \ 
Courts  from  exercising  jurisdiction  of  proceedings  in  rem  for  ■ 
collisions  which  occurred  while  the  vessels  libeled  were  owned, 
absolutely  or  pro  hac  vice,  by  the  United  States,  and  employed 
in  the  public  service. 

The  result  of  this  decision  is  to  emphasize  the  need  of  a 
statute  permitting  suits  against  the  Government  for  collision. 
On  the  Continent  of  Europe  suit  may  be  brought  against  the 
Government  for  torts,  and  in  Great  Britain,  where  a  collision 
occurs  with  a  King^s  diip,  the  private  suitor  may  bring  an  action 
in  the  ordinary  courts  against  the  commanding  omcer  of  the 
ship,  and  the  representative  of  the  Crown  appears  and  defends 
catisa  honoris  and  pays  any  judgment  that  may  be  recovered. 
Here  in  our  Republic  the  maxim  that  "The  King  can  do  no 
wrong  '*  is  given  full  force  and  effect. 

By  the  Act  of  March  9,  1920,  where  a  Government  vessel  is 
employed  as  a  merchant  vessel,  suit  is  permitted.  For  damage 
through  the  negligence  of  a  war  or  naval  vessel,  there  is  no 
remedy  except  by  a  special  Act  of  Congress,  and  it  often  takes 
years  to  secure  the  necessary  legislation.  To  meet  this  situation 
a  bill  was  prepared  by  the  Maritime  Law  Association  of  the 
United  States  and  introduced  at  the  last  session  of  Congress  by 
Mr.  Husted  of  New  York  (H.  R.  6266,  67th  Congress,  First 
Session).  This  was  reported  favorably  by  the  Judiciary  Com- 
mittee, but  failed  of  passage.  A  similar  measure  is  now  pending 
in  the  House.  It  authorizes  suit  to  be  brought  against  the  United 
States  in  Admiralty  for  collisions  caused  by  and  salvage  servibea 
rendered  to  public  vessels  belonging  to  the  United  S^tes.  We 
recommend  tiiat  the  Association  approve  this  bill  and  authorize 
your  Committee  to  urge  its  enactment. 

(367) 


368  REPOBT  OF   COMMITTBB  OK 

Two  subjects  of  great  importance  to  the  maritime  interests  of 
this  country  will  be  brought  before  the  International  Conference 
on  Maritime  Law,  which  is  expected  to  reconvene  in  Brussels 
within  the  next  few  months.  The  last  sessions  of  the  Conference 
were  held  in  Brussels  in  1909  and  1910.  Tweiity-five  maritime 
nations,  including  the  United  States,  attended  the  conference^ 
and  signed  two  conventions  or  treaties,  one  on  salvage  and  the 
other  on  collisions.  The  salvage  treaty,  which  did  not  depart  in 
any  material  respect  from  our  own  law,  was  submitted  to  the 
Senate  and  ratified,  and  on  August  1,  1912,  Congress  passed  an 
Act  carrying  out  the  provisions  of  the  treaty. 

The  other  treaty  relating  to  collisions  departed  radically  from 
our  law;  apportioning  damage  in  case  of  fault  on  the  part  of  two 
or  more  vessels  according  to  the  degree  of  fault,  thus  adopting 
the  rule  long  in  force  on  the  Continent  of  Europe  and  abandoning 
the  British  and  American  judicium  rusticum,  by  which,  in  case  of 
fault  on  the  part  of  two  colliding  vessels,  the  damages  are  divided 
equally.  This  treaty  has  been  ratified  by  every  nation  repre- 
sented at  the  Conference  except  the  United  States.  The  treaty 
was  never  submitted  to  the  Senate  and  reposes  in  the  pigeon-holes 
of  the  Department  of  State. 

At  the  Brussels  Conference  of  1910  projets,  or  draft  treaties, 
on  the  subject  of  hypothecations  and  liens,  and  also  on  limitation 
of  ship-owners'  liaoility,  were  prepared,  and  these  will  come  up 
for  consideration  at  the  next  session  of  the  Conference.  At  a 
recent  meeting  of  the  Maritime  Law  Association  of  the  United 
States  these  two  draft  treaties  were  considered,  and  resolutions 
were  adopted  recommending  that  our  Government  send  delegates 
to  the  next  meeting  of  the  Brussels  Conference,  with  instructions 
to  secure,  so  far  as  possible,  a  reasonable  and  uniform  law  for 
limitation  of  ship  owner's  liability.  This  subject  has  become  a 
most  important  one  to  the  United  States,  owing  to  the  large 
increase  in  our  merchant  marine.  It  is  desirable  that  there 
should  be  one  uniform  law  of  liability  so  that,  in  whatever  country 
a  ship  may  be,  the  owner  may  know  the  limit  of  his  liability,  and 
not  be  subject  to  the  chance  of  the  port  in  which  his  ship  is 
found. 

As  to  the  draft  treaty  on  hypothecations  and  liens  on  vessels, 
the  Maritime  Law  Association  recommended  that  our  Govern- 
ment should  not  approve  the  treaty  either  in  principle  or  in 
detail.  In  the  opinion  of  that  Association,  the  subject  of  liena 
ifi  peculiarly  a  national  question,  not  an  international  one.  Our 
system  of  liens  differs  materially  from  that  of  other  countries, 
and  is  expressed  in  tiie  Act  of  Congress  passed  June  23, 1910,  and 
re-enacted  in  the  Merchant  Marine  Act,  1920,  No.  30,  sub- 
sections P,  Q,  B,  S  and  T. 


ADMIBALTY  A2SD  iCARITIME  lAW.  369 

This  part  of  our  report  is  merely  for  the  information  of  mem- 
bers of  the  Association.  We  do  not  recommend  any  action 
thereon  at  this  time. 

BoBT.  M.  Hughes, 
Pitz-Henry  Smith,  Jh., 
Chaeles  C.  Burlinoham, 
Harvey  D.  Godlder, 
Edward  J.  McCutchbn. 


REPORT 

or  THB 

COMMITTEE  ON  UNIFORM  JUDICIAL  PROCEDURE. 
To  the  American  Bar  Association: 

Recommendations. 

(1)  That  every  member  of  the  Bar  Association  will  imme- 
diately communicate  with  his  Senators  and  Congressmen  request- 
ing a  prompt  report  of  H.  R.  2377  from  the  Committee  on  the 
Judiciary  of  the  House  and  the  same  bill  S.  2870,  introduced  by 
Senator  Kellogg  in  the  Senate  at  the  present  session  of  Congress. 
While  the  opposition  is  energetic  a  majority  is  assured.  It  is 
only  necessary  for  the  committees  to  report. 

(2)  That  such  state  bar  associationfi  as  have  not  already  done 
so,  be  respectfully  requested  to  create  state  committees  with  a 
central  chairman  and  a  member  from  each  congressional  district 
to  cooperate  with  your  committee  in  carrying  out  the  instructions 
of  this  Association.  A  form  of  the  resolution  will  be  found  Sfl 
an  appendix  hereto. 

(3)  That  these  state  committees  shall  function  by  instituting 
independent  campaigns  with  reference  to  their  own  Senators  and 
Representatives  in  Congress  and  otherwise,  according  to  their 
good  judgment.  Certain  statesmen  are  not  only  refusing  to 
observe  the  recommendations  of  their  state  bar  associations,  but 
are  using  their  influence  to  prevent  a  report  by  the  Judiciary 
Committee,  so  that  a  vote  may  be  had  on  the  floor  of  the  Senate 
and  House. 

(4)  That  this  committee  be  continued. 

Report. 

We  reported  in  1921  that  the  bill  (S.  1214)  was  introduced 
in  the  Senate  by  Senator  Frank  B.  Kellogg,  was  referred  to  the 
Committee  on  the  Judiciary  and  in  turn  was  referred  to  a  sub- 
committee of  three  composed  of  Senators  Colt  (Chairman), 
Dillingham  and  Walsh  of  Montana.  No  action  whatever  was 
taken  by  them.  Senators  Colt  and  Dillingham  kindly  expressed 
themselves  as  favoring  the  bill.  Senator  Walsh  expressed  him- 
self as  being  opposed  to  it.  A  majority  of  the  Judiciary  Com- 
mittee and  a  majority  of  the  Senators  were  in  favor  of  it.    The 

(370) 


UNIFORM   JUDICIAL   PBOCBDUBB.  871 

earnest  and  sustained  efforts  of  yonr  committee,  supported  by 
the  most  influential^  industrial  and  commercial  organizations  as 
well  as  lawyers  and  judges  of  national  reputation  proved  im- 
availing.  Many  state  bar  associations  in  formal  resolutions  re- 
quested the  committee  t6'  report.  A  copy  of  the  reeolution 
adopted  by  the  bar  associations  of  Illinois,  Virginia  and  Penn- 
sylvania vrill  be  found  as  an  appendix  to  this  report.  The  state 
bar  associations  of  California,  Georgia,  Arkansas,  Indiana,  Louis- 
iana, Minnesota,  Mississippi,  Missouri,  New  Hampshire,  North 
Carolina,  North  Dakota,  Ohio,  Oregon,  Washington,  Wisconsin 
and  Wyoming  also  adopted  it  in  substantially  the  same  form. 
Forty-five  state  bar  associations  have  endorsed  the  program. 
The  waif  to  bring  dboui  the  passage  of  the  bill  is  to  respectfully 
but  earnestly  impress  upon  the  Senate  that  the  judges  and  lawyers 
as  well  as  commerce,  expect  a  report.  It  is  diifficult  to  believe  that 
the  request  will  not  be  respected. 

The  Executive  Committee  at  its  mid-winter  meeting  adopted 
the  following  resolution : 

Wbibbas,  the  American  Bar  Association,  after  due  deliberation,  has 
for  nine  years  in  succession  unanimously  endorsed  a  Bill  having  for  its 
purpose  the  modernisation  and  uniformity  of  the  procedwe  and  practice 
of  the  Federal  Courts;  and 

Whereas,  the  said  Bill  has  been  introduced  in  each  Conffrees  during 
said  period  and  has  been  formally  referred  to  the  Judiciary  Committees 
of  the  Senate  and  House  respectively;  and 

Whereas,  the  said  Bill,  with  one  exception,  has  been  withheld  in  com- 
mittee instead  of  being  reported,  although  a  majority  of  the  members 
of  the  Judiciaiy  Conmuttees  and  a  large  majority  of  Senators  and 
Representatives  have  expressed  themselves  as  favorable  to  the  measure; 
ana 

.  Whereas,  a  proper  respect  for  the  request  of  a  substantial  number  of 
citizens  ana  the  petition  of  the  organized  Bar  of  America  renders  it  only 
common  justice  that  the  Bill  be  reported  out  so  that  the  members  of 
the  respective  Houses  may  register  their  vote  upon  the  same ; 

Resolved^  that  the  £2xecutive  Committee  of  the  American  Bar  Aaao- 
ciation,  in  regular  session  assembled,  on  this  9th  day  of  January,  1922, 
respectfully  requests  the  Judicial^  Committee  of  the  United  States 
Senate  to  make  a  report  upon  the  said  Bill  No.  S.  2870,  introduced  by 
Honorable  Frank  B.  Kellogg  at  the  request  of  the  American  Bar 
Association. 

Re^olped,  further,  that  a  copy  of  this  resolution  be  sent  by  mail  to  the 
President  of  the  Senate  and  the  Speaker  of  the  House,  and  to  each 
member  of  the  Judiciary  Committees  of  the  Senate  and  House 
respectively. 

Copies  were  sent  as  directed  which  was  followed  by  hearings 
before. the  House  Judiciary  Committee  on  February  14  and  21 
and  March  7,  and  before  the  Senate  Judiciary  Committee  on 
Febmary  20.  Neither  of  these  committees  has  reported  (June 
I,  1922).  The  proceedings  before  the  House  Committee  have 
been  printed  and  are  being  distributed.  Members  are  requested 
to  apply  to  their  Congressmim  for  copies  describing  the  same  as 


372  BBFORT  OF  COMHITTSB  ON 

*^  Hearing  before  the  House  Jddiciary  Oommitteey  Si3±r-6eTenih 
Congress^  Second  Session  on  H.  R  237?  and  H.  B.  90,  Serial  3S, 
February  14  and  March  7,  1922/'  The  Senate  proceeding  was 
too  badly  reported  by  the  stenographer  to  be  of  service. 

A  bill^  known  as  ^^H.  K.  90/'  introduced  by  Congressman 
Logan^  sought  to  continue  the  present  federal  practice  in  an 
aggravated  form  and  deserves  ilie  opposition  it  has  encountered. 
It  is  in  the  following  form : 

A  BILL 

To  Makb  the  Pbaotiob  in  the  Unitkd  States  Distriot 
Courts  Conform  to  the  Praoticb  op  the  State  Courts 
OF  THE  State  in  Which  the  Unitbd  States  District 
Courts  Are  Held. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Rejjreeentatives  of  the 
United  States  of  America  m  Congress  assembled.  That  the  practice  of 
the  United  States  district  courts  m  the  drawing,  impanehnfc,  publishing 
of  the  list  of  jurors  and  the  charge  of  the  judge  to  the  juiy  shall 
conform  in  all  respects  as  nearly  as  can  be  done  to  the  practice  of  the 
highest  court  of  the  State  in  which  jurors  are  used  in  which  the 
United  States  court  is  held. 

Sbc.  2.  That  it  diaU  be  the  duty  of  the  judge  in  all  cases,  civil  and 
criminal,  to  have  the  testimony  of  the  witneans  taken  down  by  s 
stenographer. 

Sic.  3.  That  on  all  appeals  to  the  Circuit  Court  of  Appeals  in  civil 
and  criminal  cases  the  practice  followed  on  appeals  to  the  highest  court 
of  the  Stato  in  which  the  United  States  distnct  court  is  sitting  shall  be 
followed. 

Sac.  4.— That  the  provisions  of  this  Act  diall  be  held  to  be  mandatory 
and  not  directory. 

The  bill  H.  R.  2377  and  S.  3870  was  favorably  reported  in 
1017  under  the  leadership  of  Senator  George  Sutherland  of 
ntah^  but  too  late  for  action  at  that  session.  The  names  of  the 
few  Senators  who  opposed  it  are  given  in  ^*  Appendix  B.'' 

The  Present  Session. 

(a)  in  the  senate. 

As  soon  as  the  present  session  of  Congress  convened^  the  usual 
conference  was  held  in  Washington  with  friends  of  the  American 
Bar  Association's  program.  Senator  Frank  B.  Kellogg  was 
selected  to  become  the  patron  and  he  promptly  introduced  the 
bill.  A  hearing  was  had  on  February  20^  1922,  before  a  sub- 
committee composed  of  Senator  Ernst,  Chairman,  and  Senators 
Cummins,  Shoitridge,  Shields  and  Ashurst.    There  were  also 

E resent  Senators  Colt,  Overman  and  Spencer,  who  favored  the 
ill,  and  Thomas  J.  Walsh  of  Montana  who  opposed  it  h$ca/use 
of  ihe  inconvenience  a  change  in  pleading  and  procedure  would 
oflMMe  io  lawyers.   This  is  dealt  witii  later. 


unifosk  judicial  pbooxdubb.  878 

(b)  in  the  house. 

Chairman  Andrew  J.  Volstead  introduced  the  bill  (H.  B. 
8377).  There  were  three  hearings,  viz. :  February  14  and  21  and 
March  7.  The  Committee  now  has  the  bill  under  consideration. 
The  members  of  the  Association  will  greatly  aid  by  communicate 
ing  with  their  respective  Senators  and  Congressmen  and  particu* 
larly  with  the  members  of  the  two  Judiciary  Committees  of  the 
Senate  and  House. 

The  personnel  of  the  present  Senate  Judiciary  Committee  is  as 
follows : 

Enute  Nklson,  of  Minnesota,  Chairman. 
William  P.  Dillingham,  of  Vermont. 
Frank  B.  Bbanbeobb,  of  Connecticut. 
William  K  Borah,  of  Idaho. 
Albert  B.  Cummins,  of  Iowa. 
LbBaron  B.  Colt,  of  Bhode  Island. 
Thomas  Sterling,  of  South  Dakota. 
Oeorgb  W«  Norris,  of  Nebraska. 
Richard  P.  Ernst,  of  Kentucky. 
Samuel  M.  Shortridge,  of  California. 
Charles  A.  Culberson,  of  Texas. 
Leb  S.  Overman,  of  North  Carolina. 
James  A.  Besd,  of  Missouri. 
Henry  F.  Ashurst,  of  Arizona. 
John  K.  Shields,  of  Tennessee. 
Thomas  J.  Walsh,  of  Montana. 

The  House  Judiciary  Committee  is  as  follows : 

Andrew  J,  Volstead,  of  Minnesota,  Chairman. 

George  S.  Graham,  of  Pennsylvania. 

L.  C.  Dter,  of  Missouri. 

Joseph  Walsh,  of  Massachusetts. 

C.  Prank  Reavis,  of  Nebraska. 

David  6.  Classon,  of  Wisconsin. 

W.  D.  Boies,  of  Iowa. 

Charles  A.  Christopherson,  of  South  Dakota. 

Richard  Yates,  of  Illinois. 

Wells  Goodykoontz,  of  West  Virginia. 

Ira  G.  Herset,  of  Maine. 

Walter  M.  Chandler,  of  New  York. 

Israel  M.  Foster,  of  Ohio. 

Earl  C.  Michener,  of  Michigan. 

Andrew  J.  Hickby,  of  Indiana. 

Robert  Y.  Thomas,  Jr.,  of  Kentucky. 

Hatton  W.  Sumners,  of  Texas. 


874  BSP0KI  OF  GOMMITTBB  ON 

Andrew  J.  Montagub,  of  Virginia. 

Jahbs  W.  Wi8By  of  Georgia. 

John  Tillman^  of  Arkansas. 

Fbed  H.  Dominiok,  of  South  Carolina. 

Former  Attorney-General  McEeynolds  advocated  the  bill  in  his 
official  report,  and  former  Attorney-General  Gregory  wrote  to 
Senator  Overman  of  the  Judiciary  Committee,  the  patron  of  the 
bill  in  a  prior  session,  commending  it  and  seeking  its  passage! 
Former  Attorney-General  Palmer  was  one  of  the  original  advo- 
cates of  rules  of  court  Chairman  Nelson  of  the  Senate  and 
Chairman  Volstead  of  the  House  Judiciary  Committee  are  strong 
advocates  of  the  bill.  Both  Senate  and  House  favor  it  by  a  large 
majority.  Both  Senators  Overman  and  Culberson,  the  senior 
minority  members,  have  been  patrons  of  the  bill.  Senator  Cul- 
berson's letter  to  the  committee  was  published  in  1919  report  ol 
the  committee. 

Bbasons  fob  Dblat. 

Legislative  conditions  in  1922  at  Washington  have  not  mate- 
rially changed.  Senators  and  members  of  the  House  who  favored 
the  measure  and  have  frankly  so  expressed  themselves  to  the 
great  encouragement  of  your  committee,  have  been  good  enough 
to  promise  to  give  immediate  attention  when  a  report  is  made 
by  the  Judiciary  Committee,  They  have  felt  obliged  to  devote 
their  time  to  special  public  matters  confided  to  their  individual 
care  to  the  extent  that  they  have  not  been  able  to  give  this  bill  the 
individual  attention  hoped  for.  Otherwise  it  is  believed  the  bill 
would  have  been  reported  out  and  passed  regardless  of  a  certiiin 
individual  opposition  that  has  always  been  and  always  will  be 
opposed  to  it.  The  influence  of  the  American  Bar  Association 
has  not  been  felt  in  Washington  during  the  past  years  to  the 
extent  that  it  is  at  present.  There  seems  to  be  a  growing  realiza- 
tion of  the  determination  of  the  lawyers  to  perfect  the  administra- 
tion of  justice  in  America.  "  In  view  of  the  criticism  of  delay 
by  the  Senate  Judiciary  Committee  it  will  serve  a  purpose  to 
name  the  personnel  of  your  Committee  on  Uniform  Judicial  Pro- 
cedure, other  than  the  present  members,  who  have  presented 
the  American  Bar  Association's  recommendation  to  Congress: 
William  B.  Hornblower,  Louis  D.  Brandeis,  Joseph  N.  Teal, 
Lawrence  Maxwell,  William  Howard  Taft,  C.  A.  Severance  and 
Jno.  P.  Briscoe. 

Aid  op  State  Bae  Associations, 

Your  committee  is  deeply  gratified  to  be  able  to  report  the 
assistance  and  sympathy  it  is  receiving  from  State  Bar  Associa- 
tions.   Many  of  them  have  adopted  the  resolution  first  passed  by 


UNIFORM   JUDICIAL  PROCBDUKE.  375 

the  Pennsylvaiiia  Bar  Association  in  1915  (Appendix  C)  creat* 
ing  a  committee  of  one  member  from  each  Congressional  District 
with  a  central  chairman.  These  state  committees  co-operate  en- 
thnsiastically  and  patriotically  and  make  it  possible  to  present 
perscmally  to  a  greater  portion  of  the  Bar  as  well  as  to  Congress 
the  merits  of  the  effort  to  modernize  the  procedure  of  the  courts 
and  make  possible  a  greater  certainty  of  justice  in  America.  It 
is  beliveed  that  far  better  results  can  be  obtained  in  this  way  in 
inspiring  a  greater  indlTidual  participation ;  in  showing  the  great 
merit  of  uniformity  of  procedure  and  interpretation  as  well  as  of 
lawy  and  in  impressing  upon  Congress  the  time-honored  truth 
that ''  justice  is  the  greatest  interest  of  man  on  earth  ^'  and  that 
its  proper  administration  ought  to  be  a  first,  instead  of  a  last 
consideration  on  the  part  of  the  Legislative  Department  of 
Government. 

As  OUT  eflPorts  at  Washington  must  continue  another  year,  your 
committee  again  sets  down  some  familiar  facts. 

The  Purpose  of  the  Bill. 

The  exact  words  of  the  bill  will  be  found  in  "  Appendix  A  "  to 
this  report.  It  is  the  same  bill  that  ha^  been  introduced  regularly 
for  nine  years. 

The  purpose  and  effect  of  the  bill  is  to  give  to  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States  the  authority  to  make  rules  governing 
the  entire  procedure  in  cases  at  law  to  the  same  extent  that  it 
now  has  power  to  regulate  the  procedure  in  equity  and  admiralty 
and  the  bankruptcy  courts.    Nothing  novel  is  involved. 

The  Only  Legislation  Needed.    The  Bench  and  Bar 

Will  Do  the  Rest. 

This  short  bill  is  all  the  legislation  at  present  required.  To 
the  student  and  the  thoughtful  man  it  is  the  key  that  will  unlock 
the  door  to  a  new  era  of  scientific  judicial  relations.  It  wUl  set 
the  judges  and  lawyers  free  to  perfect  the  machinery  of  the  courts 
for  which  they  are  held  solely  responsible  by  laymen.  It  is  the 
principle  adopted  by  England  more  than  fifty  years  ago.  The 
united  Bench  and  Bar  will  cooperate  in  first  constructing  and 
then  in  gradually  perfecting  a  simple,  correlated,  scientific  system 
of  rules  of  procedure  and  practice  in  lieu  of  the  present  com- 
plicated ^^  federal  practice.^'  It  is  intended  that  this  system  of 
rules  Ab1\  embrace  all  the  merits  and  none  of  the  vices  of  both 
the  "  common  law  ^^  and  '*  code  "  pleading.  Its  merit  will  be  a 
patriotic  effort  to  administer,  instead  of  impeding  justice,  by 
the  lawyer  who  is  now  sworn  to  uphold  all  procedural  statutes, 
olikough  they  obstruct  jusUce.    This  is  reaily  the  crux  of  the 


376  BBPOBT  OF  COMICITTBE  ON 

plan,  f  or  judicature  would  then  command  the  aid  and  eympathy 
of  the  lawyers  instead  of  an  enforced  hostility.  Moreover,  the 
criticisms  of  laymen  would  be  directed  in  a  harmless  manner  to  a 
personally  responsible  and  responsiYe  agency,  ready  to  afford 
instant  relief  against  procedurai  hardships.  The  Judge  would 
f  solve  procedural  difiSculties  by  seeing  to  it  that  the  case  is  brought 

speedily  to  issue  on  its  merits  through  timely  amendments  to  the 
pleadings  as  recommended  or  as  may  appear  necessary.  This  is 
the  way  it  has  always  been  done  in  admiralty  and  is  now  done  in 
equity  and  no  reason  has  been  shown  why  it  should  not  be  also 
done  on  the  law  side,  except  the  one  given  by  a  Senaior  thai  leanp- 
ing  the  new  system  might  inconvenience  someone  I 

The  Origin  and  End  op  Confobmitt  (S.  8914  E.  S.). 

It  will  be  helpful  to  be  mindful  of  the  history  and  evolution  of 
the  present  federal  practice.  The  idea  of  conforming  to  the  prac- 
tice of  each  state,  we  are  told  by  the  Supreme  Court  (Bk.  w.  Hal- 
stead,  10  Wheat.  51-59,  6  L.  ed.  264,  265),  was  induced  by  the 
mistaken  theory  that ''  state  systems  then  in  actual  operation,  well 
known  and  understood  and  the  propriety  and  expediency  of  adopt- 
ing which  they  would  well  judge  of  and  determine,^'  would  con- 
tinue. Constant,  unscientific  legislation  finally  created  a  condi- 
tion that  caused  the  Supreme  Court  to  declare  tiiat,  ^'  To  conform 
to  such  statutes  of  a  state  would  unnecessarily  encumber  the  ad- 
ministration of  the  law  as  well  as  tend  to  defeat  the  ends  of  Jus- 
tice in  the  national  Tribunals.^'  (Bk.  vs.  Hdstead,  Supra^) 
Thereupon  followed  legislative  amendments  and  judicial  rules 
until  ^Mexican  Ry.  Co.  vs.  Pinckney,  149  U.  S.  205,  7)  an  entire 
control  of  the  procedure,  after  the  judgment  is  entered,  and  fifty- 
odd  notable  exceptions  to  conformity  (See  Appendix  E)  have 
created  a  new  and  distinct  body  of  unrelated  procedure  known 
as  *'  federal  practice/'  To  the  average  lawyer  it  is  Sanskrit;  to 
the  experienced  federal  practitioner  it  is  a  monopoly;  to  the 
author  of  text  books  on  federal  practice  it  is  a  golden  harvest. 

A  Beplt  to  Certain  Objections. 

While  objections  are  rare,  it  will  serve  a  usef id  purpose  to  make 
reply  to  the  few  offered  in  the  Senate  to  the  Bar  Association's 
program. 

They  seem  to  revolve  around  the  political  fear  of  inconvenient 
ing  lawyers,  instead  of  facilitating  the  administration  of  Justice 
and  benefiting  litigants. 

One  objection,  was  to  any  change  in  the  federal  or  state  prao- 
tice  at  all  because  some  lawyers  might  be  inconvenienced  in  having 
to  learn  a  new  system.    The  answer  is  that  the  lawyers  have  not 


UNIFOBM   JUDICIAL  PBOCEDUBJB.  877 

sunk  so  low  that  they  would  put  their  personal  comfort  or  adyan* 
tage  or  eyen  their  liyes  ahead  of  the  sacred  duty  of  assuring  a  rea- 
sonable certainty  of  justice  or  of  improving  their  noble  and  re- 
sponsible profession.  Viewing  it  in  a  lighter  sense,  it  as  if  one 
rebelled  against  the  laws  of  sanitation  because  of  the  trouble  of 
takinff  a  bath.  The  buffers  hwve  accepted  and  are  profiting  by  a 
complete  reorgamzaiion  of  their  business  Lawyers  have  suffi- 
ciently demonstrated  that  they  are  equally  as  patriotic. 

« 

Thsbb  Will  Be  Littls  to  Learn. 

The  second  objection  was  that  the  small  pracHtioner  and  the 
country  lawyer  could  not  afford  to  learn  the  new  system  for  the 
few  cases  he  would  command.  This  connotes  a  spirit  of  selfish- 
ness and  lack  of  patriotism  unjust  to  the  lawyers  of  small  pra(>- 
tice,  who  have  always  stood  for  the  best  in  American  life  and  its 
advancement  because  they  had  the  time  as  well  as  the  disposition 
to  give  thought  to  purely  public  matters.  Their  voice  has  been 
oftener  heard  upon  the  Hustings  than  that  of  any  other  vocation. 
But  the  objectioir  will  be  accepted  with  a  grain  of  humor  by  ac- 
tive practitioners  in  the  Admiralty,  Bankruptcy  and  Eauity 
Courts.  There  will  be  but  little  to  learn  in  the  simple  correlated 
system  of  rules  that  will  be  prepared  by  the  United  Sta>tes  Su- 

Sreme  Court  with  the  aid  and  suggestions  of  lawyers  and  judges, 
[oreover,  all  classes  of  lawyers  wiU  start  upon  the  same  level  and 
all  will  have  had  an  opportunity  to  participate  in  its  preparation 
and  thus  become  familiar  at  first  hand  with  its  every  detail.  The 
objection  is  likewise  a  reflection  upon  the  ability  or  the  good 
intention  of  America's  Oreat  Tribunal.  There  will  be  no  techni- 
calities and  no  pitfalls  to  avoid.  The  Statute  expressly  provides 
that  the  Supreme  Court  shall  see  to  that.  The  English  did  it  in 
1873  without  inconvenience  and  to  their  great  satisfaction.  There 
will  be  few  to  deny  tiiat  American  lawyers  can  do  as  much,  even 
though  they  be  inconvenienced.  American  lawyers^  and  judges 
have  been  so  long  harassed  by  a  technical  and  difficult  court 
procedure,  that  requires  intense  studfi  and  great  familiarity,  that 
some  have  lost  all  sense  of  the  possibility  of  a  perfectly  simple 
procedure. 

The  Small  Practitionkb  Will  Pbopit. 

But  it  is  manifest  that  the  small  practitioner  will  be  substan- 
tially benefited  because,  with  a  uniform  system  of  simple  court- 
made  rules,  he  will  find  the  door  of  no  federal  court  closed  in  his 
face  and  will  no  longer  need  the  association  of  one  of  the  expert 
fedetal  court  practitioners  now  found  at  every  Bar.  They  will 
start  in  together  with  the  new  system.    It  is  the  experts  who 


378  BBPOBT  OF   COHMITTBE  ON 

would'  be  expected  to  oppose  this  bill  upon  selfish  groiinds  bnt 
they  have  been  too  patriotic  to  do  it.  The  objection  is  as  unworthy 
as  it  is  unfounded  because  it  places  the  small  practitioner  in  the 
attitude  of  being  willing  to  defeat  improvement  in  the  administrar 
tion  of  justice  for  the  sake  of  his  personal  convenience  or  profit, 
as  has  been  pointed  out,  a  sentiment  that  we  feel  assured  will  b^ 
promptly  repudiated  when  brought  to  their  attention. 

Uniformipy  Will  Be  Made  Possible  and  Attractive. 

Another  objection  is  that  attention  was  first  directed  to , the 
improvement  of  the  procedure  of  the  federal  courts  instead  of  to 
that  of  the  state  courts.  It  is  obvious  that  the  federal  courts  were 
iirst  given  consideration  by  the  Bar  for  profoundly  logical  reasons 
that  will  now  be  set  out.  (a)  The  conceded  failure  of  the  efiForts 
of  the  fo.deral  courts  to  conform  to  the  pra(  tice  of  the  state  courts 
(Bank  t;^.  Halstead,  Supra)  demonstrated  the  necessity  for  a 
change,  (b)  A  second  and  greater  reason  is  that  a  simple  scien- 
tific correlated  system  of  rules,  such  as  will  be  prepared  and 
promulgated  by  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  for  use 
in  the  federal  district  courts,  will  prove  an  attractive  model  for 
the  respective  states  to  adopt  for  their  courts. 

The  Benefits  to  Be  Derived. 

The  benefits  to  be  derived  from  this  course  may  be  summed 
up  as  follows,  viz. :  (1)  A  modernized,  simplified,  scientific,  cor- 
related system  of  federal  procedure  meeting  the  approval  of  the 
Federal  Supreme  Court  and  participated  in  by  the  judges  and 
lawyers.  (2)  The  improvement  of  state  court  procedure  through 
the  adoption  of  the  federal  system  as  a  modeU  (3)  The  posai- 
bility  and  the  probability  of  state  uniformity  through  the  same 
course.  (4)  The  institution  of  court  rules  in  lieu  of  the  statutory 
or  common  law  procedure  or  common  law  procedure  modified  by 
statute,  and  (5)  the  foundation  for  fixed  interstate  judicial  re- 
lations, as  permanent  and  correlated  as  interstate  commercial 
relations.  (6)  The  advantage  of  the  personal  participation  of 
the  lawyers  and  judges  in  the  creation  and  gradual  perfecting  of 
a  scientific  system  of  rules.  (7)  The  certainty  of  immediately 
detecting  an  imperfection  and  the  promptness  with  which  it  can 
be  corrected.  (8)  The  doing  away  with  the  long  time  now  nec- 
essary for  the  simplest  relief  at  the  hands  of  Congress  because 
of  the  multitude  of  other  business  pressing  for  attention  upon 
that  great  body  of  statesmen.  (9)  The  doing  away  with  the  force 
of  law  now  possessed  by  every  procedural  statute  and  the  substitu- 
tion therefor  of  a  system  of  flexible  judge-made  rules^  not  liable 
to  reversible  error  if  justice  be  done  by  the  judgment  entered. 


UKIFOBM   JUDICUL  PROCEDUBB.  879 

(10)  It  is  the  only  way  that  nation-wide  uniformity  is  poflsible, 
and  yet  not  compulsory,  the  psychology  of  which  is  important 
where  state  pride  is  an  element.  (11)  It  will  awaken  a  keen  sense 
of  responsibility  and  a  new  and  an  unselfish  participation  on  the 
part  of  the  members  of  the  Bench  and  Bar.  (12)  It  will  create 
an  equable  diYision  of  power  and  duty  between  the  legislative  and 
judicial  departments  of  government. 

An  Analysis  of  thb  Effbct  of  the  Statutb. 

The  trouble  with  the  procedure  of  the  courts  is  due  to  the  fact 
that  coordination  between  these  two  departments  of  government 
has  been  destroyed  by  exclusive  legislative  control.  The  proposed 
bill  would  vest  in  the  Supreme  Court  the  exclusive  power  to  pre- 
pare for  the  trial  courts  all  necessary  rules  and  regulations  and 
gradually  perfect  them.  It  divides  all  judicial  procedure  into  two 
dasses,  viz.:  (a)  jurisdictional  and  fundamental  matters  and 
general  procedure  and  (b)  the  rules  of  practice  directing  the 
manner  of  bringing  parties  into  court  and  the  course  of  the  court 
thereafter.  The  first  class  goes  to  the  very  foundation  of  the 
matter  and  may  aptly  be  denominated  the  legal  machine  through 
which  justice  is  to  be  administered,  as  distinguished  from  the 
actual  operation  thereof  and  lies  exclusively  with  the  legislative 
department.  It  prescribes  what  the  courts  may  do,  who  shall  be 
the  parties  participating,  and  fixes  the  rules  of  evidence  and  all 
important  matters  of  procedure.  The  second  concerns  only  the 
practice,  the  manner  in  which  these  things  shall  be  done,  that  is 
the  details  of  their  practical  operation.  Concisely  stated,  the  first 
or  legislative  class  provides  what  the  courts  may  do,  while  the 
second  or  judicial  class  regulates  how  they  shall  do  it.  It  is  de- 
sired to  he  emphasized  that  the  statute  mil  necessitate  no  aitera- 
tion  of  the  present  procedure  upon  any  jurisdictional  or  fvnddr 
mental  matter;  that  the  Congress  can  repeal  it  at  its  pleasure  and 
that  the  proposed  rules  tvill  not  have  the  effect  of  a  statute. 

Post  Bellum  Couet  Buhdens. 

Its  predictions  having  been  already  partially  vindicated,  your 
committee  asks  permission  to  again  repeat  a  portion  of  its  1918 
report,  by  way  of  accentuating  the  necessity  for  prompt  legislative 
action  in  simplifying  the  procedure  of  the  courts.  Additional 
judges  wiU  partially  but  they  cannot  wholly  relieve  the  situation. 

"  American  courts  face  substantially  increased  tasks  and  re- 
sponsibilities growing  out  of  the  war  and  the  hasty  preparation 
therefor,  as  well  as  from  new  theories  that  may  become  perma- 
nently engrafted,  that  must  be  expeditiously  and  properly  met 


880  ESPORT  OP   COMMITHEB  ON 

immediately  upon  the  declaration  of  peace.  There  will  arise 
enormous  problems  of  reconstructing  industrial,  social  and  polit- 
ical conditions  and  the  judicial  machinery  of  the  government 
should  be  prepared  to  meet  the  extraordinary  stress  that  will  be 
put  upon  it  as  soon  as  peace  is  declared.  For  that  reason  the 
necessary  legislation  should  not  await  the  actual  coming  of  peace. 
Moreover,  there  ia  much  to  be  done  after  Congress  has  acted. 
England  is  alive  to  the  burden  of  this  new  responsibility.  Justice 
as  well  as  liberty  must  be  assured  to  America.  They  are  coordi- 
nate elements  in  a  democracy.  From  the  neglect  of  either  will 
follow  governmental  difficulties  and  eventuiu  disaster.  Mani- 
festly, if  the  courts  are  not  prepared  to  cope  with  the  demands 
now  made  upon  them  they  must  dismally  fail  under  an  additicmal 
strain.'^ 

For  twelve  yeara  Con^ss  has  ignored  the  matured  recom- 
mendation of  the  organized  judges  and  lawyers  looking  to  a 
scientific,  more  economical  and  simple  court  procedure.  The 
great  commercial  and  civic  organizations  have  manifested  their 
warm  sympathy  and  support.  It  remains  for  the  lawyers  to  make 
their  influence  felt,  and  indeed  become  persuasive.  They  and  not 
Congress  are  held  responsible  for  the  present  unsatisfactory  ad- 
ministration of  jufitice.  The  committee  hopefully  appeals  to  the 
lawyers  to  act. 

The  Judicial  Section. 

As  one  contemplates  the  hundreds  of  volumes  of  judicial  opin- 
ions annually  added  to  the  body  of  American  law,  the  importance 
of  a  regular  convention  of  Appellate  judges — the  men  who  write 
these  opinions — ^becomes  most  impressive  for  it  means  a  concert 
of  action  looking  to  a  gradual  but  certain  advancement  and  a  pos- 
sible uniformity  well  worth  any  effort.  For  the  time  being  the 
appellate  judges  of  every  state  and  federal  court  meet  in  the 
conference  room.  It  is  the  only  opportunity  for  a  personal  inter- 
state exchange  of  views.  The  judges  are  patriotically  doing  their 
part,  often  at  a  material  sacrifice  of  their  much  needed  vacation 
period  and  at  a  personal  expense  they  can  ill  afford.  With  the 
hope  of  impressing  the  thought,  the  committee  begs  leave  to 
repeat  a  part  of  its  last  year's  report. 

The  substantial  handicap  of  travel  expense  ia  being  gradually 
overcome  through  state  appropriations  for  that  purpose.  Vir- 
ginia appropriates  annually  $250,  and  it  is  possible  that  several 
other  states  are  doing  likewise.  It  is  earnestly  hoped  that  every 
state  will  make  this  appropriation.  As  we  have  repeatedly  said 
such  an  appropriation  is  a  small  premium  indeed  to  pay  for 
insurance  against  diverse  judicial  opinions;  against  federal  usur^ 
pation  of  states'  rights  in  the  effort  to  av<nd  convict;  for  the 


UNIFORM   JUDICIAL   PBOCBDUBB.  881 

promise  of  uniformity  and  for  the  comtant  improvement  in 
jurisprudence  assured  by  an  annual  convention  of  appellate,  fed- 
eral and  state  judges.  The  administration  of  a  reasonable  cer- 
tainty of  justice  is  a  matter  of  evolution.  From  the  crude  **  log 
cabin ''  procedure  of  the  pioneers  {here  has  been  developed  the 
present  body  of  distinctive  American  law  and  procedure.  That 
this  progress  may  continue  scientifically  and  speedily,  the  judges 
— ^as  judges — ^have  been  called  to  cooperate  with  the  lawyers  in 
their  annual  deliberations.  Thus  there  has  come  into  existence 
the  Judicial  Section — the  Annual  Conference  of  appellate,  federal 
and  state  judges. 

BespectfuUy  submitted, 

Thomas  W.  Shblton, 
Jacob  M.  Dickinson, 
Frank  Irvins, 
Prb©erick  W.  Lbhmank, 
Jbsse  a.  Miller. 


APPENDIX  A. 

A  BILL  (S.  2870,  H.  B.  2377). 
To  Authorize  the  Supreme  Court  to  Prescribe  Forks  and 

SULEB,  AND  ObNBRALLY   TO  BbQULATB   PlEAOINQ,   PrOOI»- 

DURE,  AND  Practice  on  the  Cohmon-Law  Side  of  the 
F^ERAL  Courts. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  RepresefUatives  of  the 
United  States  of  America  in  Congress  assenU>led,  That  the  Supreme 
Court  shall  have  the  power  to  preseribe,  from  time  to  time  and  in  any 
manner*  the  forms  of  writes  and  all  other  process,  the  mode  uad  manner 
ol  framing;  and  fiUng  proceedings  and  pleadings;  of  giving  notice  and 
serving  writs  and  process  of  all  kinds;  of  taking  and  obtaining  evidence; 
drawing  up,  entenng,  and  enrolling  orders;  and  generaQv  to  regulate 
and  prescribe  by  rule  the  forms  for  and  the  kind  and  character  oif  the 
entire  pleading,  practice,  and  procedure  to  be  used  in  all  actions,  motions, 
and  proceedings  at  law  of  whatever  nature  by  the  district  courts  of  the 
United  States  and  the  courts  of  the  District  of  Columbia.  Thai  m 
prescribing  such  ndes  the  Supreme  Court  shall  have  regard  to  the 
simplifieation  of  the  system  of  pleading,  practice,  and  procedure  in 
eaia  courts,  so  as  to  promote  the  speedy  determination  of  Utigatiom  on 
the  merits* 

8k.  2.  That  when  and  as  the  rules  of  the  court  herein  authorised  shall 
be  promulgated,  all  laws  in  conflict  therewith  shall  be  and  become  of  no 
further  force  and  effect. 


382  RBPORT  OF   COMMITTBE  ON 

APPENDIX  B. 

CfHBONOLOGY. 

1910.  Auffust.    The  matter  was  mooted  at  the  ChattanooRa  meeting 

of  the  American  Bar  Aaeociation. 
1010.    December  6.    President  Taft,  in  an  official  message  to  Confess, 
said: 

"  One  ^reat  oying  need  in  the  United  States  is  cheapening  the 
cost  of  htigation  by  simplifying  judicial  procedure  and  elxpediting 
hnal  judgment.  Under  present  conditions  the  poor  man  is  at  woeful 
disadvantage  in  a  legal  contest  with  a  corporation  or  a  rich  opponent. 
The  necessity  for  the  reform  exists  both  in  United  States  courts 
and  in  all  state  courts.  In  order  to  bring  it  about,  however,  it 
naturally  falls  to  the  general  government  by  its  example  to  furnish 
a  model  to  all  states 

"  Under  the  law  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  has  the 
power  and  is  given  the  duty  to  frame  the  equity  rules  of  procedure 
which  are  to  obtain  in  the  federal  courts  of  first  instance.  In  view 
of  the  heavy  burden  of  pressing  litigation  which  that  court  has  had 
to  carry,  with  one  or  two,  of  its  members  incapacitated  through  ill 
health,  it  has  not  been  able  to  take  up  problems  of  improving  the 
equity  procedure  which  has  practically  remained  the  same  since  the 
oi]ganization  of  the  court  in  1789.  It  is  reasonable  to  expect  that 
with  all  the  vacancies  upon  the  court  filled,  it  will  take  up  the 
question  of  cheapenin^^  and  simplifying  the  procedure  in  equity 
in  the  courts  of  the  Umted  States.  The  equity  ^business  is  much  the 
more  expensive.  /  am  strongly  convinced  that  the  best  method 
of  improinng  Judicial  procedure  at  law  is  to  empower  the  Supreme 
Court  to  do  it  through  the  medium  of  the  rules  of  the  court,  as  m 
equity.  This  is  the  way  in  which  it  has  been  done  in  England,  and 
thoroughly  done.  The  simplicity  and  expedition  of  procedure  in 
the  English  courts  today  make  a  model  for  the  reform  of  other 
systems 

"I  cannot  conceive  any  higher  duty  that  the  Supreme  Court 
could  perform  than  in  leading  the  way  to  a  simplification  of  pro- 
cedure in  the  United  States  courts." 

1911.  July  12.     President  Wilson's  address  before  the  Kentucky  Bar 

Association: 
**  There  are  two  present  and  immediate  tests  of  the  serviceability 
of  the  legal  profession  to  the  nation,  which  I  think  will  at  once  be 
recognized  as  tests  which  it  is  fair  to  apply.  In  the  first  place,  there 
is  the  critical  matter  of  reform  of  legal  procedure— 4he  almost 
invariable  theme,  if  I  am  not  mistaken,  of  all  speakers  upon  this 
question  from  the  President  of  the  United  States  down.  America 
taqs  far  behind  other  counlries  m  the  essential  matter  of  putfjima  the 
whole  emphasis  in  our  courts  upon  the  wbstance  of  right  and 
ptstice.  If  the  bar  associations  of  this  country  were  to  devote 
themselves,  with  the  ^at  knowledge  and  ability  at  their  com- 
mand, to  the  utter  aunplification  of  judicial  procedure,  to  the 
abolition  of  techincal  difficulties  and  pitfalls,  to  the  removal  of 
every  unnecessary  form,  to  the  absolute  subordination  of  method 
to  the  object  sought,  th^  would  do  a  great  patriotic  service,  which, 
if  ti)^  win  not  address  themselves  to  it,  must  be  undertaken  by 
lajrmen  and  novices.  The  actual  miscarriages  of  justice,  because  at 
nothing  more  than  a  mere  slip  in  a  phrase  or  a  mere  error  in  an 
immaterial  form,  are  nothing  less  than  ahocking.  Their  number  is 
incalculable,  but  much  more  incalculable  than  their  number  is 
the  damage  they  do  to  the  reputation  of  the  profession  and  to  the 


UNIFOBM  JUDICIAL  PBOCBDUBE.  383 

majesty  and  integrity  of  the  law.  Any  one  bar  oisociatian  which 
would  show  the  way  to  radical  reform  in  these  matters  wotUd  insure 
a  universal  reconsideration  of  the  matter  from  one  end  of  the 
country  to  the  other  and  would  by  that  means  redeem  the  reputation 
of  a  great  profession  and  set  American  society  forward  a  whole 
generation  in  the  struggle  for  an  equitable  adjustment  of  its 
difficulties." 
1011.    August  17.    Resolution  offered  in  American  Bar  Association  at 

Boston.    (A.  B.  A.  Rep.,  p.  50.) 
1912.    August  27.     Resolution   unanimously   adopted  and   committee 

created  at  Milwaukee.    (A.  B.  A.  Rep.,  pp.  35,  434.) 
1912.    December  2.    American  Bar  Association's  Procedural  Bill  intro- 
duced in  the  House  of  Representatives  by  Chairman  Henry  D. 
Cliiyton. 

1912.    .    Bill   also   introduced   in  Senate  by   Chairman  C.   A.. 

Culberson, 

1913.  September  2.    Work  of  committee  endorsed  at  Montreal  and 

Conference  of  Judges  organized.    (A.  B.  A.  Rep.,  pp.  34,  541.) 

1913. Sjrmposium  on  Procedure  conducted  by  the 'American 

Bar  Association  at  its  Montreal  meeting. 

1914.  February  27.    Messrs.  Wm.  Howard  Taft,  Elihu  Root.  Alton  B. 

Parker,  James  D.  Andrews  and  Thomas  W.  Shelton  appeared 
before  the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  and  presented  evidence  and  made  arguments 
in  favor  of  the  Bill. 

1914.  March  27.  Unanimous  report  in  favor  of  the  bill  made  by  the 
Committee  on  the  Judiciary  of  the  House  of  Representatives 
giving  reasons  and  citing  authorities.  Copies  can  be  had  from 
your  Congressman, 

1914.  October  20.  Work  of  committee  again  unanimously  endorsed 
(A.  B.  A.  Rep.,  pp.  45  and  571),  President  Taft's  annual  address 
before  the  Convention  endorsed  the  campaign,  and  approved  its 
object  and  purpose.    (A.  B.  A.  Rep.,  p.  381.) 

1914.  December  1.    Hon.  William  Howard  Taft  became  a  member  of 

the  Committee  on  Uniform  Judicisil  Procedure. 

1915.  Januarv  9.    President  Wilson  spoke  at  Indianapolis  and  said: 

**  I  do  know  that  the  United  States,  in  its  judicial  procedure,  is 
many  decades  behind  every  other  civilized  government  in  the 
world;  and  I  say  that  it  is  an  immediate  and  imperative  call  upon 
us  to  rectify  that,  because  the  speediness  of  justice,  the  inexpensive- 
ness  of  justice,  tJie  ready  access  of  justice,  is  the  greater  part  of 
justice  itself. 

**  If  you  have  to  be  rich  to  get  justice,  because  of  the  cost  of  the 

very  process  itself,  then  there  is  no  justice  at  all.    So  I  say  there 

is  another  direction  in  which  we  ought  to  be  very  quick  to  see  the 

signs  of  the  times  and  to  help  those  who  need  to  be  helped." 

1915.    August  17.    Report  of  committee  again  unanimously  endorsed 

and  a  special  resolution  adopted  instructing  the  committee  to 

appeal  to  the  President  and  Congress.    This  appeal  was  made. 

(A.  B.  A.  Rep.,  pp.  32,  40,  502.) 

1915.  November  10.    There  was  a  hearing  before  a  sub-committee  of 

the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary  of  the  Senate. 

1916.    .    Entire  program  endorsed  by  the  Judicial  Section.    (A. 

B.  A.  Rep.,  p.  752.) 

1916.    November.    President  Wilson,  in  his  New  York  address,  said: 
"  The  procedure  of  our  courts  is  antiquated  and  a  hindrance,  not 
an  aid,  m  the  just  administration  of  the  law.    We  must  simplify 
and  reform  it  as  other  enlightened  nations  have  done,  and  make 
courts  of  justice  out  of  courts  of  law." 
13 


384  BEPOBT  OF  COMMITTBS  ON 


1917.    Januaiy  2.    There  was  a  favorable  report  on  the  bill  by  the 

Senate  Judiciary  Committee.  The  following  Senators  voted 
against  it  and  ngned  a  minority  report,  vii.:  T.  J.  Walrik,  C.  A. 
Culberson,  W.  E.  Chilton,  Duncan  U.  Fletcher,  James  A.  Reed, 
Henry  P.  Asfaurst,  Jno.  K.  Shields,  Hoke  Smith,  AJbeet  B. 
Cummins.  (Memo.)  Senator  Chilton  is  not  in  the  jpresent 
Senate  and  Senator  Fletcher  will  vote  for  the  bill.  Senator 
Culberson  wrote  that  he  would  favor  his  own  bill  which  is 
almost  identical  with  the  present  one.    (See  1917  Report.) 

1917.  September  5.     Again   endorsed  by  American  Bar  Aasodation 

(A.  B.  A.  Rep.,  p.  87). 

1918.  September  4.     Again  endorsed  by  American  Bar  Association. 

(A.  B.  A.  Rep.) 

1918.  Advocated  by  every  law  magazine  in  the  United  States. 

1919.  Advocated  bv  AttomQr-General  Gregory  in  a  letter  to  Senator 

Overman,  the  patron  of  the  bill  introduced  in  1918.  Advocated 
by  Attorney-General  Palmer  in  a  letter  to  the  Chairman  of 
your  committee. 
1919.  Mf^  26.  Bill  introduced  by  Senator  Frank  B.  Kellogg  of  Minne- 
sota, member  of  the  Judiciary  (Committee  of  the  Senate  and  a 
former  President  of  the  American  Bar  Association. 
1919.    September  4.     Again  endorsed  by  American  Bar  Association. 

(A.  B.  A.  Rep.) 
1921.    Again  endorsed  by  the  American  Bar  Association. 
The  program  has  also  been  ^dorsed  by 
The  National  Association  of  Credit  Men, 
The  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  the  United  States, 
The  Southern  Commercial  Congress, 
The  Commercial  Law  League  of  America, 
The  National  Civic  Federation, 
Forty-six  State  Bar  Associations, 
The  Deans  of  the  leading  law  schools  of  the  country, 
The  law  joiu'nals  and  periodicals. 

The  Judicial  Section  of  the  American  Bar  Association,  and 
Henry  Watterson  in  the  Courier-^ ournal  and  other  law 
editors. 


APPENDIX  C. 

Copy  of  Preamble  and  Besolutions  Passed  at  the  Twenty- 
FiBST  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Pennsylvania  Bab 
Association. 

Whereas,  The  American  Bar  Association  is  making  an  earnest  and 
organized  effort  to  modernize  and  make  uniform  the  procedure  of  the 
courts,  and 

Whereas,  There  is  pending  in  the  63d  Congress  a  bill  known  as  H.  R. 
No.  133,  intended  to  vest  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  the 
power  to  formulate  and  put  into  enect  a  complete  Qystem  of  rules  for  the 
detail  regulation  of  the  federal  district  courts,  and 

Whereas,  Such  a  system  will  prove  a  model  that  may  be  followed  by 
the  several  states  and  thus  bring  about  uniformity;  and 

Whereas,  The  Bar  Association  of  the  State  of  Peim^ylvania  is  in  entire 
sympathy  with  the  American  Bar  Association's  program,  and  it  is  desired 
to  give  expression  to  the  same; 


UNIFOBK  JODIOIAL  PROOBDUBS.  885 

Be  it  r€9olv0d,  That  the  Bar  Anodation  of  the  State  of  Pennnrlvaiiia 
formally  gives  ezprefluon  to  its  entire  ^nnpathy  with  and  approval  of  the 
Ameriean  Bar  Aaaociation^B  program^and  does  respectfully  and  earnestly 
request  Congress  to  enact  into  law  House  Bill  133  at  the  eamliest  pos- 
sible moment;  and 

Be  U  re»o/tHNi.  That  a  special  committee,  to  be  composed  of  one  mem- 
ber from  each  Congressional  district  of  this  state,  to  be  named  by  the 
President,  is  hereby  created  for  the  purpose  of  presenting  these  resohi- 
tions  to  the  Congressmen  and  Senators  of  this  state  uid  to  the  President 
of  the  United  States^  and  otherwise  to  cooperate  with  the  American  Bar 
Association's  Committee  on  Uniform  Judicial  Procedure  in  its  campaign. 

Mbmo.— -The  form  of  H.  R.  133  is  identical  with  S.  2870  introduced  by 
Senator  Kellogg  and  H.  R.  2377  introduced  by  Chairman  Volstead  and 
is  in  the  same  torm  as  first  introduced  except  the  explanatoiy  lines  appear- 
ing in  italics. 


APPENDIX  D. 

Copt  of  Preamble  and  Resolutions  Passed  at  the  1920 
Annual  Mebtino  of  the  Illinois  and  the  Virginia 
State  Bar  Associations. 

Whkias,  In  the  year  1911,  in  response  to  an  ever  increasing  public 
demand,  the  American  Bar  Association  started  and  has  since  niade  an 
earnest,  persistent  and  organised  effort  to  brin^  about  a  nbore  certain, 
steadier,  less  expensive  and  less  technical  administration  of  justice  in 
America  and  to  that  end  modernise  and  make  imiform  the  procedure  of 
the  Courts;  and 

Whibbas,  For  over  eight  years  there  has  been  pendinjs  in  Congress 
substantially  the  same  bills  known  in  the  present  Session  as  S^te 
No.  1214  and  in  the  House  as  H.  R.  No.  133  intended  to  vest  in  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  the  power  to  formulate  and  put  into 
effect  a  complete  mtem  of  rules  for  the  detail  regulation  of  the  federal 
district  courts;  and 

Whbbias,  Such  a  flvstem  will  prove  a  model  that- may  be  followed  by 
the  several  states  and  thus  bring  about  uniformity;  and 

Whirbas,  Todav  there  exists  throujshout  the  country  an  earnest  desire 
of  Bench,  Bar  and  People  for  immediate  action,  as  evidenced  in  part  by 
resolutions  repeatedly  passed;  and 

Whrbeas,  The  Bar  Association  of  the  State  of  Illinois  is  in  entire 
sympathy  with  said  movement  and  with  the  American  Bar  Association's 
program,  and  it  ig  desired  to  give  expression  to  the  same;  and 

Whboas.  There  is  pending  in  the  Judiciary  Committee  of  the  United 
States  a  bill  known  as  No.  8.  1214  and  the  identical  bill,  although  un* 
animously  recommended  by  the  Judiciary  Committee  of  the  House,  has 
been  held  in  the  Judiciary  Committee  of  the  Senate  for  more  than  eight 
years; 

Therefore,  be  it  reeolved,  That  the  Bar  Association  of  the  State  of 
'  Illinois  formally  gives  expression  to  its  entire  sympathy  with  and  approval 
of  the  program  of  the  American  Bar  Association;  and 

Be  it  further  reeolved,  That  the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary  of  the 
United  States  Senate  be  and  it  is  respectfully  but  eamestb^  requested  to 
make  an  immediate  report  in  order  that  a  vote  may  be  had  in  the 
Senate  at  this  seanon;  and:  The  Illinois  State  Bar  Araociation  does 
hereby  respectfully  and  earnestly  request  Congress  to  enact  into  law 
Senate  Bill  No.  1214  at  the  earliest  possible  moment;  and 


886  RBPOKT  OF   COMMITTBE  ON 

Be  it  further  resolved,  That  a  Special  Committee,  to  be  oompo0ed  of 
one  member  from  each  Congreesional  district  of  this  state,  to  be  named 
by  the  President,  is  hereby  created  for  the  purpose  of  presenting  these 
resolutions  to  the  Congressmen  and  Senators  of  this  state  and  to  the 
President  of  the  United  States,  and  otherwise  to  cooperate  with  the 
American  Bar  Association's  Committee  on  Uniform  Judicial  Procedure  in 
its  campaign. 

(Mbmo. — All  State  Bar  Associations  are  earnestly  requested  to  adopt 
the  above  form  of  resolution.) 


APPENDIX  E. 

Instances  of  Failube  to  Conform  to  State  P^ctice. 

It  will  be  interesting  to  observe  a  few  instances  where  conformity  was 
impractical  and  the  Supreme  Court  so  held.  A  state  statutory  right  to 
a  change  of  venue  was  denied  in  Kennon  vs.  Gilmer  (1889,  131  U.  8.,  24; 
33  L.  ed.,  110).  That  the  personal  conduct  and  administration  of  a 
federal  jud^e  was  not  afTected  by  a  state  statute  regulating  the  manner 
in  which  a  jury  should  be  charged  was  held  in  Nudd  vs.  Burrows  (1875, 
91  U.  S.,  441 ;  23  L.  ed.,  286).  That  the  provisions  for  imiformity  do  not 
extend  to  modes  of  procedure  established  by  judicial  interpretation  of 
common  law  but  only  to  statutes,  was  held  in  Wall.  vs.  0.  Sc  O.  R.  R.  Co. 
(C.  C.  A.,  1899;  95  Fed.,  398).  That  actions  at  law,  regardless  of  state 
statutes,  must  be  brought  in  the  name  of  the  owner  of  the  legal  title,  was 
held  in  Norfolk  Co.  vs.  Sullivan  (111  Fed.,  181).  That  statutory  sub* 
stituted  service  is  not  applicable  to  the  federal  courts.  (Bracken  vs. 
Union  P.  R.  R.  (C.  C.  A.,  1893),  56  Fed.,  447.)  That  a  federal  rule  of 
practice  prevailed  regardless  of  a  subsequent  state  statute  altering  the 
time  in  which  a  writ  is  returnable.  (Shepherd  vs.  Adams  (1898),  supra.) 
That  amendments  of  process  and  pleadings  allowed  by  state  statutes  wiU 
not  be  followed  when  inconsistent  with  federal  statutes  or  amendments. 
(Henderson  vs.  Louisville  R.  R.  Co.  (1887),  123  U.  8.,  64.)  That  an 
equitable  counter  claim  cannot  be  set  up  in  a  federal  court.  (Churdi  vs. 
Speigleburg  (1887),  31  Fed.,  601.)  That  the  granting  or  refusing  of  a 
continuance  is  a  matter  within  the  discretion  of  the  court  notwithstanding 
a  contrary  state  statute.  (Texas  R.  (Do.  vs.  Nelson  (C.  C.  A.,  1892), 
50  Fed.,  814.)  That  the  selections  of  jurors  does  not  follow  the  mode 
prescribed  by  state  statutes.  (Brewer  vs.  Jacobs  (1884),  22  Fed.,  217*) 
That  a  state  statute  permitting  a  party  to  be  examined  by  his  adversary 
in  advance  of  the  trial  will  not  be  foUowed.  (Union  P.  Co.  vs.  Botflford 
(1891),  141  U.  S.,  257;  35  L.  ed.,  735.)  That  the  competency  of  witnessea 
depends  upon  Section  858,  Revised  Statutes,  and  not  upon  state  statutes. 
To  effect  this  it  was  held  that  Section  921,  Revised  Statutes,  prevailed 
over  Section  914,  Revised  Statutes;  that  the  production  of  books  and 
papers  was  regulated  by  Section  721,  Revised  Statutes,  as  amended  and 
not  by  the  state  statutes;  that  the  federal  courts  might  instruct  a  veidiet 
or  order  a  compulsory  nonsuit  or  for  the  defendant  or  plaintiff,  regardless 
of  state  statute.  (Vicksburg  Co.  vs.  Putnam  (1886),  118  U.  8.,  553; 
30  L.  ed.,  257.)  That  instructions  need  not  be  in  writing.  (Lincoln  vs. 
Power  Ck).  (1894)^  151  U.  S.,  442;  38  L.  ed.,  224.)  That  a  state  statute 
requiring  instruction  or  a  special  verdict  need  not  be  observed.  (U.  8. 
Mutual  Co.  vs.  Barry  (1889),  131  U.  8.,  119;  33  Fed.  69.)  The  granting 
and  refusing  of  new  trials  is  not  controlled  by  state  staUites.  (Newcomb 
vs.  Wood  (1878),  97  U.  8. 583;  24  L.  ed..  1085.)  That  the  question  of  ooflt 
is  not  governed  by  state  statutes  but  by  Section  823,  Revised  Statutes, 
which  was  held  to  supersede  Section  914,  Revised  Statutes.   That  every- 


UNIFORM  JUPICIiX  PnOCXDURB.  387 

thing  after  a  judgment  looking  to  its  review  in  an  appellate  eourt.is. 
regulated  solely  bv  the  acts  of  Congress.  (Hudson  vs.  Parker  (1875). 
156  U.  8.,  281 ;  39  L.  ed.,  424.)  That  regulations  concerning  preserving  ot 
exceptions  are  not  governed  by  state  statutes.  (Chataugay  (Do.  vs. 
Petitioner  (1882),  U.  S.,  553;  32  L.  ed.,  5ll.)  That  the  means  of -enforc- 
ing a  judgment  are  not  within  state  statutes  but  Sections  915  and  916, 
Revised  Statutes.  (U.  8.  vs.  Train  (1882),  12  Fed.,  853.)  That  a  stay  of 
execution  is  not  governed  by  state  statutes;  that  Section  916  supersedes 
Section  914.    (Lancaster  vs.  Keller  (1887),  123  U.  S.,  389.)    That  sUte 

famishment  proceedings  will  not  be  followed.  (Atlantic  R.  Co.  vs. 
fopkins  (1876),  94  U.  S.,  18;  24  L.  ed.,  48.)  That  mandamus  proceed-, 
ings  will  not  follow  state  practice.  (Batch  Co.  vs.  Amy  (1871),  13  Wall., 
250;  20  L.  ed.,  541.)  That  a  proceeding  to  restore  records  is  not  within 
Section  914,  Revised  Statutes.  (3  Bias  (U.  8.),  307  (1872).)  That  the 
question  of  jurisdiction  was  controlled  solely  by  federal  statutes.  (Mexi- 
can Co.  vs.  Pinckney,  sttpra,)  That  wherever  Congress  h&s  legislated  on 
or  in  reference  to  a  particular  subject  involving  practice  or  procedure  the 
state  statutes  are  never  held  to  be  controlling.  (Harkness  vs.  Hyde,  98 
U.  8..  476;  25  L.'ed.) 


fi 


;/ 


888 


UNIFOBM  JUDICIAL  PROOEDUBB. 


THE  PROPORTION  OF  DECISIONS  ON  PLEADINGS  IN  APPELLATE  COURTS 


Juriadiotion 


Volnmes 
Examined 


Date 


Total 
cases 

exam- 
ined 


Re- 

▼ersala 


Afllrm- 
ancet 


Total 
pleading 

dii- 
caaaiona 


English  c  o  m- 
mon  law  plead- 
ing   


'-H.  L... 
Ex.  Gh 
Ex.  Ch 
&  Exch 
K.  B. 


e;}{ 


LTotal 


English  Hilary  r  Ex.  Ch.dt    "^ 
Rules  pleadingly     Exch. ...  J 

fH.L 


English  Judi 
catu  re  Acts^ 
pleading 


U.  S.  Sup.  Ct. 
California. . . 


Divisional 
courts    and 
Court  of  Ap 
peal 


Connecticut. 


Illinois 


Iowa  . . 
Kansas 


Sup.  Ct  .... 

Sup.  Ct  . . . . 

App.  Ct  . . . . 

Appeals 
from  the 
Munici- 
pal Court 
of  Chi- 
cago .... 


Massachusetts. 
Michigan , 


Missouri 

New  York.... 

Ohio 

Pennsylvania, 
Tennessee.. .. . 
Virginia  .... 

Wisconsin  ... 


1  Dow  &  Clark 
1  &  2  Cr.  4i&  J."! 
Ed.  Ch.  cases  V 

only J 

IC.&M 

1  Nev.  &  M.. . 


16M.  &  W... 

A.  C  1906^09 . 

(1907)  2Ch.^ 
(part) 

(1908)  1  &  2 
Ch 

(1909)  1&3 
Ch 

(1907)2K.B. 
(part)    1908 

1  &  2  K.  B. 
(1909)  1&2 

K.  B 

221-24  

152-55  

{IJ-.;:::;::;} 

240-43 

249-52 

145-48 


r  145-48 
\161... 


} 


139-42  . 
77-80  ., 

i204 
206-09  , 
160 
189 

233-6  . 

ri97 

V199-202 
77-80... 

250 

121 

111-12 
r 100-01 
\  145-46 


1827-^0 

1830^^2 

1833 
1832-33/ 

1846-47 
1906-09 


1907-09 


1910-11 

1907-09 

1908-09  \ 

1915-16/ 

1909-10 

1910-11 

1908-09 


1908-09 
1911 


} 


1908-09 

1908-09 

1910       \ 

1910-11 J 

1910 

1916 

1910-11 

1909-10  \ 

1910-11 J 

1907-09 

1917 

1908 

1910-11 

1898-99 

1911 


32 

13 

171 
139 
355 

134 

280 


325 


234 
435 

208 

283 
275 
484 


135 


425 
585 

550 

110 
101 
132 

267 

132 
124 
26 
232 
185 
173 


lin6 

1  in  34 
1  in  139 
1  in44 

1  in  33 

0 


1  in  162 


1  in  13 
1  in  15 

1  in  21 

1  in  15 
1  in  14 
1  in  19 


1  in  135 


1  in  15 
1  in  13 

1  in  92 

1  in  37 

0 
1  in  44 

1  in  13 


in  9 
in  21 
in  26 
in  20 
in  15 
in  43 


1  in  11 

1  in4 

1  in  6 
1  in  8 
1  in  7 

1  in  3 

0 


lin46 


1  in  5 


lin 


5 


1  in  5 
1  in  6 
1  in  8 


1  in  23 


1  in  11 

1  in  14 
1  in  20 
1  in4 

1  in  13 


in  8 
in  5 
in? 
in  6 
in? 


lin  11 

lin  3 

lin  5 
lin? 
1  in6 

lin  3 

0 


1  in  36 


1  in4 


1  in4 

1  in4 
1  in4 
1  in  5 


1  in  19 


1  in  10 

lin  10 
lin  20 
1  in4 

1  in  ? 


in  6 
in  4 
in  5 
in  4 
in  6 


REPORT 

09  TBI 

CHAIRMAN   OF  THE*  COMMITTEE   ON   MEMBERSHIP  FOR 

THE  YEAR  1921-1922. 

To  the  Members  of  the  American  Bar  Association: 

In  presenting  the  second  report  of  the  Membership  Committee, 
created  in  192 1,  the  Chairman  desires  again  to  express  his  satisfac* 
tion  with  the  operation  and  general  results  of  the  plan  under 
which  the  committee  is  Working. 

Thifi  plan^  it  will  be  remembered,  provides  for  a  division  of  the 
states  and  territories  into  11  membership  districts.  For  instance, 
the  first  district  is  composed  of  the  states  of  Maine,  New  Hamp* 
shire,  Vermont,  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island  and  Connecticut. 
Eight  districts,  composed  of  similar  geographically  convenient 
groups,  cover  the  continental  United  States  and  Alaska.  The 
ninth  district  covers  Hawaii,  the  tenth,  the  Philippine  Islands 
and  the  eleventh,  Porto  Rico. 

A  director  having  supervision  of  the  membership  work  in  his 
entire  district,  who  is  known  as  the  district  director,  is  appointed 
in  each  of  the  11  districts,  and  a  state  director  is  appointed  in  each 
of  the  states  throughout  the  country,  who  in  turn  appoints  so- 
called  county  advisers  in  each  of  the  counties  in  his  state.  A  very 
complete  and  efficient  organization  is  thus  established. 

The  outstanding  feature  of  the  work  of  the  committee  is  again 
this  year,  as  was  the  case  last  year,  the  admirable  spirit  of  service 
to  the  Association  manifested  by  the  mtmbers  of  the  committee, 
resulting  in  perfect  co-operation  between  the  over  3000  member- 
ship units  which  compose  it. 

The  activity  in  the  various  states  of  so  many  men  deeply  inter- 
ested in  our  Association  inevitably  results  in  the  wide  dissemina- 
tion of  information  concerning  the  Association  and  its  affairs. 
Results  most  valuable  to  the  Association  are  thus  obtained  in 
addition  to  the  actual  securing  of  new  members.  This  feature  of 
the  committee's  work  emphasizes  its  importance  as  a  factor  in  aid 
of  the  development  of  the  Association.  If  the  workers  do  not 
always  secure  in  their  respective  communities  the  applications  of 
men  whose  membership  they  solicit,  nevertheless  the  missionary 
work  is  done,  attention  is  called  to  the  Association  and  the  scope 
and  character  of  the  work  it  is  doing  and  thus  the  seed  is  sown. 

As  the  result  of  the  year's  work  in  increasing  the  membership 
of  our  Association,  the  committee  hsfi  secured  3065  applications — 
an  impressive  figure,  especially  to  those  of  us  who  were  members 

(3891 


390     REPORT  OF  CHAIRMAN  OF  COMMITTEE  ON  MEMBERSHIP. 

of  our  Association  in  the  days  when  the  entire  membership  was 
less  than  the  increase  realized  this  year.  Indeed,  it  is  scarcely 
more  than  a  decade  ago  when  our  roster  contained  less  than  3000 
members. 

A  splendid  body  of  men  has  been  added  to  our  Association  this 
year  from  the  great  Bar  of  the  Pacific  Co^t.  We,  as  a  national 
organisation^  needed  this  strengthening  of  our  membership  in  the 
T'frest.  To  the  new  men  now  entering  our  Association  we  extend 
a  most  warm  and  cordial  welcome. 

Without  attempting  to  tabulate  the  increase  of  our  membership 
in  each  state,  the  Chairman  desires  to  emphasize  the  fact  that  the 
17  states  west  of  the  Missouri  Eiver  have  contributed  this  year 
1503  new  members  to  our  Association.  Of  this  number  California 
alone  has  given. us  901. 

Another  notable  result  was  that  achieved  in  the  State  of  New 
York.  It  had  seemed  to  the  Membership  Committee  that  New 
Yoric  had  already  given  to  our  Association  her  full  quota,  but 
nevertheless  the  campaign  made  there  this  year  brought  to  us  an 
additional  511  new  members. 

The  Chairman  of  the  committee  desires  here  to  record  hiB  most 
earnest  appreciation  of  the  perfect  co-operation  in  this  important 
work  of  the  fellow-members  of  the  committee  as  well  as  of  the 
vice-presidents  and  members  of  the  local  councils  in  the  respec- 
tive states.  The  promptness  with  which  the  various  local  councils 
acted  upon  the  lists  of  nominations  submitted  to  them  for  their 
approval  during  the  year  has  aided  greatly  in  the  despatch  of  the 
vftst  amount  of  work  which  the  committee  is  called  upon  to  per- 
form. As  especially  noteworthy  feature  of  the  work  done  by  these 
councils  was  the  painstaking  care  that  was  exercised  in  the  dis- 
charge of  their  important  duties  in  examining  and  passing  upon 
the  lists  of  nominations. ♦ 

Respectively  submitted, 

Frederick  E.  Wadhams, 
Chairman  of  Membership  Committee, 

Dated  August  10,  192t. 


REPORT 

OF  THB 

SPECIAL  COMMITTEE  ON  THE  CLASSIFICATION  AND 

RESTATEMENT  OF  THE  LAW.     . 

To  the  American  Bar  Association: 

Your  Committee  recommends  the  passage  of  the  following 
resolution: 

Retolved,  That  the  report  of  the  Special  Coounittee  on  ClassificatioD 
and  Restatement  of  the  Law  be  received  and  adopted,  and  that  said 
committee  be  continued  and  made  a  standing  committee  of  this  Asao- 
ciation  and  directed  in  conjunction  with  the  Executive  Committee  to 
cooperate  with  the  Committee  of  the  American  Academy  of  Jurispru- 
dence in  the  plans  and  work  of  Classifying  and  Restating  the  Law.. 

The  attitude  of  this  Association  toward  this  great  project 
took  definite  form  in  the  resolution  and  the  report  accompanying 
it  submitted  by  this  Committee  at  the  meeting  in  1920.  Thai 
report  was  not  printed  in  the  proceeding  of  the  Association  and  in 
view  of  the  action  taken  a^  reported  herein,  the  Committee  deems 
it  important  that  aU  the  members  be  given  the  facility  to. read 
that  report  and  accordingly  recommend  that  it  be  printed  in  the 
proeee^iugs  of  this  year's  meeting  aa  appendix  ^^A"  to  this  report. 

The  resolution  referred  to  as  having  been  submitted  and  ap* 
proved^  directed  this  Committee  and  the  Executive  Committee  to 
cooperate  with  others  not  specifically  named  in  bringing  about  an 
organization  for  the  classification  and  restatement  of  the  Law. 
The  Executive  Comniittee  has  at  each  subsequent  meeting  taken 
important  action  to  that  end. 

Your  Coimnittee  is  at  this  time  able  to  report  that  an  organi- 
zation has  been  effected  deemed  by  those  who  have  been  delegated 
to  cooperate  in  its  creation  adequate  to  conserve  and  mobilize  the 
resources  and  talents  of  the  whole  bar  for  the  performance  of  the 
object  in  view. 

The  principal  features  of  this  organization  are  these : 

The  aim  is  to  secure  the  cooperation  of  all  the  active  members 
of  the  profession  in  the  creation  of  a  great  work  which  will  con^ 
stitute  a  comprehensive,  systematic  statement  of  the  whole  body 
of  actuallaw with  a  background  showing  its  gradual  development 
through  the  past  seven  centuries. 

(391) 


392  BSPORT  OF  SPBCIAL  OOMMITTEB  ON 

Several  great  principles  have  guided  the  efforts  toward  this 
or^nizatioB : 

First.  The  necessity  for  a  comprehensive  organization  of  the 
Bar. 

Second*  The  necessity  for  a  comprehensive  organization  of  the 
highest  type  of  law  writers. 

Third.  The  creation  of  plans  which  are  in  truth  both  scien- 
tific and  practical  that  is  dominated  by  logic  in  arrangement  and 
simplicity  in  methods  and  processes  of  statement. 

Fourth.  The  necessity  of  carrying  to  the  Bench,  the  Bar 
and  to  legislators  a  uniform  conception  of  the  Institutions,  the 
Principles,  Bules  and  constructive  precedents  which  constitute  the 
existing  body  of  the  law,  which  can  only  be  done  by  the  creation 
and  dissemination  of  such  a  restatement  of  the  law  as  that  pro- 
posed. 

Fifth.  The  creation  of  a  jurisprudence  fund  or  endowment  out 
of  the  profits  which  will  naturally  accrue  from  a  normal  sale  of 
the  books.  This  fund  to  be  divided  between  the  American  Bar 
Association  and  the  American  Academy  of  Jurisprudence  to  be 
administered  by  them  in  support  of  various  activities  for  the 
advancement  of  Jurisprudence  and  the  improvement  of  the  law. 

The  Academy  Publishing  Company  mentioned  is  an  eesential 
auxiliary  incident  to  the  carrying  on  of  the  necessary  business 
operations  of  such  an  enterprise. 

An  examination  of  the  prospectus  will  make  plain  to  the  mem- 
bers that  the  Bar  has  the  power  to  support  and  carry  out  this 
great  work  with  direct  economy  and  saving  to  the  lawyers  of  the 
country  and  the  immediate  improvement  of  the  law. 

It  would  unnecessarily  increase  the  size  of  this  report  to  enter 
into  the  details  of  the  plans  and  processes  whereby  this  work  is 
to  be  carried  out.  We  need  but  repeat  what  was  said  in  the  report 
above  referred  to,  that  the  details  may  safely  be  left  to  those  who 
will  be  chosen  to  do  the  work. 

The  fact  that  the  plans  of  organization  and  the  general  plans 
for  the  work  have  met  the  approval  of  the  various  Committees 
and  of  so  many  great  scholars,  jurists  and  lawyers  is  sufficient 
assurance  to  the  Bar  of  the  great  imporliiance  of  the  work  and  the 
practical  nature  of  the  plans. 

The  consensus  of  these  opinions  is  well  expressed  by  the  late 
John  F.  Dillon.    In  1894  he  wrote : 

The  work  of  jurists  and  legislators  during  the  next  century  will  be 
preeminently  the  work  of  c^rstematic  restatement.  This  work  must  be 
done.  If  not  done  by  choice,  the  inexorable  logic  of  neoessity  will 
oompel  its  performance.  This  work,  as  important  and  noble  as  any  that 
can  engage  the  attention  of  men.  will  fall  to  the  profession  to  do,  since 
it  cannot  be  done  by  others.  It  rests,  therefore,  upon  the  profession 
as  a  duty. 


CLASSIFICATION  AND  BSSTATBMBNT  OF  LAW. 


393 


Again^  more  recently^  speaking  of  this  specific  project  he  wrote : 

.  .  •  •  I  heartihr  endarse  the  spirit,  purposes  and  scheme  of  this 
great  subject.  It  £as  all  the  elements  of  a  patriotic  and  philanthropic 
object  of  the  highest  national  and  public  importance.  Its  execution  must 
not  be  put  upon  any  lower  basis  than  that  it  intimately  oonoems 
the  pubho  and  general  welfare,  present  and  future,  on  matters  of  the 
supremest  moment  to  eveiy  man,  woman  and  child  in  the  United  States. 

Your  Committee  commends  this  subject  to  the  Bar  with  con- 
fidence that  the  members  of  the  Bar  when  they  come  to  understand 
its  nature^  its  scope  and  importance  to  the  profession  and  the 
public  will  give  it  their  immediate  and  energetic  support. 

Bespectfully  submitted^ 

Jakes  DbWitt  Andrews,  Chairman, 

EuosNE  C.  Massie, 

Chablbs  N.  Potter,  ^ 

Edwin  M.  Bobohabd, 

Henry  M.  Bates, 


REPORT 

or   THB 

COMMITTEE  ON  PUBLICITY. 

To  the  American  Bar  Association: 

The  Committee  on  Publicity  respectfully  reports  that  on  its 
appointment  it  continued  friendly  and  helpful  relations  with  the 
Associated  Press  and  publishers  and  editors  of  important  metro- 
politan papers.  It  is  acting  in  close  co-operation  with  the  Bar 
Association  Journal  and^  using  a  selected  and  approved  list  of 
local  newspapers,  has  sent  such  information  as  really  amounted 
to  news  to  legal  journals  and'  daily  and  weekly  papers  in  all 
parts  of  the  country.  The  results  were  tested  by  a  subscription 
to  a  news  clipping  bureau  from  which  the  returns  were  so  large 
that  the  service  was  discontinued.  To  the  same  general  list  of 
fourteen  hundred  were  sent  digests  of  some  of  the  more  popular 
articles  appearing  in  the  Journal.  Special  attention  was,  of 
course,  paid  to  the  Conference  of  Bar  Association  Delegates 
discussing  legal  education.  We  have  been  in  correspondence 
with  judges  and  lawyers  in  Canada  and,  to  a  limited  extent,  with 
practitioners  in  England.  Special  care  has  been  taken  to 
acknowledge  our  indebtedness  to  our  brothers  of  the  press  who 
have  been  considerate  and  patient  with  our  efforts.  Details  of 
our  activities  will  be  passed  on  to  our  successors  in  office  with 
our  best  wishes  for  increasing  ingenuity  and  in  convincing 
editorial  staffs  that  the  activities  of  our  profession  constitute 
news. 

At  this  date,  San  Francisco  is  active  and  vocal.  We  are  try- 
ing to  continue  our  part  of  the  work  until  the  meeting  is  called 
to  order. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

Mitchell  D.  Follansbbe,  Chairman, 
Charles  S.  Cushing, 
Henry  P.  Dart,  Jr., 
Hazen  I.  Sawyer, 
William  A.  Hayes. 


(394) 


REPORr 

OP  THB 

COMMITTEE  ON  MEMORIALS. 

To  the  American  Bar  Association: 

The  Committee  on  Memorials  reports  the  names  of  members  of 
whose  deaths  the  committee  has  been  notified  since  the  last 
meeting,  as  follows : 

ALABAMA. 

Hundley,  Osgab  R Birmingham. 

Walkee,  W.  R Athena. 

ARIZONA. 

Baker,  A.  C. Phoenix. 

FoEBST,  J.  C Phoenix. 

Harbbn,  George  W Flagstaff. 

ARKANSAS. 

CoHN,  Morris  M Little  Rock. 

Oliphint,  Gardner  K Little  Rock. 

MooRE.   Henry    , Texarkana. 

CALIFORNIA. 

Bolton,  Adelbert  E San  Francisco. 

Gibbon,  T.  E Los  Angeles. 

Helm,  Lynn   Los  Angeles. 

Lewis,  T.  L .San  Diego. 

Morrison,  A.  F San  Francisco. 

Thayer,  Rufus  San  Francisco 

Wellborn,  ulin   Loa  Angeles. 

COLORADO. 

Dayton,  William  L Denver- 

Dixon,  John  R Denver. 

Shafroth,  John  F Denver. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Bristol,  John  W New  Haven. 

Gaoer,  EJdwin  B Derby. 

Hart,  Harrie  E Hartford. 

LooMis,  Seymour  C ' New  Haven,.  . 

.O'Brien^  Patrick  T .Meridea, 

O'Neill,  John  J Waterbiuy^r 

Tuttlb,  Joseph  P Hartford.  , 

Wright,  Willum  A New  Haven. 

(395) 


396  BEPOBT  OF   GOMKITTEE  ON 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 

Friend,  Harvby  M Washington. 

Knox,  Philander  Chase Washington.. 

Macfarland,  Henry  B.  F Washington. 

Prentiss,  Stoncer  B.  ; Washington. 

Tucker,  Charles  Cowles  Washington. 

WiMBiSH,  W.  A Washington. 

Dahlgren,  John  B Washington. 

Brantlt,  William  T Washington. 

FLORIDA. 

Stevens,  Carlos  W Fort  Myers. 

Adams,  Charles  S Jacksonville. 

GEORGIA. 

Cummin,  Joseph  B Augusta. 

Phillips,  Benjamin  Z Atlanta. 

Palmer,  H.  E.  W Atlanta. 

HAWAII 

AsHFORD,  Clarence  W Honolulu. 

Cathcart,  John  W Honolulu. 

Olson,  Clarence  H Honolulu. 

ILLINOIS. 

Baldwin,  Jesse  A Chicago. 

Burton,  Robert  A Chicago. 

Butler,  Charles  A Chicago. 

Daniels,  Francis  B Chicago. 

Hamlin,  Frank Chicago. 

Hutchins,  James  C.  . : Chicago. 

KuEBLER,  Georoe  J ChicRgo. 

LiNDLBT,  Frank  Danville. 

Miller,  John  8 Chicago. 

More,  K.  Wilson  Chicago. 

MusGRAVE,  Harrison  Chicago. 

Shepard,  Frank  L Chicago. 

Wall,  George  W Du  Quoin. 

Welch,  William  S Chicago. 

Worthinoton,  Thomas  Jacksonville. 

O'Hare,  Thos.  J Chicago. 

CowEN,  Israel  Chicago. 

INDIANA. 

Evans,  Rowland   Indianapolis. 

Ketcham,  William  A Indianapolis. 

Mters,  Quingy  Alden  Indianapolis. 

Paulus,  H.  J Mari(m. 

Smith,  Charles  W Indianapolis. 

Taylor,  Arthur  H Petersburg. 

IOWA. 

Holsmak,  Hbnrt  B Guthrie  Center. 

Kennedy,  J.  L Sioux  City. 

Petbrsbebger,  Isaac  Davenport. 

Smith,  Wai/tub  I Council  Bluff. 


MBH0BIAL8.  897 


KANSAS. 

FiRHBUi,  J.  S Sedan. 

Field,  Sbwabd  I Medicine  Lodge. 

Stocxb,  B.  F Garden  City. 

SuDDOCK,  M.  M Emporia. 

ToMLiNBON,  Joseph  B Independence. 

KENTUCKY. 

Burnett,  Hbnbt Louisville. 

HsNDBicx^  John  K Paducah. 

Yebxbs,  John  W Danville. 

LOUISIANA. 

Babrbt,  T.  C Shreveport 

Farbar,  Eooar  Howard New  Orleans. 

Hair,  H.  T Columbia. 

Huqhes,  William  L New  Orleans. 

Hunt,  Carlbton  New  Orleans. 

Mahonbt,  M.  S New  Orleans. 

McLaughlin,  Jambs  J New  Orleans. 

Quintero,  Lamar  C New  Orleans. 

WoLPF,  Solomon  New  Orleans. 

MAINE. 

Bradburt,  James  0 Saco. 

Drummond,  Josuh  H Portland. 

Holwat,  Mblvin  Smith   Augusta. 

MARYLAND. 

Archer,  James  J Belair. 

Barton,  Randolph  Baltimore. 

Bond,  Hugh  L.,  Jr Baltimore. 

Henderson,  Robert  R Cumberland. 

Turner,  Frank  G Baltimore. 

Wbhr,  Albert  H Baltimore. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Abbott,  Ira  A HaverhiU. 

Ely,  Frederick  D Dedham. 

Lillet,  Charles  S LowelL 

Poor,  John  R Brookline. 

Sawyer,  George  A Boston. 

Scully,  Edward  T Pittsfield. 

Steere,  Charles Boston. 

Sweet,  Frank  E Bridgewater. 

Welunoton,  Stanwood  G Boston. 

Lund,  Joseph  W Boston. 

Hamilton,  Samuel  K Boston. 

Dunbar,  Frank  Emerson Lowell. 

MICHIGAN. 

Bates,  George  W Detroit 

Butterfieij),  Roger  C Grand  Rapids. 

Stone,  John  W Lansing. 

WiLKiNs,  Charles  T Detroit. 


398  RBPOET  OP   COMMITTEE  ON 


MINNESOTA. 

Bright,  Alfred  H Minneapolis. 

KaerOher,  Aaron  Benjamin Ortonvillc. 

Larimore,  John  A Minneapolis. 

Moore,  Albert  R St.  Paul. 

Seymour,  McNeil  V St.  Paul. 

Stewart,  F.  Alexander Minneapolis. 

MISSOURL 

Fox,  Charles  J St.  Louis. 

Geraghtt,  Francis  X St.  Louis. 

Lawson,  John  D ■. Columbia. 

Lay,  James  H Jefferson  City. 

Morrow,  Thomas  R Kansas  City. 

Reynolds,  George  D St.  Louis. 

RoBBiNS,  Alexander  H St.  Louis. 

MONTANA. 

Nolan,  C.  B Helena. 

NEBRASKA. 

Gering,  Matthe-^^  Plattsmouth. 

NEVADA. 

Cheney,  Azro  E Reno. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE, 

Tagoart,  David  A Manchester. 

Walbler,  Reuben  E Concord. 

NEW  JERSEY. 

Dbmarbst,  MiLTON  Hackensack. 

GiLMOTnt,  L.  D Newark. 

Hunt,  Henry  C Newark. 

Roe,  Charles  J Jersey  City. 

Van  Syckbl,  Bennbt Trenton. 

• 

NEW  MEXICO. 

Catron,  Thomas  B Santa  Fe. 

De  Baca,  Marcos  C Bernalillo. 

Veeder,  Elmer  E Mora. 

NEW  YORK. 

Bacot,  John  Vachbr Utica. 

Benton,  George  A Rochester. 

Cantor,  Jacob  A New  York. 

Carpenter,  James  Emerson New  York. 

Cheney,  Warren  J Coming. 

Collins,  Lawrence  J Buffalo. 

Danaher,  Franklin  M Albany. 

Freedman,  John  J New  York. 

Gibbs,  Cunton  B Buftalo. 


MXHORIALS. 

NEW  YOKK— Continued. 

GnJWT,  Thomas  F.,  Jr New  York. 

Grbsk,  Bbbbert  New  York. 

Ukobscup,   Pbter   S ..New Yoric 

Hidoiira,  Cecil  Caupbbll NewYork. 

Kaubh,  Edwlh  L New  York. 

Kbllmb,  FimnNAND  W NewYork. 

Kmnra,  Camillub  G NewYoik. 

Lbidb,  TBnowmt  E N'ew  York. 

LoNfl,  Waltes  Pbmt Cnigsmoor. 

Marx,  Hbnbt  NewYork. 

Mttchell,  Wnxuu  New  Vork. 

Mterb,  Nathaniel New  Vork. 

Olnbt,  Pbtxr   B NewYork. 

Pawebson,  Bknjahin  New  York. 

Robs,  Lbbot  W Brooklyn. 

Saitbb,  a.  OutBiN Kei'fYork. 

Scott,  Francis  M New  York. 

SquoBS,  AsNDN  L Brooktyn. 

Stbvbnb,  Fkank  L NewYork. 

Stotbb,  Martin  L NewYork, 

TsLLBB,  John  D. Auburn. 

ToMFKiNB,  Hauiuton  B New  York. 

Wkotwood,  Hebhan  J .' New  Yoric. 

Grxin,  Hebbert  New  York. 

Clarke,  R.  Floyd New  York. 

Dbnnbk,  ARTHttB  Wilson NewYork. 

CuLLBN,  Edoab  M New  York. 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Taylob,  Z.  V Charlotte. 

ZoLLicoFPEB,  A.  C HenderaoQ. 

NORTH  DAKOTA. 

Grbbnk,  John  E Minot. 

OHIO. 

&AND0H,  Abchabd  ColumbuB. 

Galvin,  John    Cincinnati. 

GoLDBKiTH,  A.  W Cinoiiitiati. 

KiNNsr,  Gtjt  W Toledo. 

MnxBH,  William  R Cleveland. 

Smith,  Chabus  B Cincinnati. 

THtTB8T0N,  Edwin  L Cleveland. 

Tbbash,  Philip  B Akron. 

Wabsinoion,  John  W Cincinnati. 

Hall,  Almdn  Toledo. 

OKLAHOMA. 

Gbaham,  J.  C MarietU. 

Jackson,  Cuffohd  L Muskc^ec. 

OREGON. 

Ddniway^  Ralph  R .Portland. 

MiKOK,  Wmr Portland. 


1:00  BEPORT  OF  OOICMITTBE  ON 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

Balph,  R.  a PittsburglL 

Banks,  J.  N Indiazia. 

Dana,  Samuel  W New  Castle. 

Deshlsb,  James  B Allentown. 

EsuNa,  Hbnbt  C Philadelphia. 

Heibter,  Isaac  Reading. 

Kunxel,  George  Harrisburg. 

MicHENER,  Edwin  O Philadelphia. 

TtrsTiN,  Ernest  L Philadelphia. 

Walton,  Henrt  F I%iladelphia. 

Whitlock,  Henrt  C Philadelphia. 

Paob,  S.  Davis Philadelphia. 

Glenn,  Edwin  F Philadelphia. 

Fralet,  Joseph  C Philadelphia. 

Bregt,  F.  Ambdbb Philadelphia. 

PHILIPPINE  ISLANDS. 

EliNGAiD,  WiLUAM  A Manila. 

RHODE  ISLAND. 

BuRBANK,  Robert  T Providence. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Carson,  Rau>h  K Spartanburg. 

Hydrice,  D.  E ' Columbia. 

Mower,  Geobob  Sbwall Newberry. 

WiLLOox,  P.  A Florence. 

Henderson,  D.  S Aiken. 

SOUTH  DAKOTA. 

Whiting,  Charles  S Pierre. 

WiNANS,  Edwin  R Pierre. 

TENNESSEE. 

Lancaster,  Geobgb  D Chattanooga. 

LucKT,  CoBNELius  E Kuoxville. 

WooDWABD,  J.  D Pulaski. 

TEXAS. 

DiNSMOBE,  James  H Greenville. 

Head,  H.  W Sherman. 

Maxby,  Thomas  S Austin. 

UTAH. 

Stort,  William  Salt  Lake  City. 

Stott,  B.  N.  C Salt  Lake  City. 

Vabian,  Charles  S Salt  Lake  City. 

VERMONT. 

Davis,  Fred  C Springfield. 

EUsBLTON,  Seneca Burlington. 


KSK0RIAL8.  401 


VIRGINIA, 

Gilliam,  Mabshall  M Richmond. 

PicKRBLL,  John  Richmond. 

Whitb,  William  H Richmond. 

WASHINGTON. 

Dawson,  Wm.  Shekman Spokane. 

WEST  VIRGINU. 

Httbbabd,  William  P Wheeling. 

Jackson,  Stbphbn Clarksburg. 

Van  Winkia,  W.  W Parkersburg. 

Williams,  L.  Judson Charleston. 

Woods,  John  H(»»kins PhilippL 

WISCONSIN. 

Jbnkins,  Jambs  G Milwaukee. 

Kbu^y,  John  A Oconomowoc. 

Mabshaui,  R.  D Madison. 

WYOMING. 

AusBBBMAN,  Bbnjamin  M Evaiiston. 

W.  TH03LAS  Kbmp, 

Lawbbnob  Coopeb, 
•ChakIiES  S.  Whiting, 
Beadneb  W.  Lee, 

ROBEBT  W.  StAYTON, 


• 


REPORT 

OF  THB 

COMMITTEE  ON  LEGAL  AID  WORK 

To  the  American  Bar  Association: 

Your  Committee  on  Legal  Aid  Work  which  was  appointed  last 
year,  pursuant  to  an  amendment  to  the  consitution  providing  for 
such  a  committee^  begs  to  make  this  report  of  its  activities  and  to 
recommend  the  following  action  by  the  Association. 

Becomkbndation  . 

That  the  Association,  by  appropriate  resolution,  request  the 
officers  of  the  Section  of  Conference  of  Bar  Association  Dele^tes 
to  bring  the  subjeqt  of  legal  aid  work  before  the  members  of  the 
Section,  as  soon  as  may  foe,  to  the  end  that  every  state  and  local 
bar  association  may  be  encouraged  to  appoint  a  standing  com- 
mittee on  Ifegal  aid  work. 

• 

SUMMAKY  OP  BeASONS  FOR  ReOOMMBNDATIOK. 

The  success  of  legal  aid  work  in  the  United  States  depends  on 
the  active  support  of  the  organized  Bar.  The  American  Bar 
Association  set  the  example  by  providing  in  1921  for  a  standing 
committee  on  legal  aid  work.  Legal  aid  work  in  its  national 
aspects  has  thus  been  coordinated  with  the  national  Bar.  The 
next  step  is  to  coordinate  legal  aid  work  in  each  locality  with  the 
local  Bar.  This  may  best  be  done  by  encouraging  each  state  and 
local  association  to  follow  the  example  of  the  American  Bar 
Association  and  to  provide  a  standing  committee  on  legal  aid 
work. 

This  has  already  been  done  by  a  number  of  bar  associations — 
the  San  Francisco  Bar  Association,  the  Detroit  Bar  Association, 
the  Essex  County  Bar  Association,  the  Louisiana  Bar  Association, 
the  Philadelphia  Law  Association,  and  the  New  York  State, 
County,  and  City  Bar  Associations. 

This  accomplishment  is  due  in  large  measure  to  the  interest 
aroused  by  the  discussion  at  the  Conference  of  Bar  Association 
Delegates  in  1917.  As  the  Conference  proved  itself  a  successful 
instrumentality  before,  it  is  natural  to  rely  on  it  now.  Further^ 
it  is  our  understanding  that  the  best  and  most  feasible  method 

(402) 


LBUAL  AXD  WOBK.  403 

for  the  American  Bar  Association  to  reach  the  state  and  local 
associations  of  the  country  is  through  the  Conference. 

Report. 

^  During  this,  its  first,  year  your  committee  has  confined  its 
work  to  two  main  lines  of  eflFort.  (1)  It  has  cooperated  wher- 
ever possible  with  organized  legal  aid  work.  Several  of  its  mem- 
bers have  visited  various  legal  aid  societies  and  bureaus.  Three 
of  the  members  attended  the  convention  of  legal  aid  organiza- 
tions held  at  Philadelphia  in  March,  1922.  (2)  It  has  con- 
sidered what  pradicdl  things  the  Bar  could  do  for  legal  aid 
work. 

•  Your  committee  holds  the  conviction  that  the  Bar,  as  a 
matter  of  professional  responsibility,  owes  a  duty  to  encourage 
and  support  legal  aid  work  to  the  best  of  its  ability.  We  further 
believe  that  the  Bar  will  give  a  prompt  and  generous  response 
once  the  facts  are  made  clear  to  the  Bar.  Our  desire  to  help 
the  Bar  perceive  and  recognize  this  responsibility  we  consider 
can  best  be  attained  not  through  preachment  but  by  getting  and 
stating  the  facts.  In  other  words,  in  order  to  suggest  what  the 
Bar  could  do  and  ought  to  do  for  legal  aid  work  we  determined 
to  find  out  what  the  Bar  was  actually  doing  at  the  present  time. 
We  sent  a  questionnaire,  dealing  with  this  matter,  to  the 
thirty-three  definitely  established  legal  aid  societies  and  bureaus 
in  the  United  States.  All  gave  replies  from  which  were  collected 
the  facts  and  the  suggestions  herein  set  forth. 

Oenerai  Condition  of  Legai  Aid  Work. 

There  are  33  well-established  legal  aid  organizations  in  the 
United  States  today.  Some  of  these  are  municipal  bureaus,  sup- 
ported by  public  funds  and  controlled  by  public  authorities^  but 
the  predominant  type,  which  still  carries  the  burden  of  the  work, 
is  the  private  society,  supported  by  contributions  and  controlled 
by  its  own  directors  or  other  governing  board.  There  are  24 
such  private  societies  as  against  9  public  bureaus.  It  seems 
reasonably  clear  that  for  many  years  tb  come  the  private  organiza- 
tion will  be  the  predominating  type,  but,  unquestionably,  a  great 
impetus  in  the  direction  of  public  control  has  been  given  by  the 
action  of  the  City  of  Philadelphia  in  taking  over  legal  aid  work 
as  a  municipal  function  in  August,  1920. 

The  33  organizations,  which  furnished  us  their  records,  report 
that  during  the  past  year  they  have  given  legal  advice  and  assiat- 
ance  to  114,208  persons.  It  can  easily  be  seen  that  if  the  Bar 
establishes  close  relations  with  legal  aid  work  it  can,  through  these 
organizations  which  reach  directly  over  100,000  men,  women,  and 
children  every  ^ear^  e^ert  a  profound  influence  in  the  direction  of 


404  BEPORT  OF  OOKKITTBB  ON 

demonstrating  to  the  plain  -people  of  our  nation  the  fundamental 
integrity  and  fairness  of  our  institutions. 

Your  committee  is  obliged  to  record  its  regret  that  the  records 
of  the  legal  aid  organizations  have  not  been  brought  to  some 
degree  of  standardization  and  uniformity.  Each  society  compile 
its  own  records  in  its  own  way.  Comparative  analysis  is  rendered 
impossible.  There  is  great  need  for  the  formation  of  a  national 
association  of  all  the  legal  aid  organizations  which  shall  have 
power  to  reduce  what  is  now  a  chaos  to  some  form  of  intelligent 
order. 

Lawyersf  Support  of  Legal  Aid  Work. 

In  each  dty  where  there  are  legal  aid  organizations  certain, 
individual  lawyers  are  giving  splendid  support  to  the  work. 
There  are  24  organizations  which  are  controlled  by  boards  of 
directors,  executive  committees,  etc.  Over  two  hundred  lawyers 
are  serving  on  such  boards ;  thev  represent  two-thirds  of  the  entire 
membersMp;  it  results,  therefore,  that  legal  aid  work  is  today 
actually  controlled  by  members  of  the  Bar. 

The  credit  for  organizing  and  establishing  legal  aid  work  is 
likewise  due  in  large  degree  to  the  vision  and  efforts  of  members 
of  the  Bar.  Nearly  everywhere  the  story  is  the  same.  The  legal 
aid  organization  was  brought  into  being  by  a  few  earnest  men  and 
women,  most  of  whom  were  lawyers.  Because  of  the  indiscrim- 
inate criticism  which  is  so  frequently  hurled  at  the  Bar,  your 
committee  is  particularly  glad  to  be  able  to  record  these  facts. 

Bar  Association,  Support  of  Legal  Aid  Work, 

In  sharp  contrast  is  the  record  of  what  the  organized  Bar,  as 
a  professional  body,  has  and  has  not  done.  All  of  the  older  legal 
aid  organizations,  and  a  majority  of  the  newer,  state  that  they 
received  no  aid  or  support,  moral  or  financial,  from  the  local 
bar  associations  when  tiiey  were  trying  to  organize  and  start  their 
work — the  very  time,  presumably,  when  active  help  was  most 
needed. 

Taking  the  country  as  a' whole  the  evidence  compels  the  con- 
clusion tiiat  until  very  recently  the  attitude  of  the  oreanized 
Bar  towards  legal  aid  work  was  one  of  absolute  indi&rence. 
The  cause  of  this  indifference  was  ignorance.  This  ignorance 
was  due  to  the  fact  that  the  bar  associations  never  made  any  effort 
to  find  out  what  legal  aid  work  was  and  the  furtiier  fact  tnat  the 
legal  aid  organizations  did  very  littie  to  enlighten  them. 

To  this  generalization  certain  exceptions  must  be  noted.  In  SL 
Louis,  New  Orleans,  and  Hartford  the  bar  associations  were 
active,  and  gave  substantial  assistance  towards  establishing  the 
work,  for  which  tiiey  are  entitied  to  honorable  mention.    TbuSj 


LEGAL  AID  WOBX.  405 

in  St.  Louis  it  was  the  bar  association  itself  which  in  1912  created 
the  Legal  Aid  Society^  appointed  its  attorney^  raised  its  funds, 
and  controlled  the  work  until  1915  when  it  had  legal  aid  work 
made  a  function  of  the  municipal  government.  On  the  other 
hand,  in  Columbus  and  Richmond  the  Bar's  interest  soon  waned 
and  tiie  legal  aid  work  was  abandoned.  In  Detroit,  the  bar  asso- 
ciation started  out  excellently  but.  later  took  a  routine  attitude 
towards  the  work.  Its  subscription  of  $500  to  support  the  legal 
aid  bureau  was  never  increased  nor  were  outside  subscriptions 
secured  so  that  the  work  had  to  be  performed  by  one  attorney 
giving  only  part  time.  In  1919  the  financing  was  takep  over  by 
the  Detroit  Community  Union;  its  budget  was  increased  to 
$7800  and  the  work  which  had  amounted  to  410  cases  in  1916 
increased  to  3112  cases  in  1921.  In  New  Orleans,  although  the^ 
bar  association  itself  started  the  legal  aid  work  and  has  ever  since 
maintained  a  legal  aid  committee,  the  Association  has  contributed 
nothing  towards  the  work,  considering  that  such  use  of  its  funds 
would  be  ''  ultra  vires.'^  As  a  result  the  work  has  been  carried 
on  without  funds.  Your  committee  is  stronsly  of  the  opinion 
that  le^al  aid  work  is  as  much  a  part  of  the  Sax's  responsibility 
as  its  mterest  in  legal  education  and  in  securing  good  judges. 
If  a  bar  association's  charter  is  so  OL^rrtwly  drawn  as  to  preclude 
the  Bar  from  performing,  in  the  fullest  possible  measure,  any  of 
its  direct  responsibilities,  it  obviously  ought  to  be  amended. 

During  the  past  few  years  there  has  been  a  decided  change.  A 
quickened  sense  of  responsibility  is  manifest.  This  is  due,  in  first 
instance,  to  the  Conference  of  Bar  Association  Delegates  which  in 
1917  adopted  the  following  resolutions :  * 

It  is  the  sense  of  this  Conference  that  bar  asBociations,  state  and 
local,  should  be  urged  to  foster  the  formation  and  efficient  administra- 
tion of  legal  aid  societies  for  legal  relief  work  for  the  worthy  poor,  with 
the  active  and  sympathetic  cooperation  of  such  associations:  and  that 
attorneys  generaily  be  urged  to  give  such  societies  their  moral  and 
financial  support. 

The  Association  of  the  Bar  of  the  City  of  New  York,  pursuant 
to  this  resolution,  appointed  a  special  committee,  which  filed  a 
printed  report  in  1919  saying,  among  other  things, 

That  these  organised  agencies  for  legal  aid  work  have  relieved  our 
profession  and  the  members  of  this  Association  individually  from  a  very 
great  burden,  is  a  proposition  beyond  dispute. 

The  financial  support  which  it  has  received  from  the  public,  and 

earticularly  from  the  Bar  of  New  York  City,  is  thus  seen  to  be  far 
elow  what  it  should  be:  and  we  believe  that  it  is  insufficient  to  enable 
it  fully  to  meet  the  needs  which  exist.  This  Association  has  apparently 
never  taken  cognisance  of  these  needs  until  the  appointment  of  this 
committee;  and  the  failure  of  the  members  of  our  profession  to  contribute 

'  American  Bar  Association  Journal,  Vol.  Ill,  No.  4,  pages  502,  587. 


406  REPOBI  OF  COMMITTEE  ON 

their  share  to  the  support  of  suoh  a  work  is  probably  largely  due  to  that 
fact 

And  concluding  with  this  resolntion, 

Resolved,  That  the  Association  of  the  Bar  of  the  City  of  New  York 
deems  it  a  part  of  the  duty  of  the  legal  profession  to  support  the  lefi^al 
aid  work,  and  urges  every  member  of  the  Bar  in  New  York  City,  aiid 
especially  every  member  of  this  Association,  to  cooperate  in  that  work 
directly  or  through  one  of  the  existing  institutions  engaged  in  such  work. 

The  New  York  State  Bar  Association  appointed  a  Special 
Committee  on  Legal  Aid  Societies  which  filed  a  most  admirable 
report  on  January  16, 1920.*  It  sent  questionnaires  to  the  sixty- 
one  bar  associations  in  the  state  and  found  **  in  most  of  these 
communities  there  was  little  interest  in  legal  aid  work  and 
probably  no  organized  legal  aid  societies.'' 

This  excellent  report  covers  the  ground  so  perfectly  that  certain 
parts  of  it  deserve  reproduction  here. 

The  need  and  opportunity  for  legal  aid  work  is  apparently  more 
pressing  in  the  larger  cities,  but  we  believe  that  there  is  ample  oppor- 
tunity for  bar  associations  to  make  themselves  useful  in  this  direction 
even  in  the  smaller  communities.  Jn  smaller  Qommutdties  a  sejyarate 
orgarUzation  may  not  be  jttstified  and  the  work  may  well  be  carried 
on  by  the  Bar  Association.  Ln  the  larger  cities,  where  estdbli^d 
agencies  exist,  the  Bar  Association  should  enter  into  active  cooveration. 

It  i^pean  that  the  financial  support  of  legal  aid  work  is  wholly 
inadequate  for  the  needs  of  the  Community,  and  that  our  profession  is 
not  even  meeting  its  fair  share  of  this. 

Justice  at  prohibitive  cost,  as  is  the  case  with  the  poor,  is  not 
justice. 

Free  government  is  in  peril  when  justice  is  not  administered  so  as  to 
sustain  belief  in  its  easy  availability  and  fairness.  Any  state  or  society 
which  does  not  look  to  the  enforcement  of  the  law  and  the  protection 
of  rights  for  the  poor  and  weak  and  friendless,  is  wanting  in  that 
kjnrstone  of  the  arcn  upon  which  a  stable  society  and  government  rests. 
Where  this  essential  is  lacking  you  shake  the  faith  of  the  people  in 
government  and  bring  in  question  the  fundamental  fairness  of  our 
institutions.  Disrespect  for  law  and  the  spirit  of  resistance  and  unrest, 
which  today  excite  the  apprehensions  of  every  thinking  man,  are  the 
natural  harvest  of  inadequate  facilities  to  secure  the  rights  of  all  even 
though  they  be  of  small  pecuniary  magnitude. 

Por  our  profession  to  meet  this  issue  and  rnake  a  substantial  contribu- 
tion to  the  support  and  stability  of  our  institutions  which  m  these 
days  is  the  greatest  contribution  any  one  can  make,  is  an  alhtring 
achievement. 

The  directors  of  the  New  York  County  Lawyers'  Association 
adopted  and  sent  to  every  member  the  following: 

Whbeobas,  This  Association  is  thoroughly  in  accord  with  the  Legal 
Aid  Society  and  heartily  commends  its  aims  and  purposes,  and  recognises 
that,  in  giving  attention  to  the  small  claims  of  thousands  of  poor  persons, 

*The  complete  report  is  contained  in  The  Legal  Aid  Review  (pub- 
lished at  239  Broadway.  New  York),  Vol.  XVIH.  No.  2  (April.  1920). 


L£GAL  AID   WOBK.  407 

flaid  society,  does  work  which  otherwise  would  probably  prove  very 
burdensome  to  the  Bar  at  large ;  therefore,  be  it 

Resolved,  That  this  Association  approves  the  request  of  the  Leical 
Aid  Society  for  the  cooperation  of  this  Association  in  the  further 
accomplishment  of  its  excellent  aims  and  purposes,  and  commends  to 
the  general  membership  of  the  Association  the  furnishing  to  such  society 
of  aid  and  service  whenever  called  upon. 

When  it  was  proposed  to  establish  a  mimicipal  legal  aid  bureau 
in  Philadelphia  in  1920  the  Law  Association  furnished  a  special 
committee  to  cooperate  in  organizing  the  bureau  and  in  defining 
its  policies.  The  Bhode  Island  Legal  Aid  Society  was  created  in. 
Id20  through  the  efforts  of  the  President  of  the  State  Bar  Asso- 
ciation who  launched  the  idea  at  the  Association's  annual  dinner. 

■ 

In  1921  the  Essex  County  Bar  Association  assumed  responsibility 
for  raising  funds  for  the  work  in  Newark.  The  latest  organizar 
tion  to  be  formed^  that  in  Louisville,  was  created  by  the  Louisville 
Bar  Association  which  formally  endorsed  the  idea^  and  through  a 
committee  of  its  own  drafted  the  articles  of  incorporation,  raised 
the  necessary  funds,  and  saw  that  the  work  was  actually  begun. 

The  San  Francisco  Bar  Association  appointed  a  legal  aid  com- 
mittee which  this  year  filed  a  most  comprehensive  report^  which 
together  with  the  first  report  of  the  Legal  Aid  Committee  of  the 
New  York  State  Bar  Association,  may  well  be  taken  as  a  model  by 
other  bar  associations.  In  a  printed  report  of  fourteen  pages  all 
the  resources  of  the  community  for  aiding  the  poor  to  secure 
justice  are  briefly  surveyed,  the  importance  of  the  legal  aid  work 
is  pointed  out,  and  particular  reference  is  made  to  the  opportunity 
of  the  Bar  to  strengthen  and  develop  the  legal  aid  society's  work 
and  thereby  "  to  disabuse  those  who  come  to  it  of  the  idea  that 
justice  can  only  be  obtained  by  those  who  can  pay  for  it — a 
consideration  which  must  not  be  overlooked  in  these  days,  when 
unrest  and  discontent  run  riot." 

In  1922  the  Committee  on  Legal  Aid  Societies  of  the  New  York 
State  Bar  Association  filed  its  second  report.    It  stated : 

la  the  opinion  of  your  committee,  the  work  of  providing  lexal  relief 
to  the  poor  is  primarily  the  duty  of  the  Bar  as  a  whole  and  instead  of 
officers  of  l^al  aid  societies  being  required,  as  they  now  are,  to  appeal 
constantly  In  every  quarter  for  funds  to  meet  legal  expenses,  local  bar 
associations  should  take  it  upon  themselves  first  to  see  that  the  work  is 
adequately  performed  and  then  that  the  cost  is  fully  met. 

It  called  attention  to  the  following  resolution  which  had  been 
adopted  by  the  state  Association : 

Resolved,  That  the  state  bar  association  and  all  local  bar  associations, 
should  assume  greater  responsibility  for  the  maintenance  and  conduct 
of  legal  aid  work  and  to  that  end  should  actively  seek  support  for 
estabushed  legal  aid  organizations  and,  in  communities  where  no  such 
organizations  exist,  should  become  directly  responsible  for  the  systematic 
conduct  of  such  work. 


408  BEPORT  OF  OOHMIXTEE  ON 

General  Oandueions. 

There  is  every  evidence  that  the  legal  aid  movement  which  was 
arrested,  and  in  some  instances  broken  down,  by  the  war  is  enter- 
ing upon  a  new  development.  Some  of  the  difficulties  and  defects 
mentioned  in  this  report  are  shortly  to  be  eliminated.  At  the 
conference  of  delegates  from  legal  aid  organizations  held  in 
Philadelphia  on  March  24  and  25,  1922,  six  special  committees 
were  appointed.  Among  them  were  a  committee  to  standardize 
records,  a  committee  to  draft  the  framework  for  a  national  legal 
aid  association,  and  a  committee  to  encourage  closer  relations 
with  the  Bar.  To  give  greater  strength  to  the  whole  work,  the 
National  Alliance  of  Legal  Aid  Societies  has  secured  a  special 
committee  of  distinguished  men  who  are  directing  the  further 
study  of  the  work  and  of  its  needs  and  who  are  extending  informa- 
tion and  such  other  assistance  as  circumstances  permit.  To  this 
committee  the  Carnegie  Corporation  of  New  York  has  made  a 
grant  of  funds  to  enable  it  to  car^  on  its  work.  The  committee 
consists  of  Albert  F.  Bigelow,  William  Draper  Lewis,  Oeorge 
Wharton  Pepper,  Koscoe  Pound,  Elihu  Boot,  Moorfield  Storey, 
John  H.  Wigmore,  William  B.  Vance,  and  has  appointed  Beginald 
H.  Smith  as  its  secretary  and  John  S.  Bradway  as  its  assistant 
secretary. 

In  the  fall  of  this  year  it  is  planned  to  have  informal  meetings 
of  the  persons  who  are  actually  in  charge  of  legal  aid  work  in  the 
several  cities  so  that  final  plans  may  be  perfected  for  the  stand- 
ardization of  records  and  reports,  for  the  interchange  of  cases 
from  dtj  to  city,  and  for  the  calling  of  a  convention  at  which  a 
strong  national  legal  aid  organization  may  be  formed  and  a 
constitution  adopted. 

What  Practical  Action  the  Bar  Can  Undertake. 

Whether  or  not  the  legal  aid  organizations  can  carry  out  these 
laudable  plans  will  depend,  in  last  analysis,  on  the  attitude  of  the 
Bar.  The  future  of  legal  aid  work  in  the  United  States  is  in  the 
hands  of  the  organized  Bar.  The  Bar's  duty  in  tiiis  respect  finds 
clear  expression  in  the  excerpts  quoted  from  reports  of  Bar 
Association  committees. 

The  practical  steps  are  likewise  pointed  out  in  these  reports. 
The  first  definite  step  is  for  every  state  and  local  bar  association 
to  provide  and  mainUiin  a  standing  committee  on  legal  aid  work. 
The  recommendation  at  the  beginning  of  this  repoiS  is  designed 
to  bring  that  about. 

Such  committees  can  do  the  following  things : 

A.  If  there  is  no  legal  aid  organization  in  the  city,  to  determine 
whether  or  not  one  is  needed.  If  one  is  needed,  then  to  cooperate 
in  its  formation.    If  one  ia  not  needed  then  to  act  as  an  informal 


X.BQAL  AID  WOBK.  409 

legal  aid  body  to  whom  poor  persons  may  bring  their  eases  and  to 
whom  legal  aid  organizations  in  other  cities  may  refer  caaes  for 
local  attention. 

There  are  23  cities  in  the  United  States  with  populations  of 
over  100^000  which  have  no  legal  aid  organizations  and  pre- 
STunably  need  them.  In  smaller  cities  and  towns  there  may  be  no 
need  for  an  organization  but  there  unquestionably  is  need  for 
somebody  to  whom  poor  persons  may  freely  turn  for  assistance. 
The  responsibility  of  a  Bar  Association's  Committee  is  thus  to 
meet  whatever  need  there  is  by  either  forming  a  legal  aid  organi- 
zation or  by  itself  carrying  on  legal  aid  work. 

B.  Where  there  is  a  legal  aid  organization  in  existence^  then 
the  Bar  Association's  Committee  hi^  the  task  for  cooperation  in 
the  following  matters : 

1.  To  inspect  the  organization  and  report  on  its  work  at  least 
once  a  year  to  the  Bar  Association. 

This  will  tone  up  the  legal  aid  work^  it  will  inform  the  Bar 
as  to  the  woric  and  as  Mr.  Hughes  said  it  will  ^'  guarantee  to  the 
community  that  the  legal  aid  work  does  not  fall  into  spiritless 
routine.^'  Where  the  bureau  is  under  municipal  control  the 
watchful  supervision  of  the  Bar  may  be  necessary  to  prevent 
improper  political  influences  from  corrupting,  debasing,  or  de- 
stroying the  work.  Legal  aid  organizations  in  Dallas  and  Port- 
land have  been  killed  by  politics. 

2.  To  insure  that  the  legal  aid  organization  does  not  suSer 
for  lack  of  competent  directors  or  competent  attorneys. 

Vacancies  occur  in  thq  boards  of  directors  and  other  executive 
offices  from  time  to  time.  Competent  persons  must  be  drafted 
from  the  Bar  to  fill  such  positions.  Likewise,  the  legal  aid 
attorneys  are  for  the  most  part  young  men  so  that  the  turnover  is 
fairly  rapid.  In  the  matter  of  personnel,  the  legal  aid  organiza- 
tions need  all  the  help  the  Bar  can  give. 

3.  To  settle  such  matters  of  policy  as  the  legal  aid  organization 
may  refer  to  it,  as,  whether  divorce  cases,  personal  iniury  cases, 
ana  criminal  cases  should  be  accepted,  and  where  the  line  of 
improper  competition  with  the  Bar  is  to  be  drawn. 

4.  To  aid  in  raising  the  needed  funds,  particularly  from  the 
Bar. 

Weak  finances  have  always  crippled  legal  aid  work.  The 
great  difiBculty  in  raising  funds  is  hard  to  understand  because 
the  expenses  of  the  work  are  extremely  moderate.  It  may  be  that 
by  reason  of  its  legal  nature,  the  work  does  not  carry  as  direct  an 
appeal  to  the  public  as  do  appeals  from  hospitals  or  children's 
agencies.  If  this  be  so,  it  is  all  the  more  reason  for  the  Bar  to 
give  its  support.  As  legal  aid  work  is,  in  substance,  a  professional 
responsibility  lawyers  cannot  easily  appeal  to  the  public  for  gifts 
until  it  can  truthfully  be  said  that  the  Bar  has  done  its  full  share. 


410  BEPOAT  OF   COMMITTEE  ON 

Figures  can  easily  be  cited  to  show  that  the  Bar  has  by  do 
means  done  its  full  share.  But  the  more  constructive  side  of  the 
picture  is  that  where  the  Bar  has  put  its  shoulder  to  the  wheel  it 
has  secured  tangible  results^  as  in  San  Francisco^  Ptovidencc^  and 
Newark. 

5.  To  provide  lists  of  attorneys  to  whom  legal  aid  organizations 
may  refer  cases  which  they  cannot  accept. 

The  legal  aid  organizations  are  scrupulously  careful  to  reject 
the  cases  of  persons  who  can  afford  to  retain  a  lawyer  and  pay  him 
a  reasonable  fee.  Applicants  who  are  rejected  for  this  reason  are 
not  rich,  intelligent,  well-informed  people;  they  are  persons  who 
are  just  over  the  line  which  fixes  unfair  competition  with  the 
Bar,  often  they  are  immigrants,  generally  they  are  not  well- 
informed  and  do  not  know  where  to  go.  Invariably  they  ask  to 
be  referred  to  a  good  lawyer. 

The  legal  aid  organization  faces  a  dilemma.  It  is  imwilling 
to  make  no  recommendation  and  turn  the  client  adrift  because  it 
knows  full  well  that  all  the  chances  are  that  this  sort  of  person 
will  at  once  fall  into  the  hands  of  a  ^^  runner  "  for  some  un- 
scrupulous lawyer.  That  is  a  condition  and  not  a  theory.  On  the 
other  hand,  if  it  refers  these  cases  to  attorneys  of  its  own 
selection  it  will  promptly  be  accused  of  '* feeding'*  cases  to 
favored  attorneys. 

The  solution  is  for  the  Bar  Association  to  secure  a  list  of 
attorneys  who  will  accept  such  cases  and  who  will  submit  their 
fee  for  approval  by  the  legal  aid  organization  or  by  the  Associa- 
tion's legal  aid  committee.  This  has  been  done  successfully  in 
Los  Angeles.  In  Buffalo  the  legal  aid  society's  request  for  such  a 
list  has  not  been  met  by  the  local  association.  In  every  city  the 
existence  ojF  such  an  approved  list  would  be  of  great  practical 
Talue. 

6.  To  cooperate  with  the  legal  aid  organizations  in  their 
broader  work  of  securing  remedial  legislation,  and  of  improving 
the  administration  of  justice. 

It  is  of  especial  importance  in  our  democracy  that  the  courts 
shall  be  adapted  to  the  needs  of  all  the  people.  There  is  a  good 
deal  of  disturbing  evidence  today  that  the  lower  courts  are  not  as 
well  organized  and  as  well  equipped  as  the  needs  of  modern  urban 
society  require.  More  attention  should  be  paid  to  such  new 
developments  as  the  domestic  relations  courts  and  the  small 
claims  courts.  Through  the  legal  aid  organizations  the  Bar  can 
secure  direct  evidence  as  to  how  far  the  poorer  classes  of  society 
find  our  legal  institutions  inadequate  for  their  just  demands. 
And  in  cooperation  with  legal  aid  organizations  the  Bar  can  act 
to  remove  the  difficulties. 


£BOAL  AH)  WOBK.  411 

Your  committee  hafl  been  impressed  by  the  unanimity  with 
which  the  le^l  aid  organizations  have  expressed  their  desire  that 
the  Bar  shomd  put  its  moral  support  behind  the  work.  Webelieve 
that  the  organized  Bar  will  welcome  this  opportunity  to  perform 
a  professional  obligation  which^  in  its  practical  application  and 
results,  is  a  unique  contribution  to  the  well-being  of  the  nation. 

Annexed  hereto  is  a  table  giving  in  summary  form  certain 
interesting  facts  about  the  present  condition  of  legal  aid  work. 

Bespectfully  submitted, 
*  Andrew  A.  Brugb, 

PORBEST  C.  DONNELL, 
BoBERT  p.  Gk)LDMAK, 

Mart  P.  Lathrop, 
Bbginald  Hsber  Smith. 


412 


LBGAL  AID  WOBX. 


Table  Showing  Cbetain  Facts  About  thb  Pbssbnt  Condition  of  Legal 
Aid  Work  in  the  United  States  as  Obtained  Through  Question- 
naires Sent  to  the  Several  Legal  Aid  Organizations  by  the  Com- 
MiTTEB  ON  Legal  Aid  Work. 


Leffal  aid  oryani- 
sation  in 


Name  of  organization 


Type 


Caaei 
in 


OroM 
income 


Inoome 

from 
lawywa 


Membera  of 

gorerning 

board 


Total 
No. 


No. 
lawyera 


Baltimore 

Boston 

Buffalo 

Cambridge  . . . . 

Chicago 

Chicago 

Cincinnati 

Cleveland 

Dayton 

Detroit 

Duluth 

Hartford 

Kansas  City. .. 
Los  Angeles. . . . 
Los  Angeles. . . 
Louisville  . . . .  • 

Milwaukee 

Minneapolis  . . . 
Newark 

New  Orleans.. . 

New  York 

New  York 

New  York 

New  York 

Omaha 

Philadelphia. .. 
Pittsburgh  . . . . 
Plainfield 

Providence 

Rochester 

St.  Louis 

St.  Paul 

San  FrancUeo . 


liCgal  Aid  Bureau  of  the 

Baltimore  Alliance   of 

Social  Agencies. 
Legal  Aid  Society. 
Legal  Aid  Bureau. 
Harvard    Legal    Aid 

Bureau. 
Legal  Aid  Bureau  of  the 

United  Charities. 
Jewish    Social    Service 

Bureau. 
Legal  Aid  Society. 
Legal  Aid  Society. 
Bureau  of  Legal  Aid. 
Legal  Aid  Bureau  of  the 

Detroit    Bar    Associa- 
tion. 
Free  Legal  Aid  Bureau. 
Legal  Aid  Bureau. 
Legal  Aid  Bureau. 
PudHc  Defender. 
Police  Court  Defender. 
Legal  Aid  Society. 
Jjegal  Aid  Society. 
Legal  Aid  Society. 
Essex  County  Legal  Aid 

Association. 
I^egal    Aid    Society    of 

Louisiana. 
Legal  Aid  Society. 
Voluntary  Defenders 

Committee. 
Legal    Aid    Bureau    of 

Educational  Alliance. 
National    Desertion 

Bureau. 
Free  Legal  Aid  Bureau. 
Bureau  of  Legal  Aid. 
Legal  Aid  Society. 
Charity  Organization 

Society. 
Legal    Aid    Society    of 

Rhode  Island. 
Legal  Aid  Society. 
Legal  Aid  Bureau. 
Legal    Aid   Department 

of  United  Charities. 
Legal  Aid  Society. 


Private 

Private 
Private 
Private 

Private 

Private 

Private 
Private 
Public 
Private 


Public 

Public 

Public 

Public 

Public 

Private 

Private 

Private 

Private 

Private 

Private 
Private 

Private 

Private 

Public 
Public 
Private 
Private 

Private 

Private 

Public 

Private 

Private 


312 

5,233 

2,815 

232 

12,491 

1,536 

892 
7,409 
2,060 
3,112 


2,424 
449 
4,013 
7,940 
3,000 
82 
1,411 
1,568 
2,615 

1,027 

26,294 
600 

5,469 

1,391 

1,650 

13,404 

427 

105 

237 

831 

1,531 

931 

717 


111,800 
6,800 


20,200 


2,350 
16,200 


7,852 


7,800 


4,000 
5,500 


5,800 

10 

61,200 
18,000 


16,500 


25,000 
2,400 


3,500 


3,277 
5,900 


$2,000 


3,800 


915 


3,300 


12,900 
900 


1,160 


1,800 


4,600 


17 

21 

6 

7 

11 

13 
19 


6 


7 
9 
9 
6 

9 

24 
13 


30 

5 

10 
11 
15 

40 

9 


5 
30 


12 

21 

6 

6 

1 

7 
16 


4 
7 
6 
5 


18 
10 

4 

15 

1 
7 
9 
3 

20 

2 


3 
24 


/ 


COMMITTEE  ON  THE  LAW  OF  AERONAUTICS. 

To  the  American  Bar  Associaium: 
The  Committee  on  the  Law  of  Aeronautics  reports  aa  follows: 

I- 

Bbcomhbndations. 

The  committee  recommends : 

(1)  That  the  special  committee  be  either  continued  or  made  a 
standing  committee  of  the  American  Bar  Association. 

(2)  That  until  Congress  has  enacted  legislation  fosterinff  and 
regulating  aeronautics  and  until  the  Supreme  Court  has  deter- 
mined the  extent  of  federal  control  over  aeronautics  no  further 
consideration  be  given  to  the  question  of  a  constitutional  amend- 
ment to  vest  exclusive  jurisdiction  over  aeronautics  in  the  federal 
government. 

(3)  That  the  members  of  the  American  Bar  Association  be 
urged  to  cooperate  with  the  national  authorities  and  with  local 
authorities  in  their  respective  states  to  the  end  that  governmental 
action  may  result  which  will  tend  to  the  development  of  aero- 
nautics in  the  United  States^  thereby  contributing  to  our  national 
prosperity  and  strengthening  our  national  defense. 

II. 

Rbport. 

At  the  outset  the  committee  determined  to  confine  its  inquiry 
to  three  problems. 

First :    Federal  legislation. 

Second :    The  relation  between  federal  and  state  I^slaticm. 

Third:    A  constitutional  amendment 

The  report  of  the  special  conmiittee  on  the  law  of  aviation 
which  was  submitted  through  the  Executive  Committee  of  the 
American  Bar  Associaticm  to  the  membership  at  large  at  the 
annual  meeting  held  in  Cincinnati  in  1921  presented  so  fully  the 
fundamental  legal  problems  connected  with  the  law  of  aeronautics 
that  we  deem  it  unnecessary  to  restate  them  here.  New  problems 
have  arisen,  such  as  the  question  involved  in  the  New  York  case 

(418) 


414  REPORT  OF   COMMITTEE  ON 

of  in  re  Beinhardt  23^  N.  Y.  115,  in  which  the  queBtion  was 
whether  a  flying  boat  or  hydroplane  is  subject  to  feaeral  legisla- 
tion with  reference  to  employer's  liability  when  moored  upon 
navigable  waters  or  whether  it  is  subject  to  state  legislation. 
This  is  only  one  of  the  many  novel  questions  that  have  arisen  and 
^are  bound  to  arise  in  the  evolution  of  the  law  of  aeronautics. 

III. 

Cooperation  With  the  Committee  on  a  Uniform 

Aviation  Act. 

Dean  George  G.  Bogert  of  Cornell  Law  School,  who  is  a  mem- 
ber of  this  committee  and  is  also  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  a 
Uniform  Aviation  Act  appointed  by  the  National  Conference  of 
Commfesioners  on  Uniform  State  Laws,  together  with  the  chair- 
man of  your  committee  arranged  for  the  cooperation  of  the  two 
committees  in  the  tasks  assigned  them.  This  seemed  particularly 
desirable  in  view  of  the  fact  that  the  third  recommendation  of  the 
special  committee's  report  made  in  1921  called  attention  to  the 
importance  of  the  relation  between  federal  and  state  regulation 
of  aeronautics.  It  was  apparent  that  state  and  federal  legislation 
must  be  made  to  harmonize  if  commercial  aeronautics  were  to 
be  fostered.  A  joint  meeting  of  the  two  committees  was  sub- 
sequently held  in  Washington,  D.  C,  on  February  25,  1922. 
Government  officials,  aircraft  manufacturers  and  all  those  inter- 
ested in  aeronautics  were  invited  to  attend  in  person  or  to  send 
representatives  to  present  their  views  with  reference  to  state  and 
federal  legislation.  Between  forty  and  fifty  persons  appeared 
before  this  joint  meeting,  over  half  of  whom  participated  in  the 
proceedings.  Of  the  two  committees  there  were  present  George 
G.  Bogert,  Daniel  W.  Iddinffs,  Charles  V.  Imlay,  A.  T.  Stovafi, 
George  B.  Young  and  William  P.  MacCracken,  Jr.  At  the 
conclusion  of  the  afternoon  meeting  the  committees  went  into 
joint  executive  session. 

IV. 
State  Legislation. 

Dean  Bogert's  redraft  of  the  uniform  act  was  considered  in 
detail  in  the  light  of  the  opinions  expressed  by  Government 
officials,  aircraft  manufacturers  and  other  interested  persons  and 
it  was  decided  that  the  uniform  act  should  be  redrafted,  adopting 
such  suggested  changes  as  were  acceptable  to  a  majority  of  the 
entire  committee  of  the  commissioners. 


THE  LAW   OP  AEBONAUnCS.  416 

V. 

Federal  Legislation. 

The^so-called  Wadsworth-Hicks  Bill  which  had  passed  the 
Senate  and  was  then  pending  before  the  House  Committee  on 
Interstate  and  Foreign  Commerce  was  considered  in  detail. 
While  the  consensus  of  opinion  was  that  it  was  constitutional 
the  committee  felt  that  a  great  many  changes  should  be  made 
in  the  bill  before  its  enactment.  During  the  discussion  it 
developed  that  Hon.  William  £.  Lamb,  Solicitor  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Commerce,  was  working  on  a  draft  of  a  federal  bill. 
This  committee  directed  its  chairman  to  cooperate  with  him  in 
this  undertaking  and  to  offer  the  services  of  the  committee  to 
the  chairman  of  the  House  Committee  on  Interstate  and  Foreign 
Commerce.  Mr.  Lamb  is  still  engaged  in  drafting  a  federal  act 
in  which  work  your  committee  is  cooperating. 

VL 
Constitutional  Amendkbnt. 

At  the  joint  meeting  it  was  determined  to  refrain  from  taking 
any  action  and  from  discussing  further  a  constitutional  amend- 
ment until  the  initial  legislation  had  been  enacted  by  Congress 
and  passed  upon  by  the  Supreme  Court  Both  committees  and 
the  persons  who  participated  in  the  Washington  conference  felt 
that  any  action  or  discussion  looking  to  a  constitutional  amend- 
ment would  only  tend  to  delay  the  enactment  of  much  needed 
legislation. 

VII. 
Conclusion. 

In  conjunction  with  this  report  we  submit  a  transcript  of  the 
proceedings  held  in  Washington  and  a  copy  of  an  article  written 
by  Major  W.  Jefferson  Davis  published  in  the  April  issue  of 
United  States  Air  Service  entitled  "  Air  Laws  and  Air  Lanes.'* 
We  suggest  that  these  be  filed  for  future  reference  but  that  they 
be  not  printed  as  a  part  of  this  report. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

William  P.  MacCragken,  ^n,,  Chairman, 
Obobgb  G.  Bogsbt, 
Philip  A.  Cabboll, 
W.  Jeppebson  Davis, 
Daniel  W.  Iddings. 


14 


REPORT 

or  THB 

COMMITTEE  ON  AMERICAN  CITIZENSHIP. 

To  the  American  Bar  Association: 

This  committee  was  appointed  in  pursuance  of  a  resolution 
adopted  by  the  Executive  Committee  at  Tampa,  Florida,  January 
8,  1922,  to  devise  ways  for  promoting  the  study  of  and  devotion 
to  American  institutions  and  ideals.  We  have  interpreted  this 
resolution  as  laying  upon  us  the  duty  to  prepare  a  program  under 
which  the  lawyers  of  the  United  States,  co-operating  with  every 
patriotic  society  and  organization,  and  with  every  true  American 
man  and  woman,  shall  be  urged  to  join  in  an  earnest  effort  to  stem 
the  tide  of  radical,  and  often  treasonable,  attack  upon  our  Con- 
stitution, our  laws,  our  courts,  our  law-making  bodies,  our  execu- 
tives and  our  flag,  to  arouse  to  action  our  dormant  citizenship, 
to  abolish  ignorance,  and  crush  falsehood,  and  to  bring  truth  into 
the  hearts  of  our  citizenship. 

We  therefore  submit  the  following  report : 

Pkomotion  of  Anti-American  Pkopaganda. 

On  every  hand  is  manifested  open  revolt  against  authority. 
On  November  21,  1921,  the  President  of  this  Association,  in 
an  address  to  a  state  bar  association,  said : 

"  From  a  period  antedating  the  World  War  there  has  been  canied  on  in 
this  countiy  through  various  organizations,  in  certain  papers  and  ma^- 
zines,  and,  more  unfortunate  still,  by  a  substantial  number  of  the  teachmg 
force  in  our  schools  and  universities^  a  propaganda  against  the  institu- 
tions imder  which  we  live,  and  particularly  directed  against  the  limita- 
tions in  the  federal  and  state  conistitutions.  This  propaganda  has  been  a 
curious  as  well  as  a  dangerous  one.  As  far  as  can  be  aetermined  from  the 
outgivings  of  various  persons  and  organizations  it  has  been  at  the  same 
time  communistic  ana  anarchistic.  The  same  men  and  bands  of  men 
demand  in  one  breath  a  government  operating  all  means  of  production, 
which,  to  function  intelligently  and  practicallv,  would  have  to  be  a 
strong  government,  and  at  the  same  time  declare  themselves  supoior 
even  to  the  reasonable  restraints  of  the  laws  existing  under  the  limited 
government  we  now  have. 

The  authors  of  this  propaganda  proceed  in  various  ways,  but  in  aU 
cases  through  persistent  attacks  upon  existing  conditions.  Sometimes 
the  attack  is  openj  other  times  covert.  It  may  be  in  the  form  of  direct 
denunciation  or  sinister  suggestion,  the  latter  being  more  commonly 
emplo^red  by  the  half-baked,  so-called  educator  in  the  schools  who 
bumptiously  declares  himself  to  be  an  investigator  or  seeker  after  truth. 
Having  elevated  himself  into  that  high-sounding  position,  his  lectures 
are  full  of  suggestive  queries  as  to  whether  in  ract  things  are  right  as 
they  exist,   fibme  such  teachers  argue  for  socialism ;  others  for  a  legisla- 

(416) 


AMERICAN   CITIZENSHIP.  417 

ture  uncontrolled  by  the  courts.  One  college  professor,  wliile  occupying 
an  important  chair  in  a  |preat  university^  wrote  a  book  not  long  ago  in 
which,  in  addition  to  radical  economic  views,  he  devoted  one  chapter  to 
the  question  as  to  whether  in  fact  the  marriage  relation  as  it  has  existed 
for  ages,  is  not  fundamentally  wrong;  and  in  another  chapter  queried  as 
to  whetner  the  Christian  religion  was  not  man-made  and  out  of  date. 
I  have  no  objection  to  this  gentleman  entertaining  these  views  or  raising 
these  Queries  in  his  own  mmd,  or  arguing  them  with  adults,  but  I  do 
seriously  object  to  having  him  paid  a  salary  to  inject  these  questions  into 
the  uninformed  minds  of  the  coming  generation." 

This  is  a  conservative  expression  of  actual  conditions. 

ProfoTind  ignorance  of  the  simple  prindples  of  our  American 
government  is  an  ever-growing  menace.  All  around  us  is  evidence 
of  loss  of  faith  in  the  fundamental  principles  of  our  institutions. 

The  Constitution. 

Many  of  our  people  are  convinced  that  the  Constitution  was 
intended  as  an  aid  to  the  ridi  and  powerful  That  it  affords  un- 
warranted immunities  ^  the  railroads  and  other  great  corpora- 
tions>  and  is  an  instrument  of  oppression  to  the  poor. 

They  do  not  know  that  the  Constitutional  limitation  invoked 
by  the  corporation  to  protect  its  property  in  time  of  danger  is 
exactly  the  same  limitation  upon  which  the  widow,  the  working 
man  and  the  farmer  rely  to  guard  their  possessions  against 
wrongful  invasion. 

They  do  not  know  that  no  man  is  so  poor  or  so  obscure,  that 
he  cannot,  in  the  hour  of  threatened  injury,  turn  to  the  Constitu- 
tion as  his  protection  against  the  wrongful  acts  of  the  rich  and 
socially  prominent. 

We  are  convinced  that  if  it  could  be  submitted  to  a  vote,  a  large 
number  of  our  citizens  would  vote  in  favor  of  abolishing  the 
Constitution  entirely. 

The  Courts. 

Qroes  ignorance  of,  and  bitter  prejudice  against  the  courts  are 
manifest  in  every  community.  We  boast^  and  we^have  a  right  to 
boast,  of  the  marvelous  achievements  of  modem  civilization.  The 
meet  wonderful  thing  that  civilization  has  brought  to  the  human 
race  is  not  our  music,  our  literature,  our  sculpture,  our  architec- 
ture; not  our  accomplishments  in  science  and  invention.  The 
most  wonderful — the  most  marvelous  thing  which  civilization 
has  brought  to  the  human  race  is  a  method  and  a  tribunal  for 
settling  tiie  differences  between  men  in  an  orderly  and  peaceful 
way.  Men  are  so  constituted  that  they  will  disagree.  Perhaps 
the  foundation  of  this  human  trait  is  selfishness,  perhaps  it  is 
pride,  perhaps  it  is  the  love — ^nay,  the  demand — ^for  justice  which 
exists  in  every  human  heart.  In  the  olden  days  the  differences 
between  men  were  settled  by  brute  force.    This  made  the  strong 


418  REPORT  OP  COMMITTBB  ON 

man  the  master.  This  was  tme  not  only  of  individuals,  but  also 
of  nations.  War,  with  rare  exceptions,  has  been  the  only  instru- 
ment to  settle  international  differences.  We  have  not  yet  folly 
completed  the  establishment  of  a  tribunal,  universally  recognized, 
to  settle  international  disputes,  but  the  great  heart  of  humanity 
is-filled  with  the  hope  that  out  of  our  recent  World  War  will  come 
the  solution — that  an  international  court  will  be  established 
which  will  forever  end  war  and  its  hideous  consequences. 

After  centuries  of  crude  efforts,  the  human  race  has  found  a 
way  to  protect  individual  rights,  and  to  restrain  and  punish  wrong. 
Tins  tribunal  now  provided  in  all  civilized  nations  is  called  a 
court.  To  define  and  direct  and  restrain  human  actions — ^to  pro- 
vide for  the  punishment  of  wrongdoei^,  we  have  rules  of  conduct 
called  laws.  The  purpose  of  a  court  is  to  administer  these  laws. 
In  this  country  laws  are  enacted  by  the  people.  So  that  now, 
instead  of  grasping  in  angry  passion  the  battle-ax  or  the  bludgeon 
as  did  our  ancestors,  we  turn  to  the  law  and  to  the  courts  for  the 
punishment  of  those  who  do  us  wrong.  The  law  and  the  courts  are 
the  only  barriers  that  stand  between  us  and  anarchy.  When  men 
ignore  the  courts  and  defy  the  law  they  become  savages.  Mob 
rule  turns  back  the  hands  upon  the  great  dock  of  time  and  sweeps 
away  the  greatest  achievement  of  civilization.  Confidence  in  the 
law  and  in  the  courts  is  the  demand  of  this  troubled  hour.  The 
duty  to  maintain  law  and  order  in  times  of  peace  is  just  as  sacred 
as  the  duty  to  uphold  the  power  and  ttie  dignity  of  the  nation  in 
times  of  war. 

Unfortunately  the  people  know  but  little  of  the  work  of  the 
courts.  They  read  occasionally  of  some  apparent  miscarriage 
of  justice,  but  they  know  nothing  of  the  hundreds  of  thousands 
of  cases  tried  each  year  in  the  thousands  of  courts  in  this  country 
in  which  no  claim  is  made  by  any  one  that  substantial  justice  is 
not  administered. 

It  is  most  unfortunate  that  large  numbers  labor  under  the 
mistaken  notion  that  judges  in  deciding  cases  have  full  power  to 
do  as  they  please.    They  have  never  learned  the  great  toith  ex- 

1>ressed  by  Chief  Justice  Marshall,  that  this  is  a  ^  government  of 
aws  and  not  of  men,''  and  that  every  judge  upon  the  Bench,  from 
the  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  to 
the  police  magistrate,  is  just  as  firmly  bound  by  the  law  as  is 
the  humblest  citizen. 

They  do  not  realize  that  every  judge  has  taken  a  solemn  oath 
to  administer  the  law  as  it  is,  no  matter  how  much  he  may  wish 
it  were  otherwise. 

Injunctions. 

Because  injunctions  are  issued  in  certain  cases,  judges  are 
bitterly  criticized,  when  to  deny  the  right  of  injunction  would  be 


AMBBICAN   OITIZfiNSHIP.  419 

to  violate  the  judicial  oath.  InjunctioDs  are  hateful  when  they 
restrain  us  from  desired  action^  but  when  our  rights  are  in  jeop- 
ardy, we  hasten  to  the  courts  for  injunctive  relief. 

It  is  much  better  for  individuals  and  for  society  that  wrong 
should  be  prevented  than  to  award  damages  after  wrong  is  done. 
It  is  better  to  prevent  the  forest  fire  than  to  attempt  to  reforest 
the  devastated  region. 

Yet  at  a  recent  convention  it  was  imanimously  declared  that: 

"  The  continued  exercise  of  this  unwarranted  power  is  a  blasphemy  on 
the  rights  and  claims  of  free  men  of  America." 

Confidence  in  the  courts  must  be  revived.  Faith  in  the  justice 
of  America  must  be  restored. 

In  this  country,  the  people  can  have  any  law  they  desire,  pro- 
vided they  take  pains  to  organize  and  crystallize  public  sentiment. 
Besistance  to  authority  is  resistance  to  the  will  of  tiiie  people.  No 
o£Scial  can  speak  with  authority  unless  he  finds  such  authority 
in  the  law  of  the  land. 

Gross  Indipferbnob  of  Our  People. 

The  gravest  danger  is  the  gross  indifference  of  our  people  to 
the  duties  of  citizenship. 

The  fathers  of  the  republic  wrested  political  power  from  Par- 
liament and  the  king  to  vest  it  in  the  people.  From  the  moment 
that  the  Constitution  was  approved  no  man,  no  body  of  men,  no 
class,  no  ofiScial,  except  the  people,  could  enact  a  law,  and  none 
save  the  people,  or  the  chosen  representatives  of  the  people,  could 
enforce  it. 

Out  of  all  the  experiments  in  government,  tried  in  all  the 
thousands  of  years  of  the  existence  of  the  human  family,  our 
government  was  born.  Out  of  the  centuries  of  human  struggle, 
emerged  at  last  a  government  with  a  written  constitution.  For 
the  first  time  in  human  experience  guarantees  of  freedom  of 
worship,  freedom  of  thought,  freedom  of  speech,  freedom  of  the 
press,  and  freedom  of  ownership  of  property,  were  enshrined  in 
a  written  covenant — ^in  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States. 
This  government  rests  upon  the  will  of  the  people. 

Now  we  are  facing  this  problem:  What  shall  become  of  a 
government  by  the  people  if  the  people  refuse  to  govern? 

Under  our  plan,  the  will  of  the  people  is  expressed  at  the  ballot 
box.  The  right  to  vote  is  a  glorious  privilege.  The  destiny  of 
the  nation  rests  upon  its  intelligent  exercise. 

In  the  presidential  election  of  1920,  only  26,657,866  legal 
voters  went  to  the  polls  out  of  54,421,332  persons  of  voting  age 
in  the  United  States,  being  barely  more  than  50  per  cent  of  the 
legal  voters  of  the  entire  country. 


420  REPORT  OF   COHHITTBE  ON 

Never  in  our  history  has  there  been  so  much  of  hatred^  and 
prejudice,  and  suspicion,  and  greed,  and  malice ;  never  has  there 
been  more  division  and  strife ;  never  so  little  effort  to  pull  together 
in  the  exercise  of  a  common  purpose  to  improve  social  and 
industrial  conditions. 

Our  Form  of  Government  Now  Challenged. 

The  harvest  of  anti-Americanism  is  ripening.  Our  form  of 
government  is  challenged,  not  alone  upon  the  soap-box,  not  alone 
by  oath-bound  secret  societies  that  cloak  their  deadly  hatred  of 
free  principles  under  the  guise  of  patriotism,  but  by  men  **in 
the  seats  of  the  mighty .''  Our  proud  boast  has  been  that,  in  our 
Constitution,  we  have  a  Bill  of  Sights,  guaranteeing  to  the  hum- 
blest certain  inalienable  privileges  which  cannot  be  destroyed  by 
executives,  by  courts,  or  by  legislative  bodies;  not  even  by  a 
majority  of  the  people  themselves.  For  nearly  a  century  and  a 
half  the  courts  have  guarded  with  zeal  and  courage  this  BiU  of 
Bights. 

Now  comes  a  member  of  the  United  States  Senate,  who  charges 
our  Supreme  Court,  the  highest  court  in  the  world,  with  usurping 
power,  and  who  demands  that  our  written  Constitution  shall  be 
wiped  out.  The  proposal  that  legislative  bodies  elected  by  a  mere 
majority  of  the  people  shall  be  clothed  with  supreme  power,  can 
mean  nothing  less  than  the  destruction  of  our  written  Constitu- 
tion. Under  such  proposal,  the  American  people  are  guaranteed 
freedom  of  speech  only  until  some  legislative  body  declares  other- 
wise ;  our  people  may  have  religious  freedom — freedom  of  worship 
— only  until  a  legislature  otherwise  decrees.  We  may  have  free- 
dom of  the  press,  freedom  of  thought,  freedom  to  own  property, 
only  until  a  majority  of  the  people,  through  their  representatives, 
shall  announce  the  destruction  of  these  sacred  rights.  A  man's 
house  may  be  his  castle,  his  contracts  may  be  sacred,  only  until  the 
legislative  pen  is  drawn  through  the  most  sacred  proclamation 
ever  issued  to  the  world. 

This  movement  is  not  merely  an  attack  upon  the  courts ;  it  is 
an  attack  upon  our  form  of  government — a  government  by  the 
people  under  a  written  Constitution.  It  is  a  most  disheartening 
symptom  that  it  arouses  so  little  interest  and  so  little  public  con- 
demnation. It  is  only  too  apparent  that  very  many  of  our  people 
do  not  realize  what  this  destructive  proposal  means,  or  else  that 
they  have  little  interest  in  the  questions  involved. 

The  Challenge  Has  Been  Aooefted. 

But  this  challenge  of  our  institutions  and  of  our  plan  of  j^overn- 
ment  has  been  accepted.  The  Bar  of  America  will  stand  nrm  for 
the  oath  which  they  have  taken,  to  defend  the  Constitution  of  thn 


AMERICAN   CITIZENSHIP.  421 

United  States.  They  will  defend  the  Constitution  whether  the 
attack  upon  it  comes  from  those  in  official  Ufe  or  those  who  openly 
proclaim  antagonism  to  everything  American. 

The  Bbhedy. 

There  is  but  one  remedy  for  our  national  ills — education. 
Knowledge  and  inspiration  are  essential  to  citizenc^p. ' 

The  schools  of  America  must  save  America  I 

But  we  must  not  be  content  with  merely  imparting  knowledge. 
American  citizenship  should  mean  patriotism,  and  patriotism  is 
not  of  the  intellect  alone ;  it  is  very  largely  of  the  spirit  and  of  the 
heart.  It  cannot  be  taught  by  merely  imparting  information.  It 
cannot  be  taught  by  a  mere  discussion  of  principles.  Religion  is 
of  the  spirit;  so  is  patriotism. 

In  teaching  citizenfihip^  the  real  essential  is  '' atmosphere.'^ 
An  appeal  must  be  made  to  the  heart,  to  the  spirit  and  to  tlie 
emotions,  as  well  as  to  the  intellect. 

Gratitude  must  be  developed,  pride  must  be  aroused,  love  must 
be  inspired.  We  doubt  whether  pride  can  be  stirred  or  whetiier 
love  can  find  a  place,  in  any  heart  in  which  gratitude  is  not  alive. 

The  college  or  university  which  confers  a  degree  upon  any 
student  until  such  person  understands  and  feels  that  under  our 
Constitution  this  is  a  government  by  the  people,  with  self-imposed 
Hmitations  based  upon  a  recognition  of  inalienable  individual 
rights,  is  sowing  the  seed  of  destruction  of  the  faith  of  the  fathers. 

Every  college  graduate  is  a  center  of  influence  in  the  communis 
in  which  he  Uves — ^a  center  of  influence  for  good  or  evil.  And 
whether  such  influence  be  for  good  or  for  evil  depends  largely 
upon  impressions  gained  during  college  days.  The  schools  of 
America  should  no  more  consider  graduating  a  student  who  lacks 
faith  in  our  government  tlian  a  school  of  theology  should  consider 
graduating  a  minister  who  lacks  faith  in  God. 

Socialism  is  being  taught  in  some  of  our  schools  and  colleges. 
We  are  not  afraid  of  the  teaching  of  socialism  as  one  of  many 
theories  of  government,  but  we  do  object  to  its  presentation  as  the 
only  true  theory.  We  do  object  to  the  teaching  of  the  socialistic 
premise  that  our  present  form  of  government  is  unworthy  of 
respect  and  diould  be  swept  away.  Until  the  faith  of  Waidiington, 
and  Jefferson,  and  Hamilton,  and  Franklin,  and  Madison,  and 
Lincoln  has  been  crushed,  until  patriotism  and  loyalty  .and  con- 
fidence have  been  driven  out  of  the  heart,  there  is  no  room  in  the 
American  conscience  for  the  gospel  of  the  socialistic  agitator. 

Our  Constitution  mav  be  amended,  new  laws  may  be  made,  old 
laws  may  be  repealed,  out  every  change  which  is  made  must  be 
made  in  a  constitutional  way.  The  nation  must  stand  as  it  was 
builded  upon  the  foundation  laid  by  the  fathers.    It  will  always 


422  REPORT  OF   COMMITTEE  ON 

be  a  government  by  the  entire  people.  No  group,  whether  it  be 
called  a  soviet,  or  a  syndicate,  or  a  commune,  whether  it  be  com- 
posed of  capitalists  or  of  the  proletariat,  whether  it  be  made  up 
of  employers  or  of  employees,  of  millionaires  or  of  paupers — no 
group  will  ever  rule  in  this  country. 

Reoohhbndatioks. 

Your  committee  recommends : 

(1)  The  appointment  of  a  standing  committee,  to  be  known  as 
the  **  Committee  upon  American  Citizenship,"  composed  of  five 
members  representing  difiPerent  parts  of  the  United  States. 

(2)  Such  committee  shall  establish  a  bureau  to  have  active 
charge,  under  its  direction,  of  the  education,  training  and  devel- 
opment of  a  better  citizenship. 

(3)  Such  committee  and  the  bureau  established  by  it  shall  be 
non-partisan  in  all  political  controversies  and  in  all  disputes 
between  employers  and  employees,  to  the  end  that  their  power 
and  influetice  in  the  field  of  the  development  of  true  citizenship 
shall  not  be  weakened  by  any  feeling  that  the  American  Bar 
Association  and  it  agencies  are  representative  of  any  particular 
class. 

(4)  The  activities  of  the  bureau  shall  be  directed  toward : 

(a)  Arousing  patriotic  effort  of  the  members  of  the  Bar  in 
every  state,  utifizing  to  this  end  the  state,  city  and  country  bar 
associations,  and  co-ordinating  with  all  societies  having  the  same 
ends  in  view. 

(b)  Arranging  programs  and  outlining  plans  for  patriotic 
community  effort. 

(c)  Impressing  upon  members  of  the  Bar  that  they  are  called 
to  duty  as  leaders  in  educational  and  patriotic  effort,  and  making 
them  realize  that  they  are  sworn  to  uphold  and  defend  the  Consti- 
tution and  the  laws  of  our  country. 

(d)  Arranging  for  the  appointment  of  a  committee  in  every 
community,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  see  that  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States  is  taught  in  every  school,  public  and  private, 
throughout  the  United  States. 

(e)  Such  committees  shall  report  to  the  bureau  the  courses  in 
each  state,  the  textbooks  used,  and  the  qualification  of  teachers  for 
teaching  American  citizenship. 

(f)  The  bureau  shall  endeavor  to  have  made  provision  for 
training  in  citizenship,  not  only  in  the  schools,  but  for  adults  who 
have  never  had  an  opportunity  to  study  the  simple  but  important 
truths  of  this  government.  Methods  should  be  devised  to  carry 
into  the  homes  the  truth  about  our  institutions  in  order  to  counter- 
act the  falsehoods  disseminated  through  the  anti-American  news- 
papers, books  and  magazines. 


AMERICAN   GITIZBNSHIP.  423 

(g)  Realizing  that  newspaper  and  magazines  are  the  medium 
of  education  for  our  adult  citizens,  we  recommend  that  the  bureau, 
when  organized,  wherever  possible  shall  arrange  for  a  ^^  Depart- 
ment of  American  Citizenship^'  in  all  papers,  magazines  and 
journals,  the  material  therefore  to  be  furnished  by  the  bureau  if 
requested. 

(h)  That  the  committee  reouest  the  co-operation  of  the  Com- 
missioners on  Uniform  State  Laws  in  an  effort  to  have  enacted 
in  each  state  suitable  laws  making  a  course  each  year  in  the  study 
of  and  devotion  to  American  institutions  and  ideals  part  of  the 
curriculum  in  all  schools  and  colleges  sustained  o.r  in  any  manner 
supported  by  public  funds. 

(5)  Your  committee  is  impressed  with  the  wonderful  work 
done  in  past  years  through  the  ^^  University  Interscholastie 
League  "  organized  in  Texas,  and  now  expanded  under  the  title 
^^The  Citizenship  League  of  American  Schools  and  Colleges/' 
This  organization  realizes  the  value  of  school  contests  in  orations, 
essays  and  declamations  upon  patriotic  subjects.  It  thus  arouses 
the  spirit  of  contest,  and  this  inspires  not  only  the  interest  of 
pupils  and  students,  but  also  arouses  the  interest  of  the  fathers 
and  mothers. 

f  6)  Your  committee  realizes  that  the  plans  we  have  outlined 
will  require  the  use  of  considerable  money.  We  feel  that  the  Bar 
of  the  country  will  be  liberal  in  contribution,  but  we  also  feel 
that  the  burden  should  not  rest  upon  the  Bar  alone.  We  believe 
that  the  public  wiU  have  enough  interest  in  this  cause  to  see  that 
money  enough  is  provided  to  enable  it  to  perform  the  greatest 
good,  and  we  recommend  that  the  Committee  on  American  Citi- 
zenship shall  have  authority  to  call  for,  and  receive,  contributions 
to  carry  on  the  work — ^no  indebtedness  to  be  created,  imposing  any 
obligation  upon  this  Association,  or  its  membership. 

Your  committee  expresses  its  deep  appreciation  for  suggestions 
from  many  lawyers  not  members  of  the  committee,  and  to  numer- 
ous teachers  and  writers  in  schools  and  colleges,  and  to  business 
men — all  of  whom  have  expressed  their  desire  to  be  of  service  In 
this  great  cause.  We  are  sure  that  when  our  Citizenship  Bureau 
is  organized  all  these  can  be  relied  upon  for  real  assistance.  The 
foregoing  plan  is  intended  only  to  be  suggestive.  The  perma- 
nent committee,  when  constituted,  will  be  expected  to  work  out 
in  detail  an  adequate  plan  in  general  conformity  with  this  report. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

Martin  J.  Wade, 
Walter  George  Smith, 
Edgar  B.  Tolman, 
Andrew  A.  Bruce, 
RoBT.  E.  L.  Saner. 


RKPORT 

OF  THK 

SPECIAL  COMMITTEE  ON  LAW  ENFORCEMENT. 

To  the  American  Bar  Association: 

The  members  of  your  Committee  on  Law  Enforcement,  recog- 
nizing not  only  the  great  honor  conferred  upon  them,  but  also 
the  diflSculty  and  importance  of  their  task,  immediately  after 
the  adjournment  of  the  convention  in  September  last,  keeping 
in  touch  with  one  another  through  their  chairman  and  from  time 
to  time  by  personal  meetings,  took  up  their  work  imder  your 
commission. 

The  first  difficulty  which  confronted  us  was  a  discouraging 
dearth  of  oflBcial  information  upon  the  criminal  situation  in  the 
United  States.  No  other  great  civilized  country  is  so  far  behind 
on  this  important  matter. 

First  of  all  we  urge  the  establishment,  under  the  control  of 
the  Department  of  Justice  at  Washington,  of  a  Federal  Bureau 
of  Records  and  Statistics  to  which  criminal  authorities  in  the 
several  states  must  regularly  report ;  that  such  reports,  statistics, 
records,  photographs,  finger  prints,  etc.,  shall  be  immediately 
available  to  officers  charged  with  enforcement  of  the  criminal 
law  throughout  the  country.  Witiiout  knowledge  of  the  real 
situation,  it  will  be  impossible  thoroughly  to  diagnose  or  properly 
deal  with  the  problems  of  crime  whidi  confront  Us. 

Up  to  1910  the  government,  through  its  census  bureau,  com- 
piled a  report  of  prison  statistics.  While  lacking  in  some 
essentials,  this  compilation  still  supplied  much  valuable  infor- 
njation.  In  the  census  of  1920,  just  when  the  study  of  American 
criminology  could  accomplish  most,  for  some  unaccountable 
reason  the  government  abandoned  altogether  this  most*  impor- 
tant subject.  Police  records,  reports  of  mayors  of  cities,  and  of 
coroners  and  prosecuting  ofiicers,  and  like  official  tabulations  are 
seldom  complete  or  conclusive,  for  the  reason  that  for  the  most 
part  they  consist  not  of  actual  data  of  crimes  proven,  but  only 
of  accusations  of  and  arrests  for  crimes. 

Without  such  information  before  us,  it  wa«  difficult  to  begin 
any  thoroughly  scientific  investigation.  However,  your  com- 
mittee went  to  work  at  all  the  sources  of  information  it  could 
find.  Several  of  your  committee  individually  visited  the  larger 
cities  of  the  country  where  special  movements  for  the  suppression 
of  crime  had  been  inaugurated. 

(424) 


LAW  ENFORCEMENT.  485 

To  the  north  of  us  is  a  country  possessing  the  same  substantive 
laws^  the  same  religions^  and,  for  the  most  part,  similar  dominant 
races;  in  that  country,  however,  the  criminal  conditions  are 
strikingly  dissimilar  to  our  own. 

We  believed  that  an  examination  into  the  Canadian  situation 
might  be  helpful  in  our  investigation.  Accordingly,  one  of  youi 
committee,  in  December  of  last  year,  visited  the'  cities  of  Mon- 
treal, Toronto,  and  Hamilton,  and  made  a  visit  to  the  peni- 
tentiary at  Kingston. 

Inasmuch  as  the  statistics  in  Chicago,  owing  to  the  work  of 
the  Chicago  Crime  Commission,  are  fairly  accurate,  we  beg 
leave  to  oner  the  contrasts  shown  by  these  statistics  as  illumina- 
tive of  the  entire  criminal  situation. 

The  population  of  Canada  is  about  9,000,000,  that  of  Cook 
County,  Illinois,  about  3,000,000,  and  that  of  Chicago,  2,700,000. 
Notwithstanding  this,  we  find  that  there  were  in  1921 : 

In  Joliet  penitentiary  one  of  the  Illinois  state  prisons,  1930 
prisoners. 

In  all  Canada's  penitentiaries,  1930  prisoners. 

In  Chicago  4785  burglaries. 

In  Canada  2270  burglaries. 

In  Chicago  2594  robberies. 

In  Canada,  robberies  including  larceny  from  the  person,  605. 

In  Cook  County  212  murders. 

In  Canada  57  murders. 

It  will  not  do  to  say  that  the  Canadians  are  naturally  more 
law-abiding  than  we,  for  the  United  States  census  of  1910  shows 
that  when  persons  born  in  Canada  settle  in  the  United  States, 
they  are  even  a  little  less  law-abiding  than  the  native  white  citi- 
zens of  this  country. 

Out  of  a  Canadian  born  population  of  1,196,070  in  this 
country  in  1910,  7956  were  in  our  prisons,  and  out  of  the  natives 
of  17  foreign  countries  living  here,  Canadians  ranked  sixth  in 
lawlessness. 

The  natives  of  certain  European  countries  which  have  the 
best  record  for  law  observance,  when  settled  here  become  the 
most  lawless  of  all. 

These  facts  seem  to  dispose  of  two  theories  relative  to  crime : 

First,  that  foreigners  are  more  law-abiding  because  they  are 
naturally  so  constituted. 

Second,  the  other  contention  that  crime  is  largely  due  to 
mental  disease.  It  is  absurd  to  contend  that  we  are  so  mentally 
inferior  to  all  other  nations  as  to  make  this  difference  in  crime; 
if  so,  why  is  it  that  the  foreign-bom  criminals  seldom  get 
dementia  prsecox  until  they  cross  the  ocean  ?  Dr.  Herman  Adler 
and  a  corps  of  assisting  psychologists  spent  more  than  a  year 
investigating  the  mentahty  of  the  inmates  of  Joliet  Penitentiary. 


426  REPORT  OF   SPECIAL   COMMITTEE  ON 

The  result  of  these  investigations,  as  presented  to  your  com- 
mittee, was  to  the  effect  that  the  intelligence  of  the  average 
prisoner  equals  that  of  the  average  enlisted  man  in  our  national 
army  in  the  World  War. 

A  few  of  the  observable  differences  between  this  country  and 
Canada  may  be  noticed  at  once ;  Canada  has  but  three  laxge 
cities,  most  of  its  people  live  in  smaller  towns  and  in  the  country. 
Further,  the  administrators  of  the  criminal  law  in  Canada  are 
absolutely  beyond  the  reach  of  politics.  The  chief  of  police  in 
any  Canadian  city  is  secure  in  his  office  for  life  if  he  makes  good ; 
so  is  every  other  policeman  in  Canada.  The  police  force  is  a 
compactly  organized  semi-military  body.  The  judge  is  there  for 
life,  and  so,  practically,  if  he  so  desire,  is  the  prosecuting  attorney. 

Then,  too,  while  the  substantive  law  is  the  same  as  our  own, 
the  methods  of  its  application  are  altogether  different.  Justice 
is  swift  and  certain.  When  a  Canadian  is  convicted,  in  99  cases 
out  of  100  that  ends  the  matter.  The  Minister  of  Justice  may,  it 
is  true,  interfere  if  it  appears  that  perhaps  the  defendant  has 
been  convicted  on  insufficient  proof.  A  large  proportion  of  even 
the  more  serious  cases  are  tried  by  the  judge  without  a  jury. 

As  was  stated  to  your  committee,  crime  flourishes  because 
criminals  escape  punishment,  and  criminals  escape  punishment 
because  there  are  so  many  avenues  of  escape  open.  The  pre- 
valence of  the  abnormal  volume  of  crime  in  our  larger  cities  is 
the  result  of  years  of  mollycoddling  and  sympathy  by  misin- 
formed and  ill-advised  meddlers. 

In  Canada  the  penalties  imposed  for  crime  are  far  more  severe 
than  our  own.  In  fact,  the  theory  there  seems  to  involve  pro- 
tection to  the  public,  with  only  a  secondary  concern  for  the 
criminal. 

Again,  the  general  character  of  our  immigrants  is  different. 
The  Canadian  population  is  homogeneous,  ours  inextricably 
heterogeneous.  Several  European  countries  encourage  emigra- 
tion to  the  United  States.  Some  undoubtedly  encourage  criminal 
emigration. 

Prior  to  1900  we  had  fewer  foreign-born  criminals  than  native 
born.  The  Immigration  Commission  appointed  by  the  Sixty- 
first  Congress  reported  that  while  this  was  then  true,  neverthe- 
less the  children  of  the  foreign-born,  together  with  the  foreign- 
born,  contributed  a  larger  percentage  of  criminals  in  proportion 
to  their  number,  than  tiie  native-bom  whites. 

As  shown  by  the  United  States  Census  1910,  page  110,  out 
of  100,000  of  the  native-bom  white  population  there  were  312.4 
prisoners;  out  of  100,000  of  the  foreign-born  732.6  were  in  our 
prisons. 

Finally,  there  prevails  an  undefined  but  palpable  difference 
in  the  attitude  toward  the  law  of  the  two  men  upon  the  street — 


y  LAW  ENFOBGEMENT.  427 

the  Canadian  and  the  American.  There  exists  in  some  of  the 
European  races  an  inherited  fear  of  law.  This  fear  comes  from 
a  time  scarcely  a  century  away  when  the  punishment  of  every 
serious  crime  was  death  for  the  offender.  The  races  who  live 
across  our  Northern  border  have  not  wholly  broken  away  from 
that  influence. 

Following  these  investigations,  your  committee,  in  order  to 
ascertain  at  first  hand  the  conditions  of  affairs  in  the  several 
centers  of  population^  held  open  sessions :  in  Washington  March 
6  and  7,  in  Chicago  April  10  and  11,  in  Joliet  Penitentiary  April 
12,  in  New  York  June  1  and  2,  and  a  final  conference  in  St.  Paul 
July  10  and  11.  At  these  sessions  a  number  of  leading  penologists 
and  criminologists  appeared  and  testified. 

In  Joliet  prison  half  a  dozen  of  the  more  intelligent  profes- 
sional criminals  gave  us  the  attitude  of  the  criminal  mind. 

We  have  been  favored  with  some  thousands  of  pages  of  printed 
and  typewritten  matter,  most  of  which  is  of  importance  and  has 
receivcKl  our  careful  attention. 

As  to  whether  there  actually  exists  a  so-called  crime  wave  in 
this  country,  we  respectively  report : 

In  1880  there  were  30,659  prisoners  in  our  penitentiaries ;  in 
1890,  46,233;  in  1904,  53,292;  in  1910,  58,800.  At  our  solici- 
tation the  Crime  Commission  of  Chicago  sent  a  questionnaire  to 
the  85  wardens  of  state  and  federal  prisons  in  this  country,  ask- 
ing that  information  be  sent  us  as  to  the  size  and  character  of 
their  prison  population. 

Prom  all  the  data  and  opinions  of  experts  which  your  com- 
mittee has  been  able  to  gather,  we  beg  leave  to  report  that — 
particularly  since  1890 — ^there  has  been,  and  continues,  a  widen- 
ing, deepening  tide  of  lawlessness  in  this  country,  sometimes 
momentarily  receding,  to  swell  again  into  greater  depth  and 
intensity.  At  intervals  this  tide  billows  into  waves  that  rise 
and  break,  but  only  for  a  time  attracting  public  attention. 

In  a  statement  made  before  your  committee,  ex-Justice  John 
W.  Goff,  ex-recorder  of  New  York,  summed  up  the  situation 
thus: 

Officials  in  some  cities  claim  there  is  no  crime  wave.  The  newspapers 
throughout  the  country  claim  that  there  is  a  wave  of  crime. 

Be  that  as  it  may,  it  is  not  for  this  committee,  or  anyone  addressing  it, 
to  enter  into  a  discussion  whether  it  exists  or  not;  but,  at  all  events, 
I  think  it  can  be  safely  stated  that  in  the  history  of  this  country  we  have 
never  been  before  confronted  with  anything  like  the  criminal  conditions 
we  have  today  *  *  *  *  Not  a  day  passes  that  there  is  not  recounted  in 
the  newspapers  some  terrible  outrage  involving  robbery  and  murder 
*  *  *  *  In  my  humble  judgment,  the  cardinal  fault  in  the  administra- 
tion of  criminal  justice  today  is  the  lack  df  promptness  and  finality  in 
the  administration  of  the  law.  Statutory  regulation  and  amendment 
may  be  of  some  use,  but  all  statutory  legislation  has  had  a  tendency 
within  the  last  quarter  of  a  century  in  favor  of  the  criminal. 


428  REPORT  OF  8PB0IAL  COMMITTEE  ON 

The  criminal  situation  in  the  United  States,  so  far  as  crimen 
of  violence  are  concerned,  is  worse  than  that  in  any  other  civi- 
lized country.  Here"  there  is  less  respect  for  law.  While  your 
comnuttee  cannot  obtain  the  exact  figures,  from  all  available 
sources  of  information,  we  estimate  that  there  were  more  than 
9500  unlawful  homicides  last  year  in  this  eoimtry;  that  in  1920 
there  occurred  not  less  than  9000  such  homicides,  and  that  in  no 
year  during  the  past  10  years  did  the  number  fall  below  8500. 
In  other  words,  during  the  past  10  years,  no  less  than  85,000 
of  our  citizens  have  penshed  by  poison,  by  the  pistol  or  the  knife, 
or  by  some  other  unlawful  and  deadly  instrument. 

Burglaries  have  increased  in  this  country  during  the  past  10 
years  1200  per  cent. 

In  short,  our  situation  today  appears  almost  as  bad  as  that  of 
England,  France,  Italy,  and  Spain  as  late  as  1837,  as  portrayed 
by  Lord  Bowen. 

Another  important  phase  of  this  situation  deserves  careful 
attention.  We  deem  it  important  to  note  tiie  material  difference 
between  the  character  of  crime  conditions  prevailing  here  and 
those  abroad.  Our  regrettable  eminence  is  due  in  most  part  to 
crimes  of  violence  against  the  person  and  property.  In  1910, 
out  of  the  58,800  confined  in  our  state  and  federal  prisons, 
15,316,  or  more  than  25  per  cent  of  all  prisoners,  had  com- 
mitted homicides.  While  of  course  this  number  includes  the 
accumulaition  of  yeaiB,  this  awful  fact  still  bears  its  own 
significance. 

The  evidence  before  us  shows  that  there  has  been  since  1910  a 
steady  and  terrible  increase  not  only  in  homicides,  but  also  in 
burglaries  and  robberies.  One  state  has  in  its  different  prisons 
3547  inmates;  of  these  1429  are  guilty  of  taking  the  lives  of 
human  beings.  Taken  at  random,  a  few  prison  records  showing 
the  number  incarcerated  for  homicide  the  first  of  January  of 
this  year  will  illustrate  the  general  situation  : 

Population  HomicideH 

California,  San  Quentin 2,585  482 

Nevada    150  26 

Idaho    295  50 

New  Mexico  358  77 

Delaware  349  28 

New  Jersey,  Trentpn 1,286  290 

Kentucky    544  169 

JoHet.  Illinois 1,930  454 

North  Dakota  235  26 

Georgia    , 3,547  1,429 

South  Dakota  .: 320  \  no  murders 

r5  manslaughter 

Indiana    ..1,451  332 

Mississippi 1,590  641 

Iowa   755  144 


LAW  ENFORCEMENT.  4S9 

Deliberate  murder^  burglary  and  robbery  will  seldom  be 
attempted  unless  the  criminal  is  armed.  In  European  countries 
the  criminals,  as  a  rule,  are  not  armed. 

On  the  other  hand,  in  crimes  which  indicate  the  dishonesty 
of  th^  people,  such  as  larcency,  extortion,  counterfeiting,  forgery, 
fraud  and  other  crimes  of  swindling^  a  comparison  of  conditions 
demonstrates  that  the  morals  of  this  country  are  better  tlian  in 
any  other  of  the  large  coimtries  of  the  world.  The  American 
people  are  an  honest  people;  commercial  integrity  here  works  to 
a  higher  standard  than  in  any  other  land,  the  morality  oi  the 
country  ia  higher,  the  lives  of  its  citizens  are  cleaner,  offenses 
against  women  aad  children  are  less  frequent  aad  more  uni- 
versally abhorred. 

The  criminals  of  this  country  number  less  than  one-third  of 
1  per  cent  of  the  entire  population.  One  serious  obstacle  to  the 
enforcement  of  the  criminal  law  arises  from  the  attitude  of  the 
law-abiding  citizen  when  called  upon  to  aid  in  its  actual  admin- 
istration. The  American  temperament  adjusts  itself  to  sym- 
pathy with  the  accused  and  a  corresponding  disregard  for  the 
rights  of  the  public.  In  cases  where  much  public  feeling  is 
aroused  the  man  of  affairs  too  often  deserts  the  cause  of  justice. 
Chief  Justice  Scanlan,  of  the  Criminal  Court  of » Chicago,  re- 
ferring to  some  labor  trials  in  his  court  a  few  years  ago,  said : 

Three  hundred  and  eightv  busineas  men  were  called  for  jury  service 
and  379  of  them  perjured  themselves  out  of  the  jury  box. 

Want  of  sympathy,  if  not  actual  disrespect  for  the  law,  reaches 
up  to  the  highest  stations  and  extends  down  to  the  lowest.  The 
ultimate  enforcement  of  the  law  rests  upon  the  jury  box.  If  the 
average  American  citizen  had  without  sympathy  or  prejudice 
performed  his  duty  this  terrible  record  would  not  have  to  be 
written. 

In  a  general  way  the  committee  has  endeavored  to  consider 
the  question  in  a  three-fold  aspect : 

First,  the  extent  of  lawlessness  in  this  country  and  a  compari- 
son as  between  the  conditions  in  this  country  and  those  in  other 
civilized  nations. . 

Second,  the  causes  of  lawlessness. 

Third,  suggestions  as  to  possible  remedies. 

Crime  and  lawlessness  in  the  United  States  have  been  steadily 
on  the  increase  and  out  of  proportion  to  our  growth,  and  there 
has  been  a  steady  and  growing  disrespect  for  law.  In  oui 
opinion  this  10  not  a  result  of  the  war.  We  do  not  find  the 
proportional  increase  in  crime  from  1916  to  11122  greater  than 
from  1910  to  1916,  and  we  have  not  been  able  to  discover  that 
crimes  of  violence  have  materially  increased  in  France,  England, 


430  REPORT  OF  SPBGIAL  OOHMITTEB  ON 

or  Canada  during  or  since  the  war,  although  the  effects  of  the 
war  naturally  must  be  more  marked  in  those  countries. 

It  is  our  united  opinion  that  the  means  provided  in  the  United 
States  fqr  coping  with  crime  and  criminals  are  today  neither 
adequate  nor  efficient^  for  example : 

First,  we  find  that  the  parole  and  probation  laws,  as  admin- 
istered, very  generally  fail  to  accomplish  the  purposes  for  which 
the  laws  were  designed  and  weaken  the  administration  of  crimi- 
nal justice.  We  recommend  that  first  offenders,  and  first 
offedders  only,  should  be  eligible  for  probation.  The  theory  of 
the  law,  of  course,  is  that  the  prisoner,  on  account  of  hia  good 
conduct,  and  where  it  has  been  demonstrated  in  the  opinion  of 
expert  parole  authorities  that  it  is  safe  for  the  public  generally^ 
should  be  released.  It  is  unquestionably  true  that  in  substanti- 
aUy  all  of  the  cases,  no  matter  what  the  crime  nor  how  hardened 
the  criminal,  the  boards  of  parole,  with  little  if  any  discrimina- 
tion, have  released  the  prisoner  at  the  end  of  the  minimum  of 
the  sentence.  Those  responsible  for  such  administration  over- 
look the  purposes  of  punishment  aa  a  deterrent,  disregard  utterly 
the  safei^  of  the  public,  and  defeat  the  very  purpose  of  the  law. 
We  recommend  that  the  indeterminate  sentaice  laws  should  be 
modified  so  as  to  apply  to  first  offenders  only,  and  we  beUeve,  too, 
that  neither  probation  nor  parole  should  be  permitted  those 
convicted  of  homicide,  burglary,  rape  or  highway  robbery. 

Second,  we  find  that  over  90  per  cent  of  the  murders  in  this 
country  are  committed  by  the  use  of  pistols.  We  find  that  the 
laws  prohibiting  the  carrying  of  firearms  or  deadly  weapons  are 
ineffective — in  fact,  that  they  work  to  the  benefit  of  the  criminal 
rather  than  to  the  law-abiding  citizen.  The  revolver  serves  no 
useful  purpose  in  the  community  today.  We  recommend  that 
the  manufacture  and  sale  of  pistols,  and  of  cartridges  or  ammu- 
nition designed  to  be  used  in  them,  shall  be  absolutely  pro- 
hibited, save  as  such  manufacture  shell  be  necessary  for  govern- 
mental and  official  use  under  proper  legal  regulation  and  control. 

Third,  we  find  the  causes  for  delay  in  criminal  cases  so  varied 
and  the  conditions  so  differing,  that  we  hesitate  to  make  specific 
recommendations.  Certainly  it  is  true  that  the  criminals  and 
not  the  public  benefit  by  these  delays.  The  Constitution  pro- 
vides :  ^^  In  all  criminal  prosecutions,  the  accused  shall  enjoy  the 
right  to  a  speedy  trial.*'  As  everyone  familiar  with  criminal 
prosecution  knows,  this  is  the  kind  of  enjoyment  that  few 
charged  with  crime  desire. 

Dilatory  motions,  such  as  motions  to  inspect  the  grand  jury 
minutes,  which  the  trial  judge  may  take  under  consideration 
almost  indefinitely;  motions  for  an  order  dismissing  an  indict- 
ment, from  which,  if  granted,  the  prosecution  in  many  of  our 
states  has  no  right  to  appeal ;  adjournments  on  account  of  other 


LAW  BNFORGEMBKT.  431 

engagements  of  counsel^  a  privilege  greatly  abused  in  some 
jurisdictions^  and  many  other  causes  for  delay^  all  accrue  to  the 
benefit  of  the  law-breaker. 

We  recommend  that  the  state  be  ffiven  every  right  to  appeal 
now  enjoyed  by  a  defendant — except  from  a  verdict  of  not  guilty, 
and  we  recommend  that  the  prosecutor  in  a  criminal  trial  shall 
have  the  right  to  call  the  attention  of  the  jury  to  the  fact  that 
the  defendant  has  failed  to  take  the  stand  or  has  failed  himself 
to  contradict  or  deny  the  testimony  offered  by  the  prosecution. 

We  lecommend  that  the  state  be  given  the  right  to  amend  the 
indictment  upon  proper  terms^  in  matters  of  form. 

We  recommend  that  there  should  be  but  one  appeal  from  a 
judgment  of  conviction  in  the  trial  court. 

We  recommend  that  there  be  enacted  legislation  limiting  the 
time  during  which  judges  or  courts  may  hold  under  advisement 
dilatory  motions  made  in  criminal  trials;  that  at  the  eviration 
of  such  time^  without  action,  such  a  motion  shall  be  deemed  to 
be  denied. 

Fourth,  we  find  that  in  some  of  the  states  the  jury  is  the  final 
judge  both  of  the  law  and  the  facts.  The  court  may  inform  the 
jurors  as  to  the  law,  but  he  must  instruct  them  that  while  he  has 
expressed  his  opinion,  they  must  be  the  final  judges,  not  only 
as  to  the  facts,  but  as  to  the  law,  and  its  application  to  the 
evidence.  Thus  it  is  clearly  within  the  power  of  jurors  abso- 
lutely to  nullify  the  laws  of  a  sovereign  state  and  there  is  no 
appeal  on  the  part  of  the  government  from  their  determination. 
We  believe  that  such  a  condition  is  absolutely  subversive  of  a 
government  of  law  and  we  recommend  the  reped  of  such  statutes. 

Fifth,  we  find  in  various  jurisdictions  glaring  abuses  in  the 
matter  of  bail,  both  in  the  amounts  imposed  and  in  the  sufiSciency 
of  security  offered. 

Sixth,  we  find  that  further  legislation  should  be  enacted  by  the 
Congress  to  punish  and. prevent  lynching  and  mob  violence. 

Seventh,  we  find  that  more  stringent  laws  limiting  and  con- 
trolling immigration  should  be  enacted  and  enforced. 

Eighth^  we  find  that  the  bill  now  pending  in  the  Congress; 
increasing  the  number  of  United  States  District  Judges  and 
conferring  powers  upon  the  Chief  Justice  and  Senior  Circuit 
Judges  to  have  supervision  over  the  work  of  the  courts  and  see 
that  the  dockets  are  kept  clear,  should  be  enacted. 

Ninth,  no  meritorious  case,  whether  civil  or  criminal,  that  is 
cognizable  in  the  courts  of  the  country,  ought  to  be  denied  the 
services  of  an  able,  courageous  and  loyal  advocate.  And  no  man 
or  woman,  however  humble,  ought  to  be  able  to  say  in  any  Ameri- 
can community  that  justice  is  too  expensive  for  the  poor.  We 
therefore  urge  that  in  every  community  the  members  of  this 
association  volunteer  to  aid,  without  fee,  the  worthy  poor  who 


432  LAW  ENFOBCEMENT. 

are  being  oppressed,  defrauded  or  otherwise  wronged,  and  who 
have  not  the  meaas  to  employ  counsel. 

Tenth,  first  offenders  must  be  segregated  from  veteran 
criminals,  for  the  jails  throughout  the  land  today  are  breeding 
places  for  crime,  and  the  young  and  thoughtless  who  may  often 
be  reclaimed,  are  taught  by  professional  criminals  to  scorn  the 
restraints  of  society;  and  in  this  connection  we  may  well  con- 
sider the  extension  of  psychopathic  laboratories  established  as 
adjuncts  to  the  criminal  courts. 

From  what  has  been  intinmted,  many  more  specific  recom- 
mendations could  have  been  made  which,  if  adopted,  might  im- 
prove the  eflSciency  of  our  courts.  But  in  the  opinion  of  the 
committee  it  is  not  necessary  to  wait  another  day,  or  to  wait  for 
new  laws.  Such  laws  would  be  helpful,  but  if  we  honestly  and 
thoroughly  enforce  those  which  we  already  have,  we  shall  have 
traveled  a  long  ways  towards  the  solution  of  the  problem. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

William  B.  Swanby,  Chairman, 
Mabcus  Kavanaqh, 
Chables  S,  Whitman, 
Wade  H.  Ellis, 
Chables  W.  Pabnham, 

Committee. 


REPORT 

OF  THB 

SPECIAL  COMMITTEE  ON  INTERNAL  REVENUE  LAW  AND 

ITS  MEANS  OF  COLLECTION. 

To  the  American  Bar  Association: 

A  majority  of  the  Special  Committee  on  Internal  Beveiiue 
Law  and  Its  Means  of  Collection^  appointed  by  the  President  of 
the  Association,  October  5,  1921,  met  in  Washington,  D.  C, 
January  17  and  18, 1922. 

After  a  general  conference  in  which  the  order  of  business  was 
determined,  the  committee  proceeded  to  call  upon  D.  H.  Blair, 
Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue ;  C.  P.  Smith,  Assistant  to  the 
Commissioner;  James  H.  Beal  and  Joseph  E.  Sterrett,  mem- 
bers of  the  Tax  Simplification  Board;  N.  T.  Johnson,  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Appeals  and  Review;  Carl  A.  Mapes,  Solici- 
tor of  Internal  Revenue  and  E.  H.  Batson,  Deputy  Commissioner. 
To  each  of  these  gentlemen  it  was  explained  that  the  purpose  of 
the  committee  was  to  further  the  cooperation  of  the  members  of 
the  Bar  and  the  officers  of  the  Treasury  Department  in  the  en- 
forcement of  the  federal  tax  laws  and  the  regulations  issued 
thereunder. 

Various  preliminary  suggestions  were  brought  forth  at  each 
interview  indicative  of  the  type  of  recommendation  the  com- 
mittee was  considering  preparatory  to  taking  formal  action. 
These  suggestions  were  discussed  from  many  angles  and  the 
Government  officers  were  assured  of  the  assistance  of  the  com- 
mittee. 

A  second  session  of  the  committee  was  held  the  evening  of 
January  17  and  a  third  session  on  the  forenoon  of  January  18. 
At  the  third  session  it  was  voted  that  the  editor  of  the  Journal 
of  the  American  Bar  Association  be  asked  to  lend  his  columns  to  a 
request  for  suggestions  from  the  members  of  the  Association 
generally  which  niight  be  utilized  by  the  committee  in  formulat- 
ing its  proposals.  The  Secretary  was  instructed  to  carry  out  this 
feature  and  did  so,  the  result  subsequently  appearing  in  the 
February  issue  of  the  Jouenal. 

It  was  further  voted  that  a  second  and  final  meeting  of  the 
committee  be  held  in  Washington,  March  27  and  28  if  such  days 
should  be  feasible  and  if  not,  that  such  meeting  be  held  as  soon 
thereafter  as  could  be  conveniently  arranged. 

(433)  ' 


434  REPORT  OF   SPECIAL  COMMITTEE  ON 

In  accordance  with  this  resolution^  the  committee  held  a  second 
meeting  in  Washington,  D.  C,  on  the  4th  day  of  May,  1922.  A 
majority  of  the  committee  was  present,  abd  proceeded  to  call 
npon  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  engaging  in  conference  Mr. 
J.  H.  Beal,  Chairman  of  the  Tax  Simplification  Board.  Mr.  Beal 
was  advised  of  the  formal  recommendations  the  committee  in- 
tended making  and  requested  that  they  be  submitted  to  the 
Department  in  writing.  As  the  result  of  this  request  the  follow- 
ing letter  was  written : 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  Commiaeioner  oflntemal  Revenue,  Chair'' 
man  of  the  Tax  SimpUficatum  Board,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Gbntlbmbn^—As  the  result  of  a  conference  with  Mr.  J.  H.  Beal, 
Chairman  of  the  Tax  Simplification  Board,  and  at  his  suggestion,  we  are 
submitting  the  following  recommendations  with  respect  to  certain  fea- 
tures of  the  practice  and  procedure  in  the  Bureau  of  Litemal  Revenue, 
with  respect  to  the  income  and  excess  profits  taxes. 

1.  An  examination  of  Department  Circular  No.  230,  issued  April  25, 
1922,  promulgating  rep:ulations  governing  Hie  recognition  of  attorneys 
and  agents  representing  claimants  and  others  before  the  Treaairy 
Department,  indicates  that  while  such  attorneys  and  agents  are  subject 
to  very  stringent— and  imdoubtedly  proper— regulations,  very  little 
provision  is  made  by  the  Department  for  their  protection.  As  a  conse- 
quence, we  believe  that  regulations  should  be  issued  containing  reas- 
onable and  proper  provisions  for  the  recognition  and  protection  of 
attorneys  and  agents  representing  taxpayers  before  the  Treasury  Depart- 
ment. In  this  respect  we  specifically  recommend  the  promulgation  of 
additional  regulations  to  the  effect  that  once  a  duly  qualified  attorney 
or  agent  has  filed  the  requisite  power  of  attorney  to  act  for  a  taxpayer 
thereafter  said  attorney  or  agent  be  regarded  and  treated  as  the  sole 
channel  for  communications  between  the  department  and  the  taxpayer 
in  so  far  as  the  power  of  attorney  filed  permits,  to  the  end  that  an  attom^r 
before  the  department  may  receive  the  same  recognition  and  have  the 
same  rights  that  he  enjoys  before  a  court  of  record. 

2.  In  view  of  repeated  embarrassments  encountered  by  the  represen- 
tatives of  taxipayers  prosecuting  matters  upon  appeal  from  the  Income 
Tax  Unit  arising  from  the  introduction  at  the  hearing  upon  appeal  of 
questions  concerning  which  the  said  representatives  were  not  advised 
when  the  appeal  was  taken,  we  recommend:  That  in  all  departmental 

I)roceedings  of  an  appellate  nature,  the  position  of  the  unit  below  as.  to 
aw  and  fact  shall  be  fully  stated  in  writing  to  the  taxpayer  or  his 
representatives  in  such  manner  that  all  the  issues  between  the  unit  and 
the  taxpayer  shall  be  clearly  defined  and  that  all  opinions  rendered 
upon  such  issues  shall  be  communicated  in  full  to  the  taxpayer  affected 
and  made  available  as  to  the  principles  involved  to  all  taxpayers  affected 
thereby. 

3.  In  view  of  the  practice  of  the  department  of  ascribing  as  the  basis 
of  decisions  rendered,  opinions  which  are  not  made  available  to  the 
taxpayer  either  before  or  after  the  hearing,  we  recommend :  That  any  final 
opinion,  recommendation  or  decision  rendered  by  the  department,  or 
any  subdivision  thereof,  affecting  any  particular  taxpayer  shall  be 
communicated  to  him  and  be  made  available  to  any  oUier  taxpayer 
affected  by  the  general  principle  enunciated  in  such  final  opinion,  recom- 
mendation, or  decision. 

4.  In  view  of  the  existing  congestion  and  neceesaiy  delay  resulting 
from  the  enormous  volum^,  of  business  being  handled  by  the  Bureau  of 


INTERNAL  REVENUE  LAW.  436 

Internal  Revenue,  we  recommend:  That  there  be  provided  separate 
conference  rooms  for  each  of  the  major  divisionB  of  the  Income  Tax 
Unit  and  that  general  facilities  for  giving  the  taxpayer,  or  his  repre- 
senative,  apcess  to  the  officer  having  the  taxpayer's  case  in  charge  be 
improved  in  those  matters  which  do  not  require  formal  or  extended 
conferences. 

5.  In  view  of  the  |nreat  loss  and  injustice  that  has  resulted  from  the 
long  delay  in  obtaining  judicial  construction  of  certain  provisions 
of  the  Revenue  laws,  we  recommend:  That  the  department  evolve  a 
procedure  whereby  there  may  be  more  speedily  obtained  court  divisions 
m  those  disputed  constructions  of  the  laws  which  require  for  settlement 
the  determination  of  the  courts. 

The  above  mentioned  recommendations  will  be  embodied  in  the 
report  which  we,  as  members  of  the  committee  appointed  for  the  purpose, 
will  make  to  the  American  Bar  Association  at  ito  meeting  in  San  Fran- 
cisco. August  9.  10  and  1I«  1922. 

Very  truly  youn, 

Charlbs  Hbnrt  Btttlbb.  Chaurman, 
Gbobgb  M.  MoBias,  Secetary. 

On  various  occasions  individual  members  of  the  committee 
have  discussed  matters  of  procedure  with  the  Commissioner  and 
other  officials  of  the  Bureau  of  Internal  Revenue  and  urged  the 
adoption  of  simpler  procedure. 

Exactly  what  definite  action  will  be  taken  upon  its  recommen- 
dations the  committee  cannot  report,  but  it  is  significant  that 
many  of  the  features  of  the  practice  and  procedure  m  the  Bureau 
of  Internal  Revenue  concerning  which  your  committee  made 
preliminary  recommendations  in  its  January  conferences  with 
the  officers  of  the  Department  have  been  modined  in  the  direction 
suggested  by  the  committee. 

In  view  of  the  still  formative  period  in  which  the  practice  and 
procedure  before  the  Bureau  of  Internal  Bevenue  continues  and 
the  necessitv  of  close  and  effective  observation  on  behalf  of  the 
members  of  the  Bar  who  are  being  concerned  with  the  legal 
aspect  of  tax  questions,  it  is  suggested  to  the  members  of  this 
Association  that  the  Committee  on  Internal  Bevenue  and  Its 
Means  of  Collection  be  continued. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

Charles  Henby  Butler,  Chairman, 
Oeoroe  M.  Morris,  Secretary, 
Murray  M.  Shoemaker, 
William  H.  Folland, 
Benjamin  W.  Kern  an. 


REPORT 

OFTHI 

COMMITTEE  ON  FINANCE. 

To  the  American  Bar  Association: 
The  Committee  on  Finance  reports  as  follows : 
This  committee  was  created  by  resolution  passed  at  the  meeting 
of  the  Executive  Committee  held  in  Philadelphia  on  Jan9ar7  5, 
1917,  and  by  that  resolution  was  given  the  power  to  invest  funds 
of  the  Association  when  so  directed  by  the  Executive  Committee. 
Pursuant  to  such  direction  your  committee  purchased  on  Janu- 
ary 31,  1917,  the  following  securities: 

10  Nortiiem  Pacific  Railway  Company  prior  lien  railway 

and  land  grant  4  per  cent  gold  bonds  due  1997. 
5  Pennsylvania   Company  consolidated  mortgage  bonds, 

issue  of  1916,  due  1960,  4^  per  cent. 
5  Illinois  Central  Bailroad  Company  4  per  cent  gold  bonds 
of  1952. 
Your  committee  paid  for  said  bonds  the  sum  of  $19,568.75. 
Thereafter  upon  like  authority  your  committee  invested  $15,- 
000  in  41  per  cent  Liberty  Loan  coupon  bonds,  \^hich  securities 
aggregating  $34,568.75  are  still  held  by  the  treasurer. 

All  of  the  aforesaid  bonds  are  registered  in  the  name  of  the 
American  Bar  Association. 

Frederick  E.  Wadhams, 
James  R.  Caton, 
JosiAH  Marvel. 

August  9,  19S2. 


(436) 


LIST  OF  STATE  BAR  ASSOCIATIONS 


NAMB.  PRESIDENT.  BBCaOTABT. 

Alabama  Suta  Bar  Ai-  W.  O.  Mulkey,  Alexander  Troy, 

•ociation.  Geneva.  Montgomery. 

Arizona    Bar    Attocta-  Frank  J.  Duffy,  J.  E.  Nelson, 

tion.  Nogales.  Phoenix. 

Bar  Association  of  Ar-  W.  F.  Ck>leman,  Roecoe  R.  L3mn, 

kansat.  Pine  Bluff.  Little  Rock 

California     Bar     Alio-  Jefferson  P.  Chandler,  T.  W.  Robinson, 

ciation.  Los  Angeles.  Los  Angeles. 

Coloracio  Bar  Aiiocia-  George  C.  Manley,       Robert  G.  Bosworth. 
tion.  Denver.  Denver. 

Stata   Bar   Aiiociation  A.  Heaton  Robertson,  James  E.  Wheeler, 
of  Connecticut.  New  Haven.  New  Haven. 

Bar  Association  of  tha  James  B.  Archer,  George  C.  Gertman, 

District  of  Columbia.  Washington.  Washington. 

Florida  State  Bar  Asso-  Armstead  Brown,  Herman  Ulmer, 

ciatioB.  Miami.  Jacksonville. 

Georgia    Bar    Associa-  Arthur  G.  Powell,  Harry  S.  Strozier, 

tion.  Atlanta.  Macon. 

Bar  Association  of  the  Sanford  B.  Dole,  Albert  M.  Cristy, 

Hawaiian  Islands.  Honolulu.  Honolulu. 

Idabo  State  Bar  Asso-  James  F.  Ailshie,  Sam  S.  Griffin, 

ciation.  Coeur  d'Alene.  Boise. 

Illinois  Sute  Bar  Asso-  Silas  H.  Strawn,  R.  Allan  Stephens, 

ciation.  Chicago.  Danville. 

Indiana  Sute  Bar  As-  C.  C.  Shirley,  George  H.  Batchelor, 

sociation.  Lidianapohs.  Indianapolis. 

Iowa  State   Bar  Asso-  James  A.  Devitt,  H.  C.  Horack, 

ciation.  Oskaloosa.  Iowa  City. 

Bar  Association  of  tbe  Ben  S.  Gaitskill,  W.  E.  Stanley, 

State  of  Kansas^  Girard  Wichita. 

Kentucky  Sute  Bar  As-  Wm.  W.  Crawford,        J.  Vener  Conner, 

sociation.  Louisville.  LouiBviUe. 

Loubiana  Bar  Associa-  Fred  O.  Hudson,  Wm.  Waller  Young, 

tion.  Monroe.  New  Orleans. 

Maine  State  Bar  Asso-  Charles  W.  Hayes,        Norman  L.  Bassett, 
ciation.  Foxcroft.  Atagusta. 

Maryland  State  Bar  As-  S.  H.  Lauchheimer,       J.  W.  Chapman,  Jr., 
sociation.  Baltimore.  Baltimore. 

Massachusetts  Bar  As-  Addison  L.  Green,         Frank  W.  Grinnell, 

sociation.  Holyoke.  Boston. 

Michigan  State  Bar  As-  George  E.  Nichols,        E.  R.  Sunderland, 

sociation.  Ionia.  Ann  Arbor. 

MinnesoU     State     Bar  W.  D.  Bailey,  Chester  L.  Caldwell, 

Association.  Duluth.  St.  Paul. 

Mississippi    Sute    Bar  Gabe  Jacobson,  Fred  M.  West. 

Association.  Meridian.  Jackson. 

Missouri   Bar   Associa-  Charles  W.  German,      Kenneth  C.  Sears, 

tion.  Kansas  City.  Columbia. 

(437) 


438  LIST  OF   STATB  BAR  ASSOCIATIONS. 


NAME.  PBE8IDBMT.  SECaBTABT. 

MonUna   Bar   Atiocia-  Edwin  K.  Cheadle,       Burton  R.  Ck>le, 

tion.  Lewistown.  Lewistown. 

Nabraika  Suta  Bar  As-   Alfred  G.  Ellick,  Anan  Raymond, 

loctation.  Omaha.  Omaha. 

Nevada    Bar    Astocta-  L.  N.  French,  Anna  M.  Warren, 

tion.  Reno.  Reno. 

Bar  Association  of  tho  Reuben  E.  Walker,        Jonathan  Piper, 

Suto  of  Now  Concord.  Concord. 

Hampshire. 
New  Jersey  Sute   Bar  Chauncey  G.  Parker,     LeRoy  W.  Loder. 

Association.  Newark.  Bndfceton. 

New  Mexico  Bar  Asso-  H.  M.  Dow,  John  R.  McFie,  Jr., 

ciation.  Roswell.  Gallup. 

New    York    Sute    Bar  William  D.  Guthrie,      Chas.  W.  Walton, 

Association.  New  York.  Albany. 

North  Carolina  Bar  As-  L.  R.  Varser,  Henry  M.  London, 

sociation.  Lumberton.  -    Raleign. 

Bar       Association      of   Tracy  R.  Bangs,  W.  E.  Wenzre, 

North  DakoU.  Grand  Forks.  Grand  Forks. 

Ohio   Sute    Bar  Asso-   George  B.  Harris,  J.  L.  W.  Henney, 

ciation.  Cleveland.  Columbus. 

Oklahoma     Sute     Bar  Preston  C.  West,  W.  A.  Lybrand, 

Association.  Tulsa.  Oklahoma  City. 

OrecoQ    Bar    Associa-   Chas.  Henry  Carey,       Albert  B.  Ridgway, 

tion.  Portland.  Portland. 

PennsyWama   Bar   As-    A,  M.  Holding,  Harold  ^vBeitJer. 

sociation.  West  Chester.  Philadelphia. 

Rhode  Island  Bar  Asso-  Richard  B.  Comstock,  Elisha  C.  Mowry, 

ciation.  Providence.  Providence. 

South  Carolina  Bar  As-   Charles  Carroll  Sims,  C.  S.  Monteitb, 

sociation.  Bamswell.       '  Columbia. 

South  Dakota  Bar  As-  Perry  F.  Loucks,  John  H.  Voorhees, 

sociation.  Watertown.  Sioux  Falls. 

Bar      Association      of  Ehas  Gates,  C.  Raleigh  Harrison, 

Tennessee.  Memphis.  E^noxville. 

Texas  Bar  Association.   Richard  Mays,  BenF.  Wibon, 

Corsicana.  Houston. 

State    Bar    Association  E.  M.  Bagley,  I.  B.  Evans, 

of  Utah.  Salt  Lake  City.  Salt  Lake  City. 

Vermont   Bar   Associa-   Edwin  W.  Lawrence,     George  M.  Hogan, 

tion.  Rutland.  St.  Albana. 

Virginia  Sute  Bar  As-  Armistead  C.  Gordon,  John  B.  Minor, 

sociation.  Staunton.  Ridimond. 

Washington    State   Bar  Preston  M.  Troy,  W.  J.  Millard. 

Association.  Olympia.  Olympia. 

West  Virginia  Bar  As-  Douglas  W.  Brown,       Austin  V.  Wood, 

sociation.  Huntington.  Wheeling. 

Sute    Bar   Association  John  M.  Whitehead,     Gilson  G.  Glasier, 

of  Wisconsin.  Janeeville.  Madison. 

Wyoming     Sute     Bar  Roderick  N.  Matson,     Clyde  M.  Watts, 

Association.  Cheyenne.  Cheyenne. 

Far   Eastern   American  Chas.  S.  Lobingier,        Earl  B.  Rose, 

Bar  Association.  Shanghai,  China.  Shanghai,  China. 


SOME  OF  THE  LARGER  LOCAL  BAR 

ASSOCIATIONS' 


NAMB. 

AlUghenf   County   Bar 
Attoctatioa. 

Atlanta     Bar    Associa- 
tion. 

American    Patont   Law 
Association. 

Baltimoro  City  Bar  As- 
sociation. 

Bar  Association  City  of 
Boston. 

Brooklyn  Bar  Associa- 
tion. 

Chicago    Bar    Associa- 
tion. 

Cincinnati  Bar  Associa- 
tion. 

CloTcland  Bar  Associa- 
tion. 

DonTor     Bar     Associa- 
tion. 

Detroit     Bar     Associa- 
tion. 

Hennepin    Connty    Bar 
Association. 

Hndson  Co.  Bar  Asso* 
ciation. « 

Kanawha    County    Bar 
Association. 

Kansas  City  Bar  Asso- 
ciation. 

Lawyers     Club     of 
Buffalo. 

Lawyers  Club  of  Essex 
County,  N.  J. 

Law      Association      of 
Philadelphia. 

Linn  County  Bar  Asso- 
ciation. 


PRESIDENT. 

R.  A.  Balph, 

Pittsburgh,  .Pa. 

Arthur  G.  Powell, 

Atlanta,  Ga. 

J.  H.  Brickenstein, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Edgar  Allan  Poe, 

Baltimore,  Md. 

Wm.  Caleb  Loring, 

Boston,  Mass. 

Robert  H.  Wilson, 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

William  T.  Alden, 

Chicago,  111. 

Province  M.  Pogue, 
Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

John  J.  Sullivan, 

Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Wilbur  F.  Denious, 
Denver,  Col. 

Stewart  Hanley, 

Detroit,  Mich. 

F.  K.  Stinchfield, 
Minneapolis,  Minn. 

George  G.  Beach, 
Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

Berkeley  MinorjJr., 
Charleston,  W.  Va. 

L.  Newton  Wylder, 
Kansas  City,  Mo. 

William  G.  Dvorty, 

Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Horace  C.  Grice, 

Newark,  N.  J. 

Abraham  M.  Beitler, 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Elmer  A.  Johnson, 
Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa. 


SECRBTART. 

Harry  G.  Tinker, 

Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Robert  S.  Parker. 

Atlanta,  Ga. 

Arthur  L.  Bryant, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

A.  de  R.  Sappington. 
Baltimore,  Md. 

L.  Gushing  Goodhue, 
Boston,  Mass. 

Henry  S.  Rasquin, 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

William  8.  Miller, 

Chicago,  III. 

Oliver  G.  Bailey, 

Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

A.  V.  Abemethy, 

Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Albert  G.  Craig, 

Denver,  Col. 

Wesley  L.  Nutten, 

Detroit,  Mich. 

Morris  B.  Mitchell, 
Minneapolis,  Minn. 

F.  W.  Hastings,  Jr. 
Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

Charles  G.  Peters, 
Charleston,  W.  Va. 

Caleb  Monroe, 

Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Merritt  N.  Baker, 

.  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Joe.  G.  Wolber. 

Newark,  N.  J. 

Howard  Kirk, 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Geo.  C.  Claassen, 
Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa. 


*  For  several  years  the  American  Bar  Association  reports  have  con- 
tained a  list  of  the  officials  of  the  state  bar  associations  only.  It  has 
been  suggested  that  the  reports  should  contain  a  list  of  the  officers  of 
the  larger  local  bar  associations.  Therefore,  a  partial  list  of  local  bar 
associations  having  a  membership  of  100  or  more  is  set  forth  herein. 
Hie  Secretary  will  be  glad  to  receive  the  names  and  addresses  of  the 
President  and  Secretary  of  any  local  bar  association  not  included  in  the 
above  list  whose  membership  is  100  or  more.  Any  changes  in  the  officials 
of  state  or  local  bar  associations  should  be  reported  to  the  Secretary. 

(489) 


440         BOMB  OF  THB  LABOBB  LOCAL  BAR  ASSOCIATIONS. 


NAMB.  PBBSmENT.  BTCBRABT. 

Lot  AngelM  Bar  Asso-  Frank  James,  R.  H.  F.  Variel,  Jr^ 

cUtion.  Los  Angeles,  Gal.  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Mahoning   County    Bar  E.  E.  Miller,  T.  J.  Thomas, 

AtsociatioQ  Youngstown,  Ohio.        Youngstown,  Ohio. 

Milwaukea    Bar    Asio-  J.  0.  Hardgrove,  Wm.  A.  Klatte, 

ciatton.  Milwaukee,  Wis.  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Minneapolis  Bar  Asso-  William  D.  Roberts,      John  A.  Larimne, 

ciation.  '    Minneapolis,  Minn.        Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Multnomah    Bar    Asto-  Robert  Tucker,  J.  G.  Wilson, 

ciation.  Portland,  Oregon.  Portland,  Oregon. 

Now       York       County  Gharles  Straus.  Alfred  A.  Wheat, 

Lawyers  Association.  New  York,  N.  Y.  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Bar  Association  of  the  John  G.  Milbum,  Charles  H.  Strong, 

City  of  New  York.  New  York,  N.  Y.  New  York,  N.  Y. 

New  York  County  As-  Ely  Rosenberg,  William  H.  Byrne, 

sociation  of  Criminal  New  York.  N.  Y.  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Bar. 

Polk  County  Bar  Asso-  J.  P.  Parrish,  James  Goodwin, 

ciation.  Des  Moines,  Iowa.         Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

ProTidence    Bar    Club.  Vincent  Walters,  Edward  I.  Brownell, 

Providence,  R.  I.  Providence,  R.  I. 

Ramsay     County     Bar  John  M.  Bradford,         Roy  H.  Currie, 

Association.  St.  Paul,  Minn.  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Richmond  Bar  Associa-  Lucius  F.  Gary,  J.  B.  DuVal, 

tion.  Richmond,  Va.  Richmond,  Va. 

Sacramento   Bar   Asso-  Grove  L.  Johnson,  Joy  L.  Henry, 

ciation.  Sacramento,  Gal.  Sacramento,  Gal. 

St.  Louis  Bar  Associa-  Daniel  N.  Kirb^,  Frank  A.  Mohr, 

tion.  St.  Louis,  Mo.  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Bar  Association  of  San  Eugene  Daney.  Glarence  Smith, 

Diego.  San  Diego,  Gal.  San  Diego,  Gal. 

San  Francisco  Bar  As-  Jeremiah  F.  Sullivan.    Geoi^e  J.  Martin, 

sociation.  San  Francisco,  Gal.        San  Francisco,  Gal. 

Savannah  Bar  Associa-  Alva  L.  Herzog,  Wm.  R.  Sanderson, 

tion.  Savannah,  Ga.  Savannah,  Ga. 

Seattle     Bar     Associa-  O.  B.  Tliorgrimson,        G.  T.  Darworth, 

tion.  Seattle,  Wash.  Seattle,  Wash. 

Sioux    City    Bar   Asso-  D.  E.  Farr,  D.  G.  Shull, 

ciation.  Sioux  Gity,  Iowa.  Sioux  City,  Iowa. 

Stork  County   Bar  As-  Harrison  B.  Webber,     Thomas  M.  Miller, 

sociation.  Ganton,  Ohio.  Ganton,  Ohio. 

Washoe     County     Bar  Lester    D.    Summer-  John  Hoyt, 

Association.  field,       Reno.  Nev.  Reno,  Nev. 


MEMORANDUM  OF  SUBJECTS  REFERRED  TO 

COMMITTEES 


ExBOUTiVE  Committer. 

Besolution  offered  by  William  V.  Booker,  asking  for  the  ap- 
pointment of  a  Special  Committee  of  five  to  investigate  the 
situation  in  respect  of  labor  and  the  right  to  exercise  control 
thereof  (page  102). 

Committee  on  Law  Enporcbmbnt. 

Eesolution  offered  by  Nathan  Newby,  concerning  the  enforce- 
ment of  the  18th  Amendment  and  the  enacting  of  state  legisla- 
tion in  support  thereof  (page  102). 

Committee  on  International  Law. 

Besolutions  of  James  Brown  Scott  and  William  Howard  Taft, 
concerning  participation  by  the  United  States  in  the  permanent 
Court  of  International  Justice,  and  the  consideration  of  such 
changes  in  the  statute  organizing  the  present  Court  as  might 
make  it  possible  for  the  United  States  to  become  a  party  thereto 
(page  59  et  seq.). 

Committee  on  Jurisprudence  and  Law  Eeform. 

Besolution  instructing  committee  to  continue  to  promote  the 
passage  of  bills  mentioned  in  its  report  of  1922  (page  67). 


(441) 


PRESIDENTS'  ADDRESSES 

TEAB.  NAME.  SUBJECT. 

1879-1913.    In    accordance   with   a   provision   of   the   Confltltution 

(amended  in  1913),  the 'President's  address  each  year 
communicated  "  the  most  noteworthy  changes  in  Stat- 
ute Law  on  points  of  general  interest  made  In  the  sev- 
eral states  and  by  Congress  during  the  preceding  year." 

1914.  WiLLiAK  HowABD  Taft Somo  Needed  Federal  Legislation 

— Construction  of  the  Clayton 
Act. 

1915.  Petbb  W.  MiBr.nHTT>f The  Lawyer. 

1916.  EuHTJ  Root   .  .• Public  Service  by  the  Bar. 

1917.  Obobgb  Sttthoixand Private  Rights  and  Government 

Control. 

1918.  Walteb  Geobob  Sioth Civil  Liberty  in  America. 

1919.  Geobob  T.  Paob Government. 

1920.  Hampton  L.  Cabson The  Evolution  of  Representative 

Constitutional  Government. 

*  1921.    Jambs  M.  Bbqk The  Spirit  of  Lawlessness. 

1922.    Cobdenio  A.  Sevebancb The  Constitution  and  Individual- 
ism. 

*  In  place  of  President  William  A.  Blount,  deceased. 


(442) 


ANNUAL  ADDRESSES 

VAMM,  flUBJBOT. 

1)179.    Bdwaid  J.  PHELPfl.  i John  Marshall. 

1880.    CoBXLANi>T  Pabkb Alexander  Hamilton  and  WUiiau 

Paterson. 

188L    CLAAKflON  N.  Poma Roger  Brooke  Tan  v. 

1882.    AuzANiuBB  R.  Ljlwtoh Jamea  Lewla  Petlsru  and  Hngh 

Swinton  LegarA. 

1888.    JoHjf  W.  SnvBiraoii James  Madison. 

1884.    John  F.  Dillon American  Institutions  and  Laws. 

1886.    GsoBOK  W.  BmoLs An  Inquiry  into  the  Proper  Mode 

of  Trial. 

1886.  Thomas  J.  Sbmmis The  Civil  Law  and  Codification. 

1887.  HcNST  HnoKoooK General  Corporation  Laws. 

1888.  GsoBon  Hoadlt Codification. 

1888.  SncBon  B.  Baldwin The  Centenary  of  Modem  Gov- 
ernment 

1880.    James  C.  Camkeb The  Ideal  and  the  Actual  in  the 

Law. 

1891.    Ajj-bbo  Russkul Avoidable  Causes  of  Delsy  and 

Uncertainty  in  our  Courts. 

1882.  J.  Randolph  Tuckkb British  Institutions  and  Ameri- 

can Constitutions 

1883.  HknbtB.Bsown The  Distribution  of  Property. 

1894.    MooBviELD  SxoBBT The  American  Legislature. 

1896.    William  H.  Tatt Recent  Criticism  of  the  Federal 

Judiciary. 

1896.  LoBD  Russbll  or  Killowkn, 

Lord  Chief  Justice  of  Eng- 
land   International  Law  and  Arbitra- 
tion. 

1897.  John  W.  Gsioes Lawmaking. 

1898.  JosKPH  H.  Choatb Trial  by  Jury. 

1899.  Wqxiam  Lindsat Power  of  the  United  States  to 

Acquire  and  Govern  Foreign 
Territory. 

1900.  Gaoson  R.  Pick The  March  of  the  Constitution. 

1901.  Chabus  n.  LiTTLnnELD The  Insular  Cases. 

1908.    John  G.  Cablislc The  Power  of  the  United  States 

to  Acquire  and  Govern  Terri- 
tory. 

(443) 


444  ANNUAL  ADDBBSSB8. 


NAME.  8T7BJKOT. 

1903.  LiB  Babon  B.  Colt Law  and  ReasonableneM. 

1904.  Amos  IL  Thateb The  Louisiana  Purchase;  Its  in- 

fluence and  Deyelopment  Ud 
der  American  Rula 

1905.  ALntKD  Hemskwat The  American  Lawyer. 

1909.    Alton  B.  Pabkeb The  Congestion  of  Law. 

1907.  Rt.  Hon.  Jambs  Bbtob, 

British  Ambassador  to  the 

United  States The  Influence  of  National  Char- 
acter and  Historical  Bnrlron- 
ment  on  the  Derttlopment  of 
the  Common  Law. 

1908.  OsoBon  Txtbnsb The  Acquisition  of  the  Padflc 

Northwest 

1909.  Augustus  B.  Willson The  People  and  Their  Law. 

1910.  WooDBOW  Wilson The  Lawyer  and  the  Community. 

1911.  William  B.  Hobnblowse Anti-Trust  Legislation  and  Liti- 

gation. 

1912.  Fbank  B.  Ksllogo New  Nationalism. 

1918.    Rt.   Hon.   Righabd  Bubdon 

Haldanb,  Lord  High  Chan- 
cellor of  Great  Britain Higher  Nationality.    A  Study  in 

Law  and  Ethics. 

1914.    BuHU  Root The  Layman's  Criticism  of  the 

Lawyer. 
1916.    Joseph  W.  Bahxt The  American  Judiciary. 

1916.  LiNDixT  M.  Oabbibon Democracy  and  Law. 

1917.  Thomas  W.  Habdwick The  Interstate  Commerce  Clause 

of  the  Constitution. 

1918.  John  H.  Clabkb A  Call  to  Serrice. 

1919.  Bb.  David  Jatns  Hux The  Nations  and  the  Law. 

1920.  Albebt  J.  Bbveboxie The  Assault  upon  American  Fun- 

damentals. 

1921.  John  W.  Davis Our  Brethren  Overseas. 

1922.  Calvin  Coolidge  The  Limitations  of  the  Law. 


PAPERS  READ 

TEAB.  NAME.  SUBJECT. 

1879.  CALYm  O.  Child Shifting  Uses,  from  the  Stand- 
point of  the  Nineteenth  Cen- 
tury. 

1879.    Henbt  Hitohoock The  Inylolahillty  of  Telegrams. 

1879.  Obobob  a.  Mkboeb The  Relationship  of  Law  and 

National  Spirit 

1880.  Hkztbt  B.  Touifo Sunday  Laws. 

1880.    Obobgb  Tuobjd  Bispham.  . . .Rights  of  Material  Men  ana  Bm- 

ployees  of  Railroad  Companies 
as  against  Mortgagees. 

1880.  Henbt  D.  Htdb Extradition  between  the  States. 

1881.  Thomas  M.  Coolkt The    Recording    Laws    of    the 

United  States. 

1881.  Samuel  Waonsb The  Adrantages  of  a  National 

Bankrupt  Law. 

1882.  GusTATB  Kokbnkb The  Doctrine  of  Punitlye  Dam- 

ages  and   Its   Bffect   on   the 
Bthics  of  the  Profession. 
1882.    U.  M.  RosB Tlties  of  Statutes. 

1882.  Thomas  J.  Sbmmks The  CiTlI  Law  as  Transplanted 

in  Louisiana. 

1883.  RoBEBT  G.  Street How  tar  Questions  of  Public  Pol- 

icy May  Enter  into  Judicial 

Decisions.    . 

1888.    John  M.  Shibuet The  Future  of  our  Profession. 

1888.    Simeon  E.  Baldwin Preliminary     Examinations     in 

Criminal  Proceedings. 

1883.  Setmoub  D.  Thompson Abuses  of  the  Writ  of  Habeas 

Corpua 

1884.  Andbbw  Allison The  Rise  and  Probable  Decline 

of    Private    Corporations    in 
America. 

1884.    M.  Dwioht  Colueb Stodk  DiTidends  and  Their  Re- 
straint 

1884.  Simon  Stebne The  Preyention  of  Defectiye  and 

Slipshod  Legislation. 

1885.  RiCHABD  M.  Yen  able Partition  of  Powers  between  the 

Federal    and    State    Qorem- 
ments. 

1885.    Reuben  C.  Bmnxm The  Distinction  between  Leglsla- 

tire   and   Judicial   Functions. 
(445) 


446  PAPSHS  RBAD. 

TXAB.  IfAMS.  SUBJECT. 

1886.    Feanou  Rawlb ment  of  Jnrlapradenoe  In  th% 

1886.    Johnson  T.  Plait United  States. 

The  Opportunity  for  the  Deyelop- 

ment  of  Jurisprudence  In  the 
1886.    WnuAii  P.  WsLLS The  Dartmouth  Ck)llege  Case  and 

PrlTate  Corporations. 

1886.  John  F.  Dillon Law  Reports  and  Law  Reporting. 

1887.  Hbnbt  Jaokson Indemnlt j  the  Bssenee  of  Insur- 

ance; Causes  and  Consequen- 
oes  of  Legislation  Qualifying 
this  Principle. 

1887.  Jamis  K.  Edsall The  Granger  Cases  and  the  Police 

Power. 

1888.  J.  Randolph  Tucksb , .  Congressional  Power  oyer  Inter- 

State  Commerce. 

1888.  J;  11  WooLWOBTH Jurisprudence  Considered  as  a 

Branch  of  the  Social  Science 

1889.  Hknbt  B.  Bbown Judicial  Independence. 

1889.  Waltbb  B.  Hill The  Federal  Judicial  System. 

1880.    Hbnbt  C.  Tompkins The  Necessity  for  Uniformity  in 

the  Laws  Goyeming  Commer- 
cial Paper. 

1890.  Dwight  H.  Olmstead Land  Transfer  Reform. 

1890.  John  F.  Dunoohbb Election  Laws. 

189L    BteDEBiOK  N.  JuDSON Liberty  of  Contract  under  tne 

Police  Power. 

1891.  W.  B.  HoBNBLOWBB The  Legal  Status  of  the  Indian. 

1892.  John  W.  Cabt Limitations  of  the  Legislatiye 

Power  in  Respect  to  Personal 
Rights  and  Private  Property. 

1892.  William  L.  Sntmoi The  Problem  of  Uniform  Legis- 
lation. 

1898.    Hbnbt  Wadb  Roobbs The  Treaty-Making  Power. 

1898.    W.  W.  McFabland The  Brolution  of  Jurisprudence. 

1898.    U.  M.  ROBB Trusts  and  Strikes. 

1894.    Hampton  L.'  Cabson Great  Dissenting  Opinions. 

1894.    Chablbb  Glapun  Ailsn.  . .  .Injunction  and  Organized  Labor. 

1896.    William  Wnrr  Howb Historical  Relation  of  the  Roman 

Law  to  the  Law  of  England. 

1896.    RioHABD  Watnb  Pabkbb The  Tyrannies  of  Free  Goyem- 

ment,  or  Uie  Modem  Scope  of 
Constitutional  Guarantees  of 
Liberty  and  Prc^erty. 

1896.    Jambb  M.  Woolwobth The  Deyelopment  of  the  Law  of 

Contracts. 


PAPSBS  BSAD.  447 

ITAICE.  SimJSCT. 

199%.    Josira  B.  Wabrkb The  Responsibilities  of  the  Law* 

yer. 

1896.  MONTAOUB  Cbaokaitthobfi, 

of  the  English  Bar The  Uses  of  Legal  History* 

1897.  ROBEBT  Mathkb Constitutional  Constmetion  and 

the  Commerce  Clause. 

1887.  BuoBifs  Wavbaugh The  Present  Scope  of  Gorem- 

ment 

1888.  Ltkan  D.  Bbbwstcb Uniform  State  Laws. 

1898.  L.  C.  KnATTTHorr Malice  as  an   Ingredient  of  a 

Civil  Cause  of  Action. 

1899.  Edwabd  Q.  Kxabbet New  Jersey  and  the  Great  Cor- 

porations. 

1899.  Sib  Wv.  Rann  Kkitnkdt, 

Judge  of  the  High  Court  of 

Judicature .....The  State  Punishment  of  Crime. 

1900.  Edwabd  Atebt  HABBnfAir...l7ltra  Vire9  Corporation  Leases. 
1900.    John  Bassbtt  Moobe A  Hundred  Tears  of  American 

Diplomacy. 

1900.  RioHABD  M.  Vbvablb Growth  or  Brolution  of  Law. 

1901.  RioHABD  C.  Daub Implied  Limitations  upon  the  Ex- 

ercise of  the  LegislatlTe  Power. 

1901.    Hbnbt  D.  Estabbook The  Lawyer,  Hamilton. 

1901.    Chabues  J.  Hughes,  Je The  ETOlution  of  Mining  Law. 

1901.    Plait  Rooebs The  Law  of  New  Conditions — 

Illustrated  by  the  Law  of  Irri- 
gation. 

1908.    BL  D.  Chalmebs, 

Parliamentary  Counsel  to 

the  Treasury  (England) . . .  Codification  of  Mercantile  Law. 

1908.  Amasa  IL  Eaton The  Origin  of  Municipal  Incor- 
poration in  England  an^  in  the 
United  SUtes. 

1908.    HhojN  MoClaih The  Erolutlon  of  the  Judicial 

Opinion. 

1808.    8ib  Fbbdbbick  Poejlock, 

'of  the  English  Bar English  Law  Reporting. 

1908.  WnxiAif  A.  Glasgow,  Je.  ...  A  Dangerous  Tendency  of  Legis- 
lation. 

1904.    J.  M.  D10KIN8OK The  Alaskan  Boundary  Case. 

1904.  Benjamin  F.  Abbott To  What  Extent  Will  a  Nation 

Protect  Its  Citisens  in  Foreign 
Coun  tries? 

1905.  RioHABD  LooKHABT  HAND OoTcmment  by  the  People. 

15 


448  PAPERS  RBAB. 


NAKC  BUBJBCT. 

1906.    RoecoBPouifs The  Causes  of  Popular  Dlesatla- 

faetioQ  with  the  Admlnlatra- 
tloQ  of  Joetloew 

1906.    JoHK  J.  JvnuKs Can  Goagrees  Tranafer  to  the 

States  Its  Power  to  Regulafe 
Cknnmeree? 

1906.  Thomas  J.  KisnAif The  JorUpradence  of  Lawless- 
ness. 

1906.  Oaoaaa  B.  Datis Some  Recent  Progress  In  Inter- 

national Law. 

1907.  Chasejbs  F.  Amidok The  Nation  and  the  Ck>nBtitntion. 

1907.  Chabubs  a.  Pbotttt A  Fundamental  Defect  in  the  Aet 

to  Regulate  Commerce. 

1908.  CounBLius  H.  Hantosd National    Progression    and    the 

Increasing  Responsibilities  of 
Our  National  Judiciarj. 

1908.    Bdoab  H.  Fabrab The  Extension  of  the  Admiralty 

Jurisdiction  hy  Judicial  Inter- 
pretation. 

1908.  Fbedrbicx  Bausman Are  Our  Laws  Responsible  for 

the  Increase  of  Violent  Crime? 

1909.  Gbobqbs  Babbkt French  Family  Law. 

1909.    JxruAN  W.  Mack Juvenile  Courts. 

1909.  WnxiAM  L.  Cabpentbb Courts  of  Last  Resort 

1910.  W.  A.  HsifDiBSON The  DcTelopment  of  the  Hono- 

rarium. 

1910.  Charlbs  W.  Moobbs The  Career  of  a  Country  Lawyer 

— ^Abraham  Lincoln. 

1911.  JusTZOB  Hbnbt  B.  Bbown, 

Retired  The  New  Federal  Judicial  Code. 

1911.    ROBBBf  S.  Tatlob Equity  Rules  88,  34  and  85. 

1918.    Obobob  Sijthrbland The  Courts  and  the  Constitution. 

1918.    Stmposium  The  American  Judicial  System. 

Hrrbt  D.  Ebtabbook (a)  The  Judges. 

JOSRPR  C.  Fbavce (b)  The  Lawyers. 

BteDRBiOK  N.  JuDSoif (c)  The  Procedure. 

1918.    Whleam  H.  Taft The    Selection    and    Tenure   of 

Judges. 

1918.    8T1CFO8I0M  The  Struggle  for  Simplification 

of  Legal  Procedure. 

WnxxAM  0.  Hook (a)  Some  Causes. 

N.  Chablbs  BtnooB (b)  Legal  Procedure  and  Social 

Unrest 
WnxzAM  A.  Blovht (c)    The  Goal  and   Its  Attain- 
ment 


/ 


PAPBRS  BBAD.  449 

ITAHX.  fltJBJSOT. 

1914.  Rt.  Hon.  Sib  Chablbs  Fnz- 
PAiBzoK,  Chief  Justice  of 
the  Dominion  of  Canada. .  .The  Constitution  of  Canada 

1914.  Rt.  Hon.  R6MtTL0  8.  Na6n, 

Ambassador  from  the  Ar- 
gentine   Republic    to    the 

United  States The     Argentine     Constitutional 

Ideas. 
1916.    SncBoif  B.  Baxjdwik : . .'.  Changes  In  International  Law. 

1915.  Fwux  Fbankfubteb The  Law  and  the  Law  School. 

1916.  Wnxxuc  B.  Bobah The  Lawyer  and  the  Pabllo. 

1916.  Fbank  J.  QooDNow Prlyate  Rights  and  Admlnlstra* 

tlTe  Discretion. 

1917.  Chabues   E.   Hughsb War  Powers  under  the  Constitu- 

tion. 
1917.    Robbbt  McNutt  MoBuwt.  .  .The  RepresentatlTe  Idea  and  the 

War. 

1917.    William  H.  Bubobs A  Hothouse  Constitution;  Mexico 

1917. 

1917.  Oabton  db  Lb^al Prussian  Law  as  Applied  in  Bel- 

gium. 

1918.  Haiitton  U  Cabson Heralds  of  a  World  Democracy: 

The    Bngllsh    and    American 
ReTolutlons. 

1918.    Tsunbjibo  Mitaoka The  Safeguard  of  Civil  Liberty 

in  Japan. 
1918.    Gbobqb  I^.  Sobivbn Italy,  Our  Ally;  Her  Great  Part 

in  the  War. 
1918.    BSm njo  GnouBLM om  Response  to  Address  of  George 

P.  Scriyen. 

1918.  Fbdbuco  Camhbo The  Present  Value  of  Compara- 

tlye  Jurlsprudenoe. 

1919.  Blbcbt  H.  Gabt Reconstruction    and    Readjust- 

ment. 
1919.    Robbbt  Ltnk  Batts The    New    Constitution    of    the 

United  States. 
1919.    AiAEBT  C.  RiTCRiB Powcr  of  Congress  to  Tax  State 

Securities   under    Sixteenth 

Amendment. 

1919.  Robbbt  Lansing  Some    Legal    Questions    of    the 

Peace  Conference. 

1920.  SiB  Auckland  Gbddes The  Ancient  Problem. 

1920.    VmcouNT  Cavb The  Future  of  American  Law. 


450  PAPEBS  BXAD. 


NAHK.  AUBJaOT. 

1920.  Symposium    Legal  Aid. 

Reginald  Hebeb  Smith...  (a)  The  Relation  Between  Legal 

Aid  Work  and  tlie  Administra- 
tion of  Justice. 

Chables  Evans  Hughes.,  (b)   Legal  Aid  Societies,  Their 

B\inctlon  and  Necessity. 

Ebnest  L.  Tustin (c)  The  Relation  of  Legal  Aid  to 

the  Municipality. 

Ben  B.  Lindset (d)  Justice  for  Parent  and  Child 

Without  Cost 

1921.  Babbt  M.  Dauohbtt Respect  for  Law. 

1921.  Sib  Johh  A  Simon Our  Common  Inheritance  of  Law. 

1921.  Chablbb  S.  Tromab Without  a  Friend. 

1921.  RoKuiGHiBO  IfAflu^QCA International  Bar  Association. 

1921.  Stmfosium    The  Administration  of  Criminal 

Justice. 

Chaales  S.  Whitman (a)  Unenforceable  Law. 

LuTHJEB  Z.  Rosseb (b)  The  Illegal  Enforcement  of 

Criminal  Law. 
Mabgus  a.  Kavanaqh (c)  The  Adjustment  of  Penalties. 

1922.  LuciEN    Shaw    Development  of  Law  of  Waters 

In  the  West. 

1922.    P.  Dumont  Smith Kansas  Industrial  Court 

1922.    LoBD  Shaw  of  Dunfermline.  The  Widening  Range  of  Law. 
1922.    Hbnbt  Aubepin JMvlsIon  of  Governmental  Powers 

In  France  and  America. 

1922.    William    Howard   Taft Reforms  in  Federal  Procedure. 

1922.    Nicholas  Murray  Bxttleb.  .Preliminary  Education  of  Law 

Students. 

Note. — ^For  list  of  papers  read  before  Section  of  Legal  S«ducation 
and  Admissions  to  the  Bar,  and  the  Section  of  Patent,  Trade-Biark 
and  Copyright  Law,  see  1920  report.  Vol.  XLV,  pages  829  to  337, 
inclusive.  There  were  no  formal  papers  read  before  either  of  these 
Sections  at  the  1921  and  1922  meetings. 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF  THE 

COMPARATIVE  LAW  BUREAU 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Comparatiye  Law  Bureau  of  the 
American  Bar  Association  was  held  at  San  Francisco^  California^ 
at  2.30  P.  M.  on  Wednesday,  August  9  in  Sacramento  Hall, 
Native  Sons  Building. 

The  attendance  was  very  meager  and  but  formal  business  was 
transacted. 

The  Secretary  read  the  report  of  the  work  of  his  ofiBce  during 
the  past  year,  it  was  approved  and  ordered  to  be  made  a  part 
of  the  minutes. 

{See  Refort  at  end  of  these  minutes,  page  453.) 

The  Treasurer's  report  from  Eugene  C.  Massie,  Treasurer, 
showed  the  following: 

Incomb. 

June    1,  1920— Balance  on  hand  $15659 

Aug.  22,  1021 — Cash  from  Chipman  Law  Publishing  Co.,  for 

sales  of   publicatioDS 20.67 

Dues  from  Members,  Class  C 18.00 


$10526 


EXPBNDITURBS. 


June  18,  1921 — ^To  R.  P.  Shick,  Secty.,  for  foreign  publications 

and  petty  expenses,  Order  No.  52 9.18 

Oct.     4,  1921— To  Joseph  Wheless,  for  Mexican  ''Diario  Official" 

pubhcations  1920  and  1921,  as  per  Order  No.  53      3OJ0O 

Oct.  29,  1921— To  R.  P.  Shick,  Secty.,  for  petty  expenses  and 

Commerce  Reports,  as  per  Order  N.  54 10.15 

May  31,  1922— To  amount  to  balance 145J93 

$19526 

The  Treasurer's  report  was  accepted  and  approved  and  ordered 
to  be  spread  upon  the  minutes. 

(451) 


452  PB0CEra)ING8  OF  OOMPASATIYB  LAW  BUBBAU. 

The  following  officers  and  members  of  the  Conncil  of  the 
Comparative  Law  Bureau  were  elected  for  the  ensuing  jear: 

Chairman,  Wm.  W.  Smithers,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

yice-Chairman,  Charles  S.  Lobingier,  Shanghai,  China. 

Treasurer,  Eugene  C.  Massie,  Richmond,  Ya. 

Secretary,  Bobert  P.  Shick,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Council:  Simeon  E.  Baldwin,  Connecticut;  Boscoe  Pound, 
Massachusetts;  Andrew  A.  Bruce,  Minnesota;  John  H.  Wigmore, 
Illinois;  John  S.  Lehmann,  Missouri;  W.  O.  Hart,  Louisiana; 
Walter  S.  Penfield,  Washington,  D.  C. 

The  Secretary  reported  the  death  of  a  member  of  the  Council 
Seymour  C.  Loomis,  Esq.,  of  Connecticut.  The  deatii  of  Mr. 
Loomis  was  greatly  lamented.  He  had  been  a  very  efficient  and 
helpful  member  and  his  absence  was  greatly  regretted. 

Phanor  J.  Eder,  Esq.,  in  New  York  City,  was  elected  to  fill 
the  vacancy  on  the  Council,  due  to  the  death  of  Mr.  Loomis. 

On  motion  adjourned. 

RoBBET  p.  Shiok,  Secretary. 


REPORT 

09 

SECRETARY  OF  COMPARATIVE  LAW  BUREAU. 

To  the  Chairman  and  Council  of  the  ComparaHve  Lam  Bureau 
of  the  American  Bar  Association: 

Your  Secretary  begs  leave  to  report  upon  the  work  of  the 
bureau  during  the  past  year^  as  follows : 

I.  Chanob  of  Nahb. 

On  September  1, 1921,  your  Chairman  and  Secretary  addressed 
a  letter  to  Mr.  Charles  T.  Terry,  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Constitution  and  By-Laws,  requesting  that  the  name  of  Com- 
parative Law  Section  be  changed  back  to  the  name  of  Compara- 
tive Law  Bureau,  as  heretofore.  This  request  was  granted  and 
your  Secretary  was  notified  by  W.  Thomas  Kemp,  Secretary  of 
the  American  Bar  Association  that  the  Comparative  Law  Bureau 
would  be  the  name  hereafter  as  the  official  designation  of  our 
Section  or  subsidiary  organization  of  the  American  Bar  Asso- 
ciation. 

II.  Publications  of  the  Burkau. 

The  Ghipman  Law  Fublishinff  Company  of  Boston,  Mass., 
the  official  sales  agent  for  the  pubUcation  of  this  bureau,  report  a 
discouragingly  small  number  of  sales.  On  January  3,  last,  a 
report  showed  that  since  August  1,  1921,  there  had  been  sold  five 
copies  of  the  Argentine  Code,  three  copies  of  the  Swiss  Code  and 
one  copy  of  the  Visigothic  Code.  Your  Secretary  regrets  that 
he  has  not  any  recent  report  from  that  company  aluiough  he 
recently  requested  a  report  up  to  the  present  date. 

III.  iNquntiBS. 

The  practical  utility  of  the  work  of  the  bureau  has  been  evi- 
denced by  the  inquiries  which  have  come  into  your  Secretary's 
office  during  the  past  year. 

The  Federal  Trade  Commission  at  Washington,  D.  C.  inquired 
for  further  information  concerning  Japanese  Legislation  which 
had  been  noted  by  our  Editor,  Mr.  Eaneko,  in  Ms  contribution 
to  the  April  1922  Bulletin  in  the  April  number  of  the  American 
Bar  Association  Journal.     This  Japanese  law  authorizes  the 

(453) 


454    BBPOBT  OF  8ECREZAST  OF  COXPABATIYB  LAW  BUBBAU. 

Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Agricnltnre  to  hold  an  inyestigatioii 
for  monopolies  and  impose  penalties  upon  conviction. 

The  Lawyers  and  Merchants  Tranlation  Bureau  of  New  York, 
inquired  in  regard  to  the  Foreign  Code  Series. 

The  Librarian  of  the  Law  Library  of  the  State  of  Washington 
at  Olympia,  inquired  for  the  annual  bulletins  subsequent  to 
July  1,  1914. 

The  Librarian  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  Library  at  Syracuse, 
New  York,  inquired  likewise  for  the  annual  bulletins  of  the 
Comparative  Law  Bureau  subsequent  to  1914,  so  that  it  might 
have  a  complete  set  of  the  annual  bulletins  of  our  bureau. 

The  Czeehsolovak  Legation  at  Washington,  throng^  its  Consul, 
Dr.  B.  Bartosovsky,  inquired  for  a  year  book  of  tiie  American 
Bar  Association  or  of  the  State  Bar  Associations  and  stated  its 
desire  to  ^et  in  touch  with  American  lawyers  for  the  purpose 
g{  furnishing  Czeehsolovak  lawyers  with  American  legal  advisors. 
Your  Secretary  furnished  this  legation  with  a  copy  of  the  April, 
1922  number  of  the  American  Bar  Association  Journal,  and 
invited  co-operation  from  the  Czeehsolovak  Bar  in  the  work  of 
our  bureau.  The  Consul  reported  that  he  had  submitted  the 
nomination  of  a  proper  correspondent  for  our  bulletin  to  the 
leading  Czeehsolovak  law  association  and  your  Secretary  hopes 
to  receive  in  the  future,  contributions  from  someone  in  that 
country,  upon  the  developments  of  law  and  juriq[)rudence  in  that 
interesting  republic  of  central  Europe. 

The  Department  of  Commerce  of  the  United  States  Gk>vem- 
ment,  through  Mr.  A.  J.  Wolfe,  Chief  of  the  Division  of  Com- 
mercial Laws  in  the  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce, 
also  inquired  in  reference  to  foreign  codes  and  desired  informa- 
tion in  regard  to  the  work  of  our  bureau.  Your  Secretary  was 
also  visited  by  Mr.  Wolfe  who  expressed  great  interest  in  the 
work  of  our  bureau. 

Attention  here  should  be  called  perhaps  to  the  commerce  re- 
ports being  issued  by  Mr.  Wolfe's  Division  of  Coinmercial  Laws 
and  in  particular  to  the  reports  made  in  those  publications  upon 
the  requirements  of  the  laws  of  South  American  countries  and 
others  in  respect  to  international  commerce.  This  bureau  also 
undertakes  to  furnish  to  American  business  men,  the  names  of 
competent  and  reliable  lawyers  in  foreign  countries  with  which 
they  may  have  commercial  dealings,  and  in  which  countries  it 
may  be  necessary  to  have  local  counseL 

The  International  Intermediary  Institute  of  The  Hague,  Hol- 
land, has  furnished  your  Secretary  from  time  to  time,  its  quar- 
terly reports,  and  your  Secretary  has  been  able  to  secure  pubUcity 
for  the  work  of  this  institute  through  the  columns  of  the  Amer^ 
ican  Bar  Association  Journal.    This  institute  is  doing  a  very 


BBPOBT  OF  6S0BBTABT  OF  COliPABATITB  lAW  BXJBBAtT.   455 

praiseworthy  work  along  broad  international  lines  and  your  Secre- 
tary ventures  to  hope  that  our  American  lawyers  and  business 
men  may  come  to  know  the  value  of  the  work  of  this  institute 
and  follow  in  the  footsteps  of  our  Dutch  brethren  in  building 
up  international  relationships  in  law  as  well  as  in  commerce 
generally. 

IV.  Editobs. 

As  noted  in  our  annual  bulletin,  April,  1922,  Mr.  Lamar  C. 
Quintero,  of  New  Orleans,  Louisiana,  died  on  October  30,  1921. 
A  note  of  appreciation  of  his  life  and  work  was  prepared  for 
us  by  Mr,  W.  0.  Hart,  a  member  of  our  council, 

Mr.  Borris  M.  Komar,  a  graduate  in  law  of  Cambridge,  Eng- 
land, at  one  time  a  member  of  the  English  Bar  in  London,  a 
member  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court  Bar  and  since  1920, 
editor  of  the  Journal  of  Co-National  Law  and  American  corres- 
pondent of  the  International  Law  Association^  has  been  added  to 
the  Editorial  Staff  of  our  bureau,  and  we  hope  to  have  from  him 
in  the  future,  reports  upon  the  developments  of  law  and  juris- 
prudence in  Russia  and  tiie  Slovak  states  and  the  British  home 
and  colonial  legislation. 

Mr.  Arthur  K.  Kuhn  of  New  York  who  has  heretofore  reported 
upon  the  legislation  and  jurisprudence  of  Belgium,  has  felt  con- 
strained to  resign  from  our  Editorial  Staff.  He  has  recently 
been  endeavoring  to  form  the  American  branch  of  the  Inter- 
national Law  Association  and  finds  that  that  work  will  prevent 
his  co-operation  with  us  in  the  future  in  the  editorial  work  of  our 
bureau.  We  shall  miss  his  interesting  reports  from  year  to  year 
in  our  bulletins. 

V.  The  Bulletin. 

The  annual  bulletin  for  1922  appeared  in  the  April,  1922  num- 
ber of  the  American  Bar  Association  Journal.  It  speaks  for 
itself.  Note,  however,  might  be  made  here  of  the  contributions 
from  the  Philippine  Islands  and  from  China  and  Japan. 

In  June,  your  Secretary  received  from  Hon.  George  A.  Mal- 
colm, of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  a  copy  of 
his  opinion  in  a  Philippine  case,  involving  the  charge  of  sedition. 
It  is  illustrative  of  the  Spanish  criminal  procedure  as  inherited 
and  controlling  very  largely  the  present  procedure  in  the  Philip- 
pine Islands.  The  procedure  and  the  decision  of  the  Supreme 
Court  is  so  striking  by  way  of  contrast  to  our  American  methods, 
that  your  Secretary  has  secured  the  consent  of  Major  E.  B.  Tol- 
man.  Editor-in  Chief  of  the  American  Bar  Association  Journal 
to  insert  the  opinion  in  an  early  issue  of  the  Journal. 

During  the  past  year  an  article  appeared  in  the  Journal  of 
Comparative  Legislation  in  London,  England,  upon  the  *^  Study 


456     aBPOKT  OV  BSOBBTAET  OF  OOICPABATIVB  U.W  BUBBA.0. 

of  Comparative  Law  in  France  and  England/'  It  is  of  such  value 
that  your  Secretary  secured  the  consent^of  the  editors  of  our  sister 
society  in  England  to  the  use  of  the  article  in  our  American 
Bar  Association  Journal,  and  Major  Tolman  has  consented  to 
insert  it  in  an  early  issue  of  the  Journal 

The  Harvard  Law  Review,  in  its  May,  1922  number  has  a  very 
interesting  article  upon  ^^The  Function  of  Comparative  Law 
with  a  Critic  of  Social  Logical  Jurisprudence/'  by  Pierre  Lepaulle 
of  the  Paris  Bar. 

Your  Secretary  would  venture  the  hope  that  all  the  students  of 
comparative  law  may  read  these  articles  and  come  to  know  and 
appreciate  the  method  of  comparative  law  in  the  devebpment 
of  law  as  a  science.  The  perusal  of  them  will  certainly  be  of 
interest  and  will  show  us  Americans  how  much  more  has  been 
done  in  our  field  by  our  English  and  French  brethren. 

VII.  Lab  Sietb  Paetidas. 

Your  Secretary  can  report  but  progress  upon  this  subject 
As  reported  last  year,  your  Secretary  had  secured  a  very  favorable 
bid  from  The  Bobbs-Merrill  Company,  of  Indianapolis  for  the 
publication  of  this  work.  Ybur  Secretary  submitted  a  letter 
to  the  Chairman  and  members  of  the  Executive  Committee  of 
the  American  Bar  Association,  inviting  its  favorable  considera- 
tion of  the  offer  made  by  The  Bobbs-Merrill  Company.  The 
Executive  Committe,  however,  declined  to  take  up  the  printing 
of  this  work  and  your  Secretary  has  been  unable  to  do  anything 
elsewhere  looking  to  the  early  publication  of  this  translation  by 
Mr.  Scott. 

It  might  be  of  interest  to  add  that  two  orders  for  this  transla- 
tion have  come  in  to  your  Secretary  during  the  past  seven  months, 
from  the  Norman,  Bemington  Company,  of  Baltimore,  Maryland. 

BoBBRT  P.  Shick,  Secretary. 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF  THE 

JUDICIAL  SECTION  • 

The  Judicial  Section  of  the  American  Bar  Aflsociation  con- 
vened at  the  St.  Francis  Hotel,  San  Francisco,  Gal.,  on  Taesdajy 
Angust  8,  1922,  at  2.30  P.  M.,  Hon.  John  P.  Briscoe  of  Mary- 
land, in  the  Chair. 

A  short  address  of  welcome  was  delivered  by  Hon.  Charles  A. 
Shurtleff  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  California,  which  was  replied 
to  by  the  Chairman. 

The  Chairman  appointed  as  a  nominating  committee  Hon. 
Orrin  N.  Carter,  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Hlinois,  Hon.  Warren 
W.  Tohnan,  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Washington,  and  Hon. 
William  H.  Hunt,  United  States  Circuit  Judge,  San  Francisco, 
Cal. 

The  Chairman  then  introduced  Hon.  Curtis  D.  Wilbur,  Asso- 
ciate Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  California,  who  read  a 
paper  entitled  '^  Should  the  Defense  of  Insanity  to  a  Criminal 
Charge  be  Abolished.'* 

(The  Address  follows  these  minutes,  page  JtS9.) 

The  Chairman  next  introduced  Hon.  K  P.  Conrey,  Judge  of 
the  District  Court  of  Appeal,  Los  Angeles  Cal.,  who  read  a 
paper  entitled  ''The  Judicial  Section  and  its  Field  of  Oppor- 
tunity.*' 

(The  Address  follows  these  minutes,  page  U72.) 

Hon.  H.  A.  Bronson  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  North  Dakota 
moved  that  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Section  be  requested 
to  include  in  the  program  of  the  next  annual  meeting  of  the  Sec- 
tion a  symposium  devoted  to  the  subject  of  prevention  of  delays 
in  appellate  procedure,  embracing  (1)  som^  methods  of  speeding 
up  delays  in  appellate  procedure,  {2)  rendition  of  judicial  opin- 

*The  list  of  judges  registered  at  the  San  Francisco  meetinp  of  tb^ 
Judicial  Section  follows  these  proceedings.   @ee  page  480. 

(457) 


458  PB0CBBDINO8  OF  JUDICIAL  6ECTI0K. 

ions^  and  (3)  consideration  of  rules  of  court  in  the  administra- 
tion of  justice  in  appellate  courts.  The  motion  being  seconded 
by  Hon.  Orrin  N.  Carter  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Illinois  was 
referred  to  the  Executive  Committee. 

Judge  Carter^  as  Chairman  of  the  Conmiittee  appointed  at  the 
last  annual  meetings  read  a  memorial  tribute  to  the  former  Chair- 
man of  the  Section^  the  late  William  C.  Hook;  the  resolutions 
were  adopted  and  copies  thereof  were  ordered  sent  to  the  family 
of  Judge  Hook. 

A  recess  was  then  taken  until  7  P.  M.^  when  the  Annual  Dinner 
of  the  Judicial  Section  was  given  in  the  Italian  Ball  Boom  of  the 
St.  Francis  Hotel.  Hon.  John  P.  Briscoe^  Chairman  of  the  Sec- 
tion presided. 

The  speakers  were:  Lord  Shaw  of  Dunfermline^  Scotland; 
M.  Henry  Aubepin  of  Paris,  France;  Hon.  William  Howard 
Taft,  Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States;  Hon.  John  A.  Sanders 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Nevada;  Hon.  William  H.  Hunt^ 
United  States  Circuit  Court  of  Appeals,  8th  Circuit;  and  Hon. 
John  W.  Davis  of  New  York. 

There  were  about  135  members  and  guests  in  attendance  at 
the  dinner. 

After  the  conclusion  of  the  dinner  the  Committee  on  Nomi- 
nations reported^  recommending  the  election  of  the  following 
officers  of  the  section  for  the  ensuing  year :  Chairman,  Hon.  John 
P.  Briscoe  of  the  Maryland  Court  of  Appeals.  Members  of  the 
Executive  Committee;  the  Chairman  ex  officio:  Hon.  D.  Law- 
rence Groner,  United  States  District  Court  for  the  Eastern 
District  of  Virginia,  Hon.  Emmet  N.  Parker  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  State  of  Washington,  Hon.  Charles  A.  DeCourcey  of 
the  Supreme  Judicial  Court  of  Massachusetts,  and  Hon.  James 
I.  Allread  of  the  Appellate  Court  of  Ohio. 

The  officers  so  nominated  were  duly  elected  for  the  ensuing 
year. 

The  Judicial  Section  then  adjourned  Hne  die. 

John  T.  Tuckbb,  Seoreiary. 


SHOULD  THE  DEFENSE  OP  INSANITY  TO  A 
CRIMINAL  CHARGE  BE  ABOLISHED? 

BY 

HON.  CURTIS  D.  WILBUR, 

OP  THE  8UPBEMB  COURT  OF  CAUFORNJA. 

The  code  of  the  State  of  California^  like  that  of  the  most  of  her 
sister  states,  declares  that  idiots,  lunatics  and  insane  persons  are 
not  capable  of  committing  crimes.  No  matter  how  many  people 
are  killed  by  such  persons,  or  how  many  houses  or  towns  are 
burned  by  them,  no  crime  at  all  has  been  committed.  The 
damage  done  by  the  lunatic  is  jufit  as  real  and  just  as  great  as  if 
he  were  sane,  but  the  killing  of  a  human  being  is  no  offense 
because  there  was  no  mind  capable  of  imderstanding  the  wrong- 
fulness of  the  killing  and  although  the  lunatic  fully  intended  to 
kill  and  knew  that  he  was  taking  human  life,  no  offense  against 
the  law  is  committed. 

Having  determined  that  a  defendant  is  insane  the  criminal 
law  discharges  the  defendant;  homicidal  maniac  to  kill;  the 
idiotic  pervert  to  commit  other  sexual  crimes;  the  pyromaniac 
to  burn  more  houses  and  the  kleptomaniac  to  steal.  The  lunatic 
released  from  custody  with  a  verdict  and  judgment  of  the  court 
declaring  him  irresponsible  may  kill  and  destroy  indiscrimi- 
nately, for,  like  the  king,  he  "  can  do  no  wrong.'^  On  this  subject 
Blackstone  says :  "  Yet,  in  the  case  of  absolute  madmen,  as  they 
are  not  answerable  for  their  actions,  they  should  not  be  permitted 
the  liberty  of  acting  unless  under  proper  control ;  and,  in  particu- 
lar, they  ought  not  to  be  suffered  to  go  loose,  to  the  terror  of  the 
king^s  subjects.  It  was  the  doctrine  of  our  ancient  law  that 
persons  deprived  of  their  reason  might  be  confined  till  they  re- 
covered their  senses,  without  waiting  for  the  forms  of  a  commis- 
sion or  other  special  authority  from  the  crown ;  and  now,  by  the 
vagrant  acts,  a  method  is  chalked  out  for  imprisonmg,  chaining 
and  sending  them  to  their  proper  homes/' 

(450) 


460        SHOULD  THE  DEFENSE  OP  INSANITY  BE  ABOLISHED? 

As  Henry  M.  Boies  says  in  his  work  "  The  Science  of  Penol- 
ogy/* *'A  criminal  who  is  insane  is  much  more  dreaded  and 
dangerous  to  be  at  large  thaa  a  sane  one/' 

It  is  clear  that  the  criminal  law  in  extending  complete  im- 
munity to  the  idiot  and  the  insane  has  in  this  instance  wholly 
ignored  the  fact  that  the  purpose  of  all  punishment  is  to  protect 
the  public  from  other  criminal  acts  by  the  same  or  other  persons^ 
and  not  to  avenge  an  injury. 

It  is  obvious  that  the  welfare  of  the  public  demands  that 
homicidal  maniacs^  pyromaniacs^  kleptomaniacs,  and  sex  perverts 
should  not  be  permitted  to  run  at  large,  without  supervision,  and 
this  danger  points  to  the  necessity  of  doing  away  with  insanity 
as  a  complete  defense  to  a  criminal  charge.  England  has  solved 
this  problem  in  a  very  practical  but  perfectly  illogical  manner, 
for  the  defendant  acquitted  on  the  ground  of  insanity  is  com- 
mitted to  an  asylum  for  life,  nominally,  ''during  the  King^s 
pleasure,*'  so  that  they  are  called  ^*  King's  pleasure  lunatics,"  no 
matter  how  sane  they  may  be  when  committed  or  afterwards 
become.  Hence,  in  practice  in  England  insanity  is  never  inter- 
posed as  a  defense  except  in  capital  cases. 

There  is,  however,  another  and  more  important  reason  for  a 
change  in  our  system.  At  present,  the  defense  of  insanity  is  a 
trap  for  the  insane,  and  a  way  of  escape  for  the  sane. 

It  is  a  humbug,  a  pretense,  a  cloak  for  hypocrisy,  an  invitation 
to  murder  all  too  frequently  accepted  by  the  jealous  lover,  the 
discarded  mistress,  the  indignant  father  or  outraged  husband. 

The  average  jury  acquits  the  man  or  woftian  who  does  exactly 
as  the  jurors  would  have  done  under  the  same  circumstances,  and 
this  upon  the  ground  of  insanity !  On  the  other  hand  the  very 
barbarity  and  shocking  cruelty  of  the  really  insane  man  usually 
results  in  a  verdict  of  guilty. 

The  idea  of  the  so-called  "unwritten  law"  has  so  taken  hold 
of  the  imagination  of  the  people  that  we  constantly  hear  respec- 
table and  worthy  citizens  assert  that  under  certain  circumstances 
they  would  ruthlessly  and  publicly  execute  the  oflfender  against 
their  house  and  fireside.  They  have  no  vision  of  the  gallows  or 
of  the  prison  before  them,  but  expect  the  plaudits  of  their  friends 
and  a  triumphant  acquittal  upon  the  ground  of  insanity.  The 
trial  of  the  murderer  becomes  a  trial  of  the  dead  man.    His 


OXJBTIB  D.  WILBDIL  461 

yillainies  are  exaggerated  and  multiplied.  The  more  wicked  the 
defendant  believed  the  murdered  man  to  be^  and  the  more  this 
belief  departs  from  the  actual  facts,  the  more  clear  the  evidence 
of  insanity.  The  dead  man  may  have  been  led  to  his  undoing 
by  a  vampire,  but  to  the  jury  ahe  is  the  wronged  wife,  daughter 
or  sweetheart.  Thus,  blind  justice  liberates  the  murderer  and 
besmirches  the  reputation  of  the  dead.  The  prosecutor  cannot 
defend  the  dead  by  his  evidence,  because  such  evidence  would  only 
prove  more  clearly  the  insanity  of  the  defendant  by  showing  that 
the  beliefs  of  the  defendant  were  insane  delusions  I 

The  absurd  results  of  criminal  trials  where  insanity  is  a  defense 
grows  in  part  out  of  the  practical  diflBculties  in  the  trial  of  so 
intricate  and  elusive  a  question  as  insanity  before  a  jury  of  lay- 
men. These  difficulties  cannot  be  fully  discussed  within  the 
limits  of  this  paper.  The  outstanding  difficulty  is  with  the 
method  of  securing  experts  and  of  eliciting  their  testimony. 
This  difficulty  is  universally  recognized.  I  cannot  do  better  on 
this  subject  than  to  quote  from  Oppenheimer  on  "  The  Criminal 
Responsibility  of  Lunatics.'^    He  says : 

*'  I  cannot  help  feeling  that  those  writers,  legal  and  medical, 
who  attempt  to  revolutionize  the  organization  of  our  courts  for 
the  trial  of  lunatics  or  alleged  lunatics  accused  of  crime,  are 
beginning  at  the  wrong  end.  The  part  of  our  system  of  criminal 
procedure  which,  more  than  any  other,  stands  m  urgent  need  of 
reform  is  the  mode  in  which  medical  evidence  as  to  the  accused 
person's  state  of  mind  is  obtained.  Much,  indeed,  of  what 
appears  unsatisfactory  in  such  trials  is  due  to  the  inherent  diffi- 
culties of  the  subject  of  inquiry  and  to  the  limits  and  imperfec- 
tions of  mental  medicine  in  its  present  state.  But  I  make  bold 
to  assert  that  the  practice,  peculiar  to  Anglo-Saxon  jurispru- 
dence, of  allowing  experts  in  criminal  trials  to  be  instructed  by, 
and  to  be  called  on  behalf  of  the  parties,  lies  at  the  root  of  prac- 
tically all  the  avoidable  evils  of  which  such  trials  are  productive. 
The  only  qualification  required  in  this  country  of  an  alienist 
expert  is  that  he  must  be  on  the  medical  register.  Now,  it  is 
quite  possible  for  a  medical  man  to  have  passed  through  his 
curriculum  and  through  the  examinations  which  have  landed  him 
on  that  coveted  shore,  without  having  seen  a  single  case  of  mental 
disease.  And  whilst  it  has  been  held  that  a  witness  whose  knowl- 
edge of  foreign  law  is  derived  solely  from  study,  unsupplemented 
by  practice,  is  incompetent  to  give  expert  evidence  on  such 
foreign  law,  nothing  but  his  own  conscience  will  prevent  such 


462        SHOULD  THE  DBFIEN8S  OP  INSAll^ITT  BE  ABOLISHED  ? 

a  medico  from  posing  as  a  witness  skilled  in  lunacy.  That  the 
value  of  the  testimony  of  such  a  one  is  nil  goes  without  saying; 
yet  when  his  opinion  is  matched  against  that  of  an  alienist  who 
has  made  insanity  his  life  study^  the  jury  has  no  measure  by 
which  to  ascertain  the  relative  weight  to  be  attached  to  these 
two  opinions  and  can  do  little  more  than  look  puzzled  in  the  face 
of  what  is  called  conflicting  medical  evidence.  The  possibility 
that  the  expert  may  perchance  be  a  man  whose  judgment  is 
imobscured  by  any  knowledge  of  the  subject  on  which  he  is  to 
testify,  is  perhaps  the  great^t,  but  certainly  not  the  only,  fault 
inherent  in  our  system 

"  Such  being  the  defects  inseparable  from  the  English  practice, 
it  is  a  mater  of  surprise  that  it  has  not  long  since  been  given  up  in 
favor  of  the  continental  system  under  which  the  experts  are 
appointed  by  the  state  and  called  in  behalf  of  the  court.  And 
what  is  even  more  astonishing,  is  the  fact  that  a  demand  for  such 
a  reform  is  not  constantly  and  incessantly  expressed  from  the 
Bench.  Judges  indeed  are  fully  alive  to  the  unsatisfactory 
nature  of  scientific  evidence  in  this  country,  and  many  of  them 
have  not  made  the  least  secret  of  their  utter  want  of  confidence 
in  medical  testimony.  But,  as  far  as  I  know,  the  only  judicial 
voice  thus  far  raised  in  favor  of  the  adoption  of  the  continental 
plan  is  that  of  Judge  Edge  who,  in  1904,  at  Clerkenwell  Sessions, 
said :  *  I  have  no  faith  in  expert  evidence  called  by  the  parties. 
They  might  be  the  best  of  experts,  but  their  statements  are 
usually  as  wide  as  the  poles  asunder.  I  wish  the  rule  here  were 
the  same  as  in  Germany,  where  no  expert  evidence  is  allowed 
except  that  provided  by  the  Court.*  Yet  it  is  only  by  a  change 
in  this  direction  that  an  improvement  can  be  expected.  It  is 
not,  however,  enough  that  experts  should  be  instructed  ad  hoc 
by  the  court  in  each  individual  case  separately;  they  ought 
to  form  a  permanent  professional  body,  attached  to  the  courts 
in  an  ofiBcial  capacity 

"Another  very  grave  defect  in  our  system  of  procedure  are 
the  very  meagre  opportunities  which  it  aSfords  for  the  investiga- 
tion of  the  mental  condition  of  an  accused  person.  ^  The  scan- 
dal,' justly  complains  Dr.  Blandford,  ^  which  has  come  upon 
evidence  given  in  doubtful  cases  of  insanity  has  arisen  from 
medical  men  giving  their  opinions  after  an  amoimt  of  knowledge 
and  examination  which  in  no  degree  warranted  any  opinion 
at  all.' "" 

Upon  the  same  subject  Henry  H,  Boies,  above  referred  to, 
declared : 

"Scientific  Penology  at  the  beginning  of  the  twentieth  cen- 
tury, then,  demands  that  the  law  shall  enforce  an  examination  by 
an  expert  alienist,  of  every  prisoner  accused  of  crime  whose 


CURTIS  D.  WILBUB.  468 

record^  appearance^  or  offense  indicates  a  possibility  of  mental 
aberration^  or  who  pleads  insanity  in  defense;  and  that  all 
who  are  judged  from  such  examination  irresponsible  of  men- 
tally diseased^  shall  be  committed  imder  an  indeterminate  sen- 
tence to  a  special  hospital  for  the  criminal  insane. 

'^  When  a  person  shows  symptoms  of  being  sick^  or  diseased^  a 
doctor  is  called  to  decide  what  is  the  matter  with  him,  and  to 
prescribe  the  treatment.  When  mental  disease  is  made  a  defense 
against  a  charge  of  criminality  the  examination  and  evidence  of 
expert  alienists  should  be  required  by  the  state  to  decide  the 
facts,  and  make  the  proofs  with  authority  to  the  jury. 

"  The  expert  should  be  called  by  the  state;  to  act  in  an  im- 
partial, judicial  state  of  mind,  and  not  to  search  for  reasons  or 
arguments  to  sustain  the  position  of  either  the  prosecution  or 
defense.  Experience  with  expert  evidence  has  produced  the  con- 
clusion that  it  may  be  procured  to  support  or  contest  either  side 
of  almost  every  case.  It  would  seem  that  the  facts  will  be  best 
discerned  and  made  known  by  the  employment  by  the  state  of  an 
alienist  of  acknowledged  ability  and  experience,  whose  decisions 
shall  be  accepted  as  decisive  by  both  prosecution  and  defense, 
and  so  the  confusion  from  a  conflict  of  expert  testimony 
avoided ** 

In  confirmation  of  what  is  said  by  Mi;.  Oppenheimer,  it  may  be 
stated  that  in  a  capital  case  recently  before  the  Supreme  Court  of 
this  state  there  were  on  the  defendant's  side  five  expert  witnesses, 
four  of  whom  had  spent  more  than  a  score  *of  years  each  in  the 
study  of  insanity,  who  declared  the  defendant  to  be  insane,  and 
on  the  side  of  the  state  two  witnesses,  one  of  whom  could  not  tell 
the  difference  between  a  delusion  and  an  hallucination,  and  the 
other  found  no  evidence  of  insanity  whatever,  and  rather  trium- 
phantly declared  on  cross  examination  that  he  had  never  been  con- 
nected with  an  institution  for  the  care  of  the  insane,  saying,  ^  I 
have  never  been  locked  up  with  the  limatics  in  my  life.  I  never 
cared  to  be  locked  up  with  them  as  a  physician.^* 

Another  outstanding  difficulty  is  that  the  expert  testimony 
introduced  is  not  predicated  upon  the  actual  truth  concerning 
the  person  under  investigation,  but  is  based  upon  erroneous  and 
often  false  testimony. 

These  conflicts  between  experts  are  hopelessly  bewildering  to  a 
jury,  particularly  where  judges  are  forbidden  by  the  constitu- 
tion to  sum  up  the  evidence,  and  are  confined  in  their  instructions 
to  abstract  and  abstruse  statements  of  the  law. 


464        SHOULD  THB  DBFBN8B  OF  IN8ANITY  BB  AB0LI8HBD? 

Why  should  we  not  do  away  with  a  defense  which  was  intro- 
duced into  the  criminal  law  at  a  time  when  nearly  all  felonies 
were  punishable  by  immediate  death;  and  adjust  our  criminal 
defenses  to  the  newer  attitude  of  the  law  with  reference  to  crime 
and  criminals? 

We  are  learning  that  a  large  portion  of  our  so-called  criminal 
class  is  defective  mentally,  and  that  the  recidivists  are  usually 
defectives.  An  insane  man  cannot  now  be  tried,  while  insane, 
nor  if  convicted  can  he  be  imprisoned  or  executed  while  insane, 
h^  must  be  treated  as  mentally  sick  and  placed  in  a  hospital,  and 
tried  or  punished  only  when  he  has  recovered.  Even  now  an 
insane  person  who  has  been  convicted  cannot  be  sentenced  nor 
can  the  sentence  be  executed  while  he  is  insane.  It  should  be 
observed,  however,  that  the  insanity  necessary  to  avoid  a  trial 
or  after  conviction  to  avoid  punishment  is  of  different  degrees, 
and  consequently  the  use  of  the  word  insane  without  modification 
is  somewhat  confusing. 

The  responsibility  of  the  insane  for  criminal  action  has  been  a 
subject  of  discussion  for  centuries,  and  different  ages  and  differ- 
ent countries  have  reached  varying  conclusions.  Philosophers, 
criminologi&ts,  physicians,  psychiatrists,  lawyers,  judges  and 
legislators  have  discussed  the  question  so  thoroughly  that  I 
venture  upon  the  treatment  of  the  subject  only  because  recent 
developments  in  penology  have  pointed  the  way  to  practical 
reforms  which  may  be  readily  adopted.  The  Juvenile  Court 
legislation;  the  system  of  probation  and  parole  for  the  adult 
criminal,  and  the  indeterminate  sentence  by  which  a  convict's 
release  depends  upon  his  conduct  while  in  custody,  all  place  em- 
phasis upon  the  power  and  duty  of  the  state  to  deal  with  the 
offender  with  a  view  to  his  reformation.  The  system  of  proba- 
tion and  parole  has  already  been  extended  to  the  insane  with 
marked  success.  There  is  nothing  new  in  the  idea  that  reforma- 
tion of  the  offender  is  a  cardinal  reason  for  punishment  except 
the  increased  emphasis  given  to  that  idea  by  this  new  plan* 

In  the  juvenile  court  we  acquire  jurisdiction  over  the  child  who 
commits  any  offense,  however  trifling,  and  the  court  exercises  that 
jurisdiction  for  the  good  of  the^ child  and  of  society,  if  deemed 
necessary,  until  it  has  attained  the  age  of  21.    The  state  stands 


OtTBTIS  D.  WILBTJB.  466 

in  loco  pareniis  and  like  a  good  parent  gradually  relaxes  its  con* 
trol  as  the  child  gains  in  discretion  and  self-control  until  the 
parental  supervision  fades  into  complete  liberty  of  the  child. 

It  is  obyiously  dangerous  to  release  an  insane  person  who  has 
committed  one  murder,  or  rather^  who  has  innocently  killed  some 
imsuspecting  and  unoffending  bystander,  because  under  the  same 
influences  he  may  kill  another  when  the  occasion  arises.  His 
very  innocence  of  wrong  motivesl  and  inadequacy  of  provocation 
makes  him  a  greater  menace  to  society  than  the  wilful  wrongdoer. 
It  seems  clear  that  an  insane  man  who  has  killed  another  man 
should  be  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  state  during  the  balan6e 
of  his  life,  and  that  apparent  or  actual  recovery  from  his  malady 
should  not  completely  release  him  from  all  restraint  or  super- 
vision, particularly  as  at  least  30  per  cent  of  apparent  recoveries 
have  relapses. 

Various  legislative  efforts  have  been  made  to  protect  the  state 
against  the  insane  who  have  committed  or  threatened  criminal 
acts.  In  this  state  commitments  to  the  state  insane  asylum  are 
limited  to  those  insane  in  danger  of  doing  harm  to  the  property 
or  person  or  healtii  of  themselves  or  others. 

In  cases  of  acquittal  on  the  ground  of  insanity  our  statute 
provides  that  the  verdict  shall  so  state  and  that  the  court  may 
thereupon  order  another  trial  before  another  jury  upon  the 
subject  of  his  insanity.  '^  If  the  jury  find  the  defendant  insane, 
he  shall  be  committed  to  the  state  insane  asylum.  If  the  jury 
find  the  defendant  sane  he  shall  be  discharged.''  However,  if 
the  judge  entertains  a  doubt  as  to  the  defendant's  sanity,  the 
defendant  should  not  be  tried  at  all  until  he  has  been  declared 
sane  by  a  jury  selected  for  the  purpose  of  that  inquiry  and  there- 
fore it  is  hardly  to  be  expected  that  the  judge  will  immediately 
after  the  trial  call  in  another  jury  to  try  the  defendant '  for 
insanity  after  he  has  been  acquitted,  and  as  a  matter  of  fact  it  is 
rarely  done.  In  New  York,  however,  the  verdict  of  acquittal  on 
the  ground  of  insanity  results  ipso  facto  in  a  commitment  to  an 
insane  asylum,  as  in  the  Thaw  case.  In  discussing  that  matter 
the  Supreme  Court  of  New  York  said :  *'  Such  a  commitment  is 
not  for  the  punishment  of  such  a  defendant,  for  there  can  be  no 
punishment  for  him  who  has  been  acquitted,  but  it  is  for  the 
protection  of  the  public,  made  in  the  exercise  of  the  police  power 


466        SHOULD  THE  DEFENSE  OF  INSANITY  BE  ABOLISHED? 

of  the.fitate,  which  permits  the  restraint  of  an  insane  person  who 
at  large  would  be  a  danger  to  the  peace  and  safety  of  the  people. 
The  commitment  can  last  only  so  long  as  the  defendant  is  insane, 
and  he  has  the  right  at  any  time  under  the  law  to  have  his  sanity 
determined  upon  habeas  corpus/'  (People  ex  rel  Peabody  vs. 
Chanler,  133  App.  Div,  (N.  Y.)  169.) 

It  is  the  law  then  that  a  person  in  order  to  be  tried  for  crime 
must  be  sane  at  the  time  of  the  trial,  and  in  order  to  be  acquitted 
of  the  crime  must  have  been  insane  at  the  time  he  committed  the 
criminal  act,  and  in  order  to  be  restrained  of  his  liberty  in  this 
state,  must  again  become  insane  so  soon  after  the  trial  that  the 
judge  will  order  his  detention  and  trial  for  insanity  before  a 
jury  selected  for  that  purpose.  Let  it  be  noted,  however,  that 
we  are  not  pausing  to  define  the  different  degrees  of  insanity 
involved  in  this  statement. 

There  is  no  inherent  injustice  in  a  system  by  which  the  state 
may  assume  jurisdiction  over  a  person  who  has  committed  crime, 
and  limit  the  liberty  of  that  individual  to  whatever  extent  may 
be  necessary  to  protect  the  public.  This  is  done  in  the  case  of  a 
sane  defendant  and  is  even  more  necessary  in  the  case  of  an 
insane  defendant. 

There  is,  therefore,  no  inherent  reason  why  insanity  should  be 
allowed  as  a  defense  save  the  unwillingness  to  punish  the  person 
who  does  not  know  and  cannot  understand  that  the  act  committed 
is  wrong.  Certainly  it  is  not  desirable  to  promise  or  to  grant 
pardon  in  advance  to  any  person  sane  or  insane.  If  it  is  right  to 
confine  a  well  man  for  the  protection  of  the  public  it  certainly  is 
permissible  to  confine  a  mentally  sick  man  where  he  will  receive 
such  treatment  as  may  restore  him  to  mental  health.  This  much 
is  conceded  and  the  law  recognizes. 

Assuming  then  that  the  so-called  criminal  insane,  should  at 
least  be  confined,  or  under  supervision  during  such  insanity,  the 
question  is  as  to  whether  or  not  apparent  or  real  recovery  should 
ipso  facto  operate  as  a  complete  and  final  discharge  regardless  of 
tile  dangers  of  relapse  or  the  uncertainties  of  diagnosis.  It  may 
be  conceded  as  a  matter  of  abstract  justice  that  liberty  should 
follow  recovery.  The  practical  difBculty  is  in  determining 
whether  or  not  there  has  been  a  cure  and  the  certainty  that  if 
there  has  been  a  cure  there  may  be  a  relapse  fatal  to  the  life  or 


CTBTIS  D.   WILBUR.  467 

property  of  eome  one  else.  The  system  of  trial  of  insanity  either 
for  commitment  to  or  release  from  an  asylum  by  a  jury  is  almost 
certain  to  Tesnlt  in  error.  And,  as  has  been  said,  the  chance  of 
error  is  greatly  increased  where  judges  are  confined  to  a  state- 
ment of  abstract  propositions  of  law  in  instructing  juries. 

After  an  exhaustive  examination  of  evidence  in  the  Thaw  case 
Judge  Mills  in  1909  declared  that  in  his  opinion  Thaw  was  suflFer- 
ing  from  an  incurable  form  of  insanity  (People  t;^.  Lamb,  118 
N.  Y.  S.  389),  and  yet  in  1915  Thaw  was  released  from  custody 
after  numerous  previous  attempts  to  secure  his  release. 

My  proposal  then  is  this :  That  insanity  be  no  longer  treated 
as  a  defense  to  a  criminal  charge,  and  that  evidence  on  that 
subject  be  excluded  from  the  jury  trying  a  criminal  case;  that 
after  conviction  the  defendant  upon  suggestion  of  insanity  be 
examined  by  a  board  of  alienists  with  a  view  to  determining 
whether  the  defendant  should  be  committed  to  the  state  hospital, 
or  prison,  or  be  released  under  probationary  supervision  to  private 
hospital  or  to  other  custody ;  that  the  judge  be  empowered  to  make 
such  supervisory  orders  from  time  to  time  upon  the  advice  of 
competent  alienists  as  may  be  necessary  and  that  the  state  retain 
jurisdiction  over  the  defendant  even  after  an  apparently  complete 
cure  for  at  least  as  long  as  the  maximum  term  of  imprisonment 
for  the  ofFense,  resuming  custody  of  the  defendant  during  that 
period  whenever  symptoms  of  a  relapse  make  further  custody 
desirable  for  the  protection  of  the  public.  If  this  seems  chimeri- 
cal it  should  be  remembered  that  it  is  more  lenient  to  the  defen- 
dant than  the  present  English  system  and  that  we  are  drifting 
more  and  more  towards  probation  and  parole  of  the  criminal 
class,  with  a  right  to  resume  actual  custody  of  the  offender  under 
sentence  already  imposed  without  further  trial  for  new  crimes, 
and  that  eventually  all  habitual  criminals  will  be  under  control  of 
probation  or  parole  ofiScors  and  that  the  expense  of  our  admini- 
stration of  justice  will  gradually  shift  from  the  police  and  sheriff's 
departments  to  the  probation  and  parole  departments  where,  no 
doubt,  most  of  our  peace  officers  will  ultimately  find  employment. 
When  all  the  criminal  class  are  under  supervision  the  officers  of 
the  state  will  be  largely  employed  in  watching  them  instead  of 
watching  houses  and  stores  to  prevent  crime. 


468        SHOULD  THE  DBFBNSB  OF  INSANITY  BB  ABOLISHED  ? 

What  shall  be  done  with  the  iii6ane  in  capital  cases?  I  think 
that  all  would  agree  that  a  man  who  is  really  insane  ought  not  to 
be  executed.  The  law  so  declares  now,  but  the  degree  of  mental 
aberration  which  will  prevent  execution  is  not  very  clearly  defined. 
It  has  recently  been  reported  that  a  man  was  executed  who  had 
been  apparency  unconscious  for  weeks.  No  doubt  it  was  believed 
he  was  shamming.  A  condemned  man  cannot  escape  the  gallows 
on  the  ground  of  insanity  unless  he  is  incapable  of  understanding 
that  he  is  being  executed  for  wrong  doing.  The  danger  of  sham- 
ming insanity  under  such  circumstances  is  so  great  that  he  is 
likely  to  be  executed  anyway.  The  test  is  too  severe.  The 
present  drift  of  things  is  away  from  capital  punishment  and 
certainly  if  capital  punishment  is  to  be  abolished  at  all  it  should 
first  be  abolished  with  reference  to  those  who  are  insane. 

When  impartial  and  skilled  alienists  express  a  doubt  as  to 
whether  or  not  the  diseased  mind  of  the  defendant  was  a  factor  in 
the  defendants  crime,  he  should  not  be  executed ;  but  the  fact  is 
that  the  men  we  are  hanging  today  are  mainly  of  this  type,  at 
least  such  is  my  conclusion  for  a  consideration  of  our  appeals  in 
capital  cases. 

In  this  state  a  doubt  as  to  sanity  is  resolved  against  a  defendant. 
In  England  as  I  understand  the  decisions  the  defendant  must 
establish  his  insanity  beyond  a  reasonable  doubt  or  to  the  satis- 
faction of  a  jury  and  in  some  of  the  states  a  reasonable  doubt  as 
to  sanity  is  sufficient  to  require  an  acquittal.  I  would  prefer  and 
provide  that  the  man  sentenced  to  be  executed  be  given  the 
benefit  of  every  reasonable  doubt  entertained  by  a  board  of  expert 
alienists  as  to  his  sanity  and  that  his  proper  custody  be  determined 
by  the  judge  sitting  with  such  board  as  in  cases  of  commitments 
for  insanity.  If  it  appear^  that  the  defendant  was  insane,  even 
though  there  was  little  doubt  that  the  insanity  was  not  connected 
witili  the  crime,  I  should  nevertheless  advocate  a  commutation  of 
sentence.  If  we  are  to  continue  capital  punishment,  plenty  of 
sane  men  will  need  to  be  hanged  before  we  begin  to  hang  the 
insane. 

We  should  base  our  system  of  jurisdiction  upon  the  truth,  and 
execute  it  with  justice,  and  a  plan  that  puts  a  premium  upon 
perjury  and  ignorance  should  be  abolished.  If  we  are  to  recog- 
nize the  so-called  *'  unwritten  law  ^  let  it  be  done  by  pardon  or 


OUBnS  D.   WUiBUB.  469 

by  ptecing  of  such  murderers  upon  probation  as  the  conununitj 
approves  of  and  not  by  befuddling  a  jury  by  paid  legal  and  medi- 
cal experts  employed  for  that  purpose  or  by  a  hypocritical 
pretense  of  insanity. 

I  have  not  so  far  dealt  with  the  form  of  legislation  necessary  to 
abolish  the  defense  of  insanity  and  to  defer  the  proposed  inquiry 
into  the  subject  of  insanity  until  after  conviction.  Something 
should  be  said  on  that  subject. 

In  1909  the  legislature  of  the  State  of  Washington  passed  a 
statute  abolishing  insanity  as  a  defense.  The  statute  (Sec.  2259 
S.  &  B.  Code  Laws  1909,  p.  891  Sub.  7)  provided  that  it  was  no 
defense  to  a  person  charged  with  crime  that  at  the  time  of  its 
commission  he  was  unable  by  reason  of  his  insanity,  idiocy  or 
imbecility  to  comprehend  the  nature  and  quality  of  the  act  com- 
mitted, or  to  understand  that  it  was  wrong.  The  act  also  pro- 
vided in  case  of  insanity,  for  the  commitment,  after  conviction 
of  crime,  to  an  asylum  without  a  formal  trial  as  to  his  insanity. 
It  was  held  for  reasons  variously  stated  by  the  different  justices 
that  this  legislation  was  violative  of  the  constitutional  guarantee 
of  due  process  of  law  and  of  the  right  to  a  trial  by  jury.  The 
Chief  Justice  reasoned  in  part  as  follows:  '^  If  he  was  insane  at 
the  time  to  the  extent  that  he  could  not  comprehend  the  nature 
and  quality  of  his  act — ^in  other  words,  if  he  had  no  will  to  control 
the  physical  act  of  his  physical  body-^how  can  it  in  truth  be  said 
that  the  act  was  his  act?^^  The  court  was  divided  in  its  con- 
clusion as  to  the  legislative  power  and  the  decision  probably  goes 
no  further  than  to  hold  that  a  defendant  in  a  criminal  case  must 
be  permitted  to  show  that  he  wps  mentally  incapable  of  entertain- 
ing an  intent  to  kill  or  to  commit  the  crime  charged,  that  is,  that 
it  was  not  his  act. 

In  1899  the  legislature  of  North  Carolina  provided  for  the  com- 
mitment to  asylums  of  persons  acquitted  of  criminal  charges  on 
the  ground  of  insanity  and  in  cases  of  capital  crimes  provided 
that  they  were  to  be  detained  imtil  discharged  by  an  act  of  the 
legislature.  This  system  although  substantially  that  now  in 
vogue  in  England  was  held  to  be  unconstitutional  (In  re  Boyett, 
136  N.  C.  415).  A  similar  act  by  the  legislature  of  Michigan 
passed  in  1873,  which  required  the  defendant's  detention  until 
discharged  by  the  governor  upon  a  certificate  from  the  medical 


470        SHOULD  THE  DSPBKSB  OF  IN8ANITY  BB  ABOLISHBD? 

inspector  and  judge  that  the  prisoner  was  no  longer  insan/fe,  was 
held  unconstitutional  (Underwood  i;^.  People,  32  Mich.  1)  on  the 
ground  that  it  denied  the  accused  due  process  of  law. 

If  these  decisions  hold  that  because  of  the  due  process  clause 
and  the  jury  clause  of  the  constitution  an  insane  murderer  cannot 
be  detained  in  custody  without  a  jury  trial  as  to  his  sanity,  either 
before  or  after  his  trial  upon  the  criminal  charge,  they  seem  to 
depart  from  the  common  law.  Alexander  Wood  Benton,  Puisne 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Ceylon,  and  Editor  of  the  Ency- 
clopedia of  the  Laws  of  England,  in  his  article  on  Insanity  in  the 
Encyclopedia  Brittanica  states  that,  ''There  was  no  doubt  at 
common  law  as  to  the  power  of  the  courts  to  order  the  detention 
of  lunatics  in  safe  custody,  but  prior  to  1800  the  practice  was 
varying  and  uncertain.'' 

In  Hale's  Pleas  of  the  Crown  (1680),  Vol.  I,  p.  35,  it  is  said: 
''  If  a  person  of  non  sane  memory  commit  homicide  during  his 
insanity,  and  continue  so  till  the  time  of  his  arraignment,  such 

person  shall  neither  be  arraigned  nor  tried,  but  remitted  to  gaol, 
there  to  remain  in  expectation  of  the  King's  grace  to  pardon  him. 
(26  Ass.  27.  3  E.  3.  Corone  351.)  But  it  seems  in  such  a  case 
it  is  prudence  to  swear  an  inquest  ex-offieu>,  to  inquire  touching 
his  madness,  whether  it  was  feigned " 

Assuming  then  that  madmen  have  a  vested  constitutional  right 
to  ravish,  kill  and  murder  with  complete  immunity,  and  that  the 
legislature  cannot  take  away  such  right  without  violating  the 
constitution,  it  is  clear  that  the  legislatute  may  define  the  char- 
acter of  insanity  which  shall  constitute  a  defense  and  there  can  be 
no  difficulty  if  such  defense  is  limited  to  cases  where  the  defen- 
dant is  incapable  of  forming  the  intent  to  do  the  act,  for  instance, 
to  bum  or  to  kill ;  or  to  such  cases  as  were  covered  by  the  definition 
of  insanity  given  by  Justice  Tracy  in  1723,  when  he  instructed  the 
jury  that  a  prisoner  in  order  to  be  acquitted  on  the  ground  of 
insanity  must  be  a  man  that  is  totally  deprived  of  his  understand- 
ing and  memory,  and  doth  not  know  what  he  is  doing,  no  more 
than  an  infant,  than  a  brute  or  wild  beast. 

If  the  statute  also  requires  the  defense  of  such  insanity  to  be 
established  beyond  a  reasonable  doubt  or  to  the  satisfaction  of  the 
jury  as  at  common  law  in  order  to  be  a  complete  defense,  the 
constitutional  difficulties  in  the  way  of  a  more  intelligent  control 


OTJSTIS  D.  WILBUB.  471 

of  those  actually  infiane,  and  the  constitutional  difficulties  in  the 
way  of  a  reform  in  this  much-abused  defense  are  almost  wholly 
overcome^  and  the  broad  field  of  insanity  of  less  degree  or  of 
less  certainty  left  to  be  administered  according  to  expert  advice, 
after  conviction  of  crime^  and  without  tiie  necessity  of  a  further 
trial  or  hearing  except  such  as  may  be  best  adopted  to  the  deter- 
mination of  the  custody  of  the  prisoner  for  the  purposes  of  a  cure 
and  for  the  protection  of  the  public. 

It  is  high  time  for  a  change.  Murder  is  becoming  common- 
place. Lawyers  and  judges  in  criminal  courts  should  study  crimi- 
nals as  well  as  criminal  law  and  should  exercise  an  intelligent 
discretion  and  a  defined  policy  in  applying  the  new  methods  of 
dealing  with  the  criminal  and  insane.  There  is  only  one  way  to 
control  the  wilfully  wicked  felon  and  that  is  by  life  supervision, 
subject  to  pardon  or  dismissal  when  genuine  reformation  is 
satisfactorily  demonstrated,  and  the  same  rule  holds  as  to  the 
criminally  irresponsible  insane. 


THE  JUDICIAL  SECTION  AND  ITS  FIELD  OP 

OPPOBTUNITY. 

BT 

HON.  N.  P.  CONREY. 

OF  LOB  ANGBUBS,  GAL. 

At  the  1921  meeting  of  the  California  Bar  Association,  a  judi- 
cial section  was  established.  A  preliminary  meeting  was  held  by 
the  judges  then  present.  By  some  inadvertence,  I  was  made 
Chairman  of  the  section.  The  Chairman  was  authorized  to  ap- 
point an  executive  committee  for  the  year.  At  a  recent  meeting 
that  committee  adopted  certain  suggestions  then  made  of  topics  to 
be  discussed  at  the  meeting  of  the  section,  the  meeting  which  was 
held  yesterday.  Those  topics  were  of  three  classes.  Some  related 
to  the  elections  and  salaries  of  judges,  some  to  criminal  law,  and 
others  to  the  power  of  courts  and  judges  over  their  procedure. 

We  did  not  have  before  us  any  data  by  which  we  were  informed 
of  the  work  of  the  judicial  sections  of  other  state  bar  associations, 
or  that  of  the  American  Bar  Association.  The  selections  came  to 
the  front  naturally,  or  by  a  sort  of  process  of  spontaneous  combus- 
tion. For  there  is  no  doubt  that  in  our  experiences  as  judges  at 
various  times  our  hearts  have  burned  within  us  because  of  the 
failures  of  justice  in  relation  to  all  of  these  matters. 

The  laws  of  California  prescribing  the  methods  of  election  of 
judges,  their  terms  of  office,  and  their  compensation,  are  better 
than  those  of  some  states,  and  very  much  worse  than  those  of  a 
few  others.  In  the  average  we  may  take  them  as  typical  of  a 
considerable  number  of  states.  All  of  the  judges  are  elected  for 
limited  terms.  In  the  superior  courts,  which  are  the  courts  of 
the  counties,  the  term  is  six  years,  with  varying  salaries,  the 
maximum  allowance  being  $7000.  In  the  courts  of  appeal  and 
the  supreme  court,  the  terms  of  office  are  twelve  years,  the  salaries 
being  respectively  $7000  for  a  justice  of  the  district  court  of 
appeal,  and  $8000  for  a  justice  of  the  supreme  court.  Nomina- 
tions are  made  by  a  primary  election.    The  result  of  the  system  is 

(472) 


K.  F.  OOKBBT.  478 

that  in  moat  instances  the  election  is  determined  as  the  iresnlt 
of  two  immediately  successive  campaigns.  The  disturbance  of 
mind  and  consequent  impairment  of  capacity  for  service  of  an 
incumbent  judge  exists  in  an  acute  form  during  practically  all 
of  the  last  six  months  of  his  official  term.  Whether  elected  or  not» 
a  very  substantial  percentage  of  his  salary  for  that  year  has  been 
dissipated  for  purposes  which  gave  no  comfort  to  his  family.  The 
salaries  never  have  been  excessive  compensation  for  men  of  the 
character  and  ability  who  ought  to  be  selected  for  such  offices, 
or  who  ought  to  be  willing  to  occupy  them.  And  when  you  realize 
that  even  today^  after  a  considerable  decline  in  the  cost  of  living, 
living  costs  in  general  in  the  United  States  in  June,  1922,  were 
66  per  cent  higher  than  in  December,  1913,  you  begin  to  under- 
stand what  patriots  we  all  are. 

Now,  there  are  two  ways  of  looking  at  these  matters,  just  as 
they  tell  us  in  court  that  there  are  at  least  two  sides  to  every 
question.  There  is  the  narrow  and  personal  view,  and  there  is 
the  broad  and  public  view.  They  cannot  be  considered  apart  from 
each  other.  They  flow  tiirough  the  same  body  like  the  blood 
through  veins  and  arteries,  which  are  similar  in  structure,  yet 
different  in  their  function.  On  the  one  hand,  the  individual 
interest  of  a  judge  in  the  tenure  and  salary  of  his  office  is  like 
the  personal  interest  of  any  man  in  the  service  that  he  is  employed 
to  perform.  He  is  free  to  take  it  or  leave  it  on  the  conditions 
dictated  by  his  employer.  If  he  is  too  independent  and  high- 
priced  for  the  job,  there  are  plenty  of  others  who  will  take  it; 
and  if  the  employer  is  in  love  with  a  system  which  tends  to  give 
him  cheaper  and  more  dependent  service,  it  is  his  sovereign 
right  to  run  his  business  that  way. 

But  courts  of  justice,  like  saw-mills  and  farms  and  department 
stores,  have  a  nature  of  their  own  arising  out  of  the  social  needs 
for  which  they  were  created.  The  people  of  a  state  own  their 
courts.  If  they  are  wise,  they  will  establish  those  courts  according 
to  sound  principles  adapted  to  the  accomplishment  of  the  pur- 
poses for  which  those  courts  exist.  It  is  a  truism  and  a  trite  say- 
ing that  the  purpose  of  their  existence  is  that  of  administering 
justice  by  the  determination  and  enforcement  of  law.  If  the  peo- 
ple who  come  before  courts  are  to  get  justice  in  that  high  degree 


474       JUDICIAL  SECTION  AJUD  ITS  FI£U>  OF  OPPOliTUNITY. 

to  which  they  are  entitled,  they  muBt  receive  it  through  the  medi- 
um of  judges  who  understand  the  principles  of  government  and 
the  rules  of  law.  But  thi^  is  not  just  a  matter  of  learning  out  of 
books.  There  must  be  em  habitual  breadth  of  view  which  com- 
prehends the  equities  of  human  relations,  and  a  vigor  of  mind 
equal  to  the  task  of  removing  obstacles  which  lie  in  the  path  of 
justice.  And  this  is  not  all.  The  motives  and  influences  which 
tend  to  make  men  impartial  and  fair  ought  to  be  strengthened 
to  the  last  degree  by  the  environment  provided  for  the  officers  of 
jiutice  while  they  are  supposed  to  be  devoting  their  lives  to  their 
great  calling.  In  the  Massachusetts  Declaration  of  Bights  we 
find  this :  "  It  is  essential  to  the  preservation  of  the  rights  of 
every  individual,  his  life,  liberty,  property  and  character,  that 
there  be  an  impartial  interpretation  of  the  laws  and  administra- 
tion of  justice.  It  is  the  right  of  every  citizen  to  be  tried  by 
judges  as  free,  impartial  and  independent  as  the  lot  of  humanity 
will  admit.  It  is,  therefore,  not  only  the  best  policy,  but  for  the 
security  of  the  rights  of  the  people,  and  of  every  citizen,  that  the 
judges  of  the  supreme  judicial  court  should  hold  their  offices  as 
long  as  they  behave  themselves  well ;  and  that  they  should  have 
honorable  salaries  ascertained  and  established  by  standing  laws." 
Compare  that  very  perfect  statement  of  principles  with  the  actual 
conditions  which  I  have  described  as  now  existing,  and  determine 
for  yourselves  how  far  our  laws  and  practices  are  less  than  equal 
to  those  which  ought  to  be  established  by  a  just  and  enlightened 
people.  Nevertheless,  out  of  delicate  consideration  for  the  sus- 
ceptibilities of  the  voters,  the  judges  present  at  our  meeting 
yesterday  determined  that  they  should  not  venture  to  suggest  or 
initiate  any  proposal  to  change  the  methods  of  election,  terms 
of  office,  or  compensation  of  judges  in  California.  Since  we  who 
most  keenly  perceive  the  truth  do  not  find  it  expedient  to  speak 
out,  it  seems  that  only  God  and  the  future  can  reveal  to  the 
people,  in  some  way  not  yet  apparent,  the  evils  which  now  exist 
in  a  most  vital  part  of  government. 

I  have  said  that  our  judicial  section  in  California  has  also  taken 
up  for  consideration  some  of  the  defects  in  the  administration  of 
criminal  law.  For  many  years  it  has  been  established  law  in 
California  that  in  a  civil  action  tried  before  a  jury,  the  agreement 
of  three-fourths  of  the  jurors  is  sufficient  to  authorize  a  verdict. 


N.  P.  OONBBT.  476 

Many  of  us  believe  that  this  rule  ahould  be  extended  to  criminal 
cases.  Long  experience  has  shown  us  that  our  rule  works  well 
in  civil  actions.  The  complaints  of  which  we  hear  are  that  mis- 
trials too  easily  occur  in  criminal  cases^ — ^not  that  juries  too 
easily  agree  to  verdicts  in  civil  actions.  I  am  inclined  to  the 
belief  that  two  of  the  important  changes  necessary  in  order  to 
rescue  from  disrepute  the  administration  of  law  in  criminal  cases 
are:  First,  that  the  three-fourths  rule  for  verdicts  of  jurors  be 
extended  to  criminal  cases;  and  second,  that  the  common  prac- 
tices of  publicity  concerning  crimes  and  persons  accused  of  crime 
should  in  some  way  be  so  reformed  that  it  would  be  possible  lo  get 
jurors  of  at  least  average  intelligence  whose  minds  were  not 
first  poisoned  by  innumerable  varieties  of  propaganda  for  or 
against  the  accused  who  is  to  be  tried  in  the  court. 

Connected  with  the  subjecl  of  trial  by  jury  in  criminal  cases, 
but  extending  also  to  civil  actions,  there  is  another,  arbitrarily 
created,  source  of  confusion  which  creates  difficulties  which 
should  not  exist  in  the  obtaining  of  just  verdicts  from  juries. 
Section  19  of  Article  VI  of  the  Constitution  of  California  pro- 
vides that  ^^  judges  shall  not  charge  juries  with  respect  to  matters 
of  fact,  but  may  state  the  testimony  and  declare  the  law.''  That 
is  a  very  striking  sentence.  It  strikes  the  eye  of  a  trial  judge 
every  time  he  has  to  instruct  a  jury.  By  forbidding  him  to  com- 
ment upon  matters  of  fact,  it  often  strikes  truth  from  his  tongue 
and  courage  from  his  heart.  On  the  other  side,  it  encourages 
shameless  impudence  in  the  minds  of  guilty  men. 

Another  great  subject  for  the  consideration  of  judicial  sections 
and  of  bar  associations  in  general  is  that  of  the  proper  regulation 
of  procedure  in  both  civil  and  criminal  cases.  I  need  only  men- 
tion the  matter  now  without  particular  illustration.  There  is  a 
moving  tide  of  change  whose  force  we  are  beginning  to  feel. 
Results  will  be  seen — at  least  I  hope  that  soon  they  will  be  seen — 
in  the  surrender  by  legislatures  of  the  authority  which  they  have 
usurped  in  the  regulation  of  the  minute  details  of  practice  of 
courts,  and  in  the  resumption  of  the  ancient  and  honorable  power 
whereby  courts  may  profit  by  their  own  experiences  and  may  regu- 
late practice  by  rules  adapted  to  the  efficient  administration  of 
the  business  of  the  courts. 


476       JUDICIAL  8B0TI0N  AlO)  ITS  nOUD  OF  0PP0STUKIT7. 

My  attention  has  been  drawn  to  one  more  topic,  which  comes 
within  the  scope  of  the  duties  of  judges  as  established  by  the 
naturalization  laws  of  the  United  States. 

A  careless  attitude  of  mind  on  the  part  of  native-bom  Ameri- 
cans toward  naturalization  of  foreigners  and  toward  the  prepara- 
tion of  foreigners  for  citizenship  means  nothing  less  than  that  we 
ourselves  under-value  the  privileges  to  which  we  were  born. 
Judges  to  whom  is  delegated  the  power  of  granting  and  of  deny- 
ing applications  for  naturalization  should  not  be  satisfied  with 
proof  of  the  genuineness  of  the  applicant's  proceedings  and  his 
correct  answers  to  one  or  two  perfunctory  questions  about  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States  and  the  fact  that  the  people 
are  supposed  to  elect  the  officers  of  government.  In  some  of 
the  public  schools  at  this  time  courses  of  educational  study  are 
conducted  for  the  purpose  of  familiarizing  aliens  with  our  form 
of  government  and  with  the  history  of  this  country.  The  fact 
that  an  applicant  has  successfully  pursued  such  a  course  of  study 
may  well  be  accepted  by  courts  of  naturalization  as  evidence  of  the 
intelligent  preparation  of  the  applicant  for  the  duties  of  citizen- 
ship. The  investigations  made  by  the  officers  of  the  United 
States  Government  and  reported  to  the  court  are  of  much  use 
where  the  examiner  for  the  government  is  known  to  be  thorough 
in  his  work.  But  the  responsibility  of  the  judge  cannot  entirely 
be  shifted*  It  is  his  duty  to  satisfy  himself  by  direct  and  anxious 
inquiry  that  in  granting  certificates  of  naturalization  he  is  not 
adding  to  the  mass  of  ignorant  voters  and  reducing  the  average 
standard  of  intelligence  in  the  voting  population.  If  there  is  one 
time  when  more  than  at  other  times  the  proceedings  of  a  court 
should  be  conducted  with  serious  formality  calculated  to  increase 
respect  for  our  institutions,  that  time  is  when  a  company  of 
foreign-bom  people  are  present  in  court  to  witness  proceedings 
for  the  admission  of  applicants  to  the  rights  of  citizenship.  It  is 
fortunate  that  the  people  of  this  country,  even  this  late  in  the  day, 
are  taking  a  more  active  interest  in  the  subject  of  higher  quali- 
fications of  citizenship.  Becently  in  California  the  subject  has 
been  discussed  with  very  great  interest  by  such  organizations  as 
the  Native  Daughters  of  the  Golden  West,  Sons  of  the  American 
Bevolution,  The  American  Legion,  and  the  California  Federation 
of  Women's  Clubs.    And  it  is  not  without  its  peculiar  significance 


N.  P.   OOKBBT.  477 

that  the  International  Convention  of  Chiefs  of  Police  has  passed 
a  resolution  asking  that  the  American  Bar  Association  consider 
this  same  question. 

The  naturalization  laws  of  the  United  States  provide  that  an 
applicant  for  citizenship  must  satisfy  the  court  that  he  is  attached 
to  the  principles  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  and  is 
well  disposed  to  the  good  order  and  happiness  of  the  same.  He 
must  be  able  to  speak  the  English  language  and  be  able  to  write 
his  name.  All  of  this  can  be  proved  by  answering  '*  yes  **  to  four 
leading  questions,  if  a  court  is  satisfied  to  make  a  formal  record 
without  caring  to  consider  the  results  of  its  action.  Bpt  if  we 
want  to  know  that  a  man  is  Itttached  to  the  principles  of  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States  and  that  he  is  weU  disposed 
to  the  good  order  and  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  and 
the  happiness  of  its  people,  we  must  ascertain  that  the  applicant 
has  such  knowledge  of  the  history  and  principles  of  our  govern- 
ment that  it  is  possible  for  him  to  have  formed  an  intelligent 
appreciation  of  the  principles  to  which  he  professes  to  be  attached, 
and  that  he  knows  the  difference  between  good  order  and  anarchy 
in  their  relation  to  the  happiness  of  a  people.  A  representative 
of  the  United  States  Government  in  the  department  most  closely 
interested  in  this  subject  informs  me  that  some  of  the  judges  in 
various  localities  where  their  work  has  been  observed  are  careful 
in  their  work  and  demand  a  high  standard  of  educational  quali- 
fication on  the  part  of  applicants  in  naturalization  proceedings. 
But  it  is  regretfully  added  that  the  standard  required  by  many 
judges  remains  very  low.  N"o  more  need  be  said  to  convince  us 
that  we  have  here  a  very  interesting  and  important  subject  for 
the  consideration  of  judicial  sections  in  bar  associations. 

As  lawyers  charged  with  the  performance  of  judicial  duties, 
our  presence  here  may  be  temporary,  but  the  judiciary  as  a  body 
of  men  set  apart  to  conduct  the  business  of  courts  must  continue 
while  laws  and  government  endure.  Not  only  does  our  oath  bind 
us  to  support  the  Constitution  of  the  Government  of  the  United 
States  and  of  the  particular  state  which  we  may  be  serving.  We 
are  dedicated  to  the  cause  of  justice  as  a  living  principle  of 
which  these  constitutions  are  the  highest  expression  yet  attained 
by  human  society.    Conservatively  we  stand  for  the  preservation 


478       JUDICIAL  8B0TI0K  AM)  ITS  FIELD  OF  OPPOBTUNITT. 

of  constitutional  govenmient  because  we  know  that  the  wanton 
destruction  of  wisely  established  laws  and  customs  would  be  a 
spendthrift  dissipation  of  the  best  inheritance  ever  left  to  any 
generation  of  men.  But  this  does  not  mean  that  government  and 
law  must  remain  forever  stationary  in  a  world  of  progress.  Some- 
times men  are  inspired  to  state  a  great  truth  in  a  single  sentence. 
This  was  so  with  Walter  H.  Page,  formerly  Ambassador  of  the 
United  States  to  Great  Britain,  when  he  said :  ^'  I  believe  in  the 
perpetual  regeneration  of  society,  in  the  immortality  of  democ- 
racy, and  in  growth  everlasting.^'  Many  writers  tell  us  that  we 
are  living  within  a  period  of  time  that  lies  between  an  old  order 
of  things  and  a  new  condition  that  is  to  take  its  place.  Believing 
this  to  be  true,  they  are  subjecting  to  question  and  to  challenge 
some  of  our  fundamental  rights  and  institutions.  It  cannot  be 
denied  that  in  some  respects  important  modifications  of  the  rights 
and  duties  of  men  as  expressed  in  laws  and  customs  will  occur. 
Society  will  create  for  itself  new  forms  of  expression  and  some- 
times new  instrumentalities  of  action.  These  are  signs  of  vitality 
in  the  soul  of  the  race.  But  it  does  not  follow  that  all  things 
must  be  made  new.  In  so  far  as  the  institutions  which  constitute 
our  political,  our  economic  and  social  organizations  are  happily 
adapted, to  the  real  ends  of  justice,  they  will  stand  the  tests  and 
strains  of  new  times.  But  it  is  for  us,  the  representatives  of 
established  government,  to  hold  the  Ship  of  State  on  her  course 
so  that  children  may  continue  to  be  happy  and  populations  be 
nourished  while  the  forces  of  change  move  on  without  noise  or 
useless  destruction.  The  one  question  really  vital  is,  how  can 
human  beings  learn  to  live  in  relations  of  peace  and  good  will. 
That  they  will  do  only  to  the  extent  that  all  seek  fairness  and 
justice  in  their  use  of  the  rights  and  powers  which  mysteriously 
reside  somewhere  within  the  circle  of  life.  Every  genuine  move- 
ment for  reform  signifies  a  Kvine  Power  in  the  nature  of  man 
which  wills  that  good  and  not  evil  shall  prevail.  The  mountains 
glow  with  light,  their  veils  of  cloud  break  into  revelations  of 
beauty,  and  the  earth  is  fruitful.  Why  should  human  tyranny 
prevail  over  it  and  cover  the  earth  with  destructive  fury? 

It  may  seem  to  you  that  T  am  traveling  far  from  the  judicial 
section  and  its  field  of  opportunity.  That  has  not  been  my  inten- 
tion.   Technically  and  narrowly  speaking,  our  days  are  filled 


N.  P.   OONBEY.  479 

with  many  very  dull  and  prosy  duties.  It  is  so  with  the  school 
boy  at  the  blackboard.  If  he  sees  nothing  more  than  his  par- 
ticular task,  he  is  not  likely  to  be  much  of  a  mathematician; 
but  if  at  the  same  time  his  imagination  sees  the  stars,  there  is 
a  chance  that  he  may  become  an  astronomer.  So  if  we  can  put 
our  hearts  into  our  work,  and  keep  aware  of  the  heavens  wherein 
justice  resides,  we  shall  be  much  less  likely  to  fail  in  meeting  the 
responsibilities  which  belong  to  the  judicial  office. 


Id 


LIST  OF  JUDGES  REGISTERED 

AT 

ANNUAL  MEETING  OF  JUDICIAL  SECTION 

HELD 
TUESDAY,  AUGUST  9,  1922. 


Allread,  James  I.,  Gourt  of  Appeals,  Ohio. 

Ailshire,  James  F.,  Supreme  Oourt,  Idaha 

Anderson,  George  W.,  Circuit  Court,  Mass- 
aclnisetts. 

Anderson,  W.  D.,  Supreme  Court,  Minis- 
sippl. 

Averlll,  Mark  R.,  District  Judge,  Nevada. 

Aveiy,  0.  L.,  Superior  Court,  Conn^icut 

Bledsoe,  Benjamin  P.,  District  Court,  Cali- 
fornia. 

Bridges,  J.  B.,  Supreme  Court,  Washing- 
ton. 

Briscoe,  John  P.,  Court  of  Appeals,  Maiy- 
Uuid. 

Bronson,  H.  A.,  Supreme  Court,  North 
Dakota. 

Bruce,  Andrew  A.,  Ex.  C.  J.,  North  Da- 
kota. 

Buck,  George  P.,  Superior  Court,  Cali- 
fornia. 

Cabaniaa,  George  H.,  Superior  Court,  Cali- 
fornia. 

Carney,  John  Ralph,  Supreme  Court,  In- 
diana. 

Garter,  0.  N.,  Supreme  Court,  Illinois. 

Oaiy,  W.  P.,  SupeHor  Court,  OWifomia. 

Chureh,  Lincoln  S.,  Superior  Court,  Ckll- 
fomia. 

Clevenger,  P.  M.,  Court  of  Common  Pleas. 
Ohia  * 

Oole,  Franklin  J.,  Superior  Court,  Ckli- 
fomia. 

Coleman.  B.  W.,  Supreme  Court,  Nevada. 

Oonrey,  N.  P.,  District  Court  of  Appeals. 
California.  ^^^ 

Crow,  S.  E.,  Superior  Court,  California. 

Curtis,  J.  W.,  Superior  Court,  California. 

Outtrell,  C.  J.,  Superior  Court,  California. 

Davis,  John  W.,  New  York,  New  York. 

Dawson,  John  S.,  Supreme  Court,  Kansas. 

Dehy,  William  D.,  Superior  Court,  Cali- 
fornia. 

Ducker,  Edward  A.,  Supreme  Court,  Ne- 
vada. 

Dunne,  Frank  H.,  Superior  Court,  Cali- 
fornia. 


Ellison,   John  P.,   Superior  Coort,   Cali- 
fornia. 

Ellsworth,  S.  E.,  Superior  Court,  North 
Dakota. 

Ewbank,   Louis   B.,   Supreme  Court,   In- 
diana. 

Freeman,    G.    R.,    Superior  Court,   Cali- 
fornia. 

Gibbs,  George  Cooper,  Circuit  Court,  Flor- 
ida. 

Gilbert,  S.  Price,  Supreme  Court,  QwrgUi. 

Goodwin,  Clarence  N.,  Ex.  Judge,  Appell- 
ate Court,  Illinoli. 

Gregory,  H.  D.,  District  Court,  California. 

Groner,    D.    Lawrence,    U.    S.,    District 
Court,  Virginia. 

Hahn,   Edwin   P.,  Superior   Court,   Cali- 
fornia. 

Hains,  T.  W.,  Superior  Court,  Calif omia. 

Hanson,  George  M.,  Suprane  Court,  Maine. 

Harvay,  F.  N.,  District  Court,  California. 

Henry,  H.  D.,  Ex.  Judge,  Oklahoma. 

Higbee,  Harry,  Appellate  Court,  Illinois. 

Hobart,  R.  W.,  Supreme  Court,  Nebraska. 

Hosard,  Julian  L.,  County  Court,  Flor^. 

Jones,  George  L.,  Siq^erior  Court,   Cali- 
fornia. 

Kerrigan,   Frank   H^,  Court  of  Appeals, 
California. 

King,  Percy  S.,  Supreme  Court,  California. 

Koford,  Joseph  S.,  Superior  Court,  Cali- 
fornia. 

Lamson.  Richard,  Superior  Court,  Arizona. 

Langdon,  N.  T.,  Court  of  Appeals,  Cali- 
fornia. 

Lawyer,    George^    Supreme    Court,    New 
York. 

Lennon,  Thos.  J.,  Supreme  Court,  Cali- 
fornia. 

Letton,   Chas.    B.,    Supreme   Court,    Ne- 
braska. 

Lindd^,  Joseph  B.,  Superior  Court,  Wash- 
ington. 

Luoe,    Edgar  A.,    Superior    Court,    Cali- 
fornia. 

Lynch,  C.  W.,  Supreme  Court,  West  Vir- 
ginia. 


(480) 


LIST  OF  JUDGES  RBGISTEBED. 


481 


Mahon,  J.  W.,  Superior  Oourt,  Giaifoniia. 

lUhon,  R.  S.,  Superior  Ooort*  Oalifomia. 

Marx,  Bobert  S.,  Superior  Oourt,  Ohio. 

IfcOarnui,  P.  A.,  Supreme  Oourt|  Nevada. 

ICcOormick,  Paul,  J.,  Superior  Oourt,  Oali- 
fomia. 

HcOourt,  John,   Supreme  Oourt,  Oregoxu 

ICcDamfl,  Eugene  P.,  Superior  Oourt,  Oali- 
fornia. 

McLaughlin,  O.  B.,  Appellate  Oourt,  Oali- 
fomia. 

Meighen,  John  F.,  Superior  Oourt,  Minne- 
apolia. 

Monroe,  Charles,  Superior  Oourt,  Oali- 
fomia. 

Moran,  Tbonuw  P.,  Supreme  Oourt,  Ne- 
vada. 

Morriaaey,  A.  M.,  Supreme  Court,  Ne- 
bradoL 

Morrow,  Wm.  H.,  U.  8.  Circuit  Oourt 
Appeala,  Oalifomia. 

Mjen,  Louie  W.,  Superior  Court,  Cali- 
foraia. 

NorcnMB,  Frank  H.,  Ex.  O.  J.,  Nevada. 

Owen,  William  A.,  Oourt  of  Appeals, 
Tennessee. 

Owen,  W.  (X,  Supreme  Oourt,  Washington. 

Page,  George  T.,  Circuit  Oourt,  Illinois. 

Pam,  Hugo,  Superior  Court,  Illinois. 

Parker,  Sam  R.,  Supreme  Court,  Cali- 
fornia. 

Pears,  H.  A.,  Superior  Oourt,  Oalifomia. 

Plummer,  J.  A.,  Superior  Oourt,  Cali- 
fornia. 

Powera,  George  M.,  Supreme  Oourt,  Ver- 
mont. 

Prentia,  Robert  R.,  Supreme  Oourt  of  Ap- 
peals, Yirginia. 

Preston,  H.  L.,  Superior  Court,  California. 

Provosty,  Oliver  0.,  Supreme  Court,  Lou- 
isiana.' 

Quinn,  James  G.,  Superior  Court,  Cali- 
fornia. 

Rand,  John  L.,  Supreme  Court,  Oregon. 

Ratcliif,  O.  B.,  Supreme  Court,  Indiana. 

Ridgeway,  Tom,  Supreme  Oourt,  Cali- 
fornia. 

Robinson,  B.  C,  Superior  Oourt,  Cali- 
fornia. 

Rogers,  Merle  J.,  Superior  Court,  Cali- 
fonia. 

Rowan,  John  M.,  Superior  Oourt,  Cali- 
fornia. 

Samuels,  George,  Superior  Court,  Oali- 
fomia. 

Sanders,  J.  A.,  Supreme  Oourt,  Nevada. 

Shaw,  Lucien,  Supreme  Oourt,  Oalifomia. 


Shelton,  Thos.  W.,  Norfolk,  Virginia. 

Shenk,   John   W.,    Superior   Court,    Oali- 
fomia. 

Siddons,  Fred.  L.,  Supreme  Oourt,  Wash- 
ington, D.  0. 

Shurtlelf,  Charles  A.,  Supreme  Oourt,  Cali- 
fornia. 

Smith,  Wm.  R.,  Supreme  Court,  Kansas. 

Smith,  W.  R.,  Supreme  Oourt,  Texas. 

Street,  Robert  G.,  Supreme  Oourt,  Texas. 

Stiother,  S.  L.,  Superior  Court,  Oalifomia. 

St    Sure,   H.   F.,    Superior  Court,   Cali- 
fornia. 

Sturtevant,  Geo.  A.,  Superior  Court,  Oali- 
fomia. 

Surveyer,  W.  Fabre,  Superior  Oourt,  Can- 
ada. 

Taber,  E.  J.  L.,  Supreme  Oourt,  Nevada. 

Taft,    Wm.    H.,    U.    8.    Supreme   Court, 
Washington,  D.  0. 

Thompson,  R.  L.,   Superior  Oourt,  Oali- 
fomia. 

Tolman,  Warren  W.,  Supreme  Oourt,  Wash- 
ington. 

Tucker,  Robert,  Supreme  Court,  Oregon. 

Tumer,  W.  B.,  Supreme  Court,  Tennessee. 

l^ler,  John  F.,  District  Oourt  of  Appeal, 
Oalifomia. 

Valentine,  L.   H.,   Superior  Oourt,  Cali- 
fornia. 

Vickey,  Willis,  Court  of  Appeals,  Ohio. 

Wallace,   Gerlad  Beatty,  Superior  Court, 
California. 

Wallace,    W.    B.,    Superior   Court,    Oali- 
fomia. 

Warlar,  Freitus,  Oourt  of  Record,  Florida. 

Waste,  William  H.,  Supreme  Court,  Cali- 
fornia. 

Watt,  Rolla  B.,  Small  Clalma  Oourt,  Oali- 
fomia. 

Weyl,  Berbla,   A.,   Superior  Oourt,  Cali- 
fornia. 

Whitehead,    H.    W.,    Court   of    Common 
Pleas,  Pennsylvania. 

Wlckersham,   Geo.   W.,   New  York,  New 
Yoric. 

Wilbur,  Curtis,  D.,  Supreme  Court,  Oali- 
fomia. 

Willis,  Frank  R.,   Superior  Court,  Oali- 
fomia. 

Wolf,  Adolph,  S.,  Supreme  Court,  Porto 
Rica 

Wood,  John  Perry,  Supreme  Court,  Cali- 
fornia. 

Wylder,  L.  Newton,  Supreme  Court,  Mlf- 
soori. 


CONFERENCE  OF   BAR  ASSOCIATION 

DELEGATES 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF  THE 

SPECIAL  CONFERENCE  ON  LEGAL  EDUCATION 

HELD  AT  WASHINGTON,  D.  C,  FEBRUARY  23,  24,  1922 

Pursuant  to  resolution,  of  the  American  Bar  Association  at 
its  meeting  in  Cincinnati  in  1921  (vol.  XLVI,  A.  B.  A.  Eeports, 
pp.  37-47),  a  very  enthusiastic  meeting  of  the  Conference  of 
Delegates  was  held  in  the  City  of  Washington  on  February  23 
and  24,  1922,  to  consider  the  subject  of  improving  the  standards 
of  legal  education.  The  proceedings  of' that  Conference  and  its 
results  commanded  wide  attention  throughout  the  United  States. 

The  detailed  proceedings  were  reported  in  the  American  Bar 
Association  Journal  for  March,  1922  (pp.  137-166),  and  re- 
printed in  the  American  Law  School  Review  for  May,  1922 
(vol.  4,  No.  14,  pp.  812-842). 

BSSOLUTIONS. 

The  Conference  passed  the  following  resolutions : 

Resolved,  That  the  National  Conference  of  Bar  AsBOciations  adopt 
the  following  statement  in  regard  to  legal  education: 

1.  The  great  complexity  of  modem  legal  regulations  requires  for  the 
proper  performance  of  legal  services  lawyers  of  broad  general  education 
and  thorough  legal  training.  The  lesal  education  which  was  fairly 
adequate  under  simpler  economic  conditions  is  inadequate  today.  It 
is  the  duty  of  the  legal  profession  to  strive  to  create  and  maintain 
standards  of  legal  education  and  rules  of  admission  to  the  bar  which  will 
protect  the  public  both  from  incompetent  legal  advisers  and  from  those 
who  would  disregard  the  obligations  of  professional  service.  This  duty 
can  best  be  performed  bv  the  organized  efforts  of  bar  associations. 

2.  We  enoorse  with  the  following  explanations  the  standards  with 
respect  to  admission  to  the  Bar,  adopted  by  the  American  Bar  Associa- 
tion on  September  1 .  1921 : 

Every  candidate  tor  admiauon  to  the  Bar  should  give  evidence  of 
graduation  from  a  law  school  complying  with  the  following  standards: 

(a)  It  shall  require  as  a  condition  of  admission  at  least  two  years  of 
study  in  a  college. 

(482) 


8PB0IAL  OONFBBBNOE  ON  LEGAL  KDUOATION.  483 

(b)  It  shall  require  its  students  topinmie  a  course  of  three  years 
duration  if  they  devote  substantially  all  of  their  working  time  to  their 
studies,  and  a  longer  course,  equivalent  in  the  number  of  working  hours, 
if  they  devote  only  part  of  their  working  time  to  their  studies. 

(c)  It  shall  provide  an  adequate  library  available  for  the  use  of  the 
students. 

(d)  It  shall  have  among  its  teachers  e^  sufficient  number  giving  their 
entire  time  to  the  school  to  insure  actual  personal  acquaintance  and 
influence  with  the  whole  student  body. 

3.  Further,  we  believe  that  law  schools  should  not  be  operated  as 
commercial  enterprises,  and  that  the  compensation  of  any  officer  or 
member  of  its  teaching  staff  should  not  depend  on  the  number  of  students 
or  on  the  fees  receiv^. 

4.  We  agree  with  the  American  Bar  Association  that  graduation  from 
a  law  school  should  not  confer  the  ri^ht  of  admission  to  the  Bar,  and 
that  every  candidate  should  be  subjected  to  examination  by  public 
authority  other  than  the  authority  of  the  law  school  of  which  he  is  a 
graduate. 

5.  Since  the  legal  profession  has  to  do  with  the  administration  of  the 
law,  and  since  public  officials  are  chosen  from  its  ranks  more  frequently 
than  from  the  ranks  of  any  other  profession  or  business,  it  is  essential 
that  the  legal  profession  should  not  become  the  monopoly  of  aioy 
economic  class. 

6.  We  endorse  the  American  Bar  Association's  standards  for  admis- 
sion to  the  Bar  because  we  are  convinced  that  no  such  monopoly  will 
result  from  adopting  them.  In  almost  every  part  of  the  country  a  young 
mah  of  small  means  can,  by  energy  and  perseverance,  obtain  the  college 
and  law-school  education  which  the  standards  require.  And  we  under- 
stand that  in  applying  the  rule  requiring  two  years  of  study  in  a  college, 
educational  experience  other  than  that  acquired  in  an  American  college 
may,  in  proper  cases,  be  accepted  as  satisfying  the  requirement  of  the 
rule,  if  equivalent  to  two  years  of  college  work. 

7.  We  believe  that  the  adoption  of  these  standards  will  increase  the 
^ciency  and  strengthen  the  character  of  those  coming  to  the  practice 
of  law,  and  will  therefore  tend  to  improve  greatly  the  administration  of 
justice.  We  therefore  urge  the  bar  associations  of  the  several  states  to 
draft  ruled  of  admission  to  the  Bar  carrying  the  standards  into  effect 
and  to  take  such  action  as  they  may  deem  advisable  to  procure  their 
adoption. 

8.  Whenever  any  state  does  not  at  present  afford  such  educational 
opportunities  to  young  men  of  small  means  as  to  warrant  the  immediate 
adoption  of  the  standards  we  urge  the  bar  associations  of  the  state  to 
encourage  and  help  the  establishment  and  maintenance  of  good  law 
schools  and  colleges,  so  that  the  standards  may  become  practicable  as 

.  soon  as  possible. 

9.  We  believe  that  adequate  intellectual  requirements  for  admission 
to  the  Bar  will  not  only  increase  the  efficiency  of  those  admitted  to 
practice  but  will  also  strengthen  their  moral  character.  But  we  are 
convinced  that  high  ideals  of  professional  dutv  must  come  chiefly  from 
an  understanding  of  the  traditions  and  standards  of  the  Bar  through 
study  of  such  traditions  and  standards  and  by  the  personal  contact  of 
law  students  with  members  of  the  Bar  who  are  marked  by  real  interest 
in  younger  men,  a  love  of  their  profession  and  a  keen  appreciation  of 
the  importance  of  its  best  traditions.  We  realize  the  difficulty  of  creating 
this  kind  of  personal  contact,  especially  in  large  cities;  nevertheless,  we 
believe  that  much  can  be  accomplished  by  the  intelligent  cooperation 
between  committees  of  the  Bar  and  law  school  faculties. 


484  SPECIAL  CONFBBENCE  ON  LBOAL  EDUCATION. 

10.  We  therefore  urge  courts  and  bar  aaoodiatioiis  to  charge  thenaarives 
with  the  duty  of  deviaing  meaoa  for  bringiiic^  law  students  in  contact 
with  members  of  the  Bar  from  whom  they  will  learn,  l^  <»Ttimpf^  and 
precept,  that  admisnon  to  the  Bar  is  not  a  mere  license  to  cany  on  a 
trade,  but  that  it  is  an  entrance  into  a  profession  with  honorable  tradi- 
tions of  service  which  they  are  bound  to  maintain. 

The  Advisory  Committed  of  forty-eight,  provided  by  resolu- 
tion {infra,  p.  584)  was  duly  instituted  and  held  its  initial  meet- 
ing forthwitii  in  Washington  City.  A  Supervisory  Committee  of 
five  is  to  be  appointed  by  the  newly  elected  Chairman  of  the 
Conference. 

Abstract  ov  Pboobbdinqs. 

The  following  is  a  more  detailed  but  necessarily  somewhat 
curtailed  statement  of  the  proceedings  (which  have  been  pub- 
lished in  full  as  a  bulletin  of  the  Conference) : 

On  Thursday,  February  23,  1922,  the  meeting  was  called  to 
order  by  Clarence  N.  Goodwin,  Chairman  of  the  Conference  of 
Bar  Association  Delegates,  who  said,  in  part : 

The  proposition  to  be  discussed,  is  the  reconmiendation  of  the 
American  Bar  Association,  adopted  at  its  last  annual  meeting, 
that  hereafter  two  years  in  college  and  the  equivalent  to  three 
years  in  a  full-time  law  school,  shall  be  required  as  a  condition 
of  admission  to  the  Bar. 

The  idea  of  a  Conference  of  all  the  bar  associations  of  the 
country  which  should  meet  annually  for  common  counsel,  and 
which  should  bind  them  all  together  for  the  accomplishment  of 
a  common  purpose  and  by  this  means  raise  the  standards  of  the 
profession  and  bring  about  a  better  administration  of  justice^ 
and  the  plans  under  which  it'was  organized,  were  conceived  by 
the  man  to  whom  the  world  is  indebted  for  so  many  constructiye 
thoughts  and  for  so  many  noble  and  very  lofty  plans  destined  to 
be  of  the  largest  importance  to  the  welfare  of  humanity  and  the  . 
peace  of  the  world,  the  Honorable  Elihu  Boot,  of  New  York.  At 
his  suggestion,  and  in  accordance  with  his  ideas,  the  Conference 
was  created  in  the  year  1915.  .  He  was  for  several  years  its 
Chairman,  and  his  leadership  was  responsible  for  establishing  it 
as  a  potent  and  national  institution. 

The  recommendations  now  submitted  for  conference  action 
come  to  a  body  which,  during  the  last  three  years,  has  made 
itself  familiar  with  the  conditions  existing  in  the  profession. 


SPECIAL  GONFS&BNCB  ON  LBQAL  XDUOATIOK.  485 

recognizes  the  worth,  competency  and  high  character  of  lawyers 
generally,  hut  knows  the  necessity  for  making  this  high  stand- 
ard of  the  greater  part  uniform  throughout  the  profession,  and 
making  it  certain  that  not  merely  the  majority,  however  large, 
hut  all  of  the  profession  shall  attain  to  stajidards  of  fitness  and 
worth  that  will  make  the  word  '^  lawyer '^  a  guarantee  of  high 
character,  learning  and  professional  honor. 

It  seems  little  less  than  a  crime  for  the  state  to  certify  to  the 
competency,  to  the  learning  and  to  the  ability  of  a  man  to 
represent  his  fellow  citizens  in  court  who  is  not  learned  nor 
able  nor  competent  to  represent  or  advise  anybody  in  any  legal 
matter. 

This  question  of  what  requirements  for  admission  to  the  Bar 
are  to  be  adopted  has  never  been  in  our  hands,  and  we  are  not 
as  a  body  responsible  for  the  standards  that  have  been  established. 
We  do,  however,  have  an  influence,  and  to  the  extent  that  we  have 
an  influence,  we  are  req)onsible,  and  to  the  extent  that  we  are 
responsible,  we  have  a  moral  duty  to  investigate  and  act. 

We  are  assured  from  the  investigations  that  we  have  already 
made  that  the  standard  and  requirements  already  adopted  are 
insufiScient.  We  are  here  to  discuss  the  question  of  how  much 
farther  we  are  to  go.  But  obviously  we  must  discuss  and  con- 
sider it  primarily  from  the  point  of  view  of  the  welfare  of  the 
public  rather  than  that  of  our  own  interests;  although  upon 
investigation  it  may  well  be  found  that  the  best  interests  of  the 
public  and  the  best  interests  of  the  profession  are  one  and  the 
same. 

Elihu  Boot,  of  New  York : 

Mr.  Chairman,  and  gentlemen  of  the  Conference:  Old  Dr. 
lieber,  the  great  teacher  of  jurisprudence  of  the  last  genera- 
tion, had  posted  on  the  wall  of  his  lecture  room  the  motto,  '^  No 
right  without  a  duty.''  It  is  my  pleasant  duty  to  present  to 
you  a  certain  action  of  the  American  Bar  Association  upon 
which  that  Association  appeals  to  you  for  sympathy  and  assis- 
tance. It  consists  in  certain  resolutions  designed  to  improve  the 
standard  of  the  incoming  Bar,  and  it  is  the  result  of  many  years 
of  discussion,  many  committees,  many  reports,  many  drafts  of 
resolutions.  For  26  years  the  American  Bar  Association  has 
acted  under  a  continually  growing  feeling  that  the  Bar  was  not 


486  SPECIAL  CONFERBKCE  ON  LEGAL  EDUCATION. 

functioning  quite  right,  and  during  all  that  time  local  associa- 
tions and  state  associations  have  been  appointing  committees, 
receiving  reports,  and  passing  resolutions  based  upon  the  same 
feeling. 

Some  nine  years  ago  the  American  Bar  Association  formally 
asked  the  Carnegie  Foundation  for  the  Advancement  of  Teach- 
ing, which  had  just  accomplished  a  noteworthy  study  of  the 
teaching  of  medicine,  the  results  of  which  had  been  very  salutary 
to  the  medical  profession,  to  make  a  similar  study  of  legal  edu- 
cation. That  was  undertaken  by  the  machinery  of  the  founda- 
tion, and  last  summer  the  report  of  the  gentleman  who  had  been 
engaged  in  the  study  was  produced.  In  tiie  meantime  the  Ameri- 
can Bar  Association  reorganized  its  branch  devoted  to  legal 
education  into  a  section  on  legal  education  and  admissions  to 
the  Bar,  with  an  executive  council.  The  Section  also  appointed 
a  special  committee  composed  of  half  a  dozen  gentlemen  from 
all  parts  of  the  country  to  take  up  the  question  as  to  what  should 
be  done  to  create  conditions  which  would  improve  the  efficiency 
and  strengthen  the  character  of  those  coming  to  the  practice  of 
law.  That  committee  met  in  the  City  of  New  York  and  it  sent 
out  questionnaires  all  over  the  country  to  the  people  who  were 
supposed  to  be  best  fitted  to  make  suggestions,  to  the  heads  of 
all  the  bar  associations,  state  and  local,  to  all  the  law  schools, 
and  to  a  great  number  of  leaders  of  the  Bar  in  different  parts  of 
the  country.  They  got  great  numbers  of  answers,  and  those 
they  collated  and  digested. 

Then  the  committee  met  again  and  they  invited  repres^itatives 
of  all  sorts  of  experiences  and  opinions  on  the  subject  to  come 
before  them  and  instruct  them.  There  was  a  long  session  in 
which  the  heads  of  the  law  schools  and  bar  examiners  and 
members  of  the  Bar  in  active  practice  came  in  and  talked  to  the 
committee  an^  answered  questions.  As  a  result  the  committee 
reported  to  the  Section  of  Legal  Edi^cation  and  Admissions  to 
the  Bar  of  the  Bar  Association  a  series  of  resolutions  which  they 
recommended,  designed  to  take  one  step  at  least  in  the  direction 
of  having  a  more  effective  Bar,  not  only  now  but  in  the  future. 
Those  resolutions  which  were  recommended  by  the  committee 
went  before  the  Section,  at  a  largely  attended  meeting  in  Cin- 
cinnati last  summer,  and  were  fully  debated.    Bepresentatives  of 


8PB0IAL  OOKFBKBNOB  OK  USGAL  EDUCATION.  487 

oertain  law  schools  who  were  opposed  came  in  and  argued  very 
fully  in  opposition.  But  they  were  adopted  by  an  overwhelming 
majority  by  the  Section  and  recommended  to  the  Association, 
and  in  a  very  fully  attended  meeting  of  the  Association  there  was 
another  vote,  and  they  were  adopted  then  by  an  immense 
majority.  I  am  now  bringing  them  before  you  by  the  direction 
of  the  Association  with  a  request  for  your  kind  consideration  and 
all  the  help  that  you  can  give  us. 

(1)  The  American  Bar  Association  is  of  the  opinion  that  every  candi- 
date for  admission  to  the  Bar  should  ^ve  evidence  of  graduation  from 
a  law  school  complying  with  the  following  standards: 

(a)  It  shall  require  as  a  condition  of  admission  at  least  two  yean  of 
study  in  a  college. 

(b)  It  shaU  reouire  its  students  to  pursue  a  course  of  three  years 
duration  if  they  devote  substantially  all  of  their  working  time  to  their 
studies,  and  a  longer  course,  equivalent  in  the  number  of  working  hours, 
if  they  devote  onS^  part  of  their  working  time  to  their  studies. 

(c)  It  shall  provide  an  adequate  library  available  for  the  use  of  the 
students. 

(d)  It  shall  have  among  its  teachers  a  sufficient  number  giving  their 
entire  time  to  the  school  to  insure  actual  personal  aoquamtance  and 
influence  with  the  whole  student  body. 

(2)  The  American  Bar  Association  is  of  the  opinion  that  graduation 
from  a  law  school  should  not  confer  the  right  of  admission  to  the  Bar, 
and  that  eveay  candidate  should  be  subjected  to  an  examination  by 
public- authority  to  determine  his  fitness. 

(3)  The  Council  on  Legal  Education  and  Admissions  to  the  Bar  is 
directed  to  publish  from  time  to  time  the  names  of  those  law  schools 
which  compiv  with  the  above  standards  and  of  those  which  do  not  and 
to  make  such  publications  available  so  far  as  possible  to  intending  law 
students. 

-  (4)  The  President  of  the  Association  and  the  Council  on  Legal  Edu- 
cation and  Admissions  to  the  Bar  are  directed  to  cooperate  with  the 
state  and  local  bar  associations  to  urge  upon  the  ouly  constituted 
authorities  of  the  several  states  the  adoption  of  the  above  requirements 
for  admission  to  the  Bar. 

(5)  The  Council  on  Legal  Education  and  Admissions  to  the  Bar  is 
directed  to  call  a  Conference  on  Legal  Education  in  the  name  of  the 
American  Bar  Association,  to  which  Qie  state  and  local  bar  associations 
shall  be  invited  to  send  delegates,  for  the  purpose  of  uniting  the  bodies 
represented  in  an  effort  to  create  conditions  favorable  to  tne  adoption 
of  the  principles  above  set  forth. 

You  will  perceive  that  the  first  part  of  these  resolutions — all 
of  the  first  two — is  an  expression  of  opinion  by  the  American 
Bar  Association.*  Of  course  that  opinion  cannot  be  changed  here, 
in  another  meeting,  differently  constituted.  What  you  can  do, 
and  what  I  hope  you  will  do,  is  to  range  yourselves  by  the  side  of 
the  American  Bar  Association  to  give  effect  to  that  opinion. 

You  will  perceive  that  the  second  part  of  the  resolutions 
directs  action.    It  directs  two  kinds  of  action.    First,  the  action 


488  SPECIAL  CONFSBBNCB  OK  LBOAL  SDUCATION. 

which  will  be  effective  in  itself ;  that  is^  the  Coxmcil  of  the  Section 
of  Legal  Education  is  directed  to  publish  from  time  to  time  the 
names  of  those  law  schools  which  comply  with  the  above  standards 
and  of  those  which  do  not^  and  to  make  such  publicationfi  available 
so  far  as  possible  to  intending  law  students.  Now^  that  is  going 
on  and  will  continue  to  go  on,  and  Mr.  Sanborn,  the  Secretary  of 
the  Section,  who  is  here,  can  give  you  information  about  the  very 
gratifying  results  of  the  publication  of  these  resolutions,  in  the 
way  of  responses  from  law  schools^  a  large  part  of  which  have 
already  announced  their  intention  to  make  their  qualifications 
conform  to  the  qualifications  that  should  be  established  in  the 
opinion  of  the  American  Bar  Association.  So  no  matter  what 
we  do  here,  there  will  be  put  before  the  people  of  the  country  and 
the  thousands  of  young  men  who  are  seeking  admission  to  the  Bar 
during  this  coming  year,  a  Ust  of  the  law  schools  which  conform 
to  the  opinion  of  the  American  Bar  Association  as  to  what  a  law 
school  ought  to  be,  and  a  list  of  the  schools  which  do  not  con- 
form to  the  opinion  of  the  American  Bar  Association  as  to  what 
a  law  school  ought  to  be,  with  the  natural  result  that  all  the 
young  men  and  young  women  who  are  able  to  do  so  will  go  to  the 
first-class  law  schools  and  none  who  can  get  to  the  first-class 
will  go  to  the  others,  and  if  they  are  true  Americans,  imbued 
with  the  traditional  American  impulse  always  to  have  the  best, 
you  will  find  the  law  schools  that  axe  what  they  ought  to  be 
filling  up  and  the  law  schools  that  are  not  what  they  ought  to  be 
dwindling. 

The  second  line  of  action  directed  in  these  resolutions  is  what 
has  brought  us  here.  It  is  a  direction  of  the  Association  to 
cooperate  with  the  state  and  local  bar  associations,  to  urge  upon 
the  duly  constituted  authorities  of  the  several  states  the  adoption 
of  the  above  requirements,  and  the  direction  for  the  calling  of 
this  Conference,  for  the  purpose  of  uniting  the  state  and  local 
bodies  in  an  effort  to  create  conditions  in  the  several  states  favor- 
able to  the  adoption  of  these  principles. 

You  see  those  are  two  quite  separate  and  distinct  lines  of 
action  to  give  effect  to  these  standards :  First,  the  direct  com- 
munication to  the  people  of  the  United  States  upon  the  authority 
of  the  members  of  the  Bar  Association  of  an  opinion  as  to  the 
kind  of  law  school  their  young  men  shall  go  to,  and  second,  an 


SPBOIAL  OONFBSBNOB  ON  U»AL  SDUOATION.  489 

appeal  to  you  members  of  the  state  and  local  bar  afisodatioiis  to 
use  your  influence  and  power  in  the  seyeral  states  to  get  the  state 
anthoritieB  to  take  over  and  pnt  into  force  that  same  opinion. 

Now,  this  appeal  to  yon  and  to  your  associations  is  not  without 
a  basis  in  past  history.  The  local  bar  associations  haye  long  been 
appointing  committees,  passing  resoli^tions  in  some  .way  to 
improve  the  standing  and  efficiency  of  the  Bar,  and  particularly 
of  the  incoming  Bar.  And  this  is  an  appeal  for  that  union 
which  will  make  it  possible  for  all  the  resolutions  and  all  the 
good  intentions  of  the  state  and  local  associations  for  20  years 
past  to  become  efficient  and  active. 

There  will  be  opposition  to  some  of  these  provisions,  and  in 
order  to  determine  how  far  the  opinion  of  the  American  Bar 
Association  is  praiseworthy  and  sound  and  should  be  supported, 
it  is  important  to  look  a  little  at  the  trouble  which  it  seeks  to 
cure.  That  there  is  trouble  I  think  every  one  of  us  feels.  It 
may  not  be  trouble  in  this  particular  county,  in  this  particular 
Bar,  in  this  or  that  state ;  but  it  is  trouble  in  so  large  a  part  of  the 
Bar  that  it  affects  the  whole  Bar.  Tou  cannot  have  too  many 
rotten  spots  in  an  apple  and  have  the  rest  of  it  good.  We  have 
for  years  been  hearing  just  such  things  as  Judge  Goodwin  tells 
us  out  of  his  experience  on  the  Bench,  about  the  sacrifice  of 
client's  interests,  increased  expense,  the  continual  delays,  the 
sending  back  of  cases  for  new  trial,  notwithstanding  their  merits, 
owing  to  the  inefficiency  and  incompetency  of  members  of  the 
Bar.  Those  reports  have  been  coming  from  all  over  and  they 
have  blackened  the  name  of  the  Bar.  They  have  led  the  public 
to  observing  the  manifold  defects  of  our  administration  of 
justice — ^its  ddays,  its  technicalities,  its  repeated  and  oft- 
repeated  appeals  and  reviews,  its  long  delays  which  prevent  the 
honest  man  of  modest  means  from  getting  his  rights,  while  the 
rich  man,  with  abundant  income,  and  the  sharper,  with  subtle 
and  adroit  ingenuities,  can  put  off  indefinitely  the  granting  of 
justice.  That  is  the  charge  against  us,  against  you  and  me;  and 
what  is  worse  still,  it  is  a  charge  against  our  free  institutions 
that  is  sapping  the  faith,  the  confidence,  the  loyalty  of  the 
millions  of  people  in  this  land,  in  those  institutions. 

Apart  from  those  evidences,  there  is  enough  in  the  general 
conditions  to  satisfy  any  one  that  either  the  Bar  or  somebody 


490  SPEOIAL  GOirFBKBNCB  OK  LEGAL  EDUCATION. 

else  is  not  quite  doing  its  full  duty.  Vastly  complicated  our 
practice  has  become.  The  enormous  masses  of  statutes  and 
decisions  have  made  it  so.  Twelye  thousand  to  fifteen  thousand 
public  decisions  of  courts  of  last  resort  in  a  yearl  Twelve 
thousand  to  fifteen  thcj^sand  more  statutes  from  our  Congress 
and  legislatures!  A  wilderness  of  laws  and  a  wilderness  of 
adjudications  that  no  man  can  follow^  requiring  not  less^  but 
more  ability;  not  less,  but  more  learning;  not  less,  but  more 
intellectual  training  in  order  to  advise  an  honest  man  as  to  what 
his  rights  are  and  in  order  to  get  his  rights  for  him.  Are  we 
doing  it?  No.  The  Bar  stays  still.  It  has  been  talking  25 
years.  The  American  Bar  Association  has  been  talking  about  it 
for  25  years,  appointing  conunittees,  listening  to  reports  and 
filing  them.  This  is  the  first  attempt,  in  any  authoritative  and 
conclusive  way,  to  do  something.  I  am  here  to  ask  you  to 
help  in  it. 

Not  only  has  the  practice  of  law  become  complicated,  but  the 
development  of  the  law  has  become  difficult.  New  conditions  of 
life  surround  us;  capital  and  labor,  machinery  and  transporta- 
tion, social  and  economic  questions  of  the  greatest,  most  vital 
interest  and  importance,  the  effects  of  taxation,  the  social  struc- 
ture, justice  to  the  poor  and  injustice  to  the  rich — ^a  vast  array 
of  difficult  and  complicated  questions  that  somebody  has  got  to 
solve,  or  we  here  in  this  country  will  suffer  as  the  poor  creatures 
in  Bussia  are  suffering  because  of  a  violation  of  economic  law, 
whose  decrees  are  inexorable  and  cruel.  Somebody  has  got  to 
solve  these  questions.  How  are  they  to  be  solved  ?  I  am  sure  we 
all  hope  they  will  be  solved  by  the  application  to  the  new  con- 
ditions of  the  old  principles  of  justice  out  of  which  grew  our 
institutions.  But  to  do  that  you  must  have  somebody  who  underr 
stands  those  principles,  their  history,  their  reason,  their  spirit, 
their  capacity  for  extension,  and  their  right  application.  Who 
is  to  have  that  ?  Who  but  the  Bar  ?  Is  the  Bar  giving  it  ?  Is 
the  Bar  getting  it?    The  public^s  judgment  is  that  it  is  not. 

Conditions  have  so  changed  from  Abraham  Lincoln's  day  that 
the  problem  is  different  and  the  opportunity  is  different.  Not 
only  that,  but  the  material  is  becoming  different. 

I  was  for  many  years  a  member  of  the  Character  Conmiittee 
in  the  City  of  New  York,  appointed  by  the  Appellate  Division  of 


SPBOIAL  00NFEB3SK0B  ON  LBQAL  ISDUOATION.  491 

the  Supreme  Court  of  tbat  Department^  and  year  after  year  we 
used  to  sit^  and  all  the  applicants  for  admissions  to  the  Bar  came 
before  ns  and  presented  their  papers  and  submitted  themselyes 
to  such  examination  as  we  saw  fit  to  make  regarding  their  char- 
acters. And  every  year,  when  it  was  all  through,  we  were  com- 
pelled to  confess  to  each  other  that  we  really  did  not  know 
anything  about  the  character  of  nine-tenths  of  the  young  men 
who  came  before  us.  They  would  get  somebody  to  sign  the 
neciessary  papers,  and  they  would  furnish  certain  formal  state- 
ments about  their  careers.  A  young  fellow  just  applying  for 
admission  to  the  Bar  has  not  much  of  a  career.  It  is  very  diffi- 
cult to  tell  much  about  his  character.  We  could  not  keep  a 
young  man  out  because  we  did  not  know  much  about  him.  It 
would  not  be  fair  to  deprive  him  of  his  chances.  Nevertheless, 
I  had,  we  all  had,  an  uncomfortable  and  unhappy  feeling  that  we 
were  admitting  to  the  Bar  each  year  some  scores  and  hundreds 
of  young  men  without  any  warrant  whatever  for  believing  that 
ihey  had  the  character  that  is  the  most  essential  thing  in  the 
administration  of  justice. 

The  old  practice  of  Lincoln's  time,  under  which  a  young  man 
studied  in  a  law  office,  got  a  little  coaching,  a  little  steering 
from  the  members  of  the  firm,  read  a  few  fundamental  books  and 
became  educated  as  a  lawyer  in  that  way,  has  passed.  Here  and 
there  in  the  country  districts  it  may  remain,  but  by  and  large 
it  has  gone.  That  path  way  is  no  longer  open  to  the  young  man 
who  is  seeking  admittance  to  the  Bar.  In  its  place  has  come  the 
law  school ;  and  in  place  of  that  assurance  which  the  old  lawyer 
in  whose  office  a  boy  had  studied  could  give  to  the  court  upon 
his  personal  knowledge,  has  come  the  Bar  examination. 

Two  things,  I  think,  lie  at  the  bottom  of  our  difficulty  here. 
One  is  that  the  old  system  which  has  passed  away  was  a  system 
that  gave  moral  qualities  to  the  boy.  He  took  in,  through  the 
pores  of  his  skin,  the  way  of  thinking  and  of  feeling,  the 
standards  of  morality,  of  honor,  of  equity,  of  justice,  that  pre- 
vailed in  that  law  office;  and  the  moral  qualities  are  the  qualities 
for  the  want  of  which  our  Bar  is  going  down. 

Lincoln  did  not  need  any  such  resolutions  as  we  haVe  here. 
Lincoln  inherited  and  breathed  in  and  grew  into  the  moral 
quality  that  makes  a  lawyer  prominent,  that  makes  a  judge  great. 


492  SPECIAL  CONFBBSNOB  ON  LEOAIi  EDUCATION. 

The  other  difficulty  is  that  examination  is  wholly  incapable 
of  testing  that  moral  quality  of  a  man.  The  young  men  that  I 
have  been  talking  about,  whom  we  have  to  see  with  doubt  going 
through  the  examination  and  into  the  Bar  were  acute,  subtle, 
adroit,  skillful.  They  had  crammed  for  their  examinations. 
They  could  trot  around  any  simple-minded  American  boy  from 
the  country  three  times  a  day.  But  the  thing  that  we  were 
troubled  about  in  that  Character  Committee  was:  Haye  they 
got  the  moral  qualities  ?  And  we  had  no  OTidence  that  they  had. 
And  the  evidences  are  coming  in  all  the  time,  of  a  great  influx 
into  the  Bar  of  men  with  intellectual  acumen  and  no  moral 
qualities.  How  are  you  going  to  get  them  ?  Not  by  an  examina- 
tion; not  by  going  bade  to  the  law  office.    That  is  impossible. 

There  is  another  thing  to  be  considered.  A  Teiy  large  part 
of  these  new  aecessione,  and  particularly  in  the  large  cities,  are 
of  young  men  who  ha^e  come  in  recent  years  from  the  Continent 
of  Europe.  They  have  oome  from  countries  where  there  is  a 
highly  developed  jurisprudence.  They  have  necessarily,  by  in- 
heritance, all  those  predilections  and  fundamental  ideas  which 
differentiate  the  continental  systems  of  jurisprudence  fran  the 
Anglo-American  system.  Do  not  underestimate  the  importance 
of  that.  I  am  not  saying  that  the  systems  of  the  countries  from 
which  they  come  are  not  just  as  good  as  ours.  I  am  drawing  no 
comparison.  But  they  aie  different  from  ours.  Do  not  mistake 
that.  I  had  many  years  ago  to  argue  a  case  in  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States,  the  case  of  Hilton  vs.  Guyot — ^you 
will  find  it  along  about  30  years  ago  in  the  reports  (169  IT.  S. 
113) — ^involving  the  effect  of  a  French  judgment.  After  very 
careful  and  long  continued  study  I  came  to  this  ccmcfaision: 
That  an  American  stood  no  chance  in  a  French  court  and  a 
Frenchman  stood  no  chance  in  an  American  court.  I  have 
thought  of  that  a  thousand  times  since,  when  engaged  in  inter- 
national affairs,  and  I  have  seen  it  illustrated  over  and  over  and 
over  again.  The  great  trouble  in  international  affairs  is  that 
the  people  of  two  different  countries  have  two  different  sets  of 
pre-natal  ideas  in  the  backs  of  their  heads.  Eveiy  word  that 
is  said  and  printed  and  written  receives  one  meaning  against 
the  background  of  one  set  of  ideas,  and  another  meaning  against 
the  background  of  the  other  set  of  ideas.    If  you  have  a  week's 


8PBCIAL  OONFBRBKOB  ON  LBQAL  BDUOATION.  493 

conference^  yon  c&n  Bpend  aix  days  in  trying  to  understand  each  • 
other's  back-of-the-head  ideas.     And  if  you  can  get  a  little 
glimmer  of  an  idea  of  what  the  other  fellow  is  really  thinking 
about,  then  you  can  settle  your  difficully  in  five  minut^. 

These  young  men  to  whom  I  have  referred  come  here,  and  they 
are  coming  to  our  Bar  by  the  hundreds,  with  continental  ideas 
bom  in  them.  No  cramming  for  an  examination  will  get  them 
out.  They  are  not  to  be  learned  or  di%-l^nied  out  of  a  book. 
Those  ideaa  can  be  modified  or  adapted  to  our  ideas  only  by  con- 
tact with  life — contact  with  American  life — ^taking  in,  in  the 
processes  of  life,  some  conception  of  what  the  American  thought 
and  feeling  and  underlying  hasis  of  honesty  and  justice  is. 

Now,  how  can  you  get  it?  The  idea  of  this  resolution,  that  the 
law  school  should  require  as  one  of  its  conditions  for  entrance  two 
years  in  an  American  college,  is  an  effort,  and  the  only  one  that  has 
been  suggested,  to  require  that  these  young  men  shall  go  and 
spend  an  appreciable  time  under  such  conditions  that  they  will 
take  in  the  morale  of  our  country  before  they  are  admitted  to  the 
Bar. 

I  belieye  in  the  fundamental  conceptions  of  justice  and  honor 
and  good  faith,  out  of  which  our  American  institutions  grew. 
They  were  the  conceptions  that  were  brought  out  by  struggle  and 
sacrifice  during  the  long  centuries  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  fight  for 
freedom.  They  received  a  new  birth,  a  new  commission  upon  the 
American  continent — an  enlarged  conception  of  individual  liberty 
and  manhood,  of  individual  right,  of  justice,  of  duty  to  the  state, 
of  the  common  good,  entertained  by  men  who  had  no  superiors, 
who  looked  up  to  no  government  above  them,  but  were  the  gov- 
ernment, through  their  own  organization.  That  was  the  complex 
of  conceptions  that  gave  the  formative  power  that  has  made  this 
continent,  that  has  carried  the  common  law  of  England  from 
ocean  to  ocean;  that  has  made  the  individual  enterprise  of  Amer- 
ica, carried  on  hy  sovereign  citizens,  dealing  with  justice  and 
rendering  justice,  a  mightier  force  than  the  dictates  of  any 
empire  or  any  sovereign. 

I  said  a  few  moment  ago  that  I  do  not  criticize  any  continental 
view  of  jurisprudence.  Btt  I  do  take  leave  to  say  that  we  want 
our  view  here  in  this  country  to  continue. 


494  SPBOIAL  CONFBBBNCB  ON  LEGAL  SDUOATION. 

I  do  not  want  anybody  to  come  to  the  Bar  which  I  honor  and 
revere^  chartered  by  our  goyernment  to  aid  in  the  adminUtration 
of  justice,  who  haanot  any  conception  of  the  moral  qualities  that 
underlie  our  free  American  institutions — and  they  are  coming, 
today,  by  the  hundreds. 

I  know  of  no  way  that  has  been  suggested  to  assure  to  any  con- 
siderable degree  the  achievement  of  such  a  view  on  the  part  of 
aspirants  to  the  Bar  except  this  suggestion  that  they  shoidd  be 
required  to  go  to  an  American  college  for  two  years  and  mingle 
with  the  young  American  boys  and  girls  in  those  colleges,  be  a 
part  of  their  life,  and  learn  something  of  the  community  spirit  of 
our  land,  at  its  best;  learn  something  of  the  spirit  of  young 
America  in  its  aspiration  and  its  ambition,  seeking  to  fit  itself 
for  greater  things.  That  is  what  they  wiU  get  in  an  Ainerican 
college. 

Somebody  sent  me  the  other  day  a  card  that  had  been  circu- 
lated from  some  night  school  suggesting  that  this  was  a  snobbish 
proposal.  He  who  sent  it  knew  litUe  of  the  American  college.  We 
are  told  that  this  will  keep  poor  yoimg  men  out.  Keep  them 
out  1  Do  you  suppose  such  a  thing  would  have  kept  Lincoln  out  ? 
I  have  been,  within  the  last  year,  to  three  American  xmiyersities, 
each  one  of  which  had  over  11,000  students.  I  never  saw  a  more 
inspiring  spectacle  than  I  did  in  going  into  the  great  reading 
room  in  the  University  of  California  and  seeing  there  from  a 
thousand  to  two  thousand  young  men  and  women  all  at  work, 
reading.  Oh,  my  heart  grew  lighter  in  its  view  of  the  future  in 
the  faith  of  that  spectacle ! 

I  know  American  colleges,  and  I  have  seen  for  60  years  the 
plain  boys  trudging  over  the  hills  to  get  an  education  in  order 
that  they  might  climb  the  heights  of  fame  and  fortune,  in  order 
that  thqr  might  slake  the  thirst  for  learning,  in  order  that  they 
might  make  themselves  something  bigger  and  better;  and  I  say 
to  you  there  is  no  better  democracy  in  this  world  than  the  de- 
mocracy of  the  American  college.  And  that  is  the  great  thing 
that  is  learned  there;  for  in  it  the  youth  pass  the  most  formative 
years  of  their  lives  before  the  spectacle  of  men  who  are  happy  in 
the  pursuit  of  learning  aad  of  literature  and  of  science — happy 
in  their  growth  and  achievements — without  money,  without  dis- 
play, without  ostentation.    There  are  today  over  600,000  young 


8PB0IAL  OONFERB)^CB  ON  LEGAL  EDUCATION.  495 

Americans  in  these  institutions.  And  can  you  tell  me  that  a  boy 
who  is  worth  his  salt,  who  is  fit  ever  to  have  a  client,  who  has 
the  character  that  will  enable  himfto  assert  and  maintain  rights, 
cannot  find  his  way  to  one  of  those  institutions  and  spend  two 
years  there?    If  he  cannot,  he  does  not  belong  in  the  Bar. 

One  other  thing :  Whence  come  these  600,000  ?  Obserre,  that 
means  every  year  that  more  young  Americans  are  going  into 
these  institutions  than  there  are  in  the  whole  Bar  of  the  United 
States.  They  could  duplicate  the  Bar  of  the  United  States  every 
year,  if  all  the  youngsters  that  came  out  went  into  the  Bar. 
Whence  come  they  ?  They  come  from  the  people  of  every  call- 
ing, all  over  our  land>  of  every  condition,  from  parents  who  are 
working  hard  to  educate  their  children,  and  from  conditions  of 
life  where  the  child  has  to  serve  itself.  They  are  coming  in 
response  to  the  universal  feeling  of  the  American  people  that 
they  must  make  progress.  That  is  where  these  600,000  come 
from.  They  come  from  a  people  who  mean  to  do  better,  to  be 
better,  to  be  stronger,  to  do  great  and  greater  things. 

Is  the  Bar  alone  to  be  free  from  that  noble  feeling  ?  The  Bar, 
which  deems  itself  the  guardian  of  the  most  sacred  rights  of 
humanity?  Is  the  Bar  to  sit  silent,  passing  futile  resolutions 
expressing  pious  hopes,  and  unwilling  that  its  ranks  shall  be 
elevated  by  marching  side  by  side  with  all  the  rest  of  the  great 
and  aspiring  American  people  ? 

There  is  no  trouble  about  a  young  man  getting  a  college  educa- 
tion in  this  country  today — ^not  the  least.  There  is  money  enough 
wasted  by  incompetent,  slovenly,  ignorant  practice,  keeping 
honest  men  out  of  their  rights,  filling  up  the  time  of  the  courts, 
frustrating  efforts  at  more  prompt  disposal  of  cases,  and  the 
granting  of  justice — ^there  is  more  money  wasted  each  year  than 
would  be  necessary  to  pay  for  the  education  in  college  of  all  the 
men  that  will  apply  for  admission  to  the  American  Bar  for  the 
next  25  years. 

One  concluding  thing:  What  is  all  this  for?  What  is  the 
vital  consideration  underlying  all  the  efforts  of  the  American 
Barf  We  are  conunissioned  by  the  state  to  render  a  service. 
What  we  have  been  talking  about  is  the  way  of  ascertaining  or 
of  producing  competency  to  render  that  service.  Upon  what 
standard  of  judgment  shall  we  consider  and  attempt  to  do  that? 


496  SFBOIAL  OONFSBBNOB  ON  LBOAL  BDUCATION. 

Of  oar  rights  ?  Of  the  rights  of  the  yotmg  men  who  come  here 
crowding  to  the  gates  of  our  Bar  ?  Is  it  a  pririlege  to  be  passed 
around,  a  benefit  to  be  conferred?  Is  there  any  doubt  that  that 
standard  is  inadmissible  ?    Do  we  not  all  reject  it  P 

The  standard  of  public  service  is  the  standard  of  the  Bar^  if 
the  Bar  is  to  live;  the  maintenance  of  justice^  the  rendering  of 
justice  to  rich  and  poor  alike;  prompt,  inexpensive,  efficient 
justice. 

Shall  we  turn  our  backs  on  an  effort  to  secure  better  public 
service,  and  go  away  and  congratulate  ourselves  on  the  preserva^ 
tion  of  the  privilege  of  charging  fees  for  services,  without  regard 
to  the  great  duty,  the  great  obligation,  the  great  responsibility, 
that  our  privilege  carries  with  it  ? 

The  Bar  of  America  has  been  fumbling  for  years,  through  the 
American  Bar  Association  and  state  associations  and  local  asso- 
ciations and  in  private  conference  and  in  public  addrees,  to  find 
some  way  to  render  the  public  service  that  we  all  know  we  are 
bound  to  render,  and  that  we  all  feel  we  are  not  rendering  satis- 
factorily; and  this  is  the  one  concrete  and  practical  step  pro- 
posed for  the  accomplishment  of  that  purpose. 

I  hope  that  we  shall  have  the  enthusiastic  and  effective  sup- 
port of  all  the  Bar  associations  of  the  coxmtry  in  the  maintenance 
of  that  standard. 

At  the  afternoon  session  Chief  Justice  William  Howard  Taft 
(who  presided)  said : 

Gentlemen  of  the  Conference,  a  good  chancellor  amjdifles  hit 
jurisdiction.  My  experience  up  to  date  in  my  present  ofSee  is 
such  that  I  do  not  need  any  amplification.  However,  my  assodar 
tion  in  the  cause  of  legal  education  was  as  dean  of  a  law  Btbook 
for  three  yeaiB;  I  have  been  professor  for  eight  years;  and  thif 
makes  me  feel  that  when  I  am  called  upon  to  speak  for  a  canse 
like  this  that  I  should  respond  and  ought  not  to  be  criticised  for 
responding.  We  have  critics  not  only  of  our  opinions,  but  of  our 
occasional  utterances.  Therefore  we  must  take  care  that  what 
we  talk  about  shall  be  in  the  line  of  judicial  propriety.  I  trust 
that  a  discussion  of  the  need  of  legal  education  is  not  such  aii 
issue  that  either  Congressmen  or  Senators  can  complain  ol  my 
going  into  it. 


SPBOIAL  OONFBBBNOB  OK  LBOAL  EDUCATION.      497 

^he  law  is  a  learned  profession.  It  requires  dose^  accurate, 
Constant  study  fo  master  it  aad  to  make  a  man  a  good  and  helpfxQ 
lawyer.  Its  field  is  very  wide.  It  must  apply  to  every  phaae  of 
our  many-sided  life  aad  society.  As  life  and  society  grow  more 
complicated^  the  law  takes  on  that  characteristic. 

The  source  of  the  law  is  in  statutes  and  in  precedents.  The 
statutes  are  without  number  and  the  precedents  are  myriad  and 
are  contained  in  thousands,  yea  tens  of  thousands  of  volumes. 
No  man  can  know  all  the  statutes  or  all  the  cases  which  make 
precedents  in  the  unwritten  law,  and  in  the  application  of  sta- 
tutes. He  can  oAly  study  generally  the  principles  as  they  are  to 
be  found  in  the  leading  cases  and  familiarize  himself  with  the 
methods  available  for  finding  the  detailed  preced^ts  especially 
applicable  to  the  case  in  hand. 

This  calls  for  a  good  and  a  trained  memory,  great  intellectual 
industry  and  facility,  a  power  of  analytical  and  i^thetic  reason- 
ing, and  very  wide,  general  information  of  society  and  the  prac- 
tical affairs  of  men  and  government,  adapting  him  to  quick 
acquisition  of  knowledge,  accurate  and  sufficiently  detailed  to 
enable  him  to  advise  those  who  seek  his  assistance,  and  to  main- 
tain or  defend  their  rights  in  every  walk,  profession  or  business 
in  our  kaleidoscopic  society. 

It  goes  without  saying  that  the  best  preparation  for  the  suc- 
cessful study  and  practice  of  such  a  profession  is  a  wide  and 
thorough  general  education/  The  best  general  education  is  to  be 
had  at  our  colleges  and  universities.  There  (me  studies  litera- 
ture, language,  mathematics,  science,  history,  economics  and 
government.  There  one  is  subject  to  daily,  monthly,  semi-yearly 
or  yearly  examinations  of  what  he  has  studied.  He  is  trained 
to  arrange  his  mental  machinery  by  special  review  and  rapid 
summary  of  the  study  of  a  considerable  period  to  present  it  to  hid 
examiner  in  a  comprehensive,  accurate  and  logically  digested 
form.  He  will  not  remember  it  all  permanently  but  he  will  oarry 
enough  largely  to  widen  his  general  information,  and  what  is 
more  important,  he  will  by  this  constant  practice  in  preparing 
for  such  a  review  and  examination  acquire  a  facility  in  the  rapid 
acquisition  and  analytical  digestion  of  any  of  the  infinite  variety 
of  subjects  he  may  have  to  be  famliar  with  in  advising  a  client 
or  conducting  a  litigation  for  his  rights.    Such  facility  will  often 


498  8PB0IAL  OONFEBEKOB  ON  LBQAL  XDUOATION. 

make  the  difference  between  his  failure  and  his  success.  For  no 
learned  profession^  therefore^  is  a  thorough  and  general  college 
education  more  necessary  than  for  that  of  the  law. 

I  am  not  saying  that  a  man  may  not  acquire  sujch  an  education 
and  preparation  without  having  the  benefit  and  opportunity  of  a 
collegiate  or  university  course.  There  are  geniuses  in  applica- 
tiouy  men  of  native  inteDectuality  and  ability  and  high  ambition 
who  <;an  mount  obetacles  and  fit  themselves  for  anything  to 
which  their  wiU  would  carry  them.  But  they  are  rare  exceptions. 
We  have  to  deal,  in  laying  down  rules  for  the  required  prepara- 
tion for  a  profession^  with  the  average  man  who  wishes  to  practice 
it,  in  order  that  society  may  be  served  in  a  most  important  ca- 
pacity by  competent  practitioners.  We  should  not  be  governed  in 
laying  down  such  rules  by  the  needs  or  ambitions  of  those  who 
would  become  lawyers.  The  safety  of  society,  and  their  useful 
aid  to  society  are  ihe  prime  considerations.  If  a  man  cannot 
secure  the  preparation  which  an  average  man  should  have,  to  be 
a  lawyer,  then  he  should  seek  some  other  avenue  of  livelihood. 
We  have  all  the  lawyers  we  need  now,  and  there  is  likely  to  be 
no  dearth  of  them,  however  thorough  the  preparation  insisted 
upon.  The  illustrations  of  the  evil  that  may  be  done,  by  admitting 
to  a  learned  profession  of  importance  to  the  community  one  not 
properly  prepared,  are  perhapB  easier  to  find  and  elaborate  in  the 
case  of  physicians  and  surgeons  than  in  that  of  the  lawyers;  but 
the  evil  though  not  as  plain  is  just  as  great  in  the  injury  done 
to  individuals  and  society. 

But  I  am  asked,  would  you  shut  out  worthy  young  men  so 
poor  that  they  cannot  go  to  college?  Would  you  bar  a  man  like 
Lincoln  from  the  Bar  because  he  had  to  fight  his  way  from 
squalor  and  poverty  to  become  the  great  lawyer  he  was  ?  No,  I 
would  not.  Lincoln  was  a  man,  and  so  are  all  nasc^it  geniuses 
and  leaders  Uke  him,  who  if  it  had  been  necessary  to  go  to  a 
college  to  prepare  himself  for  the  Bar  would  have  overcome 
another  obstacle  and  done  so.  It  was  not  necessary  in  his  day  to 
have  the  basis  of  a  college  education  for  admission  to  the  Bar. 
He  educated  himself  and  prepared  himself.  He  would  have  been 
better  prepared,  had  he  had  a  college  education,  but  he  was  a  rare 
mould  and  his  example  furnishes  no  rule  which  should  guide  us 
today.    The  opportunities  for  college  education  are  not  confined 


dPBOIAL  GONFERBNCS  ON  LEGAL  BDUGATIOK.  499 

to  the  great  eastern  endowed  uniyeraities^  or  to  the  great  state 
nmyersitieSy  now  flourishing  in  every  state.  The  whole  country 
is  dotted  with  collegiate  institutions  of  learning  near  to  the 
home  of  every  young  man  anxious  to  come  to  the  Bar^  with 
facilities  for  supporting  himself  through  his  college  course  if  he 
has  the  courage  and  tenacity  and  self-restraint  to  avail  himself 
of  them.  There  are  thousands  of  young  men  doing  this  now. 
Such  a  man  will  derive  more  from  his  college  course  than  the 
young  man  wh()  is  supported  in  college  by  his  parents.  He  will 
know  what  it  costs  in  effort  to  secure  such  an  education.  He  will 
value  it  his  whole  life  long.  He  will  have  in  its  acquisition  a 
discipline  of  character  that  will  enable  him  in  the  race  of  life  to 
distance  his  apparently  more  fortunate  cla^smate6  who  giet 
remittances  from  home  and  r^ard  more  highly  the  diverting 
pleasures  of  a  college  course. 

I  do  not  know  that  I  want  to  be  i>ersonal^  but  that  comes  home 
to  me  with  such  force  that  I  must  illustrate  it  with  an  anecdote. 

My  father  was  the  son  of  a  farmer  in  that  part  of  Vermont 
where  how  they  live  makes  a  man  wonder  when  he  goes  to  see 
those  hillside  farms.  And  he  determined  to  get  a  college  educa- 
tion^ because  he  was  going  to  be  a  lawyer.  So  he  got  some  money 
by  teaching  at  home.  His  teaching  must  have  been  pretty  poor^ 
but  he  was  the  head  of  the  class^  so  he  could  be  sure  of  questions 
that  he  asked.  And  with  the  accumulation  of  a  little  money  he 
walked  down  from  Vermont  to  the  academy,  to  get  his  prepara- 
tion^  and  then  walked  to  Yale  from  Vermont.  Then  when  he 
went  in  he  worked  hard,  and  he  came  out  successful.  And  he 
worked  his  way  through  college.  Now  in  his  mind  the  value  of 
education  was  so  firmly  embedded  that  his  disgust  at  the  use  of 
the  college  for  pleasure  and  for  athletics  was  marked  in  hip 
whole  view  of  the  college  lif e,  and  therefore  when  I  went  to 
college  I  had  a  gentleman  at  home  that  had  an  estimate  of  the 
benefit  he  was  conferring  on  me  by  sending  me  there.  He  did 
not  have  much  of  a  curriculum,  but  he  got  out  of  college  Ufe 
more  than  any  man  that  I  knew.  And  why?  Because  he  got 
with  it  the  discipline  of  character  and  the  proper  estimate  of  the 
value  of  education.  Therefore  the  men  who  do  accept  the  opporr 
tunities  that  are  open  to  every  young  man  to  go  through  college 
and  Tirork  himself  through^  while  it  is  hard,  they  are  receiving  a 


500  SPBOIAL  CONFEBSNOE  ON  LEGAL  EDUCATION. 

txaiziing  that  will  stand  them  in  good  stead  in  after  life  and 
make  them  as  they  become,  the  leaders,  whereTer  they  cast 
their  lot. 

But  I  must  not  dwell  on  this  phase  of  preparation  require- 
ments for  the  Bar  longer.  I  would  not  over-emphasize  the  side 
and  claims  of  the  applicant  for  the  Bar.  The  great  consideration 
is  the  usefulness  to  society  of  the  Bar — ^as  to  that,  there  can  be 
no  doubt,  that  we  shall  greatly  increase  the  competency  of  the 
Bar  to  discharge  its  most  important  function  if  ^e  insist  on  the 
necessary  preliminary  essential  of  a  thorough  coUege  education. 
In  the  new  rules  adopted  by  the  American  Bar  Afisodation,  we 
have  not  made  a  complete  college  course  necessary  before  study 
of  the  law  begins,  though  I  hope  we  may  ultimately  do  so.  We 
are  moving  in  that  direction  by  requiring  two  years  of  collegiate 
training. 

Do  not  for  a  moment  ascribe  to  me  the  conviction  that  a  college 
education  will  fit  all  men  who  have  it  to  become  good  lawyers. 
There  are  many  who  go  through  college  who  are  no  better  pre- 
pared to  begin  the  study  of  the  law  than  men  without  a  college 
education.  They  are  men  upon  whom  any  higher  education  is 
wasted.  I  am  sorry  to  say  it,  but  if  it  were  smallpoz  they  would 
not  run  any  risk  of  getting  it.  But  we  must  be  guided  in  adopt- 
ing rules  for  a  whole  country  by  the  average  results  of  a  require- 
ment and  not  be  driven  from  it  by  personal  exception  which 
would  prevent  making  any  rules  at  all,  and  open  the  profession 
to  even  greater  abuses  than  now  exist,  great  as  they  are. 

There  is  nothing  aristocratic  or  exclusive  about  our  policy. 
When  you  come  to  employ  a  doctor  to  attend  your  very  sick  wife 
or  child,  you  don't  think  yourself  exclusive,  you  don't  count  your- 
self an  aristocrat  because  you  make  diligent  inquiry  to  obtain  the 
best  doctor  you  can  get.  When  you  are  seeking  to  recover  just 
compensation  for  a  gross  injustice  done  you,  or  are  defending 
yourself  against  a  dangerous  and  fraudulent  suit  against  your- 
self for  heavy  damages,  or  are  seeking  to  save  your  property  from 
total  loss  at  the  hands  of  some  one  whom  you  have  unwisely 
trusted  with  it,  you  cannot  be  called  a  patrician,  or  a  snob,  or 
an  aristocrat  because  you  try  to  find  a  lawyer  who  is  the  ablest 
and  best  fitted  man  to  preserve  your  rights  at  the  Bar.  The 
rules  for  preparation  for  the  profession  of  the  Bar  were  adopted 


SPBOUL  OONFBOBBNOB  ON  UKIAL  BDUOATION.  601 

for  the  purpose  of  makmg  it  more  likely  that  you  can  find  gach  a 
well-prepared  lawyer,  and  making  it  lese  likely  that  you  will 
hazard  your  important  interests^  important  at  least  to  you,  by 
placing  them  in  the  hands  of  a  man  who  practices  law  but  who 
may  not  know  enough  to  protect  them  as  a  competent  lawyer 
would.  It  will  not  make  certain  that  every  lawyer  is  competent 
but  it  will  certainly  reduce  the  number  of  incompetents.  We 
make  haste  slowly  in  this  world  in  reforms.  But  it  is  important 
that  we  shall  be  constantly  moving  in  the  right  direction. 

Chairman  Taft: 

The  first  topic  for  discussion  is  that  of  the  justification  of  the 
proposed  requirement  of  at  least  two  years  of  college  experience 
and  training  in  view  of  the  techniod  education  necessary  to 
make  an  efficient  lawyer.  I  have  the  pleasure  of  introducing 
Prof  Samuel  Williston,  of  the  Harvard  Law  School. 

Samuel  Williston,  of  Massachusetts : 

There  are  more  reasons  than  one  which  make  it  desirable  that 
one  who  proposes  to  study  law  should  have  had  at  least  two  years 
of  college  experience  and  training  in  order  that  he  shall  obtain 
the  grasp  of  legal  theory  and  principle  that  is  essential  to  a  well* 
educated  lawyer. 

In  the  first  place,  two  years  of  college  training  insures  some 
degree  of  maturity  in  the  student,  and  the  effective  study  of  law 
demands  a  mind  of  some  maturity.  The  childish  gift  of  memory 
is  by  no  means  to  be  despised,  but  the  law  student  who  relies 
entirely  upon  that  is  doomed  to  failure.  Nor  is  pure  logic, 
though  vital  in  legal  study,  the  only  power  of  mind  which  a 
student  of  the  law  should  possess  and  exercise.  Perhaps  the 
highest  mental  faculty  which  a  great  lawyer  ultimately  acquires 
is  wise  judgment,  based  not  only  on  memory  and  logical  deduc- 
tion, but  on  a  wide  range  of  comparisons  and  inferences  too 
numerous  and  too  subtle  for  complete  classification.  This  faculty 
id  of  slow  growth,  but  its  development  should  be  begun  and  carried 
forward  while  a  student  is  engaged  in  mastering  a  knowledge 
of  technical  law,  and  the  faculty  is  one  which  can  be  evolved  and 
educated  satisfactorily  only  in  a  student  of  somewhat  mature 
fears. 


502  SPXOIAL  CONFBBBNOB  ON  LEGAL  SDUOATION. 

If  years  alone  were  requisitey  this  desideratum  oould  be  ob- 
tained by  fixing  an  age  limit  for  students  entering  upon  legal 
studies;  but  years  alone  wiU  not  sufSce^  the  years  mufit  have  been 
spent  in  such  a  way  as  to  fit  the  young  man  for  the  work  which 
is  before  him.  Law  is  a  bookish  profession,  and  it  is  inevitable 
tbat  it  should  become  more  so.  Illustrations  of  great  lawyers  of 
past  generations  who  have  achieved  success  with  slender  knowl- 
edge derived  from  books  are  misleading.  The  printed  sources 
of  Anglo-American  law  have  been  more  than  doubled  in  bulk  in 
30  or  40  years.  There  are  more  law  reports  in  English  printed 
since  1885  than  were  printed  prior  to  that  year  from  the  begin- 
ning of  English  law  reporting.  The  bulk  of  statute,  moreover, 
is  enormous.  No  lawyer  can  be  efficient  now  who  has  not  some 
ability  to  use  books  and  extract  from  them  quickly  and  accurately 
the  principles  which  they  state.  The  law  student  at  the  very 
beginning  of  his  course,  and  throughout  his  course,  must  be 
plunged  in  the  midst  of  books.  It  is  not  an  adequate  or  suffi- 
cient technical  education  for  him  to  learn  brief  summaries  of 
the  main  topics  of  the  law.  He  must  be  able  to  investigate  the 
original  sources  and  learn  to  do  this  easily  and  quickly.  Only  by 
previous  considerable  use  of  books  is  he  likely  to  have  facility 
in  using  them,  and  in  extracting  quickly  from  language  fre- 
quently containing  large  words  and  involved  sentences,  an  ac- 
curate conception  of  their  meaning.  The  curriculum  of  the  law 
school  is  already  overcrowded  and  much  time  cannot  be  spent  in 
training  students  in  the  capacity  to  look  up  references  quickly 
and  extract  from  them  readily  their  meaning.  I  am  assuming, 
it  will  be  seen,  that  the  student  is  to  acquire  his  technical  educa- 
tion in  a  law  school.  That  this  is  now  the  only  desirable  way 
need  not  here  be  argued;  but  I  may  say  parenthetically,  that  a 
student  who  endeavors  to  prepare  himself  for  the  Bar  without 
entering  a  law  school  has  even  greater  need  of  preliminary  gen- 
eral education. 

In  order  to  understand  fully  the  importance  of  maturity  and 
preliminary  education  before  the  work  in  a  law  school  is  under- 
taken, the  character  of  that  work  should  be  understood.  It  is 
not  what  it  was  a  generation  ago.  Students  of  the  better  law 
schools  are  not  now  given  little  elementary  books  from  which 
to  memorize  formal  rules.    No  great  capacity  beyond  that  of 


SPECIAL  COKFEEENCE  ON   LEQAL  EDUOATION.  503 

memory  is  necessary  to  learn  that  mutual  assent  and  considera- 
tion are  prerequisites  to  the  formation  of  a  simple  contract.  But 
we  have  learned  how  little  the  memorizing  of  such  roles  gives 
a  student.  The  test  of  experience  has  shown  that  to  get  an 
adequate  legal  education  a  student  must  study  cases — ^the  source 
of  most  of  the  law.  Not  the  capacity  to  state  a  principle  in  an 
approved  memorized  form,  but  the  ability  to  apply  the  principle 
to  actual  facts  is  what  constitutes  a,  lawyer.  As  in  natural  science, 
eo  in  law,  dividing  lines  are  shadowy.  It  is  often  as  difficult  to  dx 
the  precise  boundary  between  legal  right  and  legal  wrong  as  that 
between  the  animal  and  the  vegetable  kingdom.  Only  by  observ- 
ing the  applications  made  by  the  courts  of  the  principles  which 
they  lay  down  can  a  student  acquire  an  adequate  idea  of  where 
dividing  lines  should  be  drawn. 

The  development  of  the  case  system  of  study  and  teaching  has 
resulted  in  an  enormous  improvement  in  the  capacity  of  graduates 
of  the  best  law  schools.  It  is  often  stated  that  a  student  on 
leaving  the  law  school  has  but  a  small  accumulation  of  knowl- 
edge of  the  law,  which  he  will  increase  as  the  years  go  by  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession.  This  is  misleading.  A  third  year 
law  student  in  one  of  our  better  law  schools,  on  graduation, 
knows  more  in  the  way  of  legal  principle  and  theory  than  he- 
will  ever  know  again.  This  may  make  distinguished  members  of 
the  profession  smUe,  but  if  they  will  take  a  series  of  the  examina- 
tion papers  which  our  students  pass  and  look  them  over  care- 
fully, with  a  view  to  writing  adequate  answers,  they  will  be 
likely  to  take  my  statement  seriously.  How  many  members  of  the 
Bar  in  good  standing,  with  Bar  examinations  years  behind  them, 
would  be  wilUng  to  wager  that  they  could  pass  now  the  Bar 
examinations  in  a  state  where  such  examinations  are  as  rigid 
as  they  are  in  many  places — though  nowhere  are  they  as  severe 
as  in  the  law  schools  of  the  highest  grade. 

I  must  not  be  imderstood  to  make  a  broader  statement  than  I 
intend.  After  admission  to  the  Bar  lawyers  learn  practice  and 
procedure  and  methods  of  applying  their  legal  knowledge  most 
effectively.  They  also  learn  how  the  business  affairs  of  life  are 
conducted  of  which  law  students  are  not  infrequently  very  igno- 
rant. On  certain  topics  in  which  they  happen  to  become  specialists 
they  learn  the  law  with  a  thoroughness  and  detail  whidi  no  law 


504  8PB0IAL  CONFEBBNGB  ON  LEGAL  EDUCATION. 

student  can  eqaal ;  but  for  a  broad  oonspectua  of  legal  principle 
and  theory,  the  Iaw  student  on  graduation  almost  invariably  is, 
as  I  have  said,  at  a  higher  mark  than  he  is  likely  again  to  attain. 

Now  it  is  at  best  a  hard  test  for  banners,  to  plunge  them  into 
the  law  reports  and  endeavor  to  make  them  extract  from  the 
decisions  the  meaning  that  is  in  them.  If  the  work  is  well  done 
the  student  must  learn  to  extract  this  meaning  himself,  not 
merely  be  told  what  the  professor  thinks  about  it,  with  directions 
to  memorize  the  professor's  opinion.  At  the  beginning  the  stu- 
dent will  need  much  help  in  this  work;  as  he  proceeds  he  becomes 
more  independent,  but,  at  best,  it  is  a  severe  intellectual  exercise, 
and  therefore,  as  I  have  said,  a  student  should  have  considerable 
practice  in  using  books  and  extracting  the  meaning  from  the 
written  word  before  being  subjected  to  it.  This  is  merely  saying 
the  same  of  law  books  that  might  be  said  of  any  subject  new  to 
the  student  and  couched  in  difScult  and  technical  terms. 

It  may  be  asked — are  not  the  law  schools  of  which  I  speak 
going  too  far?  Is  it  necessary  for  students  to  learn  so  much? 
It  is  necessary  if  the  law  and  its  practitioners  are  to  be  made 
even  approximately  as  good  as  can  be.  It  is  increasingly  neces- 
sary as  the  years  go  by,  as  law  books  multiply,  as  Ufe  and  busi- 
ness methods  become  more  complex  an'd  as  it  becomes  increasingly 
impossible  for  original  intuition  to  achieve  valuable  results 
unless  accompanied  by  knowledge  of  what  has  been  done  in  the 
past. 

Besides  the  maturity  and  general  intelligence  in  using  books 
and  language  which  may  be  expected  from  one  who  has  had 
some  college  training,  and  which  are  lees  likely  to  be  found  when 
one  has  not  had  this  advantage,  the  specific  studies  which  are 
taught  in  college  have  a  distinct,  though  often  indirect,  bearing 
on  the  work  which  a  lawyer  is  called  upon  to  do.  As  rules  of 
law  are  merely  rules  governing  the  life  of  a  community,  all  knowl- 
edge relating  to  the  Ufe  of  the  oommunily  is  of  indirect  advantage 
to  the  lawyer.  Rules  of  law  should  coincide  with  wise  economic 
policy,  and  one  who  has  no  conception  of  economic  policy  is  not 
a  well-trained  lawyer.  This  is  more  apparent  in  some  branches 
of  the  law  than  in  others — ^labor  disputes,  railway  administration, 
restraint  of  monopolistic  combinations,  all  involve  fundamentally 
economic  questions,  and  law  must  be  brought  into  harmony  with 


SPBOIAL  OOKFBBJSNOB  OK  LBQAL  BDUOATION.  505 

a  wise  economic  solution  of  such  questions.  One  who  has  had 
no  college  training  is  not  likely  to  have  an  intelligent  under- 
standing of  economic  theory  on  which  to  base  a  study  of  the  law 
governing  such  problems^  and  few  indeed  are  those  for  whom 
the  possibility  of  broad  systematic  study  has  not  ended  when 
they  begin  the  actual  practice  of  their  profession.  The  study  of 
histoiy  also  furnishes  a  background  enabling  the  student  in  his 
technical  studies  to  grasp  better  the  idea  that  legal  prindples 
are  an  evolution^  that  in  varying  degrees  they  are  always  influx 
and  must  be  studied  with  reference  to  time>  place,  and  dieum- 
stances,  and  adapted  to  them. 

More  important  even  than  these  special  studies  is  the  capacity 
to  use  the  English  language.  To  read  it  understandingly,  to 
write  it  and  speak  it  correctly  and  effectively.  While  it  mu^t 
be  sadly  admitted  that  college  students  are  frequently  defective 
in  these  respects,  at  least  they  are  better  than  those  who  have 
not  had  college  training. 

It  may  be  asked>  are  there  not  other  and  better  ways  to  secure 
desired  results  than  through  an  imposed  rigid  requirement  of 
college  training.  On  the  whole,  the  answer  must  be/' No.''  It  is 
not  possible  by  examination  to  ascertain  the  student's  pro- 
ficiency with  any  degree  of  accuracy,  and  the  element  of  time 
spent  in  studious  pursuits  is  in  itself  of  great  importance. 

It  will  be  urged  that  though  the  preliminary  training  sug- 
gested may  be  desirable  or>  indeed,  necessary  for  many  or  most 
students,  some  at  least  are  perfectly  able  to  undertake  the  study 
of  law  even  under  the  strenuous  conditions  now  existing  in  the 
best  law  schools,  and  to  profit  by  it.  It  must  be  freely  admitted 
that  there  are  such  young  men.  There  is  no  doubt  that  high 
native  ability  is  even  more  important  than  preparatory  training 
and  that  some  students  that  have  had  no  college  education  will 
surpass  many  who  have  had  a  full  term  at  college.  This  does  not 
dispose  of  the  question,  however.  The  question  is  not  whether 
such  brilliant  yoimg  men  can  with  some  degree  of  success  master 
the  required  legal  studies,  but  rather  will  they  be  much  the  better 
for  having  had  two  years  of  college  work;  and  in  regard  to  this 
I  think  the  answer  should  not  be  doubtful.  For  the  very  reason 
that  their  distinguished  natural  talent  would  enable  them  to  do 
better  than  most  of  their  companions,  so  they  would  derive  from 


506  8PBCIAL  CONFBBSNOB  ON  LEGAL  KDUOATION. 

t^o  years  work  in  college  greater  benefits  than  other  men.  These 
brilliant  jcontbs  are  the  very  ones  whose  wings  should  not  be 
clipped  by  permitting  inadequate  preparation.  That  their  reso- 
lution to  study  law  will  be  affected  by  a  higher  requirement  than 
has  prevailed  in  the  past,  is  extremely  imlikely.  They  will  fulfill 
a  new  requirement  as  in  the  past  they  have  fulfilled  lesser  require- 
ments, and  they  will  have  permanent  cause  to  be  grateful  to 
those  who  refuse  to  allow  them  to  enter  into  a  profession  with 
inadequate  training. 

Moreover,  rules  must  be  judged  by  their  general  effect. 
Lawyers  do  not  need  to  be  told  that  ihe  best  rule  may  not  work 
happily  in  every  case  and  that  effects  must  be  considered  as  a 
whole. 

This  question  is  not  wholly  one  of  theorizing.  There  are  many 
law  schools  in  the  countiy  which  have  had  experience  which 
should  enable  their  teachers  to  give  opinions  of  value.  A  large 
proportion  of  the  leading  law  schools  of  the  United  States  now 
require  a  college  degree,  or  at  least  two  years  of  college  educa- 
tion, as  a  prerequisite  for  admission.  Thirty  years  ago  not  a 
single  law  school  had  this  requirement.  Very  many  teachers  of 
law,  therefore,  have  had  pupils  admitted  without  college  train- 
ing, and  have  subsequently  had  opportunity  to  observe  the  effect 
of  requiring  college  work  as  a  prerequisite  to  admission. 

I  am  not  in  a  position  to  give  statistics,  except  with  reference 
to  the  Harvard  Law  School,  but  I  think  I  may  say,  without  fear 
of  contradiction  from  those  who  have  had  such  experience  as  I 
speak  of,  that  a  number  of  men  are  eliminated  who  would  better 
never  have  studied  law  because  of  their  inferior  mental  equip- 
ment, and  that  the  better  class  of  students  is  improved  by  longer 
preliminary  education.  As  to  the  Harvard  Law  School,  our 
secretary  has  prepared  a  brief  table  showing  the  results  actually 
achieved  by  those  in  the  school  who  had  a  college  degree,  and  by 
those  who  had  not.  Practically  none  of  the  latter  had  any 
college  training;  but  most  of  them  had  a  high  school  education, 
and  as  a  prerequisite  to  admission  were  required  to  pass  an 
examination  in  Latin,  French  and  Blackstone. 

I  should  say  further  that  in  the  Harvard  Law  School  at  the 
time  of  these  figures  75  per  cent  was  an  honor  mark  attained  by 
few  and  50  per  cent  was  required  for  a  bare  passing  mark. 


SPBOIAL  GOKFSRBNGB  ON  LBGAL  BDUOAOlOK.  S07 

Comparison  of  the  work  of  college  graduates  with  non-gradu- 
ates entering  the  Harvard  Law  School  in  the  years  189^1896 : 

College  grftdnates  Non-gradofttes 

r  '                                  ^"  '\f'                       A.,             ,          ^ 

No.  of  gradiMtes  No.  of  non-gradaates 

in  first  year  Average          in  first  year          Average 

Year                             class  grade                 elass                   grade 

1882 89  67%  17  60% 

1893 88  66%  18  68% 

1894 97  64%  19  67% 

1896 99  66%  88  64% 

1886. 138  66%  43  67% 

Chairman  Taf  t : 

Now  I  have  the  pleasure  of  introducing  Qovemor  Balston,  of 
Indiana,  to  speak  on  the  subject  before  the  house. 

Samuel  M.  Balston^  of  Indiana : 

The  Constitution  of  Indiana  provides  that  any  man  may  be 
admitted  to  practice  law  who  has  a  good  moral  character. 

•The  justification  of  requiring  two  years  of  college  training  in 
view  of  the  technical  education  necessary  to  make  an  efficient 
lawyer  has  been  ably  maintained  by  the  paper  we  have  just  heard. 
The  speaker  has  long  adorned  the  legal  profession,  and  his  serv- 
ices as  a  teacher  and  author  have  placed  not  only  the  legal  profes- 
sion, but  our  country,  imder  obligations  to  him.  Whatever  he 
says  on  any  subject  is  entitled  to  the  most  respectful  consideration. 

Neither  the  paper  nor  the  subject  it  treats  can  be  given  a  very 
full  consideration  in  the  few  minutes  allowed  me.  I  have  no 
doubt,  however,  that  others  will  speak  on  the  subject — some  in 
favor  of  the  position  taken  by  the  speaker  and  some  against  it, 
BO  that  by  the  time  the  discussion  closes,  we  wiU  all  have  a  fairly 
definite  notion  on  which  side  of  the  line  we  desire  to  stand. 

When  I  was  invited  to  open  this  discussion,  I  recalled  that  the 
subject  we  are  considering  was  before  the  American  Bar  Associa- 
tion at  its  last  annual  meeting,  and  upon  consulting  the  report  of 
that  meeting,  I  was  impressed  that  the  last  word  had  then  been 
spoken,  both  for  and  against  the  proposition,  namely,  that  before 
one  should  be  permitted  to  take  up  the  study  of  the  law,  he 
should  have  had  two  years  college  experience  and  training. 

All  will  concede  that  the  more  liberally  a  boy  is  educated, 
before  he  begins  the  study  of  the  law,  the  more  easily  he  will 
master  legal  questions  and  become  an  efficient  lawyer. 


508      8PB0IAL  CONFEBBKGB  ON  LBOAL  KDUCATION. 

The  question  presented  bj  the  paper,  however,  is  not  whether 
a  well  rounded  out  education  is  a  thing  to  be  desired,  before  the 
study  of  the  law  is  entered  upon — that  is  conceded  by  all — ^but 
it  is  contended  therein  that  two  years  college  training  shall  be 
a  prerequisite  to  entering  upon  the  study  of  the  law.  In  other 
words,  tiie  boy  who  hae  not  had  two  years  college  training  shall 
not  be  permitted  to  qualify  himself  for  the  legal  profession,  if 
the  advocates  of  a  two-year  college  course  have  their  way,  even 
though  he  has  a  better  basis  on  which  to  build  a  legal  training 
than  has  the  chap  with  two  years'  experience  in  college  to  his 
credit. 

Perhaps  my  statement  is  broader  than  the  language  of  the 
paper,  but  I  do  not  mean  it  to  be.  You  have  in  mind  the  word- 
ing of  the  proposition  we  are  considering,  and  you  remember 
that  in  his  first  paragraph,  the  speaker  informs  us  that  ^^  There 
are  more  reasons  than  one  which  make  it  desirable  that  one  who 
proposes  to  study  law  should  have  at  least  two  years  of  coll<)ge 
experience  and  training.''  The  implication  from  this  is  that  if 
one,  proposing  to  study  law,  has  not  had  two  years'  college  train- 
ing, he  should  neither  be  permitted  to  enter  a  law  school  nor  to 
take  up  the  law  as  a  profession. 

A  law  school  supported  by  private  funds  has  the  right,  of 
course,  to  'fix  its  own  standard  of  admission  for  those  desiring 
its  advantages  with  the  view  of  becoming  lawyers,  but  I  maintain 
that  no  institution,  supported  by  public  funds  should  say  to  an 
American  boy  that  he  cannot  become  a  lawyer,  unless  he  first 
wrestles  for  two  years  with  a  college  curriculum. 

I  believe  in  colleges,  and  I  endorse  the  wonderfiQ  work  they 
are  doing,  but  I  am  not  willing  that  even  a  college  shall  bar  a 
boy  from  becoming  a  lawyer  who  has  not  been  fortunate  enough 
to  avail  himself  of  collegiate  training  for  two  years. 

There  is  much  in  this  paper  that  I  heartily  endorse.  I  concede 
that  college  training  will  mature  the  judgment  of  a  student,  and 
sound  judgment  is  essential  to  the  lawyer.  I  concede  that  col- 
lege experience  will  enable  a  student  of  the  law  to  make  better 
use  of  legal  textbooks  and  law  reports,  and  to  become  more 
familiar  with  economic  and  social  questions,  and  that  these  will 
add  to  his  equipment  as  a  lawyer.  Certainly  it  is  true,  as  the 
paper  suggests,  that  a  college  education  will  be  of  great  ad- 


8PS0IAL  CONFBBBNCE  ON  LBOAL  BDUCATION.      509 

vantage  to  one  who  deares  to  be  admitted  to  the  Bar,  but  if  he 
has  not  been  fortunate  enough  to  have  been  schooled  in  a  ooUege, 
is  it  right  or  wise  to  deny  him  admission  to  a  law  school  or  to 
the  Bar,  when  he  shows  that  he  is  mentally  equipped  for  such 
admission?  There  is  no  rule  of  justice  that  will  withhold  from 
him  the  right  of  admission  in  either  case,  on  the  ground  that 
he  has  not  had  two  years'  experience  in  college. 

I  would  not  leave  the  impression  that  I  am  indifferent  as  to 
whether  a  law  student  has  had  the  helpful  assistance  of  a  law 
school  or  not.  Law  schools  afford  their  students  very  great 
advantages  and  qualify  them,  as  a  rule,  much  better  than  a  boy 
can  be  qualified  for  the  law  in  a  law  office.  In  truth,  I  believe  so 
strongly  in  the  work  of  law  schools,  that  I  do  not  want  to  see 
them  fix  their  standards  so  high  that  none  but  boys  who  enjoy 
liberal  financial  means,  or  who  subject  themselves  to  severe  hard- 
ships, can  hope  to  receive  a  law  diploma. 

It  smacks  of  a  tragedy  to  say  to  a  worthy  and  ambitious  youth 
that  he  has  the  ability  to  do  the  work  of  a  law  school,  but  that  be 
cannot  get  a  law  sdiool  education  because  he  has  not  had  two 
years^  training  in  college,  or  that  he  cannot  qualify  himself  for 
the  Bar  for  the  same  reason. 

While  I  do  not  advocate  a  low  standard  of  mental  equipment 
and  training  for  lawyers,  and  freely  admit  the  probability  of 
better  service  being  rendered  by  attorneys  of  exceptional  qualifi- 
cations, I  take  the  position  that  an  arbitrary  requirement  of 
two  years  college  training  is  not  the  proper  solution  and  in 
many  cases  would  result  in  unnecessary  hardship. 

Admission  to  the  Bar  is  often  perfunctory  and  signifies  no 
particular  preparation  for  the  practice  of  the  law.  This  is  not 
as  it  should  be.  A  standard  for  admission  to  the  Bar,  showing 
a  liberal  preparation  to  practice  law,  should  be  maintained  by 
each  of  the  states,  but  such  a  standard  should  be  satisfied  when 
it  discloses  the  requisite  ability  for  the  practice  of  the  law,  with- 
out regard  to  how  that  ability  was  acquired. 

The  admission  requirements  should  tmdoubtedly  include  a 
good  elementary  education,  the  knowledge  of  how  to  find  the  law, 
and  the  ability  to  interpret  correctly  statements  of  legal  prin- 
ciples and  important  decisions  and  statutes,  and  to  know  the  basic 
principles  of  the  common  law.     The  ability  to  analyze,  dis- 


610  SPECIAL  CONFBRBNOB  OK  LEGAL  EDUCATION. 

tinguish,  and  apply  principles  is  also  essential,  but  it  does  not 
necessarily  follow  that  these  prerequisites  can  be  acquired  only 
by  first  pursuing  two  years  of  collegiate  work. 

The  requirements  I  suggest  will  meet  the  rule  of  fairness 
exacted  by  a  sound  Americanism,  and  will  develop  a  class  of 
lawyers  sufBciently  qualified  to  safeguard  the  rights  of  litigants 
and  wisely  to  coxmsel  those  seeking  legal  advice  with  the  hope 
that  they  may  avoid  being  drawn  into  the  courts.  If  lawyers  can 
be  brought  to  average  up  to  the  standard  these  requirements 
would  establish,  the  legal  profession  would  be  able  to  discharge 
its  duty  to  society  and  government. 

And,  after  all,  it  is  the  man  of  average  ability  who  is  the  salt 
of  American  citizenship.  The  average  teacher  in  our  schools 
makes  the  greatest  contribution  in  character  building.  The 
average  farmer,  and  not  exceptionally  superior  farmers,  feed  the 
world,  and  it  is  to  the  average  lawyer,  in  point  of  character  and 
ability,  to  whom  the  people  can  look  with  the  greatest  confidence 
for  the  enactment  of  wholesome  laws  and  the  wise  interpretation 
thereof.  Any  system  of  study  or  training  that  will  produce  this 
kind  of  a  lawyer  should  have  the.  approval  of  the  legal  profession. 

Chairman  Taft : 

Now  we  will  have  the  pleasure  of  hearing  from  another 
Qovemor,  a  gentleman  who  for  some  years  was  Governor  of 
Missouri  and  for  some  years  has  been  at  Boulder,  Colorado,  a 
professor  and  lecturer  at  the  law  school  of  the  universil^  of  that 
state. 

Herbert  S.  Hadlev,  of  Colorado: 

While  on  the  particular  subject  of  legal  education,  I  fear  I 
am  not  qualified  to  speak,  on  the  broader  aspect  on  which  I  have 
been  asked  to  speak,  so  much  has  been  said,  and  well  said,  that  it 
seems  almost  the  work  of  supererogation  to  undertake  to  add 
anything;  but  I  do  feel,  and  feel  strongly,  both  from  my  experi- 
ence of  25  years  at  the  Bar,  and  as  a  public  official  dealing  largely 
with  lawyers  during  the  limited  time  that  it  has  been  my  good 
fortune  to  be  connected  with  education,  the  necessity  of  pre- 
liminary college  training  to  make  a  lawyer  in  the  broadest  and 
best  sense  of  the  word.  But  before  turning  to  that  phase  of  the 
proposition  I  want  to  emphasize  what  the  Chief  Justice  has  said 


SPECIAL  COKF£R£NG£  ON  LEGAL.  EDUCATION.  511 

as  to  the  surplus  of  production  of  lawyers  under  our  present 
system  of  legal  education  and  admission  to  the  Bar.  I  believe 
as  I  have  read  the  literature  of  these  discussions  that  that  point 
has  not  heeh  sufficiently  emphasized. 

Some  years  ago,  as  I  recall  it,  the  ITniversity  of  Michigan 
made  an  investigation  as  to  the  extent  to  which  the  graduates 
of  that  law  school  were  pursuing  the  practice  of  law,  and  it  was 
found  that  10  years  after  graduation  less  than  one  graduate  in 
five  was  then  making  his  living  by  the  practice  of  the  law,  and  it 
would  seem  that  there  is  no  doubt  that  tlie  statistics  of  that 
institution  would  apply  to  other  institutions  of  the  country.  The 
conclusion  is  irresistible  in  my  opinion  that  the  quantity  is 
exceeding  the  demand,  and  the  quantity  is  increasing  rapidly 
today  without  reference  to  the  quality.  It  is  also  interesting  to 
note  that  the  increase  in  the  number  of  law  schoo^  and  the 
increase  in  the  number  of  students  in  the  law  schools  has  gone 
forward  in  about  the  same  proportion  as  the  decrease  in  the 
medical  schools  and  the  decrease  in  attendance  at  medical  schools 
since  the  medical  profession  began  to  put  its  house  in  order. 

Now,  while  I  do  not  mean  to  say  that  the  study  of  the  law, 
even  for  those  who  do  not  practice  it,  is  without  beneficial 
results,  yet  I  do  mean  to  say  that  we  should  maintain  the  law 
schools  for  the  production  of  lawyers.  But  the  question  can,  in 
my  opinion,  be  placed  on  a  much  higher  and  more  controlling 
theory  than  this,  and  that  is  on  the  theory  of  the  welfare  of  our 
profession  and  the  proper  administration  of  justice  in  our  courts. 

It  is  stated  by  the  Chief  Justice  in  his  excellent  introduction 
that  our  profession  is  a  learned  one,  and  I  suppose  that  the 
Chief  Justice  has  the  last  guess  upon  a  question  of  that  kind,  as 
well  as  the  last  guess  upon  the  question  of  what  the  law  is.  But 
I  undertake  to  say — and  I  have  made  inquiries  to  settle  in  my 
own  mind  this  question — that  at  the  present  time — and  I  speak 
particularly  of  the  Central  West,  with  which  territory  I  am 
familiar — no  presumption  of  learning  or  culture  is  indulged  by 
the  general  public  in  favor  of  one  simply  because  he  is  a  lawyer. 
I  might  go  further  and  say  that  no  presumption  is  indulged  in 
favor  of  one  from  the  standpoint  of  moral  character  simply 
because  he  is  a  lawyer. 
17 


512  SPECIAL  GONFEBSNGB  ON  LEGAL  EDUCATION. 

• 

Upon  last  Sunday,  when  I  left  the  City  of  Denver,  I  read  in 
the  newspaper  a^  statement  of  the  District  Attorney  of  that  city, 
a  city  of  300,000  people,  to  the  eflEect  that  after  a  year  and  a 
half  experience  in  the  admitted  enforcement  of  the  criminal 
law  he  had  found  that  the  lawyers  who  represented  the  criminals 
were  as  criminally  disposed  as  the  men  they  were  defending.  I 
can  speak  from  the  standpoint  of  an  experience  of  six  years  of 
trying  to  put  men  in  the  penitentiary,  both  through  the  trial  and 
appellate  courts,  and  four  years'  experience  in  letting  them  out 
of  the  penitentiary,  in  which  I  had  to  examine  a  great  many 
records  in  criminal  prosecution.  I  think  I  am  entirely  con- 
servative when  I  say  that  I  think  in  two-thirds  of  those  cases  in 
which  I  have  had  actual  experience,  I  am  certain  that  in  a 
majority  of  them  perjured  testimony  was  offered  in  behalf  of 
the  defense.  But  the  question  does  not  relate  only  to  the  stand- 
ing of  our  profession,  the  question  concerns  itself  as  to  the  effect 
of  this  condition  upon  the  administration  of  justice,  and,  whether 
or  not  the  opinions  that  I  have  expressed  in  reference  to  the  pro- 
fession are  true,  there  can  be  no  question  of  the  public's  dis- 
satisfaction with  the  administration  of  justice  in  our  courts. 

Why,  Mr.  Chairman,  we  can  eafiily  recall  the  time  10  years 
ago  when  the  paramount  issue — and  paramount  issues,  i^mem- 
ber,  at  that  time,  were  the  questions  in  American  life — ^the 
paramount  issue  in  American  politics  was  the  relation  or  atti- 
tude of  the  American  people  towards  their  courts.  That  dis- 
satisfaction found  expression  along  two  lines:  First,  for  the 
failure  of  the  courts  to  properly  administer  justice  in  ordinary 
civil  and  criminal  cases,  and,  second,  upon  the  ground  that  the 
courts  by  their  reactionary  positions  in  the  decisions  of  ques- 
tions involving  social  and  industrial  justice  were  defeating  the 
will  of  the  majority  in  the  enactment  of  laws  for  the  regulation 
of  those  questions.  The  dissatisfaction  upon  this  latter  ground 
became  so  pronounced  that  it  constituted  one  of  the  leading 
causes  for  the  organization  of  a  great  national  party,  and  one  of 
the  foremost  leaders  of  American  thought  and  action,  Theodore 
Boosevelt,  a  man  who  was  correctly  described  by  one  of  his 
French  admirers  as  "  The  greatest  voice  of  the  Western  World," 
advocated  the  submission  of  the  decisions  of  judges  upon  such 
issues  to  review  by  popular  vote.    And  the  distinguished  Chair- 


SPECIAL  GONFERSirCE  ON  LEGAL  BDUCATION.  613 

man  of  today's  meeting  said  in  a  public  address  that  ''the 
administration  of  criminal  justice  had  practically  broken  down 
of  its  own  weighty  and  that  the  administration  of  criminal  law 
in  all  of  the  states  of  the  union^  with  one  or  two  exceptions, 
was  a  disgrace  to  our  civilization/' 

I  beUeve  that  it  could  be  said  that  no  statement  by  any  public 
man  in  the  last  50  years  upon  a  non-political  issue  attracted  such 
attention  or  has  been  so  often  quoted  as  this  strong  indictment 
of  our  judicial  system  by  Chief  Justice  Taft. 

Now,  with  that  situation  existing,  the  question  arises  has  it 
improved  since  that  time?  Are  the  people,  because  they  are  not 
discussing  such  questions  today,  any  better  satisfied  with  their 
courts  than  they  were  10  years  ago  ?  I  believe  they  are  not.  The 
Great  War,  with  its  aftermath,  has,  of  course,  absorbed  the  atten- 
tion of  the  American  people;  but  that  same  inquisition  of  both 
our  profession  and  the  administration  of  justice  is  going  to  come 
again  and  we  should  be  better  prepared  to  present  an  answer  to 
that  question  when  it  does  arrive  than  we  were  prepared  to  pre- 
sent an  answer  to  it  ten  years  ago. 

The  statistics  which  cover  the  present  situation  of  this  country 
are  likely  in  my  judgment  to  make  this  dissatisfaction  more 
pronounced  than  it  was  then,  for  from  1912  to  1918  there  were 
more  people  murdered  in  this  country  than  there  were  American 
soldiers  killed  in  the  World  War. 

Prosecutions  in  United  States  Courts  increased  from  9500  in 
1912  to  70,000  in  1921,  and  in  1921  the  property  loss  by  reason  of 
thefts  from  public  transportation  companies  reached  the  immense 
sum  of  $100,000,000. 

Now  the  question  is  what  is  the  remedy,  what  is  the  correct 
tion  for  those  conditions — ^because  our  profession  cannot  escape 
responsibility  for  the  administration  of  justice  in  our  courts. 
Men  who  preside  over  the  courts  of  this  country  are  taken  ex- 
clusively from  the  members  of  our  profession.  The  active 
agencies  who  present  the  questions  of  law  and  of  fact  for  adjudi- 
cation by  the  courts  are  members  of  our  profession.  And,  in 
the  final  analysis,  we  must  answer  and  accept  responsibility* 

I  do  not  mean  to  say,  in  suggesting  that  education  is  the 
remedy,  that  an  educated  man  is  always  a  good  man  or  an  able 
one,  because  I  have  known  many  men  who  spent  a  number  of 


514  SPECIAL  CONFERENCE  ON  LEGAL  EDUCATION. 

years  at  Harvard  and  never  acquired  anything  except  an  accent, 
and  I  have  known  many  men  who  attended  Yale  and  Princeton 
without  any  result  except  to  be  able  to  smoke  a  pipe  with  distinc- 
tion. And  yet  unless  the  whole  theory  of  our  government,  unless 
the  whole  theory  of  our  system  of  public  education  is  wrong,  the 
solution,  and  the  only  solution  of  this  problem,  is  education  and 
more  education. 

There  is  even  yet  a  broader  view  than  I  have  stated  in  refer- 
ence to  this  question  of  higher  educational  standards  for  our 
profession.  The  theory  of  democracy,  as  James  Bryce  says  in 
his  very  able  discussion  of  the  subject,  "  is  that  the  right  to  vote 
will  carry  with  it  the  will  to  vote,  and  that  the  will  to  vote  should 
go  hand  in  hand  with  the  ability  to  understand  the  questions  to  be 
decided.*' 

When  Great  Britain  took  her  first  step  towards  universal 
suffrage,  Robert  Lowe,  one  of  the  leaders  in  opposition,  declared 
in  Parliament,  "  Educate  your  masters.'*  The  justification  of  the 
expenditures  in  this  coxmtry  of  more  money  by  the  state  and  local 
governments  upon  the  support  of  education  than  in  the  support 
of  any  other,  and  in  many  cases  than  of  all  the  other  departments, 
of  government,  is  that  we  must  have  an  educated  electorate;  and 
to  be  educated,  it  is  not  suflScient,  as  Mark  Twain  said,  to  be 
able  to  sign  your  name  without  sticking  out  your  tongue.  An 
educated  voter  does  not  mean  one  with  merely  the  ability  to  read 
and  write.  It  means  one  with  a  mental  development,  capable  of 
anderstandiug  and  deciding  public  questions  and  voting  upon 
them  understandingly,  and  particularly  is  it  necessary  for  the 
welfare  of  our  country  that  the  lawyers  should  be  educated  men  in 
the  broadest  and  the  best  meaning  of  that  term.  All  the  members 
of  one  department  of  our  government  come  from  our  profession ; 
two-thirds  of  the  executives  of  the  states  of  the  union,  I  believe, 
come  from  our  profession,  and  if  we  have  not  furnished  the 
majority  of  the  members  of  the  legislative  bodies,  both  the 
National  Legislative  Body  and  the  legislative  bodies  in  the 
states,  we  have  certainly  furnished  a  larger  number  to  such 
bodies  than  any  other  single  profession  or  trade  or  occupation. 
In  one  sense  the  majority  of  the  members  of  our  profession  con- 
stitute a  governing  class,  and  as  De  Tocqueville  said,  we  con- 
stitute a  counterpoise  for  democracy.    If  our  system  of  jurispru- 


d^lSGlAL  GONFEEENOB  ON  LEGAL  EDUCATION.  615 

dence  was  a  set  of  arbitrary  ndes^  if  it  was  founded  only  on  logic 
or  philosophy,  it  might  be  properly  mastered  and  practiced  by 
uneducated  men.  But  it  is  not.  It  is  the  product  of  the  lives 
and  hopes,  the  struggles  and  aspirations  of  those  who  have  lived 
and  wrought  since  civilization  began.  And  what  is  true  of  the 
problems  of  the  law  is  true  of  problems  of  government. 

And  therefore  unless  our  very  theory  of  government  is  wrong, 
unless  OUT  theory  of  public  education  is  wrong,  the  need  of  higher 
standards  for  admission  to  the  practice  of  the  law  is  cleHrly 
evident. 

Mr.  Chairman,  if  I  may  trespass  a  moment,  I  want  to  say  a 
word  in  conclusion  in  reference  to  the  practical  side  of  this  ques- 
tion— and  I  trust  in  dealing  with  this  problem  we  are  all  practi- 
cal men. 

This  work  of  bringing  about  the  raising  of  the  standards  for 
admission  to  the  study  of  law  and  for  admission  to  the  practice 
of  law  I  believe  is  peculiarly  the  work  of  the  American  B^r  Asso- 
ciation. I  do  not  believe  ^he  members  of  this  Association  under- 
estimate the  difficulties  that  confront  them.  We  will  find  in  the 
Supreme  Courts,  where  they  deal  with  the  question,  mostly  men^ 
who  were  educated  under  the  old  system  of  the  inadequate  law 
school  or  the  law  office.  We  will  find  in  the  legislatures  the 
country  lawyer  whose  legal  and  general  education  has  not  been 
extensive,  and  it  will  be  a  difficult  proposition  to  secure  the  rules 
necessary  for  the  accomplifihment  of  the  result.  But  the  work 
of  the  medical  profession  in  what  they  have  accomplished  in  the 
correction  of  their  conditions,  the  history  of  the  last  four  amend- 
ments to  the  Federal  Constitution,  and  particularly  the  Eigh- 
teenth Amendment  to  the  Federal  Constitution,  show  what  can 
be  accomplished  and  how  quickly  by  men  who  know  what  they 
want  and  are  determined  to  secure  it.  In  this  work  in  my  judg- 
ment we  should  heed  the  Scriptural  admonition  that  no  man 
having  put  his  hand  to  the  plow  and  turning  back  is  fit  for  the 
Kingdom  of  God. 

Chairman  Taft : 

The  second  topic  is  the  effect  of  college  experience  and  training 
in  developing  the  desire  and  ability  to  understand  and  maintain 
high  ideals  of  professional  conduct.  This  is  a  topic  to  be  intro- 
duced by  Mr.  Silas  Strawn,  of  Illinois. 


516  SPECIAL  CONFEBBNOB  ON  LBQAL  BDUCATION. 

Silas  H.  Strawn,  of  Illinois : 

For  more  than  30  years  I  have  been  actively  engaged  in  the 
general  practice  of  the  law  in  the  City  of  Chicago.  During  that 
entire  period  it  has  been  a  part  of  my  duty,  as  well  as  my  pleasure 
and  privilege^  to  direct  the  work  of  an  average  nimiber  of  26 
lawyers  born  and  educated  in  different  parts  of  the  United  States. 
They  have  had  all  of  the  different  d^rees  of  education,  both 
preliminary  and  legal.  There  have  been  graduates  from  the 
great  universities  of  this  country  and  of  England  who  have  sub- 
sequently taken  degrees  from  our  principal  law  schools.  There 
have  been  graduates  of  part-time  law  schools  and  of  evening  law 
schools,  with  and  without  the  advantage  of  a  preliminary  train- 
ing either  in  a  college  or  a  high  school.  There  have  been  others 
who  have  graduated  from  part-time  or  night  law  schools  after 
having  had  preliminary  college  experience.  And  there  have  been 
still  others  who  have  acquired  their  legal  training  in  an  office, 
without  ever  having  attended  a  law  school  or  a  college. 

That  a  college  experience  and  training  develops  the  desire  and 
ability  to  maintain  high  ideals  of  professional  conduct  seems  to 
me  incontrovertible.  If  this  conclusion  is  not  sound,  then  it 
necessarily  follows  that  all  education  and  all  systematic  training 
and  discipline  is  a  failure. 

A  college  education  presupposes : 

1.  Advantageous  environment. 

2.  Opportunity  for  systematic  mental  discipline. 

Can  there  be  any  argument  upon  the  proposition  that  a  student 
in  almost  any  college  or  university  has  not  a  tremendous  advan- 
tage in  the  development  of  habits  of  application,  concentration, 
industry,  manliness,  courage,  frankness  and,  indeed,  everything 
that  goes  to  make  for  general  culture,  influence  and  power  over 
him  who  is  not  surrounded  by  the  daily  atmosphere  of  college 
life  ?  The  college  age  is  when  the  youthful  mind  is  most  forma- 
tive and  receptive. 

Cardinal  Newman  well  said : 

'^  The  practical  business  of  a  university  is  training  good  mem- 
bers of  society College  honor  is  the  keenest  in  the  com- 
munity and  no  higher  ideals  can  be  found  on  earth  than  in  the 
best  thought  of  our  best  tmiversities.'^ 


SPBOIAL  CONFEBENCB  ON  LEGAL  EDUGATIOK.  617 

Therefore,  it  seems  unnecessary  to  argue  that  a  college  affords 
an  advantageous  moral  environment.  Every  one  must  admit 
that  fact. 

That  the  college  or  university  affords  an  opportunity  for  better 
mental  discipline  is  also  an  undeniable  truth.  However  natur- 
ally able  or  industrious  the  student's  mind  may  be,  it  must 
inevitably  follow  that  the  application  of  that  mind  in  an  orderly, 
systematic  way  all  of  the  time  will  produce  infinitely  better 
results  than  will  its  application  at  mil  or  but  part  of  the  time. 

It  has  been  my  invariable  experience  that,  given  two  minds  of 
approximately  equal  inherent  capacity,  the  college  trained  mind 
when  brought  to  bear  upon  the  solution  of  any  problem  requiring 
concentration  and  orderly  thought  will  demonstrate  greater 
efficiency  than  the  mind  without  that  training.  It  is  also  true 
that  in  the  practice  of  the  law  the  college  trained  mind  manifests 
higher  moral  conceptions  and  a  keener  appreciation  of  the  ideals 
of  the  profession. 

Although  to  say  it  is  trite,  nevertheless  too  much  emphasis 
cannot  be  laid  upon  the  fact  that  the  law  is  a  learned  profession. 

Never  in  the  history  of  the  world  have  the  requirements  fo^ 
the  successful  practice  of  the  law  been  so  exacting.  With  the 
constantly  increasing  complexity  of  our  governmental  machinery 
and  the  creation  of  bureaus  and  commissions  to  perform  the 
various  functions  of  the  nation  and  the  several  states,  the  prepa- 
ration of  the  lawyer  of  today  to  do  the  work  required  of  him 
never  ends. 

To  meet  the  requirements  of  the  modem  captain  of  industry 
(whom  we  lawyers  must  admit  to  be  our  source  of  supply),  the 
lawyer  must  not  only  be  more  familiar  with  the  general  prin- 
ciples applicable  to  the  business  of  the  client  than  is  the  client 
himself,  but,  in  addition,  he  must  bring  to  the  solution  of  the 
many  problems  with  which  he  is  daily  confronted  a  broad,  gen- 
eral knowledge  of  what  is  going  on  in  business,  political  and 
financial  affairs  not  only  in  our  own  country,  but  throughout 
the  world. 

The  lawyer  is  frequently  referred  to  by  his  client  as  the  one 

who  "  keeps  him  out  of  jail.*'    This  does  not  necessarily  mean 

the  client  is  morally  oblique  and  that  the  lawyer  enables  him  to 

evade  the  letter  of  the  law.    It  is  because  the  lawyer  has  a  broader 

t 


518      SPECIAL  CONFEBBNCE  ON  LEGAL  EDUCATION. 

vision  and  a  better  knowledge  of  the  essential  difference  between 
right  and  wrong.  It  sometimes  becomes  his  duty  to  impress 
upon  the  client  that  '^honesty  is  the  best  commercial  policy/' 
I  say  commercial  policy  and  thereby  avoid  the  realm  of  con- 
troversy into  which  he  might  be  precipitated  if  he  dealt  with 
relative  morals. 

No  lawyer  can  expect  to  attain  any  considerable  degree  of 
success  unless  he  commences  his  professional  studies  with  the 
background  of  a  faithfully  pursued  college  course. 

We  hear  the  argument  that  the  poor  cannot  afford  to  engage 
an  expensive  lawyer  and  that  to  supply  this  demand  there  must 
come  to  the  Bar  practitioners  who  have  so  small  an  amount 
invested  in  education  that  they  can  afford  to  sell  their  services 
cheaply.  I  submit  this  is  a  mistaken  idea  of  helpfulness.  Can 
any  one  deny  that  a  cheap  lawyer  is  an  expensive  luxury  ?  Is  it 
not  frequently  true  that  the  so-called  cheap  lavryer  charges  more 
for  his  services  than  the  capable  one  ?  There  are  two  reasons  for 
this:  (a)  His  experience  and  practice  are  so  limited  that  he 
has  no  opportunity  to  acquire  any  sense  of  proportion  as  to  the 
relative  importance  of  the  services  performed  by  him,  and  (b) 
be  has  not  developed  the  requisite  moral  conscience  or  ideal  of 
professional  conduct  to  overcome  his  inherent  predatory  desire  to 
follow  the  advice  of  Mr.  Means  in  the  Hoosier  School  Master, 
"  Git  a  plenty  while  you're  gittin,  I  say  to  Mitandy.'* 

The  deplorable  truth  is  that  the  poor  generally  pay  more  for 
less  efficient  legal  service,  rendered  by  incompetent  lawyers,  than 
the  well-to-do  pay  for  similar  services  rendered  by  lawyers  of 
recognized  ability  and  standing  at  the  Bar. 

The  major  portion  of  the  vast  amount  of  corrective  work  per- 
formed by  the  Chicago  Bar  Association  consists  in  the  restoration 
to  unfortunates  of  money  and  property  of  which  they  have  been 
robbed  by  unscrupulous  lawyers  who  regard  their  license  to 
practice  their  profession  as  a  license  to  loot. 

For  two  years  it  was  my  privilege  to  serve  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Character  and  Fitness  of  candidates  for  admission 
to  the  Bar  of  the  State  of  Illinois.  During  that  time  there  came 
before  our  committee  more  than  400  applicants.  Speaking  gen- 
erally, the  weakness  of  the  character  and  fitness  of  these  appli- 
cants did   not   consist  in  their  lack  of  technical  knowledge 


SPECIAL  (JONFEREXCE  ON  LEGAL  EDUCATION.  519 

requisite  to  pass  their  examinations.  It  was  because  they  were 
lacking  in  the  appreciation  of  the  ethics  of  the  profession  and  of 
the  moral  obligations  which  rests  upon  a  member  of  the  Bar. 
Many  of  them  were  imbued  by  a  desire  to  take  a  short  cut  to  a 
license  because  they  craved  the  opportunity  to  prey  upon  clients. 
Others  regarded  admission  to  the  Bar  as  a  badge  of  honor  with- 
out any  appreciation  of  its  attendant  responsibilities. 

It*  was  our  unvarying  experience  that  the  lack  of  ability  to 
distinguish  between  right  and  wrong  and  the  failure  to  realize 
the  ideals  of  the  profession  were  most  prevalent  among  those  who 
did  not  have  a  college  training. 

Therefore,  while  it  may  be  admitted  that  there  are  exceptions 
to  the  rule,  and  that  a  college  education  with  its  advantageous 
environment  and  disciplinary  opportunities  does  not  always  over- 
come an  inherent  moral  obliquity,  I  submit  there  can  be  no 
supportable  argument  against  the  proposition  that  a  college  ex- 
perience and  training  necessarily  develops  "  the  desire  and  the 
ability  to  understand  and  maintain  high  ideals  of  professional 
conduct.*' 

Chairman  Taf t : 

The  next  subject  for  discussion  is  that  of  the  economic  con- 
ditions and  educational  opportunities  in  the  United  States 
which  enable  the  ambitious  boy  of  small  means  to  obtain  at  least 
two  years  of  college  training.  The  topic  will  be  introduced  by 
James  B.  Angell,  President  of  Yale  University. 

James  B.  Angell,  of  Connecticut : 

The  cost  of  professional  education  in  the  United  States  has  in 
recent  years  been  rapidly  advancing.  This  fact  reflects  in  part 
the  general  rise  in  the  cost  of  commodities  and  of  services  of  all 
kinds  and  in  part  the  raising  of  standards  for  entrance  into  the 
professions.  We  have  not  as  yet  reached  a  state  of  equilibnmi 
in  either  of  these  factors,  and  any  statements  which  are  made 
today  will  presumably  be  subject  to  substantial  revision  a  decade 
hence.  Nevertheless  there  are  certain  general  tendencies  dis- 
cernible whose  fiscal  aspects  can  be  evaluated  with  measurable 
certainty ;  and  in  response  to  the  invitation  of  the  officers  of  this 
Association,  I  shall  attempt  with  some  misgivings  to  discuss 
briefly  the  subject  indicated  by  the  title  of  my  paper. 


520  8r£CIAL  CONFEilSKCB  ON  LEGAL  EDUCATION. 

I  understand  the  premise  upon  which  the  discussions  of  this 
paper  are  predicated  is  that  applicants  for  admission  to  the  Bar 
shall  be  graduates  from  a  reputable  law  school,  entrance  to  which 
requires  at  least  two  years  of  college  training.  Assuming  that  the 
average  boy  at  present  enters  college  at  about  18,  it  would  follow 
that  under  this  program  he  would  be  20  years  of  age  before  be- 
ginning the  explicit  study  of  the  law,  would  be  at  least  23  upon 
graduation  from  the  law  school,  which  it  is  assumed  would  eom- 
ply  with  the  present  three-year  curriculum  of  the  better  schools. 
Men  possessing  real  capacity  and  enjoying  reasonable  fortune 
in  the  securing  of  openings  for  practice  might  then  perhaps  expect 
within  another  two  years  to  be  fairly  on  their  feet  financially 
and  to  be  no  longer  a  charge  upon  their  parents  or  guardians, 
nor  under  further  obligation  to  support  themselves  by  other  than 
their  professional  work.  How  soon  they  can  afford  to  marry  and 
assume  the  costs  of  rearing  a  family  is  another  matter,  but 
one  whose  social  aspects  are  assuredly  of  prime  consequence  in 
this  entire  problem.  It  may  be  that,  quite  apart  from  the  cost  of 
the  two  additional  years  required  for  collegiate  training  under 
the  program  we  are  discussing,  the  mere  extension  of  the  time  de- 
manded would  prove  a  critical  element  in  the  minds  of  many 
young  men.  Evidently  scholarships  and  the  like  would  have  no 
bearing  whatever  upon  this  consideration.  Possibly  this  factor 
may  preserve  to  a  useful  trade  some  men  who  otherwise  might 
attempt  to  adorn  the  Bar.  It  is  a  common  saying  at  the  present 
time  that  no  intellectually  competent  lad,  who  enjoys  moderate 
physical  health,  need  be  debarred  from  a  collegiate  education,  if 
he  is  really  eager  to  secure  it.  I  think  this  statement  is  wholly 
inside  the  facts,  although  it  perhaps  suggests  a  smoother  path 
than  often  lies  before  the  impecunious  boy,  particularly  if  he 
does  not  enjoy  the  gift  for  making  friendships  and  in  general  gain- 
ing the  confidence  and  regard  of  these  among  whom  he  is  thrown. 
All  of  us  who  have  had  extended  experience  in  collegiate  affairs  can 
recall  occasional  boys  who,  coming  to  college  literally  without 
a  cent,  have  managed  not  only  to  support  themselves  while  in 
college,  but  to  lay  up  something  for  the  future  and  in  the  course 
of  the  process  have  given  no  external  indication  of  lack  of  money, 
have  apparently  had  their  college  work  disturbed  in  the  least 
possible  measure  by  their  money  earning,  and  still  less  have  ex- 


8PB0IAL  OOKKBBBKCB  OK  LBOAL  BDUCATIOK.  621 

hibited  any  inability  to  share  in  the  ordinary  social  wd  extra- 
curriculum  activities  which  constitute  those  characteristic  fea- 
tures  of  American  college  life  most  cherished  by  the  under* 
graduate.  On  the  other  hand^  we  have  seen  many  a  lad  strug* 
gling  against  adversity,  often  at  considerable  cost  to  his  health, 
and  still  more  often  at  the  cost  of  certain  of  the  real  values  d 
the  education  which  he  is  attempting  to  secure,  sometimes  being 
obliged  very  greatly  to  extend  the  period  of  his  training,  to  say 
nothing  of  the  sacrifice  of  social  relationships  which  he  has  been 
compelled  to  make  in  the  process.  On  the  other  hand  students 
who  have  to  fight  for  an  education  gain  certain  moral  and  intd* 
lectual  advantages  whose  value  can  hardly  be  over-estimated. 
I  call  attention  to  these  considerations  because,  in  the  citation 
which  I  am  about  to  enter  upon  of  estimated  costs  for  college 
training,  it  is  quite  essential  that  due  allowance  be  made  for  the 
very  wide  difference  in  the  capacities  of  students  to  carry  on 
academic  study  while  engaged  in  gainful  occupations. 

It  is  doubtiess  well  recognized  that  collegiate  conditions  vary 
at  present  very  widely  in  different  parts  of  the  country,  especially 
as  regards  these  matters  of  cost.  Throughout  the  east,  in  the 
older  educational  foundations,  tuition  fees  are  relatively  high, 
as  are  also  law  school  fees.  On  the  other  hand,  throughout  the 
regions  where  the  state  universities  have  been  developed  most  ex< 
tensively,  collegiate  tuition  for  residents  of  the  state  is  often 
nominal  and  generally  relatively  low,  although  non-residents  are 
almost  invariably  charged  at  a  materially  higher  rate.  Generally 
speaking  also,  the  fees  at  part-time  and  evening  law  schools 
average  probably  somewhat  less  than  at  the  full-time  institutions. 
In  considering  the  element  of  cost  therefore,  one  must  have  due 
regard  to  these  local  and  institutional  differences. 

I  judge  that  one  question  in  the  minds  of  those  who  are  advo- 
cating the  general  policy  under  discussion  concerns  the  extent 
to  which  scholarships  and  loan  funds  may  now  be  available  for 
students  who,  desiring  to  enter  upon  the  study  of  law,  would  find 
the  cost  of  the  training  under  the  program  suggested  prohibitive. 
I  shall  in  a  moment  present  certain  figures  regarding  tuition 
charges  and  scholarship  funds,  but  I  wish  to  make  it  clear  at  once 
that,  despite  the  necessary  incompleteness  of  these  figures,  there 
can  be  little  question  at  all  that  the  Scholarships  and  financial 


522  SPECIAL  CONFEBSNCB  ON  LEGAL  EDUCATION. 

aids  at  present  available  to  law  students  are  wholly  insui&cient 
substantially  to  affect  the  situation.  In  1920,  for  example,  of 
the  six  largest  law  schools^  only  one  required  more  than  high 
school  preparation.  Approximately  4000  students  were  in  these 
five  largest  schools  requiring  no  collegiate  training,  while  less 
than  900  were  in  the  institution  which  did  make  such  demand. 
I  have  every  reason  to  believe  that,  if  the  sum  total  of  the  students 
in  these  lower  grade  institutions  be  compared  with  those  in 
institutions  requiring  at  present  two  years  of  college  discipline, 
the  above  ratio  would  not  be  greatly  modified.  The  existing 
scholarships  are  in  most  of  the  colleges  regarded  as  insufficient 
to  meet  the  present  needs  and  if  there  were  added  to  the  collie 
population  the  thousands  of  law  students  now  in  schools  requir- 
ing no  collegiate  work  for  entrance,  those  resources  would  be 
hopelessly  inadequate;  nor  is  there  any  assurance  that  under 
competition  the  prospective  law  students  would  secure  a  share  at 
all  proportionate  to  their  nxmabers.  The  complete  insufficiency 
of  present  scholarship  aid  to  care  for  any  considerable  part  of 
these  students  now  in  the  lower  grade  law  schools  is  therefore 
certain. 

There  are  some  institutions  in  which  men  can  secure  two  years 
of  academic  collegiate  training  by  evening  or  late  afternoon  work> 
thus  permitting  them  to  use  the  larger  part  of  the  day  for  finan- 
cially profitable  occupation;  these  institutions  are  not  many  in 
number  and  are  not  widely  distributed.  Moreover,  the  added 
cost  of  the  tuition  for  such  additional  years  must  in  any  case  be 
counted  in.  Although  any  such  prediction  is  precarious,  I  think 
it  is  highly  probable  that  a  considerable  proportion  of  the  men 
now  in  the  lower  grade  schools  would  be  excluded  altogether  from 
the  study  of  the  law,  by  discouragement,  if  by  no  other  more 
compelling  cause,  were  the  two  years  of  collegiate  training  made 
prerequisite.  Whether  from  tlie  social  point  of  view,  or  from  the 
professional  point  of  view,  such  a  result  should  be  regarded  as 
an  unmitigated  disaster,  I  do  not  venture  to  allege,  though  I 
suspect  it  would  be  mainly  the  weaklings  who  would  be  deterred 
and  the  Bar  can  perhaps  do  without  such ;  but  I  am  quite  aware 
that  to  a,  large  body  of  opinion  it  would  be  most  unwholesome  and 
at  variance  with  our  supposed  traditions, 


SPSCIAL  CONFEEEKCB  ON  LBGAL  EDUCATION.  523 

Doubtless  had  the  writer  of  this  paper  found  time  for  a  more 
careful  assembly  of  statistics^  his  figures  regarding  tuition 
charges  and  scholarship  and  loan  funds  could  have  been  made 
substantially  accurate.  As  it  is  these  figures,  taken  from  the 
college  and  university  official  publicationfi,  are  believed  to  be 
entirely  trustworthy  as  regards  the  general  trends  which  they 
reflect,  although  they  may  well  in  particular  instances  be 
slightly  inexact.  On  the  other  hand,  it  is  extremely  difficult  to 
secure  figures  regarding  the  significant  costs  apart  from  tuition, 
for  these  rest  upon  all  kinds  of  shifting  and  inaccessible  condi- 
tions, not  the  least  of  the  difficulties  being  the  wide  variations  in 
individual  adaptability  and  willingness  to  incur  discomfort* 
Nevertheless  it  is  at  precisely  this  point  that  the  larger  part  of 
the  cost  for  the  boy  thrown  on  his  own  resources  is  inevitably 
located.  Even  in  the  case  of  the  institutions  with  high  tuition 
these  ^'  cost  of  life  ^^  charges  are  sure  to  be  considerably  in  excess 
of  the  other  items. 

Collegiate  tuition  for  a  normal  amount  of  work  costs  per  year : 
$200  at  Amherst,  Cornell,  Lehigh  and  Williams;  $240  at  New 
York  "University;  $250  at  Dartmouth,  Harvard,  Pennsylvania, 
Princeton  and  approximately  this  amount  at  Columbia;  $300 
at  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology  and  Yale.  Generally 
speaking  tuition  at  the  smaller  New  England  and  similar  colleges 
averages  somewhat  less  than  these  figures,  but  $150  is  about  the 
lowest  charge  for  institutions  which  would  be  generally  regarded 
as  belonging  to  the  same  academic  group  and  some  run  above 
these  figures.  In  the  extreme  west,  Stanford  University  has  a 
tuition  charge  of  $225;  in  the  middle  west,  the  University  of 
Chicago  a  charge  of  $180,  and  Washington  University,  St.  Louis, 
$200 ;  in  the  south,  Tulane  University  a  charge  of  $125 ;  in  the 
District  of  Columbia,  Georgetown  University  $150,  and  the 
Catholic  University  of  America,  $200.  These  are  all  examples 
of  institutions  on  private  foundations  and  it  must  be  understood 
that  in  many  of  them  there  are  substantial  accessory  charges  for 
library,  g3anna8ium,  laboratory,  athletic  and  health  department 
fees  which  cannot  be  conveniently  summarized,  but  which  aggre- 
gate in  certain  instances  considerable  sums. 

Among  the  state  universities,  tuition  charges  vary  very  widely. 
At  the  University  of  Wisconsin,  University  of  Missouri,  Uni- 


624  SPECIAL  COKFEBSNCB  ON  LEGAL  EDUCATION. 

versity  of  Tennessee,  University  of  Ohio,  and  a  few  others,  tuition 
for  residents  of  the  state  is  free,  although  there  are  in  sundry 
instances  incidental  fees  of  one  kind  and  another  which  amount 
to  something.  For  non-residents  of  the  state  there  is  in  Wiscon- 
sin a  charge  of  $50  a  semester,  at  Missouri  $10  a  term,  at  Ten- 
nessee $40  a  term,  and  at  Ohio  State  $50  a  semester.  At  Michigan 
the  charge  for  residents  of  the  state  in  the  Department  of  Litera- 
ture, Science  and  the  Arts  is  $80,  for  non-residents  $105.  In 
Indiana  the  resident  pays  $50  a  year,  the  non-resident  $85.  In 
the  University  of  Washington  the  resident  pays  $45  a  year,  the 
non-resident  $150.  In  the  University  of  Illinois  in  the  Arts 
Department  students  pay  an  incidental  fee  of  $15 ;  University  of 
Colorado,  $15  for  residents,  $30  for  non-residents;  North  Caro- 
lina $20  a  quarter;  University  of  Virginia,  residents  no  tuition, 
a  University  fee  of  $10,  non-resident  $135  tuition,  and  $40  Uni- 
versity fee. 

Summarizing  certain  of  the  outstanding  features  of  the  situa- 
tion then,  we  may  say  that  for  the  student  who  is  a  citizen  in  one 
of  a  few  states  where  state  universities  are  conducted  with  prac- 
tically free  tuition,  the  two-year  collegiate  preparation  for  law 
would  involve  little  more  than  living  expenses  for  this  period. 
For  students  elsewhere  the  tuition  charges  will  run  from  a  little 
less  than  $50  a  year  to  $300  a  year,  depending  on  the  institution. 
How  small  are  the  chances  for  any  given  individual  to  secure 
scholarships  to  meet  these  charges  has  already  been  indicated  and 
the  cost  of  living  has  naturally  to  be  added  in. 

In  considering  law  school  fees  for  the  present  purpose,  if  will 
be  convenient  to  disregard  the  amount  of  collegiate  work  required 
for  entrance,  although  no  schools  are  here  mentioned  which  do 
not  demand  at  least  two  years  of  such  work.  But  evidently  the 
total  cost  to  the  student  who  goes  to  a  law  school  like  Harvard, 
where  he  must  have  completed  a  full  collegiate  course  before 
entrance,  will  ordinarily  involve  two  additional  years  of  college 
fees  over  and  above  those  required  in  schools,  which  like  some  of 
the  state  university  law  schools,  require  but  the  two  years  of 
college  work.  An  analysis  of  the  economic  status  of  such  a  group 
of  students  as  those  in  the  Harvard  Law  School  might  well 
throw  valuable  light'  upon  our  problem,  but  the  writer  has  had 


SPECIAL  CONFEBBNOS  ON  LSGAL  SDUGATION.  525 

no  access  to  such  data  and  does  not  know  how  fully  they  may 
have  been  collected. 

At  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  the  fee  is  $250  a  year;  at 
Yale,  Harvard,  Columbia,  Catholic  University,  $200;  at  Chicago, 
$195;  at  New  York  University,  $180;  at  Emory,  $160;  at  Cor- 
nell, Washington  University,  St.  Louis,  University  of  Cincinnati, 
$150 ;  Georgetown  University,  $140 ;  University  of  Virginia,  $135 
plus  $40  incidental  fee  for  both  residents  and  non-residents,  at 
Tulane,  $115;  at  Michigan,  for  residents  $105,  for  non-residents 
$125 ;  at  the  University  of  Tennessee  $100 ;  University  of  Indiana, 
for  residents  $65  a  year,  non-residents  $100  a  year;  Ohio  State 
University,  $60;  University  of  Colorado,  $60  4or  residents,  $90 
for  non-residents;  University  of  Washington,  $45  for  residents, 
$150  for  non-residents;  University  of  Wisconsin  free  to  residents, 
for  non-residents  $100  a  year;  University  of  California,  $75  to 
residents,  non-resident  $200  a  year. 

Living  expenses  beyond  tuition  are  estimated  by  college  au- 
thorities at  figures  which  vary  somewhat,  but  on  the  whole  show 
a  disposition  to  average  about  three  times  the  cost  of  tuition, 
running  above  this  ratio  where  the  tuitions  are  less  than  $100 
and  running  slightly  below  it  where  they  are  $200  or  more.  As 
is  well  understood  by  all  persons  familiar  with  college  conditions, 
such  estimates  are  inevitably  arbitrary  and  they  probably  tend  to 
be  scaled  considerably  below  the  median.  Taken  as  a  whole,  the 
variation  in  tuition  charges  is  probably  no  greater  than  the  varia- 
tion in  the  actual  *'  cost  of  life  '^  in  tiie  several  communities  in- 
volved, so  that,  measured  in  dollars  and  cents,  the  institutions 
with  higher  tuition  charges  carry  with  them  for  the  average 
student  correspondingly  higher  general  living  charges.  This  is, 
of  course,  in  no  literal  sense  true  for  every  student,  for  in  the 
great  cities  where  living  expenses  are  generally  high  a  man  can, 
if  he  will,  live  very  economically.  In  no  case  do  these  estimates 
of  necessary  expenses  nm  above  $1000  a  year;  but  the  average 
id  undoubtedly  well  above  $500,  and  many  students  spend  much 
more  than  the  higher  figure. 

Taking  law  schools  as  a  whole,  the  scholarships  available,  which 
carry  either  full  tuition  or  a  large  part  of  this  tuition,  are  rela- 
tively few  in  number.  At  one  institution  at  which  there  is  an 
average  attendance  of  about  500,  there  are  at  present  13  scholar- 


526      SPECIAL  CONFEKENCB  ON  LEGAL  EDUCATION. 

ships  averaging  about  $240  apiece  and  the  tuition  charge  is  $200. 
Some  of  the  scholarships  there  pay  less  than  tuition.  At  another 
institution  where  the  average  attendance  is  450,  there  are  at 
present  some  30  scholarships  carrying  full  tuition  and  half  a 
dozen  others  carrying  smaller  amounts.  For  the  other  schools 
from  which  I  have  been  able  to  secure  information,  the  number 
and  value  of  the  scholarships  is  very  much  less  and  quite  a  num- 
ber have  no  such  facilities  at  all. 

It  is  difficult  to  compile  statistics  of  an  expensive  or  precise 
character  in  connection  with  scholarships  available  for  the  two 
required  years  of  college  work  postulated  in  this  entire  discus- 
sion, because  theife  is  nothing  to  prevent  a  student  from  complet- 
ing this  collegiate  work  in  an  institution  other  than  that  whose 
law  school  he  proposes  to  attend.  Indeed  this  situation  is  very 
frequently  represented.  To  gather  the  relevant  data  for  all  the 
American  colleges  is  possible,  but  the  task  is  tedious  and  the 
present  writer  felt  no  obligation  to  imdertake  it.  The  institu- 
tions which  report  the  largest  percentage  of  scholarships  available 
to  undergraduate  students  in  no  case  reach  one-fourth  of  the 
total  student  body  and  in  most  instances  fall  far  below  this.  The 
money  value  in  terms  of  full  tuition  probably  in  no  case  exceeds 
10  per  cent  of  the  entire  tuition  charges  for  the  student  body. 
Accordingly  while  it  is  true  that  in  some  institutions  there  are 
considerable  numbers  of  scholarships  available  for  undergraduate 
students,  and  in  three  or  four  law  schools  an  appreciable  but  much 
smaller  number,  the  total  of  these  forms  of  outright  financial 
assistance  is  not  very  large  considered  either  relatively  or 
absolutely. 

A  few  institutions  have  in  recent  years  gone  far  to  develop 
loan  fund  systems.  The  growth  of  these  funds  is  in  many  insti- 
tutions going  on  very  rapidly  and  the  system  bids  fair  to  do 
much  to  solve  the  problem  of  the  impecunious  student  who  is 
willing  to  obligate  himself  in  this  way,  for  many  of  the  funds  are 
so  conducted  as  to  bear  interest  and  more  than  maintain  them- 
selves. It  also  goes  without  saying  that  every  educational  insti- 
tution nowadays  attempts  to  assist  its  students  to  find  means  for 
profitable  employment,  if  they  so  desire.  But  the  demands  of  the 
better  professional  schools  are  now  so  severe  that  it  is  very 
difficult  for  a  student  to  carry  the  normal  work  of  a  full-time  law 


SPEOIAL  CONFERENCE  ON  LEGAL  EDUCATION.  527 

school  or  medical  school  and  still  find  either  time  or  strength  to 
earn  money.  Moreover  the  local  opportunities  for  work  are  in 
many  cases  quite  limited. 

In  connection  with  this  entire  problem,  I  think  it  would  be  a 
fatal  mistake  to  fail  to  take  cognizance  of  tendencies  now  rapidly 
developing  which,  if  they  be  successful  in  reaching  their  goal, 
will  result  in  the  reduction  by  at  least  two  full  years  of  the  time 
now  required  for  the  average  student  to  secure  the  bachelor^s 
degree.  Although  the  practice  varies  somewhat  in  different  parts 
of  the  country,  the  standard  educational  procedure  of  the  present 
time  may  be  fairly  regarded  as  involving  eight  years  of  grammar 
school  training,  four  years  of  high  school  or  academy,  and  four 
years  of  college.  The  distribution  of  the  first  12  years  is  now 
undergoing  some  change  in  certain  regions,  where  the  junior 
high  school  movement  is  being  developed,  but  the  formulation 
offered  is  substantially  correct  for  a  large  part  of  the  country. 
Careful  studies  of  the  situation  backed  by  experimental  demon- 
stration make  it  clear  that  one  full  year  can,  with  no  great  diffi- 
culty at  all,  be  gained  in  the  grammar  school  and  high  school  com- 
bined, and  there  is  every  reason  to  believe  that  another  year  can 
be  gained  between  the  high  school  and  the  college.  It  must  not 
be  supposed  that  such  shortening  of  the  period  of  work  implies 
a  cheapening  of  the  quality  of  the  product.  Quite  the  contrary 
is,  in  point  of  fact,  likely  to  be  the  case.  The  savings  represent 
a  reorganization  of  the  curriculum  designed  to  cut  out  needless 
duplication,  to  eliminate  topics  which  contribute  nothing  essen- 
tial to  intellectual  discipline  or  breadth  of  information,  and, 
through  the  utilization  of  improved  methods,  to  secure  better 
results  in  less  time.  If  these  improvements  be  adopted,  together 
with  a  practical  revision  of  educational  methods  such  as  will 
permit  students  to  travel  at  rates  adjusted  to  their  several 
capacities,  there  will  certainly  be  no  difficulty  at  all  in  the  case 
of  the  abler  half  of  the  school  classes  in  achieving  such  savings 
of  time  as  I  have  mentioned.  Indeed  there  is  probably  no  reason 
why  unusually  able  boys  should  not  make  much  more  rapid 
progress  than  even  this  program  provides. 

There  is  very  considerable  inertia  to  be  overcome  before  this 
type  of  plan  can  be  put  in  operation  and  there  are  appreciable 
influences,  especially  in  the  private  preparatory  schools,  which 


528  SPSCIAL  CONFEBBNGB  ON  LBQAL  BDUGATION. 

are  positively  antagonistic,  but  it  seems  hardly  conceiyable  that 
in  the  long  run  our  people  will  be  willing  to  allow  American 
youth  who  are  the  beneficiaries  of  the  most  ambitious  program 
of  public  education  ever  attempted,  to  fall  behind  the  better 
trained  students  in  England  and  the  Continent  by  two  full  years 
or  thereabouts  as  is  now  in  general  the  case.  In  our  older  com- 
munities, and  in  our  more  venerable  educational  institutions, 
changes  of  this  kind  may  be  expected  to  come  about  somewhat 
slowly,  for  the  whole  social  life  of  these  institutions  and  par- 
ticularly their  frequently  hypertrophied  athletics  are  set  up  to 
cater  to  young  men  of  the  present  average  age  or  older,  rather 
than  to  younger  boys.  So  much  in  this  the  case,  that  parents 
frequently  withdraw  precocious  boys  for  a  year  or  two  in  order 
that  they  may  not,  as  the  phrase  goes,  "  enter  college  too  young/' 
All  the  statistical  evidence,  from  the  point  of  view  of  sheer 
intellectual  accomplishment,  indicates  that  the  younger  boys  on 
the  average  do  distinctly  better  work  than  their  older  mates,  so 
that  except  from  the  point  of  view  of  these  social  and  athletic 
interests,  there  could  hardly  be  made  out  a  good  case  for  the 
present  late  entrance  upon  collegiate  and  professional  work.  In 
those  strata  of  the  community  from  which  come  the  students  now 
in  the  short-time  law  schools,  in  those  which  require  only  high 
school  preparation  and  in  those  which  give  their  work  in  the  late 
afternoon  and  evening,  there  will  undoubtedly  be  a  warm  wel- 
come extended  to  any  additional  developments  which,  while 
improving  the  quality  of  the  training  given,  succeed  in  cutting 
down  by  one  or  two  years  the  time  consumed  in  securing  it.  In 
the  long  run,  therefore,  it  seems  highly  probable  that  students 
who  desire  thus  to  expedite  their  professional  education  may 
look  forward  to  a  curtailment  of  both  the  time  and  expense  con- 
nected with  at  least  two  years  of  their  general  training.  In  the 
measure  in  which  this  may  prove  to  be  the  case,  the  question  of 
scholarships  and  financial  aids  will  naturally  assume  a  somewhat 
smaller  importance.  At  present,  however,  it  must  be  admitted 
that  this  movement  at  once  to  improve  and  abbreviate  the  pre- 
professional  training  has  not  proceeded  so  far  as  essentially  to 
affect  the  general  situation  throughout  the  country. 

In  conclusion  it  should  be  repeated  that  all  college  and  uni- 
versities are  earnestly  striving  to  make  it  possible  for  the  man 


SPBOIAL  OONFSRBNGS  ON  LEGAL  EDUCATION.  629 

of  fine  character  and  substantial  ability  to  secure  collegiate 
training  no  matter  what  his  economic  circumstances.  But  it 
would  be  fatuous  to  assume  that  tbey  have  as  yet  at  all  fully 
succeeded  in  solving  this  problem.  At  the  moment  they  are 
certainly  not  in  a  position  to  assure  material  assistance  either  in 
the  form  of  loans,  scholarships  or  even  opportunities  to  earn 
money,  to  any  largely  increased  number  of  students.  The  strong, 
earnest  student  can  always  pull  through,  but  the  task  is  often  far 
from  easy. 

The  subject  was  then  discussed  by  Harlan  P.  Stone,  of  New 
York;  William  B.  Hale,  of  Illinois;  Julius  Henry  Cohen,  of  New 
York;  Hampton  L.  Carson,  of  Pennsylvania;  John  Lowell,  of 
Massachusetts;  Thomas  J.  O'Donnell,  of  Colorado;  John  Bell 
Keeble,  of  Tennessee;  I.  Maurice  Wormser,  of  New  York; 
Thomas  Dawson,  of  Maryland;  J.  Nelson  Prierson,  of  South 
Carolina ;  Rowland  Taylor,  of  Idaho ;  John  B.  Sanborn,  of  Wis- 
consin; W.  A.  Hayes,  of  Wisconsin;  and  J,  Zach  Spearing,  of 
Louisiana. 

At  the  evening  session  of  February  23,  1922,  the  meeting  was 
called  to  order  by  Hampton  L.  Carson,  of  Pennsylvania,  who 
introduced  the  speaker  of  the  evening,  Dr.  William  H.  Welch, 
Director  of  the  Department  of  Hygiene  and  Public  Health  of 
The  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

Dr.  William  H.  Welch,  of  Maryland  : 

Mr,  Chairman  and  members  of  the  Conference:  I  have  assumed 
that  the  only  occasion  for  my  presence  here  tonight  is  to  play  the 
part  of  a  consultant,  on  the  assumption  that  you  believe  there 
are  sufficient  analogies  between  the  problems  of  medical  education 
and  of  legal  education  to  raise  at  least  a  presumption  that  the 
experience  of  the  medical  profession  in  bringing  about  a  very 
marked  and  very  rapid  improvement  in  medical  education  may 
have  some  helpful  suggestions,  if  not  realljr  furnish  an  example 
to  you  in  the  solution  of  the  problems  which  you  face  in  legal 
education.  And  this  belief  I  find  not  only  expressed  by  you 
tonight,  Mr.  Chairman,  but  repeatedly  implied  and  expressed  in 
the  writings  in  law  journals  and  elsewhere  on  this  general  sub- 
ject of  improvement  of  education  in  the  law. 


530  SPECIAL  GONFERENCB  OK  LEGAL  EDUCATIOK. 

Now  I  must  leave  it  to  you  to  see  the  bearing,  if  any,  between 
what  has  been  brought  about  in  the  way  of  improvement  in 
medical  education  and  the  qualifications  required  to  practice 
medicine  and  the  advance  in  the  standards  of  legal  education  and 
admission  to  the  Bar.  While  the  contents  of  the  two  subjects  of 
law  and  medicine  are  very  different  and  the  methods  of  training 
for  the  prtictice  of  each  are  equally  diverse,  the  two  professions 
have  certain  fundamental  subjects  in  common  which  bear  upon 
the  questions  just  raised. 

Law  and  medicine  are  two  of  the  three  traditional  learned  pro- 
fessions with  existing  and  continuous  traditions  and  history  from 
antiquity  to  the  present  day,  each  having  an  important  relation 
to  the  foundation  of  universities  in  the  middle  ages.  Each  pro- 
fession stands  in  such  a  relation  of  responsibility  and  of  service 
to  the  community  that  the  public  recognizes,  however  inade- 
quately, that  the  proper  fulfillment  of  these  functions  requires 
some  principles  of  conduct  and  the  possession  of  specialized,  often 
highly  technical  knowledge,  and  as  a  rule  endeavors,  however 
imperfectly,  by  legislative  enactment  or  judicial  procedure  to  se- 
cure corresponding  qualifications  for  professional  practice.  Leav- 
ing aside  for  a  moment  the  contention  to  which  I  shall  have 
occasion  to  refer  later,  that  there  is  a  political  aspect  to  the 
government  and  administration  of  law  and  justice  which  affects 
fundamentally  the  consideration  of  problems  of  medical  educa- 
tion, it  would  appear  that  in  spite  of  all  diversities  of  subject- 
matter,  of  methods,  of  functions  and  of  aim,  there  remains  enough 
in  common  between  the  two  professions  in  their  historical  back- 
ground, in  their  cherished  traditions  of  character  and  learning, 
in  their  foundation  of  learned  professions  upon  adequate  stand- 
ards of  education,  both  local,  general  and  special,  in  their  organi- 
zation and  in  the  vital  interest  to  the  community  in  safeguarding 
entrance  to  the  profession  by  the  establishment  and  enforcement 
of  proper  standards  of  qualifications  for  practice,  to  justify  the 
expectation,  confirmed  indeed  by  experience,  that  each  may  find 
helpful  suggestions  in  the  methods,  accomplishments  and  experi- 
ences of  the  other  in  their  efforts  to  attain  their  respective  aim 
in  the  field  of  education  and  of  admission  to  practice. 

It  would  lead  altogether  too  far  afield  to  attempt  even  a  brief 
survey  of  the  historical  development  of  medical  education  in  thia 


SPECIAL  OONFBRENOB  ON  LBOAL  XDUOATION.  531 

country;  but  there  are  certain  points  in  this  deyelopment  whieh 
it  is  necessary  for  our  purposes  to  touch  upon.  The  first  of  these 
is  the  extraordinary  fact  that  the  apprenticeship  system — which 
in  colonial  days  was  the  only  available  method  of  medical  train- 
ing in  this  country^  untU  the  establishment  of  the  medical  depart- 
ment of  the  college  of  Philadelphia,  now  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, in  1765,  and  that  of  Kings  College,  now  Columbia  Uni- 
versity, three  years  later — ^has  lingered  on  in  legal  training  up  to 
the  present  day,  although  with  diminishing  emphasis,  in  the  form 
of  the  clerkship  or  pupilship  in  an  attorney's  office  as  a  substitute 
for,  or  required  supplement  of,  a  systematic  study  in  a  law  schooL 

With  the  provision  of  an  over-abundance  of  medical  schools 
after  the  first  third  of  the  last  century,  no  one  entertained  tber 
idea  that  an  adequate  undergraduate  medical  education  could  be 
obtained  outside  of  a  medical  schooL  The  reason  for  this  differ- 
ence between  law  and  medicine  is,  of  course,  due  not  to  the  lack 
of  law  students,  of  which  there  is  a  superfluity,  but  to  the 
absence  in  a  law  school  of  opportunity  for  practical  training 
comparable  to  that  furnished  the  medical  students  by  labora- 
tories, dispensaries  and  hospitals. 

The  greatest  of  the  recent  improvements  in  medical  educa- 
tion has  been  in  the  increase  and  better  utilization  of  the  oppor- 
tunities for  clinical  training. 

Law  and  medicine  have  suffered  almost  equally  in  this  country 
from  the  severance  of  their  schools  from  intimate  integral  con- 
nection with  universities,  their  historic  hope;  but  this  defect 
has  now  been  remedied  almost,  though  not  quite  completely,  so 
far  as  medical  schools  are  concerned. 

Most  of  the  medical  schools,  and  all  of  the  better  ones,  are 
departments  of  universities  coordinate  with  the  other  faculties 
and  completely  imder  university  control.  This  has  been  an 
incalculable  gain  both  for  medicine  and  for  the  universities,  and 
I  doubt  not  would  be  as  great  for  law,  if  it  could  be  secured  in 
equal  measure. 

The  great  achievements  in  the  last  two  decades  in  the  improve- 
ment of  medical  education  have  been  the  extinction  of  most  of 
the  independent  proprietary  medical  schools  conducted  for  gain, 
which  were  the  great  evil  of  American  medicine,  and  brought  our 
medical  schools  to  the  low  estate  to  which  they  sank  during  most 


532  SPBCflAL  CONFBRBNCB  ON  LBGAL  EDUCATION. 

of  the  19th  oentary  and  at  the  same  time  an  equally  remarkable 
advancement  in  the  educational  standards  and  facilities  of  most 
of  the  remaining  schools. 

The  result  has  been  fewer  schools^  more  numerous  and  better 
opportunities  for  obtaining  a  good  medical  education,  a  great 
reduction  in  the  total  number  of  students  of  medicine,  followed 
in  the  last  three  years  by  a  decided  upward  trend  and  a  marked 
preference  of  these  students  for  the  better  schools.  How  great 
and  how  rapid  these  changes  have  been  may  be  illustrated  by  the 
following  startling  figures  taken  from  reports  of  the  Council  on 
Medical  Education  of  the  American  Medical  Association. 

In  1904,  when  the  council  began  its  work,  the  United  States 
had  162  medical  schools,  or  oyer  half  the  world's  supply,  with 
28,142  students,  and  witix  only  8  per  cent  requiring  any  college 
work  for  admission. 

In  1921  there  were  83  medical  schools  (as  contrasted  with 
162)  with  14,872  students  and  with  92.8  per  cent  requiring  two 
years  of  college  work  for  admission. 

During  the  same  last  15  years  the  proportion  of  medical 
students  in  well  or  fairly  equipped  medical  colleges  has  in- 
creased from  8.9  per  cent  to  96.1  per  cent. 

It  is  interesting  to  contrast  with  these  figures  those  for  law 
schools.  In  Mr.  Heed's  valuable  studies  for  Carnegie  Founda- 
tion, we  find  that  in  1900  there  were  102  law  schools,  with 
12,516  students  and  in  1921,  147  law  schools  with  presumably 
not  far  from  double  the  number  of  students,  if  one  may  judge 
from  the  average  iucrease  up  to  1917,  the  last  year  for  which  I 
find  a  statement.  Of  these  law  schools,  over  one-half  are  part- 
time  schools  and  89  require  no  college  work  whatever  for 
admission.  It  is  evident  that  the  development  of  law  schools 
during  this  period  has  been  the  reverse  of  that  of  medical  schools 
as  regards  the  increase  in  nionber  both  of  schools  and  of 
students,  and  that  the  requirements  for  admission  are  much 
lower  for  the  majority  of  law  schools. 

How  to  secure  a  better  distribution  of  physicians  is  an  im- 
portant subject,  but  this  is  not  the  occasion  for  its  consideration. 
It  may  be  said,  however,  that  there  is  general  agreement  that 
the  reduction  in  the  number  of  medical  schools  has  gone  as  far 
as  is  desirable.    I  judge  that  the  time  is  remote^  if  it  ever 


8PBCIAL  COKFEBSNCB  ON  LBGAL  EDUCATION.  533 

arrives,  when  it  will  be  necessary  to  provide  against  shortage  of 
either  law  schools  or  of  lawyers^  whatever  may  be  the%eed  of 
better  onQS.  It  is  not  surprising  that  such  remarkable  changes^ 
which  are  certainly  in  the  direction  of  reform^  as  have  been 
brought  about  in  so  short  a  period  of  time  in  medical  education^ 
should  have  arrested  attention  even  outside  of  the  medical  pro- 
fession. Your  interest  in  this  matter  relates  mainly  to  the 
influences  and  agencies  through  which  these  great  improvements 
have  been  effected.  Insofar  as  these  may  have  a  bearing  upon 
the  legal  education  I  may  say  at  once  that  by  far  the  greatest 
single  agency  in  effecting  the  elimination  of  inferior  medical 
schools  and  in  elevating  the  general  standard  of  medical  educa- 
tion in  the  United  States  has  been  the  Council  on  Medical  Edu- 
cation of  the  American  Medical  Association. 

The  American  Medical  Association  was  founded  in  1847^  with 
the  express  purpose  of  bringing  about  an  improvement  in  the 
education  of  medical  students.  It  never  lost  sight  of  this  purpose; 
but  not  until  a  reorganization  of  the  Association,  which  took  plaice 
before  the  beginning  of  this  century,  were  the  efforts  of  the 
American  Association  which  were  directed  to  this  need  accom- 
panied with  any  decided  degree  of  success.  The  Association  at  all 
of  its  meetings  passed  resolutions,  made  recommendations,  created 
committees,  and  had  sections  on  education ;  but  it  exerted  prac- 
tically no  influence  upon  an  elevation  of  the  standards  of  educa- 
tion. Now  this  reorganization  of  the  American  Medical  Associa- 
tion, which  began  in  1898,  and  which  has  been  described  and  set 
forth  pretty  adequately  in  several  legal  articles  that  I  have  seen, 
and  quite  concisely  but  very  accurately  by  Mr.  Beed  in  his  valu- 
able report  to  the  Carnegie  Foundation,  had  this  important  result, 
that  the  American  Medical  Association  was  so  reorganized  that 
practically  the  whole  body  of  the  profession  became  members  of 
the  Association,  the  unit  being  the  county  medical  society,  leading 
up  to  the  state  medical  society,  and  membership  in  the  state 
medical  society  is  ipso  facto  membership  in  the  American  Medical 
Association.  It  is  therefore  in  every  sense  of  the  word  the  repre- 
sentative of  the  entire  profession ;  and  it  is  important  to  bear  in 
mind  that  these  great  reforms  of  medical  education  have  origi- 
nated in  the  body  of  the  profession,  among  the  practitioners  of 
medicine,  not  as  a  result  of  pressure  from  the  outside  by  the  gen- 


534  SPECIAL  CONFERENCE  ON  LEGAL  EDUCATION. 

eral  puUic^  and  not  from  a  stimulus  derived  from  our  medical 
schools. 

I  shall  not  comment  upon  the  differences  in  the  organization 
of  your  American  Bar  Association,  the  National  Association,  and 
the  state  and  local  bar  associations,  save  to  remark  that  they 
hardly  can  be  said  to  represent  the  entire  body  of  the  legal  profes- 
sion in  quite  the  same  way,  with  the  same  steps  socially,  as  does 
the  American  Association  represent  the  body  of  the  medical  pro- 
fession. 

Soon  after  this  reorganization  a  council  on  medical  education 
was  created,  and  it  is  the  work  of  the  council  which  has  been  so 
significant  in  bringing  about  the  improvement  to  which  I  call 
attention.  It  is  hardly  necessary  to  describe  in  detail  the  organi- 
zation of  the  council.  It  will  suffice,  I  think,  to  point  out  certain 
of  the  salient  features.  It  is  an  organization  with  executive 
officers  who  are  paid,  and  some  of  whom  give  their  entire  time  to 
the  work.  Its  first  activity  was  in  securing  active  cooperation 
with  two  very  important  bodies,  namely,  the  Association  of  Ameri- 
can Medical  Colleges  and  the  state  licensing  boards.  It  was  ob- 
viously a  primary  essential  to  secure  the  cooperation  of  the  medical 
schools  on  the  one  hand  and  of  the  examining  and  licensing 
bodies  on  the  other. 

Now  a  feature  of  the  work  has  been,  not  through  any  legal 
action,  but  solely  by  moral  pressure,  to  induce  the  state  licensing 
and  examining  boards  to  raise  their  standards  for  admission  to 
the  practice  of  medicine  to  a  point  more  nearly  in  conformity 
with  the  demands  of  modern  medical  education  and  medical  prac- 
tice than  those  which  existed  previously.  That,  as  I  have  inti- 
mated, is  the  crucial  matter,  of  course,  to  secure  the  establishment 
of  these  standards.  That  has  been  brought  about,  so  far  as 
medicine  is  concerned,  over  a  very  large  part  of  this  country. 
Medical  schools  are  necessarily  forced  to  the  wall  and  out  of 
existence  if  their  graduates  are  not  eligible  for  admission  to 
the  examination  of  these  licensing  boards.  At  present  33  of  the 
licensing  boards  of  the  various  states  of  the  union  require  that 
the  candidate  shall  have  graduated  from  a  medical  school  which 
requires  at  least  two  years  of  college  work  preliminary  to  entrance 
upon  the  medical  studies.  This,  you  see,  automatically  secures 
that  very  important  improvement. 


SPECIAL  CONFERENCE  ON   LEGAL  EDUCATION.  635 

A  very  important  feature  of  the  work  has  been  publicity  and 
classification  of  the  medical  schools.  This  publicity  has  been 
based  upon  actual  study,  observation  and  inspection  of  the 
different  schools.  Standards  which  are  easily  applied,  and  which 
I  have  every  confidence  are  justly  applied  for  the  classification 
of  the  medical  schools,  are  based  upon  their  facilities  for  training 
medical  students,  upon  the  number  of  full  sized  teachers  in  the 
faculty,  and  the  clinical  and  laboratory  facilities,  and  to  some 
extent  also  upon  experience  with  the  graduates,  and  to  what  extent 
they  are  able  to  pass  the  examining  boards.  In  this  way  medical 
schools,  if  unable  to^  meet  these  requirements,  have  been  forced 
to  the  wall  and  practically  out  of  existence. 

Very  soon  after  the  work  of  the  Council  on  Medical  Education 
was  initiated  there  appeared  one  of  the  most  epochal  reports  in 
all  educational  literature,  that  of  Mr.  Abraham  Plexner  to  the 
Carnegie  Foundation  on  the  conditions  of  medical  education  in 
this  country.  That  report  had  a  very  great  influence  not  only 
inside  of  the  medical  profession,  but  possibly  to  an  even  larger 
extent  on  the  general  public,  and  particularly  in  college  and 
university  circles.  It  is  one  of  the  most  important,  influential, 
persuasive  documents  in  this  story  of  the  improvement  of  medical 
education  in  this  country.  Universities  that  knew  little  about 
the  character  of  the  medical  schools  with  which  their  names  were 
connected  were  aroused  to  a  situation  which  demanded  their 
attention  and  secured  their  attention  to  a  very  large  extent. 

It  is  therefore  by  this  publicity  and  this  system  of  classification 
of  medical  schools,  and  through  the  influence  of  the  Flezner 
report,  that,  more  than  in  any  other  way,  these  very  important 
reforms  in  medical  education  have  been  secured.  I  have  brought 
with  me  samples  of  the  reports  and  documents  which  show  how 
the  Council  on  Medical  Education  proceeds.  Thus  one  which  I 
hold  in  my  hand,  for  example,  is  an  extremely  important  one, 
widely  distributed.  It  is  entitled  "The  Choice  of  a  Medical 
School.'^  That  goes  to  students  in  our  colleges.  It  contains  the 
essential  information  to  enable  a  student  to  determine  whether 
or  not  a  school  which  he  may  contemplate  entering  meets  the 
requirements,  whether  it  ifl  in  Class  A  or  Class  B  or  Class  C. 
The  table  will  show  whether  graduation  from  that  school  entitles 
the  graduate  to  be  eligible  for  examination  by  the  state  licensing 


536  SPECIAL  CONFEBBNCB  ON  LEGAL  EDUCATION. 

board  in  New  York,  in  Pennsylvania,  in  Maryland  or  in  Illinois. 
All  that  information  is  contained  in  this  pamphlet. 

This  is  published  by  the  American  Medical  Association,  the 
council  being  entirely  supported  from  the  funds  of  the  American 
Medical  Association.  And  as  you  can  imagine,  such  publications 
as  this  illustrate  why  it  is  that  now  the  great  majority  of  medical 
students  are  seeking  to  enter  the  better  medical  schools.  The 
information  formerly  not  procurable  or  diflBcult  to  get  is  in  this 
handy  shape  and  contains  all  of  the  essential  facts. 

These  annual  reports  of  the  Council  on  Medical  Education  are 
very  important  examples  of  the  sort  of  work  which  this  admirable 
council  has  done.  These  annual  conferences,  such  as  you  are 
initiating  here  today  and  tomorrow,  conferences  of  the  Council 
on  Medical  Education,  bring  together  the  representatives  of 
various  medical  schools,  the  Federated  Board  of  the  State 
Licensing  Board,  invited  delegates,  representatives  of  the  uni- 
versities and  colleges.  Thcipe  conferences  have  become  very 
significant  and  very  important.  Valuable  discussions  take  place 
and  an  interchange  of  opinion  is  had,  and  while,  as  I  have  already 
stated,  the  conclusions  reached  have  no  legal  force  or  effect,  they 
exert  an  influence  upon  opinion,  and  upon  the  activities  of  these 
institutions,  which  is  simply  of  incalculable  value. 

There  have  been  certain  criticisms  and  objections  raised  which 
I  may  perhaps  for  a  moment  touch  upon.  I  should  like  to  say 
just  one  word  about  the  contention  of  Mr.  Reed  in  that  very 
helpful  and  important  report  of  an  essential  and  fundamental 
difference  between  the  medical  profession  and  the  legal  pro- 
fession in  the  fact  that  the  lawyer  has  political  and  public  func- 
tions, or  is  likely  to  have,  and  that  it  would  be  most  undemo- 
cratic and  most  xmdesirable  to  fix  standards  for  entrance  into 
the  profession  of  the  law  such  that  all  economic  classes  should 
not  be  represented. 

I  would  simply  remark  that  it  seems  to  me  as  if  the  perform- 
ance of  these  functions,  additional,  as  I  conceive  it,  to  those  of 
his  relations  to  his  client,  functions  which  he  describes  as  public 
and  political  in  relation  to  the  government,  the  administration, 
the  development  and  the  administration  of  justice  and  of  law, 
would  require  better  education,  would  be  an  argument  for  better 
education  rather  than  for  a  lowering  of  the  standards.    Nor  am 


6PB0IAL  OONFBRBNCB  ON  LBQAL  BDUCATION.      637 

I  quite  willing  to  concede  that  the  difference  is  so  great  between 
the  two  professions  in  this  regard.  The  preservation  of  health 
is  of  extreme  importance  to  the  community.  It  requires  the 
actiyities  of  administrators  who  are  govemmental  appointees. 
It  stands  then  in  a  public  relationship  which,  while  of  course  not 
exactly  comparable  to  that  of  a  lawyer,  is  still  a  public  function. 
And  we  consider  that  these  activities  of  the  physician  require 
conditionally  a  specialized  training,  preventive  medicine  as  con- 
trasted with  curative  medicine,  requires  training  in  addition  to 
that  which  is  furnished  to  the  practitioner  of  medicine. 

We  are  very,  veiy  familiar  in  discussions  of  this  matter  in 
medicine  with  the  cry  that  we  are  closing  the  door  of  opportunity 
to  the  poor  boy,  or  the  cry  that  there  have  been  great  doctors  who 
never  had  anything  comparable  to  this  elaborate  education. 
They  say,  "  These  men  never  went  to  college,  and  we  can  point 
to  them  as  shining  examples  whom  we  honor.''  Now  a  selec- 
tion of  some  sort  is  implied  when  you  make  demands  such  as  are 
embodied  in  the  recommendations  of  the  Bar  Association  requir- 
ing that  the  candidate  for  admisison  to  the  Bar  shall  have  been 
graduated  from  a  legal  school  requiring  two  years  of  college 
work  preliminary  to  entrance  upon  legal  studies,  just  as  is  done 
in  medicine.  But  the  selection  is  really  not  on  the  ground  of 
the  pocketbook,  it  is  rather  on  the  ground  of  mental  capacity  of 
certain  general  character.  It  is  not  so  easy  to  pass  dong  the 
path  if  there  are  obstacles  in  the  way.  But  is  it  to  be  sup- 
posed that  a  man  like  Abraham  Lincoln  in  your  profession,  or 
Ephraim  McDowell  or  Nathan  Smith  in  ours,  would  not  have 
overcome  handicaps  and  obstacles,  and  in  overcoming  them  that 
they  would  not  have  become  even  more  alert,  even  more  resource- 
ful, and  have  derived  distinct  advantage  from  the  very  fact  that 
they  had  to  overcome  certain  obstacles?  The  requirement  of 
two  years  of  college  work  has  not  eliminated  the  poor  boy  who 
has  to  work  his  way  through  college  and  through  the  medical 
school.  I  thought  I  would  inquire  about  that  very  question  this 
morning  from  our  dean.  He  tells  me  that  over  one-half  of  the 
students  in  The  Johns  Hopkins  Medical  School — and  we  require 
a  completed  liberal  education,  a  college  degree — over  one-half 
were  working  their  way  through  in  part  or  in  whole  or  have 
borrowed  money  to  accomplish  their  education.    Money  can  be 


538  SPECIAL  CONFERENClK  OJ*   LEGAL  EDUCATION. 

secured  very  often  because  of  the  very  fact  that  the  young  man 
possessed  (and  now-a-days  young  women,  too,  in  medicine)  cer- 
tain qualities  which  make  a  public-spirited  man  glad  to  lend 
aid,  making  him  willing  to  make  the  investment  in  that  young 
man,  and  he  expects  a  return  from  it.  It  does  not  result  in  the 
elimination  of  the  poor  boy  when  you  require  a  better  standard 
of  preliminary  education'.  But  it  is  to  be  desired  that  in  all 
classes  there  should  be  some  method  by  which  we  are  able  to 
lessen  at  least,  if  not  to  exclude,  those  who  are  unfitted  for  the 
study  of  the  law  or  medicine.  They  have  not  the  mental 
capacity,  they  have  not  the  industry,  the  energy,  the  character, 
the  intelligence.  If  you  are  familiar  with  the  discussions  as  to 
the  situation  in  our  colleges  and  universities  today,  you  will  know 
that  that  is  just  one  of  the  points,  how  is  it  possible  to  make  the 
selection  based  upon  securing  those  who  are  really  fitted  for  a 
higher  education.  I  think  that  one  of  the  methods  is  not  so 
much  a  selection  on  an  economic  basis,  but  this  is  more  likely 
to  secure  those  with  a  desire,  with  the  ability  and  strength  of 
character  and  persistence  of  effort  and  industry  than  otherwise 
would  be  possible.  So  I  think  the  selection  is  along  the  lines  of 
the  community,  resourcefulness,  and  ability  and  enthusiasm  of 
the  young  men.  Anyhow,  we  encounter  precisely  the  same  criti- 
cism which  I  see  is  urged  against  these  higher  standards  in  the 
law.  As  regards  the  requirement  of  two  years  of  college  work, 
it  is  of  course  a  pity  that  we  have  to  either  truncate  the  college 
course  or  telescope  it  into  the  professional  education.  There 
seems  to  be  no  other  way. 

.  As  I  have  said,  at  Johns  Hopkins  we  do  make  it  straight  on 
to  the  college,  and  curiously  enough,  the  average  age  of  gradua- 
tion of  our  students  is  not  far  from  the  average  age  of  gradua- 
tion of  students  througliout  the  whole  country. 

Still,  I  do  not  urge  that  as  a  national  standard,  although  it  is 
to  be  hoped  that  if  two  years*  college  work  are  required  there 
will  be  a  considerable  number  who  will  go  on  to  the  completion 
of  the  college  course. 

But  our  colleges  have  developed  as  enormous  institutions,  as 
you  know,  and  without  regard  to  the  needs  of  the  professional 
education,  except  possibly  that  of  theology  in  the  past,  and  the 
efforts  now  to  adjust  the  requirements  of  training  in  the  pro- 


SPECIAL  CONFERENCE  ON  LEGAL  EDUCATION.      639 

fession  to  conditions  in  our  colleges,  these  efforts  encounter  very 
great  obstacles.  I  do  not  consider  that  this  solution  is  the  final 
one^  this  truncating  the  college  course^  dividing  it  in  two;  but  it 
seems  to  me  that  for  the  present  it  is  the  most  that  can  be 
attained  and  is  to  be  regarded  as  our  national  American  standard. 
It  is  so  for  medicine,  and  I  doubt  not  that  it  will  eventually  be 
80  for  law. 

So  it  seems  to  me  that  in  many  ways  your  problems  for  legal 
education  are  easier  than  ours.  In  that  respect  I  may  be  mis- 
taken. But  you  have  not  in  the  first  instance  to  encounter  the 
difficulties  which  we  have  in  consequence  of  the  existence  of  so 
many  different  sects  and  nondescript  practitioners  of  all  sorts  of 
dogmas  and  doctrines  in  medicine. 

I  need  hardly  say  that  I  am  speaking  in  behalf  of  scientific, 
non-sectarian  medicine,  belonging  to  no  school  whatever,  any 
more  than  chemistry  does,  or  physics,  in  which  the  guiding  prin- 
ciples are  the  advancement  of  knowledge  through  the  well-known 
scientific  methods  of  obeervation  and  experiment,  tested  by  ex- 
perience, hoping  that  eventually  we  shall  be  able  to  base  more  and 
more  of  medical  practice  upon  ascertained  scientific  discoveries 
as  we  are  able  to  do  in  increasing  measure  every  day,  not  com- 
mitted to  any  dogma  or  doctrine  which  is  regarded  as  a  universal 
explanation  of  all  diseases,  and  affords  a  guiding  principle  of  all 
means  of  treatment,  at  the  same  time  enabling  the  doctor  to  prac- 
tice anything  whatever  that  he  considers  to  be  of  possible  value 
in  the  relief  of  human  suffering  and  the  treatment  of  disease. 

Now  you  have  not  to  contend  with  all  of  these  sects  in  law. 
The  principle  is  of  course  only  that  we  desire  for  the  benefit  of 
the  community  that  there  shall  be  adequate  educational  profes- 
sional training  for  those  who  are  called  upon  to  administer  to  the 
sick  and  injured,  that  is  all,  without  any  reference  to  systems  of 
practice — that  is  for  the  benefit  of  the  community.  And,  again, 
you  have  not,  I  think,  to  consider  to  the  extent  that  we  have 
the  credulity  of  the  public  in  all  of  these  matters.  It  has  always 
been  so.  Doctors  are  very  much  too  sensitive  about  these  matters. 
Anything  new,  these  various  sects  in  medicine,  have  always  arisen. 
They  always  have  something  in  them.  As  Dr.  Osier  once  told  me, 
"The  worst  thing  I  know  about  the  quacks  is  that  they  cure 
people.*'   You  have  not  in  the  same  way,  I  think,  to  contend  with 


540  SPECIAL  CONFERSN'CE  ON  LEGAL   EDUCATION. 

all  of  these  sects  and  fads  and  so  on  that  we  meet  with  in  medicine. 
So  I  think  ii^  those  respects^  at  least,  you  have  a  very  decided 
advantage. 

On  the  other  hand^  it  is  barely  possible  that  the  public  is 
more  interested  that  there  should  be  a  higher  technical  training, 
more  certainty  of  the  possession  of  adequate  skill,  on  the  part  of 
the  physician,  than  as  to  the  technical  attainments  of  the  lawyer. 
I  am  not  prepared  to  say  that  may  not  be  the  case.  But,  however 
it  may  be,  we  are  both  involved  upon  the  same  undertaking,  to 
elevate  for  the  benefit  of  the  public,  and  not  for  the  benefit  of 
our  respective  professions,  the  standards  of  education,  the  quali- 
ncations  for  admission  to  the  Bar  and  to  the  practice  of  medicine. 
Our  motives  are  entirely — I  think  I  am  justified  in  saying — 
altruistic.  I  am  sure  we  have  nothing  more  in  mind  than  what 
is  best  for  the  good  of  the  public. 

Now,  if  in  what  I  have  said  as  to  the  experience  in  bringing 
about  these  great  reforms  in  medical  education  and  in  the  license 
to  practice  you  find  any  hints,  any  suggestions,  which  may  aid 
you  in  your  efforts  to  secure  similar  results  in  legal  education  and 
admission  to  the  Bar,  I  shall  feel  very  proud  and  very  abundantly 
justified  in  coming  here  and  having  this  opportunity,  which  I 
appreciate  most  highly,  of  addressing  you ;  and  I  beg  in  closing 
to  reciprocate  the  very  kind  remarks  that  have  been  made  as  to 
the  intellectual  and  sympathetic  relations  between  our  two  pro- 
fessions and  the  hope  I  may  venture  in  behalf  of  all  my  colleagues 
in  the  medical  prof  ession,  some  of  whom  I  see  here  in  this  room, 
to  bring  to  you,  the  legal  profession,  our  most  cordial  greetings 
and  to  wish  you  the  greatest  success  in  the  undertaking  which 
you  are  facing  by  this  conference  tonight. 

At  the  morning  session,  February  24,  1922,  William  Q. 
McAdoo,  of  New  York,  presided,  and  said  : 

A  Conference  of  delegates  representing  the  American,  state 
and  local  bar  associations  of  the  country  to  consider  the  very 
vital  question  of  admissions  to  the  Bar,  is  a  significant  and 
dramatic  event  in  the  history  of  the  profession.  You  have 
assembled  for  the  specific  purpose  of  discussing  the  recommenda- 
tions of  the  American  Bar  Association  that,  as  a  condition  of 
admission  to  the  Bar,  the  applicant  shall  have  had  two  years  of 
study  in  a  college,  and  a  course  of  three  years'  duration  in  a 


SPECIAL  CONFERENCE  ON  LEGAL  EDUCATION.  641 

full-time  law  school,  or  its  equivalent  in  a  longer  course  in  a 
part-time  law  school. 

One  naturally  approaches  such  a  question  from  a  point  of  view 
influenced  in  great  measure  by  the  course  and  experience  of  his 
own  life.  For  example,  a  lawyer  who  has  been  constantly  and 
exclusively  absorbed  in  the  active  pursuit  of  his  private  prac- 
tice will  instinctively  view  the  question  from  the  standpoint  of 
the  good  of  the  profession  alone.  But  the  lawyer  whose  career 
has  taken  him  away  at  times  from  active  practice  and  immersed 
him  in  great  enterprises  or  involved  him  in  large  responsibilities 
of  public  life,  is  inclined  to  view  the  problem  not  alone  from  the 
standpoint  of  the  profession,  but  also  in  its  wider  aspects — its 
relation  to  the  public  good  as  well  as  its  effects  upon  the  profes- 
sion itself. 

Then,  again,  the  lawyer  who  has  had  the  good  fortune  of  a 
college  education  and  of  a  thorough  course  in  a  law  school  will 
naturally  regard  the  more  exacting  requirements  in  the  way  of  a 
collegiate  and  legal  education  as  essential  to  the  welfare  of  the 
profession  and  to  the  public  good,  whereas  that  great  body  of 
lawyers  who  have  had  to  make  their  own  way  in  the  world,  who 
have  never  been  able  to  go  to  college  and  who  have  secured  a 
legal  education  through  hard  work  and  struggle  in  the  old- 
fashioned  way — ^in  somebody's  law  office — with  the  unsystematic 
training  and  the  less  efficient  legal  education  which  necessarily 
comes  from  an  unthorough  school  of  that  character,  but  who,  by 
their  ability  and  industry,  have  gained  a  deservedly  high  place 
at  the  Bar,  may  naturally  hesitate  to  approve  the  exacting 
standard  which  the  American  Bar  Association  seeks  to  impose. 

Unfortunately  for  myself,  I  was  unable  to  go  to  a  law  school. 
At  the  age  of  18  I  had  to  leave  college  and  face  the  world.  My 
only  opportunity  to  gain  a  legal  education  was  through  night 
studies  under  the  tutelage  of  the  late  Honorable  William  Henry 
DeWitt,  of  the  Chattanooga  Bar.  And  may  I  digress  for  a 
moment  to  pay  a  tribute  to  this  noble  man  and  lawyer,  jurist 
and  gentleman,  scholar  and  patriot,  whose  generous  friendship 
and  constant  helpfulness  toward  every  young  and  struggling 
lawyer  endeared  him,  not  alone  to  them,  but  to  the  community 
in  which  he  lived,  and  gained  for  him  the  unqualified  esteem  and 
admiration  of  his  professional  brethren.    Painstaking,  unselfish 


642  SPECIAI,  CONFERENCE  ON  LEGAL  EDUCATION. 

and  thorough  as  this  splendid  friend  and  preceptor  was,  neyer- 
theless  it  was  impossible  for  his  pupil  to  receive  the  systematic^ 
orderly  and  logical  education  that  a  properly  conducted  law 
school  provides.  And  so,  in  my  own  case,  I  approach  the  subject 
from  the  standpoint  of  one  who  knows  by  contrast  rather  than 
by  experience  the  value  of  the  law  school  education;  but  that 
very  fact  gives  me  a  keener  realization  of  the  importance  of  the 
educational  standard  now  proposed. 

The  responsibilities  of  the  lawyer  are  so  grave  and  the  func- 
tion he  performs  is  so  vital  that  the  value  of  the  highest  moral 
and  ethical  standards  cannot  be  exaggerated.  And  those  same 
responsibilties  make  it  imperative  that  his  professional  educa- 
tion shall  be  so  thorough  that  he  will  be  equipped  in  the  highest 
degree  to  discharge  those  responsibilities  when  he  comes  to  the 
Bar. 

But  it  is  not  alone  as  a  member  of  the  Bar  that  a  lawyer  is  an 
important  citizen  and  owes  great  responsibilities  to  the  com- 
munity. He  is  a  vital  and  necessary  factor  in  the  success  of 
every  extensive  business  enterprise.  He  exerts  a  large  influence 
on  public  opinion  and  in  the  main  is  entrusted  with  political 
leadership  in  the  community,  the  state  and  the  nation. 

It  is  his  function  not  to  create  strife,  but  through  the  pro- 
cesses of  the  law  or  through  counsel  and  conciliation,  to  compose 
and  eliminate  it.  It  is  his  function  not  to  impede  the  processes 
of  business,  but  through  clarity  of  advice  and  counsel,  to  facili- 
tate them.  Here  is  this  multitude  of  men,  entrusted  by  the 
state  with  the  special  prerogative  of  giving  counsel  and  repre- 
senting in  litigation  the  public  at  large,  and  who  exercise  a  great 
influence  over  the  economic,  social  and  political  life  of  the 
country. 

The  American  Bar  Association's  proposal  is  to  create  condi- 
tions of  such  a  character  that  in  the  course  of  time  every  member 
of  the  profession  shall  have  had  at  least  two  years  in  a  university 
or  college,  which  are,  after  all,  one  of  the  bulwarks  of  democracy 
and  progress,  and  shall  have  devoted  himself  intensively,  at  least 
three  years,  to  the  study  of  his  profession.  Can  there  be  any 
reasonable  doubt  that  the  success  of  such  proposals  will  result 
in  the  material  and  moral  betterment  of  the  legal  profession  and 
of  the  nation  as  a  whole  ? 


8PB0IAL  OOKPHRBNOB  ON  LBGAL  BDUOATION.      643 

I  have  in  mind^  of  coune,  what  has  been  said  about  the 
necessity  of  keeping  the  profession  open  to  all  classes  of  our 
citizens  and  to  all  ranks  of  society;  but  having  in  view  the 
facilities  for  education  presented  by  the  colleges  and  the  uni- 
versities of  the  country  and  the  opportunities  offered  to  in- 
dustrious and  ambitious  men  to  work  their  way  through  college^ 
there  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  privileges  of  the  Bar  would  con- 
tinue to  be  open  to  men  from  every  walk  of  life,  r^ardless  of 
their  financial  means. 

You  cannot,  of  course,  under  any  restricted  conditions,  have 
a  situation  where  admission  to  the  Bar  is  open  to  every  man. 
The  impositioii  of  any  requirements  at  all  necessarily  means 
restriction  and  limitation. 

The  essential  thing  is  not  that  every  follower  of  the  plough, 
every  worker  in  the  machine  shop,  every  man  at  the  forge,  shall 
have  an  opportunity  to  enter  the  legal  profession,  but  rather  that 
the  way  shall  be  open  from  the  plough,  from  the  work  shop,  and 
from  the  forge  to  the  profession  of  the  law,  so  that  men  in  those 
callings  and  similar  callings,  and  their  sons,  may  reach  the  goal 
if  they  have  the  capacity,  the  ambition  and  the  willingness  to 
make  the  sacrifices  which  proper  preparation  reasonably  requires. 

We  will  proceed  with  the  order  of  the  day,  the  general  subject 
for  discussion  being  the  general  character  of  a  legal  education 
which  shotJd  be  given  to  tiiose  coming  to  the  practice  of  the  law. 
This  subject  is  divided  into  four  topics,  the  technical  education 
necessary  to  enable  the  lawyer  to  serve  the  public  is  the  first  part 
of  it.  This  topic  will  be  introduced  by  James  Byrne,  President 
of  the  Bar  Association  of  the  Oity  of  New  York. 

James  Byrne,  of  New  York: 

The  gentlemen  who  have  preceded  me  have  not  only  each 
taken  something  for  himself,  but  they  have  left  nothing  for 
those  that  were  to  follow.  Not  merely  have  they  left  nothing 
for  me,  but  they  took  what  I  had.  I  had  the  argument,  in  the 
very  words  in  which  it  was  uttered,  that  if  the  Bar  was  not  to 
have  a  college  education,  then,  we  were  to  reverse  the  whole  sys- 
tem of  American  education  so  far  as  lawyers  were  concerned.  The 
very  words  that  we  were  a  governing  class,  those  were  mine,  and 
all  the  inferences  that  were  to  follow  from  it.    After  yesterday's 

18 


544  SPBOIAL  OONFBBBNCB  OK  IiBQAL  BDUOATION. 

proceedings  all  that  was  left  me  last  night  was  to  point  out  the 
argument  that  because  we  were  a  public  profession,  it  could  not 
be  logically  said  that  we  should  have  a  less  education  than  if 
we  were  a  private  profession ;  but  Dr.  Welch,  not  even  a  lawyer, 
took  those  words  from  my  mouth. 

And  so  I  have  been  in  doubt  just  how  I  should  act,  just  how  I 
should  deal  with  this  question.  Should  I  say  that  all  of  these 
ar^ments  were  great  discoveries,  which  in  modem  times  particu- 
larly we  know  are  simultaneously  made  by  investigators  in 
various  portions  of  the  world;  these  rare  fruits,  did  they  flash 
upon  minds  in  New  York  and  Baltimore  and  Denver  and  Si 
Louis  at  the  same  moment;  or  should  I  say  they  were  like  the 
words  of  an  old  song  that  it  does  no  harm  to  sing  a  good  song 
twice,  especially  if  you  are  to  join  in  the  chorus.  I  finally  de- 
cided that  the  fact  that  we  are  all  repeating  ourselves,  saying  the 
same  things  over  and  over  again,  shows  that  those  things  are  true. 
And  if  we  are  to  give  the  lawyer  less  education,  require  less  of 
him  than  of  the  doctor,  and  of  the  American  business  man  who 
goes  to  the  business  school,  than  of  the  engineer,  than  of  the  indi- 
vidual in  the  other  professions,  if  we  are  to  say  that  the  lawyer 
should  receive  less  education  than  these  others,  we  are  proceeding 
in  that  direction  contrary  to  the  whole  theory  upon  which  this 
country  has  proceeded  as  to  the  value  of  education  from  the  very 
beginning.  It  is  also  true,  true  beyond  a  question,  that  if  we  are 
a  governing  class,  if  we  are  the  men  by  whom  the  laws  are  to  be 
made,  or  at  any  rate  by  whom  they  are  to  be  enforced,  that 
responsibility  devolves  upon  us  more  than  upon  any  other  pro- 
fession in  the  country;  and  it  is  equally  true  that  in  order  to  ful- 
fill those  terrible  responsibilities  we  ought  to  have  the  highest 
education. 

Now  I  think  at  the  very  outset  we  ought  to  dispose  of  one 
thing.  There  has  been  a  very  able  investigation  that  has  go^e 
on  for  years.  The  result  of  the  investigation  will  be  of  permanent 
value  to  us.  I  refer  to  the  investigation  made  by  the  Carnegie 
Foundation.  The  title  of  the  investigation  is  the  training  for  the 
public  profession  of  the  law. 

We  have  all  got  into  the  habit  of  saying  that  a  lawyer  differs 
from  other  people  in  that  his  profession  is  a  public  one  and  not 
a  private  one.    Now  suppose  that  one  of  us  went  to  a  physician 


SPECIAL  CONFBRBKOB  ON  LBOAL  BDUOATION.  545 

and  said  ^*  Look  here^  this  is  a  serioxis  matter,  I  think.  Are  you 
as  well  educated  as  the  most  favored  men  in  your  profession  ? '' 
The  doctor  replies  '*  Yes,  I  went  to  college,  I  studied  four  years  in 
a  medical  college,  and  then  I  went  to  different  hospitals/'  Then 
we  say  *'Well,  on  the  whole,  then,  you  represent  the  results  of 
the  best  education  that  can  be  given  for  your  profession?'' 
'*  Yes." 

Very  well.  Then  the  patient  becomes  a  client  and  goes  to  the 
lawyer  on  an  important  case,  and  he,  in  turn,  asks  the  lawyer 
''  have  you  as  good  an  education  as  any  of  the  other  men  in  your 
profession  ?  "  The  lawyer  says  *'  That  is  an  extraordinary  inquiry 
to  make  of  me.  No,  I  didn't  go  to  college,  I  simply  went  one  year 
to  a  law  school."  Then  the  client  says  *'  But  the  doctor  says  he 
got  the  best  possible  education  in  medicine,  he  went  to  college  and 
then  afterwards  four  years  in  medical  school."  The  lawyer  con- 
tinues  "  Oh,  well,  that  is  all  very  well  for  him,  but  do  you  know 
any  doctors  who  are  in  Congress  compared  to  the  lawyers  who 
are  there  ?  Can  you  name  a  doctor  who  ever  became  President  of 
the  United  States  for  every  dozen  lawyers  I  can  tell  you  who 
became  President  of  the  United  States?  It  is  all  very  well  to 
educate  your  doctor,  who  belongs  to  a  private  profession,  but 
for  my  profession  you  don't  have  to.  You  don't  think  of  electing 
a  doctor  to  Congress.  I  am  the  man  you  are  going  to  send  to 
Congress.  It  is  all  very  well  to  give  him  a  college  course  and 
then  a  medical  course,  but  in  the  interest  of  democratic  institu- 
tions, you  have  no  right  to  ask  me  to  take  a  college  course  and 
then  a  law  course." 

Now,  what  do  you  think  any  client  would  think  of  the  lawyer 
who  answered  him  that  way.  Of  course  he  would  think  he  was 
a  lunatic.  Of  course,  when  the  client  asks  the  lawyer  that  ques- 
tion, if  he  had  not  had  the  college  education  and  the  training  for 
his  profession  that  the  doctor  had  had  in  his  profession,  he  would 
say  that  it  was  the  subject  of  the  deepest  regret  to  him  that  he 
had  not,  and  he  would  say  that  he  had  tried  in  every  possible  way 
to  continue  his  education,  such  as  he  had  had,  and  would  con- 
tinue  it  until  the  end  of  his  life,  when  perhaps  it  would  be  very 
nearly  the  same,  or  as  much  as  the  education  of  the  man  who  had 
had  every  advantage  of  college  course  in  his  youth.  There  it 
seems  to  me  we  really  come  to  the  point  of  it  all. 


546  SPSOIAL  CONFBBBNOB  ON  LBGAL  BDUCATION. 

I  do  not  believe  there  is  a  man,  there  is  certainly  no  man  in 
the  City  of  !N'ew  York,  who  ia  not  proud  of  the  position  that  men 
in  the  profession  occupy  there  who  have  not  had  the  same  pre- 
liminary education  as  the  great  bulk  of  young  men  coming  to 
New  York  to  enter  the  practice  of  the  law  have  today.  Why, 
it  does  not  make  any  difference  what  you  do  with  men  of  the 
character,  the  moral  qualities,  the  persistence,  the  determination 
to  learn  all  that  is  necessary  to  enable  them  to  serve  their  clients 
in  the  community  to  the  very  best  of  the  abilities  with  which  they 
were  bom.  Of  course,  we  do  not  have  to  consider  those  men, 
they  got  all  the  education  it  was  possible  for  them  to  get  in  their 
time.  If  men  put  obstacles  in  the  way  of  such  men,  if  they  say 
you  cannot  become  a  doctor  or  a  lawyer  unless  you  go  through 
this  form  or  that  form,  they  go  through  it.  So  whenever  we  can 
say  every  man  will  do  this  or  no  man  can  do  this,  of  course  we  are 
meeting  exceptions  in  extraordinary  men.  What  we  have  to  think 
of  in  the  way  of  educational  requirements  is  what  shall  be  the 
requirements  when  it  comes  to  good  average  men,  the  sort  of 
man  who,  if  he  begins  with  studies  which  develop  a  love  of  learn- 
ing and  interest  in  philanthropic  thoughts,  something  besides  the 
ordinary  things  he  needs  to  make  his  daily  living,  will  have 
the  desire  to  go  on  with  his  education  and  learn  more  and  more. 
If  he  has  learned  habits  of  application  in  the  formative  years,  if 
he  sees  men  of  great  intellect  close  at  hand  whom  he  has  learned 
to  admire,  there  is  a  natural  tendency  on  his  part  as  he  grows 
older  to  have  in  his  mind  the  hope  that  he  will  occupy  in  the  minds 
of  others  in  the  profession  the  position  that  those  men  of  learn- 
ing have  had  in  his  own  mind.  That  is  what  happens  to  the 
ordinary  man.  The  thing  is  to  think  what  the  ordinary  man — 
not  the  man  with  the  burning  ambition,  not  the  man  with  the 
strong  moral  sense  of  his  obligation,  but  the  man  who  is  a  good 
fellow,  is  a  good  citizen,  and  has  a  good  brain,  what  are  we  going 
to  do  to  get  the  very  best  out  of  him  for  himself  and  for  his 
country.  That  is  the  problem  before  us  when  we  are  talking  of 
the  education  of  lawyers. 

Now,  then,  again,  we  come  back  to  the  truism  that  if  we  ask 
that  lawyers  should  be  taught  any  other  way  than  people  in  other 
professions  are  taught  in  this  country,  we  are  flinging  away  in 


SPBOIAL  OOMFBBBNOB  ON  LBGAL  XDUOATION.  647 

the  case  of  lawyers  all  the  experience  we  have  acquired  with  the 
rest  of  mankind  in  this  country. 

One  point  that  has  been  constantly  in  my  mind  for  the  last 
40  years  is  not  how  unfair  it  was  to  someone  not  to  let  him 
become  a  lawyer  in  some  easy  way,  but  how  terribly  unfair  it  was 
to  him  to  permit  him  to  become  a  lawyer  in  some  easy  way. 

Why  should  we  let  a  man  who  may  have  a  really  remarkable 
intelligence  enter  into  a  profession  with  a  feeling  of  inferiority, 
thinking  from  the  ouiset  that  there  is  no  use  of  hi%  trying  to  deal 
with  great  constitutional  questions,  that  the  police  court  is  the 
place  for  him  to  go  to  practice.  Why  should  we  allow  men  who 
may  be  quite  as  competent  as  the  great  majority  of  the  men  in 
our  cities  or  land  who  are  dealing  with  important  problems  of 
the  law,  why  should  we  allow  such  men  simply  because  they  do  not 
have  a  chance,  because  we  did  not  force  them  into  taking  a  chance 
of  getting  an  education  and  seeing  what  could  be  developed  from 
it,  why  should  we  be  so  unfair  to  those  men  as  to  allow  ihem  to 
become  lawyers  without  the  proper  preliminary  education? 

I  have  seen  it  in  my  office  there,  as  in  most  of  the  larger 
offices  in  New  York,  for  30  or  40  or  60  years,  at  any  rate,  that 
men  have  been  taken  from  practically  a  very  limited  number  of 
law  schools.  Whether  the  members  of  those  firms  are  right  or 
wrong,  they  thought  it  made  it  easier  for  them  to  have  as  their 
young  assistants  the  men  who  came  from  a  very  small  number 
of  law  schools.  Men  grow  up  in  their  offices.  You  may  be 
sure  today  that  there  is  not  one  such  office  where,  if  an  office  boy 
shows  he  has  very  unusual  abilities  and  industry  and  character, 
they  would  not  see  that  the  boy  learns  all  about  the  opportunities 
for  an  education,  for  a  scholarship,  and  the  ease  with  which  men 
can  go  through  the  greatest  universities  after  having  been  pro- 
vided with  a  very  little  money.  I  say  there  is  not  such  an  office 
that  would  not  insist  on  that  boy  getting  as  good  an  education  as 
the  most  educated  man  in  that  firm  had  for  himself.  If  the  boy, 
however,  has  abilities  which  they  see  might  very  well  be  as  good 
as  the  abilities  of  most  men  at  the  Bar,  and  nothing  further,  I 
doubt  whether  they  would  take  any  very  great  interest  in  him. 
They  would  hear  that  he  was  going  to  school  and.  studying  law 
somewhere,  and  they  would  tell  their  friends  about  him,  and 
they  would  help  him  to  become  a  lawyer  that  way,  but  he  would 


548  SPEOIAL  OONFBBBNOB  ON  LBGAL  SDUOATION. 

not  be  taken  into  that  office.  He  would  go  into  an  entirely 
different  branch  of  the  law.  They  would  follow  him  with  in- 
terest^ and  they  might  send  him  cases  and  all  that,  but  that  boy 
would  be  debarred  from  the  larger  character  of  business  that  is 
conducted  in  those  offices.  And  the  reason  is  that  we  want  men 
who  from  the  beginning  know  how  to  deal  with  things  that 
are  being  done  on  a  large  scale. 

Then  you  hear  today  these  men  from  the  great  law  schools  talk- 
ing about  other  subjects,  the  future  of  the  profession,  the  im- 
provement of  the  law.  I  do  not  believe  there  is  a  large  office  but 
will  expect  the  young  men  who  come  into  it  to  do  some  public 
work.  They  will  not  let  them  work  as  we  have  worked  for  the 
last  40  years.  They  say  you  have  a  public  service  to  perform. 
Dean  Pound  said  in  his  great  address  at  the  Centennial  of  the 
Law  School,  we  have  got  to  see  in  the  case  of  these  conunissions, 
for  instance,  that  a  yoke  is  put  on  their  neck,  as  Coke  and  the 
other  lawyers  in  the  days  of  the  Stuarts  put  a  yoke  upon  the 
bodies  who  tended  to  give  an  oriental  judgnfent  instead  of  one 
according  to  the  common  law. 

Then  we  have  to  be  constantly  looking  for  the  future  of  the 
law  as  to  what  way  it  is  going,  and  under  the  leadership  of  the 
heads  of  the  law  schools,  as  well  as  the  leadership  of  the  heads 
of  Bar  associations  and  of  the  profession,  these  young  men, 
before  they  have  lost  the  habits  of  study  which  they  gained  in  tlie 
law  school,  will  be  the  tools  with  which  this  great  work  of  im- 
proving the  law  will  be  carried  on. 

Chairman  McAdoo: 

Mr.  Byrne  will  now  be  followed  by  Charles  A.  Boston,  of  New 
York. 

Charles  A.  Boston,  of  New  York : 

When  I  thought  of  what  I  was  going  to  «ay  it  seemed  to  me 
that  it  should  emphasize  two  aspects  of  the  specific  topic  which 
was  assigned  to  Mr.  Byrne — the  interest  of  the  public  in  technical 
education.  That  indicated  a  discussion  of  a  technical  education, 
and  of  a  public  interest.  And  then  I  was  invited,  as  you  all  were, 
to  read  this  report  of  the  Carnegie  Foundation,  and  a  number  of 
other  books,  before  we  arrived  at  a  conclusion,  and  I  confess  that 
I  am  a  little  surprised  that  we  have  not  heard  more  about  this 


SPBCIAL  OONFBREKOS  ON  LBGAL  BDUOATION.  549 

report.  It  seenus  to  me  that  the  first  duty  of  the  Bar  to  the  public 
with  respect  to  technical  education  is  to  educate  the  Carnegie 
Foundation  for  the  Advancement  of  Teaching. 

I  read  tiie  annual  report  of  the  head  of  that  institution^  his 
report  to  the  board  of  trustees,  in  which  he  transmitted  thiB 
report  to  the  institution,  and  it  contained  data  with  respect  to 
the  medical  profession  as  well  as  data  with  respect  to  the  pro- 
fession of  the  law.  I  confess  that  I  was  impressed  with  what 
struck  me  individually  as  an  inconsistency  between  the  attitude 
of  that  institution  toward  the  profession  of  medicine  and  its 
attitude  toward  the  profession  of  the  law.  I  think  that  this  differ- 
ence  was  based  upon  the  conclusion,  which  is  stated  as  a  con- 
clusion of  the  compiler  of  this  report,  who  confesses  that  he  is  a 
layman  and  does  not  look  upon  this  professional  question  from  a 
professional  standpoint.  It  seems  to  me  that  therein  the  compiler 
has  bee]>  led  into  a  most  imf ortunate  conclusion,  but  fortunately 
he  states  that  some  of  his  deductionfi  are  mere  guess  work.  My 
own  impression  was  that  more  than  he  confessed  was  mere  guess 
work. 

Now,  one  thing  that  struck  me  about  his  report  is  the  fact  that 
as  you  read  through  the  headlines — ^and  let  me  say  that  it  is  a 
magnificent  contribution  to  information  respecting  education  of 
the  profession,  it  lays  the  foundation  for  some  very  enlightening 
conclusions,  but  in  my  judgment  those  conclusions  are  not  ap- 
pended to  the  report.  In  reading  the  headlines  before  I  got  to 
the  conclusion  I  found  one  chapter  or  part  of  a  chapter  headed 
"Failure  of  the  differentiation  of  the  Bar'^  and 'the  next  part 
was  "  Failure  of  the  unitary  Bar,''  so  that  the  writer  himself 
has  concluded  apparently  that  there  has  been  already  in  the 
experience  of  the  United  States  a  failure  of  a  differentiated  Bar, 
and  he  thinks  a  failure  of  a  unitary  Bar ;  and  yet,  as  I  read  his 
cohclusion,  he  advocates  a  differentiated  Bar,  by  a  differentiation 
not  of  function  but. a  differentiation  of  education.  Though  in 
answer  to  one  of  the  critics  he  has  said  that  he  has  been  mis- 
understood, I  think  if  you  will  all  carefully  read  that  conclusion 
you  will  share  with  me  the  view  that  he  misunderstands. 

Now,  as  I  take  it,  he  advocates  a  differentiation  of  the  Bar  not 
through  differentiation  of  function,  but  through  differentiation 
of  education,  and  then  he  thinks  that  the  function  will  graduate 


550  SPEOIAL  OONFBBBNOB  ON  LBGAL  SDUOATION. 

according  to  the  education.  But  what  does  he  do  in  the  interest 
of  democracy? — and  democracy^  as  I  understand^  lies  at  the 
foundation  of  his  conclusion.  He  advocates  a  distribution  of 
education  according  to  what  he  conceives  to  be  a  class  in  the  com- 
muniiy^  so  that  it  will  tend  to  the  perpetuation  of  class  instead 
of  the  distribution  of  democracy^  and  he  says  *^  We  haVe  it  now/' 
because  the  rich  get  the  good  lawyers  and  the  poor  get  the  rem- 
nant. And  what  is  the  remedy  that  he  suggests?  He  suggests 
two^ — one,  that  you  should  distribute  your  requirements  accord- 
ing to  the  various  institutions^  trying  apparently  to  elevate 
slightly  the  standards  of  both^  but  not  invading  the  province  of 
one  by  elevating  it  to  the  standard  of  the  other.  And  then^  most 
curiously  of  all^  he  advocates  what  seems  to  me  the  least  demo- 
cratic and  the  most  snobbish  proposition  that  could  possibly  be 
advanced/  that  there  should  be  the  cultivation  of  snobbishness — 
although  he  does  not  use  the  word — ^in  the  profession  by  having 
bar  associations  confine  their  membership  to  those  who  are  edu- 
cated according  to  the  highest  standards. 

I  do  not  know  anything  which  in  my  judgment  would  be  more 
destructive  of  the  influence  of  bar  associations  and  more  destruc- 
tive at  the  same  time  of  the  democratic  principle  upon  which  he 
bases  his  conclusions.  There  was  a  statement  made  here  yesterday 
which  it  seems  to  me  unfortunately  used  the  word  aristocracy, 
because  aristocracy  has  an  unfortunate  connotation.  Recently  I 
came  across,  in  reading  an  edition  of  a  book  of  the  Second 
Century,  the  phrase  **  tyranny  of  names.'*  It  seemed  to  me  one 
of  the  happiest  phrases  to  crystallize  an  idea.  We  are  under  the 
tyranny  of  names  when  we  use  the  term  *'  aristocracy  **  in  refer- 
ence to  intellect.  But  we  are  not  under  the  tyranny  of  names 
when  we  use  the  other^  and  it  seems  to  me  better-chosen  phrase, 
that  I  heard  two  or  three  days  ago,  that  indicated  the  real  danger 
of  this  republic  in  the  face  of  this  democracy,  and  that  is  the 
submergence  of  the  few  in  the  interest  of  the  many.  And  what 
few?  The  submergence  of  the  intellectual  and  the  educated  few 
before  that  tyranny  of  the  word,  misunderstood,  democracy.  It 
is  to  the  interest  of  democracy  that  it  cultivate  and  maintain 
an  educated  few  that  they  may  be  guides  and  leaders. 

One  or  two  things  have  come  into  my  hands  in  the  last  few  days, 
and  one  of  them  I  think  forcibly  illustrates  the  opposition  move- 


SPBOIAL  OONKHRBNOB  OK  LBGAL  IBDUOATION.  661 

ment  to  that  which  we  are  nndertaking.  It  is  an  adyertiaement 
of  a  school  in  New  York.  It  starts  out  with  this  false  statement 
of  fact.  It  indicates  that  the  first  thing  you  have  to  combat  in 
the  public  interest  is  a  misconception  of  what  you  are  after^ 
because  it  says^  in  holding  out  a  bait  to  those  whom  it  wishes 
to  enter  in  this  preparatory  school, ''  Recently  the  American  Bar 
Association  passed  a  resolution  requiring  the  law  schools  to  admit 
only  such  students  who  have  completed  four  years  at  high  school 
and  who  have  also  graduated  at  college.'^  So  this  misrepresenta- 
tion has  already  begun  to  operate  as  a  bait  to  deceive  the  boys 
who  cannot  understand  and  cannot  get  information  from  the 
proper  sources. 

Now  I  have  listened  to  what  has  been  said  here,  and  for  the 
purpose  of  conciseness  of  expression  and  not  to  wander  from  the 
subject,  I  have  reduced  to  writing  two  thoroghts  that  I  will 
present  to  you : 

The  first  has  to  do  with  an  attempt  to  analyze  the  views  that 
have  been  expressed  and  are  continually  being  expressed  from 
different  sources,  and  I  find  that  those  views  fall  into  four 
categories,  and  the  first  category  looks  at  it  from  the  standpoint 
of  the  individual.  I  say  four.  Two  great-  categories.  The  first 
great  category  looks  at  it  from  the  standpoint  of  the  individual, 
in  my  judgment,  an  entirely  mistaken  category.  The  second 
looks  at  it  from  the  standpoint  of  the  public,  in  my  judgment  the 
proper  method  of*  view. 

Each  of  those  two  is  subdivided,  and  of  those  subdivisions  and 
an  attempt  on  my  part  to  characterise  them  I  will  now  read. 
But  first  let  me  say  a  word  in  regard  to  my  own  personal  experi- 
ence. I  am  neither  a  graduate  of  a  college  nor  did  I  take  a  three 
years'  course  at  a  law  school,  although  I  think  in  both  respects  I 
acquired  an  equivalent  education.  Whether  that  is  so  or  not,  I 
have  been  trying  to  educate  myself  from  that  day  to  this,  and 
expect  to  continue  the  effort  after  I  get  down  from  this  platform. 

So  I  do  not  allow  my  individual  experience  to  deter  me  from 
favoring  the  recommendations  of  the  wisest  heads  in  the  Ameri- 
can Bar  Association.  I  was  not  required,  \>nt  far  more  I  was 
not  initiated  into  these  prospects  or  these  possibilities,  and  I 
lament  the  fact,  because  when  I  came  to  the  Bar  no  such  advice 
was  given  to  the  aspiring  student.    It  is  only  the  developments 


552  SPBOIAL  COKPESEKOB  ON  LBGAL  EDUCATION. 

of  recent  years  that  have  indicated  that  somebody  who  knows 
should  tell  the  law  student  what  he  ought  to  do  in  order  to 
assume  the  responsibilities  thrust  upon  him. 

In  relation  to  the  subject  before  this  Conference  there  are 
four  views  which  may  be  advocated.  The  first  emphasizes  the 
interests  and  the  desires  of  the  individual  applicant  for  admis- 
sion to  the  Bar.  This  view  moves  along  the  line  of  opportunity. 
There  are  some  people  who  advocate  letting  men  in^  whatever  their 
fitness  or  lack  of  fitness. 

The  second  group  would  require  men  to  submit  themselves  to 
particular  discipline  laid  down  as  the  result  of  experience.  Some 
say^  and  probably  erroneously^  that  this  is  a  division  along  the 
line  of  '*  Poverty  or  Wealth/'  but  it  is  common  knowledge  that 
a  poor  man  can  get  as  good  an  education  as  a  rich  man.  Of  course 
there  are  some  poor  men  who  are  deprived  of  that  opportunity; 
but  there  are  many  poor  men  who  are  able  to  embrace  the  oppor- 
tunity. The  cleaveage  can  no  longer  rightly  be  considered  as  one 
between  "  Poverty  and  Wealth  '^  or  "  Democracy  and  Aristocracy  *' 
— ^it  is  but  a  question  of  whether  the  applicant  is  willing  to 
imdergo  the  requisite  discipline.  There  are  many  well-educated 
poor  boys,  and  largely  for  the  reason  that  so  many  opportunities 
are  given  to  the  poor  boy  willing  to  embrace  them.  The  advocacy 
of  the  '^  poor  boy  '^  is  really  advocating  the  admission  to  the  Bar 
of  the  boy  who  because  of  his  poverty  cannot  fit  himself  for  the 
job.  It  seems  such  advocates  want  the  bars* let  down  in  favor 
of  poverty  and  not  in  favor  of  ability.  The  question  is :  Do  those 
seeking  to  support  this  contention  give  the  superior  place  to 
disciplined^  or  do  they  give  the  superior  place  to  undisciplined 
poverty? 

The  next  group  is  one  not  dominated  by  the  interests  of  the 
individual ;  its  proponents  rather  emphasizing  the  interest  of 
the  public.  This  class  has  two  general  divisions;  one  group  (a) 
opposes  thorough  preparation  for  the  Bar  because  they  conceive  in 
their  minds  that  the  necessary  preparation  becomes  the  privilege 
of  the  wealthy.  The  ultimate  outcome  of  this  view  is  tiiat  it  is 
against  the  public  interest  to  require  any  higher  education  for 
members  of  the  Bar ;  and  the  reason  they  urge  is  this :  It  com- 
mits the  error  of  assuming  that  only  a  rich  man  can  get  the  neces- 
sary education  to  become  a  competent  member  of  the  Bar.    They 


SPBOUL  OONFSEBNOB  ON  LBGAL  EDUOATION.      553 

look  further  ahead  than  do  the  ones  taking  the  IndividualiBt  view, 
and  state  it  would  bring  about  a  condition  of  social  ezclusiveness. 
But  this  group  recognizes  that  the  public  has  need  of  lawyers, 
which  the  group  I  first  mentioned  does  not  recognize.  They  con- 
tend the  public  has  no  such  need.  They  think  the  Bar  is  simply 
some  occupation  by  which  some  people  can  make  a  living,  and  they 
do  not  wish  to  deprive  the  poor  of  any  opportunity  to  make  a 
living. 

However,  the  first  group  in  this  second  category  does  recognize 
that  the  public  has. an  interest  in  the  education,  training,  char- 
acter and  efficiency  of  its  lawyers;  and  they  say,  society  cannot 
effectually  be  carried  on  without  lawyers;  and  for  that  reason 
they  think  lawyers  should  be  representative  of  every  class  in  the 
community ;  that  is,  we  should  have,  not  educated  lawyers  solely — 
but  we  should  have  also  poor  lawyers,  bad  lawyers^  unedu- 
cated lawyers;  and  they  think  they  support  their  proposition  by 
the  statement ''  these  men  can  speak  for  the  classes  from  which 
they  come.*'  Is  not  this  equivalent  to  advocating  that  an  igno- 
rant man  should  have  an  ignorant  man  to  "  represent ''  him  as  a 
lawyer.  Their  view  must  take  that  form  if  baldly  stated.  They 
themselves  might  not  accept  this  statement  of  their  views.  They 
might  urge  that  well-educated  lawyers  must  of  necessity  come 
from  what  is  styled  "  the  aristocratic  class  " ;  and  they  conclude 
"  therefore,  the  public  needs  would  be  warped  in  their  solution  by 
this  single  class  in  the  community/' 

The  fourth  class  recognizes  that  the  public  has  a  vital  interest 
in  its-legal  class.  They  recognize  that  the  legal  class  performs  two 
functions;  one,  that  of  representing  clients;  and,  two,  the  func- 
tion of  guiding  community  growth  along  proper  and  rational 
lines.  These  think — and  quite  correctly — that  to  perform  both 
functions  or  purposes  it  is  undeniably  in  the  public  interest  that 
lawyers  should  be  well  educated  men.  Uneducated  men,  men  of 
immature  minds,  men  of  bitter  prejudices  and  men  of  class 
animosities  are  unsafe  guides  of  a  community,  as  well  as  unsafe 
representatives  for  their  clients.  Their  judgments  are  warped; 
their  vision  is  narrow;  they  are  too  apt  to  act  along  lines  of 
prejudice  and  in  ignorance  of  historical  precedents. 

Hence,  it  seems  established  rationally,  that  the  community 
needs  the  best  attainable ;  but  it  should  not  prescribe  requirements 


554  SPBCIAL  GONFEHBNCB  ON  LBOAL  BDUOATION. 

that  would  defeat  its  own  ends  by  so  limiting  the  number  of  men 
admitted  to  ibe  profession  that  they  eonid  not  perform  the  public 
fanction  that  devolves  upon  them.  Standards  shonid  not  be 
placed  so  high  that  the  number  attaining  to  membership  would 
be  limited  so  they  could  not  perform  the  functions  of  the  Bar. 
Anything  short  of  that  is^  in  my  judgment,  in  the  very  best 
interests  of  the  community;  and  it  is  axiomatic  that  you  cannot 
have  lawyers  too  well  educated. 

Chairman  McAdoo: 

The  next  topic  is  the  failure  of  the  law  office  to  give  an 
adeqi^ate  technical  education. 

The  following  paper  prepared  by  George  E.  Price,  of  West 
Virginia,  was  then  presented : 

The  question  which  I  have  been  requested  to  discuss  is  whether 
an  adequate  legal  education  can  now  be  obtained  by  a  student  in 
a  practicing  lawyer's  office.  What  I  have  to  say  upon  this  ques- 
tion is,  of  course,  largely  the  result  of  my  own  experience  and 
observation ;  in  fact',  a  man  can  only  discuss  matters  of  which  he 
has  had  some  personal  knowledge  and  experience. 

It  is  well  known  that  many  lawyers  of  the  past  generation  and 
quite  a  number  who  are  still  living  and  in  practice,  obtained 
all  their  legal  training  prior  to  their  admission  to  the  Bar,  with- 
out having  the  advantages  of  a  law  school.  This  is  so  in  my  own 
case.  My  whole  training  for  the  Bar  was  obtained  by  study 
under  a  great  uncle  of  mine,  a  retired  lawyer,  a  man  of  culture 
and  learning  of  the  old  schooL  He  had  little  to  do  except  to 
direct  my  studies  and  quiz  me  upon  what  I  had  read,  and  discuss 
with  me  the  legal  and  fundamental  principles  involved.  What- 
ever success,  therefore,  I  have  had  at  the  Bar,  has  been  attained 
without  the  advantages  of  legal  training  in  a  regularly  consti- 
tuted law  school — and  this  may  be  said  also  of  a  large  number  of 
the  most  eminent  lawyers  of  the  past  in  this  country.  There- 
fore, it  cannot  be  denied  that,  as  applied  to  the  past  generations 
and  to  those  still  living  who  were  trained  40  or  50  years  ago,  it 
was  possible  to  obtain  adequate  legal  education  in  a  lawyer's  office 
or  under  private  tutelage. 

But,  times  have  changed,  and  the  methods  of  education  in 
all  lines  have  changed  with  the  times.    There  have  been,  perhaps 


8PB0IAL  COKFEBBNOB  ON  LBGAL  EDUCATION.  555 

greater  changes  in  the  laws  and  in  the  methods  of  acqtiiring 
legal  knowledge  than  in  almost  any  other  profession  or  avocation. 

I  studied  law  in  Frederick  City,  Maryland.  Frederick  City 
was  a  substantial  town  of  12,000  or  15,000  inhabitants,  located 
in  one  of  the  richest  and  most  beautiful  agricultural  sections 
of  the  eastern  part  of  the  United  States.  It  had  a  strong,  well- 
educated  Bar — if  I  should  mention  the  names  of  some  of  the 
lawyers  at  that  time,  they  would  be  recognized  as  leaders  of  the 
Bar  of  the  country.  As  I  recollect  it,  the  legal  business  at  that 
time  consisted  mainly  of  the  settlement  of  estates,  preparation 
and  construction  of  deeds  and  wills,  occasional  actions  inyolving 
land  titles,  actions  of  trespass  and  other  torts  including  a  few 
personal  injury  suits,  suits  relating  to  conmiercial  contracts 
within  what  would  now  be  considered  narrow  limits,  and  the 
usual  limited  criminal  practice  such  as  exists  in  that  kind  of  a 
community.  There  were  several  law  students  or  clerks  in  the 
lawyers'  offices.  It  was  the  habit  of  all  the  lawyers  to  attend 
the  session  of  the  court  at  least  part  of  the  day.  They  frequented 
each  other's  offices,  and  met  each  other  in  the  clerk's  office  or 
gathered  in  groups  in  the  court  house  square  in  good  weather. 
All  took  an  interest  in  any  important  case  that  was  pending  and 
the  questions  involved,  as  well  as  politics  and  governmental 
affairs,  were  discussed.  Forensic  oratory  was  cultivated  and 
elaborate  arguments  were  permitted  and  were  indulged  in  both 
before  the  court  and  the  jury.  The  students  in  the  law  offices 
got  the  benefit  of  these  free  discussions  of  important  questions 
of  law,  and  of  the  dominant  political  issues  and  constitutional 
principles  by  men  who  were  thoroughly  competent  to  discuss 
them  and  who  had  sufficient  leisure  to  enable  them  to  keep 
abreast  of  the  times.  In  those  days  the  average  lawyer  had  the 
time  and  he  made  it  a  part  of  his  practice,  so  to  speak,  to  super- 
vise the  studies  of  the  law  student  in  his  office. 

In  those  days  there  were  no  stenographers  employed  in  law 
offices.  The  lypewriter  was  almost  imknown,  as  I  recollect  it, 
and  the  pleadings  and  deeds  and  legal  papers  were  written  out 
in  long-hand,  either  by  the  lawyer  himself  or  by  the  clerk  in  his 
office.  In  this  way  the  clerk  or  student  got  the  benefit  of  tbe 
actual  preparation  of  legal  papers. 


556  SPECIAL  GONFEBBNGB  OK  LEGAL  EDUOATION. 

The  lawyer  was  a  man  somewhat  apart.  He  was  a  public  man, 
a  servant  of  the  public  in  a  much  larger  sense  than  he  is  today. 
He  was  recognized  as  a  leader  and  adviser  of  the  people  not  only 
in  legal  matters^  but  in  all  public  matters  and  he  rightly  regarded 
his  position  as  one  of  great  responsibility. 

So  it  will  be  seen  from  what  I  have  said,  that  it  was  possible 
for  a  student  in  a  law  office  not  only  to  obtain  an  adequate  legal 
education,  but  to  acquire  the  spirit  of  the  law  and  absorb  the 
higher  sentiments  of  the  leading  men  in  the  profession  and  in 
the  community.  He  was  educated,  not  only  in  the  principles  of 
the  law,  but  he  could  get  the  spirit  of  the  American  lawyer  of 
that  day;  and  this  he  could  get  in  almost  any  community  in  the 
different  states  of  this  union.  I,  of  course,  can  only  speak  of 
Maryland,  Virginia  and  West  Virginia;  I  know  this  was  the 
situation  in  those  states  for  the  period  succeeding  the  Civil  War 
and  up  to  1875. 

But  there  have  been  great  changes  in  this  country  and  in  the 
world  since  those  days.  Of  course,  the  courts  had  before  them 
at  that  time  many  questions  growing  out  of  the  Civil  War,  the 
readjustment  of  the  rights  of  the  states,  and  other  great  ques- 
tions. But  there  was  then  but  little  development  of  corporate 
organization,  such  as  we  know  it  today.  This  phase  of  business 
developed  rapidly,  however.  Its  most  important  phase* was 
the  development  of  the  great  railroad  corporations,  their  pre- 
dominant influence  in  business,  and  their  attempts  at  the  control 
of  political  affairs,  their  discriminations  between  individual 
shippers  and  between  different  communities  in  the  matter  of 
rates  and  shipping  facilities.  This  led  to  the  agitation  of  the 
control  of  the  railroads  by  the  state,  and  the  general  govern- 
ment. It  led  to  the  discussion  of  questions  of  Interstate  Com- 
merce, of  the  powers  of  the  general  government  as  compared  with 
the  powers  of  the  states  in  the  regulation  of  railroad  traffic. 
Laws  were  passed  for  these  purposes  and  there  was  great  litiga- 
tion over  these  questions;  and  finally  the  law  took  the  form  of 
providing  for  railroad  commissions,  and  the  Interstate  Commerce 
Commisfflon  was  created  by  the  federal  government,  and  the 
different  Public  Service  Commissions  were  created  by  the  states. 
These  commissions  were  given  control  not  only  of  the  railroads, 
but  of  all  other  public  service  corporations.    The  questions  as 


8PB0IAL  CONFBBBNOB  ON  LfiGAL  BDUOATION.  557 

to  how  far  the  legislature  could  delegate  its  powers  to  a  com- 
mission of  this  kind,  and  what  was  the  scope  of  the  powers  of 
these  commissions^  and  how  far  their  decisions  were  binding, 
engaged  the  attention  of  the  Bar  and  the  courts  throughout  the 
country. 

Then  the  great  development  of  the  wealth  of  the  country  led 
to  the  concentration  of  it  by  corporate  organizations  into  what 
were  known  as  the  great  industrial  trusts.  The  word  "  trust  *' 
took  on  a  new  meaning,  it  really  represented  a  feeling  of  "  dis- 
trust *'  in  the  eyes  of  the  public  representatives  in  Congress  and 
in  the  state  legislatures.  The  great  combinations  were  legislated 
against  and  the  courts  were  called  on  to^  define  their  limitations 
and  their  activiticfS  or  to  dissolve  them. 

With  the  combinations  of  capital  came,  on  the  other  hand, 
great  combinations  of  labor  often  led  by  radical  leaders  attempt- 
ing to  enforce  their  demand  not  by  means  of  the  courts  or  other 
agencies  of  the  government  but  by  their  own  power — ^by  strikes, 
tying  up  the  great  industries  in  which  they  had  been  employed, 
refusing  to  work  with  any  one  not  a  member  of  the  union  and 
producing  a  condition  of  terrorism  by  violence  and  destruction 
of  property.  Thus  arose  an  attitude  of  antagonism  on  the  part 
of  the  labor  organizations  against  the  organizations  of  capital. 
Out  of  this  came  what  is  known  as  collective  bargaining. 

T^ie  legislatures  and  the  courts  have  had  to  deal  with  this 
troublesome  and  dangerous  situation.  How  far  can  these  com- 
binations be  controlled  by  law?  Is  the  organization  liable  for 
the  acts  of  its  members  ?  What  control  have  the  courts  over  these 
matters?  How  can  these  collective  bargains  be  enforced?  Is 
compulsory  arbitration  possible  ? 

There  has  also  been  established  by  law  what  is  known  as  the 
system  of  Workmen^s  Compensation,  doing  away  to  a  large  extent 
with  actions  for  personal  injuries  received  by  men  in  the  course 
of  their  employment. 

Within  the  time  under  discussion  the  gas  engine  has  been 
invented,  making  possible  the  automobile  and  the  aeroplane,  also 
the  great  development  of  electricity,  chemistry,  the  telephone, 
wireless  .telegraphy  and  many  other  inventions  which  have  almost 
obliterated  space  and  brought  communities  and  the  nations  of 


558  SPECIAL  CONFSBBNOB  ON  LBOAL  SDUOATIOM. 

the  world  closer  together  and  maJdng  for  better  living  and  higher 
standards  of  all  kinds. 

Out  of  all  these  and  many  other  things  that  might  be  men- 
tioned in  the  economic  worlds  has  grown  up  an  immense  body  of 
law  unknown  50  years  ago.  This  astounding  expansion  of  the 
law  has  made  it  necessary  for  lawyers  to  acquaint  themselyes 
with  a  thousand  things  that  the  man  of  a  past  generation  knew 
nothing  of.  The  new  statutes  governing  these  questions  fill 
many  a  volume^  and  the  decisions  of  the  courts  have  accumulated 
in  such  a  way  that  it  is  impossible  for  anyone  to  keep  in  touch 
with  them  by  anything  like  original  investigation. 

I  have  endeavored  in  this  brief  way  to  indicate  something  of 
the  scope  of  the  labors  and  the  field  of  the  activities  of  the 
modem  lawyer. 

He  is  no  longer  a  man  apart;  in  fact,  he  is  merely  an  integral 
part  of  a  great  moving  system.  To  be  effective  he  must  keep  in 
touch  with  these  rapid  developments,  both  in  the  economic  and 
political  world  and  in  the  field  of  the  law.  He  is  obliged  to  keep 
up  some  knowledge  of  the  trend  of  the  decisions  of  the  courts. 
He  no  longer  employs  a  mere  clerk  or  student  to  prepare  his 
papers.  He  dictates  his  papers  to  his  stenographer  and  they  are 
reproduced,  and  manifolded,  upon  the  typewriter.  He  has  but 
little  time  for  anything  else  during  his  office  hours  except  busi- 
ness; that  is,  if  he  is  a  competent  lawyer  and  has  attained  to  any 
responsible  success  in  his  profession.  If  he  has  not,  then  he  could 
not  make  a  very  satisfactory  tutor  or  instructor  of  a  law  student. 
He  no  longer  sits  in  the  chair  in  front  of  his  office  and  discusses 
politics  and  public  affairs.  He  no  longer  resorts  to  the  court 
house  and  listens  to  the  trial  of  cases  in  which  he  is  not  interested. 
When  his  office  work  is  done,  he  seeks  recreation  in  his  auto- 
mobile ;  his  family  demands  that  he  take  some  part  in  social  activi- 
ties. There  is  no  chance  for  his  giving  any  attention  to  the  train- 
ing of  young  men  in  his  office  for  the  Bar.  Instead  of  having  a 
young  man  prepare  his  legal  papers,  it  is  now  done  by  a  smart 
young  woman  who  has  no  aspirations  for  the  Bar. 

Now,  what  is  the  result  of  all  this.  The  result  has  been  the 
building  up  of  law  schools  in  almost  every  state  in  the  country, 
the  gathering  of  the  young  men  who  are  studying  law.  into  the 
imiversities  where  they  can  give  their  whole  time  to  the  study  of 


SPBOIAL  OOKFEBBNOB  ON  LBOAL  BDUOATION.  569 

the  law  under  highly  educated  and  trained  instructors  specializ- 
ing in  the  various  branches  of  the  law^  and  giving  them  the  bene- 
fit not  only  of  the  fundamental  principles  of  the  common  law  as 
it  was  50  years  ago^  but  also  of  the  developments  which  have  taken 
place  since  then  and  of  the  trend  and  tendency  of  modem  legisla- 
tion and  constitutional  government  calling  attention  to  the  latest 
decisions  of  the  courts,  and  especially  developing  and  analyzing 
the  great  fundamental  constitutional  principles  upon  which  this 
free  government  of  ours  is  founded.  Thus,  by  the  association 
with  other  young  men  from  various  parts  of  the  country^  by  the 
influence  and  training  of  cultivated,  patriotic  lawyers  directing 
their  attention  to  certain  specialized  branches  of  the  law,  the 
yeung  man  is  able  to  acquire  such  a  legal  education  as  will  fit 
him  for  the  strenuous,  exacting  duties  of  a  practicing  lawyer  in 
these  modem  days ;  and  in  no  other  way  can  it  be  obtained,  in  my 
judgment. 

The  result  of  what  I  have  said  is  that  the  practicing  lawyer 
who  amounts  to  anything  has  not  the  time  nor  the  inclination  and 
is  not  competent  to  give  to  a  law  student  in  his  ofSce,  adequate 
legal  training.  He  is  not  competent  because  it  is  impossible  for 
any  lawyer  nowadays  to  acquire  and  keep  in  mind  a  knowledge  of 
the  development  of  the  different  branches  of  the  law  so  as  to  be 
able  to  impart  it  to  others.  We  are  obliged  to  specialize  more  or 
less,  even  where  we  have  a  general  practice.  We  have  certain 
classes  of  clients,  and  our  attention  is  directed  along  certain  lines. 
We  become  proficient  in  corporation  law,  in  the  law  relating  to 
railroads,  in  admiralty;  or  with  us  in  West  Yiiginia,  in  that 
branch  of  the  law  relating  to  the  development  of  our  coal  mines, 
our  oil  and  gas  territory,  and  these  things  constitute  almost  a 
branch  of  the  law  of  themselves.  We  must  study  the  law  of  elec- 
tricity and  railroad  law.  Questions  of  Interstate  Commerce  are 
pressing  upon  us  in  our  State  of  West  Virginia  constantly.  Con- 
sequently, if  the  lawyer  is  engaged  in  practice  along  these  lines, 
and  he  is  employed  in  a  case  of  a  different  character,  he  is  obliged 
to  go  to  work  and  revise  his  studies  upon  the  new  questions  and 
ascertain  what  have  been  the  more  recent  decisions  governing  it. 
It  is  not  sufficient  to  go  back  to  Kent,  and  Blackstone,  to  Chitty, 
and  Oreenleaf  on  Evidence ;  and  he  has  not  the  time  to  keep  up  a 
comprehensive  knowledge  of  all  the  branches  of  the  law.    But, 


560  SPSOIAL  GOKFBBBNOB  ON  LEGAL  EDUCATION. 

in  the  law  schools  the  different  prof essors  take  different  branches 
of  the  law,  and  the  students  have  the  benefit  of  their  specialized 
knowledge.  This  immensity  of  the  law  reminds  me  of  the  old 
incident  of  the  young  fellow  in  Alabama  who  applied  for  admis- 
sion to  the  Bar.  The  committee  that  was  appointed  to  examine 
him,  quizzed  him  for  some  time  before  dinner^  and  then  after 
dinner  when  they  were  about  to  resume^  the  yoimg  fellow  told 
them  that  he  had  made  up  his  mind  not  to  go  any  further  with  it. 
When  they  afiked  him  if  he  was  going  to  give  it  up^  he  answered^ 
"  Yes;  the  law  was  very  easy,  but  there's  too  damned  much  of  iV 
If  that  was  so  in  those  old  days,  how  much  more  is  it  true  today  ? 

I  have  mentioned  before  the  manifest  advantages  of  a  student 
who  has  had  the  benefit  of  training  in  one  of  our  great  law  schools, 
a^:  over  one  who  had  the  kind  of  training  that  one  gets  in  a  law 
office.  These  young  men  come  back  after  their  three  or  four  years* 
course  in  the  universities  with  a  comprehensive  view  of  the  law 
and  especially  with  the  training  that  enables  them  to  find  out 
what  the  law  is  and  go  to  its  sources  and  analyze,  and  brief  it. 
They  can  do  their  work  much  more  easily  and  accurately  than 
the  lawyers  of  the  old  days. 

The  conclusion,  therefore,  is  inevitable;  that  it  is  now  almost 
impossible  for  a  young  man  to  acquire  an  adequate  legal  edu- 
cation simply  as  a  student  in  a  law  office;  but  the  provisions  that 
are  made  for  education  in  the  law  schools  in  nearly  every  state 
in  the  union,  the  facilities  for  travel,  and  the  helping  hand  that  is 
always  held  out  to  the  worthy  young  man,  render  it  possible  lor 
almost  anyone  to  obtain  the  necessary  legal  training  under  com- 
petent professors  in  these  schools.  And  very  few  who  have  the 
mental  and  moral  qualities  necessary  to  make  real  lawyers  will  be 
prevented  from  obtaining  admission  to  the  Bar  by  the  require- 
ment of  a  reasonable  course  of  training  in  a  law  school. 

Chairman  McAdoo: 

Attorney  General  Wickersham  will  introduce  the  discussion, 
and  it  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  introduce  a  former  distinguished 
Attorney  General  of  the  TPnited  States,  George  W.  Wickersham. 

George  W.  Wickersham,  of  New  York : 
I  confess  I  am  somewhat  at  a  loss  to  know  how  to  discuss  the 
subject  which  has  been  presented  by  Mr.  Price,  "  The  Failure 


SPBOIAL  CONKERSNOB  ON  LBGAL  BDUOATION.  661 

of  the  Law  OflBce  to  Give  Adequate  Legal  Training/'  The  state- 
ment of  the  topic  involves  a  recognition  of  the  failure  of  the  old 
system  of  legal  training.  The  rapid  increase  in  the  number  of 
law  schools  and  in  the  number  of  students  attendant  upon  them 
is  in  itself  proof  of  that  failure. 

Is  not  the  cause  of  this  fact  to  be  found  in  those  changes 
referred  to  by  Mr.  Boot  in  his  address  to  the  American  Bar  Asso- 
ciation at  Ci^cinnati^  when  he  said: 

'^  The  vast  multiplication  of  tezt^books  and  printed  reports  of 
adjudicated  cases  and  of  statutes,  has  been  already  so  great  and 
is  proceeding  at  such  a  rapid  rate,  that  it  is  plain  that  the  study 
of  the  law  and  the  knowledge  of  the  law  and  the  application  of 
the  law  today  are  widely  different  from  anything  that  existed  50 
years  ago.*' 

Historically,  in  England,  office  instruction  was  confined  to  the 
apprenticeship  of  solicitors'  clerks.  Several  years  drudgery  in 
an  attorney's  office  was  necessary  before  one  could  become  a  mem- 
ber of  that  branch  of  the  profession  which  dealt  with  the 
mechanical  or  business  phases  of  legal  matters.  The  Bar — ^that 
is,  those  entrusted  with  the  conduct  of  causes  before  courts  and 
the  giving  of  legal  opinions  on  questions  submitted  by  solicitors, 
composed  of  the  members  of  the  Inns  of  Court  was  recruited 
nominally  from  those  reading  law  in  the  office  of  the  barrister. 
The  real  work  of  preparation  for  the  Bar  came  after  admission 
by  constant  attendance  upon  the  great  legal  clinics — ^the  courts. 
As  a  rule,  by  force  of  tradition  and  class  distinction,  those  who 
were  admitted  to  the  privilege  of  reading  law  with  barrister  were 
university  graduates — ^gentlemen.  Their  actual  legal  training 
was  acquired  by  service  as  devil  or  junior  counsel  and  by  observa- 
tion acquired  through  attendance  upon  the  courts. 

In  the  early  days  of  our  republic  prevailing  conditions  made 
impracticable  the  separation  of  professional  work  between  solici- 
tors and  barristers;  there  wasn't  enough  work  to  justify  such  a 
partition  of  effort.  And  the  method  of  qualifying  for  the  Bar 
naturally  was  through  the  office  of  a  practising  lawyer.  In  gen- 
eral this  was  unsatisfactory.  Joseph  Stone  has  recorded  his 
experience  in  the  office  of  Samuel  Sewall  which  he  entered  in 
1798.  He  was  thrown  on  his  own  resources  and  attempted  to 
read  Coke  on  Littleton  with  Butler  and  Hargraves  works.  ''After 


662      8PBGIAL  CONFEBBNOB  OV   LEGAL  EDUCATION. 

trying  it  day  after  day  with  very  little  success/*  he  says,  "  I  sat 
myself  down  and  wept  bitterly/' 

William  Wirt,  after  a  perfunctory  examination,  was  admitted 
to  the  Bar  a  "  a  full-fledged  '*  lawyer,  with  limited  knowledge  of 
the  law,  no  particular  resources,  and  a  small  but  characteristic 
library,  consisting  of  a  set  of  Blackstone,  two  volumes  of  Don 
Quixote  and  a  copy  of  Tristam  Shandy. 

That  these  men  overcame  the  obstacles  of  imperfect  unsys- 
tematic instruction,  only  demonstrates  their  extraordinary 
capacity  to  grapple  with  any  adverse  condition  and  to  compel 
success  at  any  cost. 

The  success  or  failure  of  a  law  office  training  depended  upon 
the  lawyer  and  the  character  of  his  practice.  If  he  were  a  oon- 
seientious  preceptor  and  took  the  time  and  pains  required  to 
guide  the  student  and  supervise  his  studies  and  if  his  practice 
enabled  him  to  use  the  student  in  the  preparation  of  bis  cases 
and  in  the  incidents  of  court  work,  the  result  might  prove  fairly 
adequate.  But  I  think  the  greatest  value  a  student  got  from  the 
law  office  method  was  the  inspiration  of  association  with  some 
great  and  inspiring  personality. 

After  all,  more  important  even  than  education  in  the  learning 
of  the  law  is  the  formation  of  character  and  the  development  of 
standards  of  personal  and  legal  ethics  which  require  no  teaching 
of  artificial  codes  of  conduct,  but  which  develop  an  instinctive 
knowledge  of  right  and  wrong,  rendering  impossible  the  tolera- 
tion of  any  conduct  that  is  not  straightforward  and  honorable. 

Such  standards  are  best  acquired  through  association  with 
honorable  and  respected  men.  Such  association  is  as  necessary 
in  a  law  school  as  in  an  attorney's  office.  It  was  the  personal 
character  of  Ames  and  Gray,  Thayer  and  Jeremiah  Smith — ^to 
speak  only  of  the  departed — quite  as  much  as  the  superior 
method  of  instruction,  that  made  the  Harvard  Law  School  pre- 
eminent It  was  the  character  of  E.  Coppee  Mitchell  and  Judge 
Thayer,  professors  at  the  Law  School  of  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  that  made  a  deep  impress  upon  the  students  of 
my  time  who  came  under  their  influence. 

The  law  schools  became  necessary  because  the  growth  and  com- 
plexity of  modem  law  made  it  impossible  for  a  successful  prac- 
titioner to  give  the  time  and  attention  to  his  students  necessary 


8PB0IAL  CONFSRBKOB  ON  LEGAL  BDUOATION.  563 

to  fit  them  to  enter  upon  the  profession  when  so  much  more  was 
required  than  had  been  the  case  in  earlier  years.  But  the  success 
of  the  law  school  will  be  determined,  not  merely  by  the  scope  of 
its  courses  or  the  thoroughness  of  its  instruction,  but  by  the 
character  of  the  teachers.  They  must  be  able  to  inspire  their 
students  with  the  highest  professional  ideals  and  the  most  simple 
unswerving  principles  of  right  living.  Mere  learning  or  clever- 
ness will  not  suffice.  The  universities  must  seek  men  of  inspiring 
character  for  their  professorships,  those  positions  in  which  great 
and  far-reaching  influence  may  be  exerted  upon  the  young  men 
of  succeeding  generations. 

As  I  have  noted,  by  tradition,  the  English  Bar  largely  was 
recruited  from  graduates  of  the  universities.  What  tradition 
effected  in  England,  the  influence  of  the  Bar  must  compel  in  this 
country.  An  increasing  number  of  uneducated  men  are  crowd- 
ing into  the  legal  profession  in  our  large  cities.  I  cannot  speak 
from  knowledge  of  the  rural  communities.  But  the  rules  in  my 
own  state,  applicable  to  all  portions  of  the  state,  permit  entrance 
to  the  profession  by  men  with  ridiculously  slender  qualifications. 
The  law  would  soon  cease  to  be  a  learned  prof essicm  were  these 
standards  to  be  maintained.  No  other  country  in  tiie  world 
permits  men  to  become  lawyers  with  such  a  meagre  educational 
foundation  as  is  fixed  in  the  statutes  and  rules  of  the  greatest 
commercial  state  of  our  union. 

It  is  high  time  the  American  Bar  organized  in  defense  of  its 
best  traditions  and  moved  towards  a  reassertion  and  reestablish- 
ment  of  its  best  ideals. 

During  the  last  seven  years  and  a  half  I  have  served  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Committee  on  Character  and  Fitness  appointed  by  the 
Appellate  Division  of  the  Supreme  Court  in  the  First  Judicial 
Department  of  New  York.  Our  state  is  divided  into  four 
judicial  departments  and  the  first  embraces  the  counties  of  New 
York  and  Westchester.  That  is  the  division  into  which,  by 
far,  the  greater  number  of  the  students  who  apply  for  admission 
to  the  Bar,  make  their  application.  I  have  not  the  figures  here, 
I  wish  I  had,  to  tell  you  how  many  men  have  come  before  that 
committee.  But  I  can  generalize,  without  speaking  accurately, 
as  to  figures  respecting  the  problems  that  we  have  had  to  deal 
with.    I  listened  with  interest  to  Mr.  W.  B.  Hale,  of  Chicago, 


564  SPBCIAL  CONFERSNGB  ON  LEGAL  BDUGATION. 

yesterday^  as  he  spoke  of  the  diJBScultieB  that  the  Illinois  Com- 
mittee has  to  deal  with.  I  presume  our  problem  is  worse  than 
that  of  any  other  part  of  the  United  States  because,  of  course^ 
into  New  York  come  streams  of  immigration  from  all  parts 
of  the  world.  In  the  first  place  the  reasons  for  leading  men  to 
endeavor  to  become  lawyers  are  interesting.  In  probably  90  per 
cent  of  the  continental  bom  who  apply  for  admission,  the  motive 
is  the  effort  at  social  advancement  or  preferment.  In  the  country 
from  which  they  come  the  advocate  occupied  a  higher  social  posi- 
tion than  his  fellows.  Therefore,  quite  naturally  and  quite  com- 
mendably,  their  parents  inspire  them  with  the  desire  to  advance 
in  the  social  scale,  and  they  catch  at  the  idea  quite  quickly,  and 
the  easy  way  to  get  on  and  become  an  advocate  is  to  follow  the 
disgracefully  easy  path  open  by  the  statutes  and  the  rules  of 
court  in  New  York  to  enable  men  to  become  lawyers.  They  are 
not  required  to  have  a  college  education,  they  are  required  to 
pass  an  examination  in  certain  subjects,  an  examination  con- 
ducted by  the  state  university.  The  theoretical  requirements 
are  ridiculously  low,  and  in  the  method  of  carrying  them  out 
we  have  had  strong  reason  to  seriously  complain.  Then  they 
go  to  some  part-time  law  school.  The  less  education  they  have 
the  more  they  seek  the  law  school  that  offers  them  the  easiest 
method  of  qualifying  for  the  Bar.  And  for  a  long  time  the  Bar 
examiners  appointed  by  the  Court  of  Appeals  confined  them- 
selves largely  to  requiring  the  exercise  of  feats  of  memory  and 
many  of  these  men  have  extraordinarily  acute  and  retentive 
minds  and  they  can  learn  any  arbitrary  rule  that  is  laid  down 
for  them.  I  am  happy  to  say  that  recently  the  situation  of  the 
Bar  examiners  has  been  changed  and  we  now  have  a  body  of 
yoimg  men  fully  alive  to  the  needs  of  the  situation  and  desirous 
of  cooperating  to  the  fullest  extent  with  the  local  authorities  in 
making  the  examination  for  admission  to  the  Bar  a  test,  not 
merely  of  memory,  but  of  the  reasoning  faculties. 

Now  there  are  one  or  two  things  that  very  notably  impressed 
themselves  upon  us.  Most  of  the  men  who  come  from  the 
Continent  of  Europe,  and  that  is  largely  those  who  come  from 
Russia  and  Poland  and  Austria  and  Southeastern  Europe — very 
few  come  from  France  and  comparatively  few  from  Germany, 
that  is,  from  Germany  proper — most  of  those  men,  and  I  speak 


SPBOIAL  CONFBBBKOB  ON  LEGAL  BDUOATION.  566 

now  of  what  we  had  before  us  up  to  perhaps  six  months  ago,  and 
before  the  new  committee  of  Bar  examiners  had  really  got  set^ 
taking  the  examination  in  two  parts,  the  examinations  are 
divided  into  laminations  in  substantive  law  and  examinations 
in  adjective  law.  Generally  those  men  passed  the  exan^ation 
because  of  the  arbitrary  rules  which  they  can  memorize,  such 
as  laws  of  procedure,  laws  of  evidence,  statutory  requirements. 
They  pass  those  examinations  the  first  time.  They  seldom  pass 
an  examination  in  substantive  law  the  first  time.  They  take  one, 
two  and  sometimes  three  examinations  in  substantive  law.  My 
associates  and  I  have  been  convinced  that  in  a  very  large  per- 
centage of  the  cases  they  never  get  through  their  heads  a  con- 
ception, an  adequate  conception,  of  the  spirit  and  meaning  of  the 
English  law  which  underlies  our  system.  They  come  from  a 
different  environment,  they  are  products  of  a  totally  different 
system  of  thought  and  training,  and  they  never  do  come  into  full 
realization  of  the  meaning  of  our  law  historically,  the  history  of  its 
growth,  its  development  and  its  significance,  and  it  is  an  appalling 
thought  to  think  of  some  of  those  men  coming,  as  they  do,  and 
getting  into  political  life,  coming  ultimately  to  be  judges  and  in- 
terpreting the  law,  becoming  legislators,  making  and  altering  the 
law,  to  think  that  those  men,  with  their  imperfect  conception  of 
our  institutions,  should  have  an  influence  upon  the  development 
of  our  Constitution,  and  upon  the  growth  of  American  institu- 
tions, is  something  that  I  shudder  when  I  think  of. 

This  condition,  undoubtedly,  is  worse  in  New  York  City  than 
it  is  in  some  of  the  other  places.  But  I  have  no  reason  to  think 
it  is  much  better  in  the  rural  communities.  I  have  no  reason  to 
think  that  things  are  materially  better  there  than  they  are  here. 
Now,  how  are  we  going  to  combat  it  ?  The  law  office  instruction 
hsa,  as  has  been  stated  in  this  topic,  proved  a  failure.  We  must 
insist,  at  all  events,  upon  a  basis  of  general  education  adequate 
to  our  needs  upon  which  to  build,  fulfilling  the  requirements  of 
professional  instruction,  and  then  we  must  see  that  so  far  as 
possible  the  organized  law  schools  model  and  adapt  their  courses 
so  as  to  give  the  best  possible  professional  education  to  men  com- 
ing on  to  the  practice  of  the  law,  ajid  I,  for  one,  have  no  fear  of 
requiring  a  three  years'  course  in  a  law  school,  because  these  very 
men  that  I  speak  of  are  the  ones  who  will  get  that  education. 


566  SPECIAL  OONFBBBKOB  ON  LBQAL  SDUOATION. 

They  get  tbrongh  now  on  the  minimum  requirement;  they  Trill 
always  manage  to  secure  the  Tninimum  requirement^  but  in  the 
process  they  too  will  be  modified,  and  they  too  will  be  improTed 
in  the  final  hour. 

Chairman  McAdoo: 

I  have  pleasure  in  introducing  Thomas  Patterson,  of  Penn- 
sylvania.  ^ 

Thomas  Patterson,  of  Pennsylvania : 

I  trust  I  have  your  sympathy,  because  I  was  asked  to  come  here 
to  present  certain  views  against  the  resolutions  of  the  American 
Bar  Association,  and  in  addition  to  the  unpleasant  position  of 
being  advocatus  didboK  I  am  also  limited  to  seven  minutes. 
Therefore  I  shall  satisfy  myself  with  a  statement  of  my  position. 

I  conceive  it  the  right  and  the  duty  of  the  court  and  Bar  to 
insist  upon  certain  qualifications  before  a  man  shall  enter  upon 
the  public  profession  of  the  law  as  a  practitioner.  I  deny  their 
right  to  determine  the  means  by  which  he  shall  get  those  qualifi- 
cations, unless  there  is  some  reason  so  absolutely  persuasive  and 
overpowering  as  will  necessarily  lead  to  that  result.  Then  I  say 
that  the  man  without  the  means,  without  the  possibility  of  pur- 
suing a  college  course  or  law  school  course,  has  the  right  to  pre- 
pare himself  in  his  library  and  his  office  for  admission  to  the 
Bar  and  to  practice  law  and  to  get  not  only  the  professional  emolu- 
ments that  come  from  such  practice,  but  those  positions  of  public 
trust  to  which  the  profession  of  the  law  is  the  opening  door. 

Now,  just  why  is  it  that  you  believe  the  law  school  has  this 
priority  over  the  office  lawyer  ?  Certainly  not  from  the  history  of 
the  past.  A  Bar  that  has  had  a  Gibson  and  a  Shaw  and  a 
Jeremiah  Mason  needs  no  apologies  to  the  Bar  of  today  as  to 
its  ability,  and  today  practicing  at  the  Bar  are  men  without 
these  qualifications  of  as  high  standards  and  as  much  knowl- 
edge as  any  graduate  of  law  schools. 

I  am  going  to  quote  some  figures,  taken  from  the  records  of 
the  State  Board  of  Law  Examiners.  I  may  say  that  I  have  been 
a  member  of  this  board  for  15  years. 

One  law  school — I  shall  not  mention  its  name — ^has  a  most 
wonderful  record.  Prom  1905  until  1915  only  1.5  per  cent  of 
rejections  occurred,  and  since  1916  only  7  per  cent.    Then  those 


SPBOIAL  OONFBRBNOB  ON  LBOAL  EDUCATION.  667 

figures  drop  as  we  come  to  the  inferior  law  schools  imtil  we  find 
60  per  cent  of  rejections.  In  the  average  law  school — ^this  is  taken 
from  aU  sonrces — 12  per  cent  failed  npon  the  first  trial. 

N0W9  o^  yotir  office  men,  33  per  cent  failed.  In  other  words, 
those  who  come  from  the  office  are  apparently  about  as  well  pre- 
pared so  far  as  the  examination  is  concerned  as  the  average  that 
come  from  the  law  schools.  Bnt  so  far  as  the  very  interesting 
thought  Mr.  Boot  gave  ns  of  the  great  moral  benefit  gained  by 
college  training,  may  I  suggest  that  that  is  not  by  any  means 
certain,  that  there  is  good  reason  to  believe  that  in  many  of  the 
Tlniversities  radicalism  and  socialism  is  very  widespread.  I  know 
it  is  so  in  certain  colleges.  I  have  sat  on  the  platform  of  a  large 
institution  where  there  were  6000  undergraduates  and  I  have 
looked  at  their  thin  faces,  their  undernourished  bodies,  their  heavy 
expressions,  I  have  turned  and  said  "  How  many  of  these  students 
are  studying  the  classics  ?'^  and  the  reply  was  about  a  hundred. 

In  closing,  may  I  suggest  to  you  that  this  is  a  subject  in  which 
we  are  all  equally  interested.  If  you  have  boards  of  examiners, 
trust  them  and  insist  on  their  efficiency.  If  the  requirements 
should  be  higher,  make  them  higher;  but  most  of  all  make  your 
preliminary  examination  include  the  classics,  because  my  experi- 
ence, connected  as  I  have  been  with  the  profession  and  as  a  pro- 
fessional examiner  for  six  years,  has  been  that  there  is  a  heavy, 
persistent  urge  to  take  the  classics  out  of  the  preliminary  exami- 
nation for  registration,  and  although  the  law  school  becomes  and 
is  becoming,  in  the  natural  course  of  competition,  almost  an 
exclusive  training  school,  the  student  also  should  be  required  to 
register  with  a  reputable  practitioner  in  order  that  his  life  may 
be  known.  Nothing  is  less  known  than  a  man  who  attends  a 
foreign  law  school  and  comes  back  with  his  diploma.  But  if  he 
is  required  to  be  registered  with  some  man  of  repute  and  if  he  is 
required  to  pass  the  examination  in  this  great  mental  and  moral 
training  of  the  classics,  I  think  the  question  will  answer  itself 
and  the  improvement  will  come.    I  thank  you  for  hearing  me. 

Chairman  McAdoo : 

The  next  topic  is ''  The  Part-time  Law  School  and  its  Place  in 
Legal  Education.^'  This  topic  will  be  introduced  by  Mr.  Frank  H. 
Sommer,  of  New  Jersey. 


568  SPBCIAL  GONFEBENGB  ON  LEGAL  BDUOATION. 

Prank  H.  Sommer,  of  New  Jersey,  then  read  his  paper : 

Hesitation,  due  to  a  keen  appreciation  of  the  difficulty  of  the 
task,  marked  my  acceptance  of  the  invitation  to  present  in  the 
brief  space  of  15  minutes  *^  The  place  of  the  part-time  law  school 
in  legal  education/* 

Hesitation  was,  however,  overcome  by  the  manifestation  of 
faith,  implicit  in  the  invitation,  in  the  power  of  intensification 
in  exposition  developed  through  instruction  in  a  part-time  law 
school. 

It  will  be  my  effort  to  justify  that  faith.  In  doing  so  I  shall 
refrain  from  disturbing  the  peaceful  rest  of  the  beloved  Lincoln 
which  was  so  frequently  broken  in  upon  yesterday. 

At  the  outset  it  should  be  said  that  the  views  here  expressed 
are  personal,  and  are  not  to  be  taken  as  representing  or  reflecting 
the  opinions  of  my  colleagues  in  the  faculty  of  the  school  from 
which  I  come. 

The  place  of  the  part-time  law  school  in  legal  education  is  that 
of  an  institution  which  affords  an  opportunity  through  system- 
atic, supervised  study,  to  acquire  that  thorough  and  rounded 
equipment  in  knowledge  of  the  principles  of  technical  law  and  the 
ability  to  apply  such  knowledge,  which  is  essential  to,  and  with- 
out which  no  one  should  be  entrusted  with,  the  discharge  of  the 
functions  of  a  lawyer,  advising,  with  the  sanction  of  the  state,  as 
to  legal  duties  and  rights  involving  life,  liberty  and  property. 

It  is  an  institution  which,  in  offering  this  opportunity,  must, 
if  it  properly  fills  its  place,  stress  not  merely  the  function  of  logic 
and  of  precedent,  but  lay  equal  emphasis  upon  the  fact  that  law 
is  not  an  end  in  itself,  but  a  means  to  an  end,  and  that  expediency 
does  and  must  play  a  part  in  its  development  both  through  ad- 
judication and  legislation ;  that  law  is  not  "  inspired  dogma  "  but 
"  an  instrument  of  progressive  social  engineering.*' 

It  is  an  institution  which,  in  affording  this  opportunity,  must, 
if  it  properly  fills  its  place,  so  conduct  its  work  as  to  sink  deep 
the  roots  of  conviction  that  the  practice  of  law  is  not  a  trade;  not 
merely  a  profession,  but  a  public  profession. 

I  readily  assent  to  the  natural  suggestion  that  this  is  the  place 
of  any  school  of  law  worthy  of  the  name  and  whose  goal  is  not 
merely  to  enable  its  students  to  meet  the  test  of  examinations  for 


SPECIAL  OONFBRBKOB  ON  LEGAL  EDUOATION.  569 

admission  to  the  Bar,  which  in  general  are  too  low  in  the  standard 
set 

In  so  far  I  recognize  no  distinction  between  the  place  of  the 
whole-time  and  that  of  the  part-time  school  in  legal  education. 

The  whole-time  and  the  part-time  schools  recognize,  equally, 
that  the  law  is  a  social  institution;  that  it  governs,  and  bears 
alike  on  all  within  the  community,  and  that  the  formulation  and 
deTelopment  of  law  is  consequently  of  equal  concern  to  all;  that 
such  formulation  and  development  must  not  be  in  the  interest  of 
any  special  class ;  and  that  in  such  formulation  and  development 
the  interest  of  the  whole  muft  steadily  be  kept  in  view. 

The  part-time  school  because  of  these  considerations,  however, 
insists  that  conditions  for  entry  into  the  ranks  of  those  to  whom 
the  formulation,  application,  and  development  of  the  law  is  en- 
trusted shall  not  be  set  at  a  point  that,  irrespective  of  capacity, 
confines  admission  to  the  well-to-do. 

It  is  in  view  of  these  considerations  that  the  part-time  school 
consciously  arranges  its  claflsfroom  hours  so  as  to  admit  of  carrying 
concurrently  the  task  of  providing  a  livelihood  and  the  systematic 
study  of  law. 

This  course  is  not  inconsistent  with  the  setting  and  mainte- 
nance of  high  standards. 

It  is  dictated  by  the  considerations  stated  and  by  them  alone, 
and  is  not  prompted  by  considerations  basely  commercial. 

Though  there  may  be  those  among  them  who  have  sinned 
against  the  light,  the  record  of  the  part-time  school  in  general 
supports  these  statements. 

The  part-time  school  has  not  been  a  laggard  in  the  movement 
to  bring  about  the  setting  of  advanced  standards  for  admission 
to  the  Bar  by  legislatures  and  courts. 

In  one  state  the  advance  in  such  standards  is  attributable 
almost  wholly  to  the  persistent  and  for  a  losg  time  highly  xm- 
popular  efforts  of  an  instructor  in  a  part-time  school,  whose 
answer  to  sentimental  and  demagogic  pleas  made  to  defeat  the 
accomplishment  of  his  purpose,  was  to  point  to  the  existence  of 
the  part-time  schools  and  the  opportunity  afforded  by  them. 

Not  infrequently,  too,  the  part-time  school  has  boldly,  ignor- 
ing financial  considerations,  advanced  requirem^ts  for  entrance 


570  SPBOIAL  OONFBBBNOB  OV  LBGAL  XDUOATION. 

and  graduation  beyond  those  set  by  the  state  for  admission  to 
the  Bar. 

In  the  light  of  this  statement  of  the  purpose  of  the  part-time 
school  and  the  attitude  that  it  has  assumed  in  the  past  on  the 
question  of  advancing  the  standards  of  legal  education  and  re- 
quirements for  admission  to  the  Bar^  I  confidently  anticipate 
ready  acceptance  and  support  in  principle^  if  not  in  detail^  by 
those  who  are  interested  in  the  part-time  schools^  of  the  proposals 
of  the  American  Bar  Association  and  of  the  movement  now  under 
way  to  effect  these  proposals. 

The  proposed  requirement  of  two  years  of  study  in  a  college  in 
no  way  contravenes  the  principle  on  which  the  part-time  law 
school  rests  and  upon  the  maintenance  of  which  it  insists. 

The  inevitableness  of  this  requirement  some  of  the  part-time 
schools  Jiave  long  recognized  and  have,  without  awaiting  action 
by  the  state,  provided  for  putting  it  into  effect. 

The  effective  study  of  law  in  the  stage  it  has  now  reached, 
replete  with  the  complexities  and  perplexities  which  mark  a 
period  of  transition  in  which  community  interest  is  displacing 
individual  interest  in  the  spot-light  of  juristic  thought,  requires 
a  broader  and  deeper  background  of  fact,  knowledge  and  cultural 
training  than  is  afforded  by  a  high  school  course. 

That  a  wider  and  more  defii^ite  acquaintance  with  English  and 
American  history,  in  particular,  and  of  world  history  in  general, 
the  social  and  political  sciences,  social  ideals  and  aspirations  as 
expressed  in  literature,  and  with  the  processes  of  business  than 
can  be  acquired  in  a  high  school  course  is,  in  this  day,  requisite 
to  the  effective  study  of  law,  one,  who  has  struggled  to  teach 
graduates  of  high  schools  the  principles  of  constitutional  law 
and  the  principles  of  law  relating  to  certain  phases  of  social  rela- 
tions and  business  transactions,  must  readily  concede. 

The  proposed  requirements  raise  a  necessary  barrier  to  en- 
trance of  the  unfit  and  inadequately  trained  into  the  profession. 

This  barrier  presents,  under  present  day  conditions,  no  insur- 
mountable obstacle  to  the  man  of  average  capacity  unblessed  by 
command  of  an  overplus  of  this  world's  goods. 

Colleges  and  junior  colleges  maintained  as  a  part  of  the  system 
of  free  public  education  increase  in  number. 


8PB0IAL  OOKFBRBNOB  ON  LBGAL  BDUCATION.      571 

A  broader  base  of  endowment  for  colleges  not  publicly  main- 
tained admits  of  a  more  liberal  attitude  in  the  grant  of  free  and 
partially  free  scholarships  to  men  of  capacity. 

In  the  great  centers  of  population  the  part-time  college  is 
finding  itself^  offering  an  opportunity  to  carry  along,  simul- 
taneously, work  affording  a  liyelihood  and  the  pursuit  of  a  college 
program. 

The  rise  of  the  part-time  college  does  not  foreshadow  the 
advent  of  an  era  of  lowered  standards  of  collegiate  training. 

It  marks  the  dawn  of  a  day  of  recognition  of  the  need  of  ad- 
justing educational  progranus  so  as  to  extend  the  opportunity  to 
acquire  advanced  education  to  all  who  may  be  advantaged  thereby. 

Its  rise  marks  a  step  forward  in  the  '^  American  experiment  of 
government  by  the  people  through  enlightenment  of  the  people." 

Years  of  experience  have  fixed,  broadly,  the  content  and  limits 
of  the  college  program;  the  methods  of  conducting  it;  and  have 
established  the  average  time  demanded  in  thorough  preparation 
of  required  class-room  work. 

It  is  upon  this  basis  of  experience  that  the  typical  college 
program  extending  over  four  academic  years  is  framed. 

Its  mastery  calls  upon  the  student  of  average  capacity  to 
devote  to  that  end  subatantially  the  whole  of  his  working  time, 
making  reasonable  allowance  for  those  activities  which  are  re- 
quired to  cool  the  warm  blood  of  youth. 

It  follows  then  that  the  program  of  the  part-time  college  sub- 
stantially identical  with  that  of  the  whole-time  college  must  be, 
as  it  is,  spread  over  a  longer  period  of  time. 

The  place  of  the  part-time  law  school  in  legal  education  is 
identical  with  that  of  the  part-time  college  in  the  system  of  gen- 
eral education. 

Unqualified  assent  cannot,  however,  be  given  by  the  part-time 
law  school  to  the  proposal  that  every  candidate  for  admission  to 
the  Bar  should  give  evidence  of  graduation  from  a  law  school 
which  requires  its  students  to  pursue  a  course  of  three  years  dura- 
tion if  they  devote  substantially  all  of  their  working  time  to  their 
studies,  and  a  longer  course,  equivalent  in  number  of  working 
hours,  if  they  devote  only  part  of  their  working  time  to  their 
studies. 


672  SPECIAL  CONFERBNCB  ON  LEGAL  EDUCATION. 

Unqualified  assent  to  this  proposal  by  the  part-time  law  school 
requires  preliminary  confiideration  of  certain  factors  in  the  law 
school  problem  and  definite  action  with  respect  thereto. 

A  survey  of  the  programs  of  instruction  of  the  schools  of  law 
classified  as  whole-time  schools  in  connection  with  Mr.  Eeed's 
admirable  study — "Training  for  the  public  profession  of  the 
law/'  fails  to  reveal  agreement  as  to  the  number  of  class-room 
hours  per  week  thorough  preparation  for  which  will  require  sub- 
stantially the  whole  of  the  remainder  of  the  working  time  of  a 
student  of  average  capacily. 

The  number  of  class-room  hours  required  by  these  schools  rises 
from  12  hours  per  week.    The  variance  is  wide. 

Some  impose  the  requirement  of  prescribed  collateral  reading 
and  examination  based  on  such  reading. 

Some  permi%the  taking  of  hours  of  class-room  work  in  excess 
of  the  required  number  of  hours. 

Some  permit  the  simultaneous  carrying  of  other  than  technical 
legal  subjects. 

These  considerations,  together  with  my  experience  at  the  Bar 
and  as  a  law  instructor  and  particularly  my  observation  of  the 
results  of  an  experiment  in  intensifying  work  in  legal  training 
which  was  made  necessary  by  conditions  arising  out  of  the  war, 
raise  serious  doubt  whether  the  prevailing  program  of  the  schools 
so  classified  as  whole-time  schools,  in  general,  requires  in  its 
mastery  that  the  student  of  average  capacity  devote  substantially 
all  of  his  working  time  to  his  studies,  unless  *'  working  time  ** 
is  to  be  measured  by  a  standard  which  each  student  may  set  for 
himself. 

This  doubt  has  not  been  lessened  by  observation  of  the  progress 
of  students  who,  without  change  in  working  time  conditions, 
have  passed  in  good  standing  from  schools  classified  as  part-time 
schools  to  schools  classified  as  whole-time  schools  and  from  the 
latter  to  the  former. 

Nor  has  it  been  lessened  by  observation  of  numbers  of  student? 
in  the  whole-time  schools  who  apparently  find  no  diflSculty  in 
mastering  the  required  program  and  at  the  same  time  satis- 
factorily serving  a  clerkship  or  pursuing  more  gainful  occu- 
pations. « 


8PB0IAL  CONFKBSNOB  ON  LBQAL  BDUOATION.  573 

This  doubt  has  been  strengthened  by  the  fact  that  students  in 
schools  classed  as  part-time  schools  which  maintain  a  program 
substantially  identical  with  the  prevailing  program  of  the  whole- 
time  schools,  which  set  examination  papers  which  compare 
favorably  in  searching  qualities  to  those  set  by  the  whole-time 
schools;  papers  judged  by  instructors  trained^  in  many  instances 
in  whole-time  schools;  have  in  great  numbers  mastered  the 
program  without  devoting  '^substantially  all  of  their  working 
time  to  their  studies/' 

Consideration  has  resolved  the  doubt  into  conviction  that  the 
prevailing  law  school  program  does  not  demand  in  its  mastery 
that  the  student  of  average  capacity  devote  substantially  all  of 
his  working  time  to  his  studies  during  a  period  of  three  academic 
years. 

I  am^  however,  also  convinced  that  a  program  adequate  to  pre- 
pare for  efficient  practice  of  the  law  under  the  conditions  of  this 
day  and  of  the  future  will  require  that  the  man  of  average 
capacity  devote  to  its  mastery  substantially  all  of  his  working 
time  through  three  academic  years. 

If  I  am  not  mistaken  in  this  conclusion  as  to  what  is  and  what 
should  be,  it  follows  that  the  standards  set  in  examinations  for 
admission  to  the  Bar  must  be  radically  advanced  and  made  a 
test  of  the  successful  pursuit  of  a  course  of  studies  which  makes 
this  demand  upon  student  effort.  It  further  follows  that  the 
prevailing  program  in  whole-time  and  part-time  schools  requires 
revision. 

Since,  by  the  admission  of  all,  the  house  of  the  law  needs 
setting  in  order,  the  readjustment  should  have  that  quality  of 
thoroughness  which  differentiates  the  spring  cleaning  of  the  good 
housewife  from  that  of  the  sloven. 

With  such  a  revision  of  the  prevailing  program  the  whole-time 
school  will  offer  opportunity  for  adequate  legal  training  to  those 
students  who  are  not  under  the  necessity  of  engaging  in  other 
occupations  and  who  are  therefore  able  to  devote  substantially 
all  of  their  working  time  through  three  academic  years  to  the 
pursuit  of  their  studies,  and  will  in  fact  as  well  as  theory  uni- 
formly demand  of  its  students  that  measure  of  study ;  while  the 
part-time  school  will  offer  a  like  opportunity  to  those,  who, 
because  of  economic  conditions,  are  compelled  to  engage  in  other 


574  8PBGIAL  OONFBBBNGB  ON  LBOAL  SDUOATION. 

oocnpatioiis  requiring  a  substantial  part  of  their  working  time 
while  engaged  in  the  study  of  law. 

The  offer  of  this  opportunity  by  the  part-time  school  will  then 
of  course  inyolve  the  spreading  of  the  required  hours  of  class- 
room work  over  a  longer  period  of  time  than  is  covered  by  three 
academic  years ;  the  extended  period  being  governed  by  the  ^^  free 
time  *'  for  study. 

If  the  suggested  revision  of  the  tests  for  admission  to  the  Bar, 
and  of  the  prevailing  program  of  instruction  in  schools  of  law 
is  made^  unqualified  assent  may  be  given  to  the  proposed 
requirement. 

The  adoption  of  the  suggestions  made  will^  I  submit : 

(a)  Advance  the  standards  for  admission  to  the  Bar  and 
measurably  guarantee  that  the  holder  of  the  state's  license  to 
practice  law  is  adequately  trained  to  deal  with  legal  problems. 

(b)  Baise  the  standards  of  both  whole-time  and  part-time 
schools  of  law  to  a  point  that  assures  in  greater  degree  than  at 
present  the  turning  out  of  lawyers  fit  to  grapple  with  their 
problems. 

(c)  Produce  a  program  of  instruction  that>  shaking  off  the 
dead  hand  of  the  past^  is  adapted  to  present  and  future  needs. 

(d)  Close  the  door  of  admission  to  the  Bar  to  the  unfit  and 
inadequately  trained^  but  throw  the  door  wide  open  to  the  fit 
through  the  provision  of  facilities  for  adequate  training  adapted 
to  the  varying  financial  conditions  of  those  capable  of  mastering 
these  facilities. 

Out  of  the  conditions  which  will  result  from  the  adoption  of 
these  suggestions  and  through  zeal  to  excel  there  will  grow 
another  and  higher  type  of  school  of  law — a  school  of  law  and 
school  of  jurisprudence  combined — a  combination  that  surely 
pedagogical  vision  can  effect. 

This  school  setting  its  admission  requirement  in  advance  of 
the  requirement  of  two  years  of  college  work^  will  offer  a  program 
in  law  that  in  its  mastery  will  demand  substantially  all  of  the 
working  time  of  the  student  through  four  academic  years;  a  pro- 
gram framed  to  equip  for  the  practice  of  the  law,  and  definitely 
for  leadership  in  its  formulation  and  development. 

Out  of  the  student  body  of  this  school  may  be  expected  to  come 
teachers  of  law;  authors  of  treatises  on  legal  topics,  not  mere 


8PB0IAL  OONFBBBNOB  ON  LBQAL  BDUOATION.  675 

digests;  from  its  ranks  may  be  expected  to  be  recruited  men 
capable  of  performing  the  sadly  needed  task  of  simplifying  and 
producing  order  out  of  chaos  in  the  statutory  law;  to  its  gradu- 
ates we  may  look  to  play  an  important  part  in  the  work  of  the 
rapidly  multiplying  administrative  tribunals  which  are  devising 
and  applying  a  growing  body  of  rules  which  have  the  force  of 
law;. from  those  it  sends  out»  advice  and  counsel  may  be  expected 
to  be  increasingly  sought  in  litigation  of  social  and  economic 
import  and  in  framing  legislation  to  meet  the  social  and  eco- 
nomic problems  of  the  new  order. 

To  those  who  complete  the  work  of  such  a  school  some  distinc- 
tion should  be  granted. 

May  I  suggest  that  the  admission  to  practice  in  any  state  of  a 
man  so  qualified  might  well  without  more  entitle  him  to  practice 
in  every  other  state;  and  that  the  rules  governing  admission  to 
practice  in  the  federal  courts  might  well  be  revised  so  as  to  give 
recognition  in  tangible  form  to  such  a  degree  of  preparation  for 
the  practice  of  law. 

Finally^  need  I  say  that  in  my  judgment  whether  a  school 
belongs  in  the  class  of  whole-time  or  of  part-time  schools  is  not 
necessarily  determined  by  the  hours  of  the  day  fixed  for  class 
sessions^  but  by  the  demand  in  preparation  which  its  program 
makes  in  actual  execution  upon  the  time  of  the  student  of 
average  capacity. 

I  venture  to  hope,  though  mindful  of  the  fact  that  I  am  merely 
your  guest>  that  this  Conference  will  approve  the  recommenda- 
tions made  by  the  American  Bar  Association  in  principle,  but 
that  it  will  at  the  same  time  insist : 

(1)  That  the  committee  of  the  Association  shall  classify  no 
law  school  as  maintaining  the  standards  prescribed  in  its  recom- 
mendations without  careful  investigation  not  merely  of  the  pub- 
lished program  of  instruction,  but  of  the  administration  of  such 
program  as  well,  nor  without  requiring  a  statement  as  to  the 
outside  occupations  and  employments  of  its  students  and  of  the 
hours  devoted  to  the  same. 

(2)  That  such  committee  shall  not  classify  a  school  as  not 
maintaining  such  standards  without  careful  investigation  nor 
without  opportunity  to  the  school  to  be  heard. 

19 


576  8PBGIAL  OONFBBBKOB  ON  LBQAL  SDUOATION. 

(3)  That  in  view  of  the  inaction  and  lack  of  agreement  npon 
the  subject  in  the  Association  such  committee  permit  the  aca- 
demic year  1923  to  pass  before  it  places  the  stamp  of  disapproval 
upon  the  work  of  any  school  and  so  afford  a  reasonable  oppor- 
tunity for  readjustment. 

And  finally  that  such  committee  where  the  control  of  require-^ 
ments  for  admission  to  the  Bar  rests  with  the  courts^  and  the 
requirements  for  admission  have  been  set  lower  than  the  stand- 
ards now  recommended^  such  committees  give  publicity  to  its 
disapproval  of  these  courts  like  unto  that  disapproving  publicity 
which  it  purposes  to  mete  out  to  schools  of  law. 

Charles  M.  Mason^  of  New  Jersey : 

Gentlemen  of  the  Conference^  I  am  a  college  graduate  and  I 
am  also  a  law  school  graduate.  At  the  present  time  I  am  dean  of 
the  New  Jersey  Law  School.  The  greatest  diflSculty  that  we  have 
had  in  that  state  has  been  with  the  courts.  We  have  tried  to  have 
them  make  the  time  reqtdred  in  the  law  school  four  years.  In 
the  first  place  we  have  never  been  able  to  get  them  to  require  a 
candidate  for  the  Bar  to  be  a  law  school  or  a  college  graduate. 
He  is  eligible  to  examination  by  obtaining  a  certain  number  of 
counts.  He  is  eligible  to  take  tiie  examination  for  admission  to 
the  Bar  by  spending  three  years  in  a  law  office.  To  a  certain 
extent  the  time  spent  in  a  law  office  is  a  joke.  I  mean  by  that  that 
the  candidate  for  admission  to  the  Bar  is  used  as  a  runner^  he  is 
used  for  miscellaneous  purposes^  and  largely  for  the  reason  that 
the  salary  to  be  paid  him  is  very  low.  In  some  cases  the  old 
attorney  tells  the  clerk  that  in  his  day  he  had  to  pay  for  the 
privilege  of  serving  in  a  law  office.  We  of  the  New  Jersey  Law 
School  are  willing  to  meet  the  requirements  of  two  years.  We 
think,  however,  it  is  merely  a  step.  We  do  not  feel  that  two  years 
in  a  college,  as  most  colleges  are  conducted  and  the  courses  that 
they  offer,  is  going  to  cure  the  errors  in  the  legal  system.  It  is 
merely  a  step  in  the  right  direction,  and  that  is  all.  We  do  feel, 
as  a  representative  of  a  part-time  law  school,  that  the  doors  should 
not  be  closed  to  any  class  of  American  citizens.  We  do  feel  that 
the  standard  should  be  raised,  that  a  high  grade  of  American 
citizenship  should  be  required  of  every  candidate.  We  do  feel 
that  a  high  grade  of  sdiolarship  should  be  required  of  every 


8FB0IAL  OONTSaSNOB  ON  UEGAL  BDUOATIOK.  677 

candidate;  we  do  feel  that  a  high  grade  of  legal  leamiBg  should 
be  required.  But  we  put  the  requirements  back  at  the  doors  of 
the  Supreme  Court  where  it  should  belong  and  their  requirement 
should  be  such  that  a  candidate  should  show  some  evidence  of 
being  a  scholar  and  a  student. 

Clarence  N.  Goodwin  then  submitted  on  behalf  of  the  Com- 
mittee the  resolution  which  appears  at  the  beginning  of  these 
proceedings  (see  page  482  supra). 

The  resolutions  were  then  discussed  by  Julius  Henry  Cohen, 
of  New  York;  and  Charles  S.  Thomas,  of  Colorado. 

At  the  afternoon  session,  February  24,  1922,  Chairman  Good- 
win recognized  John  B.  Sanborn,  of  Wisconsin,  who  said : 

Mr:  Chairman  and  gentlemen  of  the  Conference:  From  some 
inquiries  which  have  been  made  to  me  personally,  and  from  some 
things  which  have  been  said  in  the  discussion,  it  has  seemed  to 
the  Section  of  Legal  Education  that  it  may,  perhaps,  anticipate 
some  things  which  might  come  up,  if  a  brief  explanation  were 
made  as  to  what  has  been  done  and  what  is  being  done  in  regard 
to  the  classification  of  the  law  schools.  As  Mr.  Boot  called  to 
your  attention  yesterday,  the  third  paragraph  of  the  resolutions 
adopted  by  the  American  Bar  Association  commands  the  Section 
of  Legal  Education  to  publish  from  time  to  time  the  names  of 
those  law  schools  which  comply  with  the  above  standards,  and 
the  names  of  those  which  do  not,  and  to  make  such  publications 
available  so  far  as  possible  to  intending  law  students.  Of  course, 
as  he  maicated,  that  mandate  comes  from  the  American  Bar 
Association  and  it  is  the  duty  of  the  Section  to  proceed  with  that 
classification  and  with  the  publication  of  that  information  irre- 
spectiye  of  any  action  of  any  other  body.  Of  course  the  Section 
has  no  power  to  amend  in  any  way  the  standards  which  are  here 
set  forth.  The  Section,  of  course,  appreciates  that  there  are  a 
great  many  things  in  these  standards  which  may  require  some 
consideration,  and  which  may  require  further  definition  in  time. 
The  Section  is  now  endeavoring  to  obtain  from  the  law  schools 
of  the  country  the  necessary  information  to  enable  it  to  make  up 
its  mind  as  far  as  it  can  on  what  are  the  definitions  of  many  of 
these  terms.  I  suggested  this  morning,  for  instance,  the  ques- 
tion of  what  ia  ''  devoting  substantially  all  the  working  time  to 


578  8PBGIAL  CONFBB3SN0B  ON  UBQAL  BDUCATIOK. 

the  snbject/'  That  may  be  a  question  to  which  the  Section  will 
have  to  give  careful  consideration.  Of  course  that  will  necessi- 
tate a  definition  of  those  who  do  not  devote  substantially  all  their 
working  time  to  the  subject.  And  there  are  very  many  other 
things  which  will  require  careful  consideration  before  they  are 
defined.  I  can  say  this^  however^  that  the  Section  is  not  now 
prepared  to  say^  and  I  am  sure  I  could  not  answer  the  question^ 
because  I  do  not  have  the  information^  as  to  what  definition  it 
will  give  to  any  of  these  terms  upon  which  there  may  be  dispute. 
We  do  not  know.    We  have  not  enough  facts  to  proceed  on  as  yet. 

I  asked  from  all  the  law  schools  that  are  here  represented, 
directly  and  indirectly,  that  we  might  receive  from  those  schools 
information  as  to  which  of  them  have  any  idea  that  they  ought 
to  come  in  the  first  class,  or  whatever  you  will  call  it,  of  those 
schools,  and  which  anticipate  within  the  measurably  near  future 
that  they  will  come  within  that  class,  and  asked  that  we  might 
receive  from  them  hearty  cooperation  in  obtaining  the  facts  on 
which  we  must  base  our  action. 

I  speak  of  the  schools  which  anticipate  that  they  may  come 
into  that  classification.  It  seems  to  me  that  these  standards 
for  schools  have  a  double  purpose.  In  the  first  place  they  are  to 
indicate  to  intending  law  students  what  schools  meet  the  stand- 
ards that  the  American  Bar  Association  has  approved.  In  the 
second  place,  they  set  a  goal  toward  which  we  hope  the  other  law 
schools,  or  a  great  proportion  of  them,  will  set  their  pace.  Speak- 
ing for  myself  on  behalf  of  all  the  members  of  the  Section  with 
whom  I  have  been  in  communication,  I  can,  I  think,  assure  the 
law  schools  who  are  within  measurable  distance  of  that  goal  that 
they  will  receive  from  the  Section  every  encouragement  and  every 
recognition,  and  I  anticipate,  although,  of  course,  no  formal 
action  has  been  taken  on  any  of  these  matters,  that  when  it  comes 
to  a  final  classification,  if  we  have  reason  to  believe  that  such 
and  such  a  law  school  will,  in  1923  or  1924,  be  able  to  meet  those 
standards,  we  will  so  announce,  and  not  leave  the  impresswn  that 
that  school  is  entirely  in  the  lower  ranks  and  has  no  idea  of 
coming  up  to  that  goal.  While  we  have  no  subdivision  of  the 
second  class,  as  I  say,  I  think  I  represent  the  sentiment  of  the 
Section  when  I  say  that  some  method  can  be  devised  for  the  plan 
of  giving  recognition  to  those  schools  which,  in  good  faith,  are 


SPBOIAL  OONFBBBNOB  ON  LEGAL  BDUOATIOK.  679 

endeayoring  to  comply  with  the  standards  and  do  not  feel,  as 
many  of  them  properly  do  not  feel,  that  they  can  take  the  jump 
which  in  most  cases  has  come  from  no  college  to  two  years  of 
college  all  in  one  year.  Many  of  them  have  gone  up  one  year 
and  anticipate  going  np  another  year  in  the  near  future. 

Wm.  Draper  Lewis,  of  Pennsylvania : 

May  I  beg  your  indulgence  as  a  member  of  the  Council  of  the 
Section  of  L^al  Education  to  sa^  that  Mr.  Sanborn,  of  course, 
represents,  so  far  as  I  know,  every  member  of  that  Council  in 
his  general  attitude.  I  also  want  to  say  in  r^ard  to  Mr. 
ScHumer's  address  this  morning  that  I  am  quite  certain  that  I 
speak  for  all  the  members  of  that  Council  when  I  say  that  our 
disposition  will  be  to  practically  sit  down  with  him  and  others 
representing  part-time  law  schools,  with  the  object  of  so  arrang- 
ing the  classification  and  carrying  on  the  records  of  the  Ameri- 
can Bar  Association  as  to  help  those  good  part-time  schools  that 
are  desirous,  as  many  of  them,  I  am  quite  sure,  are,  of  conform- 
ing with  and  helping  the  Council  of  the  Section  of  Legal  Educa- 
tion of  the  American  Bar  Association  to  carry  out,  not  only  the 
letter,  but  the  spirit  of  the  directions  which  have  been  imposed 
upon  us  by  the  American  Bar  Association. 

The  Chairman: 

I  take  great  pleasure  in  introducing  to  you,  as  your  Chairman 
of  the  afternoon  the  Honorable  John  W.  Davis. 

Chairman  John  W.  Davis : 

Gentlemen  of  the  Conference,  you  will  not,  I  am  sure,  if  there 
were  no  other  question  than  that  of  time  involved,  expect  the 
Chairman  of  your  closing  session  to  attempt  to  gailier  any 
flowers  of  speech  in  a  field  that  has  been  so  thoroughly  garnered 
as  ours.  I  shall  count  my  duty  fully  done  if,  as  your  presiding 
officer  of  this  session,  I  am  able  within  the  limitations  of  that 
office  to  help  you  gather  in  the  fruit  of  your  two-days'  discussion. 
Without  saying  more,  I  invite  you  to  turn  to  the  business  of  your 
closing  session. 

Mr.  J.  Newton  Fiero,  of  New  York,  then  presented  for  the 
consideration  of  this  Conference  action  taken  by  the  New  York 
State  Bar  Association,  recommending  that  the  standard  of  pre- 


580  8PB0IAL  OONFEBBKOB  OK  LBGAL  EDUCATION. 

liminary  study  for  the  Bar  be  raised  to  a  reqiiirement  of  one  year 
of  college  training  or  its  equivalent  such  equivalent  to  be  formu- 
lated by  the  deans  of  the  law  schools  and  approved  by  the  Educa- 
tional Department  and  passed  upon  by  the  Court  of  Appeals. 

Mr  Cohen  (in  answer  to  an  inquiry)  said : 

It  is  the  opinion  of  the  committee^  and  it  was  the  opinion  of 
the  American  Bar  Association^  that  just  as  in  the  case  of  the 
practice  of  medicine,  it  is  not  practicable  to  secure  a  legal  train- 
ing except  in  a  law  school.  While  it  may  be  practicable  to  secure 
the  equivalent  of  a  general  education  by  industry  and  persever- 
ance, it  is  not  practicable  to  get  the  tools  of  your  trade  in  any- 
thing but  an  adequate  law  school. 

The  resolutions  were  then  farther  discussed  by  John  LowelJ, 
of  Massachusetts;  W.  C.  G.  Hobbs,  of  Kentucky;  and  Michael 
P.  Dee,  of  New  York. 

Josiah  Marvel,  of  Delaware: 

Mr.  Chairman,  I  desire  to  move  an  amendment.  I  have  not 
a  resolution  and  I  cannot  submit  *my  resolution  in  writing,  but  it 
is  sufficient,  perhaps  for  the  committee  and  for  the  information 
of  the  members  if  I  propose  an  amendment  providing  that  the 
courts  and  the  Bar  committees  may,  under  proper  circumstances, 
accept  the  equivalent  of  three  years^  work  in  a  standard  law 
school.  That  will  be  using  the  same  language  that  they  have 
used  regarding  two  years  in  a  college.    I  move  that  amendment. 

Gkorge  A.  Ward,  of  the  District  of  Columbia: 
I  second  that  motion,  Mr.  Chairman. 

Mr.  Marvel: 

In  moving  this  amendment  I  am  largely  moved  by  my  very 
keen  desire  that  this  Conference  do  something  that  will  prac- 
tically advance  the  standard  of  the  Bar.  We  assume,  to  a  degree, 
to  be  the  leaders  of  the  Bar  of  this  country;  we  assume,  to  a 
degree,  to  attempt  to  lead  public  thought  in  this  country  regard- 
ing the  relations  of  the  Bar  to  the  public.  A  leader,  as  you 
know,  is  one  who  is  going  in  the  same  way  with  the  people  but 
a  bit  in  advance.  If  they  go  too  far  in  advance  and  disappear 
around  the  comer  they  axe  no  longer  leaders,  they  axe  lost.    I 


SFBOIAL  OONFBRBNOB  ON  LBOAL  BDUOATIOK.      881 

am  yery  fearful  that  the  reeolntion  of  the  Ameiican  Bar  Asao- 
dation^  aa  modified  even  by  thia  Coni^erence^  ia  attempting  to  go 
too  f aat.  I  think  it  ia  not  practical.  I  think  we  cannot  rapidly 
carry  it  into  effect,  that  ia,  not  ao  rapidly  aa  we  would  if  we  ahow 
the  bar  aaaociationa  through  the  country  what  we  propoae  aa  a 
atandard  and  urge  them  to  cauae  the  atudenta  at  their  Bara  to 
reach  that  atandard  aa  rapidly  as  possible.  So  that  your  own 
committee  waives  the  American  Bar  Aaaociation  atandard  aa  to 
two  years  of  college  and  aays  under  proper  circumstances  we 
recommend  that  that  be  waived.  Now  I  aak  you  to  go  one  step 
further,  that  the  courta  and  Bar  committeea  throughout  the 
country  may  be  permitted  to  waive  three  yeara  at  a  coU^e  law 
school  under  proper  circumstancea.  If  it  were  thought  that  that 
waa  impoaaible,  aa  Mr.  Gohen  add  a  while  ago,  that  a  proper 
preparation  for  the  Bar  and  the  making  of  a  good  lawyer  could 
only  be  obtained  in  a  law  achooL  I  would  atand  with  the  mover 
of  this  resolution,  but  all  history  refutes  that.  If  you  aay  it 
cannot  be  done,  then  I  cite  you  John  MarahalL  If  you  aay  it 
cannot  be  done,  I  cite  you  four  membera  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  United  Statea  aitting  today.  If  you  aay  it  cannot  be  done, 
I  cite  you  every  member  of  the  judiciary  of  my  State  of  Dela- 
ware, not  only  of  our  atate  courta,  but  of  the  United  Statea 
Courta,  and  our  membera  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Appeala  of  the 
Third  Circuit.  It  can  be  done.  It  ia  different  from  a  doctor. 
Turn  the  right  boy  into  my  library,  or  into  youra,  with  the 
proper  effort  and  ability  and  time,  and  he  can  come  out  aa  good 
a  lawyer  aa  many  college  graduatea  and  better  atill.  It  can  be 
done  without  the  law  school  and  I  aak  you  that  the  boy  who 
fumiahea  the  proper  effort,  the  proper  ability  and  the  proper 
character  and  producea  to  a  law  committee  or  a  court  that  which 
is  the  equivalent  of  three  years  at  law  school,  let  him  come  to  the 
Bar  aa  thoae  of  hia  predecessors  have,  for  the  purpose  of  entering 
upon  a  career  that  may  be  a  benefit  not  only  to  himaelf,  but  to 
the  community  in  which  he  Uvea. 

W.  H.  Ellia,  of  Florida: 

Mr.  Chairman,  I  will  offer  aa  a  aubatitute  the  following,  and 
with  the  peimiaaion  of  the  Chair  I  will  read  what  I  have  pre- 
pared.   It  is  not  my  purpose  to  offer  any  word  in  def enae  of  this 


682  8PB0IAL  CONFEBBNOB  ON  LEGAL  BDUOATION. 

resolution^  deeming  that  it  speaks  for  itself.  And  regarding  the 
proposition  before  this  body  as  one  largely  in  the  nature  of  a 
local  question^  I  offer  this  resolution : 

Whirbas,  a  reasonably  high  standard  of  character  and  literary  and 
technical  training  should  be  required  of  all  persons  desiring  to  practice 
the  profession  of  law  in  the  United  States,  and 

Whebbas,  The  subject  is  one  with  whicn  the  Bar  of  each  state  should 
deal  through  its  own  organization  as  an  instrumentality  of  the  State, 
therefore 

Be  it  Resolved,  That  the  State  Bar  Associations  represented  in  this 
convention  pledge  themselves  to  such  activities  in  their  respective  states 
as  may  lead  to  the  enactment  of  such  legislation  as  shall  v»t  in  the 
Bar  of  each  state  the  power  to  prescribe  such  qualifications  for  admission 
to  the  Bar  as  may  be  deemed  suitable. 

Mr.  Boot: 

Mr.  Chairman,  I  have  to  leave  in  10  minutes  to  take  a  train; 
may  I  ask  the  indulgence  of  this  body  to  use  five  minutes  of  that 
time  ?  There  have  been  two  kinds  of  suggestions  made  in  oppo- 
sition to  the  approval  of  the  action  taken  by  the  American  Bar 
Association.  One  is  in  recognition  of  the  serious  evil  with  which 
our  Bar  ought  to  deal.  The  evidence  that  has  been  produced 
from  many  lips  here  during  the  past  two  days  shows  that  this 
nation,  more  than  one-half  of  which  has  come  to  live  in  cities 
where  men  know  little  of  each  other,  can  no  longer  maintain  a 
Bar  of  the  quality  and  character  that  has  built  up  this  republic 
in  accordance  with  the  customs  and  usages  of  earlier  and  simpler 
times  when  men  lived  in  rural  communities  and  knew  all  about 
each  other.  But  the  recognition  of  that  fact  distinctly  made, 
for  example,  by  the  gentleman  from  Florida,  who  proposed  the 
substitute  a  few  minutes  ago,  is  accompanied  by  a  pious  hope, 
a  resolution  wholly  ineffective  to  cure  anything,  just  such  as  we 
have  been  having  for  a  quarter  of  a  century  before  the  American 
Bar  Association  finally  came  to  a  concrete  conclusion,  which,  if 
adopted,  will  accomplish  something.  I  think  that  the  proposal  of 
my  friend  from  Delaware,  Mr.  Marvel,  is  of  the  same  general 
character.  It  is  to  approve  the  standard  but  remove  the  standard 
at  the  same  time.  Now,  for  heaven^s  sake,  do  not  let  us  stultify 
ourselves.  If  there  is  something  wrong,  as  there  certainly  is,  let 
us  deal  with  it,  and  not  use  weasel  words  about  it. 

Another  class  of  objection  was  illustrated  this  forenoon  by  my 
friend,  the  former  senator  from  Colorado,  Mr.  Thomas,  for 
whom  I  have  had  for  40  years  or  more,  since  we  first  met  in  the 


SPBOIAL  OONFBBBNOB  OK  LBOAL  EDUOATION.  683 

Supreme  Court  of  the  TTnited  States,  not  only  great  adn>iration, 
but  warm  friendship.  Now  my  good  friend  was  responding  not 
to  a  study  of  this  subject,  but  responding  to  the  natural  reaction 
of  a  man  who  rather  dislikes  to  have  the  old  traditions  of  his  life 
interfered  with  by  somebody  else. 

I  am  willing  to  admit  that  if  you  concentrate  your  attention, 
as  he  did,  upon  Thomas  and  me,  you  do  not  need  any  cure.  We 
are  too  old  to  be  anything  else.  Wheneyer  trouble  comes  it 
comes  in  the  fact  that  this  Bar  of  ours  is  being  filled  up  to  the 
brim  at  every  term  of  court  by  thousands  of  young  men  whom 
nobody  knows  anything  about.  And  the  question  is  how  to  get 
a  line  on  them  so  that  you  can  keep  the  fellows  out  that  are 
merely  tiTing  to  get  an  opportunity  to  blackmail  and  grind  the 
face  of  the  poor,  merely  seeking  an  opportunity  for  more  suc- 
cessful fraud  and  chicanery  by  having  a  law  shingle.  How  can 
you  let  in  the  good  fellows,  the  earnest,  sincere  fellows,  and 
keep  out  the  black  scoundrels  of  the  future  ?  I  have  not  heard  any 
suggestion  that  takes  the  place  of  saying  that  you  shall  have  a 
period,  in  the  nature  of  a  period  of  probation,  where  two  things 
shall  happen  to  you ;  where  you  shall  be  tmder  the  observation 
of  men  whose  testimony  regarding  your  daily  walk  and  conversa- 
tion will  be  accepted  as  proving  whether  you  are  the  right  stuff 
or  not,  and  the  other  that  you  shall  be  under  such  conditions 
that  you  will  be  taking  in  through  the  pores  of  your  skin  Ameri- 
can life  and  American  thought  and  feeling. 

My  friend  Thomas  did  not  do  himself  justice  in  the  story 
about  the  banker  who  said,  ^'  Damn  your  religion,  show  us  your 
collateral.^'  That  is  not  his  character.  That  did  not^come  from 
Thomas.  That  did  not  come  from  his  heart.  It  came  from  the 
nature  of  the  proposition  that  he  was  arguing  and  I  am  against 
it.  God  forbid  that  that  shall  be  the  principle  applied  to  build- 
ing up  the  American  Bar  of  the  future.  Above  all  the  stocks 
and  bonds  that  can  be  made  into  collateral,  stands  as  a  guarantee 
of  the  future  of  our  great  and  prosperous  country,  the  character 
of  the  men  who  come  to  be  called  to  the  Bar.  I  hope  sincerely 
that  this  Conference  of  men  who  hold  dear  the  good  name  and 
the  prosperity  and  the  moral  qualities  of  the  communities  and 
states  from  which  they  come,  will  not  here  vote  to  stop  the  only 
effort  the  Bar  has  ever  made  to  answer  the  prayers  of  the  good 


584  SPBOIAL  00K7BBBN0B  ON  LBQAL  BDUOATION. 

people  who  want  our  country  better^  and  to  answer  the  terrible 
responfiibility  that  rests  upon  it  to  maintain  the  free  institutions 
which  axe  to  perpetuate  liberty  and  order  in  our  dear  country. 

All  that  the  opposition  here  comes  to  is  simply  to  stop^  to  stop ! 
to  do  nothing  I  stop  the  American  Bar  Association^  disapproYe 
them,  tell  them  they  should  do  nothing  1  How  much  better, 
instead  of  beating  OTsr  the  prejudices  and  memories  of  a  past 
that  is  gone^  it  is  to  take  dear  old  Edward  Everett  Hale's  maxim, 
^^  Look  forward,  not  back ;  look  upward,  not  down,  and  lend  a 
hand/' 

Chairman  Davis : 

The  pending  motions  will  be  put  in  order.  The  first  question 
is  on  the  substitute  offered  by  the  gentleman  from  Florida, 
Mr.  Ellis.  As  many  as  axe  in  favor  of  that  substitute  will  say 
"Aye.*'  Contrary,'*' No.''  The  "  No's "  have  it  and  the  substi- 
tute is  lost. 

The  motion  is  now  upon  the  amendment  offered  by  the  gentle- 
man from  Delaware,  Mr.  Marvel.  As  many  as  are  in  favor  of 
that  amendment  will  say  "  Aye,"  contrary,  "  No."  The  amend- 
ment is  lost. 

The  next  motion  is  the  one  offered  by  the  committee,  moved 
by  Judge  Goodwin  and  seconded  by  Mr.  Cohen.  As  many  as  are 
in  favor  of  the  adoption  of  this  resolution  will  say  ''Aye." 
Opposed,  "  No."  The  "Aye's "  have  it  and  the  resolutions  are 
adopted. 

Mr.  Cohen : 

I  offer  the  following  resolution,  and  I  ask  that,  in  view  of  the 
fact  that  this  calls  for  action  on  the  part  of  the  delegates  and 
alternates,  attention  be  paid  to  it.  It  is  the  only  other  resolu- 
tion that  will  be  offered  on  behalf  of  the  committee : 

Resolved,  That  the  delegates  and  alternates  from  each  state  shall 
nominate  one  person  to  represent  the  State  on  a  committee  to  be  known 
as  "The  Advisory  Committee  on  Legal  Education  of  the  Conference 
of  Bar  Association  Delegates/'  The  duty  of  the  Committee  shall  be  to 
advise  and  cooperate  with  the  Section  of  Legal  Education  and  Admis- 
sions to  the  Bar  of  the  American  Bar  Association  to*  promote  the  adop- 
tion of  the  standards  of  legal  education  and  admission  to  the  Bar 
approved  by  this  Conference,  and  encourage  the  improvement  of  legal 
education. 


BPBOUL  OONKBRBNOB  ON  LBOAI«  BDUO^TIOK.  688 

W.  A.  Hayes^  of  Wisconsin : 

Mr.  Ghairman^  I  think  the  brief  motion  I  am  about  to  make 
is  appropriate.  There  is  ill  in  the  city  one  oi  the  great 
men  of  the  country  and  one  of  its  great  citizens  and  one  who  had 
been  one  of  its  great  public  servants.  I  refer  to  the  gentleman 
who  is  a  great  educator  and  who^  28  years  ago^  appeared  before 
the  Section  of  Legal  Education  of  the  American  Bar  Association 
and  delivered  a  most  learned  and  stirring  appeal  for  the  broader 
education  of  the  members  of  the  Bar.  I  move  a  rising  vote  of 
sympathy  for  the  early  and  complete  recovery  of  former  Presi- 
dent Woodrow  Wilson. 

(A  rising  vote  of  sympathy  was  extended  to  Ex-Ptesident 
Wilson.) 

The  Conference  thereupon  adjourned. 

At  the  dinner  following  the  Conference  on  February  24,  1922, 
addresses  were  made  by  Cordenio  A.  Severance,  of  Minnesota; 
Harry  M.  Daugherty,  Attorney  General  of  the  United  States; 
William  L.  Prierson,  former  Solicitor  General  of  the  United 
States  and  George  Wharton  Pepper,  U.  S.  Senator  from  Penn- 
sylvania. 

William  Draper  Lewis,  of  Pennsylvania,  then  presented  the 
following  paper  entitled :  ''  A  Method  of  Bringing  Law  School 
Students  in  Touch  With  Practicing  Lawyers  of  High  Profes- 
sional Ideals.*' 

We  often  hear  it  said  that  young  men  coming  to  the  Bar  today 
are  ignorant  of,  or  indifferent  to,  correct  standards  of  pro- 
fessional conduct.  But  I  wonder  if  those  who  have  not  had 
frequent  contact  with  young  lawyers,  other  than  those  employed 
in  the  best  law  ofiBces,  know  how  serious  conditions  really  are. 
All  but  the  first  six  years  of  my  professional  life  have  been  spent 
as  a  law  teacher  in  a  large  city.  I  therefore  know  the  average 
young  lawyer.  I  do  not  say  that  conditions  are  worse  or  better 
than  they  were  25  years  ago.  In  my  own  city  of  Philadelphia 
perhaps  they  are  slightly  better;  but  that  is  only  one  city,  and 
the  facts  may  justify  the  very  general  feeling  that  moral  con- 
ditions at  the  Bar  are  not  improving.  Neither  do  I  know 
whether  the  average  morals  of  those  now  being  admitted  to  the 


686  SPBOIAL  OONFEBSNOB  ON  LBGAL  BDUOATION. 

Bar  are  better  or  worse  than  the  morals  of  the  older  members  of 
the  Bar.  The  young  man  about  to  be  admitted  has  not  yet  had 
an  opportunity  to  promote  needless  litigation^  swindle  his  clients 
or  deceive  the  court.  But  I  do  know  that  present  conditions  are 
serious — ^more  serious  than  most  of  you  realize.  Many  law 
students  today  being  admitted  to  the  Bar  lack  that  informed 
conscience  and  will  to  maintain  high  standards  of  conduct  which 
are  essential  if  they  are  ever  to  become  as  lawyers  what  they 
should  be — ^promoters  of  justice. 

There  are  three  forces  which  tend  to  make  better  the  moral 
character  of  the  law  student — ^hard  legal  study^  a  knowledge  of 
legal  ethics  and  personal  contact  with  lawyers  of  high  character. 

The  mere  fact  that  one  man  knows  more  than  another  does 
not  of  necessity  make  him  more  sensitive  to  moral  impulse. 
Mastery  of  the  science  of  the  law,  however,  comes  only  with  hard 
study,  and  the  student  who  acquires  the  habit  of  working  out  a 
legal  di£5culty  until  he  solves  it  usually  acquires  at  the  same  time 
moral  integrity.  The  man  who  as  a  law  student  is  unwilling  to 
be  dishonest  with  himself,  refusing  to  pretend  to  know  when  he 
knows  he  does  not  know,  as  a  lawyer  is  rarely  dishonest  in  his 
dealings  with  court  or  client.  Hard  students  who  acquire  a  real 
mastery  of  the  law  are  occasionally  rascals,  but  not  often.  It  is 
a  frequent  experience,  and  one  of  the  satisfactions  of  the  life  of 
a  teacher  of  law,  to  see  the  indifferent  yoxmg  man  of  the  first 
year,  as  his  interest  in  his  studies  increases,  grow  stronger 
morally  as  he  grows  stronger  intellectually. 

Again,  full  knowledge  of  the  ethics  of  the  profession  is  of 
course  important.  The  moral  impulse  to  do  right  is  of  little 
avail  if  the  conscience  lacks  a  knowledge  of  the  right.  Rules  of 
correct  professional  conduct  are  or  ought  to  be  the  result  of 
practical  experience  of  that  conduct  which  tends  to  promote  the 
administration  of  justice.  Some  of  these  rules  of  conduct  come 
to  us  instinctively,  but  others  and  their  reasons  have  to  be  ex- 
plained. Bar  associations  are,  therefore,  amply  justified  in  in- 
sisting that  law  schools  conduct  formal  courses  in  legal  ethics, 
even  though  the  experience  of  most  law  teachers  shows  that  it  is 
not  less  important,  as  occasion  arises  in  the  course  of  class-room 
instruction  on  matters  of  substantive  law  practice,  to  drive  home 
W  ethical  rule  by  a  practical  illustration. 


8PBCIAL  OONFBRBNGS  ON  LEGAL  BDUOATIOK.  687 

Formal  instniction  in  correct  professional  conduct^  howerer^ 
as  well  as  practical  illustrations  of  the  application  of  ethical 
mles^  will  often  fall  on  barren  soil^  unless  the  law  student  is 
subjected  to  the  third  force  to  which  I  have  referred — ^personal 
contact  with  lawyers  of  high  professional  ideals.  For  good  or  ill 
our  moral  character  is  affected — in  most  cases  profoundly  and 
permanently  affected — ^by  the  impressions  made  on  us  as  boys 
and  young  men  by  parents,  teachers  and  friends.  There  is  no 
educational  substitute  for  the  effect  on  law  students  of  personal 
contact  with  lawyers  who  themselyes  jealously  maintain  the  best 
traditions  of  the  profession.  All  present  systems  of  legal  educa- 
tion fail  to  provide  adequately  for  this  contact. 

The  office  system  of  legal  education  always  had  its  serious 
defects  as  a  method  of  teaching  principles  of  law.  But  when 
the  lawyer,  even  in  the  cities,  usually  had  his  office  on  the  ground 
floor  of  his  dwelling,  when  the  non-existence  of  typewriter, 
stenographer  and  the  title  insurance  company,  made  the  student 
who  could  copy  legal  forms  of  some  real  use  to  his  preceptor,  the 
office  system  did  supply  this  important  element  of  personal  con- 
tact between  present  members  of  the  Bar  and  those  who  were 
seeking  admission  to  the  profession.  The  preceptor  came  into 
personal  contact  with  the  law  student,  and  the  law  student  not 
only  knew  his  preceptor  well,  but  in  connection  with  his  pre- 
ceptor's business  acquired  an  acquaintance  with  other  members 
of  the  Bar. 

Legal  education  in  the  past  40  years  has  made  great  advances. 
The  graduates  of  our  schools,  even  of  those  schools  not  ordinarily 
considered  of  particularly  high  grade,  probably  know  more  law, 
and  have  a  clearer  understanding  of  legal  principles,  than  most 
of  the  students  admitted  to  the  Bar  from  1825  to  1876.  As 
stated,  however,  our  present  systems  of  legal  education  lack  what 
the  office  system  in  its  best  days  had — ^the  element  of  personal 
contact  between  the  Bar  and  the  law  student.  We  are  admitting 
each  year  hundreds  of  young  men  who  cannot  be  said  to  know  a 
single  member  of  the  Bar  or  the  court  to  which  they  are  ad- 
mitted; indeed,  in  our  larger  cities  there  are  many  young  mem- 
bers of  the  Bar  who  may  practice  for  several  years  without  having 
any  real  personal  acquaintance  with  any  lawyer  whom  a  judge, 
mindful  of  good  legal  traditions,  would  think  of  appointing  a 


s 
588  SPBCIAL  CONFEBENGS  ON  LBGAL  EDUOATION. 

member  of  a  Bar  admission  committee.  And  yet,  in  spite  of  this 
fact,  some  lawyers  wonder  why  so  many  young  practitioners  look 
upon  the  practice  of  law  afi  a  mere  money  making  trade. 

The  important  task  of  those  who  wonld  do  something  to 
strengthen  the  moral  character  of  law  students  is  to  restore  to 
our  system  of  legal  education  this  element  of  personal  contact 
between  students  and  lawyers  of  high  professional  ideals,  without 
losing  what  we  have  gained  on  the  intellectual  side  by  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  good  law  school.  There  is  no  reason  why  tliis 
should  not  be  done,  provided  the  Bar  recognizes  the  importance 
of  doing  it,  and  also  recognizes  two  facts;  first,  that  it  cannot 
be  done  by  restoring  in  whole  or  in  part  the  system  of  law  student 
registration  in  a  lawyer's  office;  and,  second,  that  it  cannot  be 
done  by  throwing  the  responsibility  for  doing  it  entirely  on  the 
law  schools. 

The  system  by  which  a  young  man  learned  law  in  a  law  office 
has  beed  dead  for  decades.  The  illusion  that  it  still  exists  is  one 
of  those  things  that  impede  legal  educational  progress.  To  sit 
in  a  lawyer's  office  and  read  a  law  book,  or  to  act  as  his  typewriter 
or  stenographer,  is  not  to  **  go  through  a  law  office  '*  in  the  old 
sense  of  the  word.  The  so-called  office  student  of  today  learns 
his  law  not  in  the  law  office,  but  in  the  afternoon  or  evening  law 
school.  The  law  student  has  not  left  the  law  office,  the  law  office 
has  left  the  law  student.  In  the  modern  law  office  there  is  a 
place  for  a  typewriter,  a  bookkeeper  and  a' clerk;  there  is  a  very 
real  place  for  the  law  school  graduate  who  is  well-grounded  in 
legal  principles  and  knows  how  to  find  the  law;  but  there  is  no 
place  at  all  for  the  young  man  who  wants  to  sit  around  and  pick 
up  the  odds  and  ends  of  practice  whik  he  reads  examination 
cram  books  or  good  or  bad  legal  text-books.  To  attempt  to 
secure  some  personal  contact  between  the  Bar  and  law  students, 
by  requiring  that  part  of  the  student's  time  shall  be  spent  in  a 
lawyer's  office  is  worse  than  useless.  In  most  cases  personal 
contact  between  preceptor  and  student  will  not  result,  and  in 
many  of  the  few  cases  in  which  it  will  be  secured  the  contact 
will  not  be  morally  stimulating  to  the  student.  Most  law 
teachers  will  testify  that  the  student  on  whom  no  moral  impres- 
sion can  be  made  is  the  student  who  is  having  some  ''experi- 
ence "  in  a  law  office,  the  reputation  of  which  is  not  all  that  can 


8FB0IAL  OONFBBBNOB  OK  LBOAL  HDUOATION.  589 

be  desired.  Furthermorey  the  lequirement  of  office  registration 
may  be  so  worded  as  to  prevent,  or  mBke  it  difficulty  for  the 
student  to  obtain  adequate  legal  training  in  a  good  law  school. 

On  the  other  hand^  as  stated^  we  cannot  throw  the  responsi- 
bility for  introducing  into  our  modem  legal  system  the  element 
of  personal  contact  entirely  on  the  faculties  of  our  law  schools. 
True,  any  teacher  of  law  worthy  of  the  position  he  holds  can 
count  among  his  students  many  whose  personal  friendship  he 
will  always  retain.  The  nimiber  of  students,  however,  which  any 
law  teacher  can  really  know  is  limited;  and  what  is  more  to  the 
point,  this  limit  falls  far  short  of  the  number  he  can  teach  with 
efficiency.  Thus  a  group  of  six  or  seven  resident  law  teachers, 
that  is,  teachers,  who  are  not  in  active  practice  and  who  devote 
their  time  to  their  work  as  teachers,  can  instruct  with  reasonable 
efficiency  from  300  to  500  law  students.  On  the  other  hand, 
they  cannot  really  know  that  number,  neither  can  any  one  of 
them  really  know  one-sixth  of  that  number.  What  actually  takes 
place  in  our  leading  law  schools  today  ia  that  there  is  in  each 
school  a  group  of  20  to  60  students  who  have  a  more  or  less 
intimate  personal  acquaintance  with  one  or  more  members  of  the 
faculty.  The  remainder,  among  whom  are  many  of  those  who 
need  the  influence  of  personal  acquaintance  the  most,  do  not 
have  it.  This  is  not  the  fault  of  our  law  teachers.  *  You  cannot 
expect  law  teachers  to  carry  on  the  research  and  study  necessary 
to  teach  their  subjects  effectively  and  also  to  have  time  to  come 
into  distinctly  personal  contact  with  a  large  number  of  their 
students. 

And  there  is  another  reason  why  even  the  more  modern  law 
school  cannot  of  itself  fuUy  supply  this  essential  l^al  educa- 
tional element  of  personal-  contact  between  law  student  and 
lawyer.  Grant  that  the  man  who  devotes  himself  to  teaching 
law  is  as  a  rule  a  better  teacher  than  the  man  who  has  to  free  bis 
mind  from  the  cares  of  his  practice  before  be  enters  the  class- 
room; grant  that  today  among  law  teachers  will  be  found  some 
of  the  best  known  and  leading  members  of  the  legal  profession ; 
the  fact  remains  that  the  profession,  though  a  learned  profession, 
is  primarily  a  profession  composed  of  practitioners,  and  the 
young  man  coming  to  the  Bar  of  a  particular  court  should  know 
and  be  known  by  some  at  least  of  those  who  already  form  the 


690  SPECIAL  CONFEBBNCB  ON  LBGAL  EDUCATION. 

Bar  of  that  court.  We  must  not  forget  that  the  old  office  system 
at  its  best  not  only  brought  the  law  student  into  contact  with  his 
preceptor^  but  gave  to  the  leaders  of  the  Bar  some  knowledge  of 
the  young  men  studying  for  admission  in  the  various  offices. 

The  problem  of  introducing  into  our  legal  educational  system 
the  element  of  personal  contact  between  law  students  and  mem- 
bers of  the  Bar  of  high  professional  ideals^  while  it  cannot  be 
solved  by  attempting  to  return  in  whole  or  in  part  to  the  old 
office  system^  or  by  throwing  the  responsibility  for  solving  it  on 
the  schools^  can  I  believe  be  solved  by  a  united  effort  on  the  part 
of  bar  associations  and  law  faculties.  The  definite  suggestions 
I  am  about  to  submit  may  be  def  ective^  but  I  have  a  firm  belief 
that  only  by  cooperation  between  interested  members  of  the  Bar 
and  law  teachers  can  we  surround  the  modem  law  student  with 
those  influences  which  will  tend  to  create  in  him  an  effective 
desire  to  maintain  the  best  traditions  of  our  profession. 

My  suggestions  are  these : 

1.  State  or  local  courts  or  state  or  local  bar  associations^  as 
may  best  suit  particular  conditions^  to  appoint  legal  educational 
committees :  In  large  centers  of  population^  the  number  of  the 
members  of  the  committee  to  be  about  one-tenth  or  one-fifteenth 
the  average  number  of  registered  law  students  in  the  territory 
for  which  the  committee  is  appointed. 

2.  No  person  of  whose  moral  character  the  committee  is  not 
reasonably  assured  to  be  allowed  to  register  or  continue  to  be 
registered  as  a  law  student^  or  to  be  given  the  right  to  take  a 
final  examination  for  admission  to  the  Bar. 

3.  All  applications  for  registration  as  a  law  student  to  be 
made  to  the  committee^  no  applicant  to  be  registered  until  a 
report  has  been  made  to  the  committee  concerning  him  by  a 
member  of  the  committee  especially  appointed  to  become  per- 
sonally acquainted  with  him. 

4.  On  registration  each  student  to  be  assigned  to  a  member 
of  the  committee ;  a  substantially  equal  number  of  students  be- 
ing assigned  to  each  member.  The  duty  of  the  member  to  whom 
a  student  is  assigned  beings  to  keep  in  touch  with  him^  become 
acquainted  with  him^  obtain  reports  concerning  him  from  the 
faculty  of  the  law  school  he  attends^  and  make  annually  a  report 
concerning  him  to  the  committee. 


SPBOIAL  OONFBBBNOB  ON  LBGAL  SDUOATION.  691 

5.  The  committee  from  time  to  time  to  arrange  for  receptions, 
dinners,  or  other  joint  meetings  of  the  members  of  the  com- 
mittee, the  r^stered  law  students  and  such  members  of  the 
Bench  and  Bar  as  may  be  invited ;  such  meetings  as  far  as  prac- 
ticable to  be  arranged  at  Christmas  or  other  law  school  vacation 
period,  so  that  they  may  be  attended  by  the  students  without 
interference  with  their  studies. 

6.  The  committee  to  take  any  other  steps  they  may  deem 
advisable  to  promote  a  real  acquaintance  with  and  a  correct  pro- 
fessional feeling  among  those  studying  for  the  admission  to  Bar. 

If  these  suggestions  have  any  value,  it  is  not  that  in  practice 
their  operation  will  keep  all  undesirables  from  the  Bar,  but 
rather  that  their  operation  will  t^id  to  make  those  who  are 
admitted  aware  of  the  tone  and  spirit  which  should  guide  a 
member  of  our  profession  in  his  relations  with  courts,  with  other 
members  of  the  Bar,  and  with  the  public. 

The  moral  educational  importance  of  personal  contact  between 
the  best  now  at  the  Bar  and  the  law  student  can  hardly  be 
exaggerated.  Do  you  wish  to  maintain  the  law  as  a  profession  ? 
Then  realize:  You  cannot  maintain  the  practice  of  the  law  as 
a  profession  unless  you  have  among  the  members  of  the  Bar 
ideals  of  service  and  of  courtesy.  You  cannot  maintain  these 
ideals  unless  those  lawyers  who  now  have  them  are  willing  to 
take  of  their  time  to  see  that  the  young  men  who  seek  admission 
to  the  profession  are  thrown  imder  influences  which  will  tend  to 
produce  them.  The  responsibility  for  the  morals  of  law  students 
should  not  be  thrown  entirely  on  the  law  schools.  As  a  law 
teacher,  I  tell  those  of  you  who  are  on  the  Bench  or  in  active 
practice  that  in  our  work  of  teaching  law  vre  need  your  friendly 
counsel  and  advice ;  but  that  in  creating  about  our  law  students 
the  proper  moral  professional  atmosphere  we  need  more  than 
that^— we  need  your  intelligent  cooperation  and  help.  The  sug- 
gestions here  made  may  be  faulty.  If  so,  modify  them.  But  let 
us  start  here  in  this  Conference  to  get  together  to  do  something 
to  strengthen  the  moral  character  of  the  future  members  of  our 
profession. 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF  THE 

SEVENTH  ANNUAL  CONFERENCE  OF  BAR 
ASSOCIATION  DELEGATES* 

Attendance  at  the  meeting  of  the  Conference  of  Bar  Association 
Delegates  held  in  San  Francisco,  Aug.  8,  1922,  was  larger  than 
ever  before,  except  when  the  Conference  held  its  special  meeting 
to  discuss  legal  education  in  Washington,  D.  C,  in  February, 
1922,  and  a  larger  number  of  associations  were  represented. 

The  number  of  delegates  who  registered  was  297.  The  Asso- 
ciations represented  included  the  American  Bar  Association,  the 
Bar  Associations  of  Hawaii,  the  District  of  Columbia  and  forty- 
four  states;  ninety-two  local  associations  were  represented.  The 
British  Columbia  and  the  Vancouver  Bar  Associations  were  also 
represented  by  guests  of  the  Conference.  In  1921  there  were 
a  total  of  210  delegates  representing  forty  state  and  seventy-six 
local  associations  within  the  United  States. 

Chairman  Clarence  N.  Goodwin  presided  over  the  Conference. 

The  following  officers  were  elected  for  the  ensuing  year: 
Chairman,  Charles  A.  Boston  of  New  York  City;  Vice-Chair- 
man, W.  H.  H.  Piatt  of  Kansas  City,  Mo.;  members  of  the 
Council,  Clarence  N.  Goodwin  of  Chicago  and  Jefferson  P. 
Chandler  of  Los  Angeles ;  Secretary,  Herbert  Harley  of  Chicago ; 
Treasurer,  Nathan  William  MacChesney  of  Chicago.  The  mem- 
bers of  the  Council  who  continue  in  office  ajre:  Elihu  Boot, 
Thomas  W.  Shelton,  Julius  Henry  Cohen,  Stiles  W.  Burr, 
William  V,  Eooker  and  Thomas  J.  O^Donnell. 

In  his  opening  address  Chairman  Goodwin  paid  a  deserved 
tribute  to  Mr.  Elihu  Boot,  to  whose  foresight  the  creation  of 
the  Conference  was  due.    This  was  the  first  time  that  the  Con- 

*The  list  of  delegates  from  State  and  Local  Bar  Associations,  regis- 
tered at  the  seventh  annual  Conference  of  Bar  Association  Delegate^ 
follows  these  proceedings.  See  page  600. 

(602) 


BAB  ASSOCIATION  DELBGATBS.  593 

ference  had  ever  met  without  the  attendance  and  active  support 
of  its  founder.    Judge  Goodwin  said,  in  part: 

It  was  not  in  his  opinion  sufficient  that  the  American  Bar  Association 
should  meet,  discuss  in  an  academic  way  great  problems  of  Judicial 
administration,  enjoy  the  pleasure  of  meeting  old  friends  and  congenial 
associates  and  depart  inspired  with  the  spirit  of  the  meetini^.  To  his 
active,  energetic  and  dominant  mind,  these  things  meant  nothmg  unless 
th^  resulted  in  action.  He  had  and  has  the  clearest  vision  of  the  defects 
in  our  administration  of  justice  and  the  shortcomings  in  the  Bar  itself, 
and  his  mind  eagerly  sought  and  seeks  a  means  by  which  these  defects 
and  shortcomings  may  be  speedily  remedied.  It  was  quite  characteristic 
of  the  man  that  he  should  see  uiat  they  could  never  be  remedied  by 
the  annual  meetings  of  the  distingui^ed  members  of  the  American  Bit 
Association,  imless  those  meetings  could  result  in  the  active  efiforts  on 
the  part  of  state  and  local  bar  associations  everywhere  to  bring  about 
better  conditions  in  the  courts  and  at  the  Bar 

Elihu  Root  has  through  his  untiring  seal  creaied  in  this  Conference 
a  great  national  institution  which  has  become  the  very  right  arm  of  the 
American  Bar  Association  of  which  he  is  so  loyalbr  a  son.  We  regret  his 
absence  but  I  seise  upon  this  present  opportimity  which  his  absence  gives 
to  pay  this  small  tribute  to  his  great  genius  and  self-sacrificing  zeal. 

I  have  referred  to  the  Washington  Conference  particularly  because 
it  is  a  milestone  along  the  path  of  the  American  Bar  Association  in  its 
efforts  to  bring  about  imity  of  action  on  the  purt  of  the  bar  afsociations 
of  the  country. 

Lack  of  progress  in  securing  better  conditions  in  judicial  administra- 
tion and  Bar  conditions  has  not  been  for  want  of  persistent  efforts  on 
the  part  of  the  Bar  associations  of  the  country.  It  has  been  rather  because 
those  efforts  were  not  co-ordinated,  were  spasmodic  and  lacked  that 
unitv  of  action  necessary  to  success.* 

The  American  Bar  Association,  however,  when  it  had  reached  definite 
conclusions  in  regard  to  the  matter  of  higher  standards  of  legal  educa- 
tion had  the  vision  to  see  that  nothing  definite  could  be  accomplished 
without  the  co-operation  of  the  state  and  local  bar  associations. 

Address  by  M.  Aubbpin. 

The  morning  session  of  the  Conference  was  addressed  by  the 
distinguished  representative  of  the  Bar  of  Paris,  M.  Aubepin, 
whose  description  of  his  own  Bar  and  the  requirements  for 
admission  to  practice  was  especially  pertinent 

The  Bar  of  Paris,  the  speaker  said,  is  governed  by  a  council 
of  twenty-four  who  must  have  been  at  least  ten  years  in  practice, 
but  who  usually  have  been  in  practice  for  twice  as  long.  The 
council  and  its  presiding  officer,  the  b&tonnier,  exercise  entire 
control  over  admission  and  discipline.  Applicants  must  pursue 
legal  studies  for  three  years  after  obtaining  college  degrees.  An 
inquiry  into  their  moral  qualifications  is  conducted  by  a  com- 
mittee of  the  Bar.  They  are  admitted  to  practice  in  the  courts 
because  they  have  been  received  first  by  the  Bar* 


594      PBOGEEDINGS  OF  THB  SBVBNTH  ANNUAL  OONFEBBNOE  OF 

Members  are  subject  naturally  to  continuing  discipline  and 
it  is  a  duty  of  the  bUtonnier  to  take  cognizance  of  any  reported 
delinquency.  He  will  cause  an  investigation  to  be  conducted, 
and  the  report  may  lead  to  trial  before  the  council  or  a  committee. 
If  found  guilty  there  will  be  admonition,  suspension  or  expulsion, 
depending  upon  the  gravity  of  the  offense. 

While  an  ancient  body  and  one  controlled  largely  by  tradition, 
the  Paris  Bar,  said  M.  Aubepin,  is  entirely  democratic.  Its 
members  elect  their  governing  board,  and  no  person  can  presume 
to  practice  law  who  is  not  a  member  of  their  body. 

Report  on  Bab  Organization. 

On  behalf  of  the  Committee  on  Bar  Organization,  Chairman 
Goodwin  presented  a  report  of  unusual  interest,  since  it  intro- 
duced a  most  fruitful  idea  and  also  told  of  encouraging  progress. 
The  new  proposal  is  to  create,  in  any  integrated  state  Bar,  a 
legislative  council,  not  to  take  any  part  in  the  government  of 
the  Bar,  but  to  take  the  initiative  in  formulating  legislative  pro- 
grammes. It  is  proposed  that  this  Council  be  made  up  of  the  Bar 
Governors,  the  lawyer  members  of  the  legislature,  the  Attorney 
General,  and,  if  he  be  a  lawyer,  the  Governor  of  the  state. 

The  reasons  for  the  proposal  are  best  shown  by  quoting  from 
the  report: 

Justice  is  obviously  the  foundation  of  social  order;  without  it  nothing 
is  permanent — nothing  is  stable.  Clearly  Uie  integritv  of  the  lawyer  is  as 
essential  to  successful  judicial  administration  as  the  integrity  of  the 
judge. 

The  lawyer's  position  as  a  public  official  requires  immunity  from  in- 
quisition on  account  of  the  confidential  character  of  his  relation  to  his 
client,  and  freedom  from  espionage.  The  position  thus  assured  him  i)ut8 
it  in  his  i)ower,  so  long  as  he  holds  his  office,  to  do  evil  with  practical 
impunity  if  he  is  so  disposed,  and  to  defeat  the  ends  of  jus^ce,  particu- 
larly in  criminal  cases.  Subornation  of  perjury,  spiriting  away  witnesses, 
and  similar  crimes  may  be  easily  detected,  but  are  almost  impossible  of 
proof  in  criminal  prosecutions.  We,  therefore,  emphasize  the  point  that 
the  poeseflsion  of  the  office  of  lawyer  gives  the  power  to  do  wrongs  against 
society  which  threaten  its  very  foundations. 

We  cannot,  however,  lessen  the  privileges  of  the  office,  or  take  away 
from  the  saf^ards  which  protect  communications  between  lawjrer  and 
client  without  giving  judicial  administration  a  tsrrannical  aspect  inimical 
to  dvil  liberty.  The  lawyer  must  remain  free  and  independent  in  the 
exercise  of  his  sacred  office  and  it  is,  therefore,  of  paramount  importance, 
that  the  character  of  those  who  exercise  its  functions  be  free  from 
suspicion 

The  fact  that  the  lawyer  holds  a  public  office  by  commission  from 
the  state,  makes  it  essential  that  there  be  lodged  in  the  entire  body  power 
to  see  that  the  functions  of  the  office  are  properly  performed,  and  that  in 
case  of  obdurate  misconduct,  the  commisBion  be  speedily  withdrawn. 


BAR  ASSOOUTION  DEI.B6ATES.  595 

We  do  not,  ui  this  oountry,  believe  in  the  divine  right  of  even  a 
President  or  Chief  Justice  to  retain  his  office  if  he  be  guuly  of  miscon- 
duct, biit  we  are  confronted  with  the  fact  that  the  office  of  lawyer  is 
retained  by  many  whose  misconduct  is  notorious. 

The  experiment  tried  here  for  a  hundred  and  fifty  years  has  shown 
that  the  Bar  cannot  be  governed  effectively  through  the  Bench;  the 
experience  of  centuries  elsewhere  shows  that  the  Bar  can,  when  given 
power,  govern  itself  and  make  the  word  "  lawyer  "  a  badge  of  honor. 

The  Conference  has  recommended  a  Board  of  Bar  Governors  pref- 
erably chosen  by  districts,  given  full  powers  of  Bar  government,  and, 
through  control  over  funds  paid  into  the  state  treastuy  as  license  fees,  the 
means  to  carry  on  activities  essential  to  the  welfare  of  the  Bar. 

To  this  program  your  committee  respectively  suggests  l^e  addition  of 
a  Council  of  the  Bar  to  be  composed  of  the  Bar  Governors,  the  lawyer 
members  of  the  legislature,  the  Attorney  General  of  the  state,  and  the 
Governor  of  the  state  if  he  be  a  hkwyer,  and  that  the  function  of  this 
council  be  to  consider  suggestions  for  the  improvement  of  the  adminis- 
tration of  justice  and  changes  in  methods  of  Bar  government. 

The  thoi^t  is  inspired  l^  the  fact  that  the  lawyers  of  the  legislative 
and  executive  branches  of  the  government  have  through  actual  experi- 
ence, in  some  cases  extending  over  decades,  an  intimate  knowledge  of 
tile  history  of  judicial  legislation  which  would  make  their  counsel  in* 
valuable  in  the  consideration  of  any  proposal  for  better  judicial  adnuni»- 
tration. 

In  the  past  we  have  in  our  bar  associations  taken  up  such  proposals, 
referred  &em  to  committees,  discussed  them  at  annual  meetings,  and 
finally,  sometimes  after  years  of  consideration  formulated  them  as  bills 
for  legislative  enactment,  but  have  been  shocked  and  grieved  when  the 
legislature  which,  of  course,  has  the  legal  responsibility  in  the  matter, 
has  dechned  to  accept  our  recommendations  without  investigation  and 
has  been  unable  to  find  the  time  necessary  for  an  independent  investiga- 
tion of  its  own. 

When  we  have  urged  that  our  recommendations  be  accepted  as  the 
representatives  of  the  Bar,  the  legislators  have  replied  by  inconsiderately 
pointing  out  the  fact  that  we  represent  only  a  part  of  it  and  when  we 
have  at  times  somewhat  tactlessly  suf^^ested  that  we  represented  the 
beet  elements  in  the  Bar,  the  fact  has  been  unpleasantly  brought  to  our 
consciousness  that  the  majority  of  the  lawyer  legislators  were  not  in- 
cluded in  our  organization 

Your  committee,  therefore,  recommend  that  in  any  proposal  for  a 
self-governing  Bar,  there  be  included  a  provision  for  a  council  of  the 
Bar  made  up  in  the  manner  suggested  above,  but  it  does  not  suggest 
that  such  council  should  have  any  part  in  the  government  of  the  Bar — 
a  function  whidi  ought,  in  its  judgment,  to  be  left  entirely  in  the  hands 
of  its  chosen  representatives." 

The  report  concludes  with  a  report  of  progress  in  drafting  or 
introducing  Bar  organization  bills  in  Alabama,  Colorado,  Florida, 
Idaho,  Kentucky,  Louisiana,  Michigan,  New  York,  Oklahoma, 
South  Dakota  and  Tennessee.  The  proposal  for  a  legislative 
Council  in  addition  to  a  Board  of  Governors  comes  at  the  right 
time  to  be  included  in  bills  to  be  introduced  in  legislatures  in 
1923. 


596      PROG&EDINGS  OF  THB  SEVENTH  ANNUAL  OONFERBNOB  OF 

Go-OPBBATION  Between  Bas  Assooutions. 

The  afternoon  session  was  devoted  to  consideration  of  the 
opportunity  for  a  closer  co-operation  between  the  American 
Bar  Association  and  the  state  and  local  associations.  President 
Severance,  having  expressed  the  opinion  that  the  American  Bar 
Association  should  ideaUy  embrace  the  entire  membership  of 
all  the  state  associations,  was  appropriately  chosen  to  lead  the 
discussion. 

While  holding  that  the  time  is  not  yet  ripe  for  a  complete 
federation  of  the  state  associations  with  the  American  Bar  Asso- 
ciation, the  speaker  referred  to  federation  as  an  ultimate  goal 
and  recommended  study  of  steps  appropriate  for  the  present 
time.  At  the  completion  of  President  Severance's  address  there 
were  brief  expressions  of  opinion  from  several  delegates,  one  of 
whom  explained  how  the  Washington  State  Bar  Association  had 
effected  a  unitary  membership  with  practically  all  of  the  county 
associations  in  the  state.  The  local  associations  had,  by  vote, 
accepted  a  proposal  from  the  State  Bar  and  joined  in  a  body. 

The  idea  was  expressed  by  several  speakers  that  a  lawyer  should 
pay  his  Bar  dues  but  once  a  year  and  thus  keep  in  good  standing 
in  the  American  Bar  Association,  and  his  state  and  local  asso- 
ciation as  well.  It  was  also  said  that  competitive  solicitation  of 
membership  should  be  rendered  impossible,  and  that  the  local 
association  could  best  be  trusted  to  exercise  caution  in  passing 
upon  applications  for  membership. 

The  result  of  the  discussion  was  adoption  of  a  motion  which 
provided  for  a  committee  of  five  to  "  investigate  and  report  on 
means  for  better  co-ordination  of  the  efforts  of  bar  associations 
and  its  opinion  on  the  practicability  of  federating  the  bar  associa- 
tions of  the  country.'*  The  retiring  Chairman,  Clarence  N*. 
Goodwin,  has  been  made  chairman  of  this  committee. 

Delegates'  Koll-call. 

While  the  roll-call  this  year  brought  out  no  new  phases  of 
association  activity,  it  was  exceptionally  interesting  in  showing 
a  widening  influence  on  the  part  of  the  Conference,  It  became 
manifest  that  the  Conference  sessions  on  legal  education  (Febru- 
ary, 1922)  were  bearing  abundant  fruit  already.    Though  les^ 


BAB  ASSOCIATION  DBUQATB8.  597 

than  half  of  the  states  had  held  assodation  meetings  between 
Febmary  and  Angust^  there  were  a  number  in  which  favorable 
action  had  been  taken  in  respect  to  recommendations  for  admis- 
sion requirements.  In  other  states^  though  outright  endorse* 
ment  was  withheld^  there  was  a  far  greater  promise  than  could 
•  have  been  predicted  only  a  year  ago. 

From  yarious  states  came  reports  of  progress  in  building  up 
sentiment  favorable  to  Bar  integration. 

It  was  reported  that  in  California  the  act  recommended  by  the 
Conference  to  prevent  unlawful  practice  had  been  enacted,  but 
would  not  take  eflEect  until  approved  on  referendum.  The  banks 
and  trust  companies  of  the  state  are  making  an  open  campaign 
against  the  measure.  A  resoli^tion^  drafted  by  Nathan  W. 
MacChesney,  was  passed  to  give  the  moral  support  of  the  Con- 
ference to  the  California  State  Bar  Association  in  its  campaign 
on  behalf  of  the  law. 

Extension  of  Conference  Work. 

The  scope  of  the  Conference's  activities  is  extended  by  two 
resolutions.  One,  presented  by  Irvin  V.  Barth,  of  Si  Louis, 
provides  lor  a  committee  of  five  to  assemble  data  in  regard  to 
ways  and  means  for  securing  the  election  of  fit  judges,  to  serve 
as  a  clearing  house  of  experience  and  ideas  and  to  report  ap- 
proved methods  to  the  Conference.  Thus  opens  a  great  field  of 
effort  which  was  first  brought  to  the  attention  of  the  Conference 
in  1921. 

The  other  resolution  was  offered  by  William  C.  Sullivan  of 
Washington,  D.  C.  It  authorizes  a  committee  to  report  plans 
for  more  thorough  examination  into  the  character  and  qualifica- 
tions of  applicants  for  admission  to  the  Bar.  The  discussion 
indicated  a  feeling  on  the  part  of  some  delegates  that  the  Wash- 
ington meeting  had  dwelt  too  strongly  on  the  need  for  intellec- 
tual training,  to  the  slighting  of  even  more  important  qualifica- 
tions of  a  moral  sort.  While  study  of  means  for  determining 
moral  fitness  is  warranted,  it  is  but  proper  to  say  that  the  Wash- 
ington meeting  did  not  slight  the  problem  of  moral  fitness 
as  will  be  proved  by  reference  to  the  proceedings.  Mr.  Boot 
and  several  other  speakers  dwelt  insistently  upon  the  need  for 
moral  qualifications  on  the  part  of  applicants,  and  that  was 


698      PBOOSEDINOfi  OF  THB  SKYBMrTH  ANNUAL  OONFSRBNGB  OF 

a  main  reason  for  demanding  two  years  of  resident  college  life. 
Their  theory  was  that  this  would  promote  moral  discernment  in 
two  ways:  (1)  By  doing  all  that  can  be  done  environmentally; 
and  (2)  by  discouraging  that  common  and  pernicious  type  of 
applicant  who  looks  upon  the  practice  of  law  as  the  shortest  route 
to  a  competence.  The  instinct  for  money  making,  when  it  is 
dominant,  should  direct  a  young  man  into  some  branch  of  busi- 
ness if  the  practice  of  law  is  reserved  to  those  who  devote  five 
years  to  study. 

Chief  Justicb  Taft'b  Addbbss. 

The  Chief  Justice,  in  addressing  the  Conference,  made  a 
powerful  plea  for  Bar  integration  to  the  end  that  the  responsi- 
bility for  reforms  in  the  administration  of  justice  may  be  dis- 
charged. Nor  did  he  overlook  the  duty  of  the  Bench  in  this 
respect.    The  following  quotations  will  disclose  the  argument: 

The  Bar  if  oi^ganized,  is  an  enormous  instnunent  for  the  cultivation 
of  proper  public  opinion  with  reference  to  subjects  which  are  normally 
within  the  field  of  the  Bar  and  the  Bendi,  and  it  diould  be  a  part  of 
the  duty  of  every  lawyer  to  see  to  it  that  he  makes  that  influence  as 
strong  as  i)08BLble  bv  organisation  and  by  contributiDg  to  arganisation. 
That,  I  think  was  the  idea  of  Mr.  Root,  and  the  idea  of  your  present 
Chairman,  in  doing  what  has  been  so  effectively  done  in  bringing  about 
this  organisation,  and  meetings  like  this.  It  has  been  my  great  good 
fortune  to  have  been  in  London  for  three  weeks  this  summer.  I  tried 
to  estimate  the  cause  for  the  influence  which  the  Enslicdi  Bar  exercises 
over  legislation,  and  especially  laws  calculated  to  make  tiie  administra- 
tion of  justice  effective. 

Of  course  there  is  a  very  great  difference  between  our  Bar  and  the 
Bar  of  Great  Britain,  from  the  fact  that  the  law  officers  of  government 
are  by  their  ^stem  necessarily  a  part  of  the  majority  in  the  House  of 
Commons  ancl  a  part  of  that  majoritv  who  usuaUy  control  in  measures 
looking  to  the  improvement  of  judicial  procedure.  And,  in  the  House  of 
Lords,  the  law  lords — ^those  who  are  Lords  of  Appeal  in  (Mdinaiy,  the 
retired  chancellors  and  the  acting  Lord  Chancellor — are  all  memDera  of 
that  body,  and  can  take  direct  part  in  the  framing  and  introduction  of 
measures  for  the  betterment  of  judicial  procedure. 

Thus,  we  see,  the  Bar  is  directly  represented  by  their  own  leading 
members  in  that  body  which  makes  the  law  of  procedure  and  determines 
the  machinery  for  doin^;  justice.  Then,  too,  they  have  the  four  Inns  of 
Court,  from  one  of  which  eveiy  lawyer  who  comes  to  the  Bar  must  be 
called.  These  institutions,  coming  down  from  a  time  so  remote  that  their 
origin  is  not  distinctly  known,  exercise  an  influence  which  makes  for  the 
betterment  of  everything  that  the  profession  is  interested  in:  in  the 
administration  of  justice,  in  the  maintenance  of  the  character  of  those 
who  are  barristers — ^because  they  exercise  a  venr  strict  discipline  upon 
their  members — and  in  the  suggestions  of  needed  reforms. 

Now,  we  haven't  those  things.  You  can't  build  up  overnight  an  institu- 
tion of  six  hundred  years'  standing,  but  you  can  frame  organisations 
which  shall  represent  the  best  opinion  of  ihe  Bar,  and  those  organisations. 


BAB  ASSOCIATION   DELEGATES.  599 

gentlemen,  only  continue  to  represent  the  best  opinion  of  the  Bar  when 
uie  best  members  of  the  Bar  regard  it  as  their  oonscientious  duty  to  take 
active  part  in  the  conduct  of  those  organizations. 

In  pleading  for  such  oiganizations  we  are  not  pleading  for  ourselves. 
We  can  get  along;  but  it  is  in  the  interest  of  the  public  that  Uiese  org^ant" 
cations  should  influence  public  opinion  for  the  betterment  of  the  adminis- 
tration of  justice.  .... 

Gentlemen,  the  Bar  is  on  trial.  I  do  not  wish  to  say  this  is  a  crisis, 
that  we  have  reached  a  parting  of  the  ways,  because  that  is  too  often 
said  on  too  many  occasions.  We  are  wprlung  along  and  we  are  hoping 
for  better  things.  We  can  improve  only  step  by  step,  but  certainly  we 
can  imi)rove  if  we  will  only  build  organizations  whidi  shall  assist  those 
who  strive  to  make  things  better,  f(»r  I  accord  that  desire  to  legislatures 
and  to  Congress.  Help  them  by  formulating  a  real  public  opinion  of  the 
Bar  through  organizations  so  constituted  that  we  shall  have  the  right  to 
say  that  they  represent  the  full,  clear^  forcible  opinion  of  that  branch 
of  the  community  engaged  in  the  administration  of  the  law--4he  Bench 
and  the  Bar.^ 

I  believe  it  is  the  business  of  the  Bench  to  come  close  to  the  Bar 
in  matters  of  this  sort.  I  know  there  are  those  who  think  that  judges 
should  hold  themselves  in  an  isolated  way  on  every  subject,  and  only 
decide  the  cases  that  come  before  them;  but  I  do  not  agree  with  that 
view.  I  think  a  judge  may  take  an  interest  in  matters  of  legal  reform 
and  may  be  active  in  respect  to  it,  without  in  any  way  demeaning  himself 
or  interfering  with  the  dignity  of  his  office.  It  certainly  does  not 
interfere  with  the  weight  of  the  testimony  of  a  witness  that  he  knows 
something  about  the  subject  of  which  he  is  talking,  and  that  he  knows 
it  not  from  the  mere  theoretical  side,  but  from  actual  practice  and  from 
daOy  contact  with  the  operation  of  the  machinery  that  has  been  furnished 
by  the  le^ature  for  the  doing  of  justice  to  all  members  of  the 
community. 

Bbports  from  Delegates. 

Upon  motion  of  Mr.  Marvel,  of  Wilmington,  Delaware,  pro- 
vision was  made  for  a  report  upon  the  proceedings  of  the  Con- 
ference by  the  delegates  in  attendance,  to  their  respective  asso- 
ciations, a  copy  to  be  sent  to  the  Chairman  of  the  Conference. 

^         By-Laws  Amended. 

The  by-laws  of  the  Conference  were  amended  so  as  more  clearly 
to  express  the  purposes  of  the  Conference  and  to  provide  that 
oflScers  during  their  terms  shall  not  need  to  be  appointed  as  dele- 
gates. 

Herbert  Harlet,  Secretary. 


REPRESENTATIVES  OF  AMERICAN  BAR  ASSOCIATION  AND  STATE 

AND  LOCAL  BAR  ASSOCIATIONS  IN  ATTENDANCE  UPON 

THE  ANNUAL  CONFERENCE  HELD  TUESDAY, 

AUCUST  8,  1922. 


Am«rioftn  Bta  AipooUtloa: 
BoetoQ»  Oharlei  A.»  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Butler,  ObarleB  Henry,  Waahington,  D. 

a 

Ncwlin,  Gomej  B.,  Loi  Angdet,  OaL 
Smith,  W«]ter  George,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Yoorbeea,  John  H.,  Biouz  Falla,  8.  D. 

ALABAMA. 

Alatama  Btata  Bar  Aaaooiattm ! 

Oabaniai,  E.  H*,  Birmingham. 

Oooper,  Lawrence,  Huntsville. 

Dixon,  J.  K.,  Talladega. 
OUhMiB  Oovnty  Bar  Aaaoolationt 

Acker,  William  P.,  Annltton. 

ARIZONA. 

Arisona  Btate  Bar  Aaaooiation: 

Cnrlej,  Frank  B.,  Tucson. 

Hartman,  Francis  M.,  Tucson. 

Lavin,  James  P.,  Phoenix. 

Ifarks,  Bamett  E.,  Phoenix. 
ITortham  Arisoaa  Bar  Aaaooiation: 

Norrls,  Thomas  0.,  Preaoott. 
Tavapal  County  Bar  Aaaooiation: 

Baker,  Arthur  G.,  Prescott 

Favour,  A«  H.,  Prsscott. 

Lamson,  Richard,  Prescott. 

AREANSAJ3. 

Arkanaaa  Bar  Aaaooiation: 
Hamiter,  J.  H.,  Little  Rock. 

CALIFORNIA 

Alameda  County  Bar  Aaaooiation: 

Fitsgerald,   Robert  M.,  Oakland. 
California  Bar  Aaaooiation: 

Langdon,  W.  H.,  San  Francisco. 

Lawlor,  William  P.,  San  Francisco. 
Treano  County  Bar  Aaaooiation: 

Harris,   W.  K.,  Fresno  City. 

HawBon,  Henxy,  Fresno  City. 
Long  Beaoh  Bar  Aaaooiation: 

Clock,  Ralph  H.,  Long  Beach. 

Fisher,  Eugene  I.,   Long  Beach. 

Keeler,  P.  E.,  Long  Beach. 

Rosenfleld,  Adolph  B.,  Long  Beach. 


Loa  Angelea  Bar  Aaaooiation: 

Britt,  B.  W.,  Los  Angeles. 

Chase,  Charles  W.,   Los  Angeles. 

Hott,  John  O.,  Los  Angeles. 
Loa  Angelea  County  Bar  Aaaooiation: 

James,  Frank,  Los  Angeles. 

Kemp,  J(dm  W.,  Los  Angeles. 

Young,  Hilton  E.,  Los  Angeles. 
ITavada  County  Bar  Aaaooiation: 

Armstrong,  E.  H.,  Grass  Yalley. 

Nilon,  Frank  IL,  Nevada  City. 

Searla,  Carroll,  Nevada  City. 
Pasadena  Bar  Aaaooiation: 

Horin,  J.  W.,  Pasadena. 

Rowland,    A,    Lincoln,    Pasadena. 

Waldo,   George  E.,   Pasadena. 
Biveraide  County  Bar  Aaaooiation: 

Craig,  Hugh  H.,  Riverside. 

Estudllh,  Miguel,  Riverside. 

Evans,  Lyman,  Riverside. 
Baoramento  Bar  Aaaooiatiofi: 

Butler,  J.  W.  8.,  Sacramento. 

Devlin,  Wm.  H.,  Sacramento. 

Hatfield,   Y.  L.,  Sacramento. 
Ban  Diego  Bar  Aaaooiation : 

Biseholf,  Henry  J.,  San  Diego. 

Daney,  Eugene,  San  Diego. 

Mirow,  William  G.,  San  Diego. 

Moasholder,  W.  H.,  San  Diego. 
San  Franeiaoo  Bar  Aaaooiation: 

Bell,  Golden  W.,  San  Francisco. 

Harrison,   Maurice   E.,   San   Francisco. 

Hunt,  WiUiam  H.,  San  Francisco. 

Eidd,  A.  M.,  San  Francisco. 

Watt,  RoUa  B.,  San  Francisco. 
Ban  Joaquin  Couaty  Bar  Aaaoeiatioa: 

Levinsky,  Arthur  L.,   Stockton. 

Reudon,  C.  P.,  Stockton. 
Banta  Clara  County  Bar  Aaaooiation: 

Qosbey,  P.  F.,  San  Jose. 

O'Nen,  R.  E.,  San  Jose. 
Toho  County  Bar  Aaaooiation: 

Bailey,  A.  G.,  Woodland. 

CANADA. 
Canadian  Bar  Aaaooiation: 
Baxter,  Jno.  B.  M.,  St.  John. 
Davison,   Geo.   M.,  Yanoouver. 
Martin  J.  B.,  MontnaL 


(600) 


REPREBSNTATiyBS  ATTENDIKO  ANNUAL  OONFBBSNOB.      601 


VftBooaTer  Bmt  Aipooiation; 
Tftylor,  S.  S.,  Yanoouvtf. 

COLORADO. 

Colorado  Bar  AaaooUtion: 

O'DonxMll,  T.  J.,  Dft&vor. 
DoBTor  Bar  AMoeUtlon: 

Lathrop,  Ifaiy  F.,  Denver. 

CONKBOnOUT. 

Oonaoetievt  Btato  Bar  Aiiooiatloii: 

Avetyt  C  L.,  Groton. 

Broemitli,  William,  Bartford. 

Day,  Sdwaid  M.,  Hartford. 
Sartford  County  Bar  Aaiooiation: 

Broemith,  William,  Hartford. 

Bey,  Edward  M.,  Hertford. 
Now  Haven  Bar  Aiaoeiation: 

Beera,  George  E.,  New  Haven. 

DELAWARE. 
Now  Caatlo  County  Bar  Aiaoolation: 
Halfeyt  J>  P-i  Wilmington. 

DISTRICT  OP  COLUMBIA. 

Diitrlot  of  Columbia  Bar  Aaiooiation : 

Oanisi,  Cbarlee  F.,  Washington. 

Chamberlin,  Joatin  HorrU,  Waahington. 

King,  George  A.,  Washington. 

Sullivan,  William  a,  Washington. 

Taliaferro,  Sidney  P.,  Washington. 
Womon'a  Bar  Aaiooiatioa: 

Freebqr,  Harriet,  Washington. 

Moyers,  Ida  IL,  Washington. 

Pike,  Katharine  R.,  Washington. 

FLORIDA. 

Florida  Bar  Aiaoolation: 

Hampton,  Hilton  8.,  Tampa. 
Florida  Btato  Bar  Aaiooiation: 

Aztell,  B.  R.,  Jacksonville. 

Oridilow,  W.  B.,  Shelby,  Bradentown. 

Hampton,  W.  W.,  Gainesville. 

Hunter,  William,  Tampa. 

Loftin,  Scott  M.,  Jacksonville. 
JaokaonvUlo  Bar  Aaaoolattou: 

Gibbe,   Geofge  Cooper,   Jacksonville. 

GEORGIA. 

Atlanta  Bar  Aaiooiation: 

Powell,  Arthur  Gray,  Atlanta. 
Ooorgia  Bar  AiaoolatiOB: 

Gilbert,  S.  Price,  Atlanta. 

Powell,  Arthur  Gray,  Atlanta. 

Sibley,  John  A.,  Atlanta. 
BaTaanali  Bar  Aaaoolation: 

Oliver,    Francis   McDonald,    Savannah. 


HAWAII. 

Hawaii  Bar  Aiaoolation: 
Marx,  BenJ.  L.,  Honolulu. 

IDAHO. 

Idaho  Btato  Bar  Aiioolatton: 
Ailabie,  James  P.,  Ooeur  d'Alene. 
Bothwell,  James  R.,  Twin  Falls. 
Booth,  O.  M.,  PocateUo. 
Hawley,  James  H.,  Boise. 

ILUNOIS. 

Chloafo  Bar  Aaiooiation: 

Howe,   Thomas  Francis,  Chicago. 

MacCftiesney,  Nathan  WUliam,  Chicagc. 
Eaat  Bt.  Loula  Bar  Aaiooiation: 

Whitnel,  L.  0.,  East  St.  Louis. 
Illiaola  Bar  Aaiooiation: 

Goodwin,   Clarence   K.,  Chicago. 

Hay,  Logan,  Springileld. 

Montgomery,  John  R.,  Chicago. 
Lawyeri  Aiiooiatlon  of  ZUinoli: 

Van  Natta,  John  E.,  Chicago. 

Shabad,  Henry  M.,  Chicago. 
Xoultrio  County  Bar  Aaiooiation: 

Patterwn,  C.  R.,  Sidlivan. 
Patont  Law  Aiaoolation  of  Ohloago: 

Bamett,  O.  R.,  Chicago. 
Plko  CouBty  Bar  Aaiooiation: 

Hlgbee,  Harry,  Plttsfleld. 
Bockford  Bar  Aaiooiation ; 

Early,  A.  D.,  Rockford. 

INDUNA. 

Indiana  Btato  Bar  Aiaoolation: 

Davis,  Paul  G.,  Indianapolis. 

Ewbank,  Louis  B.,  Indianapolis. 

Martindale,  Charles,  'Indianapolis. 

Moores,  Merrill,  Indianapolis. 

Shirley,  C.  C,  Indianapolis. 
IndiaaapoUa  Bar  Aaaoolation: 

Rooker,   William  Y.  Indianapolis. 
Fouatala  County  Bar  Aaioolatloo: 

Ratcliir,  0.  B.,  Covington. 
Grant  County  Bar  Aaaoolation: 

Heavllin,  Roacoe  A.,  Marion. 
Howard  Ooimty  Bar  Aiiooiatlon: 

Kirkpatrick,  Les  J.,  Kokomo. 

IOWA. 

Dolawaro  County  Bar  AiaooiatlOB: 

Oarr,  B.  M.,  Manchester. 
Hamilton  County  Bar  Aaaoolation: 

Martin,  Wesley,  Webster  City. 
Iowa  Btato  Bar  Aaaoolation! 

Devitt,  James  A.,  Oakaloosa. 

Wisdom,  Frank,  Bedford. 


608 


AMBBIOAN   BAfi  AS800IATI0N. 


Keokuk  Bar  AMooUtion: 

Sawyer,  Hawn  I.,  Keokuk. 
¥ahatka  County  Bar  Aitooiatlon: 

Yer  Ploeg,   0.,  Oektlooea. 
Xmoatlna  Ooimty  Bar  Aitoelatlaii: 

Devitt,  J.  F.,  Muoatlne. 
Polk  Oouity  Bar  Anodatlon: 

Miller,  Jeaw  A.,  Dee  Moinei. 

KANSAS. 

Lyoa  Ckmaty  Bar  AMOolatlon: 

Ganse,  Heniy  E.,  Bmporia. 
Bliawnea  Oounty  Bar  Aiaoolation: 

Drenning,  Frank  O.,  T^ypeka. 

KENTUOKT. 

Franklin  Oounty  Bar  Astociation: 

WeitEel,  George  T.,  Frankfort 
Santuoky  Bar  Aiaoolation: 

Doolan,  John  O.,  Louisville. 

Rutledge,  Arthur  Hiddleton,  LoniflrHle. 
LottliTlUe  Bar  Aiaoolation: 

Rutledge,  Arthur  Middleton,  Louifvllle. 

LOUISIANA 
Louiaiana  Bar  Aaaoolatian: 

Hart,  W.  O.,  New  Orleana 

Lemann,    Walter,    DonaldsooTille. 

Rice,  Fraxer  L.,  New  Orleana. 

Young,  W.  W.,  New  Orleana. 
Now  Orleana  Bar  Aaaociatlon; 

Spearing,  J.  Zacfa,  New  Orleana. 

MAINE. 

Maine  State  Bar  Aaaoeiation: 
Ritchie,  Arthur. 

MARYLAND. 

Baltimore  Oity  Bar  AaaooiatioBt 

Hinkl«y,  John,  Baltimore. 

Kemp,  W.  Thomaa,  Baltimore. 
Maryland  State  Bar  Aaaoeiation: 

Briacoe,  John  P.,  Prinoe  Frederick. 

Oorter,  Jamee  P.,  Baltimore. 

Lamar,  W.  H.,  Rockrllle. 

MASSAOHUSETTa 
Bar  Aaaoeiation  of  Oity  of  Boatoa: 

Lowell,  John,  Boston. 
Flail  BiTor  Bar  Aaaoeiation: 

BufflatoB,  Harold  &  R.,  Fall  ElTor. 
Maaaaohuaetta  State  Bar  Aaaoeiation: 

Olapp,  Robert  P.,  Lexington. 

Smith,  Reginald  Hever,  Boeton. 

Williaton,  Samuel,  Oambridge. 
Middleaez  County  Bar  Aaaoeiation; 

Olapp,  Robert  P.,  Lexington. 


MICHIGAN. 

Detroit  Bar  Aaaoeiation: 

Hull,  Oicar  a,  Detroit. 

Millia,  Wade,  Detroit. 
Xiehigaa  State  Bar  Aaaooiatioft: 

Batea,  Hemy  M.,  Ann  Aii>or. 

Oorliaa,  Jdtax  B.,  Detroit. 

Ooigrote,  P.  T.,  Haatinga 

MINNB0OTA. 

KeaaapiA  County  Bar  Aaaoeiation: 

Brown,  Rome  G.,  Minneqpolia. 

Child,  a  B.,  Minneapolia. 

Junell,  J<^m,  Minneapolia. 

Mitchell,  Morria  B.,  Minneapolia. 
Minneapolia  Bar  Aaaoeiation: 

Shearer,  Jamee  D.,  Minneapolia. 

Ward,   DeForrcst,   Fairmont. 
Kinneaota  State  Bar  Aaaoeiation: 

Brown,  Rome  G.,  Minneapolia. 

Bruce,  Andrew  A.,  Minneapolia. 

Burr,  Stiles  W.,  St  Paul. 

Deutsch,  Henry,  Minneapolis. 

Sanborn,  Bruce  W.,  St  PauL 
Baaiaey  County  Bar  Aaaoeiation: 

Burr,  Stilea  W.,  St  Paul. 

Famham,  Gharleo  W.,  St.  PauL 

Graves,  William  G.,  St  Paul. 

MISSOURI. 

Kanaaa  City  Bar  Aaaeeiatioa: 

Harkleas,  Jamee  H.,  Kansas  Oity. 

Piatt,  W.  H.  H.,  Kanaaa  Oity. 

Wylde,  L.  Newton,  Kansas  Oity. 
Kiaaeuri  Bar  Aaaeeiation : 

Boyle,  Murat,  Kansas  City. 

Cloud,  W.  H.,  Kanaaa  City. 
St  Louia  Bar  Aaaeeiation: 

Berth,  Irvin  V.,  8t  Lonia. 

McQulUin,  Eugene,  8t  Louia. 

MONTANA 

Montana  Bar  Aaaeeiation: 
Spaulding,  O.  A.,  Helena. 

NEBRASKA. 

Mebraaka  State  Bar  Aaaeeiatioa: 
Blackburn,  Thoa.  W.,  Omaha. 

Ossaha  Bar  Aaaoeiation: 
Yan  Orsdel,  B.  A.,  Omaha. 

NEYADA. 

Nevada  Bar  AaaoelatieB: 

Brown,  Hugh  Hemy,  Tonopah. 

NororQeB,  Frank  H.,  Reno. 

Warren,  Anna  M.,  Reno. 
Mye  County  Bar  Aaaooiatle&; 

Averfalll,  Mark  R.,  Tonopab. 


BSPBBSSNTTATIVBS  ATTENDING  ANNUAL  OONFSBBNOE.      603 


Wathoa  Oooaty  Bmt  AuooUtloii: 
Maahbvm,  Arthur  Qnj,  Bmo. 
Summerfleld,   Lester  D.,  Beno. 
Woo4bum,  WiUluiit  lUnob 

NEW   JBRSBT. 

New  Jnatff  Bar  AaMoiatlra: 

Dumont,  Wayne,  Pat^noa. 
Starr,  Lewla,  OBmrtro. 
Lftwyer't  Olub  of  Bimx  Coiutj : 

Sklxmer,  Alfred  F.,  Newark. 

NEW   MEZIOO. 

New  MflKloo  Bfata  Bar  Aiaoolatlon! 
Bowman,  Harry  S.,  Santa  Fe. 
Edward%  A.  M.,  Santa  Fe. 

NEW  TOBX. 

Alliany  Bar  Aatoolatloa: 

Lawyer,  George,  Albany. 
Albaay  Oonnty  Bar  Aiaodatlon: 

Wadhama,  Fredorick  E.,  Albany. 
New  York  Olty  Bar  AMOolatioa: 

Alexander,  Oharlee  B.,  New  York  CHty. 

Burlingham,  Ohaa.  O.,  New  York  Olty. 

Taft,  Henry  W.,  New  York  City. 
New  York  Oonnty  Aiaoelatlon  of  the 
CMmlaal  Bar: 

Eoeenberg,  Ely,  Manhattan. 
New  York  Oonnty  Lawyeri  Aaeooia- 
tlon; 

Boeton,  Oharlee  A.,  New  York  City. 

Oohen,  Jnllna  Henryi  New  York  City. 

Taft,  Henry  W.,  New  York  City. 
New  York  State  Bar  Aiioelation: 

Bond,   George  Hopkina,  Syracnae. 

Hill,  Heniy  W.,  Buffalo. 

Lewis,  Ceylon  H.,  New  York  City. 

liaccorkle,  Walter  L.,  New  York  City. 

Terry,    Charlea   Tliaddena,    New   York 
City. 
Oaoadaga  Oonnty  Bar  AModatloBr 

Bond,  Geoige  Hopkins,   Syracnae. 
BoOheater  Bar  Aiaodatlon: 

O'Orady,  James  M.  E.,  Bocbeeter. 
Tompkins  Oonnty  Bar  Aaaoolatlon: 

Tarbell,  George  S.,  Ithaca. 

NOBTH   CAROLINA. 

North  Oarollna  Bar  Aaaoeiation: 
Alexander,  Julia  M.,  Charlotte. 
Person,   W.   M.,   Louiabuig. 
Smith,  B.  L.,  Albermarle. 
Thompson,  Frank,   Jacksonville. 

NORTH  DAKOTA. 
Yonrth  Jndlolal  Dlatriot; 
Ellsworth,  S.  E.,  Jamestown. 


North  Dakcrta  Bar  AaaeoistiM: 
Bangs,  Geo.  A.,  Grand  Fortes. 
BrooBon,  Harrison  A.,  Bismarck. 
Combs,  Lee,  Yall«y  City. 

OHIO. 

Allen  Oennty  Bar  Aieoolatton: 

Mackenzie,   Balph  P.,  Lima. 
Bntler  Oennty  Bar  Aaeooiation: 

Murphy,   Clarence,   Hamilton. 
OiaeinaatI  Baar  Aaeooiation: 

Pogue,  Provinee  M.,  Cincinnati. 
Cleveland  Bar  Aieeeiatien: 

Garfield,  JiAm  M.,  Olefeland. 

Scott,  Frank  C,  Cleveland. 
Onyahoga  Ooaatj  Bar  Aaaeoiatioa: 

Yickery,  WUlia,  Cleveland. 
Xahonlng  Oonnty  Bar  Aaaoeiation: 

Conroy,   S.   S.,  Youngstown. 
Norwalk  Bar  Assooiatioa: 

Craig,  G.  Ray,  Norwalk. 
Ohio  State  Bar  Ajaoolatien: 

Alcorn,  Albert  D.,  Cincinnati. 

Clevenger,  F.  M.  C,  Wilmington. 

Pomerene,  W.  B.,  Columboa. 

OKLAHOMA. 

Oklahoma  Bar  Aaaoolatloa: 
Hagan,  Horace  H.,  Tulsa. 
McPheraen,  Charles  E.,  Durant. 
Wells^  Frank,  Oklahoma  City. 

OREGON. 

Lane  Oonnty  Bar  Assooiatiott: 

Hale,  William  G.,  Eugene. 

Immel,  E.  0.,  Eugene. 
Oregon  State  Bar  Aasoelatton: 

Cohn,   Charles  8.,   Portland. 

Coshow,  O.  P.,  Roseburg. 

Hale,  William  G.,  Eugene. 

Kerr,  James  B.,  Portland. 

Ridgway,  Albert  B.,  Yerlland. 

PENNSTLYANU. 

Allegheny  Oennty  Bar  Aaaoelatlen : 

WHght,  J.  Merrill.  Pittsburgh. 
Beaver  Oonnty  Bar  Aiaoolatlon: 

Moorhead,  P.  G.,  Beaver. 
Blair  Oonnty  Bar  Aeeeolatlen: 

Patterson,    Marion    D.,    HoUidaysbarg. 
Daaphln  Oonnty  Bar  Aaeooiation; 

Hargest,  William  M.,  Hairid»urg. 
Delaware  Oonnty  Bar  Aiaoolation: 

Hannum,  Howard  E.,  Chester. 
Law  Aaeooiation  of  Philadelphia: 

Merchant,  Edward,  Philadelphia. 

ShidE,  Bobert  P.,  Philadelphia. 


604 


AKSBIOAN   BAR  A6B00IATI0N. 


PenniylTa^da  Bar  AnooUtiOB: 

Borneman,  Heniy  8.,  Philadelphia. 

Crawford,  Wiafleld  W.,  Philadelphia. 

Hannum,  John  B.,  Chester. 

HasEardy  Yemon,   Monongahela. 

Martin,  Bichard  W.,  Pittsburgh. 
Pittalnirg  Bar  Aiiociation: 

Stem,  A  C,  Pittsburgh. 

SOUTH  CAROUNA. 

Bouth  OaroUna  Bar  Aatoeiation: 

Huger,  Alfred,  Charleston. 
Otts,  ConelioB,  Spartanbotg. 
Thomas,  John  P.,  Jr.,  OiAumbia. 

SOUTH  DAKOTA; 

mnnahaha  Oonnty  Bar  Aiaociatlon: 

Teigen,  Tore,  Sioux  Falls. 
South  Dakota  Bar  Aaiociatlon: 

Cherry,  U.  S.  G.,  Sioux  Falls. 

Hason,  W.  F.,  Aberdeen. 

Patterson,  E.  O.,  Dallas. 

TEN17ESSEE. 

Chattanooga  Bar  Aaaoolation: 

Swaney,  W.  B.,  Chattanooga. 
Jaokaon  Bar  Aatooiation : 

Newman,  Claire  B.,  Jackson. 
TonneMoa  State  Bar  Aiiooiatlon: 

Owen,  William  A.,  Covington. 

Swaney,  W.  B.,  Chattanooga. 

TEXAS. 

Texaa  Bar  Aiiooiation: 

Britain,  A.  H.,  Wichita  Falls. 
Burges,  William  H.,  El  Paao. 
Cooke,  day.  Fort  Worth. 
Todd,  Charles  A.,  Texarks^ia. 
Frank,  D.  A,  Dallas. 

UTAH. 

Utah  Stata  Bar  Aiaooiatioii: 

Bagby,  Emmett,  M.,  Salt  Lake  City. 
Lee,  E.  0.,  Silt  Lake  City. 
HacLane,  John  F.,  Salt  Lake  City. 

YBBMONT. 

Yermont  Bar  Aiaociation: 
Button,  Charles  I.,  Middlebury. 
Hagan,  Geo.  M.,  6t  Albans. 
Young,  George  B.,  Montpelier. 


YIROINIA 

Norfolk  Bar  Aiaoolatlon: 

Shelton,  Thomas  W.  Norfolk. 
Biohmond  Bar  Aiaooiatton: 

Chichester,  C.  M.,  Richmond. 

PejTton,  Robert  E.,  Jr.,  Richmond. 
Yirglnia  Stata  Bar  Aaaoclatlni: 

Caton,   Jas.  B.,  Alenndrla. 

Maasie,  Eugene  C,  Richmond. 

WASHINGTON. 

XaiOB-ThiirttaB  Ooiuty  Stfur  Aiioola- 
tion: 

Tyler,  Albert  W.,  Olympia. 
Seattle  Bar  Aisoolatloii: 

McLaren,  W.  G.,  Seattle. 

Thorgrimson,  A.   B.,  Seattle. 
Spokane  Oonnty  Bar  Aaaoolation: 

Hamblen,  L.  R.,  Spokane. 

Kizer,  B.  H.,  Spokane. 

Llndsley,  Joseph,  Spokane. 
Waihington  State  Bar  Aaaoolation : 

Bates,  Charles  O.,  Taooma. 

Cbadwick,  S.  J.,  Seattle. 

Grady,  Thomas  E.,   TaUma. 

Tolman,  Warner  W.,  Olympia. 
Yakima  Oonnty  Bar  Aaaoolation: 

Delle,  Lee  C,   Yakima. 

WEST  YIRGINLA. 

Kanawha  Oonnty  Bar  Aaaoolation: 
Preston,  John  J.  D.,  Charleston. 

Weat  Yirglnia  Bar  Aaaoolation: 
Madden,  Joeeph  Warren,   Morgantown. 

WISCONSIN. 

XUwankee  Oonnty  Bar  Aaaoolation: 

Hudnall,  Geo.  B.,  Milwaukee. 

Lecher,  Louis  A.,  Milwaukee. 
Baolne  Oonnty  Bar  Aaaoolation: 

Thompson,  William  D.,  Racine. 
Waakeaha  Oonnty  Bar  Aaaoolation: 

Frame,  H.  J.,  Waukesha. 
Wlaoonain  State  Bar  Aaaoolation: 

Owen,  W.  O.,  Madiaon. 

Shea,  William  F.,  Ashland. 

Thompson,  William  D.,  Racine. 

WYOMING. 

Wyoming  State  Bar  Aiaoolatlon: 

Kinkead,  W.  C,  Cheyenne. 

Bar  Aasociations  Represented,  147. 
Delegates  Registered,  297. 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF  THE 

SECTION  OF  PATENT,  TRADE-MARK  AND 

COPYRIGHT  LAW 

The  Section  met  in  annual  meeting  at  Native  Sons'  Buildings 
San  Francisco^  California^  on  August  9^  1922^  at  2  P.  M.,  the 
Chairman  of  the  Section^  A.  C.  Faul^  of  Minneapolis^  Minnesota, 
presiding. 

The  Chairman  appointed  William  K.  White,  of  San  Francisco, 
to  serve  as  secretary  of  the  meeting. 

The  Chairman  appointed  Messers.  Whittlesey,  Totten  and 
White,  a  committee  to  nominate  officers  of  the  Section  and 
a  member  of  the  council  for  the  coming  year. 

Mr.  Edward  S.  Rogers,  as  Chairman  of  the  Trade-Mark  Com- 
mittee, submitted  the  report  and  recommendations  of  that  com- 
mittee in  respect  to  a  revised  Trade-Mark  Act  The  proposed 
bill,  as  recommended  by  the  committee,  was  amended  by  substi- 
tuting, in  Section  31  thereof,  the  words  "  used  for  the  purpose  of 
identifying  any  merchandise  or  business  "  for  the  words  "  which 
is  entitled  to  registration  under  the  terms  of  this  act  whether 
registered  or  not." 

The  proposed  bill,  as  so  amended,  was  approved  by  the  Section, 
and  the  Chairman  of  the  Section  was  instructed  to  submit  the 
same  to  the  American  Bar  Association  in  connection  with  a  reso- 
lution authorizing  the  Section  to  present  the  proposed  bill  to 
Congress  as  one  endorsed  by  the  American  Bar  Association. 

Upon  motion,  the  Trade-Mark  Committee  was  instructed  to 
study  the  trade-mark  laws  of  the  several  states  and  make  a  report 
thereon  at  the  next  meeting  of  the  Section. 

Upon  motion,  the  Chairman  was  instructed  to  appoint  a 
committee  to  study  the  patent  statutes  and  make  a  report  thereon 
at  the  next  meeting  of  the  Section. 

Upon  motion,  it  was  resolved:  "That  a  committee  be  ap- 
pointed to  aid  in  the  preparation  of  a  bill  providing  for  the  grant 

(806) 


606  PATENT,  TRADB-MABE  AND  OOPYBIOHT  LAW. 

of  such  compulsory  licenses,  if  any,  as  may  be  necessary  for  the 
national  defense/' 

Upon  motion,  the  Chairman  was  instructed  to  call  a  special 
meeting  of  the  Section  at  Washington  at  a  time  to  be  designated 
by  the  Chairman. 

The  Chairman  was  authorized  to  submit  to  the  Committee  on 
Professional  Ethics  and  Grievances  the  letter  addressed  to  the 
Chairman  by  the  Honorable  Commissioner  of  Patents  in  relation 
to  the  recommendations  of  the  said  committee. 

Upon  motion,  Mr.  Edson's  proposed  resolutions  were  laid  on 
the  table. 

The  nominating  committee  submitted  the  following  nomina- 
tions : 

Chairman,  Charles  E.  Brock,  of  Cleveland;  Vice-Chairman, 
Edward  S.  Eogers,  of  Chicago;  Treasurer,  Alfred  M.  Allen,  of 
Cincinnati;  Secretary,  Eugene  Mason,  of  Washington;  Member  of 
Council,  Ellis  Spear,  of  Boston. 

The  officers  so  nominated  were  thereupon  elected. 

There  being  no  further  business  before  the  Section,  the  meet- 
ing was  adjourned  sine  die. 

William  K.  White,  Acting  Secretary. 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF  THE 

SECTION  OF  CRIMINAL  LAW 

The  third  annual  meeting  of  the  Section  of  Criminal  Law  of 
the  American  Bar  Association  was  held  at  San  Francisco,  Califor- 
nia, Tuesday,  August  8,  1922,  at  2.30  P.  M.  and  8.30  P.  M.  in 
Yosemite  Hall,  Native  Sons'  Building. 

Thomas  J.  O'Donnell,  of  Colorado,  presided  at  both  sessions. 

Attorney  General  TJ.  S.  Webb,  of  California,  delivered  the 
address  of  welcome.  Among  other  things,  he  said  "  The  world  is 
disturbed.  Doubt  and  fear  are  abroad  in  the  land.  Confidence 
has  been  shaken.  Hope  is  impaired.  And  the  re-establishment 
of  the  conditions  that  existed  a  few  years  ago  is  imperative,  and 
it  is  well  that  the  best  minds  of  the  nation  be  addressed  to  that 
serious  task.  The  National  Bar  Association,  because  of  the  pro- 
fession and  the  position  of  its  members,  and  because  of  its  num- 
bers, is  in  a  better  position  to  go  forward  in  the  accomplishment  of 
this  work,  in  the  shaping  of  policies,  in  the  establishment  and 
recommendation  of  doctrines,  than  any  other  institution  or  con- 
cern ;  and  no  more  important  work  will  engage  the  attention  of 
any  Section  of  the  National  Bar  Association  than  that  to  which 
the  Criminal  Section  is  addressing  itself.  The  prevention,  prose- 
cution, and  pimishment  of  crime  is  one  of  the  most  serious  and 
diflScult  problems  of  government  anywhere;  and  the  success  of 
a  government  in  dealing  with  crime  marks  to  a  large  degree  the 
success  of  that  government  He  then  gave  a  most  interesting 
talk  upon  the  duty  of  all  citizens  to  stand  behind  the  government 
in  the  enforcement  of  the  criminal  law  and  particularly  laid 
stress  upon  the  fact  that  mere  technicalities  should  not  overturn 
a  conviction  of  a  criminal  when  it  was  demonstrated  from  the 
evidence  that  the  criminal  was  guilty  of  the  crime  charged.  He 
cited  the  California  constitutional  amendment  which  covered 
this  point  and  suggested  that  all  of  the  states  should  write  a 
similar  provision  into  their  statute  law. 

20  (607) 


608      PROCEEDINQS  OF  SECTION  OF  CBIHINAL  LAW. 

He  extended  to  all  of  the  members  present  a  most  cordial 
welcome,  and  his  speech  was  the  keynote  of  the  business  subse- 
quently considered. 

Annette  Abbott  Adams^  of  San  Francisco,  read  a  letter  from 
President  Floyd  E.  Thompson,  of  Bock  Island,  Illinois.  He 
suggested  that  the  Section  cooperate  with  the  American  Institute 
of  Criminal  Law  and  Criminology  in  formulating  a  plan  which 
may  be  uniformly  adopted  by  the  federal  government  and  the 
several  state  governments,  by  which  vital  statistics  in  crime  may 
be  gathered  and  preserved. 

Professor  A.  M.  Kidd,  of  the  University  of  California,  opened 
a  general  discussion  on  the  three  chief  factors  in  the  administra- 
tion of  justice.    This  was  considered  under  the  following  heads : 

1.  The  men  by  whom  it  is  administered. 

2.  The  machinery  of  legal  and  political  institutions  by  which 
they  administer  justice. 

3.  The  environment  in  which  they  do  so. 

{For  Discussion  of  Professor  Kidd,  see  page  6H.) 

At  the  conclusion  of  Professor  Kidd's  remarks  a  general  dis- 
cussion ensued  in  which  Judge  Pam,  of  Chicago,  Judge  Bruce, 
of  North  Dakota,  Judge  Willis,  of  Los  Angeles,  Justice  Carter, 
of  Illinois,  and  others  participated. 

The  question  of  probation  was  carefully,  considered  in  con- 
nection with  the  so-called  wave  of  crime,  and  the  endeavors  to 
enforce  the  Prohibition  Amendment.  The  entire  meeting  agreed 
that  the  chief  element  in  satisfactory  probation  was  to  secure 
competent  probation  officers  who  would  be  given  the  proper  pro- 
tection of  the  law  for  their  probationers  in  working  out  their 
salvation  and  reclaiming  them  for  a  law-abiding  life. 

The  indeterminate  sentence  also  came  in  for  careful  con- 
sideration in  connection  with  probation,  and  the  efforts  to  take 
from  judge  or  jury  power  to  fix  sentences.  The  most  important 
element  considered  was  that  when  a  prisoner  was  sentenced  for 
a  minimum  and  maximum  sentence,  that  unless  it  is  for  the 
benefit  of  society,  he  should  not  automatically  be  placed  on  parole 
at  the  expiration  6f  the  minimum  sentence.  He  should  be  held 
until  it  is  safe  for  him  to  return  to  society,  whether  that  be  at 


PBOCSBDINQS  OF  SECTION  OF  CRIMINAL  LAW.      609 

the  expiration  of  the  minimum  sentence  or  until  he  has  com- 
pleted the  maximum. 

The  Section  thereupon  adopted  the  following  resolutions: 

It  has  been  said  that  "  The  three  chief  factors  in  the  administration  of 
justice  are:  (1)  the  men  by  whom  it  is  administered;  (2)  the  machinery 
of  legal  and  political  institutions  by  means  of  which  they  administer 
justice;  and  (3),  the  environment  in  which  they  do  so."  It  is  the 
second  factor  that  offers  by  far  the  greatest  possibilities  of  legislative 
change,  the  limits  of  effective  action  being  conditioned,  however,  by 
the  other  factors.  These  factors  have  been  thoroughly  analyzed  in 
the  study  from  which  the  above  quotation  is  taken,  "Criminal  Justice 
in  Cleveland."  The  time  is  ripe  for  a  comprehensive  restatement 
of  the  criminal  law.  The  Italians  have  already  begim  the  task.  We 
therefore  urge  the  preparation  of  a  uniform  code  of  criminal  law 
and  procedure,  and  suu^est  that  this  Section  cooperate  for  this  pur- 

£ose  with  the  National  Conference  of  Commissioners  on  Uniform  State 
aws,  with  the  American  Institute  of  Criminal  Law  and  Criminology, 
and  with  other  interested  bodies. 

It  is  realized  that  the  foregoing  program  will  take  vears  for  com- 
pletion, and  that  in  the  meantime  there  are  certain  defects  which  can 
be  remedied.    It  is,  therefore,  recommended  that  the  following  princi- 

{)les  be  affirmed  and  that  this  Section  draft  or  procure  the  drafting  of 
aws  to  put  these  principles  into  effect,  and  report  at  the  next  annual 
meeting. 

I.  That  it  be  possible  to  dispose  of  a  criminal  case  finally  on  a  plea 
of  guilty  at  the  preliminary  examination,  and  that  after  a  plea  of  not 
guilty  an  information  be  filed  immediately  at  the  conclusion  of  the 
preliminary  hearing. 

n.  That  an  habitual  offender's  act  be  passed,  making  it  possible  for 
habitual  offenders  and  recidivists  to  be  detained  as  long  as  necessary. 

III.  That  all  sentences  be  indeterminate. 

IV.  That  probation  and  parole  be  centered  in  a  board.  That  this 
board  be  provided  with  the  necessary  medical,  psychiatrical,  and 
sociological  assistance  to  find  out  the  character  of  the  men  that  they 
are  dealing  with;  that  institutions  be  provided,  sufficient  in  number 
to  protect  the  public,  and  sufficiently  diversified  to  afford  the  most 
effective  treatment  in  the  different  classes  of  offenders. 

• 

Chief  of  Police  August  Vollmer,  of  Berkeley,  California,  ad- 
dressed the  Section  as  follows : 

I  am  speaking  as  an  ordinary,  everyday  cop,  without  the  scien- 
tific training  which  you  gentlemen  have,  and  without  the  knowl- 
edge of  the  law  which  you  possess ;  but,  as  one  of  the  policemen 
dealing  with  the  practical  problems  of  everyday  criminal  life. 

We  in  the  police  field  recognize  the  fact  that  justice  is  ratlier 
slow.  We  believe,  however,  that  there  is  no  necessity  for  making 
any  great  changes.  We  have  rather  an  optimistic  feeling  that, 
after  all,  the  American  people  will  solve  their  problems  in  the  way 
they  have  always  solved  them.    We  don't  believe  that  agitators 


6l0  PftOCKEDlNGS  OF  6£C1M0N   OF   CRIMINAL  LAW. 

are  going  to  cut  our  country  into  halves,  or  that  they  have  a 
panacea  for  all  our  ills. 

In  speaking  of  criminal  statistics^  we  mean  the  actual  num- 
ber of  crimes  committed  in  a  community,  not  the  number  of 
arrests,  necessarily.  What  we  want  to  know  is  how  many  mur- 
ders are  committed,  say  in  the  City  of  Detroit,  how  many  bur- 
glaries, and  how  many  robberies,  so  that  we  may  compare  those 
crimes  with  the  years  gone  by,  and  with  the  increase  in  popula- 
tion ;  and  then  there  is  some  chance  for  us  to  determine  whether 
or  not  there  has  been  any  increase  in  criminal  conditions  in  a 
given  community.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  under  the  unified  court 
system  now  in  vogue,  in  Detroit,  they  have  decreased  crime  in 
that  city  just  58  per  cent.  If  a  man  can  be  brought  in  today, 
charged  with  a  felony,  and  the  following  day  be  committed  to 
the  penitentiary  or  to  a  receiving  institution,  it  would  seem  that 
the  people  of  the  community  should  be  satisfied  with  that  type 
of  justice.  It  is  certainly  rapid  enough.  I  would  suggest  that  you 
study  the  imified  court  law  in  Detroit  and  determine  whether 
it  will  apply  to  the  rest  of  the  country. 

As  practical  men,  we  recognize  the  fact  that  every  individual 
here  differs  in  temperament.  Those  temperamental  qualities 
alone  are  probably  sufficient  for  some  of  us  to  be  committed  to 
institutions.  We  all  have  the  same  basic  instincts,  but  the 
strength  of  those  instincts  differs  in  all  of  us.  Some  of  us  have 
a  very  highly  developed  pugnacious  instinct,  others  a  well  de- 
veloped acquisitive  instinct,  and  so  on.  As  I  say,  these  instincts 
differ  in  every  individual,  and  they  make  up  the  differences  in 
our  dispositions;  and  our  dispositions  arie  frequently  the  cause 
of  individuals  being  committed  to  institutions. 

It  has  been  said  that  for  every  impulse  there  is  either  action 
or  reaction.  Every  time  we  feel  an  impulse  to  do  something 
there  is  a  negative  tendency  not  to  do  it.  N"ow,  in  some  individ- 
uals we  see  an  absolute  lack  of  control  of  the  will,  or  what  may 
be  called  a  defect  in  the  volitional  field,  and  they  do  things  which 
they  recognize  as  wrong;  they  strive  with  all  their  might  not  to 
give  way  to  the  impulses,  and  after  they  have  given  way  to  them 
they  experience  a  feeling  of  relief. 

We  recognize  from  studies  that  have  been  made  that  defects 
in  intelligence  may  be  wholly  responsible  for  an  individual's 


PBOCEBDINGS  OF  SECTION  OF  CBIMINAL  LAW.      611 

delinquency.  Again^  delinquency  may  be  due  entirely  to  an 
individual's  environment ;  early  in  his  lif e^  due  to  the  fact  that 
he  hadn^t  been  taught  habits  of  industry^  obedience,  or  truth- 
fulness^ he  started  on  the  road  which  finally  led  him  into  the 
hands  of  the  police.  When  we  consider  all  of  the  inherent  quali- 
ties^ and  consider  them  also  in  relation  to  the  individual's  en- 
vironment, we  know  that  there  must  of  necessity  be  diflEerent 
types  of  individuals. 

How  can  a  court  under  the  present  state  of  affairs  pass  judg- 
ment upon  a  person  unless  it  knows  all  of  the  factors  of  heredity 
and  environment  that  are  behind  that  individual?  Doesn't 
it  seem  reasonable,  doesn't  it  appear  sensible,  for  us  to  study  the 
individual  in  his  entirety?  And  that  can  only  be  done  by  men 
scientifically  trained  to  do  it.  The  human  mind  is  very  complex, 
and  there  are  so  many  causes  to  be  considered  in  connection 
with  misbehavior  that  it  is  utterly  inconceivable  that  any  person 
can  know  all  about  a  human  being  in  the  few  minutes  he  appears 
before  the  judge  in  court;  and  I  believe,  that  every  man  who  is 
brought  before  the  bar  of  justice  should  be  tried  for  the  act. 
Did,  or  did  he  not,  commit  the  offense?  And  the  question  of 
his  responsibility  should  be  a  matter  to  be  passed  on  later,  after 
the  trial,  and  after  the  offender  has  been  committed  to  an  insti- 
tution for  study.  If  the  man  can  be  reclaimed,  place  him  back 
in  society  and  give  him  a  chance,  not  the  chance  as  we  know  it 
today,  but  without  tlie  stigma  of  a  felon.  Send  the  delinquents 
to  a  receiving  institution  where  there  is  a  specialist  in  human 
behavior.  It  is  necessary,  however,  to  provide  the  right  type 
of  institutions  under  scientific  management  for  that  work. 

Captain  Duncan  Matheson,  of  the  San  Francisco  Police  De- 
partment)  gave  a  most  interesting  experience  of  police  work  in 
the  California  metropolis.  He  emphasized  the  errors  that  had 
been  made  in  legislation  to  try  and  cure  the  ills  of  the  body 
politic.  He  recommended  repealing  all  laws  passed  in  the  last 
twenty-five  years,  and  to  start  a  new  period.  He  suggested  three 
necessary  elements  in  solving  the  problem  of  crime,  education, 
housing,  and  religion.  To  establish  the  old  religious  life  again, 
and  to  go  back  to  the  old  home  life,  would  keep  many  of  our 
boys'  from  going  into  the  penitentiary.    The  home  training,  the 


612  PROGBSDINQS  OF   SBCTION   OF   CRIMINAL  LAW. 

religious  instniction  and  full  school  education  are  the  funda- 
mentals on  whi<;h  we  must  work  to  solve  the  problem^ 

Others  followed  along  similar  lines,  and  those  who  took  part 
were  W.  H.  Nicholl,  Esq.,  of  San  Francisco,  Judge  Cole,  of 
Imperial  Oounly,  California,  Judge  Bardin,  of  Monterey,  Cali- 
fornia, and  Chairman  O^Donnell,  and  all  added  excellent  con- 
tributions to  this  discussion. 

A  motion  was  carried  that  a  committee  be  appointed  to  con- 
sider these  facts  and  report  on  the  same  at  the  next  annual 
meeting. 

At  the  evening  session  there  were  three  most  important  papers 
submitted  for  consideration  and  discussion. 

Dr.  John  A.  Larsen,  of  Berkeley,  California,  addressed  the 
meeting  on  '^  The  Lie  Detector  and  Other  Deception  Tests,*'  and 
illustrated  the  same  with  lantern  slides  of  actual  cases. 

{For  Address  of  Dr.  Larsen,  see  page  619.) 

He  was  followed  by  Dr.  Herman  M.  Adler,  Criminologist  of 
the  Department  of  Public  Welfare  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  who 
spoke  on  "  The  Interests  of  Psychiatry  in  Crimiiial  Procedure.'* 

{For  Address  of  Dr.  Adler,  see  page  6iS9.) 

At  the  conclusion  of  his  most  interesting  talk,  Hon.  Andrew 
A.  Bruce,  Professor  of  Law  of  the  University  of  Minnesota, 
spoke  on  "  The  Possibilities  and  Limitations  of  Modern  Medico- 
Psychiatric  Methods.**  He  compared  the  Lie  Detector  as  a  won- 
derful thing  for  the  probation  officer  or  a  man  in  the  peniten- 
tiary to  experiment  with,  but  was  a  little  doubtful  as  to  its 
efficiency  in  a  court  of  law  as  a  positive  basis  for  conviction  or 
acquittal.  He  very  much  doubted  if  you  could  get  any  jury  to 
pay  any  attention  to  a  lie  Detector,  and  compared  such  a  trial  in 
court  as  to  the  old  time  "Trial  by  Ordeal.**  Summing  up,  he 
paid  tribute  to  our  present  day  methods  and  emphasized  what 
we  need  more  than  anything  else  is  enough  courts,  with  the 
proper  officials,  to  honestly  enforce  the  law. 

The  following  officers  were  elected  for  the  year: 
Chairman,  Floyd  E.  Thompson,  Eock  Island,  Illinois;  Vice- 
Chairman,  William  0.  Hart,  New  Orleans,  Louisiana;  Secre- 
tary-Treasurer, Edwin  M.  Abbott,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania. 


PR0CEEDIKQ8  OF  8B0TI0N  OF  GBIMINAL  LAW.      613 

Council :  Roscoe  Pounds  Chairman,  Cambridge,  Massachusetts ; 
John  G.  Buchanan,  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania;  Frank  G.  Den- 
ning, Topeka,  Kansas;  W.  H.  Clifton,  Aberdeen,  Mississippi; 
F.  B.  Orossley,  Chicago,  Illinois;  Lawrence  McDaniel,  St.  Louis, 
Missouri;  Annette  Abbott  Adams,  San  Francisco,  California; 
Thos.  J.  O'Donnell,  Denver,  Colorado;  M.  A.  Bdd,  Berkeley, 
California. 

Both  meetings  were  well  attended,  and  the  discussions  were 
most  helpful  and  enjoyed  by  everyone  present. 

Edwin  M.  Abbott,  Secretary. 


THE  ADMINISTRATION  OP  JUSTICE. 

BY 

A.  M.  KIDD, 

OF  THE  tJNIVEBSITT  OF  CALIFORNIA,  BEBSXLEY,  CAL. 

The  remarks  of  our  President  on  the  subject  of  criminal 
procedure  are  Veil  taken.  The  subject  is  a  difBcult  one,  and, 
above  all,  we  must  avoid  nostrums  and  hasty  Remedies  in  seeking 
its  solution.  Mention  is  made  in  the  resolutions  of  the  analysis 
made  of  conditions  in  Cleveland.,  Of  coure,  it  would  be  a  mis- 
fortune to  have  an  epidemic  of  surveys  such  as  that,  because, 
while  Cleveland  is  not  the  same  as  New  York,  and  New  York 
is  not  the  same  as  Los  Angeles,  and  Los  Angeles  is  not  the  same 
as  Chicago,  nevertheless  there  is  so  much  in  common  that  really 
you  can  read  page  after  page  of  one  survey  and  gain  a  general 
idea  of  all,  and  by  substituting  at  the  top  the  name  of  your  own 
city  in  place  of  Cleveland,  you  have  a  picture  of  your  local  con- 
ditions. 

As  General  Webb  spoke,  there  occurred  to  me  one  of  the  dangers 
which  was  pointed  out  in  that  survey  of  Cleveland,  one  diflSculty 
in  the  way  of  reform,  and  that  is  the  common  mode  of  thinking 
which  seeks  to  explain  everything  by  one  cause,  and  to  cure 
every  ill  by  some  one  sovereign  remedy.  As  General  Webb 
referred  to  the  development  of  appellate  practice  in  this  state, 
I  remembered  that  when  that  constitutional  amendment  was 
first  suggested,  some  three  or  four  years  before  it  was  put  before 
the  people,  intelligent  and  educated  men  insisted  that  the  whole 
trouble  with  our  criminal  procedure  was  the  fact  that  appellate 
courts  reversed  convictions.  When  I  questioned  that,  they 
seemed  to  think  there  was  something  wrong  with  me,  and  they 
pointed  to  the  English  system.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  English 
didn't  reverse  criminal  cases,  very  naturally,  because  they  didn't 
have  any  court  of  criminal  appeals  at  the  time.  They  didn't 
get  such  a  court  until  1907,  and  since  they  organized  it,  they  have 
reversed  far  more  cases  than  we  have.  As  General  Webb  has 
said,  we  have  put  California  appellate  procedure  on  a  good  foun- 

(614) 


A.   K.   KIBD.  616 

dation.    It  is  satisfactory.    Of  coiirse,  there  could  be  improve- 
ments^ but  on  the  whole  it  works  well. 

Now,  where  is  the  trouble?  It  is  the  work  of  some  survey, 
such  as  the  Cleveland  Survey,  to  point  to  the  causes  and  to 
point  to  the  fact  that  there  is  no  one  cause.  As  Dean  Found  says, 
^*  the  first  thing  is  the  men  by  whom  the  system  is  administered.^' 
Changing  the  men  isn't  a  matter  of  turning  the  rascals  out  of 
ofBce  and  putting  new  ones  in,  but  it  is  a  matter  of  raising  the 
standards  of  admission  to  the  Bar,  better  training  in  criminolbgy 
of  those  who  are  to  administer  the  criminal  law,  and  other  slow 
acting  remedies.    The  effects  will  not  be  apparent  for  years. 

The  third  condition  found  in  the  resolutions  is  environment. 
Some  of  you  may  be  Socialists,  others  may  be  standpatters,  and 
you  may  have  different'  views  as  to  the  way  in  which  environment 
may  be  improved.  We,  as  a  Bar  Association,  or  as  a  Section  of 
the  Bar  Association,  can  merely  recommend  changes  in  the 
machinery  of  legal  and  political  institutions  by  which  in  a  given 
environment  the  men  who  are  administering  the  criminal  law 
will  be  able  to  act  more  e£Sciently. 

So  the  point  I  should  like  to  emphasize  is  this :  To  beware  of 
single  causes.  There  are  men  today  who  will  tell  you  that  the 
trouble  with  our  system  is  that  the  defendant  cannot  be  com- 
pelled to  take  the  stand :  that  when  you  correct  that  you  cure 
the  principal  cause  of  crime.  Others  will  say  it  is  the  indeter- 
minate sentence.  Others  will  say  it  is  probation.  A  careful 
stady  will  reveal  conclusively  that  there  many  causes. 

But  why  talk  about  it?  Why  not  Qiake  a  beginning?  Almost 
the  only  legislation  in  this  country  that  has  not  been  of  a  hasty 
crude  type  has  been  the  work  of  the  American  Bar  Association ; 
and  it  is  our  hope  in  this  Section  that  we  may  prevail  upon  the 
American  Bar  Association  to  cooperate  with  these  organizations 
mentioned  in  the  resolutions  in  a  real  work,  an  exploration  of 
the  causes,  the  keeping  of  uniform  records,  and  the  ascertain- 
ment of  information,  as  our  President  suggested  in  his  letter,  to 
the  end  that  a  carefully  advised  revision  of  our  laws  may  be 
secured. 

The  statistics  that  General  Webb  gave,  while  they  show  some 
improvement  in  California  conditions,  do  not  altogether  reveal 
the  difficulties,  because  again,  as  this  Cleveland  Survey  shows, 


616  THB  ADMINIST&ATIOK  OP  J178TIOB. 

the  trouble  is,  to  a  oonfliderable  extent,  a  difiSculty  that  comes  with 
large  cities,  and  from  conditions  that  come  about  in  large  cities. 
If  you  have  a  sparsely  settled  country  and  you  put  a  good  judge 
on  the  Bench,  and  have  a  good  sheriff,  they  ^1  handle  things 
fairly  well;  but  it  is  in  the  big  city,  where  no  one  man  is  respon- 
sible, that  the  trouble  comes. 

An  investigation  of  some  of  the  statistics  in  San  Francisco," 
two  or  three  years  ago,  showed  about  this  for  one  year — ^I  think 
that  year  was  worse  than  the  succeeding  years,  but  nevertheless 
it  shows  the  same  condition  that  the  Cleveland  Report  shows — 
that  there  were  approximately  three  thousand  complaints  for 
felony,  and  about  six  hundred  held  over  for  trial.  Of  those  six 
hundred  held  over  for  trial,  about  one  hundred  went  to  San 
Quentin.  Now,  what  is  the  answer?  '  In  other  words,  the 
chances  are  just  about  one  in  thirty  of  a  person  who  is  com- 
plained about  for  committing  a  felony,  that  he  will  ever  reach 
state's  prison.  In  most  of  the  counties  the  statistics  are  better 
than  that,  but  we  have  to  devise  a  system  that  will  work  in  the 
cities,  because  that  is  where  the  principal  trouble  arises. 

Not  to  delay  the  discussion  any  further,  I  simply  want  to 
call  attention  to  one  or  two  of  the  things  that  are  causing  trouble. 

It  is  very  hard  to  place  the  responsibility  for  this  failure.  It 
may  be  in  the  police.  Sometimes  they  arrest  too  many  persons; 
in  some  counties  they  do.  Then  they  don't  always  get  the  evi- 
dence. .  We  know  that  happens  in  some  counties,  and  you  cannot 
get  convictions  if  the  police  departments  don't  function  properly. 
In  one  of  our  coimties  around  the  Bay,  they  change  their  Chief 
of  Police  every  few  months,  and  you  can't  expect  to  have  an 
efficient  police  system  where  that  takes  place.  Sometimes  the 
police  for  good  reasons  want  to  protect  a  criminal.  And  then 
the  police  judge  may  dismiss  a  case,  or  grant  a  sort  of  informal 
probation.  The  judge  of  the  superior  court  may  do  the  same 
thing.  After  all,  judges  are  only  human,  and  if  responsible 
persons  and  friends  come  to  them  and  say,  ^^  This  is  a  man  to 
whom  probation  is  going  to  be  beneficial  if  granted,"  naturally 
they  will  grant  probation.  Then  the  district  attorney  may  have 
certain  persons  whom  it  is  desirable  not  to  prosecute;  police 
departments  of  other  cities  may  have  favorites,  and  they  may 
say,  "  Please  lay  off  of  this  fellow,  he  is  useful  to  us."  Well, 
there  is  nothing  very  bad  in  it.     Perhaps  it  is  desirable  that 


▲.  K.  KIDD.  617 

certain  persons  should  be  dismissed;  perhaps  the  information 
they  give  the  police  or  the  district  attorney  is  worth  it.  But  the 
point  is  this:  That  the  responsibility  is  not  concentrated  in  any 
one  person.  It  is  subdivided.  Some  get  out  because  the  police  do 
not  prosecute;  some* get  out  because  the  police  judge  wants  them 
to  have  probation ;  some  get  out  because  &e  judge  of  the  superior 
court  wants  the  same  thing;  and  some  get  out  because  the  jury 
acquits.  In  other  words,  you  have  so  many  hurdles  to  be  jumped 
before  the  criminal  can  get  into  state's  prison  that  it  is  not  re- 
markable that  the  prosecution  somewhere  along  the  line  stxmibles. 

What  we  suggest,  therefore,  for  your  serious  discussion  is 
this :  Try  to  speed  up  the  machinery  in  such  a  way  that  where- 
ever  it  is  reasonably  possible,  trials  shall  follow  soon  after  the 
arrest,  and  then  concentrate  in  one  body,  or  two  bodies  if  you 
like,  but  I  mean  an  impartial  body,  the  question  of  probation 
and  parole,  so  that  the  police  can  no  longer  ^'  pass  the  buck  "  to 
the  district  attorney,  and  the  district  attorney  to  the  police  judge, 
and  that  judge  to  the  judge  of  the  Superior  Court.  Concentrate 
the  responsibility  for  probation  and  parole  in  a  body.  And, 
secondly,  have  that  body  so  equipped  that  it  can  act  intelligently. 
There  are,  of  course,  some  judges  who  do  understand  the  situa- 
tion very  well.  Nearly  every  judge  thinks  he  does,  but  he  has  his 
doubts  as  to  his  colleagues.  That  reminds  me  of  something  that 
Lord  Bowen  once  said  concerning  the  drafting  of  a  memorial  to 
the  queen.  It  began  '^  Conscious  as  we  are  of  our  imperf  ections,'' 
and  he  moved  to  amend  it  to  read,  '^  Conscious  as  we  are  of  each 
other's  imperfections.'* 

In  some  of  the  cities  where  there  is  more  than  one  judge, 
they  are  passed  from  one  department  to  another,  so  that  a  judge 
may  only  sit  in  the  criminal  department  for  perhaps  a  year, 
and  then  be  transferred  to  a  civil  division,  and  you  can  see  that 
it  is  impossible  for  a  judge  under  those  circumstances  to  know 
the  nature  and  character  of  the  people  with  whom  he  is  dealing, 
even  if  he  has  had  some  training  along  that  line.  Furthermore, 
in  trying  cases  under  our  system,  the  defendant  must  be  con- 
victed of  the  crime  with  which  he  is  charged,  and  must  be  con- 
victed on  evidence  of  that  crime,  and  not  on  evidence  of  other 
crimes.  In  other  words,  he  is  not  to  be  convicted  on  general 
prinidples.  But  that  means  that  it  is  very  seldom  that  the  judge 
can  ever  know  just  why  this  defendant  did  the  act.    Of  course. 


618  THE  ADMINISTRATION   OF  JUSTICE. 

when  the  question  is  asked  after  conviction^  ^^HaTe  yon  any 
reason  why  sentence  should  not  now  be  pronounced  ?  '^  the  judge 
may  then  look  into  it^  but  he  hasn't  the  machinery^  and  he 
usually  hasn't  the  time  for  making  an  investigation. 

There  are,  therefore,  three  suggestions  which  I  would  make. 
The  first  is  to  speed  up  the  administration  of  justice.  The 
second  is  to  put  the  power  of  probation  and  parole  in  the  hands 
of  a  central  board.  And  the  third  is  to  equip  that  board  with 
the  proper  machinery,  with  medical  men,  psychiatrists  and  soci- 
ologists, so  that  they  can  find  out  why  a  person  commits  a  crime. 

Here  is  one  illustration,  out  of  hundreds  that  might  be  given, 
of  facts  which  do  not  come  to  the  attention  of  judges.  A  boy 
over  in  Berkeley  started  on  a  career  of  delinquency,  and  there 
hasn't  been  a  year  since  when  he  hasn't  committed  some  act  for 
which,  if  he  were  old  enough,  he  would  have  gone  to  state's 
prison.  He  usually  committed  his  offenses  in  different  places 
so  that  he  came  up  before  different  judges  each  time,  and,  being 
a  nice  looking  boy  and  so  young,  the  judges  usually  let  him  go, 
not  knowing  of  the  other  offenses  which  he  had  committed  in 
other  places.  That  worked  until  he  went  up  north  of  the  United 
States,  into  Vancouver,  and  committed  an  offense,  and  they  gave 
him  a  two-year  "  jolt,"  as  it  is  called.  That  was  good  as  far  as 
it  went;  it  kept  him  out  of  trouble  for  two  years,  but  a  boy 
spending  two  years  in  the  Vancouver  jail,  or  in  any  other  jail,  usu- 
ally becomes  educated  in  the  ways  of  crime,  and  when  he  got 
out  of  there  he  came  down  here  and  committed  another  crime. 
There  were  no  statistics  or  system  of  id^itification  available 
and  his  record  wasn't  before  the  judge  here.  He  is  just  over 
twenty-one,  and  the  judge  said  it  would  be  ridiculous  to  send 
that  boy  to  San  Quentin ;  that  he  would  send  him  to  the  Reform 
School  at  loue.  Well,  he  was  too  tough  for  the  Beform  School, 
and  they  sent  him  back,  and  he  is  now  running  at  large  in  the 
community,  ready  to  commit  more  crimes. 

The  remedy  for  that,  as  the  President  of  our  Section  has  said, 
is  a  very  careful  collection  of  statistics,  the  establishment  of 
a  National  Bureau  of  Identification,  and  the  equipment  of  each 
office,  which  has  the  power  of  probation  and  parole,  with  these 
statistics,  aud  with  a  personnel  to  make  an  individual  examina* 
tion  of  each  deUnqueni 


THE  BERKELEY  LIE  DETECTOR  AND  OTHER 

DECEPTION  TESTS. 

BT 

JOHN  A.  LARSEN, 

OF   BBREBLBT,  CAL. 

Since  deception  plays  such  an  important  rSle  on  the  witness 
stand  and  in  crinunal  investigation^  it  is  imperative  that  the 
criminologist  should  become  familiar  with  some  of  the  mani- 
festations of  it  and  the  methods  employed  in  the  study  of  the 
deception  process. 

The  earliest  account  of  a  case  of  deception  is  in  the  Bible  where 
King  Solomon  is  called  upon  to  decide  which  of  two  women  who 
claim-  the  same  child  is  lying.  He  settled  the  dilemna  by  order- 
ing the  child  to  be  cut  into  two  pieces  whereupon  the  mother 
renounced  her  claim  and  the  liar  maintained  silence.  There  has 
long  been  a  deception  test  in  the  Orient  which  is  based  upon 
psycho-physiological  principle.  The  accused  is  requested  to  chew 
rice  and  then  to  spit  it  out  and  if  the  rice  is  dry  the  suspect  is 
deemed  guilty  as  the  fear  of  the  guilty  suspect  was  supposed  to 
inhibit  the  secretion  of  saliva.  In  India  it  has  been  stated  that 
it  is  possible  to  detect  deception  by  the  movement  of  the  big  toe 
of  the  witness.  Whenever  the  accused  lies  there  is  a  movement 
of  the  big  toe.  In  a  much  cruder  fashion  the  English  attempted 
to  detect  guilt  by  methods  known  collectively  as  the  ordeal.  Thus 
if  the  accused  were  thrown  into  a  river  and  sank  he  was  innocent, 
but  if  he  lived  he  was  deemed  guilty.  This  method  has  been 
supplanted  by  the  more  modern  third  degree.  Although  this 
procedure  is  supposedly  extant,  now  and  then  one  hears  of  its 
practice.  In  general,  whatever  method  breaks  down  the  resis- 
tance of  the  suspect  is  employed.  Thus  if  a  man  is  addicted  to 
the  excessive  use  of  tobacco  he  is  not  allowed  any  or  he  is  de- 
prived of  sleep  for  days  while  relays  of  detectives  work  him.  In 
one  case  related  to  the  writer,  a  detective  in  a  large  city  held  a 
gun  against  the  head  of  the  suspect  and  told  bim  to  come  through. 

(619) 


630      BERKELEY  LIE  DETEOTOB  AND  OTHER  DECEPTION  TESTS. 

Aside  from  humanitarian  considerations  one  important  objection 
to  this  method  is  that  cases  have  been  known  where  innocent  men 
have  brok^  down  under  the  strain  and  admitted  complicity  in 
a  crime  of  which  they  were  innocent. 

With  the  evolution  of  science  and  the  correlation  of  observa- 
tions from  the  fields  of  physiology  and  psychology,  a  truer  con- 
ception of  human  behavior  is  being  constructed.  A  true  con- 
ception of  the  processes  underlying  deception  is  still  to  be  had. 
Without  attempting  to  analyze  the  deception  syndrome  it  is  suflS- 
cient  at  this  point  to  emphasize  that  psychologists  attribute  to 
the  emotion  fear  a  very  important  role.  Sir  William  James  and 
others  agree  in  defining  an  emotion  as  being  nothing  more  than 
the  bodily  changes  which  follow  directly  the  perception  of  the 
exciting  fact,  and  the  feeling  of  the  same  changes  as  they  occur 
is  the  emotion.  Thus  the  emotion  fear  may  be  said  to  have 
specific  symptoms. 

Modem  physiologists  have  gone  further  and  have  shown  the 
defensive  mechanisms  involved  in  fear  and  the  role  which  the 
internal  secretions  play  in  response  to  the  stimuli.  The  adrenalin 
explanation  of  Cannon  explains  what  happens  between  the  re- 
ceiving of  the  stimulus  and  end  result. 

Of.  the  above  manifestations  of  fear  the  most  common  are  the 
turning  of  the  eyes  away  from  those  of  the  examiner,  squinting 
of  the  eyes,  blushing,  throat  pulsation,  cold  sweat,  spasmodic 
twitching  of  the  head  and  limbs — such  as  clutching  of  the  collar 
stealthy  cat-like  tread,  peculiar  monotone  infection  of  the  voice, 
plaintive  and  soft;  verbosity — Shakespeare's  ^'Methinks  he  doth 
protest  too  much,'*  dryness  of  the  throat. 

Liars  have  been  divided  into  several  classes.  If  divided  ac- 
cording to  their  ability  to  conceal  or  inhibit  the  indications  of 
deception  there  is  first  the  type  who  is  unsuccessful.  He  is 
easily  recognized  upon  the  witness  stand  and  by  detectives  by 
the  symptoms  mentioned  above.  Then  there  is  that  individual 
who  is  able  to  lie  and  not  show  any  indications  by  external  signa. 

The  same  type  of  liar  who  is  detected  by  the  above  symptoms 
may,  under  emotional  stress,  as  on  the  death-bed,  angry  at  be- 
trayal, or  terrified  at  arrest,  suddenly  declare  ^^  Now  I  am  going 
to  tell  the  truth.'*  This  statement  serves  to  introduce  the  oon- 
/ession.    Thie  resolwtio?i  tp  b^  truthful  is  usually  of  short  dnra- 


JOHN  A.  LABSBN.  621 

tion  and  if  the  emotion  passes  the  confession  is  regretted.  It 
is  difficult  to  lie  while  under  the  influence  of  narcotics  and  during 
intoxication.  Advantage  of  this  has  been  taken  by  a  physician 
who  is  endeavoring  to  use  a  drug^  scopolamine  and  then  question 
the  subject  while  under  its  influence. 

Habit  plays  an  important  r51e  in  the  detection  of  certain  in- 
dividuals. Helmholtz  once  stated  that  ^^  every  state  of  conscious- 
ness  has  its  physical  corelaf  Thus  for  every  mental  event 
there  must  be  a  corresponding  physical  one  in  some  form.  Of 
course  this  physical  expression  will  vary  according  to  the  emo- 
tional state^  type  of  individual^  and  will  be  subject  to  many  limita- 
tions. Through  the  intervention  of  many  variables  a  correct 
interpretation  of  their  symptoms  is  often  impossible^  and  at 
best  haphazard.  As  illustrative  of  the  influence  of  habit,  some 
people  yawn  when  under  tension,  some  move  their  limbs.  The 
effect  of  habit  seen  in  gestures  is  of  value  when  an  individual 
illustrates  his  lie  with  gestures  which  are  diametrically  opposed. 
Thus  a  person  expresses  love  for  someone,  but  by  the  clenching 
of  his  fist  gives  the  words  the  lie. 

Most  people  gesticulate.  These  deep-rooted  tendencies  are 
shown  in  deception  where  the  man,  who  although  consciously 
lying  is  governed  by  the  repressed  truth  and  gesticulates  ac- 
cordingly. 

Spencer  with  many  other  workers,  emphasizes  the  importance 
of  voice  in  the  detection  of  deception.  The  varying  inflection 
or  the  timbre  of  the  voice  often  gives  the  most  clever  liar  away. 
Through  stimulation  of  the  nerves  there  is  a  resultant  movement 
of  the  facial  muscles,  and  those  concerned  with  swallowing.  The 
monotone,  slightly  quavering  voice  may  be  very  significant. 
Gross  concludes  that  effective  simulation  of  the  voice  is  hardly 
possible.  In  using  this  method  of  diagnosis  much  caution  is 
ijiecessary,  and  it  should  not  be  used  alone  but  with  other  factors. 

Faling  and  blushing  have  no  diagnostic  indication  when  used 
alone.  Even  when  considered  with  other  factors  much  caution 
is  necessary,  and  these  symptoms  may  be  entirely  lacking  in  a 
certain  type  of  liar. 

Following  the  detection  of  deception  by  the  physical  method^, 
if  present,  psychologists  attack  the  problem  by  association 
methods,  both  qualitatively  and  quantitatively.    As  to  the  former 


622      BEBKELEY  LIE  DETECTOB  AND  OTHER  DECEPTION  TESTS. 

there  is  a  marked  lack  of  agreement^  but  on  the  quantitatiye  side 
there  is  more  unity.  Most  psychologists  agree  that  deceptive 
associations  tend  to  increase  the  reaction  time.  Of  living  psy- 
chologists, Langfeld  of  Harvard  is  a  firm  adherent  of  the  associa- 
tion method  for  the  detection  of  guilt,  Marston,  a  Boston  at- 
torney and  a  pupil  of  Munsterberg,  in  working  upon  a  different 
method  for  the  studying  of  the  deception  process  compared  the 
association  methods  and  foimd  them  unsatisfactory  as  com- 
pared with  his  method.  In  our  work,  later  to  be  described,  we 
have  found  many  cases  of  deception  where  the  individual  has 
subsequently  confessed  and  this  deception  was  not  indicated  by 
Any  delayed  reaction  time. 

Students  have  studied  the  association  of  ideas  since  the  time 
of  Aristotle.  All  of  our  ideas  are  linked  together  with  other 
ideas.  One  word  or  association  at  once  calls  to  mind  another  one. 
In  experimental  psychology  the  workers  usually  use  a  standard 
list  of  words  and  these  are  alternated  with  words  which  concern 
the  crime  being  investigated.  Then  from  a  comparison  of  the 
time  which  elapses  between  the  giving  of  the  word  and  the  an- 
swer, guilt  is  determined.  Thus  if  the  suspect  hiBsitates  longer 
on  one  word  than  another,  then  there  is  a  guilty  association  about 
this  word  according  to  this  school. .  The  character  of  the  words 
also  give  an  idea  as  to  the  connection  of  the  suspect  with  the 
alleged  crime. 

Mlinsterberg  was  a  strong  advocate  of  this  method  and  went 
so  far  with  it  as  to  use  it  in  court  cases  and  in  the  Orchard  case,  he 
declared  that  the  accused  was  innocent. 

In  conclusion  as  to  the  efficacy  of  the  delayed  reaction  time 
and  nature  of  the  response,  at  present  it  does  not  seem  effective 
in  the  detection  of  deception,  if  used  alone,  but  sometimes  if 
used  corroboratively  may  be  of  value. 

The  first  real  step  towards  the  working  out  of  a  deception 
test  making  use  of  physiological  changes  associated  with  emo- 
tional disturbances  was  the  masterly  work  of  Benussi.  He  de- 
tected deception  by  studying  breathing  during  the  process.  He 
found  inspiration  to  expiration  symptomatic  of  "internal  ex- 
citement ''  caused  by  lying  and  this  was  found  to  be  stronger  in 
the  case  of  the  clever  liars  than  in  those  easily  detected.  His 
work  has  since  been  confirmed  by  H.  E.  Burtt  who  found  with 


JOHN  A.   LARSBN.  623 

Bennssi  that  the  biieathiiig  is  diagnostic  of  deception  even 
though  the  subject  tries  voluntarily  to  control  the  breathing. 
Proceeding  further  Boris  Sidis  utilized  respiration  as.  a  means 
for  diagnosis  in  psychiatrical  investigations.  In  one  case  he 
found  that  the  tracings  of  the  respirations  differed  in  a  woman 
with  a  dual  personality  and  he  was  able  to  differentiate  between 
the  two  elements. 

For  years  physiologists  have  noticed  that  the  respiration  and 
heart"  action  are  often  markedly  affected  by  the  emotions.  Aside 
from  studying  the  affects  of  the  emotions  upon  the  respiration 
some  workers  have  studied  the  vasomotor  changes  by  means  of 
the  pletysmograph.  The  changes  in  volume  and  the  fluctuations 
obtained  by  this  method  are  too  variable  to  use  in  a  practical  test 
for  deception.  Physicians  have  noticed  that  in  securing  accurate 
determinations  of  blood  pressure  and  cardiograms  the  emotions 
play  an  important  r81e.  After  the  work  of  Benussi  on  the  respir- 
ation the  next  step  forward  was  made  by  Marston,  a  former  pupil 
of  Miinsterberg.  He  made  use  of  the  fact  that  there  may  be  an 
increase  of  blood  pressure  during  the  process  of  deception.  Ac- 
cordingly he  conducted  a  series  of  tests  upon  the  changes  in  the 
blood  pressure  during  deception.  Unless  there  is  an  increase 
of  blood  pressure  of  over  10  mm.  he  concluded  that'  there  was 
no  deception.  These  determinations  were  taken  not  continually 
but  intermittently  at  definite  intervals  and  from  the  figures  a 
curve  was  plotted  and  from  the  nature  of  this  curve  a  decision 
was  reached.  He  conducted  several  series  of  tests  in  all  of  which 
he  obtained^a  high  degree  of  accuracy  in  the  detection  of  decep- 
tion. In  some  cases  he  worked  with  students  who  lied  at  will 
and  if  they  did  the  deception  was  detected.  Of  course  the  pro- 
cess involved  here  differed  to  some  extent  from  those  present  in 
the  person  accused  of  a  crime.  He  also  worked  with  police  cases 
and  was  successful  in  his  work.  It  is  well  to  emphasize  again 
that  he  uses  blood  pressure  changes  as  indicative  of  deception 
only  when  there  is  an  appreciable  increase  over  an  arbitrary 
boundary  line.  He  obtains  these  readings  in  the  same  manner 
in  which  the  physician  secures  his  in  the  routine  work. 

In  the  investigation  which  we  have  carried  on  during  the  past 
two  years  covering  hundreds  of  individuals  we  have  seen  many 
cases  of  deception  in  which  there  was  nothing  which  according 


624      BERE£L£Y  LIE  DETBGTOB  AND  OTHER  DEOSFTION  TESTS. 

to  Marston  would  indicate  deception.  Thus  in  individuals  who 
were  detected  by  the  present  test  and  later  conf  essed^  Marston 
would  have  found  no  significant  changes.  Marston^s  methods  as 
well  as  that  of  others  were  used  as  checks  in  the  present  work. 

Therefore  it  would  be  well  for  Marstons's  adUierents  to. exer- 
cise considerable  caution  if  they  continue  to  base  the  detection  of 
deception  by  blood  pressure. 

Over  a  year  ago  we  started  to  use  a  deception  test  based  upon 
the  correlation  between  physiological  and  emotional  activities. 
The  essential  feature  of  the  test  consists  in  securing  a  graphic 
record  ofi  the  respiratory  and  cardiac  changes  during  the  process 
of  deception.  In  this  cure  all  of  the  changes  as  mentioned  by 
Benussi  can  be  recorded  as  well  as  a  record  of  the  heart's  pulsa- 
tions and  blood  pressure  tracing.  In  addition  a  check  is  made 
on  one  arm  to  study  deception  so  as  to  either  confirm  or  check 
Marston's  results.  Synchronously  with  the  above  record  a  tim- 
ing curve  is  obtained.  In  addition  the  association  time  is  re- 
corded by  suitable  signaling  devices.  The  procedure  is  as 
follows : 

1.  A  record,  control,  is  secured  without  any  questions  or 
words, 

2.  Thiffis  followed  by  a  short  prefatory  statement  in  which  the 
nature  of  the  test  is  explained  and  the  necessary  instiiuctiona  are 
given.  Thus  the  suspect  is  told  to  answer  only  yes  or  no  to  any 
questions  and  that  if  he  lies  that  fact  will  be  detected. 

3.  The  preamble  is  followed  by  a  series  of  indifferent  ques- 
tions which  are  to  be  answered  yes  or  no. 

4.  A  series  of  questions  upon  the  crime. 

5.  A  set  of  association  words.  Here  a  list  of  words  are  alter- 
nated with  a  list  of  our  own  upon  the  investigation. 

6.  A  Woodworth  questionnaire  of  116  questions  in  some  cases. 
This  is  used  on  all  sex  perverts. 

As  checks  upon  former  methods  the  reaction  time  is  recorded 
and  the  blood  pressure  changes  are  recorded  on  one  arm  as 
Marston  did.  All  possible  variables  are  eliminated*  The  sub- 
ject is  placed  so  that  he  cannot  see  the  apparatus.  In  addition 
to  securing  checks  on  a  single  suspect,  it  is  often  possible  to 
secure  fifty  or  more.  Thus  in  case  a  crime  has  been  commited 
in  a  house  where  there  are  sixty  individuals  and  there  is  no 


JOHK  A.  LAliSBK.  626 

evidence  pointing  to  anyone^  all  of  the  persons  are  run  and 
checked  on  each  other. 

It  is  the  idea  of  the  present  investigation  to  ascertain,  if 
possible,  how  much  information  can  be  gleaned  from  the  present 
deception  test  The  following  facts  seem  to  stand  out  from  the 
hundreds  of  individuals  examined  in  actual  police  investigation. 

1.  The  association  words  with  the  time  reaction  do  not  give 
as  definite  results  as  the  cardio-respiratory  changes. 

2.  Blood  pressure  determinations  are  not  as  reliable  as  a  study 
of  the  graphic  records.  Many  cases  of  confessed  deception  have 
been  noted  in  which  there  was  no  rise  which  Marston  states  con- 
stitutes deception.  Other  procedure  based  purely  upon  quanti- 
tative estimations  are  open  to  the  same  criticism.  Thus  the  use 
of  various  electrical  devices  and  galvanometers  has  many  more 
variables  to  contend  with  and  then  at  best  the  changes  are  much 
more  difficult  of  interpretation. 

3.  In  every  case  of  deception  as  examined  by  the  cardio- 
pneumo-psychograms  and  checked  by  confession  there  are 
marked  changes  in  the  records.  These  deviations  are  so  definite 
that  they  can  be  differentiated  from  the  rest  of  the  record.  The 
effect  of  the  repression  varies  according  to  the  temperament  and 
physical  character  of  the  individual.  Thus  there  may  be  an 
increase  or  decrease  .in  frequency,  a  marked  depression  or  excita- 
tion, or  a  more  or  less  summative  effect.  In  all  cases  of  deception 
yet  encountered  the  curve  differs  for  that  of  the  controls  or  the 
person  who  does  not  repress.  In  many  cases  of  innocent  persons 
accused  of  a  crime  there  may  be  an  initial  tension  but  this  is 
geEQeralized  and  easy  to  control.  It  appears,  if  at  all,  before  the 
crime  has  been  touched  upon.  It  has  been  actually  found  that 
regardless  of  the  nervous  condition  of  the  innocent,  when  accused 
the  suspect  can  be  easily  eliminated.  That  the  apprehension  of 
an  innocent  man  accused  of  a  crime  does  not  interfere  with  the 
test  can  be  seen  in  cases  such  as  the  following :  48  girls  are  living 
in  a  house  in  which  a  series  of  larcenies  have  occurred.  Working 
by  the  ordinary  methods  no  tangible  evidence  had  been  secured. 
All  of  the  girls  volunteered  as  a  body  to  submit  to  the  test.  Out 
of  these  a  girl  was  chosen  as  responsible.  She  subsequently  con- 
fessed to  a  series  of  thefts.  In  cases  where  many  individuals  are 
concerned  it  frequently  happens  that  two  or  three  persons  are 


626      BERKELEY  LIE  DETSOTOB  AND  OTHER  DECEPTION  TESTS. 

selected  in  the  first  test.  Later  all  but  the  guilty  are  eliminated 
as  it  was  found  that  they  had  committed  some  other  offense 
which  was  suggested  by  some  question,  but  when  this  was  cleared 
up  they  were  easily  eliminated.  In  practical  use  this  test  has 
been  utilized  not  to  gain  a  conviction  but  a  knowledge  as  to  the 
identity  of  the  guilty  party  and  from  then  on  ordinary  police 
procedure  is  followed.  Thus  the  accused  usually  confessed  and 
this  confession  is  written  and  then  serves  as  evidence.  In  all 
cases  the  suspect  submits  voluntarily.  It  has  been  found  from 
actual  experience  that  the  recidivist  and  the  clever  crook  is. 
easier  to  detect  than  others.  In  several  cases  medical  students 
and  physicians  have  been  detected  although  they  tried  every 
known  method  to  prevent  detection.  In  tiiis  test  detection  is 
possible  if  there  is  a  real  emotional  element  present.  If  a  person 
lies  just  for  the  sake  of  deceiving,  detection  may  not  result  and  if 
it  does  the  processes  involved  are  different  than  those  in  cases 
where  there  is  a  real  fear  element  involved.  Of  coure  the  test  is 
so  conducted  as  to  eliminate  anger  or  resentment  and  this  is  not 
difficult. 

4.  The  marked  irregularities  due  to  the  effects  of  repression 
involved  in  the  deception  process  disappear  with  the  confession. 
If,  however,  a  subject  maintains  a  repression  in  successive  tests, 
as  a  rule  the  effects  continue  although  he  may  know  the  stimulus 
word  or  question  and  when  it  is  coming.  In  all  cases  up  to  the 
present  time  when  a  subject  was  given  the  same  questions  after 
confession  the  record  was  clear.  The  same  thing  occurs  when  the 
subject  confesses  when  first  questioned. 

5.  Physiological  or  pathological  factors  do  not  appear  to  inter- 
fere with  the  test,  provided  that  the  subject  is  able  to  understand 
the  questions  and  is  not  unfit  mentally,  as  in  some  of  the  im- 
beciles and  psychotic  individuals.  Thus,  if  a  subject  has  an 
irregular  heart  this  is  ascertained  in  the  control.  If  a  subject  is 
temporarily  unstable  because  of  worry  or  physiological  strain 
such  as  fatigue,  menstruation,  etc.,  this  in  no  way  interferes  with 
the  effect  of  the  emotional  disturbances.  * 

6.  In  this  test  a  graphic  record  is  obtained  which  represents 
in  visible  form  the  emotional  wave  which  we  may  term  the  cardio- 
pneumo-psychogram.  Here  every  pulsation  is  shown.  Whether 
the  change  be  of  the  nature  of  an  inhibition  or  excitation  that 


JOHN   A.   LAKSSN.  627 

deviation  is  recorded.  This  graphic  record  obtained  is  apecific 
and  varies  with  each  individual.  Tictorially  the  individual  is 
represented  in  two  ways^  first  by  his  present  physical  condition 
as  shown  in  his  heart  and  respiratc^  rhythm,  and  second  by 
his  reaction  under  stress,  during  questioning  which  may  involve 
him  in  some  crime.  Thus  a  phlegmatic  individual  or  a  person 
with  a  hypo-thyroid  insufficiency  does  not  have  the  same 'type  of 
record  or  react  in  the  same  manner  as  the  nervous,  dynamic  type 
or  the  individual  with  the  hyper-thyroid  condition.  In  these 
records,  the  persons  resolve  themselves  into  groups  which  at 
first  glance  seem  to  depend  upon  the  temperaments  or  disposi- 
tions of  the  individuals.  The  cause,  however,  seems  to  be  deeper 
for  the  emotional  reaction  of  the  individual  may  depend  entirely 
upon  his  physiological  or  pathological  picture.  Becords  may  be 
grouped  physiologically  according  to  age,  sex,  and  other  factors. 
In  short  any  factor,  normal  or  abnormal,  which  affects  the  heart 
and  respiratory  activity  to  any  extent  will  show  np  in  the  nscord. 
This  effect  may  only  be  transitory.  In  some  cases,  as  in  certain 
girls  during  menstruation  there  may  be  changes  from  their  re- 
sponse during  stress  from  other  times.  The  pathological  factors 
such  as  arterio-sclerosis,  improper  cardica  functioning  due  to 
disease,  abnormal  conditions  induced  by  pregnancy,  etc.,  may 
give  the  records  a  typical  appearance.  In  addition  to  depending 
upon  the  above  factors  the  appearance  of  the  record  may  vary 
with  the  mental  condition  of  the  subject,  which  in  turn  depends 
upon  underlying  conditions.  Persons  who  may  be  grouped 
physiologically  may  be  separated  by  their  emotional  reactions  to 
various  stimuli. 

7.  Interesting  records  have  been  obtained  with  drug  addicts. 
The  transition  from  the  very  sick  moaning,  miserable  individual 
to  the  very  cheerful  one  may  be  shown  graphically  by  comparing 
the  record  of  the  same  individual  before  and  after  an  injection 
of  the  drug. 

8.  The  cardio-pneumo-psychogram  is  in  the  form  of  a  per- 
^    manent  record  which  is  easily  preserved  and  could  form  the 

basis  for  court  use  after  thousands  of  standards  have  been  drawn 
up.  However,  to  qualify  as  experts  to  pass  upon  these  records 
with  scientific  accuracy  the  expert  should  be  a  person  with  a 
sound  psycho-pathological  knowledge  and  a  student  of  abnormal 


628     BBBKBLET  UB  DETECTOB  AND  OTHBB  DBOEPTION  TB8T8. 

behavior.    The  changes  which  could  be  pointed  out  to  the  jniy^ 
however,  are  so  striking  that  they  conld  be  easily  recognized* 

By  way  of  recapitulation  we  may  add  that  there  is  no  test 
in  its  present  state  which  is  suitable  for  the  positive  identifica- 
tion of  deception  and  suitable  for  court  procedure.  The  test 
which  the  writer  is  now  using  attempts  a  check  on  the  past 
metiiods  as  well  as  the  application  of  a  graphic  record  which 
depicts  the  emotional  wave.  The  importance  of  this  method  is 
that  the  wave  is  photographed  upon  a  record  which  is  permanent 
and  if  ever  the  results  are  positive  for  court  procedure  the  effects 
of  deception  can  be  studied  by  qualified  experts  in  the  court- 
room. However,  if  this  stage  is  ever  reached  it  will  be  only  by 
careful  standardization.  This  work  with  the  graphic  method  is 
suggestive  and  the  errors  to  be  contended  with  wiU  be  those  of 
interpretation.  This  can  only  be  improved,  if  ever,  by  much 
cooperation  and  experimental  work.  Then  we  will  be  able  to 
determine  how  far,  if  at  all,  a  deceptioii  test  can  be  relied  upon. 


THE  INTERESTS  OP  PSYCHIATEY  IN  CRIMINAL 

PROCEDURE. 

BY 

HERMAN  M.  ABLER, 

OF  ILLINOIB. 

Not  infrequently  the  complaisant  self-esteem  of  the  common- 
place citizen  receives  a  rude  shock  upon  discovering  that  one 
of  his  most  valued  formulae  for  making  this  a  comfortable  and 
secure  world  is  sadly  challenged  by  a  distressingly  faulty  per- 
formance. The  formula^  he  still  insists/ must  be  right:  the 
shortcoming  therefore  must  be  due  to  improper  applications. 
The  remedy  then  is  to  be  found  in  a  still  stricter  adherence  to 
the  formula.  Such  seems  to  be  the  case  with  the  workings  of 
criminal  justice.  Regarded  purely  from  the  point  of  view  of  the 
behaviorists  upon  the  basis  of  what  actually  occurs,  one  might  be 
justified  in  suspecting  that  perhaps  not  all  the  fault  lies  in  the 
execution  of  the  law,  but  on  the  contrary  that  some  of  it  may  be 
found  inherent  in  the  formulae  upon  which  the  system  of  crimi- 
nal laws  has  been  developed.  From  the  point  of  view  of  the 
present  discussion  two  main  theses  of  the  law  are  of  importance — 
First,  that  criminal  acts  are  measurable  on  the  basis  of  the  1 
damage  done.  Second,  that  the  damages  may  be  determined  and  / 
evaluated  by  the  partisan  struggle  between  prosecution  and  de- 1 
fense.  When  crime  then  is  found  to  persist  in  spite  of  all  these 
carefully  devised  laws  and  rules  of  procedure,  when  known 
criminals  escape  the  logical  and  legal  consequences  of  their  acts 
because  of  the  workings  of  the  very  laws  that  were  devised  to 
stop  them ;  and  when  this  has  gone  on  not  for  a  year  or  two,  but 
for  centuries,  is  it  not  proper  to  consider  the  possibility  that, 
not  the  execution  of  the  law  but  the  very  system  of  law  itself 
may  be  at  fault? 

All  law  concerns  itself  with  problems  of  human  behavior  but 
it  is  especially  in  the  criminal  law  that  the  human  or  personality 
factors  far  outweigh  those  of  a  more  materialistic  sort.    Here 

(«29) 


630     THB  INTERESTS  OF   PSYCHIATBY  IN   CRIMINAL  PROOEDUEE. 

the  ordinary  concepts  of  value  no  longer  yield  a  satisfactory 
interpretation  of  observed  conditions  and  above  all  here  the  se- 
quence of  cause  and  effect  is  so  complex  and  intricate  that  it 
eludes  analysis.  The  application  of  treatment  then  on  the  basis 
of  the  logic  of  the  law  is  foredoomed  to  failure  because  of  this 
very  simplicity  itself.  It  is  too  simple,  too  rigid  to  allow  for  the 
fine  distinctions  of  an  enormously  complex  organization. 

A  recognition  of  something  of  this  sort  is  probably  to  be  found 
in  the  increasing  interest  manifested  in  the  results  of  the  scien- 
tific study  of  human  behavior  and  in  the  application  of  some  of 
the  first  tentative  deductions  in  the  field  of  criminology. 

The  first  and  perhaps  one  of  the  most  important  distinctions 
between  the  legal  and  what  one  might  term  the  biological  point 
of  view  lies  in  the  different  explanations  of  the  causative  factors 
in  behavior.  The  law,  perhaps  on  the  basis  of  theological  teach- 
ing, stresses  the  responsibility  of  the  active  agent.  It  is  believed 
that  all  conscious  action  is  purposeful  in  the  sense  of  more  or  less 
deliberate  intention.  Whatever  one  does  as  a  "  thinking  or  ra- 
tional^' being  is  the  result  of  a  definite  logical  and  conscious 
process.  All  else  must  be  "  unreasoning '*  or  "  irresponsible  *' 
dealing  which  is  tolerated  only  when  it  can  be  shown  that  a  men- 
tal disorder  exists  which  prevents  the  individual  from  employing 
the  powers  of  ratiocination.  Every  sane  human  being  is  re- 
garded as  a  free  agent  unhampered  in  making  decisions  and 
being  aware  of  the  distinctions  between  right  and  wrong,  ac- 
countable to  the  community  when  he  consciously  and  intention- 
ally elects  to  do  wrong  rather  than  right.  It  is  clear  that  in  such 
circumstances  there  is  no  great  theoretical  difficulty  in  the  deter- 
mining of  damages.  Furthermore  the  obvious  remedy,  namely 
that  of  punishment,  would  seem  to  be  almost  a  specific  in  a 
given  case  and  a  deterrent  to  others.  In  a  world  in  which  all 
action  is  the  result  in  each  instance  of  a  separate  volitional  and 
rational  process,  it  should  be  easy  to  control  behavior  by  the 
simple  processes  of  moral  suasion.  Clearly  these  may  be  arranged 
to  increase  desire  in  one  or  another  safe  direction  and  to  repel 
from  other  and  dangerous  ones,  and  also  to  induce  sound  pro- 
068868  Of  ratiocination  which  will  make  it  impossible  for  any 
one  to  blunder  through  ignorance — such  in  brief  is  the  formula 
of  the  criminal  law. 


HERMAN   M.   ADLER.  631 

The  biologist  on  the  other  hand  from  the  very  outset  of  his 
obserrations  has  in  mind  certain  facts  which  make  it  possible 
to  conceive  of  human  behavior  without  making  the  individual 
unduly  dependent  upon  his  reasoning  power.  Judging  by  the 
behavior  not  only  of  man  but  other  forms  of  lif e,  it  would  seem 
that  the  concept  of  purpose^  and  therefore  of  responsibility^  was 
one  which^  if  it  is  to  be  used  at  all,  must  be  confined  to  a  very 
narrow  field  of  human  activity.  Most  behavior  which  is  well 
adapted  to  the  conditioning  circumstances  may  appear  purpose- 
ful and  good  but  in  reality  merely  is  fitting;  and  reversely  an 
ill  adapted  action  turns  out  not  to  be  evil  or  wicked  but  merely 
dangerous.  And  so  one  comes  to  the  conclusion  that  purpose  in 
the  narrow  sense  is  a  man-made  thing.  Evolution  existed  for  a 
very  long  time  and  progressed  through  nearly  the  entire  range 
of  its  development  upon  this  earth  before  the  mind  made  its 
appearance.  Most  behavior  then  had  gone  on  without  the  possi- 
bility of  the  application  of  the  test  of  responsibility,  but  rather 
in  response  to  that  complicated  set  of  interdependent  reactions 
between  the  individual  and  the  environment  which  are  a  direct 
result  of  growth  and  the  inherent  tendency  for  living  things  to 
attempt  to  survive.  What  is  true  of  evolution  in  general  is  true 
also  of  the  development  of  the  human  mind.  Intelligence,  that 
faculty  which  enables  man  to  solve  the  problems  of  new  situa- 
tions, is  the  latest  development  upon  this  earth.  It  is  not  evenly 
distributed  'among  men  but  like  bodily  stature,  it*  is  distributed 
according  to  the  laws  of  more  or  less.  Most  men  can  think  and 
deliberately  plan  to  a  greater  or  less  extent  but  actually  use  these 
abilities  only  occasionally  when  faced  by  a  novel  situation.  Once 
the  solution  has  been  foimd  others,  themselves  perhaps  not 
capable  of  making  the  discovery,  can  use  and  benefit  by  it  It 
appears,  therefore,  that  the  powers  of  ratiocination,  of  deliberate, 
purposeful  and  conscious  planning  are  only  rarely  used. 

Far  more  important  in  its  bearing  upon  the  behavior  or  actions 
of  daily  life  is  the  effect  of  the  emotions.  These  manifestations 
whose  roots  reach  deep  down  into  the  very  fundamentals  of  the 
organism,  based  upon  the  inherent  behavior  or  actions  or  in- 
stincts, supply  the  motive  force  for  most  of  the  actions  of  man. 
Whether  directed  and  controlled  by  the  conscious  intelligence  or 
not,  it  is  the  disturbed  emotional  equilibrium,  as  a  manifestation 


632     THE  INTERESTS  OF   PSYCHIATRY   IN   GBIKINAL  PEOOEDDRB. 

of  restlessness  which  leads  to  action ;  this  in  turn  continues  until 
the  equilibrium  is  once  more  established.  The  restlessness  is 
insistent  and  requires  relief.  And  it  is  in  the  attempts  at  such 
relief  that  most  of  the  behavior  difficulties  are  produced,  fre- 
quently by  a  complete  misapprehension  of  the  true  cause  of  the 
restlessness  and  therefore  of  tiie  proper  remedy.  It  is  important 
to  note  here  that  the  powers  of  ratiocination,  of  conscious 
choice,  are  primarily  responsible  for  the  resulting  behavior  dis- 
order. This  is  in  complete  opposition  to  the  theory  of  the  law. 
Why,  then  one  may  ask,  are  there  not  more  criminals?  The 
law  will  answer,  because  of  the  strict  surveillance  by  authority. 
The  psychiatrist  answers,  because  most  people  fortunately  are 
healthy  and  will  react  according  to  the  standard  behavior  of  the 
majority.  It  is  only  the  exception  who  deviates  seriously.  And 
this  deviation  must  be  considered  in  the  nature  of  something 
pathological,  not  necessarily  a  permanent  or  even  a  deep-seated 
affliction,  but  perhaps  merely  a  transitory  difficulty  such  as  hys- 
teria or  "  shell  shock,*'  or  even  merely  a  bad  habit  of  mind. 

Most  people  then  can  be  relied  upon  to  behave  according  to 
the  standards  of  their  own  group.  The  exception  need  not  be 
considered  necessarily  a  hopeless  case  but  merely  one  requiring 
suitable  treatment. 

This  clash  of  interest  between  the  law  and  medicine  is  not 
new.  The  last  generation  saw  a  similar  situation  in  regard  to 
the  insane.  Gur  generation  is  accustomed  to  consider  sanity 
as  a  problem  of  health  and  commitment  to  a  state  hospital  (not 
an  '^ Insane  Asylum'*)  is  still  a  legal  matter  though  all  else 
including  the  evidence  upon  which  commitment  is  made,  the 
treatment,  and  release  of  the  patient  from  the  institution  is 
largely  left  in  the  hands  of  physicians.  And  every  one  who  is 
ii^formed,  will  concede  that  the  present  generation  is  far  ahead 
of  its  predecessors  in  the  management  of  the  insane. 

Is  not  the  present  situation  in  regard  to  the  criminal  analo- 
gous? Would  not  the  best  interest  of  the  communiiy  be  better 
served  by  leaving  all  but  the  commitment  to  medical  rather  than 
to  legal  experts?  We  have  actually  done  this  very  thing  in  a 
branch  of  law  not  far  removed  from  the  criminal  court,  namely  in 
the  juvenile  courts.  Here  through  a  wise  application  of  chancery 
law  the  patisanship  of  the  ordinary  courts  is  practically  abol* 


HERMAN  Iff.  ADLSR.  633 

ished.  It  is  no  longer  a  question  of  accusation  and  of  excuse,  of 
prosecution  and  defense.  It  is  entirely  a  matter  of  ascertaining 
the  true  facts  with  the  object  of  securing  the  utmost  benefit  and 
safety  both  for  the  child  and  the  community.  The  delinquent 
child  is  not  punished  by  the  courts  in  retribution  or  as  an  ex- 
ample to  others,  he  is  dealt  with  on  the  basis  of  what  will  benefit 
him  and  the  rest  of  the  community.  There  is  no  plea  of  guilty 
or  not  guilty.  The  child  should  tell  the  facta  as  he  would  to 
the  family  physician  in  the  case  of  illness. 

There  is  one  obstacle,  and  only  on,e  apparently,  to  the  intro- 
duction of  the  chancery  law  into  criminal  procedure  and  that  is 
the  death  penalty.  With  the  exclusion  of  capital  cases,  however, 
no  valid  objection  remains.  The  fears  of  those  who  think  that 
treatment  by  physicians  instead  of  by  judge  and  jury  would  be 
too  lenient  may  be  reassured  by  the  information  that  in  those 
states  where  a  similar  method  is  in  vogue  in  connection  with 
paroling  prisoners  from  the  penitentiary,  the  average  length 
of  time  of  service  has  been  lengthened  from  two  to  five  years. 
In  the  case  of  the  criminal  insane  sent  to  St.  Elizabeth's  Hospi- 
tal at  Washington,  D.  C,  the  length  of  confinement  is  on  the 
average  five  years  longer  than  in  the  case  of  those  serving  sen- 
tences for  the  same  offenses  in  the  penitentiaries. 

Quite' in  contrast  to  the  prevailing  legal  method,  treatment 
based  upon  the  actual  needs  and  characteristics  of  a  criminal 
as  demonstrated  by  his  behavior  would  be  much  more  likely  to 
have  some  logical  relation  to  the  real  situation  rather  than 
merely  to  a  set  of  rules.  Under  such  a  system  it  would  be  possi- 
ble to  keep  legal  control  over  habitual  offender  and  to  give 
him  treatment,  instead  of  applying  punishment,  which  is  mostly 
the  deprival  of  liberty  for  a  given  length  of  time.  It  is  just  as 
sensible  to  sentence  a  typhoid  patient  or  an  insane  person  to  a 
certain  time  in  the  hospital  with  ^^good  time''  allowance  for 
obeying  the  hospital  rules  as  it  is  to  sentence  an  habitual  offender 
to  prison  a  definite  length  of  time. 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF  THE 

SECTION  OF  PUBLIC  UTILITY  LAW 

The  Fifth  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Section  was  held  in  Native 
Sons^  Building,  Santa  Clara  Hall,  beginning  Monday,  August  7, 
and  continued  Tuesday,  August  8,  1922. 

There  were  three  sessions  of  the  Section:  2  P.  M.  Monday, 
August  7,  and  10  A.  M.  and  8  P.  M.,  Tuesday,  August  8. 

Monday,  August  7,  2  P.  M. 

Address  of  Charles  E.  Brock,  of  Colorado,  Chairman. 

Then,  followed  the  report  of  Secretary. 

A  committee  on  nomination  was  appointed: 

Eobert  E.  L.  Saner,  of  Texas;  John  F.  MacLane,  of  Utah; 
and  William  L.  Eamson,  of  New  York. 

The  address,  Edwin  0.  Edgerton,  of  California,  on  "  Public 
Utility  Law,'*  was  scheduled  for  this  afternoon,  but  at  the  request 
of  eastern  members  who  had  not  arrived  was  continued  until 
tomorrow. 

Then  after  some  general  discussion,  adjourned. 

Tuesday,  August  8,  10  A.  M.  The  Section  reconvened.  Ad- 
dress, Nathaniel  T.  Guernsey,  of  New  York,  "Bate-Making 
Powers  under  Commission  Laws.*' 

{The  Address  follows  these  minutes/ page  637.) 

A  very  full  discussion  followed,  participated  in  by  many 
members. 

Reports  of  committee  on  nomination  presented  and  oflScers 
elected  as  follows: 

John  B.  Sanborn,  Wisconsin,  Chairman;  Chester  I.  Long, 
Kansas,  Vice-Chairman ;  Edward  A.  Armstrong,  New  Jersey, 
Secretary;  John  Randolph  Tucker,  Virginia,  Treasurer. 

Council :  Charles  R.  Brock,  Colorado ;  David  A.  Prank,  Texas ; 
Carl  D.  Jackson,  Wisconsin;  William  Chamberlain,  Iowa;  James 

(634) 


PBOCEEDIKGS   OP   SECTION   OF  PUBLIC   UTILrTY   LAW.      635 

H.  Harkless,  Misfiouri;  Oscar  C.  Hull,  Michigan;  William  B. 
Bosley,  California ;  and  George  B.  Young,  Vermont. 

Address  of  Edwin  0.  Edgerton,  of  California,  on  '*  Public 
UtiUiy  Law." 

{The  Address  follows  these  minutes,  page  652.) 

Considerable  discussion  followed;  and  on  motion  of  William 
L.  Bamson,  of  New  York,  the  Chair  was  directed  to  appoint  a 
committee  of  five  to  report  the  views  of  the  Section  on  the 
so-called  Bacharach  Bill  (H.  B.  10212),  and  similar  legislation, 
referred  to  by  Mr.  Edgerton. 

The  Chair  appointed  as  such  committee : 

William  L.  Bamson,  New  City,  Chairman;  W.  L.  Lemar, 
Washington,  D.  C;  E.  0.  Edgerton,  Ex-Chairman,  California 
Bailroad  Commission,  San  Francisco,  California ;  H.  B.  MacLane, 
Bell  Telephone  Company,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah ;  William  Cham- 
berlain, Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa;  Charles  B.  Brock,  Colorado,  ez- 
officio. 

Adjourned  until  evening. 

Tuesday,  August  8,  8  P.  M.   The  Section  reconvened. 

The  special  committee  appointed  this  morning  on  legislation 
presented  the  following  resolution,  which  was  unanimously 
adopted : 

Resolved,  That  the  Section  on  Public  Utility  Law  of  the  American 
Bar  Associatioii  hereby  expresses  the  emphatic  opposition  of  its  mem- 
bonship  to  the  Bacharach  Bill,  now  pending  in  Congress  (H.  R.  10212) 
and  to  any  similar  legislation  designed  to  limit  or  destroy,  as  to  any 
particular  class  of  litigants  or  rights,  the  present  equitable  powers  of 
the  federal  courts  to  enforce  the  guaranties  of  the  federal  Constitution 
for  the  protection  of  persons  and  property. 

Resolved  further,  Tnat  the  Section  askis  its  Chairman  in  his  report 
to  the  Association,  to  present,  at  least  in  outline,  the  considerations 
which  have  been  developed  in  the  discussions  before  the  Section,  as 
demonstrating  the  extreme  unwisdom  of  any  such  radical  curtailment 
of  the  federal  judicial  power; 

Resolved  further,  That  the  Chairman  of  this  Section  and  the  special 
committee  created  at  today's  session  are  authorized,  in  behalf  of  the 
Section,  to  take  such  further  steps  as  in  their  judgment  may  be  advisable, 
to  bring  about  an  endorsement  by  the  Association  of  the  action  of  its 
Committee  on  Jurisprudence  and  Law  Reform  in  actively  opposing  the 
Bacharach  Bill  at  the  present  session  of  the  Congress,  and  also  to  support 
before  the  Ai»ociation  any  suitable  resolutions  which  may  be  offered 
in  condemnation  of  that  or  similar  legislation. 

Considerable  favorable  discussion  of  this  followed  before  action 

was  taken  thereon. 


636       PKOOEEDINGS  OF  SECTION   OP  PUBLIC   UTILITY   LAW. 

J 

Address  of  Hugh  Gordon,  of  Oalifomia,  "Preservation  of 
Balance  between  Federal  and  State  Powers  of  Public  Utility 
Regulation/' 

{The  Address  follows  these  minutes,  page  661,) 

Paper  by  Franklin  T.  Griffith,  of  Oregon, ''  The  Bights  of  the 
Utility  in  Public  Regulation/' 

{The  Address  follows  these  minutes,  page  675,) 

A  very  general  discussion  then  ensued  on  these  addresses. 

The  question  was  quite  fully  discussed  and  generally  seemed 
to  be  thought  advisable  that  a  mid-winter  meeting  of  the  Section 
be  held.    The  matter  was  referred  to  the  council  for  action. 

After  further  discussion  of  the  papers  presented  and  other 
matters  concerning  utility  law,  the  Section  adjourned. 

B.  A.  Akmstrong,  Secretary. 


RATE-MAKING  POWEES  UNDEE  COMMISSION  LAWS. 

BY 

NATHANIEL  T.  GUERNSEY. 

or  NBW  TOBK. 

There  is  a  wide-spread  misconception  as  to  where  the  com- 
mission laws  of  the  varions  states  leave  the  power  to  make  the 
rates  to  be  charged  by  public  utilities.  This  misconception,  not 
only  in  the  minds  of  the  general  public  but  also  in  those  of  many 
of  the  oflScials  and  lawyers  having  to  do  with  these  matters,  is 
perhaps  most  frequently  voiced  in  the  statement  that  these  com- 
mission laws  have  taken  away  from  the  utilities  the  power  to 
make  rates  and  have  made  this  one  of  the  functions  of  the  com- 
missions. This  error  is  probably  attributable  more  to  the  failure 
of  the  members  of  the  Bar  to  carefully  analyze  and  interpret 
these  laws  than  to  any  other  single  cause. 

The  fact  is  that  there  is  nothing  to  justify  this  misconception. 
The  commission  laws  in  general  leave  in  the  utilities  substantially 
the  same  rate-making  powers  which  they  had  at  the  common  law, 
that  is,  they  leave  in  the  utilities  the  primary  power  to  make 
their  rates,  subject  to  the  rule  governing  them  at  common  law 
and  reenacted  in  these  statutes,  that  their  rates  shall  be  just  and 
reasonable  and  not  discriminatory.  Under  these  statutes,  au- 
thority on  the  part  of  commissions  over  specific  rates  is  limited ; 
it  does  not  arise  until  it  has  been  made  to  appear  that  the  utility 
in  its  rate  making  has  overstepped  the  just  and  reasonable  or 
indiscriminatory  rule  established  by  the  statute.  In  such  cases, 
but  only  in  such  cases,  the  commissions  are  vested  with  authority 
to  make  the  rates  which  will  put  the  utility  back  within  the  rule 
established  by  law. 

This  is  sound  and  reasonable  regulation,  to  which  there  can  be 
no  just  objection. 

The  question  which  has  been  suggested  is  purely  one  of  statu- 
tory construction.  Questions  of  policy  involving  inquiries  as  to 
what  the  rate-making  powers  of  the  commissions  or  of  the  utilities 
should  be  are  not  involved.  Concretely,  the  inquiry  is  solely: 
Where  do  these  laws  leave  these  powers  ?  It  must  be  determined 

(637) 


638         EATB-MAKING   POWiKS   UNDER  COMMISSION   LAWS. 

by  a  study  of  the  laws  themselves.  Neither  the  courts  nor  the 
commissions  can  enlarge  the  powers  of  the  latter  or  diminish  their 
duties.  The  commissions  are  the  creatures  of  the  statutes  of  the 
various  states.  Their  powers  and  their  duties  must  be  found 
in  these  statutes. 

A  rate  is  nothing  more  nor  less  than  a  charge  made  by  a  utility 
for  a  service  which  it  sells.  It  is  entirely  analogous  to  the  price 
which  a  merchant  or  a  manufacturer  places  upon  the  mer- 
chandise which  he  offers  to  the  public.  At  the  common  law, 
before  the  enactment  of  any  regulatory  statutes,  the  utility  had 
the  same  right  to  fix  the  price  of  what  it  offered  for  sale  as  an 
individual  had  to  fix  the  price  at  which  he  offered  his  commodi- 
ties, subject  only  to  the  rule  that  its  prices  or  rates  must  be  just 
and  reasonable  and  not  discriminatory.  Subject  to  these  rules 
the  discretion  of  the  utility  in  fixing  its  rates  or  prices  was 
complete. 

It  is  believed  that  the  following  analysis  will  be  accepted  as 
sound : 

1.  Prior  to  the  enactment  of  these  regulatory  statutes,  the 
rate-making  powers  of  the  utilities  were  plenary,  subject  to  the 
common  law  rule  that  they  be  just  and  reasonable  and  indi&- 
criminatory. 

2.  This  plenary  power  to  make  rates  has  continued  in  the 
utilities  unless  it  has  been  taken  away  or  restricted  by  statutory 
enactment.  The  rate-making  power  was  originally  in  the  utili- 
ties.   It  could  not  automatically  dissipate  itself. 

8.  Therefore,  the  solution  of  this  question  lies  in  an  examina- 
tion of  the  rate  provisions  of  these  statutes  in  order  to  determine 
to  what  extent,  either  directly  or  by  conferring  power  upon  the 
commissions,  they  have  limited  the  common  law  power  of  the 
utilities  to  make  rates. 

Such  an  examination  will  disclose  that  fundamentally,  with 
very  few  exceptions,  the  frame  work  of  these  statutes  is  the  same. 
They  leave  in  the  utilities  the  primary  power  of  rate  making. 
They  declare  as  the  rule  which  shall  govern  the  utilities  in  the 
exercise  of  this  power  the  common  law  rule  that  rates  must  be 
just  and  reasonable  and  indiscriminatory,  and  what  they  add  to 
the  common  law  is  the  remedy  provided  by  authorizing  the  com- 
mission where  they  find  that  this  rule  has  been  violated,  to 


KATHAKIBL  T.   QUBBN8ET.  639 

establish  just  and  reasonable  and  indiscruninatory  rates  which 
shall  bring  the  utility  back  within  the  rule/ 

Before  discussing  any  of  their  details  it  is  worth  while  to  hare 
a  broad  conception  of  the  scope  and  purpose  of  these  regulatory 
eooactmisnts.  Leaving  out  of  account  some  incidental  matters, 
their  purpose  is  not  to  create  new  rights  in  either  the  utility  or 
its  patrons^  but  rather  to  provide  adequate  machinery  for  the 
enforcement  of  the  old  rights  of  each  at  the  common  law.  The 
great  things  which  are  at  the  foundation  of  these  statute  are 
rates  and  service.  Substantially  all  of  their  profisions  relate 
directly  or  indirectly  to  one  or  the  other.  These  are  the  matters, 
and  the  only  matters  of  concern  to  the  public.  As  to  rates,  taking 
the  parties  where  they  were  at  the  common  law,  that  is,  recog- 
nizing the  obligation  of  the  utility  to  charge  just  and  reasonable 
rates  which  are  not  discriminatory,  and  the  right  of  its  patrons 
to  have  such  rates,  the  statutes  confirm  this  status  and  attempt  to 
provide  machinery  for  the  enforcement  of  the  rights  of  both 
parties.  As  to  service  also  they  take  the  common  law  obligation 
to  furnish  efficient  and  adequate  service  and  the  common  law 
right  to  such  service,  and  confirming  these  rights  and  obligations 
again  attempt  to  provide  machinery  for  their  enforcement. 

The  r^nedies  as  to  both  rates  and  service  at  the  common  law 
were  deemed  inadequate.  The  commission  laws  were  intended  to 
meet  this  inadequacy  by  providing  new  remedies.  They  were  not 
intended  to  take  away  old  fundamental  rights  or  to  create  new 
ones.  If  this  broad  conception  of  their  purposes  and  effect  is 
kept  in  mind,  it  will  substantially  aid  in  their  construction. 

Lack  of  time  entirely  precludes  attempting  to  demonstrate 
the  correctness  of  what  has  been  said  by  a  consideration  of  each 
of  the  laws  enacted  by  the  45  states  which  have  created  commis- 
sions. Fortunately,  in  their  fundamental  provisions  these  laws 
closely  resemble  each  other  so  that  one  may  be  taken  as  typical. 
For  this  purpose  the  Illinois  Commerce  Commission  Law  has 
been  selected  because  it  is  fairly  representative  of  these  laws 
genially,  and  because  its  recent  enactment  (191^1)  tends  to 
negative  the  suggestion  of  any  change  in  legislative  policy. 

*  There  art  some  minor  exceptions  to  the  general  statements  con- 
tained in  this  paper.  They  do  not  affect  the  general  discussion,  and 
are  ignored. 

21 


640         RATE-MAKING  FOWEBS  UKDSR  COMMISSION  LAWS. 

Its  establishment  of  the  rule  to  govern  the  utilities  (Section 
32)  is: 

All  rates  or  other  charges  made,  demanded  or  received  by  any  public 
utility,  or  by  any  two  or  more  public  utihties,  for  any  product  or 
commoditv  fumieuied  or  to  be  furnished  or  for  any  service  rendered  or 
to  be  rendered  shall  be  just  and  reasonable.  Every  unjust  or  unieason- 
able  charge  made,  demanded  or  received  for  such  product  or  com- 
modity or  service  is  hereby  prohibited  and  declared  unlawful. 

Another  section  inhibits  discrimination.  After  providing  in 
Sections  33,  34,  and  35  for  filing  rates  and  for  schedules  and  pro- 
hibiting the  undertaking  of  a  service  for  which  no  rate  has  been 
filed,  the  law  proceeds  in  Section  36  as  follows : 

Unless  the  Commission  otherwise  orders,  no  change  shall  he  made 
by  any  public  lUility  In  any  rate  or  other  charge  or  classification,  or  in 
any  rule,  regulation,  practice  or  contract  relating  to  or  affecting  any 
/ate  or  other  charge,  classification  or  service,  or  in  ai^  privilege  or 
facility,  except  after  thirtv  days'  notice  to  the  Commission  and  to  the 
public  as  herein  provided. 

Section  37  requires  the  utility  to  charge  only  the  rates  shown 
by  the  schedules  on  file  and  in  effect  at  the  time.  Becurring 
now  to  Section  32,  its  statement  that  all  rates  made  by  any  public 
utility  shall  be  just  and  reasonable,  and  its  inhibition  of  every 
unjust  and  unreasonable  charge  are  merely  declaratory  of  the 
common  law.  This  rule  which  prevailed  before  the  first  commis- 
sion law  was  enacted  has  been  reenacted  by  every  regulatory 
statute  which  has  touched  this  question.  Its  reenactment  has 
made  no  change  in  the  law. 

Note  the  use  of  the  words  "  made  .  .  .  .  6y  any  pvbUc  utility  " 
in  Section  32.  The  effect  of  this  section  is  not  to  take  away  the 
power  of  the  utility  to  make  rates;  on  the  contrary,  clearly 
recognizing  this  power,  what  it  does  is  to  lay  down  the  just  and 
reasonable  rule  to  govern  the  utility — to  regulate  the  utility — 
in  its  exercise  of  this  power.  Thus  far,  the  statute  leaves  the 
utility's  power  as  to  rate  making  imchanged. 

The  provisions  as  to  filing,  and  what  goes  with  it,  are  merely 
incidental  to  the  main  question  and  need  not  be  discussed  here. 
Their  object  is  to  provide  a  public  record  which  will  enable  the 
Commission  and  the  patrons  of  the  utility  to  know  just  what 
the  legal  rates  are,  and  to  prevent  discrimination. 

Passing  to  Section  36,  there  is  found  the  provision  for  chang- 
ing rates.  Fundamentally,  it  is  that  no  change  shall  be  made 
without  thirty  days'  notice  to  the  Commission  and  to  the  public. 


NATHANIEL  T.   QUBRNSEY.  fl4l 

given  as  provided  in  the  act.  Here  again  note  that  the  language 
is  that  '^  no  change  shall  be  made  by  (my  public  utility  "  except 
upon  this  notice.  It  is  the  utility,  not  the  Commission,  that  is 
to  change  the  rate. 

Aside  from  a  requirement  that  without  the  Commission's 
consent  the  ntility  shall  not  establish  rates  higher  than  those  in 
force  when  the  law  took  eifect,  these  portions  of  Sections  32  and 
86  are  all  that  there  is  in  this  statute  directly  relating  to  the 
rate-making  power  of  the  utility.  There  is  nothing  which  pur- 
ports to  take  this  power  away.  Instead  of  taking  it  away,  the 
theory  of  the  statute  is  to  recognize  it  and  to  regulate  its  exer- 
cise by  the  utility  through  the  establishment  of  this  just  and 
reasonable  and  indiscriminatory  rule,  and  the  provision  of  means 
for  its  enforcement.  Fundamentally,  the  statute  does  not  at- 
tempt to  change  the  rate-making  power  of  the  utility,  but  seeks 
only  to  regulate  its  exercise. 

With  this  primary  power  of  rate-making  left  undisturbed  in 
the  utHitieSy  what  power  over  rates  does  the  statute  confer  upon 
the  Commission?  Having  laid  the  general,  just  and  reasonable 
rule,  having  prescribed  compliance  with  it  by  the  utilities,  to 
make  the  rule  effective  and  so  render  the  statute  complete  it  was 
necessary  to  cover  the  situation  which  would  arise  in  cases  of  non- 
compliance, where  the  rate  made  by  the  utility  violated  this  rule. 
There  must  be  authority  to  investigate  the  rates  fixed  by  the 
utility  to  determine  whether  they  are  lawful;  if  they  are  found 
to  be  unlawful  there  must  be  power  to  substitute  lawful  rates. 
Turning  to  the  statute,  it  appears  that  this  is  in  fact  the  power 
which  is  conferred  upon  the  Commission.  Its  power  to  deter- 
mine specific  rates  only  arises  in  cases  where  the  rate  made  by 
the  utilily  is  in  violation  of  the  statute,  so  that  the  exercise  of 
ihe  regulatory  power  has  become  necessary  in  order  to  enforce  the 
public  right  to  a  just  and  reasonable  rate. 

This  suggests  the  reason  for  the  provision  for  a  notice  of  any 
changes  made  by  the  utility,  which  has  already  been  mentioned. 
It  is  to  aflford  the  Commission  and  the  public  an  opportunity  to 
determine  whether  the  rate  which  a  change  proposes  is  in  com- 
pliance with  the  rules  governing  the  utility  in  its  rate  making. 

The  statute  provides  (Section  36)  that  when  any  schedule  of 
rates  is  filed,  the  Commission  shall  have  authority,  either  upon 


642         EATB-MAKING  P0WEB8  UNDBE  OOHHISSION  LAWS. 

complaint  or  upon  its  own  initiative  upon  reasonable  notice^  to 
enter  upon  a  hearing  concerning  the  propriety  of  such  rate  or 
other  charge,  classification,  contract^  practice,  rule  or  regula- 
tion.  The  statute  proceeds : 

On  such  hearing  the  Commission  shall  establish  the  rates  or  other 
chsuves,  classifications,  contracts,  practices,  rules  or  regulations  proposed, 
in  whole  or  in  part,  or  others  in  lieu  thereof,  which  it  shall  find  to  be 
just  and  reasonable. 

Note  that  what  the  Commission  is  to  inquire  into  is  the  pro- 
priety of  the  rate  in  question.  In  the  use  of  the  word  "pro- 
priety *'  here,  the  statute  is  unusual.  Most  frequently  the  statu- 
tory provision  is  in  substance,  that  the  Commission  is  to  ascer- 
tain whether  the  rates  in  question  are  unjust  or  unreasonable  or 
discriminatory,  or  otherwise  unlawful.  This  difference,  however, 
is  one  of  form,  not  of  substance.  The^statutory  rule  is  the  test  of 
propriety.  Clearly,  the  Commission  may  not  find  impropriety 
in  a  rate  that  conforms  to  the  rule  established  by  the  legislature 
for  the  government  of  the  utility  in  its  rate  making;  that  is,  if 
a  rate  is  just  and  reasonable  and  indiscriminatory  the  Commis- 
sion may  not  find  impropriety  in  it.  To  do  this  would  be  for 
the  legislature  to  set  up  one  rule  and  for  the  Commission  to 
nullify  it  by  setting  up  another  and  different  rule.  The  last 
phrase  of  the  extract  made  from  the  statute  removes  any  doubt 
as  to  what  the  Commission's  function  is.  The  Commission  is 
to  make  this  inquiry  as  to  propriety  and  to  approve  the  proposed 
rates  if  they  are  lawful.  It  is  authorized  to  substitute  other 
rates  for  them  only  in  the  event  that  this  inquiry  shows  that  the 
proposed  rates  are  in  violation  of  the  regulation  established  by 
the  legislature. 

The  beginning  of  an  investigation  by  the  Commission  imder 
this  section  (36)  automatically  suspends  the  rate,  and  this  sus- 
pension may  be  extended  to  an  aggregate  period  of  one  hundred 
and  twenty  days  plus  six  months,  but  not  longer.  The  purpose 
of  this  suspension  provision  is,  of  course,  to  provide  an  oppor- 
tunity to  ascertain,  before  the  rates  go  into  effect,  whether  they 
comply  with  the  l^slative  rule. 

But  the  fact  that  provision  is  made  for  a  suspension  confirms 
the  construction  of  this  statute  as  leaving  the  primary  rate- 
making  power  in  the  utility.  If  the  rates  had  no  vitality  when 
made  and  filed  by  the  utility,  they  could  not  automatically  go 
into  effect  in  the  absence  of  a  suspension,  and  any  suspension  pro- 


NATHANIEL  T.   OUEBNSBlT.  6^3 

vision  would  be  wholly  unnecessary.  If  the  rates  were  without 
vitalify  of  their  own,  the  limitation  upon  the  power  of  the  Com- 
mission to  suspend  could  have  nothing  upon  which  to  operate. 
The  fact  that  when  the  rates  have  been  established  and  are  filed  by 
the  utility,  no  action  on  the  part  of  the  Commission  is  necessary 
in  order  to  make  them  operative,  but  on  the  contrary  affirmative 
action  by  the  Commission  resulting  in  a  suspension  is  required  to 
prevent  them  from  becoming  operative,  completely  negatives  any 
possible  contention  that  the  rates  are  not  in  fact  made  by  the 
utility.  The  statute  clearly  contemplates  that  the  utility  shall 
make  the  rates  in  the  first  instance,  and  that  the  rates  as  made  by 
it  shall  go  into  effect  if  they  are  not  unjust  or  unreasonable  or 
indiscriminatory  and  so  do  not  violate  the  statutory  rule. 

Section  41  of  the  statute  covers  the  situation  which  arises 
when  an  existing  schedule  of  rates  is  questioned  by  a  complaint 
or  by  a  hearing  initiated  by  the  Commission.  In  such  a  case 
if  the  Commission,  after  the  hearing,  finds  that  the  existing 
rates  are  unjust  and  unreasonable  or  in  any  wise  unlawful,  the 
Commission  is  authorized  to  determine  the  just  and  reasonablo 
rates  to  be  observed. 

This  Section  and  Section  36,  in  general,  determine  the  power 
of  the  Commission  over  rates.  It  is  a  limited  power  conditioned 
upon  the  finding  that  proposed  or  existing  rates  made  by  the 
utility  are  unlawful  because  in  violation  of  the  rules  prescribed 
by  the  statute.  Unless  this  illegality  exists,  the  power  of  the 
Commission  to  determine  specific  rates  does  not  arise.  When  it 
does  exist,  the  Commission  may  determine  the  rate  required  by 
the  statute  under  the  circumstances  in  question. 

Summarizing  this  statute  it  may  be  said : 

1.  That  the  primary  rate-making  power  is  left  in  the  .utilities. 
The  requirement,  common  to  most  of  the  statutes,  that  all  rates 
shall  be  just  and  reasonable  and  not  discriminatory  does  not 
take  away  from  the  utility  the  power  to  make  rates,  but  simply 
lays  down  a  rule  governing  the  exercise  of  this  power.  The 
rule  presupposes  the  existence  of  the  power. 

2.  In  general,  there  are  two  classes  of  cases,  and  only  two, 
in  which  the  Commission  may  determine  rates: 

(a)  Where  it  appears  after  a  hearing  that  a  rate  proposed  by 
the  utility  is  unjust  and  unreasonable  or  discriminatory  and  so 


644         BATI>-MAKING  POWKRS   UNDER  COMMISSION   LAWS. 

in  violation  of  the  rule  of  just  and  reasonable  and  indiscrimina- 
tory  rates  established  by  the  statute ;  and, 

(b)  Where  it  appears  after  a  hearing  upon  a  complaint  or 
upon  an  investigation  initiated  by  the  Commission  that  some 
existing  rate  is  unjust  and  unreasonable  or  discriminatory  and 
so  in  violation  of  this  statutory  rule. 

In  some  states  the  statutes  provide  that  changes  or  increases 
in  rates  made  by  the  utility  must  be  approved  by  the  Commission 
before  becoming  effective.  Here  it  is  believed  that  if  the  pro- 
posed rate  comes  within  the  statutory  rule  established  by  the 
legislature^  that  is,  if  it  is  just  and  reasonable  and  not  dis- 
crimine^tory,  then  it  is  the  duty  of  the  Commission  to  approve  it. 
The  purpose  of  such  provisions,  like  the  purpose  of  the  suspen- 
sion provisions,  is  to  provide  an  assurance  that  the  new  rate 
complies  with  the  law  before  it  becomes  effective.  In  such  cases 
the  Commission  may  not  arbitrarily  approve  or  disapprove.  If 
it  disapproves,  its  disapproval  must  be  founded  upon  a  finding 
that  the  proposed  rates  violate  the  legislative  enactment  and 
would  therefore  be  unlawful.  These  statutes  leave  in  the  utility 
the  rate-making  power  so  long  as  that  power  is  exercised  in  ac- 
cordance with  law.  They  vest  in  the  commissions  the  power  to 
determine  rates  only  to  the  extent  that  this  is  necessary  to  correct 
rates  made  by  the  utility  in  violation  of  law.  Reference  to  one 
or  two  authorities  may  be  permitted : 

In  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  t^5.  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Bailroad  Co.,  43  Fed.  37  (affirmed  145  U.  S.  263),  Judge  Jack- 
son subsequently  Mr.  Justice  Jackson,  says  at  pages  50  and  51 : 

....  Subject  to  the  two  leading  prohibitions  that  their  charges  shall 
not  be  unjust  and  unreasonable,  and  that  th^  shall  not  imjustly 
discriminate,  so  as  to  give  undue  preference  or  advantage,  or  subject 
to  undue  preference  or  disadvantage  persons  or  traffic  similarly  circum- 
stanced, the  act  to  regulate  commerce  leaves  common  carriers  as  they 
were  at  common  law,  free  to  make  special  contracts  looking  to  the 
increase  of  their  business,  to  classify  their  traffic,  to  adjust  and  appm*- 
tion  their  rates  so  as  to  meet  the  necessities  of  commerce,  and  generally 
to  manage  their  important  interests  upon  the  same  principles  which 
are  recognized  as  sound,  and  adopted  in  other  trades  and  pursuits 

This  language  has  been  quoted  with  approval  by  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States  in  several  cases. 

In  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  i;^.  Louisville  &  Nash- 
ville Railroad  Co.,  227  U.  S.  88,  the  court  says  at  page  92 : 

Under  the  statute  the  carrier  retains  the  primary  right  to  make  rates, 
but  if,  after  hearing,  they  are  shown  to  oe  unreasonable,  the  Com- 


NATHANIEL  T.   GUBRN8BY.  645 

mission  may  set  them  aside  and  require  the  substitution  of  just  for  unjust 
charges.  The  Commission's  right  to  act  depends  upon  the  existence 
of  tms  fact,  and  if  there  was  no  evidence  to  show  that  the  rat^s  were 

unreasonable,  there  was  no  jurisdiction  to  make  the  order A 

finding  without  evidence  is  beyond  the  power  of  the  Commission.  An 
order  oased  thereon  is  contrary  to  law,  and  must,  in  the  language  of 
the  statute,  be  set  aside  by  a  court  of  competent  jurisdiction. 

What  is  said  in  these  cases  as  to  the  Act  to  Hegulate  Commerce 

is  applicable  to  commission  laws  generally. 

The  Supreme  Court  of  'the  State  of  New  York  in  a  case  later 

affirmed  by  the  Court  of  Appeals  of  that  state  said :' 

Under  the  Interstate  Commerce  Act,  it  has  been  held  that  a  deter- 
mination by  the  Commission  that  the  rates  were  unjust  and  \mreason- 
able  is  a  statutory  condition  precedent  to  the  exercises  of  the  power 
to  fix  reasonable  rates  for  the  future  (A.,  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry.  Co.  V8.  U.  S. 
(Com.  C.)  203  Fed.  56),  and  we  think  a  similar  condition  precedent 
exists  under  the  New  York  Public  Service  Commission  Law. 

The  following  excerpt  is  made  from  the  opinion  of  the  New 

York  State  Court  of  Appeals  in  this  case : 

There  is  no  express  finding  that  the  new  rates  were  unreas6nable; 
there  is  a  long  discussion  of  the  benefits  which  the  Commission  thought 
would  result  to  the  respondent  from  adopting  the  policv  of  low  com- 
mutation rates.  In  this  course,  it  took  into  account  considerations  which 
were  really  not  before  it.  The  question  what  general  policy  should 
be  adopted  by  the  respondent  in  developing  suburban  trade  was  one 
to  be  decided  by.  it,  and  not  by  the  state.  The  methods  and  rates  which 
it  should  apply  to  the  development  of  any  policy  were  subjects  for 
regulation,  but  the  question  whether  the  welfare  of  the  road  would 
be  best  subserved  by  one  policy  or  another  was  a  subject  to  be  decided  by 
the  officers  and  stockholders  of  the  corporation.  It  seems  to  me  the 
Commission  was  more  or  less  influenced  by  this  consideration  which  was 
irrelevant. 

It  has  been  seen  that  the  commission  laws  do  not  in  terms  take 
from  the  utilities  the  primary  power  to  make  rates.  The  ques- 
tion remains,  to  what  extent  has  the  legislature  exercised  its  own 
legislative  power  to  make  rates  ?  Has  it  so  exercised  this  power 
as  to  impose  a  limitation  upon  the  powers  of  the  utilities  by 
indirection  ?  In  a  recent  case  *  the  Supreme  Court  of  Michigan 
has  answered  this  inquiry  in  language  applicable  to  utilities 
generally,  though  directly  referring  only  to  railroads.    It  said : 

The  legislature  has  not  fixed  the  freight  rates  to  be  charged  by  com- 
plainant beyond  this.  It  has  prohibited  and  made  unlawful  every  imjust 
and  unreasonable  chaige. 

•  People  ex  rel.  N.  Y.  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  R.  Co.  vs.  Public  Service  Com- 
mission, 145  N.  Y.  S.  513. 

'Detroit  and  Mackinac  R.  R.  Co.  V8,  Michigan  R.  R.  Commission, 
137  N.  W.  337. 


646         RATE-MAKING   POWERS   UNDER   COMMISSION   LAWS. 

Continuing,  it  defined  the  powers  of  the  Conunission,  saying: 

It  has  confided  to  the  Michigan  Raihx)ad  Commission  the  power, 
with  the  duty,  to  ascertain,  in  proper  cases,  whether  a  rate  is  reasonable 
and  just  or  unreasonable  and  unjust,  and  to  thereupon  make  an  order 
in  conformity  with  the  facts. 

These  statements  are  true  generally  as  to  these  commission  laws. 
The  legislatures  have  not  themselves  exercised  the  rate-making 
power.  They  have  left  the  rate-making  power  primarily  in  the 
utilities,  vesting  in  the  commissions  power  to  act  only  in  cases 
where  it  has  been  abused. 

Having  before  it  the  question  whether  the  Interstate  Commerce 
Act  authorized  the  Commission  to  make  rates,  and  commenting 
upon  what  Cohgress  might  have  done  to  solve  the  situation  pre- 
sented to  it  when  it  enacted  the  Interstate  Commerce  Act,  the 
United  States  Supreme  court*  says: 

There  were  three  obvious  and  dissimilar  courses  open  for  consideration. 
Congress  might  itself  prescribe  the  rates ;  or  it  might  leave  tnlh  the 
companies  the  right  to  fix  rates,  subject  to  regvlations  and  restrictione, 
as  well  as  to  that  rule  which  is  as  old  as  the  existence  of  common  carriers, 
to  wit,  that  rates  must  be  reasonable.  There  is  nothing  in  the  act  fixing 
rates. 

The  legislatures  of  the  various  states,  like  the  Congress, 
adopted  the  third  course. 

A  collateral  question  perhaps  should  have  very  brief  considera- 
tion :  Whether  the  rates  proposed  or  being  charged  are  reasonable, 
that  is,  whether  the  condition  precedent  to  the  Commission's 
jurisdiction  exists  is  a  judicial  question  and  its  determination 
is  a  judicial  act.    Quoting  again  from  the  Supreme  Court* : 

It  is  one  thing  to  inquire  whether  the  rates  which  have  been  charged 
and  collected  are  reasonable — that  is  a  Judicial  act;  but  an  entirely 
different  thing  to  prescribe  rates  which  shall  be  charged  in  the  future-^ 
that  is  a  legislative  act. 

This  determination  must  be  based  upon  a  hearing,  of  which 
the  utility  has  had  notice,  and  at  which  it  has  the  right  to  intro- 
duce evidence  and  cross-examine.  The  Commission  may  not 
act  arbitrarily,  nor  can  its  finding  be  sustained  upon  the  assump- 
tion that  it  is  supported  by  some  facts  other  than  those  disclosed 
at  the  hearing.  Whether  the  Commission  has  jurisdiction,  that 
is,  whether  the  evidence  establishes  the  fact  that  the  company^s 
action  as  to  rates  has  been  unlawful,  is  a  judicial  question  which 
may  be  reviewed  in  the  courts. 

*  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  vs.  Cincinnati,  New  Orleans  and 
Texas  Pacific  Ry.  Co.,  167  U.  S.  479,  499. 


NATHANIEL  T.   GTTEBNSEY.  647 

Since  the  jurisdiction  of  the  GonunisBion  depends  upon  a 
finding  that  the  utility  has  infringed  the  statutory  rule,  it  be- 
comes of  the  greatest  importance  to  clearly  apprehend  just  what 
just  and  reasonable  rates  are. 

Firsts  there  is  no  synonymity  between  unjust  and  unreasonable 
rates  and  confiscatory  rates.  The  more  or  less  wide-spread  opin- 
ion that  a  rate  which  returns  more  than  enough  to  escape  the 
charge  of  confiscation  is  extortionate  and  unreasonable  is  with- 
out any  support^  either  in  the  authorities  or  in  reason.  If  a  just 
and  reasonable  rate  meant  a  rate  that  would  barely  escape  the  • 
charge  of  confiscation^  it  would  mean  that  the  business  of  public 
utilises  must  be  done  at  a  loss,  and  would  negative  the  idea  of 
regulation.  It  would  mean  that  rates  could  not  lawfully  afford 
a  return  in  excess  of  the  mere  cost  of  doing  business,  this  cost 
including  the  cost  of  obtaining  the  necessary  capital. 

If  rates  never  could  lawfully  return  any  profit,  then  since  at 
some  times  there  must  be  losses,  the  ultimate  result  woiild  be  a 
loss  upon  the  business  as  a  whole.  This  conclusion  is  empha- 
sized by  the  fact  that  in  determining  whether  or  not  a  rate  is 
confiscatory,  every  presumption  is  in  favor  of  the  legality  of  the 
rate  and  every  fact  must  be  established  by  clear  and  satisfactory 
evidence.  This  would  make  the  rule  mean  that  no  rate  in  excess 
of  the  mere  cost  of  doing  the  business  (including  the^cost  of 
obtaining  the  necessary  capital),  resolving  all  doubts  against  the 
company,  could  be  lawful,  and  would  destroy  the  business. 

Such  a  conclusion  is  inconsistent  with  the  whole  idea  of  regu- 
lation and  with  the  framework  of  these  statutes.  The  statutes 
fix  a  rule  of  just  and  reasonable  rates,  leaving  the  utilities  to 
exercise  their  discretion,  so  long  as  they  keep  within  this  rule. 
Such  a  construction  of  the  words  "  just  and  reasonable  *'  as  has 
been  under  discussion  woxdd  fix  simply  a  line,  above  which  the 
rates  would  be  unlawful  because  excessive,  and  below  which  they 
would  be  unlawful  because  confiscatory,  and  would  leave  no 
room  whatever  for  the  exercise  of  any  discretion. 

Under  such  a  rule  it  may  well  be  doubted  whether  the  facts 
could  be  ascertained  with  sufficient  accuracy  to  make  it  possible 
to  fix  a  lawful  rate  for  any  specified  time,  but  if  this  were  possible, 
changing  conditions  would  make  a  rate,  lawful  today,  unlawful 


648         £ATE-MA£INO  F0WEB8  UNBEB  OOMMISSION  LAWS. 

tomorrow,  so  that  one  incident  to  such  lawful  rates  would  be  con- 
tinuous rate-making. 

The  very  tenn  ^^  regulation  ^^  negatives  such  a  contention. 
Eegulate  means  "to  govern  by,  or  subject  to  certain  rules  or 
restrictions.^'  As  applied  to  utilities,  it  means  the  establishment 
of  general  rules  which  are  to  govern  the  utilities  in  their  activi- 
ties. It  would  be  inaccurate  to  apply  it  to  a  law  which,  instead 
of  establishing  general  rules  to  which  the  utiUly  must  conform, 
fixed  a  line  with  which  it  required  the  rates  to  coincide  without 
any  deviation  whatever. 

It  may  safely  be  concluded  that  the- fact. that  a  rate  earns 
more  than  a  mere  fair  return  does  not  of  itself  warrant  th^con- 
clusion  that  it  is  excessive  or  unreasonable. 

What  then  do  the  words  "  just  and  reasonable ''  mean  as  used 
in  these  statutes?  They  had  an  established  meaning  prior  to 
the  enactment  of  these  statutes,  and  under  the  well  settled  rule 
of  statutory  construction,  must  be  taken  as  having  been  used  in 
that  sense  in  these  statutes.  The  words  "  just  '^  and  ''  reason- 
able'^  are  regarded  by  the  authorities  as  substantially  synony- 
mous. 

The  basis  of  all  business  is  that,  upon  the  average,  sound  trades 
are  beneficial  to  both  parties  to  them.  A  merchant  can  con- 
tinue his  business  because  his  goods  are  of  more  value  to  his 
patrons  than  the  money  which  they  pay  for  them,  and  because 
this  money  is  of  more  value  to  him  than  his  goods.  Where  the 
benefit  goes  only  to  one  party  to  the  transaction  the  business 
cannot  exist.  A  merchant  whose  customers  are  harmed  and  not 
benefited  when  they  trade  witli  him  will  soon  have  no  customers, 
and  on  the  other  hand,  a  merchant  who  himself  loses  every  time 
he  makes  a  sale  will  soon  be  compelled  to  go  out  of  business. 

Public  utilities  are  no  exception  to  this  rule.  Unless  the  ser- 
vice of  a  utility  is  worth  more  to  its  patrons  than  the  money 
which  they  pay  for  it,  the  service  cannot  be  sold.  The  patrons 
will  keep  their  money  and  forego  the  service.  Again,  unless  the 
money  received  for  the  service  is  worth  more  to  the  utility  than 
the  service,  that  is,  unless  it  exceeds  the  cost  of  giving  the  service, 
this  cost  including  the  cost  of  obtaining  capital,  the  business 
cannot  continue  because  under  such  conditions  there  would  cease 
to  be  utilities.    What  justifies  the  carrying  on  of  any  business 


NATHANIEL  T.  GUBRNSBY.  649 

and  insures  its  permanence  is  this  spread  between  the  cost  of  pro- 
ducing and  selling  what  is  sold  and  its  value  to  the  person  who 
buys  it. 

These  fundamental  considerations  determine  the  basis  for  the 
answer  to  the  question — What  is  a  just  and  reasonable  rate? 
It  is  a  rate  that  justly  and  reasonably,  that  is,  that  equitably, 
as  between  the  utility  and  its  patron,  divides  this  spread.  It  is 
a  rate  that  equitably  divides  this  profit  that  arises  out  of  the 
transaction  of  the  business,  giving  a  due  proportion  of  it  ito  the 
utility  and  to  the  subscriber.  If  an  attempt  were  made  to  give 
all  of  the  profit  to  the  patron,  this  would  remove  every  induce- 
ment to  the  utility  to  furnish  the  service  and  the  business  would 
not  continue.  On  the  other  hand,  if  all  of  the  profit  were  to  go 
to  the  utility,  there  would  be  no  inducement  to  the  subscriber 
to  take  the  service.  It  would  be  worth  nothing  to  him,  and  so 
again  the  business  would  be  discontinued.  As  was  said  by  Mr. 
Justice  Swayze:* 

On  the  one  hand,  a  just  and  reasonable  rate  can  never  exceed,  perhaps 
can  rarely  equal,  the  value  of  the  service  to  the  consumer.  On  the  other 
hand,  it  can  never  be  made  by  compulsion  of  public  authority  so  low 
as  to  amount  to  confiscation.  A  just  and  reasonable  rate  must  certainly 
fall  somewhere  between  these  two  extremes,  so  as  to  allow  both  sides 
to  profit  by  the  conduct  of  the  business,  and  the  improvements  of 
methods  and  increase  of  efficiency.  Justice  to  tJie  consumer,  ordinarily, 
would  require  a  rate  somewhat  less  than  the  full  value  of  the  service  to 
him;  and  justice  to  the  company  would,  ordinarily,  require  a  rate  above 
the  point  at  which  it  would  become  confiscatory.  To  induce  the  invest- 
ment and  continuance  of  capital  there  must  be  some  hope  of  gain  com- 
mensurate with  that  realizable  in  other  business;  the  mere  assurance 
that  the  investment  will  not  be  confiscated  would  not  suffice. 

The  question  is  not  what  the  aggregate  profits  of  the  utility 
may  be.  These  depend  very  largely  upon  the  volume  of  its  busi- 
ness. It  should  never  be  forgotten  that  what  commissions  are 
authorized  to  regulate  is  rates,  not  profits.  No  state  has  at- 
tempted to  authorize  its  commission  to  regulate  profits.  The 
question  always  is  whether  any  particular  charge  or  schedule  of 
charges  to  an  individual  or  a  conmiunity  dealing  with  the  utility 
are,  considering  the  services  rendered,  an  unreasonable  exaction. 
As  WBS  said  by  Mr.  Justice  Brewer  in  the  Cotting  case  :* 

PuFBuing  this  thought,  we  add,  that  the  state's  regulation  of  his 
chajges  is  not  to  be  measured  by  the  aggregate  of  his  profits,  determined 

•  PubKc  Service  Gas.  Co.  vs.  Board  of  Public  Utility  Commissioners. 
87  Atl.  651,  055. 

•  Cotting  w.  Kansas  City  Stock  Yards  Co.,  183  U.  S.  79. 


660         RATJB>-MAKINQ   POWERS   UNDER  COMMISSION   LAWS. 

by  the  volume  of  business,  but  by  the  question  whether  any  particular 
charge  to  an  individual  dealing  with  him  is,  considering  the  service 
rendered,  an  unreasonable  exaction.  In  other  words,  if  he  has  a  thousand 
transactions  a  day  and  his  charges  in  each  are  but  a  reasonable  com- 
pensation for  the  benefit  received  by  the  party  dealing  with  him,  such 
charges  do  not  become  unreasonable  because  by  reason  of  the  midtitude 
the  aggregate  of  his  profits  is  large.  The  question  is  not  how  much  he 
makes  out  of  his  volume  of  business,  but  whether  in  each  particular 
transaction  the  charge  is  an  unreasonable  exaction  for  the  services  ren- 
dered. He  has  a  right  to  do  business.  He  has  a  right  to  charge  for  each 
separate  service  that  which  is  reasonable  compensation  therefor,  and  the 
legislature  may  not  deny  him  such  reasonable  compensation,  and  may  not 
interfere  simply  because  out  of  the  multitude  of  his  transactions  the 
amount  of  his  profits  is  large.  Such  was  the  rule  of  the  common  law 
even  in  respect  to  those  engaged  in  a  quasi  public  service  independent 
of  legislative  action.  In  any  action  to  recover  for  an  excessive  charge, 
prior  to  all  legislative  action,  who  ever  knew  of  an  inquiiy  as  to  the 
amount  of  the  total  profits  of  the  party  making  the  charge?  Was  not 
the  inquiry  always  limited  to  the  particular  charge,  and  whether  that 
charge  was  an  unreasonable  exaction  for  the  services  rendered?" 

This  rule  is  amply  established  by  the  authorities  as  well  as  by 
economic  considerations.  While  the  rule  is  clear^  it  is  necessarily 
flexible.  It  is  impossible  to  deduce  a  mathematical  fonnula 
through  which  it  may  be  applied.  The  cost  of  rendering  the 
service  may  be  determined  with  reasonable  accuracy.  Its  value 
in  dollars  is  not  susceptible  of  the  same  measurement^  but  may  be 
ascertained  with  sufficient  accuracy.  There  is  no  hard  and  fast 
line  showing  just  where  the  rates  should  fall  to  equitably  divide 
the  spread  between  the  cost  of  the  service  and  its  value,  as 
between  the  utility  and  its  patron.  What  is  the  proper  line  is  not 
an  arithmetical  question.  It  is  an  economic  question.  Its  solu- 
tion demands  the  exercise  of  sound  trained  judgment.  The  ques- 
tion arises  as  to  each  specific  rate,  and  is  whether  that  rate  is 
equitable  as  between  the  utility  and  the  class  of  patrons  to  which 
it  applies.  Is  the  rate  fair  to  the  utility  ?  Is  it  fair  to  its  patrons  ? 
In  addition  to  the  governing  fundamental  factors  which  require 
that  the  rate  be  more  than  the  cost  and  less  than  the  yalue  of  the 
service,  there  are  frequently  many  other  considerations  which 
may  properly  be  taken  into  account. 

The  rule  of  just  and  reasonable  rates  is  as  essential  to  its 
patrons  as  it  is  to  the  utility.  The  value  of  every  pubUc  service 
so  tremendously  exceeds  what  its  patrons  pay  for  it  that  there  is 
no  case  where  they  can  afford  to  forego  good  service  in  order 
obtain  lower  rates.  The  value  of  service  is  only  completely 
demonstrated  wl^en  th^e  is  difficulty  iii  obti^iuing  it:  \jnd^r  such 


NATHANIBL  T.   GUBRN8ST.  651 

conditions  it  soon  develops  that  cost  is  not  the  material  factor. 
The  only  question  is  how  to  obtain  service. 

A  utility  that  is  not  prosperous  cannot  render  either  good 
service  or  cheap  service.  To  render  good  and  eflBcient  service, 
and  to  do  this  economically^  requires  an  adequate  amount  of 
money. 

To  take  away  from  the  utilities  the  power  to  make  rates  and  to 
attempt  to  secure  service  through  publicly  established  rates  in- 
tended to  afford  a  return  barely  equal  to  the  cost  of  doing  the 
business^  including  the  cost  of  obtaining  the  necessary  capital, 
would  result  in  a  tremendously  expensive  failure.  Aside  from 
the  considerations  that  have  already  been  suggested^  this  would 
be  to  put  the  business  upon  a  cost  plus  basis — a  basis  that  is  nerer 
adopted  in  ordinary  business  transactions  where  any  other  course 
is  available.  It  would  remove  all  incentives  to  economy,  good 
management  and  progress.  It  would  be  in  the  case  of  public 
utilities  what  it  has  always  been  in  every  other  class  of  business — 
extravagant  and  inefficient.  The  interests  of  the  utilities  and  of 
their  patrons  are  identical  in  this  matter.  .They  will  both  prosper 
most  under  what  the  common  law  called  just  and  reasonable 
rates,  that  is,  rates  that  afford  to  each  party  to  it  a  profit  from 
the  transaction. 


PUBLIC  UTILITY  LAW. 

BT 

EDWIN  O.  EDGERTON, 

OF    CAUFOBXU. 

• 

I  should  Uke  first  to  introduce  myself  by  telling  the  beliefs 
I  have,  which  I  have  accumulated  by  an  actual  experience  of  ten 
years  on  the  California  Commission,  and  some  recent  experience 
at  the  head  of  a  public  utility. 

In  the  first  place,  I  have  become  convinced  that  regulatory 
commissions  have  distinct  fimctions  that  are  not  to  be  interfered 
with  by  the  courts,  and  on  the  other  hand  the  courts  have  distinct 
functions  that  are  not  to  be  interfered  with  by  commissions. 
Also,  I  wish  to  state  this  fundamental  conclusion,  that  in  this 
extremely  important  matter,  perhaps  one  of  the  most  important 
governmental  functions  we  have,  no  change  whatever  should  be 
made  except  it  can  be  pointed  out  that  what  we  have  now  is  not 
tlie  best,  and  improvement  is  possible.  I  am  convinced  that  one 
of  tlie  most  successful  experiments  thai  is  being  made  in  govern- 
ment today  in  America  is  the  regulation  of  public  utilities. 

It  has  been  said  by  a  very  celebrated  Englishman  that  not- 
withstanding the  Constitution  of  this  country,  the  Declaration  of 
Independence,  and  the  working  out  of  our  governmental  institu- 
tions, far  and  away  the  most  important  contribution  to  govern- 
ment this  country  will  make  is  the  regulation  of  public  utilities, 
if  it  is  successful;  because  it  involves  the  obtaining  of  all  the 
benefits  of  monopolies  and  at  the  same  time  restraining  the  mo- 
nopolies so  they  will  not  burden  and  injure  the  public.  And  I 
say  that  in  a  Democracy  wbere  we  have  ample  opportunity  com- 
pletely to  control  everything  in  this  country,  the  public  of  Amer- 
ica have  shown  very  substantial  acquiescence  in  the  proposition 
that  these  great  public  utilities'  properties  shall  be  dealt  with 
fairly,  and  shall  not  be  subjected  to  the  whims  and  the  declara- 
tions of  the  demagogue ;  and  in  saying  that  I  realize  at  the  same 
time  that  some  things  have  been  done  in  this  country  in  the 

(662) 


BDWIK   0.   EDGERTON.  G53 

matter  of  regulation  that  are  not  good;  but  those  are  minor.    I 
do  say  there  is  a  tendeucj  toward  restriction,  which  is  dangerous. 

We  must  look  back  over  the  history  of  this  matter  of  regulation 
very  briefly,  to  get  a  conception  of  how  far  we  have  gone.  We 
did  have  regulation  in  the  b^inning,  and  that  was  by  City 
Councils  and  Boards  of  Supervisors,  in  annual  rate  fixing,  rate 
fixing  by  public  ofSdals  with  no  experience,  wholly  unequipped 
adequately  to  go  into  the  question  of  public  service,  only  devoting 
a  few  hours  each  year  to  it,  confronted  with  a  mass  of  data  which 
they  could  not  digest  or  understand,  and  then  have  the  duiy  put 
upon  them  of  fixing  rates  to  be  charged  by  the^e  public  utilities ; 
and  at  the  same  time  confronted  with  the  political  danger  that  if 
they  fixed  unpopidar  rates  their  careers  were  at  an  end.  That 
system  finally  completely  broke  down;  it  was  unsatisfactory  to 
everybody. 

Among  many  other  reasons  why  in  my  judgment  the  Public 
Utility  Acts  .as  we  have  them  today  were  drawn  as  they  were, 
was  that  very  situation  of  the  endless,  interminable  litigation 
in  courts,  whi^re  injunction  was  sought  against  the  city  officials 
fixing  rates,  and  two,  three  or  five  years  afterwards  there  might 
be  determination  by  the  court,  not  what  the  rates  should  be,  but 
merely  that  those  particular  rates  were  invalid.  So  that  in  draw- 
ing those  acts  it  was  the  intention  of  the  men  who  drew  tiiera, 
as  I  imderstand  it,  that  that  situation  should  not  be  possible  to 
exist  And  so  they  planned  it  that,  first,  a  body  should  be  set  up, 
to  work  continuously,  with  ample  opportunity  for  investigation, 
equipped  with  experts  of  its  own,  so  that  impartial  investigation 
could  be  had,  with  no  real  responsibility  for  management,  so 
that  they  would  at  all  times  be  impartial  in  testing  complaints 
against  acts  of  management,  and  with  a  very  wide  power  within 
certain  limits  in  finding  facts  and  coming  to  determinations 
which  should  be  final  and  go  into  effect  without  endless  litigation. 

And  so  we  find  these  acts  as  a  rule  making  these  commis- 
sioners^ findings  as  to  facts  final,  and  with  very  limited  oppor- 
tunity for  appeal.  Now  imagine  that  same  rule  applying  to  city 
councils.  No  serious-minded  man  would  suggest  such  i  thing. 
But  with  a  commission  constantiy  at  work  doing  nothing  else,  its 
sole  job  to  become  expert  in  the  matter  of  values  and  rates,  in 
my  judgment  it  is  perfectly  sound  and  safe  to  make  its  findings 


664  PUBLIC   UTILITY  LAW. 

final  as  to  the  facts.  In  my  judgment  the  Commission  is  better 
equipped  than  the  courts  to  come  to  proper  conclusions  as  to  the 
amount  of  property,  basis  of  value,  results  of  operation  and  pro- 
duction of  revenue;  always,  however,  within  the  constitutional 
limitations  that  confiscation  shall  not  occur.  Whether  confis- 
cation  does  result,  in  my  judgment  should  rest  with  the  court  to 
determine.  I  would  in  no  degree  whatever  enlarge  the  powers  of 
the  Commission  in  passing  upon  questions  of  law.  It  is  not  my 
conception  that  a  commission  should  be  a  court.  I  think  the 
Commission  should  be  free  to  proceed  informally,  free  from  the 
limitation  of  the  rules  of  evidence  in  the  presentation  of  cases. 
I  don't  believe,  however,  that  it  is  the  proper  function  of  the 
Commission  to  determine  whether  or  not  it  has  jurisdiction  in  a 
given  case.  I  think  the  final  decision  should  rest  with  the  coTirt. 
I  think  a  mixed  question  of  fact  and  law  as  to  whether  a  given 
activity  is  a  public  utility  should  be  finally  determined  by  the 
courts  and  not  by  the  Commission. 

Now  I  insist  that  in  the  drawing  of  this  Public  Utility  Act, 
in  limiting  the  appeal  to  the  state  courts,  there  was  always  in 
mind  this  idea  of  safeguard  to  those  who  had  invested  in  these 
utilities;  that  however  limited  the  appeal  might  be,  there  was 
always  the  opportunity  of  complete  de  novo  trial  and  review  in 
the  federal  court  on  federal  constitutional  questions;  and  I 
insist  that  that  is  important,  and  should  not  be  overlooked; 
and  I  want  to  say  right  here  that  that  opportunity  is  seldom 
availed  of.  It  cannot  be  said  throughout  this  whole  country 
that  the  federal  courts  have,  in  substantial  degree  ever  interfered 
with  or  delayed  or  injured  the  process  of  regulation.  I  think 
an  investigation  revealed  something  like  this :  Out  of  twenty-nine 
odd  thousand  commission  decisions  in  the  last  three  years, 
eighty-one  of  those  decisions  only  have  gone  into  the  federal 
court  for  new  trial  and  review.  And  it  may  be  said  in  California 
that  throughout  the  career  of  the  present  Commission,  beginning 
in  1912  when  our  Public  Utility  Act  went  into  effect,  not  one 
single  dase  involving  rates  has  been  tried  in  the  federal  courts. 
I  venture  to  say  there  have  been  not  six  appeals  to  the  federal 
courts,  and  in  every  single  one  of  those  appeals  either  the  courts 
sustained  demurrers,  or  held  that  resort  should  first  be  had  to 


SDWIN  0.  SDGSBXON.  665 

the  state  courts  and  that  remedy  exhausted  before  appeal  be 
made  to  the  federal  court. 

I  am  a  firm  believer  in  very  wide  powers  remaining  in  these 
commissions.  In  my  judgment  one  reason  for  the  success  of 
regulation — ^and  let  me  explain  the  reason  for  my  faith  in  the 
success  of  regulation — one  evidence  is  this :  That  during  the  war 
and  afterwards  the  public  utilities  went  through  a  tremendously 
severe  strain.  You  all  know  of  the  enormous  increase  in  the  cost 
of  operation  almost  over  night  Yiou  all  know  that  the  President 
of  the  United  States  was  much  concerned  that  the  utilities  be 
kept  functioning  during  the  war  as  an  essential  part  of  our  war 
effort,  so  much  so  that  he  addressed  a  public  request  to  the 
commissions  all  over  the  country  that  they  so  function  as  to  keep 
these  great  utility  services  operating  in  the  interests  of  the  people. 
And  you  all  know  that  as  a  fact  the  utilities  in  the  main  have 
come  through  that  period  under  regulation,  and  very  severe  regu- 
lation, with  a  remarkable  record  of  financial  success. 

I  think  it  would  be  safe  to  say  this :  That  of  all  the  business 
institutions  in  the  United  States  as  a  class  there  are  fewer  pro- 
portionate failures  in  the  utilities  caused  by  the  confusion  during 
the  war  and  afterwards  than  prevailed  in  any  other  class  of 
business,  unless  it  be  banks.  Investigations  have  shown  that 
there  were  practically  no  failures  during  that  period  due  to  those 
causes.  I  don't  include  those  that  were  very  much  over-capi- 
talized when  the  war  commenced.  And  the  remarkable  confidence 
of  investors  in  our  public  utility  securities  is  another  notable 
thing.  That  is  evidenced  by  the  comparatively  low  prices  at 
whidi  public  utility  companies  can  secure  money  now.  In  Cali- 
fornia hundreds  of  millions,  actually,  have  been  invested  in  these 
securities,  and  hundreds  of  millions  more  must  go  in. 

I  think  it  unwise  to  lay  down  certain  specific  rules  within 
which  a  commission  should  function  in  the  matter  of  fixing 
reasonable  rates.  I  look  upon  a  commission  as  a  body  function- 
ing  with  business  considerations  mainly  in  mind.  I  take  it  that 
one  of  the  jobs  of  a  commission  regulating  a  public  utility  is  to 
so  act  that  that  utility  will  be  financially  stronger  and  able  to 
do  the  job  which  it  must  do  unless  the  public  shall  suffer.  It  is 
impossible  to  freeze  into  a  statute,  for  instance,  a  determination 
that  a  given  rate  of  return  shall  be  given  a  utility.    Whenever 


656  PUBLIC   UTILITY  LAW. 

that  has  been  attempted  difficulties  have  occurred*  In  the  first 
place,  the  rate  of  return  must  fluctuate  or  vary  in  some  degree  in 
relation  to  the  cost  of  money  to  that  utility.  If  you  say  5  per 
cent  today,  and  the  cost  of  money  goes  up  six  months  from  now 
to  8  or  9  per  cent,  the  company  is  in  difficulty  >  and  then  the 
Commission  would  be  confronted  either  with  the  necessity  of 
changing  its  rate  basis  or  with  the  situation  that  the  company 
would  have  to  close  operations  and  the  public  suffer. 

I  think  the  better  way  is  the  way  that  w©  now  have  generally 
in  this  country^  and  certainly  in  California.  A  commission  with 
wide  discretion  to  so  fix  a  rate  of  return  as  to  enable  that  company 
to  obtain  money  readily  for  the  necessary  expenses  of  the  busi- 
ness; to  persuade  investors  that  once  they  put  their  money  into 
this  utility,  that  investment  will  be  safeguarded;  and  that,  as 
far  as  the  business  will  permit,  rates  will  be  so  fixed  as  to  pro- 
vide a  continual  return  to  those  investors. 

I  have  never  been  able  to  find,  in  all  of  the  discussion  that  has 
occurred  in  this  matter  of  fixing  rates  based  on  the  value  of 
service,  any  standard  you  could  get  hold  of.  We  have  been  able 
to  find  a  standard  based  on  profits.    It  is  concrete  and  definite. 

I  want  to  make  a  clear  distinction  here  between  rate  fixing 
and  condemnation.  Most  commissions  in  this  country  today  are 
using  investment  as  a  rate  base  against  which  the  rate  of  return 
is  determined.  But  the  courts  use  another  base,  and  in  my 
judgment  must  continue  to  use  that  other  base  under  the  Con- 
stitution. The  courts  as  a  rule  have  determined  that  the  true 
test  is  the  value  of  the  property  devoted  to  the  public  use ;  and 
of  coures  value  is  not  investment.  They  may  be  the  same  at  some 
given  moment,  but  not  necessarily.  Under  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  States  the  courts  must  continue  to  use  that  as  their 
main  standard,  because  the  Constitution  speaks  of  property,  and 
property  can  only  be  tested  by  value.  It  makes  no  difference  what- 
ever what  I  pay  for  my  house  and  lot,  if  you  seek  to  take  it  for 
public  purposes  you  have  got  to  pay  me  what  it  is  worth.  If  I 
paid  fifty  per  cent  of  its  market  value  you  have  no  right  to  think 
you  can  take  it  from  me  for  that  fifty  per  cent. 

There  are  many  sound  reasons  why:  Because  an  investor  in 
a  public  utility  property,  if  he  were  asked  "  Upon  which  basis 
do  you  prefer  to  invest,  that  we  take  your  dollar  and  provide 


BDWIN  0.   EDQBBTON.  657 

a  continuouB  return^  or  that  we  take  your  dollar  today  as  a  dollar^ 
but  if  the  market  price  changes  and  six  months  from  now  we  cut 
your  dollar  in  half/'  there  is  no  question  what  he  would  say.  As 
a  matter  of  fact  I  am  satisfied  that  in  this  country  today  the  vast 
amount  of  money  that  is  being  invested  in  utilities  is  with  the 
idea  in  mind  that  the  value  of  the  dollar  is  going  to  be  preserved. 

As  long  as  these  commissions  so  function  as  to  enable  the 
utilities  to  produce  a  return,  they  are  not  violating  the  law ;  and 
if  they  so  function,  using  business  judgment,  as  to  enable  that 
corporation  to  make  reasonable  rates  to  consumers,  they  are  put 
in  a  position  where  their  bonded  indebtedness  may  be  paid.  I  see 
no  necessity  in  building  up  a  large  surplus  in  a  public  utility 
company  as  long  as  the  condition  of  the  utility  is  such  as  to 
attract  investment. 

In  condemnation,  however,  another  situation  arises.  There  the 
property  owners  are  to  be  deprived  of  their  property  forever. 
Once  the  prop^rty  is  taken  over  it  has  gone  forever  from  the 
present  owners.  So  in  my  judgment  the  constitutional  test  of 
value  should  be  applied,  and  I  think  most  of  the  commissions  do 
it  in  the  condemnation  proceedings.  But  in  the  matter  of  rates 
it  seems  to  me  it  is  in  the  interest  of  the  public  and  the  utilities 
both  that  there  should  be  a  constant  business  judgment  exercised 
by  commissions. 

Then  there  is  the  tremendously  important  function  of  these 
commissions  in  authorizing  stock  and  bond  issues.  I  admit  there 
is  no  legal  liability  on  the  part  of  the  state  when  these  commis- 
sions authorize  a  stock  or  bond  issue ;  but  I  do  insist  that  having 
investigated  and  having  come  to  a  solemn  conclusion  that  the 
issuance  of  stocks  and  bonds  is  proper,  there  is  a  responsibility 
on  the  part  of  the  Commission  afterwards  to  so  act  in  fixing 
rates  that  those  properties  should  not  go  too  low.  In  my  judg- 
ment there  is  never  a  rate  case  coming  before  any  commission 
except  that  is  kept  in  view ;  and  if  that  is  to  be  considered,  we 
inevitably  get  to  the  question  of  profits. 

Assuming  that  a  company  is  fairly  soundly  capitalized,  then 
it  is  an  important  consideration  in  a  rate  proceeding  whether  or 
not  the  proposed  rates  will  produce  sufficient  revenue  profitably 
to  support  that  capitalization;  because  obviously  if  dividends 
must  be  passed,  if  there  is  not  sufficient  income  to  pay  bonds. 


658  P0BLIO   UTILITY   LAW. 

that  utility  company  is  going  to  break  down.  And  there  again  the 
Commission  has  responsibility^  because  one  of  its  futLctions  is  to 
see  to  it  that  the  service  is  continuous  and  is  being  rendered.  So 
the  Commission  must  give  very  important  consideration  to  the 
question  of  profits  with  all  these  factors  before  it. 

Having  advocated  that  commissions  be  free,  with  ample  power 
and  with  full  responsibility,  it  would  be  very  unwise  to  so  legislate 
'that  a  utility  would  itself  in  the  first  place  fix  rates,  and  the 
Commission  merely  review  those  rates.  I  believe  if  we  are  to  have 
successful  regulation  there  should  be  ample  power  given  to  the 
commissioner  to  make  rates,  and  then  he  should  be  held  respon- 
sible for  that  power. 

We  must  realize  that  our  utilities  have  grown  in  size  greatly, 
and  they  are  serving  widespread  communities  at  different  costs. 
We  all  know  that  it  is  an  utter  impossibility  to  so  fix  rates  as  to 
exactly  assess  them  against  each  class  of  service.  We  all  know 
that  regulators  have  to  face  the  problem  that  in  some  parts  of  the 
utilities*  territory  it  is  impossible  that  the  full  burden  of  cost  be 
carried  by  a  class  of  service  in  that  particular  place,  and  yet  for 
the  interest  of  the  people  in  that  place  it  is  wise  that  the  service 
be  maintained,  and  that  perhaps  more  than  the  exact  cost  be 
carried  by  consumers  in  another  district. 

I  say  the  question  of  how  the  burden  shall  be  spread,  the  ques- 
tion of  how  to  place  that  burden  upon  the  consumers,  the  very 
nice  adjustment  that  must  be  made  between  the  classes  of  con- 
sumers, must  all  be  taken  into  consideration.  I  say  that  the 
judgment  is  partly  a  matter  of  state  policy,  and  should  be  deter- 
mined by  the  regulating  body,  and  not  by  the  company  itself.  I 
donH  think  it  is  fair  to  place  the  responsibility  finally  upon  the 
company,  but  I  think  it  would  be  a  bad  thing  for  the  companies 
themselves  if  they  were  given  that  responsibility. 

I  would  like  to  urge  upon  you  this  consideration :  It  is  f  undar 
mentally  unwise  to  look  about  to  change  our  fundamental  govern- 
mental machinery  every  time  a  group,  no  matter  how  large,  of 
our  citizens  become  dissatisfied  with  the  decision  of  our  com- 
missions or  of  the  courts;  and  yet  there  is  a  very  noticeable 
tendency  in  that  direction. 

Take  this  Bacharach  bill.  I  don't  know  what  caused  the 
initiation  of  that  legislation.    Perhaps  the  inherent  weaknew  of 


KDWIN   0.   EDGKBTON.  669 

the  bill  itself  in  its  language  could  be  corrected^  bnt  I  am  opposed 
to  it  in  principle,  and  it  is  an  evidence  of  dangerous  tendencies 
that  shonld  be  checked.  It  is  there  proposed  to  restrict  the 
functions  of  the  federal  court.  As  I  read  that  bill  it  is  a  pro- 
posal to  inhibit  the  taking  of  jurisdiction  by  the  lower  federal 
court  in  a  case  where  injunction  is  sought  against  the  action  of 
a  state  board  or  commission;  and  I  assume  its  main  purpose 
is  to  prevent  a  complete  review  in  the  federal  court  of  the 
regulating  body's  decision.  I  say  that  is  an  effort  to  completely 
change  our  fundamental  scheme. 

Here  is  a  question  where  a  federal  question  is  iiwolved^ 
confiscation,  for  instance.  It  is  proposed  to  prevent  the  federal 
court  from  issuing  injunction  to  hold  the  situation  as  it  is  until 
proper  inquiry  can  be  made.  The  lawyers  of  this  country,  if  they 
believe  in  our  institutions,  should  unquestionably  resist  such  a 
proposal,  fundamentally.  If  our  machinery  is  not  functioning 
perfectly,  if  there  are  conditions  which  should  in  some  degree 
be  changed,  let  us  go  about  the  matter  intelligently ;  but  why  tear 
it  all  to  pieces  merely  to  correct  some  creaking  that  there  may  be 
in  our  machinery. 

If  it  is  true  that  objection  is  made  that  a  large  and  costly 
record  built  up  before  the  state  commission  was  unavailable  in 
the  federal  court,  why  not  make  that  record  available?  If  you 
say  that  record  was  built  up  without  regard  to  the  rules  of  evi- 
dence, and  therefore  should  not  properly  be  introduced  in  a  court, 
my  answer  is  this :  As  I  understand  it,  the  principal  reason  for 
the  rules  of  evidence  being  maintained  in  our  courts  is  that  it 
is  a  safeguard  thrown  around  our  jury  system ;  that  it  would  be 
highly  dangerous  to  permit  the  same  freedom  in  introduction  of 
evidence  before  a  jury  of  twelve  uninformed  men ;  that  the  jury- 
men are  not  able  to  discard  that  which  should  not  be  considered 
and  accept  that  which  is  proper  evidence.  But  if  this  same  matter 
were  to  come  before  a  judge  trained  in  the  matter  of  discerning 
those  things,  which  should  be  given  weight  and  discarding  those 
which  should  not,  no  harm  could  result.  So  I  say  it  is  a  matter 
of  importance  to  consider  whether  that  costly  record  should  not 
be  presented  to  the  federal  court  when  appeal  is  made,  and  not 
thrown  aside,  and  let  the  court  accept  that  evidence  which  is 
proper  and  give  i|;  Bi;ch  weight  as  should  be  given  to  it.    That  is 


660  PUBLIC  UTILITY  LAW. 

a  proposal  to  free  the  court  and  not  restrict  it;  that  is  giving  the 
court  machinery  greater  freedom;  whereas^  the  Bacharach  bill, 
and  all  such  proposals,  are  by  way  of  tying  the  hands  of  the 
courts. 

The  same  disposition  has  been  manifested  with  relation  to 
commission  decisions.  When  a  commission  finds  it  necessary 
to  increase  rates,  we  find  those  rates  do  not  meet  the  popular 
favor,  and  frequently  there  is  an  attempt  to  restrict  the  Com- 
mission and  tie  its  hands  so  that  it  won't  be  able  to  raise  the 
rates.    I  say  that  is  wholly  and  fundamentally  wrong. 

I  would  like  to  suggest  to  you  that  I  believe  the  lawyers  of 
this  coiintry  ought  definitely  to  stand  upon  principle,  if  they 
believe  that  our  fundamental  scheme  of  government  in  this  coun- 
try is  sound;  and  they  very  properly  should  insist  on  standing 
by  these  principles,  and  to  the  greatest  degree  possible  inform 
the  public  of  the  sound  reasons  why.  I  do  not  agree  with  the 
judge  who  spoke  yesterday  at  one  of  the  sessions  who  said  that  the 
judiciary  is  unpopular  and  in  bad  favor  with  the  public.  I  don't 
agree  with  some  lawyers  who  have  the  same  idea  about  the  Bar. 
My  idea  is  that  the  lawyers  are  the  experts  in  this  country  on 
questions  of  law,  and  the  public  is  entitled  to  know  their  best 
judgment  on  those  questions  just  as  with  engineering,  and  other 
expert  subjects.  I  say  if  the  lawyers  believe  that  this  country 
has  the  best  governmental  institutions  of  any  country  on  earth, 
as  they  should  believe,  they  should  stand  by  those  institutions, 
and  resist  all  attempts  to  emasculate  and  destroy  those  things 
which  we  have  found  successful. 


PBESERVATION  OF  BALANCE  BETWEEN  FEDERAL 
AND  STATE  POWERS  OF  PUBLIC  UTILITY 

REGULATION. 

BT 

HUGH  GORDON, 

OF   CAUFWNU. 

9 

If  anything  remained  after  the  enactment  of  the  Transporta- 
tion Act  of  1920  to  demonstrate  the  necessity  of  coordination 
between  federal  and  state  powers  of  regulation^  that  demon- 
stration was  supplied  by  the  decision  of  the  United  States 
Supreme  Court  in  the  Wisconsin  Eate  Case.  A  new  and  vital 
force  of  constructive  regulation  was  injected  into  the  Interstate 
Commerce  Act  by  the  1920  statute.  The  Supreme  Court  has 
poin^d  it  out  and  sustained  it.  The  rates  fixed  by  state  authority 
in  Wisconsin  were  superseded  by  those  prescribed  by  the  national 
regulatory  body.  On  the  other  hand,  it  must  be  recognized,  as 
the  court  did  recognize  in  the  Wisconsin  case,  that  the  states 
as  well  as  the  nation  are  to  continue  in  the  exercise  of  regulatory 
powers  over  public  utilities,  including  interstate  railroads.  Each 
has  its  sphere  of  useful  action.  Public  interest  demands,  not 
only  that  the  limits  of  these  respective  jurisdictions  be  defined 
to  avoid  clash,  but  that  the  two  regulatory  powers  be  coordinated 
for  the  more  efficient  procurement  of  good  service  from  public 
utilities.  There  is  no  high  road  to  the  solution  of  this  problem. 
It  is  interesting,  however,  and  may  somewhat  guide  our  future 
steps,  to  see  what  has  been  the  course  along  which  regulation, 
both  state  and  federal,  has  developed.  For  this  purpose,  the 
Public  Utilities  Act  of  California,  as  presenting  a  typical  case 
of  regulation,  may  be  compared  with  the  Interstate  Commerce 
Act. 

As  early  as  1879  provision  was  made  in  the  Constitution  of 
the  State  of  California  for  a  railroad  commission  intended  to 
curb  and  prevent  the  abuses  which  were  incident  to  railroad 
operations  throughout  the  country.  Discrimination  in  charges, 
combinations  between  rail  carriers  and  boat  lines,  and  the  shifting 

(661) 


662         BALANCE  BETWBBN   FEDEAAL  AND  STATE  POWERS. 

of  rates  to  throttle  competition,  were  prohibited.  The  Com- 
mission which  was  then  created  was  authorized  to  establish  rates, 
to  prescribe  a  uniform  system  of  accounts,  to  hear  and  determine 
complainls  against  transportation  companies,  examine  books 
and  records,  issue  subpoenas,  take  testimony  and  punish  for 
contempt,  all  of  which  powers  apparently  gave  real  control  over 
the  carriers  and  apparently  afforded  a  basis  for  the  protection 
of  the  public  interest  It  was,  however,  only  apparent.  The 
railroads  continued  to  be  dominant  factors  in  state  politics,  and 
this  political  control  extended  to  the  Commission  itself.  To 
quote  the  apt  language  of  a  former  member  of  the  present  Com- 
mission's staff: 

An  aroused  public  sentiment  had  established  this  railroad  commission 
of  1879  to  write  the  epitaph  of  railway  rule.  But  all  it  wrote  was  the 
feeble  record  of  its  own  subserviency. 

The  essential  reason,  however,  why  this  early  legislation  was 
ineffective  was  not  the  subserviency  of  the  men  entrusted  with 
its  enforcement  The  big  fault  was  in  the  measures,  not  in  the 
men.  The  outstanding  feature  of  all  the  early  laws  was 'that 
they  sought  to  prohibit,  to  restrict  and  to  punish.  Nothing  was 
done,  or  thought  necessary  to  be  done,  to  encourage  and  develop 
the  business  regulated.  The  constructive  quality  was  lacking. 
This  was  equally  characteristic  of  the  Interstate  Commerce 
Act  from  its  enactment  in  1887  until  its  amendment  years 
later,  and,  in  large  measure,  until  the  amendment  of  1920.  Both 
state  and  nation  began  regulation  upon  the  assumption  that  com- 
petition, limited  only  by  punitive  rules  to  prevent  unfair  fighting, 
was  the  proper  safeguard  of  the  public  interest  The  fallacy 
of  this  assumption  has  long  since  been  recognized,  and  it  has 
now  been  thoroughly  demonstrated,  not  only  that  regulation  pre- 
dicated solely  upon  prohibitory  and  punitive  laws  is  a  failure, 
but  that  regulation  which  combines  with  these  restrictive  pro- 
yisions  a  constructive  scheme  for  the  efficient  development  of 
public  utilities,  is  an  unqualified  success.  The  change  began 
with  the  states,  and  it  is  the  states,  and  not  the  national  govern- 
ment which  have  demonstrated  the  success  of  constructive  regu- 
lation. The  establishment  of  state  public  service  commissionis, 
railroad  commissions  and  kindred  bodies,  together  with  the 
enactment  and  enforcement  of  the  state  laws  under  which  these 


HUGH  GORDON.  663 

conunissions  function  as  regulatory  bodies^  has  created  effective 
gOTemmental  control  of  privately  owned  utilities.  The  laws 
under  which  regalation  has  become  an  accomplished  fact  are  in 
striking  contrast  with  the  wholly  inadequate  measures  which 
preceded  them.  California  offers  a  typical  example  of  the  change. 
In  this  state,  real  regalation  began  in  1912.  In  that  year  new 
legislation,  the  result  of  two  hard-fought  years  of  political  war 
against  railroad  control,  became  effective.  A  complete  and  work- 
able scheme  of  regulation  was  provided,  the  basic  part  of  which 
was  written  into  the  Constitution  of  the  State.  A  commission 
of  five  members,  appointed  by  the  Governor  for  terms  of  six 
years,  but  so  arraCnged  that  not  more  than  two  members  would  go 
out  of  office  in  any  one  year,  was  vested  with  plenary  powers 
to  supervise  and  regulate  all  public  utilities.  The  general  scope 
of  its  authority  was  defined  by  the  Constitution.  The  details 
for  the  exercise  of  power,  and  the  means  by  which  it  should  be 
applied  and  enforced  were  provided  by  a  subsequent  statute 
known  as  the  Public  Utilities  Act.  This  statute  was  the  result 
of  the  study  and  adaptation  of  the  desirable  features  of  all 
similar  laws  already  in  operation  elsewhere.  It  is  typical,  there- 
fore, of  thorough  going  state  legislation  on  this  subject.  Ten 
years  of  successful  operation  has  shown  that  it  accomplished  all 
that  was  intended  in  providing  a  complete  and  workable  plan 
of  regulation.  New  and  important  measures  were  provided  to 
protect  the  public  interest  in  privately  owned  and  operated 
utilities.  Not  only  were  the  abuses  which  had  formerly  existed 
effectively  prohibited,  but  the  conditions  which  gave  rise  to  the 
abuses  were  fairly  met  and  eliminated.  Therein  lies  the  con- 
structive quality  and  real  merit  of  all  regulation. 

By  far,  the  most  important  change  was  in  the  method  of  fixing 
rates.  IJiider  the  older  statutes  all  sorts  of  prohibitions  had 
existed  against  unjust,  discriminatory  and  preferential  rates. 
But  for  all  practical  purposes,  regulation  stopped  at  that  point. 
Even  the  power  nominally  vested  in  the  Commission  to  fix  the 
rates  was  useless  in  absence  of  provision  for  a  method  and  the 
means  to  apply  the  power.  Under  the  new  order  of  things,  the 
deficiencies  were  supplied.  Under  a  competent  organization  of 
accoimtants,  engineers  and  other  experts,  valuations  were  made 
and  operating  costs  checked  by  an  impartial  body  of  trained  men. 


664         BALANCE   BETWEEN   FEDERAL  AND  STATE  POWERS. 

The  determination  of  reasonable  rates  was  then  possible  and 
quickly  became  a  reality.  Rates  were  fixed  to  yield  a  fair  return 
upon  the  reasonable  value  of  all  property  used  in  public  service. 
This^  in  substance^  is  the  now  generally  recognized  sound  basis 
of  rate  regulation.  In  its  practical  application  many  desirable 
results  have  followed.  Not  only  have  reductions  been  made  in 
costs  to  the  consumer  but  it  has  at  once  eliminated  the  time- 
worn  complaint  against  unjust  charges  based  upon  watered  stock, 
over  capitalization,  recoupment  of  competition  losses,  or  common 
greed.  By  no  means  the  least  important  element  of  the  success 
of  this  plan  of  rate  making  is  to  be  found  in  the  fact  that  the 
utilities  themselves  have  recognized  in  it  something  more  than 
a  restrictive  check  on  their  operations.  It  not  only  prohibited 
excessive  charges,  but  gave  assurance  of  a  fair  return  based  upon 
reasonable  charges,  and  thus  laid  the  foundation  stone  for  co- 
operation between  the  public  and  the  utilities.  Public  service 
companies  then  became  public  servants  in  fact  as  well  as  in 
theory,  rather  than  public  enemies. 

The  rate  fixing  part  of  regulation  could  only  be  eflfectively  sus- 
tained by  the  use  of  another  vital  element  in  the  plan — the 
elimitiation  of  unnecessary  competition.  This  prolific  source  of 
economic  waste,  if  permitted,  would  render  it  impossible  to 
determine  what  rate  would  provide  a  reasonable  return  on  the 
property  invested.  The  old  doctrine  that  competition  is  the  life 
of  trade  has  no  application  to  regulated  public  business.  If  an 
established  public  utility  giving  adequate  service  at  reasonable 
rates  la  a  given  community  diould  suddenly  be  met  with  a 
vigorous  competitor,  seeking  to  snatch  away,  or  at  least  divide, 
the  available  revenues,  then  the  very  basis  for  determining  reason- 
able rates  would  be  destroyed.  On  the  other  hand,  an  established 
utility  which  failed  to  live  up  to  its  obligations  to  the  public  could 
be  most  effectively  chastened,  and,  if  need  be,  eliminated,  by  the 
presence  of  a  competitor.  It  was  highly  important,  therefore, 
that  the  same  regulatory  body  that  fixed  the  rates  should  deter- 
mine what  public  utility  should  perform  the  service.  This  was 
done  by  placing  within  the  power  of  the  railroad  commission  to 
grant  or  withhold  a  certificate  of  public  convenience  and  neces- 
sity, without  which  none  were  permitted  to  engage  in  a  public 
utility  enterprise  in  a  field  already  served. 


HTTGH  GORDON.    '  666 

The  third  feature  of  outstanding  importance  is  the  regulation 
of  the  issuance  by  public  utilities  of  stocks  and  bonds.  Here 
again,  there  is  a  direct  relationship  to  reasonable  rates.  The 
purpose  of  stock  and  bond  issues  is,  of  course,  to  acquire  capital 
and  property  with  which  to  operate,  and  upon  the  fair  value  of 
this  property  and  ita  usefulnesa  the  public  service  rates  are  deter- 
mined.  It  is  clear,  therefore,  that  the  proper  exercise  of  the 
power  to  control  stock  and  bond  issues  not  only  guarantees  the 
elimination  of  over-capitalization  and  its  resultant  evils,  but 
facilitates  the  work  of  establishing  rates  in  correct  relation  to 
the  basic  value  of  the  enterprise  to  the  public. 

Closely  connected  with  the  control  over  stock  and  bond  issues 
is  the  power  to  require  the  maintenance  of  a  proper  depreciation 
reserve  and  to  control  its  use.  By  this  means  the  utility,  and 
hence  the  public,  is  assured  of  means  to  keep  the  operative  prop- 
erty intact  for  the  uses  to  which  it  is  dedicated.  The  rates,  of 
course,  directly  reflect  the  allowance  of  depreciation  reserve. 

Proper  capitalization,  sound  financing  and  maintenance  of 
depreciation  reserve  are  nothing  more  than  the  dictates  of  good 
business  management  to  keep  an  enterprise  in  healthy  and  pros- 
perous condition.  The  financial  health  of  a  public  utility  is  as 
much  a  matter  of  public  concern  as  of  private  interest. 

What  has  been  said  deals  with  the  broad  features  of  construc- 
tive regulation.  They /nay  be  typified  as  those  affecting  the  gen- 
eral welfare  of  the  utility.  In  addition  to  these,  there  are  many 
powers  in  a  complete  scheme  of  regulation,  all  of  which  more 
directly  affect  the  character  of  service  rendered.  It  will  suffice 
to  briefly  mention  them.  They  include  the  power  to  require  new 
facilities  such  as  depots,  spur  tracks,  and  extension  of  lines;  to 
require  the  making  of  physical  connections  with  lines  of  other 
utilities,  and  the  installation  of  joint  rates;  the  power  to  pre- 
scribe health  and  safety  rules,  and  to  order  the  installation  of 
safety  devices.  Of  major  importance  is  the  power  to  order  the 
elimination  of  grade  crossings  and  to  apportion  the  cost  between 
the  utilities  and  the  political  subdivisions  affected.  There  are 
also  provisions  covering  such  subjects  as  discrimination;  long 
and  short  haul,  undue  preferences,  the  publication  of  rates  and 
tariffs  and  the  requirement  that  all  charges  be  in  accordance  with 
the  published  tariffs. 


\ 


666        BALAKOB  BBTWBSK  FEDHfiAL  AND  STATE  POWERS. 

The  detail  of  procedure  by  which  the  Oommiesion  hearings  are 
held^  decisions  and  orders  rendered  and  ultimately  enforced,  is 
typical  of  all  regulatory  statutes.  It  is  important  to  notice,  how- 
ever, that  a  special  procedure  is  provided  for  a  speedy  review 
by  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  state  of  any  Commission  decision, 
and  for  the  annulment  of  those  orders  which  are  violative  of  con- 
stitutional rights  or  are  made  in  excess  of  jurisdiction.  Such 
a  review,  however,  must  be  predicated  upon  an  application  to  the 
Conmiission  for  rehearing,  designed  to  afford  to  ihe  Commission 
itself  an  opportunity  to  correct  such  error  as  may  be  pointed  out 
in  its  decision. 

Two  important  amendments  have  been  made  in  the  law  of 
regulation  of  California.  The  first  deals  with  the  valuation  by 
the  Commission  of  public  utility  property  sought  to  be  condenmed 
by  a  city  or  other  political  subdivision.  This  amendment  has 
been  successfully  used  in  a  number  of  cases  where  cities  have 
acquired  the  distribution  systems  of  electric  and  water  utilities 
serving  the  municipalities.  The  second  amendment  is  of  a 
more  fundamental  character,  and  very  significant  of  the  present 
situation  in  the  regulation  of  interstate  railroad  rates.  Prior  to 
1914,  the  California  Commission  had  no  jurisdiction  to  fix  the 
rates  of  a  utility  for  service  rendered  within  the  limits  of  a  city. 
This  part  of  the  rate  fixing  power  was  vested  in  the  local  authori- 
ties. Endless  confusion  and  practical  obstruction  to  the  work 
of  the  Commission  in  its  broader  field  was  the  result.  By  con- 
stitutional amendment  therefore,  the  Commission  was  given  fhe 
exclusive  power  to  fix  all  rates.  It  was  thus  made  possible  to 
treat  large  utilites  as  a  unity.  Local  preferences  and  restric- 
tions, imposed  at  the  expense  of  other  parts  of  a  system,  were 
eliminated.  The  good  effect  of  this  amendment  and  the  sound 
reason  behind  it  are  clearly  apparent.  It  would  appear  that  the 
same  conditions,  with  a  similar  remedy,  applied  for  the  same 
sound  reason,  have  been  recognized  in  the  regulation  of  inter- 
state rates  or  railroads. 

At  the  present  time  regulation  under  the  Federal  Law  closely 
resembles  that  of  the  states.  Its  development  has  been  much 
slower.  The  Interstate  Commerce  Act,  at  the  time  of  its  enact- 
ment in  1887,  represented  the  same  driving  attempt  on  the  part 
of  the  National  Congress  as  that  seen  in  the  earlier  state  regula- 


HUGH  QOfiDON.  667 

tion  to  curb  and  destroy  the  abuses  of  railroad  operations.  It  was 
preceded  by,  and  its  terms  reflected  the  demonstration  of  popular 
feeling,  evidenced  by  the  granger  laws.  It  is  not  surprising, 
therefore,  that  we  find  the  provifiions  of  the  original  act  to  be  a 
little  more  than  a  lengthy  dedaration  of  prohibited  acts  and 
practices,  coupled  with  provisions  for  the  prosecution  and  pun- 
ishment of  offenders. 

A  brief  review  of  its  provisions  will  best  illustrate  its  char- 
acter. Section  1  declares  that  all  charges  for  transportation 
shall  be  just  and  reasonahle,  and  that  '^  every  unjust  and  unrea- 
sonable charge  for  such  service  is  prohibited  and  declared  to  be 
unlawful.^'  Section  2  defines  ''unjust  discrimination,'*  forbids 
it,  and  declares  it  to  be  unlawful.  By  Section  3,  undue  and 
unreasonable  preference  and  advantage  are  forbidden;  likewise, 
discrimination  between  connecting  lines;  then  follows  the  long 
and  short  haul  section,  forbidding  a  carrier  to  charge  a  greater 
sum  for  transportation  for  a  shorter  than  for  a  longer  dis- 
tance over  the  same  line  and  in  the  same  direction,  the  shorter 
being  included  within  the  longer  distance.  Section  5  declares 
unlawful  the  pooling  of  freight  and  the  division  of  earnings. 
There  is  a  section  requiring  the  printing  and  posting  of  tariffs, 
and  another  prohibiting  the  doing  of  any  act  (excepting  in  good 
faith)  to  prevent  the  continuous  passage  of  freight  to  the  point  of 
shipment  to  destination.  The  remainder  of  the  act  deals  with 
liabilities  and  penalties,  with  the  creation  of  the  Interstate  Com- 
merce Act  and  its  jurisdiction  to  hear  complaints  and  exercise 
inquisitorial  powers. 

This  Compendium  of  prohibitive  legislation  continued  in  oper- 
ation as  such  for  19  years.  Prior  to  1906  no  amendments  were 
made  which  suggested  any  change  in  the  general  defensive  char- 
acter of  the  act.  In  that  year,  however,  and  under  the  sweep  of 
progressive  legislation  of  President  Roosevelt's  administration,  an 
amendment  was  made  to  authorize  the  Commission  to  prescribe 
TnRTiTnnm  reasonable  rates  for  the  future.  This  marked  the  first 
step  toward  constructive  regulation.  In  the  same  year  both  ex- 
press companies  and  oil  pipe  lines  were  brought  under  regula- 
tion ;  and  in  1910  the  act  was  extended  to  include  telephone  and 
telegraph  companies.  In  both  1906  and  1910  important  changes 
were  made  to  strengthen  the  regulatory  powers  already  created. 


668         BALANCE  BETWEEN   FEDERAL  AND   STATE  POWERS. 

These  changes  are  best  described  by  a  common  expression.  They 
were  intended  "  to  put  teeth  in  the  act/^ 

Of  far  more  importance,  in  the  development  toward  con- 
structive regulation,  were  the  amendments  of  1913  and  1914. 
The  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  was  then  authorized  and 
directed  to  make  a  complete  valuation  of  all  railroads.  This 
unmistakably  marks  the  tendency  of  federal  regulation  toward 
the  adoption  and  use  the  same  methods  already  successfully  in 
operation  in  the  states. 

The  final  steps  to  this  end  are  found  in  the  amendments  of 
1920.  Federal  legislation  then  virtually  took  a  page  from  the 
Public  Utility  laws  of  the  states  and  applied  it  to  regulation 
of  Interstate  Commerce.  The  Interstate  Commerce  Act  for  the 
first  time  became  a  well-balanced  regulatory  statute.  Well  bal- 
anced because  it  acquired  provisions  of  a  constructive  quality 
in  addition  to  its  old  prohibitory  and  punitive  measures.  As  in 
the  development  of  state  regulation,  the  most  important  change 
was  in  the  method  of  fixing  rates.  As  said  by  the  Supreme  Court 
in  the  Wisconsin  rate  case ; 

The  new  measure  imposed  an  affirmative  duty  on  the  Interstate  Com- 
merce Commission  to  nx  rates  and  take  other  important  steps  to  main- 
tain an  adequate  railway  service  for  the  people  of  the  United  States. 

In  another  portioi^  of  the  same  opinion  it  is  stated : 

The  latter,  the  most  novel  and  most  important  feature  of  the  act, 
requires  the  commission  so  to  prescribe  rates  as  to  enable  the  carriers 
as  a  whole,  or  in  groups  selected  oy  the  Commission,  to  earn  an  aggregate 
annual  net  railway  operating  income  equal  to  a  fair  return  on  the  aggre- 
gate value  of  the  railway  property  used  in  transportation. 

As  the  court  indicates  the  novelty  of  this  plan  is  only  in  its 
application  to  the  exercise  of  federal  power  to  regulate  Interstate 
Commerce.  This  basis  for  fixing  rates  was  not  a  novel  thing  in 
state  regulation.  Its  importance  in  the  larger  field  is  none  the 
less  great.  The  valuation  of  the  interstate  railroad  began  in  1914 
is  nearing  completion.  Reasonable  rates  based  on  fair  return 
on  the  ff^alue  of  the  property  devoted  to  public  use  proved  a  sound 
and  constructive  measure  in  state  regulation.  The  interest  of 
both  the  public  and  the  utility  were  thereby  protected  and  fos- 
tered. It  is  reasonable  to  conclude,  therefore,  that  proportion- 
ately larger  benefits  to  both  the  public  and  the  railroad  utilities 
will  result  from  its  use  in  federal  regulation. 


HUQH  GOBDON.  669 

Other  features  of  constructive  regulation  give  assurance  that 
federal  legislation  in  1920  'attained  a  degree  of  completeness, 
comparable  with  that  of  the  states.  The  provision  for  control 
by  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  of  issuance  of  stocks 
and  bonds  is  the  coimter  part  of  similar  beneficial  provisions  in 
state  regulation.  The  same  is  true  as  to  the  regulation  and 
control,  in  accordance  with  public  convenience  and  necessity, 
of  the  construction  of  new  lines  and  the  abandonment  of  old  ones. 
The  regulation  of  car  supply  and  the  power  to  require  joint  use 
of  terminals  is  like  the  State  Bailroad  Commission's  power  to 
require  adequate  facilities  with  which  to  render  the  public  service 
undertaken. 

An  important  and  most  significant  feature  is  that  which 
authorizes  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  to  deal  with 
the  carriers  in  large  units  or  in  groups.  This  is  seen  both  in  the 
provision  relating  to  rates  and  in  the  power  conferred  upon  the 
Commission  to  authorize  combinations  of  the  railroads  into  a 
limited  number  of  systems  in  accordance  with  plans  approved 
to  be  by  the  Commission.  Nothing  so  clearly  as  this,  contradicts 
the  old  idea  of  restrictive  regulation.  The  fallacy  that  competi- 
tion, per  se,  promotes  the  public  interest  is  therein  practically 
admitted.  The  act,  in  terms,  provides  for  the  preservation  of 
competition  as  fully  as  possible  under  the  consolidation  plan,  but 
this  competition  is  distinctly  diflferent  from  that  formerly  en-, 
couraged.  In  service  alone  can  there  be  real  competition  under 
an  eflEective  plan  of  regulation. 

The  successful  competitor  will  be  the  carrier  or  the  system 
which  best  meets  the  needs  of  the  shipping  and  traveling  public. 
Competition  of  this  character  is  consistent  with  economic  pro- 
gress. It  is  entirely  inconsistent  with  legislation  of  an  exclusively 
restrictive  and  punitive  character.  Nothing  is  more  definitely 
established  at  the  present  time  than  that  good  service  results 
from,  and  public  interest  requires,  a  prosperous,  well  managed 
and  soundly  financed  utility.  (*'No  starved  horse  will  pull 
a  heavy  load.'')  Federal  regulation  of  interstate  carriers  has, 
by  the  changes  of  1920,  assumed  a  constructive  quality  consistent 
with  this  principle. 

The  course  of  development  in  regulation  has  been  traced. 
Both  the  states  and  the  federal  government,  beginning  with 


670         BALAXCE  BETWEEN    FEDERAL   AND  STATE  POWERS. 

laws  framed  **  to  prohibit  '^  and ''  to  punish  ^'  have  within  a  period 
,  of  40  years,  by  progressive  amendments,  achieved  effective  regu- 
lation under  a  system  of  laws  which  primarily  tend  to  encourage 
and  develop  the  enterprise  and  only  incidentally  to  restrict  its 
operations  or  to  prohibit  unjust  injury  of  others.  The  idea  of 
hostility  between  the  utilities  and  the  public  has  been  abandoned 
and  in  its  place  has  come  the  realization  that  the  two  interests 
in  a  measure  are  identical.  By  the  sound  economic  development 
of  one,  the  other  is  necessarily  benefited. 

Broadly  speaking,  state  and  federal  statutes  for  regulation  have 
reached  the  same  end.  Both  present  a  substantially  complete 
scheme  of  legislation  with  points  of  distinct  similarity  in  their 
constructive  features.  There  is  necessarily  a  point  of  contact 
between  them.  It  is  found  in  the  fact  that  both  deal  with  rail- 
roads, telegraph  lines  and  other  properties,  the  use  of  which  is 
inextricably  mingled  with  state  and  interstate  commerce.  How 
can  the  two  jurisdictions  be  co-ordinated? 

This  is,  in  reality,  an  old  question  in  new  form.  Nationalism, 
states  rights,  and  the  relationship  between  state  and  federal 
powers  have  engaged  the  thoughtful  attention  of  jurists  and 
statesmen  from  the  very  beginning  of  our  government.  It  is 
equally  so  today.  There  is  no  finality  in  the  determination  of 
such  issues,  where  living  principles  of  law  are  involved,  economic 
development  will  produce  new  conditions  to  confront  us  with 
the  perennial  problem  of  applying  the  law  to  the  facts. 

This  is  a  lawyer^s  problem.  As  a  lawyer,  therefore,  seeking  to 
define  the  scope  of  a  provision  of  the  Constitution,  refer  to  the 
earliest  case  cited  in  "  Shephard.^'  It  is  one  of  John  MarshalFs 
decisions.  The  last  paragraph  of  the  opinion  condenses  into  a 
few  terse  phrases  the  basic  principle  for  coordinated  state  and 
federal  jurisdiction.    The  court  says : 

We  do  not  think  that  the  act  empowering  the  Black  Bird  Creek 
Marsh  Company  to  place  a  dam  across  the  creek,  can,  under  all  the 
circumstances  of  the  case,  be  considered  as  repugnant  to  the  power 
to  regulate  commerce  in  its  dormant  state,  or  as  being  in  cooiflict  with 
any  law  passed  on  the  subject. 

In  the  earlier  case  of  Gibbons  et  al  vs.  Ogden  the  great  Chief 
Justice  rendered  the  opinion  which  so  thoroughly  defined  the 
supremacy  of  the  national  government  in  the  regulation  of  inter- 


HUGH  OOBDON.  671 

state  commerce.    Bnt  in  that  decision  the  continuing  state  power 

ifi  recognized : 

The  genius  and  character  of  the  whole  government  seem  to  be,  that 
its  action  is  to  be  appUed  to  all  the  external  concerns  of -the  nation, 
and  to  those  internal  concerns  which  affect  the  states  generally:  but  not 
to  those  which  are  completely  within  a  particular  state,  which  do  not 
affect  other  states,  and  with  which  it  is  not  necessary  to  int^ere,  for 
the  piupose  of  executing  some  of  the  general  powers  of  the  government. 

Judicial  interpretation  of  regulatory  power  as  thus  expressed 
in  1824  is  reflected  in  the  decisions  of  1922.  Three  recent  cases 
present  interesting  conditions  under  which  both  the  state  and  the 
federal  power  of  regulation  is  upheld.  In  a  concluding  para- 
graph of  the  Wisconsin  rate  case^  Chief  Justice  Taft  has  said : 

It  is  said  that  our  conclusion  gives  the  Commission  unified  control 
of  interstate  and  intrastate  commerce.  It  is  only  imified  to  the  extent 
of  maintaining  efficient  regulation  of  interstate  commerce  under  the 
paramount  power  of  Congress.  It  does  not  involve  general  regulation 
of  intrastate  commerce.  Action  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Com- 
mission in  this  regard  should  be  directed  to  substantial  disparity 
which  operates  as  a  real  discrimination  against,  and  obstruction  to, 
interstate  commerce,  and  must  leave  appropriate  discretion  to  the  state 
authorities  to  deal  with  intrastate  rates  as  between  themselves  on  the 
general  level  which  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  has  found 
to  be  fair  to  interstate  conmierce. 

The  Supreme  Court  in  a  decision  rendered  January  3,  1921, 
upheld  the  validity  of  an  order  of  the  Board  of  Public  Utility 
Commissioners  of  the  State  of  New  Jersey  for  the  elimination 
by  an  interstate  railroad  of  certain  highway  grade  crossings. 

Mr.  Justice  Holmes,  in  stating  the  opinion  of  the  court  in  that 

case  said : 

To  engage  in  interstate  commerce  the  railroad  must  get  on  to  the 
land;  and,  to  get  on  to  it,  must  comply  with  the  conditions  imposed 
by  the  state  for  the  safety  of  its  citizens.  Contracts  made  by  the  road 
are  made  subject  to  the  possible  exercise  of  the  sovereign  right. 

The  third  of  the  recent  cases  referred  to  was  decided  March 
13,  1922.  It  determined  that  the  power  conferred  upon  the 
Interstate  Commerce  Commission  by  the  Transportation  Act  of 
1920  to  grant  a  certificate  of  public  convenience  and  necessity 
authorizing  the  construction  of  new  lines  and  the  abandomnent 
of  old  ones,  did  not  empower  the  Commission  to  authorize  the 
total  abandonment  of  a  certain  line  of  railroad  in  Texas,  and  thus 
end  intrastate  operations.  Mr.  Justice  Van  Devanter  in  render- 
ing the  opinion  makes  these  observations : 

Up  to  the  time  the  Commission  made  the  order  granting  the  certifi- 
cate, a  part  of  the  commerce  passing  over  the  road  was  interstate  and 

22 


672         BALANCE  BETWEEN  FEDERAL  AND  STATE  POWERS. 

foreign;  that  is,  was  bound  to  or  from  other  states  and  foreigpi  coun- 
tries. It  is  not  questioned  that  Congress  could,  nor  that  it  did,  authorize 
the  Commission  to  sanction  a  discontinuance  of  this  interstate  and 
foreign  business.  Neither  is  it  questioned  that  the  Commission's 
certificate  was  adequate  for  that  purpose. 

The  road  lies  entirely  within  a  single  state,  is  owned  and  operated 
by  a  corporation  of  that  state,  and  is  not  a  part  of  another  line.  Its 
continued  operation  solely  in  intrastate  commerce  cannot  be  of  more 
than  local  concern.  Interstate  and  foreign  commerce  will  not  be  bur- 
dened or  affected  by  any  shortage  in  the  earnings,  nor  will  any  carrier 
in  such  commerce  have  to  bear  or  make  good  the  shortage,  it  is  not 
as  if  the  road  were  a  branch  or  extension  whose  unremunerative  opera- 
tion would  or  might  burden  or  cripple  the  main  line,  and  thereby  affect 
its  utility  or  service  as  an  artery  of  interstate  and  foreign  commerce. 

After  a  brief  review  of  the  provisions  of  the  Act,  the  opinion 
proceeds : 

These  considerations  persuade  us  that  the  paragraphs  in  question 
should  be  interpreted  and  read  as  not  clothing  the  Commission  with 
any  authority  over  the  discontinuance  of  the  purely  intrastate  business 
of  a  road  whose  situation  and  ownership,  as  here,  are  such  that  inter- 
state and  foreign  commerce  will  not  be  burdened  or  affected  by  a 
continuance  of  that  business. 

Whether,  apart  from  the  Commission's  certificate,  the  raifaroad  com- 
pany is  entitled  to  abandon  its  intrastate  business,  is  not  before  us,  so 
we  have  no  occasion  for  considering  to  what  extent  the  decisions  in 
Brooks-Scanlon  Co.  vs.  Railroad  Commission,  251  U.  S.  396,  64  L.  ed. 
323,  P.  U.  R.  1920C  579,  40  Sup.  Ct.  Rep.  183,  and  Bullock  vs.  Railroad 
Commission,  264  U.  8.  613,  65  L.  ed.  380,  P.  U.  R.  1921B,  507.  41  Sup. 
Ct.  Rep.  193,  may  be  applicable  to  this  road. 

It  is  to  be  noted  that  these  cases  discuss  three  distinct  features 
of  regulation,  rate  fixing,  safety  of  grade  crussings,  and  the 
abandonment  of  lines  in  accordance  with  public  convenience  and 
necessity.  The  first  deals  with  conditions  under  which  the  exer- 
cise of  federal  power  was  necessarily  exclusive.  The  second  is 
an  instance  wherein  the  railroad,  notwithstanding  its  interstate 
character  was  clearly  subject  to  the  exclusive  regulatory  power 
exercised  by  the  state.  In  the  third  case  there  is  apparently 
shown  a  situation  where  both  state  and  federal  regulation  may 
be  applied. 

No  decision  has  been  noticed  dealing  with  that  important 
feature  of  regulation  upon  which  both  state  and  federal  govern- 
ments have  enacted  laws  for  the  control  of  issuance  of  securities. 
In  view  of  the  fact  that  all  corporations  are  creatures  of  the 
state  law,  it  will  be  interesting  to  see  what  may  be  determined 
by  the  Supreme  Court  as  to  the  power  of  the  Interstate  Com- 
merce Commission  to  authorize  or  require  these  corporations  to 
increase  or  diminish  their  stock  issues. 


HUGH  GORDON.  673 

Undoubtedly  federal  power  in  the  regulation  of  interstate 
commerce  has  been  greatly  extended  wjthin  recent  years.  The 
Interstate  Commerce  Act  has  been  made  a  much  liiore  effctiye 
piece  of  legislative  machinery  for  constructive  regulation.  But 
it  has  not  superseded  all  state  regulation  of  the  instrumentalities 
of  interstate  commerce.  The  state  legislative  machinery  has  not 
been  rendered  obsolete  by  functional  depreciation. 

Regulation  of  public  utilities  as  exemplified  by  our  various 
legislative  provisions  dealing  with  the  subject  is  a  distinctly 
American  institution.  It  is  as  much  a  feature  of  our  govern- 
mental development  as  is  the  development  of  railways  a  feature 
of  our  economic  growth.  Being  then  a  governmental  institution 
it  should  be  regarded  in  the  future  as  it  has  been  in  the  past  as 
incident  to  both  the  state  and  national  sovereignties.  Therefore, 
in  the  growth  of  federal  power  it  is  not  proper  to  recognize  a 
basis  for  the  prediction  that  state  lines  will  be  wholly  forgotten 
in  future  regulation.  It  would  rather  appear  that  under  our 
form  of  government  each  state  as,  **  the  sovereign  of  the  soil " 
will  always  exercise  its  police  powers  in  some  features  of  regula- 
tion. At  the  present  time  the  states  undoubtedly  play  a  large 
and  importannt  part  in  the  work.  It  may  be  seriously  questioned 
whether  as  a  practical  matter  the  Interstate  Commerce  Cora- 
mission  as  now  organized,  could  effectively  discharge  all  the  duties 
incident  to  the  complete  regulation  of  interstate  commerce.  Con- 
gress apparently  recognizing  this  possibility,  expressly  provided 
in  the  Transportation  Act  that  the  Interstate  Commerce  Com- 
mission could  avail  itself  of  the  instrumentalities  of  the  states. 
That  the  Commission  has  done  so  is  shown  by  the  fact  that  within 
the  past  year  the  California  Commission  has  on  three  different 
occasions  conducted  proceedings  on  behalf  of  the  Interstate  Com- 
merce Commission  on  matters  effecting  both  state  and  interstate 
railroads.  Also  within  the  past  year  the  National  Association  of 
State  Commissions  has  been  working  with  the  Interstate  Com- 
merce Commission  to  develop  practical  methods  whereby  co-oper- 
ation in  the  exercise  of  the  regulatory  powers  of  the  two  could  be 
made  effective.  However  much,  these  things  may  be  indicative 
of  a  tendency  toward  the  elimination  of  friction,  it  would  appear 
that  the  balance  between  state  and  federal  powers  is  to  be  pre- 
served by  co-ordination  of  action  based  upon  a  realization  of  the 


674        BALANCE  BETWEEN   FEDERAL  AND  STATE  POWERS. 

development  which  has  taken  place  within  the  past  two  decades 
in  donstnietive  regulation.  What  has  been  true  in  the  states  is 
equally  true  in  the  nation.  Bestrictive  legislation  will  produce 
neither  co-ordination  nor  co-operation  in  effective  regulation. 
Hostility  by  states  through  unreasonable  insistence  of  their  right 
of  local  control  will  not  be  productwe  of  the  economic  develop- 
ment of  the  utilities.  It  ts  a  sound  principle^  that  regulation  of 
a  large  system^  just  as  the  management  of  such  a  system,  can  be 
most  effectively  applied  to  the  system  as  a  whole.  Until  the  time 
arrives,  if  ever  it  will  arrive  when  this  principle  is  effectively 
carried  out  by  federal  legislation,  every  effort  should  be  made  on 
the  part  of  both  the  state  regulatory  bodies  and  the  Interstate 
Commerce  Commission  to  co-operate  in  the  fullest  degree  toward 
the  common  purpose  of  regulating  interstate  utilities  for  the 
purpose  of  development  and  promotion  rather  than  of  restriction 
and  punishment. 


THE  RIGHTS  OP  THE  UTILITY  UNDEE 
COMMISSION  REGULATION. 

BY 

FRANKLIN  T.  GRIFFITH, 

OF    OBEGON. 

The  regulation  of  public  utilities  by  public  commissions  is 
now  on  trial  to  greater  or  lesser  degree  throughout  the  United 
States.  There  has  been  a  popular  idea  that  utilities  and  com- 
missions were  in  constant  conflict  and  that  the  utility  was  more 
or  less  of  an  outlaw  to  be  arrested  and  punished  by  the  com- 
mission. 

It  is  the  purpose  of  this  paper  to  show  that  under  regulation 
by  state  commissions^  the  utility  has  certain  definite  rights  which 
it  may  enforce  for  the  protection  of  its  property  and  business: 
that^  in  asserting  such  rights^  tffe  utility  is  not  an  outlaw,  but 
stands  on  principles  which  appeal  to  all  fair-minded  citizens. 

And  finally  we  would  establish  the  proposition,  that  it  is  in 
the  best  interest  of  the  utility,  as  well  as  of  the  consumer,  for 
the  utility  to  aid  the  commission  in  fair  regulation;  that^  with 
such  co-operation,  there  will  be  no  occasion  for  resort  to  the  courts 
to  secure  the  constitutional  rights  of  the  utility. 

First,  let  us  trace  the  historical  development  of  state  regula- 
tion of  pubUc  utilities,  and  thus  ascertain  the  reason  for  such 
regulation,  and  the  purposes  to  be  accomplished  thereby. 

Historical  Review  of  State  Rboulation. 

In  the  earliest  times  of  which  we  have  authentic  records,  var- 
ious monopolies  were  created  under  licenses,  grants  or  patents 
from  the  chief,  crown  or  sovereign.  Such  grants  were  made  for 
the  enrichment  of  the  granting  power  and  not  for  the  benefit 
of  the  public.  There  was  little  or  no  attempt  to  prescribe  any 
conditional  limitation  in  the  conduct  of  such  monopolies  in 
favor  of  the  buying  public. 

The  beneficiary  under  the  license,  grant,  patent  or  franchise 
sought  to  use  his  sole  privileges  to  his  sole  profit,  and  he  adopted 

(676) 


676     RIGHTS  OF  THB  UTILITY  UNDER  COMMISSION  REGULATION. 

such  a  course  of  conduct  in  the  handling  of  the  business  of  his 
monoply  as  would  tend  to  increase  his  profits.  Such  a  course  was 
generally  satisfactory  to  the  grantor,  for  thereby  the  grantee  was 
able  to  pay  greater  fees  for  the  right  to  exercise  exclusive 
privileges. 

These  early  grants  were  not  restricted  to  any  particular  class 
or  kind  of  business,  but  the  subject  and  nature  of  the  grant  de- 
pended upon  the  will  of  the  sovereign.  If  the  sovereign  observed 
that  a  profitable  business  was  being  operated  along  any  line  or 
in  any  commodity,  he  would  assert  his  prerogative,  and  license 
that  particular  business  upon  a  basis  which  would  furnish  revenue 
to  the  Crown.  This  was  justified  upon  the  theory  that  the  armies 
and  government  of  the  Crown  furnished  protection  to  enable  the 
grantee  peacefully  to  pursue  his  business,  and  hence  it  was  only 
equitable  that  the  grantee  should  make  a  return  for  this  pro- 
tection. 

Thus  we  see  that  the  first  grants  of  monoply  in  business  were 
really  nothing  more  than  exclusive  licenses  upon  a  tax-paying 
basis.  State  regulation,  not  for  the  benefit  of  the  public,  but  for 
the  benefit  of  the  sovereign,  was  the  established  order  of  things. 

Under  this  system  of  grants  from  the  chief,  crown  or  sovereign, 
a  system  of  monopolies  was  developed,  grantees  were  enriched, 
business  was  closed  to  those  who  were  not  fortunate  enough  to 
enjoy  the  benefits  of  a  royal  grant  or  license,  and  the  buying 
public  was  denied  the  benefit  of  competitive  selling.  Little  dis- 
tinction was  made  between  the  lines  of  business  that  were  natural 
monopolies  and  latterly  considered  to  be  public  business,  and  those 
lines  of  business  which  were  strictly  private  in  character ;  under 
such  licenses  or  grants  artificial  monopolies  were  developed  in 
private  business. 

Gradually,  the  buying  public  demanded  relief  and  protection ; 
relief  from  the  artificial  monopolies  and  protection  under  the 
natural  monopolies.  The  buying  public  demanded  competition 
in  all  lines  of  business  which  were  not  natural  monopolies ;  a  large 
class  of  prospective  merchants  who,  under  the  system  of  artificial 
monopolies,  had  been  denied  the  right  to  engage  in  business,  like- 
wise demanded  the  abolition  of  these  artificial  monopolies.  The 
buying  public  also  demanded  that  the  Crown  insert  in  the  licenses 
and  franchises  of  the  natural  monopolies,  such  as  the  miller,  the 


FBANKLIN  T.  GRIFFITH.  077 

innkeeper  and  the  ferryman,  the  provision  that  service  should 
be  extended  without  discrimination  and  upon  a  reasonable  com- 
pensation. 

As  evidenced  by  the  early  English  law  and  history,  the  Crown 
ultimately  heeded  both  demands  of  the  buying  public,  and  did 
away  with  exclusive  licenses  for  private  business,  and  provided 
that,  in  the  handling  of  natural  monopolies,  prices  and  service 
must  be  just  and  reasonable. 

Prom  these  beginnings  developed  the  common  law  principle 
that  the  miller,  the  innkeeper,  the  ferryman  and  others  enjoying 
natural  monopolies,  must  prescribe  reasonable  rates  and  serve 
all  in  a  reasonable  manner  without  discrimination. 

When  the  Colonists  came  to  America,  they  were  imbued  with 
the  idea  that  the  state  should  be  divorced  from  control  over 
private  business.  Indeed,  it  was  the  spirit  of  revolt  from  control 
by  state  or  church  which  was  one  of  the  chief  causes  of  coloniza- 
tion in  America. 

It  is  no  wonder,  then,  that  in  the  United  States,  especially  after 
freedom  from  the  Crown  through  the  revolution,  public  senti- 
ment demanded  a  freedom  of  trade  and  of  competition  unlimited 
by  any  federal  or  state  control. 

In  the  United  States  in  the  eighteenth  and  until  late  in  the 
nineteenth  centuries,  private  business  developed  with  little  re^ 
straint  from  state  control  or  regulation.  If  any  man  wanted  to 
build  and  operate  a  railroad,  a  water  system,  a  telephone  exchange, 
an  electric  power  plant,  or  any  other  business,  now  known  as  a 
public  utility,  it  was  only  a  question  of  getting  a  franchise  from 
the  town  or  city,  for  the  use  of  its  streets,  etc.  The  consumers 
of  the  service  furnished  by  the  public  utility  were  enamoured  of 
the  idea  that  they  should  have  competition  in  public  utility  service 
as  well  as  in  other  lines  of  business,  and  that  they  would  thereby 
obtain  the  benefits  of  lesser  cost  of  service.  The  city  and  town 
councils  reflected  the  spirit  of  the  consumers  and  they  invited 
the  establishment  of  rival  utility  companies. 

As  a  result  of  this  trend  in  utility  development,  competition 
became  so  keen  that  many  utilities  became  bankrupt,  and  their 
properties  were  thrown  into  receiverships  for  the  benefit  of  bond- 
holders or  general  creditors.  The  natural  cure  and  prevention 
for  this  condition  of  utilities  was  in  the  doing  away  with  com- 


678     EIGHTS  OF  THB  UTILITY  UKDBR  OOMMISSION  BEGULATION. 

petition  by  the  consolidation  of  the  rival  utilities.  Accordingly^ 
an  era  of  consolidation  of  public  utilities  ensued.  Such  con- 
solidation embraced  not  only  rival  utilities  in  the  same  line,  but 
also  utilities  in  different  lines ;  not  only  the  utilities  of  a  single 
city  but  the  utilities  of  several  cities.  Under  such  consolidation^ 
a  new  and  threatening  monopoly  was  established;  generally  the 
consolidated  utility  had  a  natural  monopoly  by  occupation  of 
the  streets  or  control  of  the  watershed,  the  water  power  or  the 
gas  field,  but  always  the  consolidated  utility  had  a  most  effective 
monopoly  in  the  fact  that  no  other  capital  was  available  in  suffi- 
cient quantity  to  challenge  the  strength  of  the  consolidated  and 
entrenched  utility. 

With  the  return  of  this  monopoly,  came  abuses  on  the  part  of 
the  utility  in  the  form  of  unreasonable  rates  and  inadequate  ser- 
vice. It  was  the  same  abuse  as  had  been  practised  centuries 
before  under  the  exclusive  grants  from  chief,  king  or  sovereign. 
The  same  wail  was  heard  from  the  consumers  as  in  the  early 
centuries. 

Commission  Eegulation  vs.  Municipal  Ownership. 

To  correct  these  abuses,  sometimes  actual,  but  more  often 
fancied,  public  sentiment  was  divided  into  two  groups:  The 
conservatives,  who  would  regulate  the  utility  through  the  exercise 
of  the  police  power  of  the  state,  the  radicals,  who  would  take 
over  the  utility,  or  construct  a  substitute  therefor,  as  a  branch 
of  municipal  activity. 

It  is  not  within  the  scope  of  this  paper  to  discuss  municipal 
ownership;  we  shall  only  attempt  to  consider  the  principle  of 
commission  regulation  from  the  viewpoint  of  the  utility. 

However,  before  dismissing  the  subject  of  municipal  owner- 
ship, we  would  prophesy  that,  unless  commission  regulation 
satisfactorily  cures  or  prevents  the  evils  of  monopoly  in  the  utility 
business,  municipal  ownership  is  certain  to  be  the  rule  of  the  next 
era  of  the  development  of  public  utilities.  It  would  therefore 
seem  to  be  the  logical  purpose  of  private  enterprise  in  the  utility 
business  to  work,  not  for  the  defeat,  but  for  the  success  of  com- 
mission regulation.  If  commission  regulation  is  a  failure  in  pro- 
viding reasonable  and  adequate  service  without  discrimination 
and  at  reasonable  rates,  the  doctrine  of  universal  municipal 


FRANKLIN   T.   OBIFPITH.  679 

ownership  of  public  utilities  will  be  applied^  and  as  a  result^  the 
business  of  private  enterprise  therein  will  be  lost  and  its  invest- 
ment sacrificed. 

Commission  Rboulation. 

The  theory  of  commission  regulation  is  founded  upon  equity 
both  to  the  public  and  to  the  utility;  this  theory  demands  that 
the  utility  furnish  reasonable  and  adequate  service,  without  dis- 
crimination, at  reasonable  rates.  But  the  theory  also  guarantees 
to  the  utility  a  reasonable  return  for  the  service  rendered.  If 
the  theory  is  truly  and  honestly  applied,  both  the  public  and  the 
utility  should  be  satisfied.  It  is  only  when  the  theory  is  unjustly 
applied  to  the  utility,  that  the  utility  has  any  cause  for  complaint. 

In  this  paper  we  shall  discuss  briefly  the  manner  and  means, 
in  the  light  of  reason  and  judicial  decision,  whereby  the  utility 
may  enforce  an  equitable  operation  of  the  theory  of  commission 
regulation.  It  appears  from  the  published  program  that  another 
paper  is  to  be  presented,  discussing  the  problem  of  conflicting 
federal  and  state  regulation,  and  hence  we  will  confine  this  paper 
to  the  rights  of  the  utility  doing  an  intrastate  business. 

In  so  far  as  the  regulation  by  the  commission  is  fair,  just  and 
reasonable,  allowing  the  utility  a  fair  return  upon  its  investment, 
the  utility  should  have  no  legal  or  moral  objection.  It  is  a  mis- 
take for  any  utility  to  contest  commission  regulation,  unless  there 
is  an  actual  basis  for  so  doing.  It  should  be  the  attitude  of  the 
utility  to  support  and  uphold  the  commission  in  its  acts  and 
orders  so  long  as  the  same  are  reasonable  and  just.  The  ultimate 
salvation  of  private  enterprise  in  the  public  utility  business  lies 
in  satisfactory  commission  regulation — satisfactory  not  alone  to 
the  utility,  but,  as  well,  to  the  public.  Hence,  it  is  both  the  civic 
duty  and  the  private  advantage  of  the  utility  to  support  the  com- 
mission in  fair  and  just  regulation. 

Let  it  be  understood  that  the  writer,  in  dealing  with  the  manner 
and  means  to  enforce  the  rights  of  the  utility,  is  not  giving 
expression  to  the  thought  that  such  procedure  is  generally  neces- 
sary ;  the  personal  experience  of  the  writer  has  been  quite  to  the 
contrary,  and  it  is  his  conviction  that  the  great  majority  of  com- 
missions throughout  the  United  States  are  fair  and  just,  and 
when  properly  advised,  desire  to  do  justice  to  both  the  public 


680     RIGHTS  OF  THB  UTILITY  UNDER  OOMlilSSION  REGULATION. 

and  the  utility.  When  injustice  to  the  utility  results,  it  is  more 
likely  to  arise  from  the  fault  of  the  utility,  in  failing  properly 
to  present  its  case,  than  from  any  intention  on  the  part  of  the 
commission  to  be  unfair  to  the  utility. 

Authority  of  State  to  Regulate  Utilities. 

That  the  state  has  the  right  to  provide  for  any  public  utility 
regulation  within  the  valid  exercise  of  its  police  power,  cannot 
be  denied.  This  has  become  a  fixed  principle  of  law  applicable  to 
the  regulation  of  public  utilities. 

The  extent  and  definition  of  "  police  power  ^'  presents  a  greater 
diflSculty.  The  limits  and  definition  of  said  power  change  with 
the  spirit  of  the  time.  It  is  extended  or  restricted  according  to 
the  temper  of  the  electorate. 

Mr.  Justice  McKenna,  in  the  case  of  Eubank  t;^.  Richmond, 

226  U.  S.  137,  142,  57  L.  Ed.  158,  well  states  the  difficulties  of 

defining  police  power,  in  the  following : 

Whether  it  is  a  valid  exercise  of  the  police  power  is  a  question  in 
the  case,  and  that  power  we  have  defined,  as  far  as  it  is  capable  of 
being  defined  by  general  words,  a  number  of  times.  It  is  not  susceptible 
of  circumstantial  precision.  It  extends,  we  have  said,  not  only  to  regu- 
lations which  promote  the  public  health,  morals  and  safety,  but  to 
those  which  promote  the  public  convenience  or  the  general  prosperity. 
Chicago,  B.  &  Q.  R.  Co.  vs.  Illinois,  200  U.  S.  561,  50  L.  Ed.  596,  26  Sup. 
Ct.  Rep.  341,  4  Ann.  Cas.  1175.  And  further.  **  It  is  the  most  essential 
of  powers,  at  times  the  most  insistent,  ana  always  one  of  the  least 
limitable  of  the  powers  of  government.''  District  of  Columbia  vs,  Brooke, 
214  U.  S.  138,  149,  53  L.  Ed.  941,  945,  29  Sup.  Ct.  Rep.  560. 

In  this  day  of  elastic  state  constitutions,  of  referenda  and 
initiatives,  it  is  an  easy  matter  to  pass  state  legislation,  which  will 
define,  limit,  or  extend  the  police  power  of  the  state  as  the  popular 
will  may  dictate. 

Hence  it  is  of  little  avail  for  the  utility  to  urge  in  the  state 
courts  that  a  particular  regulation  is  beyond  the  police  power  of 
the  state,  for,  if  the  state  courts  should  so  hold,  it  is  probable 
that,  at  the  next  election,  such  constitutional  or  statutory  legisla- 
tion would  be  adopted  as  to  substantially  define  and  extend  the 
police  power  of  the  state  to  include  the  protested  regulation. 

In  those  states  which  have,  by  their  constitutions,  kept  separate 
the  three  departments  of  government,  the  commission  is  regarded 
as  an  administrative  branch  of  the  executive  department.  The 
purpose  of  the  commission  is  to  give  force  and  effect  to  laws  as 


FRANKLIN  T.  GBIFPITH.  681 

enacted  by  the  legislative  department.  Henee>  when  any  attempt 
is  made  to  clothe  the  commission  with  judicial  power  as  well, 
to  pass  upon  the  validity  of  its  own  mlin'^,  there  arises  an  admix- 
ture of  departmental  jurisdiction^  which  should  not  be  sustained. 
As  said  by  Judge  Hook  in  Western  Union  Telegraph  Co.  vs. 
Myatt,  98  Fed.  335,  341 : 

In  prescribing  regulations  or  rules  of  action  under  the  police  power 
of  the  state,  for  the  safety  and  convenience  of  the  public,  or  determining 
a  schedule  of  rates  and  charges  for  services  to  be  rendered,  they  (the 
Commission)  are  m  no  sense  performing  judicial  functions,  nor  are 
they  in  any  respect  judicial  tribunals.  The  distinction  between  legisla- 
tive and  judicial  functions  is  a  vital  one,  and  it  is  not  subject  to  altera- 
tion or  change,  either  by  legislative  act  or  by  judicial  decree,  for  such 
distinction  inheres  in  the  constitution  itself,  and  is  as  much  a  part  of 
it  as  though  it  were  definitely  defined  therein.  When  the  legislature 
has  once  acted,  either  bv  itself  or  through  some  supplemental  and 
subordinate  board  or  body,  and  has  prescribed  a  tarifif  of  rates  and 
charges,  then,  whether  its  action  va  violative  of  some  constitutional 
safeguard  or  limitation,  is  a  judicial  question,  the  determination  of 
which  involves  the  exercise  of  judicial  functions.  The  question  is  then 
beyond  the  province  of  legislative  jurisdiction. 

Bblief  in  the  Federal  Courts. 

Nearly  every  question  which  could  be  raised  on  behalf  of  the 
utility,  is  a  federal  question  under  the  Fourteenth  Amendment 
of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States.  If  the  regulation  is 
fair  and  reasonable,  the  objection  of  the  utility  thereto  is  without 
merit;  if  the  regulation  is  such,  that  it  confiscates  the  property 
of  the  utility,  or  denies  it  equal  protection  of  the  laws,  thei^ 
it  is  unreasonable,  and  comes  within  the  prohibitions  of  the 
said  Fourteenth  Amendment,  and  a  federal  question  is  thus  pre- 
sented, of  which  the  federal  courts  have  jurisdiction.  Appreciat- 
ing the  spirit  of  the  electorate  of  the  different  states,  and  having 
studied  and  contrasted  the  course  of  judicial  procedure  and 
decision  in  state  and  federal  courts,  we  are  irresistibly  led  to  the 
conclusion  that  a  public  utility  will  gain  earlier  and  more  effec- 
tive results  by  resorting  directly  to  the  federal  courts  for  injunc- 
tive relief  whenever  such  a  course  is  possible. 

The  first  question  which  the  attorney  for  the  utility  must 
determine  is^  whether  or  not  he  is  compelled  to  seek  relief  in  the 
state  courts  before  resorting  to  the  federal  courts.  The^  answer 
to  this  question  depends  upon  the  construction  and  interpretation 
of  the  state  legislation,  under  which  the  regulation  had  been 


682     BIGHTS  OF  THE  UTILITY  UNDER  COKMISSION  REGULATION. 

promulgated.  If  the  state  legislation  provides  for  the  exclusive 
remedy  of  appeal  to  the  state  courts^  then  that  course  should  be 
followed.  This  question  was  before  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States  in  the  case  of  Prentis  et  ai,  vs.  Atlantic  Coast 
Line  Co.,  211  U.  S.  210,  230,  53  L.  Ed.  150,  160,  wherein  Mr. 
Justice  Holmes  says : 

The  State  of  Virginia  has  endeavored  to  impose  the  highest  safe- 

guards  possible  upon  the  exercise  of  the  great  power  given  to  the 
tate  Corporation  Commission,  not  only  by  the  character  of  the  mem- 
bers of  that  commission,  but  by  making  its  decisions  dependent  upon 
the  assent  of  the  same  historic  body  that  is  intrusted  with  the  preserva- 
tion of  the  most  valued  constitutional  rights,  if  the  railroads  see 
fit  to  appeal.  It  seems  to  us  only  a  just  recognition  of  the  solicitude 
with  which  their  rights  have  been  yarded,  that  they  should  make  sure 
that  the  state,  in  its  final  legislative  action,  would  not  respect  what 
they  think  their  rights  to  be,  before  resorting  to  the  courts  of  the 
United  States. 

If  the  rate  should  be  affirmed  by  the  supreme  court  of  appeals  and 
the  railroads  still  should  regard  it  as  confiscatory,  it  will  be  underetood 
from  what  we  have  said  that  they  will  be  at  libertv  then  to  renew  their 
application  to  the  circuit  court,  without  fear  of  being  met  by  a  plea  of 
reJB  judicata.  It  will  not  be  necessary  to  wait  for  a  prosecution  by  the 
commission.  We  may  8uld  that,  when  the  rate  is  fixed,  a  bill  against 
the  commission  to  r^rain  the  members  from  enforcing  it  will  not  be 
bad  as  an  attempt  to  enjoin  legislation,  or  as  a  suit  against  a  state,  and 
will  be  the  proper  form  of  remedy. 

But  if  the  state  statute  discloses  that  the  remedy  of  appeal  to 
the  state  court  is  only  an  alternative  remedy,  then  resort  should 
be  had  to  injunctive  relief  in  the  federal  courts  without  the 
delay  incident  to  a  proceeding  in  the  state  courts.  Bacon  v$, 
Rutland  R.  R.  Co.  232  TJ.  S.  134,  58  L.  Ed.  538. 

Protection  Under  the  Fourteenth  Amendment. 

The  history  of  the  development  of  our  law,  whereby  the  utility 
is  given  protection  under  the  Fourteenth  Amendment  to  the 
Federal  Constitution,  is  interesting. 

The  leading  early  case  is  that  of  Munn  vs,  Illinoifi,  94  U.  S. 
113,  154,  24  L.  Ed.  77,  decided  in  1877.  The  question  there 
at  issue  was,  whether  the  State  of  IlUnois  could  regulate  ware- 
housemen in  the  handling  of  grain.  This  was  one  of  several  cases 
known  as  the  ''  Granger  cases.*'  The  state  took  the  position  that 
the  business  to  be  regulated  was  a  public  business,  subject  to  the 
police  powers  of  the  state ;  that  the  regulation  thereof  was  lodged 
in  legislative  discretion;  that  this  discretion  could  not  be  dis- 
turbed by  the  courts.     The  warehousemen  contended  that  the 


FRANKLIN   T.   GRIFFITH.  683 

Fourteenth  Amendment  gave  them  protection  against  the  enforce- 
ment of  the  regulations. 

The  court,  in  an  opinion  by  Mr.  Justice  Waite,  Mr.  Justice 
Fields  dissenting,  upheld  the  contentions  of  the  State  of  Illinois, 
and  decided  that  (1)  the  legislature  had  power  to  fix  rates  of 
public  business,  (2)  that  such  rates  were  within  the  sole  discre- 
tion of  the  legislature  and  could  not  be  changed  by  the  courts. 

The  importance  of  this  decision  was  at  once  recognized,  and 
the  law  journals,  as  well  as  the  press  of  that  day,  have  interesting 
comments  upon  the  decision.  These  comments  are  critical  or 
otherwise,  dependent  upon  the  interests  which  might  be  reflected. 
Those  journals  which  were  presumed  to  represent  invested  capi- 
tal, denounced  the  decision  in  no  uncertain  terms.  The  New 
York  Times,  in  an  editorial  of  March  29,  1877,  referred  to  the 
decision  as  '^  mischievous,**  and  argued  that,  under  such  a  rule, 
the  investment  of  foreign  capital  could  not  be  expected.  Evi- 
dently the  investing  public  had  something  of  the  same  idea,  for 
railroad  stocks  and  bonds  declined  immediately  following  the 
announcement  of  the  decision.    (9  Rose's  Notes  510.) 

If  the  decision  in  the  Munn  case  had  been  allowed  to  stand, 
public  utilities  would  today  have  little  or  no  protection,  and  would 
be  subject  to  the  arbitrary  will  or  whim  of  every  succeeding 
legislature  and  regulatory  commission. 

Mr.  Chief  Justice  Waite  himself  was  the  first  to  suggest  a  modi- 
fication of  the  doctrines  of  the  Munn  case.  In  the  case  of  Stone 
V8.  Farmers  Loan  &  T.  Co.,  116  U.  S.  331,  29  L.  Ed.  644, 
decided  in  1885,  Mr.  Chief  Justice  Waite,  in  discussing  the  Munn 
case,  says : 

From  what  has  thus  been  said,  it  is  not  to  be  inferred  that  this  power 
of  limitation  or  regulation  is  itself  without  limit.  This  power  to  regu- 
late is  not  a  power  to  destroy,  and  limitation  is  not  the  equivalent  of 
confiscation,  under  pretense  of  regulating  fares  and  freights,,  the  state 
cannot  require  a  railroad  corporation  to  carry  persons  or  property  with- 
out reward ;  neither  can  it  do  that  which  in  law  amoimts  to  a  tiJcing  of 
private  property  for  public  use  without  just  compensation,  or  without 
due  process  of  law. 

In  1889,  in  the  case  of  Chicago  M.  &  St.  P.  R.  Co.  vs.  Minne- 
sota, 134  U.  S.  456,  33  L.  Ed.  980,  the  Munn  doctrine  was  again 
under  consideration.  This  case  arose  on  writ  of  error  to  review 
the  judgment  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Minnesota,  which  had 
held  that  rates  published  by  the  Minnesota  Railroad  and  Ware- 


684     RIGHTS  OP  THE  UTILITY  UNDER  COMMISSION  REGULATION. 

bouse  Coomiissioii  were  final  and  conclusive,  and  that  the  reason* 
ableness  thereof  could  not  be  enquired  into. 

The  court,  in  an  opinion  by  Mr.  Justice  Blatchford,  expressly 
overruled  the  doctrine  of  the  Munn  case  iu  the  following  lan- 
guage: 

The  construction  put  upon  the  statute  by  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Minnesota  must  be  accepted  by  this  court,  for  the  purposes  of  the  present 
case,  as  conclusive,  and  not  to  be  re-examined  here  as  to  its  propriety 
or  accuracy.  The  supreme  court  authoritatively  declared  that  it  is 
the  expressed  intention  of  the  Legislature  of  Minnesota,  by  the  Statute, 
that  the  rates  recommended  and  published  by  the  Commission,  if  it 
proceeds  in  the  manner  pointed  out  by  the  act,  are  not  simply  advisory, 
nor  merely  prima  facie  equal  and  reasonable,  but  final  and  conclusive 
as  to  what  are  equal  and  reasonable  charges;  that  the  law  neither  con- 
templates nor  allows  any  issue  to  be  made  or  inquiry  to  be  had  as  to 
their  equality  or  reasonableness  in  fact;  that,  under  the  statute,  the 
rates  published  by  the  Commission  are  the  only  ones  that  are  lawful, 
and  therefore  in  contemplation  of  law  the  only  ones  that  are  equal  ana 
reasonable;  and  that,  in  a  proceeding  for  a  mandamus  under  the  statute, 
there  is  no  fact  to  traverse  except  the  violation  of  law  in  not  compl3ring 
with  recommendations  of  the  Commission.  In  other  words,  although 
the  railroad  company  is  forbidden  to  establish  rates  that  are  not  equal 
and  reasonable,  there  is  no  power  in  the  courts  to  stay  the  hands  of  the 
Commission,  if  it  chooses  to  establish  rates  that  are  unequal  and  un- 
reasonable. This  being  the  construction  of  the  statute  by  which  we  are 
bound  in  considering  the  present  case,  we  are  of  opinion  that,  so  con- 
strued, it  conflicts  with  the  Constitution  of  ^he  United  States  in  the 
particulars  complained  of  by  the  Railroad  Company.  It  deprives  the 
company  of  its  right  to  a  judicial  investigation,  by  due  process  of  law, 
under  the  forms  and  with  the  machinery  provided  by  the  wisdom  of 
successive  ages  for  the  investigation  judicially  of  the  truth  of  a  matter 
in  controversy,  and  substitutes  therefore,  as  an  absolute  finality,  the 
action  of  a  railroad  commission  which,  in  view  of  the  powers  concede  to 
it  by  the  state  courts  cannot  be  regarded  as  clothed  with  judicial  fimc^ 
tions,  or  possessing  the  machinery  of  a  court  of  justice. 

That  the  court  intended  to  overrule  the  Munn  case,  is  shown 
by  the  dissenting  opinion  of  Mr.  Justice  Bradley,  wherein  he 
says: 

I  cannot  agree  to  the  decision  of  the  court  in  this  case.  It  practically 
overrules  Munn  vs.  Illinois,  94  U.  S.  113. 

In  1893,  the  same  court  had  the  question  before  it  in  the  case 
of  Keaga^  vs.  Farmers  Loan  &  Trust  Co.,  154  XJ.  S.  392,  38  L. 
Ed.  1014,  and  in  an  opinion  of  Mr.  Justice  Brewer,  held : 

The  courts  are  not  authorized  to  revise  or  change  the  body  of  rates 
imposed  by  a  legislature  or  a  commission;  they  do  not  determine 
whether  one  fate  is  preferable  to  another,  or  what  under  all  circiun- 
stances  would  be  fdir  and  reasonable  ad  between  the  carriers  and  the 
shippers;  they -do  not  engage  in  any  mere  administrative  work.;  but  still, 
thei-e.  can  be  no  doubt  of  their  power  and  duty  to  inquire  whether  a 
body  of  fates  prescribed  by  a  legislature  or  a  ^mmission,  is  unjust  and 


FRANKLIN   T.   GRIFFITH.  685 

unreasonable,  and  such  as  to  work  a  practical  destruction  to  rights  of 
property,  and,  if  found  so  to  be,  to  restrain  its  operation. 

Since  the  Beagan  case^  the  Supreme  Court  has  repeatedly 
affirmed  the  proposition  that  public  utilities  are  entitled  to  pro- 
tection under  the  provisions  of  the  Fourteenth  Amendment,  and 
if  regulation  by  commissions,  in  their  effect  upon  utilities,  are 
violative  of  the  provisions  of  said  amendment,  then  the  utility, 
by  injunctive  proceedings  in  the  federal  courts,  or  by  writs  of 
error  to  review  the  decision  of  Supreme  ^Courts,  may  have  relief 
from  such  regulations. 

While  it  had  been  definitely  settled  that  the  utility  would  be 
protected  from  actual  confiscation  of  property,  there  still  remained 
the  question  whether  the  utility,  under  the  Fourteenth  Amend- 
ment, could  compel  rates  which  would  give  it  a  reasonable  return. 
It  had  taken  fifteen  years  to  modify  the  Munn  decision  so  as  to 
prevent  actual  confiscation  of  utility  properties,  and  it  was  a  long 
stride  in  reversal  for  the  same  court  to  go  farther  and  give  the 
utility  the  aid  of  the  Fourteenth  Amendment  in  compelling  rates 
which  would  insure  the  utility  a  reasonable  return  npon  the 
investment. 

But  twenty-one  years  after  the  Munn  decision,  in  1898,  in  the 
case  of  Smyth  vs.  Ames,  169  XJ.  S.  466, 42  L.  Ed.  819,  the  precise 
question  arose.  Mr.  William  J.  Bryan,  for  the  Appellants,  ad- 
mitted the  right  of  judicial  interference  when  the  rates  pre- 
scribed resulted  in  actual  confiscation,  but  denied  the  right  of 
judicial  interference  to  secure  an  adequate  or  any  return  to  the 
utility.    Mr.  Bryan  states  his  contention  as  follows : 

That,  as  a  general  rule,  the  power  of  the  courts  to  suspend  the  enforce- 
ment of  a  schedule  of  rates  fixed  by  a  state  legislature  or  by  a  railroad 
commission  can  only  be  invoked  when  such  rates  yield  an  income  so 
small  as  to  leave  absolu^ly  nothing  above  operating  expenses. 

The  court,  in  an  opinion  by  Mr^  Justice  Harlan,  after  an 
exhaustive  review  of  prior  decision,  held : 

In  view  of  the  adjudications,  these  principles  must  be  regarded  as 
settled 

A  state  enactment,  or  regulations  made  under  the  authority  of  a 
state  enactment,  establishing  rates  for  the  transportation  of  persons  or 
property  by  raikoad,  that  will  not  admit  of  the  carrier  earning  such 
compensation  as  under  all  the  circumstances  is  just,  to  it  and  to  the 
public,  would  deprive  such  carrier  of  its  property  without  due  process 
of  law,  and  deny  to  it  the  equal  protection  of  the  laws,  and  would  there- 
fore be  repugnant  to  the  14th  Amendment  of  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States. 


686     RIGHTS  OF  THE  UTILITY  UNDER  COMMISSION  REGULATION. 

The  Smyth-Ames  case  has  been  repeatedly  cited  with  approval, 
and  it  is  now  tlie  settled  law  of  the  land  that  a  public  utility 
may,  under  the  protection  of  the  Fourteenth  Amendment,  compel 
such  rates  as  will  enable  the  utility  to  make  a  fair  and  reasonable 
return  upon  a  fair  and  reasonable  investment. 

Rate  op  Return. 

The  problem  of  ascertaining  what  is  a  fair  and  reasonable  rate 
of  return,  is  one  which  cannot  be  answered  by  court  or  laymen 
with  certainty.  An  honest  dollar  invested  in  public  utility  is  not 
unlike  any  other  honest  dollar  invested  in  any  other  honest  enter- 
prise. Some  would  seem  to  profess  the  belief  that  there  is  some- 
thing different  about  the  dollar  invested  in  public  utilities.  No 
matter  how  hard  it  worked  and  how  great  its  earning  capacity 
before  and  after  investment  in  the  public  utility,  the  average 
consumer  seems  to  feel  that,  while  invested  in  public  utilities, 
the  dollar  is  on  a  vacation,  while  the  radical  consumer  seems  to 
believe  that  it  not  only  is  on  a  vacation,  but  should  bear  the 
expense  usually  attendant  upon  leisure.  The  rate  of  return  must 
be  fixed  by  the  hazard  of  the  investment  and  the  earning  power  of 
money  at  the  time  and  place  of  the  investment. 

Fair  and  Reasonable  Investment. 

What  is  a  fair  and  reasonable  investment,  is  a  question  which 
will  continue  to  be  the  subject  of  litigation  until  definite  rules 
are  laid  down  for  accountants  to  follow.  After  every  rule  of 
accounting  has  been  definitely  fixed,  litigation  will  still  persist 
for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  whether  the  expert  accountants 
and  appraisers  of  the  utility  of  the  commission  are  correct  in  their 
statistics  and  appraisements.  Many  cases,  bearing  upon  different 
phases  of  this  question,  have  been  heard,  and  the  books  are  full 
of  reported  cases  from  various  courts  and  various  commissions,  all 
striving  to  lay  down  rules  of  accounting,  upon  which  to  determine 
the  fair  and  reasonable  value  of  the  utility  for  rate-making  pur- 
poses. It  would  unduly  prolong  this  paper  to  make  any  attempt 
to  go  into  a  discussion  of  these  cases  and  adduce  the  various  rules 
of  accounting  which  have  been  established. 


FRANKLIK   T.   GRIFFITH.    ^  687 

This  main  principle  has  been  fully  and  definitely  settled,  to 
wit:  The  basic  investment  for  rate-making  purposes  is,  the  fair 
present  value  of  the  utility.  The  matter  of  initial  costs  is  not 
even  prima  facie  evidence  of  present  values,  although  they  may 
be  taken  into  consideration  with  other  evidence  in  determining 
present  values. 

As  Mr.  Justice  Harlan  said,  in  San  Diego  Land  &  Town  Co. 

vs.  National  City,  174  U.  S.  757,  43  L.  Ed.  1161 : 

The  basis  of  calculation  suggested  by  the  appellant  ia,  h6wever,  de- 
fective in  not  requiring  the  real  value  of  the  property  and  the  fair  value 
in  themselves  of  the  services  rendered,  to  be  taken  into  consideration. 
What  the  company  is  entitled  to  demand,  in  order  that  it  may  have 
just  compensation,  is  a  fair  return  upon  the  reasonable  value  of  the 
property  at  the  time  it  is  being  used  for  the  public. 

To  the  same  effect,  we  have  the  declaration  of  Mr.  Justice 
Hughes  in  the  Minnesota  Hate  Cases,  Simpson  v$,  Shephard,  230 
U.  S.  434,  57  L.  Ed.  1556;  "The  basis  of  calculation  is  the 
'fair  value  of  the  property*  used  for  the  convenience  of  the 
public." 

Any  testimony  or  rule  of  accounting  which  tends  to  aid  in 
ascertaining  the  "fair  value  of  the  property"  of  the  utility, 
at  the  time  of  the  application  of  the  rates  in  question,  should 
receive  judicial  consideration.  If  the  utility  will  strive  honestly 
to  aid  commissions  in  arriving  at  a  fair  value  of  its  properties, 
it  will  do  much  toward  the  establishment  of  public  confidence 
in  the  utility,  the  commission,  and  the  theory  of  commission 
regulation.  If,  on  the  other  hand,  the  utility  unconscionably 
contests  the  question  of  fair  values,  it  will  gain  the  ill  will  of 
both  the  commission  and  the  public ;  the  result  will  be,  that  the 
electorate  will  become  suspicious  of  the  fair  intentions  of  the 
utility  and  of  the  effectiveness  of  commission  regulation;  when 
continued  suspicion  is  supplanted  by  conviction  in  the  minds  of 
the  electorate,  commission  regulation  will  be  tossed  aside  as  a 
proven  failure,  and,  led  by  radical  thought,  the  public  will  gallop 
on  to  try  municipal  ownership  or  some  other  remedy  which 
promises  the  consumer  a  service  at  less  than  reasonable  cost. 

In  conclusion,  I  would  leave  with  you  this  thought  Honest 
regulation  by  commissions,  dealing  equity  both  to  the  public  and 
to  the  utility,  is  not  only  a  proper  application  or  the  police  power 
of  the  state,  but,  as  a  theory,  appeals  to  every  fair-minded  person 


688     BIGHTS  OF  THE  UTILITY  UNDER  OOHMISSION  BEQULATION. 

as  being  the  reasonable  way  to  handle  utility  problems.  That 
this  theory  may  be  worked  out  in  practice,  to  the  satisfaction  of 
average  consumers,  should  be  more  the  desire  of  the  utility  than 
of  the  commission ;  the  very  life  of  the  utility  is  at  stake,  while 
the  commissioners  can  probably  find  other  fields  of  business  or 
political  activity.  The  feuccess  or  failure  of  this  theory  lies  largely 
with  the  utiUty;  if  the  utility  will  be  fair  and  reasonable  and 
co-operate  in  working  out  a  fair  administration  of  the  theory, 
commission  regulation  will  be  assured  a  permanent  place  in  our 
governmental  plan.  But,  on  the  other  hand,  if  the  utiUty  mani- 
fests a  disposition  to  be  unfair,  and  hinders  or  impedes  a  fair 
administration  of  the  theory  of  commission  regulation,  to  the 
end  that  the  consumer  pays  an  unreasonable  price  for  his  service, 
we  can  only  expect  an  overthrow  of  commission  regulation,  with 
resulting  chaos,  not  only  for  the  utility,  but  also  for  the  public 
consumer  of  utility  service. 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF  THE 

SECTION  OF  LEGAL  EDUCATION  AND 
ADMISSIONS  TO  THE  BAR 

The  Section  of  Legal  Education  and  Admissions  to  the  Bar 
met  at  the  St  Francis  Hotel,  San  Francisco,  California,  at  2.30 
P.  M.,  August  8,  1922,  with  the  Secretary  of  the  Section,  John 
B.  Sanborn,  presiding  in  the  absence  of  the  Chairman,  Elihu 
Root,  and  the  Vice-Chairman,  John  W.  Davis. 

The  Chairman  appointed  Messrs.  Smith,  TW>odward  and  Ames 
as  a  Nominating  Committee. 

The  report  of  the  Secretary  was  then  submitted.  This  report 
referred  to  the  approval  by  the  American  Bar  Association  of 
certain  standards  for  admission  to  the  Bar  adopted  by  the  Sec- 
tion at  its  previous  meeting;  the  progress  made  in  classifying 
the  law  schools  of  the  country  in  accordance  with  these  stand- 
ards; the  arrangements  made  for  special  conference  on  legal 
education  held  by  the  Bar  Association  Delegates  in  Washington, 
on  February  23-24,  1922  (see  abstract  of  proceedings  of  con- 
ference, page  482,  supra)  and  the  progress  made  since  that  con- 
ference in  bringing  the  standards  for  admission  to  the  Bar 
adopted  by  the  conference  to  the  attention  of  state  and  local 
bar  associations  throughout  the  country. 

The  Chairman  announced  that  a  part  of  the  program  would 
be  devoted  to  an  informal  discussion  upon  the  necessity  or 
advisability  of  keeping  uniform  records  by  the  various  state 
boards  of  Bar  examinations.  This  subject  was  then  discussed 
by  Henry  M.  Bates  of  Michigan,  M.  0.  Sloss  of  California, 
F.  0.  Siddons  of  Washington,  D.  C,  Charles  F.  Carusi  6i  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  and  L.  S.  Forrest  of  Iowa. 

(689) 


690    PBOCEEDINGS  OP  SECTION  OP  LEGAL  EDUCATION. 

The  Nominating  Committee  reported  the  following  recom- 
mendations : 

Chairman,  John  W.  Davis/  of  New  York;  Vice-Chairman, 
Silas  H.  Strawn,  of  Illinois;  Secretary  and  Treasurer;  John  B. 
Sanborn,  of  Wisconsin. 

Members  of  the  Council,  term  expiring  in  1926,  Herbert  S. 
Hadley,  of  Colorado;  and  Wade  Millis,  of  Michigan. 

On  motion  the  report  of  the  Nominating  Committee  was 
adopted  and  the  persons  named  were  duly  elected. 

The  Section  adjourned  sine  die. 

John  B.  Sanbobn,  Secretary. 

^John  W.  Ds^vis,  having  been  subsequently  elected  President  of  the 
American  Bar  Association,  resigned  as  Chairman  and  was  succeeded  in 
that  office  by  Silas  H.  Strawn,  the  Vice-Chairman. 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF  THE 
THIRTY-SECOND  ANNUAL  MEETING 

OF 

The  National  Conference  of 
Commissioners  on  Uniform  State  Laws 

HELD  AT 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 
Augttst  B-8,  19tB 
AND 

INFORMATION  CONCERNING  THE  CONFERENCE 

AND  ITS  WORK. 

ORIGIN,  NATURE  AND  SCOPE  OP  THE  NATIONAL 

CONFERENCE  OF  COMMISSIONERS  ON 

UNIFORM  STATE  LAWS. 

The  National  Conference  of  Commissioners  on  Uniform  State 
Laws  is  composed  of  Commissioners  from  each  of  the  states,  .the 
District  of  Columbia,  Alaska,  Hawaii,  Porto  Rico,  and  the 
Philippine  Islands.  In  thirty-three  of  these  jurisdictions  the 
Commissioners  are  appointed  by  the  chief  ezecutiYe  acting  under 
express  legislative  authority.  In  the  other  jurisdictions  the  ap- 
pointments are  made  by  general  executive  authority.  There  are 
usually  three  representatives  from  each  jurisdiction.  The  term 
of  appointment  varies,  but  three  years  is  the  usual  period.  The 
Commissioners  are  chosen  from  the  legal  profession,  being  law- 
yers and  judges  of  standing  and  experience,  and  teachers  of  law 
in  some  of  the  leading  law  schools.  They  serve  without  compen- 
sation, and  in  most  instances  pay  their  own  expenses.  They  are 
united  in  a  permanent  organization,  under  a  constitution  and 
by-laws,  and  annually  elect  a  president,  a  vice-president,  a  secre- 

(601) 


692  COMMISSIONERS   ON   UNIFORM   STATE  LAWS. 

tary,  and  a  treasurer.  The  Commissioners  meet  in  annual  con- 
ference at  the  same  place  as  the  American  Bar  Association,  usu- 
ally for  four  or  five  days  immediately  preceding  the  meeting  of 
that  Association.  The  funds  necessary  for  carrying  on  the  work 
of  the  Conference  are  derived  from  contributions  from  some  of 
the  states  and  from  appropriations  made  by  the  American  Bar 
Association.  The  record  of  the  activities  of  the  Conference,  the 
reports  of  its  committees,  and  its  approved  acts  are  printed  in 
the  annual  Proceedings.  The  approved  acts,  sometimes  with 
annotations,  are  also  printed  in  separate  pamphlet  form. 

The  origin  of  the  Conference  is,  briefly,  this:  In  1889  the 
American  Bar  Association  appointed  a  special  committee  on 
Uniform  State  Laws.  In  1890  the  legislature  of  the  State  of 
New  York  adopted  an  act  authorizing  the  appointment  of  "  com- 
missioners for  the  promotion  of  uniformity  of  legislation  in  the 
United  States,'*  whose  duty  it  was  to  examine  certain  subjects 
of  national  importance  that  seem  to  conflict  among  the  laws  of 
the  several  commonwealths,  to  ascertain  the  best  means  to  effect 
an  assimilation  and  uniformity  in  the  laws  of  the  states,  and 
especially  whether  it  would  be  advisable  for  the  State  of  New 
York  to  invite  the  other  states  of  the  union  to  send  representa- 
tives to. a  convention  to  draft  uniform  laws  to  be  submitted  for 
the  approval  and  adoption  of  the  several  states.  In  the  same 
year,  a  special  committee  of  the  American  Bar  Association,  after 
reciting  the  action  of  New  York,  reported  a  resolution  that  the 
Association  recommend  the  passage  by  each  state  and  by  Congress 
for  the  District  of  Columbia  and  the  territories,  of  a  law  provid- 
ing for  the  appointment  of  Commissioners  to  confer  with  Com- 
missioners from  other  states  on  the  subject  of  uniformity  in  legis- 
lation on  certain  subjects.  As  a  result  of  the  action  of  New  York, 
of  the  recommendation  of  the  American  Bar  Association,  and  of 
the  efforts  of  various  interested  persons,  the  first  Conference  of 
Commissioners  was  held  in  August,  1892,  at  Saratoga.  N.  Y., 
for  three  days  immediately  preceding  the  annual  meeting  of 
the  American  Bar  Association.  Since  that  time,  thirty  Con- 
ferences have  been  held.  While  in  the  first  Conference  but  nine 
states  were  represented,  since  1912  all  the  states,  territories,  the 


KSMOBANDUH  0]?  8BCBXTASY.  693 

District  of  Columbia^  Porto  Eico,  and  the  Philippine  Islands 
have  been  oiBoially  represented. 

The  object  of  the  Conference,  as  stated  in  its  Constitution,  is 
'^  to  promote  uniformity  in  state  laws  on  all  subjects  where  uni- 
formity is  deemed  desirable  and  practicable/'  The  Conference 
works  through  standing  and  special  committees.  In  recent  years 
all  proposals  of  subjects  for  legislation  are  referred  to  a  standing 
Committee  on  Scope  and  Program.  After  due  investigation,  and 
sometimes  a  hearing  of  parties  interested,  this  committee  reports 
whether  the  subject  is  one  upon  which  it  is  desirable  and  feasible 
to  draft  a  uniform  law.  If  the  Conference  decides  to  take  up 
the  subject,  it  refers  the  ^ame  to  a  special  committee  with  in- 
structions to  report  a  draft  of  an  act.  With  respect  to  some  of 
the  more  important  acts,  it  has  been  customary  to  employ  an  ex- 
pert draughtsman.  Tentative  drafts  of  acts  are  submitted  from 
year  to  year  and  are  discussed  section  by  section.  Each  uniform 
act  is  thus  the  result  of  one  or  more  tentative  drafts  subjected 
to  the  criticism,  correction,  and  emendation  of  the  Commis- 
sioners, who  represent  the  experience  and  judgment  of  a  select 
body  of  lawyers  chosen  from  every  part  of  the  United  States. 
When  finally  approved  by  the  Conference,  the  Uniform  Acta  are 
recommended  for  general  adoption  throughout  the  jurisdictions 
of  the  United  States  and  are  submitted  to  the  American  Bar 
Association  for  its  approval. 

The  Conference  has  drafted  and  approved  thirty-eight  acts. 
It  has  also  approved  seven  acts  drafted  by  other  organizations. 
Some  of  its  own  acts  have  been  by  Conference  action  declared 
obsolete  and  superseded,  leaving  at  present  a  total  of  thirty  acts 
being  recommended  for  adoption.  A  complete  list  of  all  acts 
drafted  and  approved,  of  acts  drafted  by  other  bodies  and  ap- 
proved by  the  Conference,  of  obsolete  and  superseded  acts,  and 
the  extent  to  which  the  acts  have  been  adopted  in  the  various 
jurisdictions  is  shown  in  appropriate  tables  on  pages  708,  709 
and  714. 

The  list  of  present  and  past  officers,  the  present  personnel  of 
the  Conference,  and  the  standing  and  special  committees  are  set 
forth  on  pages  695  and  700. 

As  an  aid  in  promoting  uniformity  of  judicial  interpretation 
of  the  various  acts,  the  Conference  has  fortunately  secured. 


694  COMHISSIOKBBS   ON   UNIFORM  6TATE  LAWS. 

through  the  efforts  and  able  editorship  of  Oommissioner  Charles 
Thaddeus  Terry,  of  New  York,  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Uniformity  of  Judicial  Decisions,  the  publication  in  a  single 
volume  by  Baker,  Voorhis  &  Co.,  of  New  York  City,  of  the  Uni- 
form Acts  with  full  annotations.  The  report  of  the  Committee 
on  Uniformity  of  Judicial  Decisions  to  the  1922  Conference 
brings  the  annotation  down  to  March  1,  1922. 


OFFICERS  OF  THE  CONFERENCE. 

RETIRING  OFFICERS. 

1921-1922. 

Hbnrt  Stockbridgb,  Room  132,  Court  House,  Baltimore,  Md.,  President. 
John  R.  Habdin,  Prudential  Building,  Newark,  N.  J.,  Vice-President, 
EuGBNB  A.  GiiiMORB,  Madispn,  Wis.,  Secretary, 
W.  O.  Hart,  134  Carondelet  St.,  New  Orleans,  La.,  Treasurer, 

OFFICERS  FOR  1922-1923. 

Nathan   Whuam   MagChbsnet,  30  N.  La  Salle  St.,  Chicago,  111., 

Presiaent, 
Eugene  C.  Massds,  1136  Mutual  Bldg.,  Richmond,  Va.,  Vice-President, 
George  G.  Bogebt,  College  of  Law,  Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  N.  Y., 

Secretary, 
W.  0.  Hart,  134  Carondelet  St.,  New  Orleans,  La.,  Treasurer. 

■ 

V 

STANDING  AND  SPECIAL  COMMITTEES  OF  THE 

CONFERENCE. 

1922-23. 

STANDING  COMMITTEES. 

1.  EzecnttTe. — Appointed  Members:  George  B.  Young,  116  State  St., 

Montpelier,  Vt.,  Chairman;  George  E.  Beers,  New  Haven,  Conn.; 
Jesse  A.  Miller,  Youngerman  Block,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  R.  E.  L. 
Saner,  Security  Natl.  Bank  Building,  Dallas,  Texas;  John  H. 
Voorhees,  Bailey-Ghdden  Building,  Sioux  Falls,  S.  D.  Ex-officio: 
Nathan  William  MacChesney,  30  N.  La  Salle  St.,  Chicago,  111., 
President;  Eugene  C.  Massie,  1136  Mutual  Building,  Richmond, 
Va.,  Vice-President;  George  G.  Bogert,  College  of  Law,  Cornell 
University,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  Secretary;  W.  O.  ELart,  134  Carondelet 
St.,  New  Orleans,  La.,  Treasurer;  Henry  Stockbridge.  Ex-President, 
11  N.  Calhoun  St.,  Baltimore,  Md.;  James  R.  Caton,  Alexandria, 
Va.,  Chairman  of  the  Commitee  on  Scope  and  Program. 

2.  Scope  and  Program. — (Elected.)    James  R.  Caton,  Alexandria,  Va., 

Chairman  (term  expires  1923) ;  Nathan  William  MacChesney,  30 
N.  La  Salle  St.,  Chicago,  HI.,  President,  Ex-oStdo;  Hollis  R. 
Bailey,  19  Congress  St.,  Boston,  Mass.  (term  expires  1923) ;  Ernst 
Freimd,  University  of  Chicago  Law  School,  Cnicago,  111.  (term 
expires  19^) ;  WilUam  M.  Hargest,  Harrisburg,  Pa.  (term  expires 
1924);  W.  C.  Kinkead,  Hynds  Building,  Cheyenne,  Wyo.  (term 
expires  1925);  C.  A.  Severance,  Merchants  Natl.  Bank  Building, 
St.  Paul,  Minn,  (term  expires  1925). 

(606) 


696  COMMISSIONERS   ON   UNIFORM   STATE  LAWS. 

3.  Publicity. — ^Rome  G.  Brown,  1006  Metropolitan  Life  Building,  Min- 

neapolis, Minn.,  Chairman;  Hugh  H.  Brown,  Tonopah,  Nev.; 
Walter  C.  Clephane,  Washington,  D.  C;  William  M.  Crook, 
Beaumont,  Texas;  Percy  V.  Long,  San  Francisco,  Cal.;  Thomas  J. 
O'Donnell,  822  Ernest  &  Cranmer  Block,  Denver,  Colo.;  W.  H. 
Washington,  Steger  Building,  Nashville,  Tenn. 

4.  Legislative. — John   H.  Voorhees,  Bailey-Glidden  Building,  Sioux 

Falls,  S.  D.,  Chairman;  Jefferson  P.  Chandler,  Union  Oil  Building, 
Los  Angeles,  Cal.;  Con  P.  Cronin,  State  House,  Phoenix,  Ariz.; 
Wade  Millis,  Ford  Building,  Detroit,  Mich.;  John  B.  Sanborn, 
Gay  Building,  Madison,  Wis.;  Henry  U.  Sims,  Birmingham,  Ala.; 
George  Weems  Williams,  Maryland  Trust  Building,  Baltimore,  Md. 

5.  On  Appointment  of  and  Attendance  by  Commissioners. — ^W.  O. 

Hart,  134  Carondelet  St.,  New  Orleans,  La.,  Chairman;  W.  H. 
Folland,  304  City  &  County  Building,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah;  M. 
J.  Hartley,  Allen  Building,  Xenia,  Ohio;  Chester  L  Long,  Wichita, 
Kan.;  P.  W.  Meldrim,  Court  House,  Savannah.  Ga.;  Gumey  E. 
Newlin,  Title  Ins.  Building,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.;  Henry  Stockbridge, 
11  N.  Calhoun  St.,  Baltimore,  Md. 


SPECIAL  COMMITTEES. 

1.  Legislative  Drafting. — Ernst  Freund,  University  of  Chicago  Law 

School,  Chicago,  III.,  Chairman;  Ashley  Cockrill,  Little  Rock, 
Ark.;  Con  P.  Cronin,  State  House,  Phoenix,  Ariz.;  James  P. 
McBaine,  Columbia,  Mo.;  John  B.  Sanborn,  Gay  Building,  Madi- 
son, Wis.:  James  M.  Satterfield,  Dover,  Del.;  J.  S.  Sexton,  Hazel- 
hurst,  Miss. 

2.  Uniformity  of  Judicial  Decisions. — Charles  Thaddeus  Terry,  100 

Broadway,  New  York  City,  Chairman;  Stephen  H.  Allen,  Topeka, 
Kan.;  William  M.  Hargest,  Harrisburg,  Pa.;  Charles  R.  Hollings- 
worth,  Ogden,  Utah;  Gus  C.  Moser,  Yeon  Building,  Portland, 
Ore.;  George  B.  Rose,  Little  Rock,  Ark.;  Charles  E.  Shepard,  803 
Leary  Building,  Seattle,  Wash. 

3.  Cooperation  with  the  American  Institute  of  Criminal  Law  and 

Criminology. — George  G.  Bogert,  College  of  Law,  Cornell  Uni- 
versity, Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  Chairman;  Harry  S.  Bowman.  Santa  Fe, 
N.  Mex.;  Walter  E.  Coe,  Stamford,  Conn.;  William  H.  Leary, 
Salt  Lake  City,  Utah;  Robert  E.  Manley,  Naga,  Camarines,  Philip- 
pine Islands;  Manuel  Rodriguez  Serra,  San  Juan,  Porto  Rico; 
C.  A.  Spaulding,  Helena,  Mont. 

4.  Cooperation  with  the  American  Judicature  Society. — George  G. 

Bogert,  College  of  Law,  Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  C/iatr- 
man;  W.  P.  Armstrong,  Bank  of  Commerce  Building,  Memphis, 
Tenn.;  Harry  L.  Cram,  102  Exchange  St.,  Portland,  Me.;  P.  W. 
Meldrim,  Court  House,  Savannah,  Ga.;  J.  H!ansell  Merrill, 
Thomasville,  Ga.;  W.  H.  Staake,  648  City  Hall,  Philadelphia, 
Pa.;  Hugh  E.  Willis,  Grand  Forks,  N.  D. 


SPECIAL   COKMITTBES.     '  697 

5.  Uniform  Commereid  Acto. — John  Hinkley,  215  N.  Charles  St., 

Baltimore,  Md.,  Chairman;  Christopher  L.  Avery,  Groton,  Conn.; 
Thomas  A.  Jenckes,  Turks  Head  Building,  Providence,  R.  I.; 
W.  H.  H.  Piatt,  Kansas  City,  Mo.;  Walter  George  Smith,  711 
Witherspoon  Building,  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  A.  T.  Stovall.  Okolona, 
Miss.;  Samuel  Williston,  Harvard  Law  School,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

6.  Unif  orm  Incorporation  AeL — Charles  Thaddeus  Terry,  100  Broad- 

way, New  York  City,  Chairman;  Austin  V.  Cannon,  1414  William- 
son Building,  Cleveland,  Ohio;  William  M.  Crook,  Beaumont, 
Texas;  Wade  Millis,  Ford  Building,  Detroit,  Mich.;  W.  L. 
Sturdevant,  Central  Natl.  Bank  Building,  St.  Louis,  Mo.;  Joseph 
J.  Thompson.  76  W.  Monroe  St.,  Chicago,  111.;  George  B.  Young, 
Montpelier,  Vt. 

7.  Uniform  Mor^a^o  Act. — S.  R.  Child,  1106  Lumber  Exchange,  Min- 

neapolis, Minn.,  Chairman;  Henry  M.  Bates,  Law  School,  Ann 
Arbor,  Mich.;  W.  F.  Bruell,  Redfield,  S.  D.;  George  M.  Hogan, 
St.  Albans,  Vt.;  Hazen  I.  Sawyer,  30  N.  4th  St.,  Keokuk,  Iowa; 
Hennr  U.  Sims,  7  Steiner  Building,  Birmingham,  Ala.;  W.  L. 
Sturdevant,  Central  Natl.  Bank  Building,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

8.  Uniform  Chattel  Mort^rAflre  Act. — George  M.  Hogan,  St.  Albans, 

Vt.,  Chairman;  George  G.  Bogert,  College  of  Law,  Cornell  Uni- 
versity, Ithaca,  N.  Y.;  Austin  Cannon,  1414  Williamson  Building, 
Cleveland,  Ohio;  Nellis  E.  Corthell.  Albany  Natl.  Bank  Building, 
Laramie,  Wyo.;  Earle  W.  Evans,  Wichita,  Kan.;  Bradner  W.  Lee, 
H.  W.  Hellman  Building,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.;  George  B.  Martin, 
Cattlettsburg,  Ky. 

9.  Uniform  Acknowledgment  of  InttrumenU  Acts. — Samuel  Willis- 

ton,  Harvard  Law  School,  Cambridge,  Mass.,  Chairman;  H.  A. 
Bronson,  Bismarck,  N.  D.;  Walter  E.  Coe,  Stamford,  Conn.;  Frank 
E.  Curley,  Tucson,  Ariz.;  M.  J.  Hartley,  Allen  Building,  Xenia, 
Ohio;  John  Hinkley,  215  N.  Charles  St.,  Paltimore,  Md.;  Gus  C. 
Moser,  Yeon  Building,  Portland,  Ore. 

10.  Uniform   Arbitration   Act. — Joseph   F.   O'Connell,   53   State   St. 

Boston,  Mass.,  Chairman;  Jefferson  P.  Chandler,  Union  Oil  Build 
ing,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.;  James  H.  Harkless,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Thomas  C.  McClellan,  Montgomery,  Ala.;  Jesse  A.  Miller,  Young 
erman  Block,  Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Ellison  G.  Smith,  Pierre,  S.  D. 
James  M.  Tunnell,  Georgetown,  Del. 

11.  Interstate  Comity. — Hugh  H.  Brown,  Tonopah,  Nev.,  Chairman; 

H.  A.  Bronson,  Bismarck,  N.  D.;  James  P.  McBaine,  Columbia, 
Mo. ;  Thomas  J.  O'Donnell,  822  Ernest  <fe  Cranmer  Bloclc,  Denver, 
Col.;  C.  A.  Severance,  Merchants'  Natl.  Bank  Building,  St.  Paul, 
Minn.;  Walter  George  Smith,  711  Witherspoon  Building.  Phila- 
delphia, Pa.;  John  H.  Wigmore,  31  West  Lake  St.,  Chicago,  lU. 

12.  Uniform  Act  Governing  the  Use  of  Highways  by  Vehicles.— 

John  R.  Hardin,  Prudential  Building,  Newark,  N.  J.,  Chairman; 
George  E.  Beers,  New  Haven,  Conn.;  Charles  V.  Imlay.  1416  F 
St.,  N.  W.,  Washington,  D.  C;  Thomas  A.  Jenckes,  Turks  Head 
Building,  Providence,  R.  I.;  Gumey  E.  Newlin,  Title  Ins.  Build- 
ing, Los  Angeles,  Cal.;  Fred  W.  Stow,  Fort  Collins,  Col.;  Adolph 
G.  Wolf,  San  Juan,  Porto  Rico. 


69f8  COMMISSIONERS   ON   UNIFORM   STATE  LAWS. 

13.  Uniform  Act  for  Compacts  and  Agreameiits  Between  States. — 

Merrill  Moores,  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  Choarman;  Hollis  R.  Bailey, 
19  Congress  St.,  Boston,  Mass.;  W.  P.  Bsmum,  Greensboro,  N.  C; 
Charles  M.  Duteher,  Iowa  City,  Iowa;  W.  E.  Mullen,  Cheyenne, 
Wyo.;  John  H.  Wigmore,  31  W.  Lake  St.,  Chicago,  Dl.;  Adolph 
G.  Wolf,  San  Juan,  Porto  Rico. 

14.  Uniform  Act  for  Securing  Compulsory  Attendance  of  Non-Resi- 

de.nt  Witnesses  in  Civil  and  Criminal  Cases. — George  Weems 
Willianis,  Maryland  Trust  Building,  Baltimore,  Md.,  Chairman; 
Christopher  L.  Avery,  Groton,  Conn.;  Allan  Chickering,  San 
Francisco,  Cal.;  F.  M.  Clevenger,  Wilmington,  Ohio;  James  B. 
Kerr,  1410  Yeon  Building,  Portland,  Ore.;  W.  C.  Kinkead,  Hynds 
Buildinff,  Cheyenne,  Wyo.;  J.  W.  Vandervort,  3d  &  Juliana  Sts., 
Parkersburg,  W.  Va. 

15.  Uniform  Drug  Act. — Charles  R.  Hollingsworth,  Ogden,  Utah,  C/uitr- 

man;  Nellis  E.  Corthell,  Albany  Natl.  Bank  Building,  Laramie, 
Wyo.;  ArtExu:  W.  Davis,  Spokane,  Wash.;  James  H.  Harkless, 
Kansas  City,  Mo.;  Percy  V.  Long,  San  Francisco,  Cal.;  R.  S. 
Thornton,  Alexandria,  La.;  H.  B.  Wilkinson,  Phoenix,  Arix. 

16.  Uniform    Act    for    the    Extradition    of    Persons    Charged    with 

Crime. — ^Bradner  W.  Lee,  H.  W.  Hellman  Building,  Los  Angeles, 
Cal.,  Chairman:  Harry  S.  Bowman,  Santa  Fe,  N.  Mex.;  W.  F. 
Bruell,  Redfield,  S.  D.;  George  B.  Martin.  Catlettsburg,  Ky.; 
John  G.  Sargent,  Ludlow,  Vt.;  C.  A.  Spaulaing,  Helena,  Mont.; 
W.  H.  Washmgton,  Steger  Building,  Nashville,  Tenn. 

17.  Uniform  Act  for  a  Tribunal  to  Determine  Industrial  Disputes. — 

Charles  M.  Duteher,  Iowa  City,  Iowa,  Chairman;  Henry  M. 
Bates,  Law  School,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.;  James  M.  Grskham,  Spring- 
field, 111.;  Chester  I.  Long;  Wichita,  Kan.;  Charles  E.  Shepara, 
803  Leary  Building,  Seattle,  Wash.;  Charles  Thaddeus  Teny,  100 
Broadway,  New  York  City;  J.  W.  Vandervort,  3d  &  Juliana  Sts., 
Parkersburg,  W.  Va. 

18.  Uniform  Act  on  the  Sutus  and  Protection  of  Illegitimate  ChiU 

dren. — ^Emst  Freimd,  University  of  Chicago  Law  School,  Chicago, 
III.,  Chairman;  W.  P.  Lord,  Jr.,  Lewis  Building,  Portland,  Ore.; 
Eugene  C.  Massie,  1136  Mutual  Building,  Richmond,  Va.;  Louis 
C.  Massey,  Orlando,  Fla.;  Julius  E.  Roehr,  595  Linwood  Ave., 
Milwaukee,  Wis.;  R.  E.  L.  Saner,  Security  Natl.  Bank  Building, 
Dallas,  Texas;  James  M.  Tunnell,  Georgetown,  Del. 

19.  Uniform  Act  for  One  Day's  Rest  in  Seven. — Carlos  C.  Alden, 

Marine  National  Bank  Building,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  Chairman;  Allan 
Chickering,  San  Fran£isco,  Cal.;  James  B.  Kerr,  1410  Yeon  Build- 
ing, Portland,  Ore.;  W.  A.  Morgan,  Providence,  R.  I.;  W.  H.  H. 
Piatt,  Kansas  City,  Mo.;  Frederick  S.  IVIer,  Metropolitan  Bank 
Building,  Waishington,  D.  C;  H.  B.  Wilkinson,  Phoenix,  Arii. 

20.  Uniform  Act  for  Joint  Parental  Guardianship  of  Children. — 

Joseph  J.  Thompson,  72  W.  Monroe  St.,  Chicago,  HI.,  Chairman; 
Carlos  C.  Alden,  Marine  Natl.  Bank  Building,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.; 
W.  P.  Armstrong,  Bank  of  Commerce  Building,  Memphis,  Tenn.; 
S.  R.  Child,  1106  Lumber  Exchange,  Minneapolis,  Minn.;  Ellison 
G.  Smith,  Pierre,  S.  D.;  F.  Dumont  Smith,  Hutchinson,  Kan.; 
R.  L.  TuIIis,  Louisiana  State  University,  Baton  Rouge,  La. 


SPECIAL  C0KMITTBE8.  699 

21.  Uniform  Child  Labor  Act. — ^Walter  C.  Clephane,  Wilkins  Building, 

Waahington,  D.  C,  Chairman;  Rome  G.  Brown,  1006  Metropoli- 
tan Life  Building,  Minneapolis,  Minn.;  Arthur  W.  Davis,  Spokane, 
Wash.;  Joseph  Madden,  Keene,  N.  H.;  John  R.  Hardin,  Prudential 
Building,  Newark,  N.  J.;  Joseph  F.  O'Connell,  53  State  St., 
Boston,  Mass.;  R.  S.  Thornton,  Alexandria,  La. 

22.  Uniform  DecUratorj  Judgmonto  Act.— James  R.  Caton,  Alex- 

andria, Va.,  Ckairman;  George  A.  Bourgeois,  Law  Building, 
Atlantic  City,  N.  J.;  T.  A.  Hammond,  Atlanta,  Ga«;  Charles  S. 
Lobingier,  Shanghai,  China;  D.  A.  G.  Ouzts,  Greenwood,  S.  C; 
Edgar  B.  Stewart,  Morgantown,  W.  Va.;  Ben  F.  Washer,  Louis- 
ville, Ky. 

23.  Uniform  Aviation  Act. — George  G.  Bogert,  College  of  Law,  Cor- 

nell University,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  Chairman;  Hennr  W.  Bates,  Law 
School',  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.;  F.  M.  Clevenger,  Wilmington,  Ohio; 
W.  H.  Folland.  304  City  &  County  Building,  Salt  Lake  City.  Utah ; 
Charles  V.  Imlay,  1416  F  St..  N.  W.,  Washington,  D.  C;  Haien  I. 
Sawyer,  30  N.  4th  St.,  Keokuk,  Iowa;  A.  T.  Stovall,  (^olona.  Miss. 

24.  Uniform  Primary  Act  for  Federal  Officers^ — James  M.  Graham, 

Springfield,  111.^  Chairman;  Frank  £.  Curley,  Tucson,  Aris.;  Earle 
W.  Evans,  Wichita,  Kan.;  Merrill  Moores,  Indianapolis,  Ind.; 
Charles  J.  Morrow,  Citizens  Bank  Building,  Tampa,  Fla.;  Willis 
L.  Strachan,  Colorado  Springs,  Col.;  Frederick  S.  Tyler,  Metro- 
politan Bank  Building,  Waabiiigton,  D.  C. 


LIST  OP 
COMMISSIONEBS  ON  UNIFORM  STATE  LAWS. 

1922-1923. 

Alabama.— Thomas  C.  McClellan,  Montgomeiy;  J.  Q.  Smith,  Mont- 
gomery; Hemy  U.  Sims,  7  Steiner  Building,  Birmingham;  J.  K. 
Dixon,  Talledega. 

Alaska.— John  A.  Clark,  Fairbanks;  W.  H.  Whittlessey,  Seward;  John  C. 
Murphy,  Juneau. 

Arizona. — Con  P.  Cronin,  State  House,  Phoenix ;  W.  J.  Galbraith,  Glen- 
dale;  H.  B.  Wilkinson,  Phoenix;  Frank  E.  Curley,  Tucson. 

Arkansas. — W.  H.  Arnold,  Texarkana;  George  B.  Rose,  Little  Rock; 
Ashley  Cockrill,  Little  Rock. 

Caupornia.— Bradner  W.  Lee,  H.  W.  Hellman  Bldg.,  Los  Angeles;  Jeffer- 
son P.  Chandler,  Union  Oil  Bldg.,  Los  Angeles;  Gumey  E.  Newhn, 
Title  Insurance  Bldg.,  Los  Angeles;  Percy  V.  Long,  San  Francisco; 
Allan  Chickering,  San  Francisco. 

Colorado.— Fred  W.  Stow,  Fort  Collins;  Willis  L.  Strachan,  Colorado 
Springs;  Thomas  J.  O'Donnell,  822  Ernest  &  Cranmer  Block,  Denver. 

CoNNBcricuT.— George  E.  Beers,  New  Haven;  Walter  E.  Coe,  Stamford; 
Christopher  L.  Avery,  Groton. 

Dblawarb.— D.  O.  Hastings,  Wilmington;  James  M.  Satterfield,  Dovfer; 
James  M.  Tunnell,  Georgetown. 

District  of  Columbia.— Walter  C.  Clephane,  Washington;  Charles  V. 
Imlay,  1416  F  St.  N.W.,  Washington;  Frederick  S.  Tyler,  Metro- 
politan Bank  Bldg.,  Washington. 

Florida.— Charles  J.  Morrow,  Citizens  Bank  Bldg.,  Tampa;  J.  M.  Carson, 
Miami ;  Louis  C.  Massey,  Orlando. 

Georgia. — P.  W.  Meldrim,  Court  House,  Savannah;  T.  A.  Hammond,' 
Atlanta;  J.  Hansell  Merrill,  Thomasville. 

Hawaii. — Harry  Irwin,  Honolulu;  E.  M.  Watson,  Honolulu. 

Idaho^ — Miles  S.  Johnson,  Lewiston;  John  W.  Jones,  Blackfoot;  Shad  L. 
Hodgin,  Twin  Falls. 

Ilunois.— Nathan  William  MacChesney,  30  N.  La  Salle  St.,  Chicago; 
Ernst  Freund,  University  of  Chicago,  Chicago ;  John  H.  Wigmore,  31 
W.  Lake  St.,  Chicago;  James  M.  Graham,  Springfield;  Joseph  J. 
Thompson,  76  W.  Monroe  St.,  Chicago. 

Indiana. — ^Thad  M.  Talcott,  Jr.,  Farmers  Trust  Bldg.,  South  Bend; 
Samuel  Parker,  South  Bend;  B.  F.  Heaton,  Ft.  Wajme;  Merrill 
Moores,  Indianapolis. 

Iowa. — ^Charles  M.  Dutcher,  Iowa  City;  Jesse  A.  Miller,  Youngerman 
Block,  Des  Moines;  Hazen  I.  Sawyer,  30  N.  4th  St.,  Keokuk. 

Kansas. — ^Stephen  H.  Allen,  Topeka;  Charles  W.  Smith,  State  House, 
Topeka;  F.  Dumont  Smith,  Hutchinson;  Earle  W.  Evans,  Wichita; 
Chester  I.  Long,  Wichita;  Karl  M.  Geddes,  El  Dorado. 

Kentucky.— Ben  F.  Washer,  Louisville;  George  B.  Martin,  Catletts- 
burg;  J.  B.  Snyder,  Williamsburg. 

IjOUIsuna.— W.  O.  Hart,  134  Carondelet  St.,  New  Orleans;  R.  S.  Thorn- 
ton, Alexandria;  R.  L.  TuUis,  Louisiana  State  University,  Baton 
Rouge. 

(700) 


LIST  OP   COMMISSIONERS.  701 

Maine.— Hany  L.  Cram,  102  Exchange  St.,  Portland;  H.  H.  Murchie, 

Calais. 
Maryland.— Henry  Stockbridge,  Room  132,  Court  House,  Baltimore; 

John  Hinkley,  215  N.  Charles  St.,  Baltimore;  George  Weems  Wil- 
liams, Maryland  Trust  Bldg.,  Baltimore. 
Massachusetts.— HoUis  R.  Bailey,  9  Congress  St.,  Boston;   Samuel 

Williston,  Harvard  Law  School,  Cambridge;  Joseph  F.  O'Connell, 

53  State  St.»  Boston. 
Michigan.— Wade  Millis,  Ford  Bldg.,  Detroit;  Henry  M.  Bates,  Law 

School,  Ann  Arbor. 
Minnesota.— Rome  G.  Brown,  1006  Metropolitan  Life  Bldg.,  Minne- 
apolis; S.  R.  Child,  1106  Lumber  Exchange,  Minneapolis;  C.  A. 

Severance,  Merchants'  National  Bank  Bldg.,  St.  Paul. 
Mississippi.— A.  T.  Stovall,  Okolona;  R.  N.  Miller,  Hazlehurst;  0.  G. 

Johnston,  Clarksdale;   J.  S.  Sexton,  Hazlehurst;   W.  H.  Clifton, 

Aberdeen;  Leroy  Percy,  Greenville. 
Missouri. — James  P.  McBaine,  Columbia ;  Willis  L.  Sturdevant,  Central 

National  Bank  Bldg.,  St.  Louis;  W.  H.  H.  Piatt,  Kansas  City;  James 

H.  Harkless,  Kansas  City. 
Montana.— Charles  R.  Leonard,  Butte;  C.  A.  Spaulding,  Helena;  W.  F. 

OXeary,  Great  Falls. 
NBBRASKA.--Clarence  A.  Davis,  Lincoln;   Edward  F.  Leary,  Omaha; 

Arthur  R.  Wells,  Omaha. 
Nevada.— E.  E.  Caine,  Elko;  Hugh  H.  Brown,  Tonopah;  H.  Homer 

Mooney,  Carson  City;  Frank  H.  Norcross,  Reno. 
New  Hampshire.— Joseph  Madden,  Keene;  Ira  A.  Chase,  Bristol;  D. 

Arthur  Taggart,  Merchants'  Bank  Bldg.,  Manchester. 
New  Jersey.— John  R.  Hardin,  Prudential  Bldg.,  Newark;  Mark  A. 

Sullivan,  15  Exchange  Place,  Jersey  City;  George  A.  Bourgeois,  Law 

Bldg.,  Atlantic  City. 
New  Mexico.— C.  M.  Botts,  Albuquerque;  Harry  S.  Bowman,  Santa  Fe; 

S.  B.  Davis,  Jr.,  Las  Vegas ;  Felix  Baca,  Albuquerque. 
New  York.— Charles  Thaddeus  Terry,  100  Broadway,  New  York  City; 

Carlos  C.  Alden,  Marine  Natl.  Bank  Bldg.,  Buffalo;  G.  G.  Bogert, 

College  of  Law,  Ithaca. 
North  Carouna. — J.  D.  Murphy,  AsheviUe;  J.  Crawford  Biggs,  Raleigh; 

W.  P.  Bynum,  Greensboro. 
North  Dakota.— H.  A.  Bronson,  Bismarck;  R.  H.  Grace,  Bismarck; 

Hugh  E.  Willis,  Grand  Forks. 
Ohio. — A.  V.  Cannon,  1414  Williamson  Bldg.,  Cleveland;  M.  J.  Hartley, 

Allen  Bldg.,  Xenia;  F.  M.  Clevenger,  Wilmington. 
Oklahoma.— Frank  Dale,  Guthrie;  J.  C.  Stone,  Muskogee;  Oliver  C. 

Black,  Oklahoma  City. 
Oregon.— Gus  C.  Moser,  Yeon  Bldg.,  Portland;  W.  P.  Lord,  Jr.,  Lewis 

Bldg.,  Portland ;  James  B.  Kerr,  1410  Yeon  Bldg.,  Portland. 
PtoiNSYLVANU.— W.  H.  Staake,  648  City  Hall,  Philadelphia;   W.  M. 

Hargest,  Harrisburg;  Walter  George  Smith,  711  Witherspoon  Bldg., 

PhiUdelphia. 
Philippine  Islands. — Charles  S.  Lobingier,  Shanghai,  China;  Julian  A. 

Wolfson,  65  Juan  Luna  St.,  Binando^  Manila;  Robert  E.  Manley, 

Naga,  Camarines. 
Porto  Rioo.— Manuel  Rodriguez  Serra,  San  Juan;  Adolph  G.  Wolf,  San 

Juan. 
Rhode  Island.- Thomas  A.  Jenckes,  Turks  Head  Bldg..  Providence; 

WiUiam  B.  Greenough,  32  Westminster  St.,  Providence;   W.  A. 

Morgan,  Providence. 


702  COMHISSIONBRS   ON   UNIFORM   STATB  LAWS. 

South  Cabouna.— J.  E.  McDonald,  Winnsboro;  H.  B.  Carlisle,  Spartan- 
burg; D.  A.  G.  0u2t8,  Greenwood. 

South  DAKOTA^-John  H.  Voorhees,  Bailey-Glidden  Bldg.,  Sioux  Falls; 
W.  F.  Bruell,  Redfield;  Ellison  G.  Smith,  Pierre. 

Tennebsbb.— W.  H.  Washington,  Steger  Bldg.,  Nashville;  Thad  A.  Cox, 
Johnson  City;  Walter  P.  Armstrong,  Bank  of  Commerce  Bldg.> 
Meniphis. 

Texas. — William  M.  Crook,  Beaumont;  Claude  Pollard,  Houston;  R.  £. 
L.  Saner,  Security  Natl.  Bank  Bldg.,  Dallas. 

Utah.—W.  H.  Folland,  304  City  &  County  Bldg.,  Salt  Lake  City; 
Charles  R.  Hollingsworth,  Ogden;  William  H.  Leary,  Salt  Lake  City. 

Vermont.— John  G.  Sargent,  Ludlow;  George  B.  Young,  116  State  St., 
Montpelier;  George  M.  Hpgan,  St.  Albans. 

ViRGiNU.— Eugene  C.  Massie,  1136  Mutual  Bldg.,  Richmond;  James  R. 
Caton,  Alexandria;  Stuart  B.  Campbell^  Wytheville. 

Washington.— Charles  E.  Shepard,  803  Leary  Bldg.,  Seattle;  Arthur  W. 
Davis,  Spokane;  Alfred  Battle,  901  Alaska  Bldg.,  Seattle. 

West  VmaiNU.— Edgar  B.  Stewart,  Morgantown;  F.  N.  Alderson,  Rich- 
wood;  J.  W.  Vandervort,  3d  &  Juliana  Sts.,  Parkersburg;  Douglas 
W.  Brown,  Huntington;  E.  T.  England,  Charleston. 

Wisconsin  .—Eugene  A.  Gilmore,  Law  School,  Madison;  John  B.  San- 
bom,  Gay  Bldg.,  Madison;  Julius  E.  Roehr,  595  Linnwood  Ave., 
Milwaukee. 

Wyoming.— W.  E.  Mullen,  Cheyenne;  Wm.  C.  Kinkead,  Hsmds  Bldg., 
Cheyenne;  Nellis  E.  Corthell,  Albany  Natl.  Bank  Bldg.,  Laramie. 


COMMISSIONERS  IN  ATTENDANCE  AT  THE  THIRTY- 
SECOND  ANNUAL  CONFERENCE. 

Abizona.— Con  P.  Cronin,  Phoenix;  Frank  E.  Curley,  Tucson;  H.  B. 
Wilkinson,  Phoenix. 

Calipornia.— Gurnw  E.  Newlin,  Loa  Angeles;  Percv  V.  Long,  San  Fran- 
cisco; Bradner  W.  Lee,  Los  Angeles;  Jeff.  P.  Chandler,  Los  Angeles. 

CoLOBADO.— Thomas  J.  O'Donnell,  Denver. 

Connecticut.— George  E.  Beers,  New  Haven;  Walter  E.  Coe,  Stamford; 
Christopher  L.  Avery,  Groton. 

Delaw ABB.— James  M.  Tunnell,  Georgetown. 

District  of  Columbu.— Frederick  S.  Tyler,  Washington;  Walter  C. 
Clephane,  Wasiiington. 

Ilunois.— Nathan  William  MacCbesney,  Chicago;  Ernst  Freund,  Chi- 
cago; Joseph  J.  Thompson,  Cliicago. 

Indiana.— Merrill  Moores,  Indianapolis. 

Iowa.— Hazen  I.  Sawyer,  Keokuk;  Charles  M.  Dutcher,  Iowa  City; 
Jesse  A.  Miller,  Des  Moines. 

KANSASr— Earle  W.  Evans,  Wichita ;  Chester  I.  Long,  Wichita. 

Kentucky.— George  B.  Martin,  Catlettsburg. 

LouisuNAw— W.  O.  Hart,  New  Orleans;  R.  S.  Thornton,  Alexandria. 

Mabtland. — George  Weems  Williams,  Baltimore;  John  Hinkley,  Bal- 
timore. 

Massachusetts.— Samuel  Williston,  Cambridge;  Joseph  F.  O'Connell, 
Boston. 

Michigan.— Wade  Millis,  Detroit;  Henry  M.  Bates,  Aim  Arbor. 

Minnesota.— C.  A.  Severance,  St.  Paul;  S.  R.  Child,  Minneapolis; 
Rome  G.  Brown,  Minneapolis. 

Missouri.- W.  L.  Sturdevant,  St.  Louis;  James  H.  Haricless,  Kansas 
City;  W.  H.  H.  Piatt,  Kansas  City. 

Montana.— C.  A.  Spaulding,  Helena. 

Nevada.— H.  H.  Brown,  Tonopali ;  Frank  H.  Norcross,  Reno. 

New  Mexico.— Harry  8.  Bowman,  Santa  Fe. 

New  York.— Charles  Thaddeus  Terry,  New  York;  George  G.  Bogert, 
Ithaca;  Carlos  C.  Alden,  Buffalo. 

North  Dakota.— H.  A.  Bronson,  Bismarck. 

Ohio.— F.  M.  Clevenger,  Wilmington;  M.  J.  Hartley,  Xenia. 

Gbboon.— Gus  C.  Moser,  Portland;  James  B.  Kerr,  Portland. 

Pbnnsylvanu. — Walter  George  Smith,  Philadelphia;  William  M. 
Hargest,  Harrisburg. 

PoBTO  Rico.— Adolph  G.  Wolf,  San  Juan. 

Rhode  Island^ — ^Thomas  A.  Jenckes,  Providence. 

South  Dakota.— John  H.  Voorhees,  Sioux  Falls. 

Tennessee.- Walter  P.  Armstrong,  Memphis. 

Texas.— R.  E.  L.  Saner,  Dallas;  Wm.  M.  Crook,  Beaumont. 

Utah  .-Charles  R.  Hollingsworth,  Ogden. 

Vebmont.— George  B.  Young,  Montpelier;  George  M.  Hogan,  St.  Albans. 

VmoiNiA.— >Eugene  C.  Maasie,  Richmond ;  James  R.  Caton,  Alexandria. 

Washington. — Charles  E.  Shepard,  Seattle;  Arthur  W.  Davis,  Spokane. 

West  Vibginu.— James  W.  Vandervort,  Parkersburg. 

Wisconsin^— John  B.  Sanborn,  Madison. 

Wyoming/— W.  C.  Kinkead,  Cheyenne;  N.  E.  Corthell,  Laramie. 

23  (703) 


COMMISSIONEBS  WHO  CEASED  TO  BE  MEMBERS  OP 
THE  CONFERENCE  BETWEEN  THE  CLOSE  OP 
THE  1921  CONPERENCE  AND  THE  OPENING  OP 
THE  1922  CONPERENCE. 

Alabama.— T.  M.  Stevens,  Mobile. 

Gauvobnia. — Beverly  Hodghead,  San  Francisco. 

Indiana. — Samuel  Pickens,  Indianapolis. 

Kansas  J— Charles  L.  Kagey,  Beloit. 

MiCHiQAN.— Edward  Cahill,  Lansing,  deceased. 

MissouBi.— Alexander  H.  Bobbins,  St.  Louis,  deceased. 

Montana.— Louis  J.  Sanders,  Butte;  Stephen  J.  Cowley,  Great  Falls; 

J.  B.  Roote,  Butte. 
Nebbaska.— Thomas  J.  Doyle,  Lincoln;   J.  A.  C.  Kennedy,  Omaha; 

Addison  £.  Sheldon,  Lincoln;  J*.  L.  Webster,  Omaha. 
Nevada. — A.  E.  Cheney,  Reno,  deceased;  E.  £.  Caine,  Elko. 
Obegon. — H.  H.  Emmons,  Portland. 
South  Dakota.— Charles  S.  Whiting,  Pierre,  deceased. 
Texas r—H.  W.  Head,  Sherman,  deceased. 
ViBGiNiA.— John  W.  Stephenson,  Warm  Springs,  deceased. 
WASHmoTON.— Alfred  Battle,  Seattle. 
West  Vibginu.— S.  C.  Jackson,  Clarksburg,  deceased. 

NEW  COMMISSIONERS  APPOINTED  SINCE  THE 

1921  CONPERENCE. 

ABizoNA.^-Frank  E.  Curley,  Tucson. 

Califobnia.— Percy  V.  Long,  San  Francisco;   Allan  Chickering,  San 

Francisco. 
Kansas.— <!!he6ter  I.  Long,  Wichita;  Karl  M.  Geddes,  El  Dorado. 
Maine. — ^H.  H.  Murchie,  Calais. 
Michigan. — ^Henry  M.  Bates,  Ann  Arbor. 
MiBsouBi.— W.  H.  H.  Piatt,  Kansas  City;  James  H.  Harkless,  Kansas 

City. 
Montana.— Charles  R.  Leonard,  Butte;  C.  A.  Spaulding,  Helena;  W.  F. 

OTieary,  Great  Falls. 
Nebbaska.— Clarence  A.  Davis,  Lincoln;   Edward  F.  Leary,  Omaha; 

Arthur  R.  Wells,  Omaha. 
Nevada. — Homer  Mooney,  Carson  City;  Frank  H.  Norcross,  Reno. 
New  Mexico.- Harry  Bowman,  Santa  Fe. 
South  Dakota.— Ellison  G.  Smith,  Pierre. 
ViBGiNiA.— Stuart  B.  Campbell,  Wsrtheville. 
West   Vibginia.— Douglas   W.   Brown,   Huntington;    £.   T.   England, 

Charleston. 


(704) 


SUMMARY  OP  THE  PROCEEDINGS  OP  THE  THIRTY- 
SECOND  ANNUAL  CONFERENCE. 

The  Thiity-Seoond  Annual  Conference  of  Commissioners  on  Uniform 
State  Laws  was  held  at  San  Francisco,  Cal^  August  2-8,  1922.  Thirty- 
seven  jurisdictions  were  represented.  The  names  of  these  jurisdictions 
and  the  Commissioners  representing  them  are  on  page  703.  The 
Conference  was  called  to  order  by  Secretiuy  Sanborn  in  the  absence 
of  President  Stockbhdge  and  Vice-President  Hardin.  The  following 
program  with  some  modifications  was  carried  out : 

PROGRAM. 

WbDNBSDAT,  AUGfUST  2. 

10.30  A.  M.    Meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee. 

2.00  P.  M.     FiBST  SB88I0N. 

Address  of  Welcome. 

Response  of  Temporary  Chairman. 

Rolf  Call. 

Reading  of  the  Minutes  of  the  Last  Meeting. 

Address  of  the  President,  read  by  James  R.  Caton. 

Report  of  the  Secretary. 

Report  of  the  Treasurer. 

Report  of  the  Executive  Committee. 

Appointment  of  the  Nominating  Committee. 

Reports  of  Standinj^  Committees. 

Publicity  Committee. 

Legislative  Committee. 

Committee  on  Appointment  of  and  Attendance  by  Commissionos. 
Presentation  and  consideration  of  the  reports  of  the  following  special 
committees  not  presenting  drafts  of  acts: 

TVibunal  to  Settle  Industrial  Disputes. 

Interstate  Compacts. 

Chattel  Mortgages. 

Marriase  and  Divorce. 

Use  of  Midways  by  Vehicles. 

Co-operation  with  American  Institute  of  Criminal  Law  and  Crimi- 
nology. 

Co-operation  with  American  Judicature  Society. 

One  i>ay'8  Rest  in  Seven. 

Marking  and  Labeling  Act. 

Drujg^  Act. 

Lejpslative  Drafting. 

Primary  Act  for  federal  Officers. 

Acknowledgments. 

SJOO  P.  M.    Second  Session. 
Consideration  of 
Report  of  Committee  on  Scope  and  Program.^ 
Report  of  Committee  on  Uniformity  of  Judicial  Decisions. 
Report  of  Nominating  Committee. 

(705) 


706  COllMISSIONEBS   OK  UKIFOBM   STATS  LAWS. 

Thitbsdat,  AxrousT  3. 

0.00  A.  M.    Third  Session. 
Consideration  of 

Ninth  Tentative  Draft  of  a  Uniform  Incorporation  Act. 
Adjourn  at  11  A.  M.  for  tour  of  San  Francisco  and  luncheon  at 
Cliff  House. 

2^  P.  M.    Fourth  SssaioN. 
Consideration  of 
Third  Tentative  Draft  of  a  Uniform  Declaratory  Judgments  Act. 
Second  Tentative  Draft  of  a  Uniform  Act  on  the  Status  and  Pro- 
tection of  Illegitimate  Children. 

• 

8.00  P.  M.    Fifth  Session. 
Consideration  of 
Second  Tentative  Draft  of  a  Uniform  Act  on  the  Status  and  Pro- 
tection of  Illegitimate  Children. 

Friday,  August  4. 

0.00  A.  M.    Sixth  Session. 
Consideration  of 
Second  Tentative  Draft  of  a  Uniform  Mortgage  Act. 
Second  Tentative  Draft  of  a  Uniform  Aviation  Act. 

2.00  P.  M.    Seventh  Session. 
Consideration  of 

Second  Tentative  Draft  of  a  Uniform  Aviation  Act. 
Dinner  for  all  members  of  the  Conference  at  the  Commercial  Club, 
7  P.  M.,  as  guests  of  the  Commercial  Club,  California  Bar  Asso- 
ciation and  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

Satxtrdat,  August  5. 

9J00  A.  M.    Eighth  Session. 
Consideration  of 

Report  of  Committee  on  Uniform  Commercial  Acts. 
Adjournment  at  10^  for  trip  to  Mt.  Tamalpais. 

Monday,  August  7. 

0.30  A.  M.    Ninth  Session. 
Consideration  of 
Second  Tentative  Draft  of  a  Uniform  Fiduciaries  Act. 

2.00  P.  M.    Tenth  Session. 
Consideration  of 
First  Tentative  Draft  of  a  Uniform  Arbitration  Act. 
First  Tentative  Draft  of  a  Uniform  Act  o^  Joint  Parental  Guard- 
ianship. 

8.00  P.  M.    Eleventh  Session. 
Consideration  of 
First  Tentative  Draft  of  an  Act  for  Securing  Compulsory  Attend- 
ance of  Non-Resident  Witnesses  in  Civil  and  Criminal  Cases. 
First  Tentative  Draft  of  a  Uniform  Act  for  the  Extradition  of 
Persons  Charged  with  Crime. 


SUHKABY  OF  THB  PB0CEEDING8.  70? 

TVWBDAT,  AVQUST  8. 
7^  P.  M.     TWBLfTH  8B88I0N. 

Unfinished  BuaineM. 

The  report  of  the  Committee  on  Appointment  of  and  Attendance  by 
Commiflsioners  showed  changes  in  the  personnel  of  the  Conference  since 
the  last  meeting.   These  changes  are  indicated  on  the  table  on  page  704. 

According  to  the  report  of  the  Legislative  Committee  there  were  four 
adoptions  of  the  Uniform  Acts  in  1922,  as  follows: 

Mabtland. — ^Foreign  Depositions  Act. 

Masbachubbtts.— Partnership  Act. 

New  YoBK.r— Conditional  Sales  Act  and  Limited  Partnership  Act. 

A  complete  table  showing  all  the  acts  promulgated  by  the  Conference 
and  the  extent  to  which  they  have  been  adopted  by  the  various  states 
is  shown  on  page  709. 

Final  drafts  of  the  Uniform  Fiduciaries  Act,  Uniform  Illegitimacy 
Act,  Uniform  Declaratory  Judgments  Act,  and  Uniform  State  Law  for 
Aeronautics  were  approved  by  the  Conference  and  recommended  to  the 
state  legislatures  for  adoption. 

The  Conference  also  approved  amendments  to  Sections  S2  and  88  of 
the  Uniform  Sales  Act  and  Sections  20,  40  and  47  of  the  Warehouse 
Receipts  Act  in  order  to  harmonise  the  Uniform  Bills  of  Lading  Act, 
Uniform  Sales  Act  and  Uniform  Warehouse  Receipts  Act  and  also  to 
correct  what  was  believed  to  be  an  imfortuinate  provision  in  the  Ware* 
house  Receipts  Act  with  respect  to  the  liability  of  warehousemen  for 
receipts  issued  wrongfully  by  an  agent. 

Tentative  drafts  of  the  following  Acts  were  discussed  and  were  referred 
to  the  respective  Committee  ior  reconsideration: 

Uniform  Act  for  Securing  Compulsory  Attendance  of  Non-Resident 

Witnesses. 
Uniform  Mortgage  Act. 

Uniform  Act  Relating  to  Joint  Parental  Guardianship  of  Children. 
Uniform  Act  for  the  Extradition  of  Persons  Charged  with  Crime. 
Uniform  Arbitration  Act. 

A  new  committee  was  appointed  on  the  Inter-State  Comity. 

The  Committee  on  the  Uniform  Chattel  Mortgage  Act  reported  that 
the  draughtsmen  employed  by  it  had  accumulated  a  large  amount  of 
material  regarding  chattel  mortgage  law  in  the  various  states  and 
would  present  a  first  tentative  draft  of  an  Act  at  the  next  Conference. 

Announcement  was  made  of  the  death  of  the  following  Commissioners: 
Edward  Cahill,  Lansing,  Mich.;  A.  E.  Cheney,  Reno,  Nev.;  H.  W.  Head, 
Sherman,  Nev.;  S.  C.  Jackson,  Clarksburg,  W.  Va.;  Alexander  H. 
Robbins,  St.  Louis,  Mo.;  John  W.  Stephenson,  Warm  Springs,  Va.; 
Charles  S.  Whiting,  Pierre,  S.  D. 


708 


COHMlSStONEHS   ON  UNIFORM  6TATB  LAWS. 


UNIFORM  ACTS  DRAFTED  AND  APPROVED  BY  THE  CON- 
FERENCE, THE  YEAR  OF  APPROVAL,  AND  THE  NUMBER 
OF  JURISDICTIONS  ADOPTING  EACH  ACT. 


Tear  of 
Name.  approral. 

Acknowledgments  Act 1802 

Acknowledgments  Acts,  Foreign  1014 

Aeronautics  Act   1922 

Bills  of  Lading  Act 1909 

Child  Labor  Act  1911 

Cold  Storage  ,Act  1914 

Conditional  Sales  Act  ! 1918 

Declaratory  Judgments  Act 1922 

Depositions  Act  1920 

Desertion  and  Non-Support  Act  1910 

Extradition  of  Persons  of  Unsound  Mind 1916 

Fiduciaries  Act 1922 

Flag  Act   1917 

Fraudulent  Conveyance  Act   1918 

Illegitimacy  Act   1922 

Land  Registration  Act  1916 

Limited  Partnership  Act  1916 

Marriage  and  Marriage  License  Act 1911 

Marriage  Evasion  Act 1912 

Negotiable  Instruments  Act 1896 

Occupational  Diseases  Act  1920 

Partnership  Act  1914 

Proof  of  Statutes  Act  1920 

Sales  Act  1906 

Stock  Transfer  Act   1909 

Vital  Statistics  Act   1920 

Warehouse  Receipts  Act 1906 

Wills  Acts,  Foreign  Executed   1910 

Wills  Acts,  Foreign  Probated  1915 

Workmen's  Compensation  Act 1914 

Total— 30 


No.  of 

juris- 
dictlont 
enacting. 

10 
6 

■  « 

25 
4 
6 
8 

«  ■ 

6 
12 

8 

•  * 

6 

11 

«  « 

3 
12 

2 

5 
51 

•  • 

14 

4 
25 
15 

«  • 

48 
7 
4 
3 


Acts  Drafted  by  Othbr  Organizations  and  Appboved  by 

THE  Conference. 

In  addition  to  the  acts  included  in  the  foregoing  table,  the  foUowing 
acts,  drafted  by  other  organizations,  have  been  approved  by  the 
Conference: 

An  Act  Regulating  Annulment  of  Marriage  and  Divorce;  approved 

in  1907;  enacted  in  Delaware,  New  Jersey,  and  Wisconsin. 
An  Act  Providing  for  Return  of  Statistics  Relating  to  Divorce 

Proceedings;  approved  in  1907;  enacted  in  Louisiana  (1908). 
An  Act  Providing  for  Return  of  Marriage  Statistics;  approved  in 

1907;  enacted  in  Louisiana  (1910). 
Federal  Pure  Food  Law;  approved  in  1909;  enacted  in  Kentucky 

and  Louisiana. 
Federal  Pure  Food  Law  Amendment;  approved  in  1913.     . 
Standard  Bill  for  Occupational  Disease  Reports;  approved  in  1914. 
Standard  Bill  for  Industrial  Accident  Reports;  approved  in  1914. 


8ui£mary  op  thb  pbogbedinqs.  709 

Acts  Dbatted  and  Approved  by  the  Conference  Which 
Have  Been  Declared  Obsolete  or  Superseded/ 

An  Act  Relating  to  the  Sealing  and  Attestation  of  Deeds  and  Other 

Written  InstrumentB;  approved  1802.    Obsolete. 
An  Act  Relating  to  the  Execution  of  Wills;  approved  1892  and  again 
in  1805. 

Adopted  in  Utah,  with. modifications,  in  1907. 
Superseded  in  1910  by  Uniform  Foreign  Executed  Wills  Act 
which  is  identical  with  the  old  act  of  1895. 
An  Act  Relative  to  the  Probate  in  this  State  of  Foreign.  Wills;  ap- 

S roved  1892  and  again  in  1895.     Adopted,  in  Massachusetts, 
lichigan,  New  York,  Utah,*  Washington,  Wisconsin,  Alaska. 
Superseded  in  1915  by  Uniform  Foreign  Probate  Wills  Act. 
An  Act  as  to  Promissory  Notes,  Checks,  Drafts,  and  Bills  of  Exchange 
(Day  of  Grace);  approved  1892.     Adopted  in  Indiana,  Iowa, 
Maine,  Philippine  Elands. 

Superseded  by  the  Uniform  Negotiable  Instruments  Act. 
A  Table  of  Weights  and  Measures;  approved  1892.    Obsolete. 
An  Act  to  Establish  a  Law  Uniform  with  the  Laws  of  Other  States 
Relative  to  Divorce  Procedure  and  Divorce  from  the  Bonds  of 
Matrimony;   approved  1900. 

Superseded  m  1901  by  the  two  following  Acts: 

An  Act  to  Establish  a  Law  Uniform  with  the  Laws  of 

Other    States    Relative    to    Migratory    Divorce. 

Adopted  in  Wisconsin. 

An  Act  to  Establish  a  Law  Uniform  with  the  Laws  of 

Other  States  Relative  to  Divorce  Procedure  and 

Divorce  from  the  Bonds  of  Matrimony.    Adopted 

in  Delaware  and  Wisconsin. 

The  last  two  acts  are  supers^ed  by  An  Act  Regulating 

Annulment  of  Marriage  and  Divorce,  approved  in  1907. 

An  Act  to  Establish  a  Law  Uniform  with  the  Laws  of  Other  States 

Relative  to  Insurance  Policies;  approved  1901.    Obsolete. 
Compulsory  Work  Act;  approved  1918.    Obsolete. 


List  of  States  Showing  the  Uniform  Acts 

Adopted  Therein. 

NoTB.— The  star  (*)  indicates  that  the  Uniform  Act  has  been  adopted 
with  modifications. 

Alabama. 

Desertion  and  Non-Support  Act  (1915) ;  Negotiable  Instruments  Act 
(1909);  Warehouse  Heceipts  Act  (1915).    Total,  3. 

Bills  of  Lading  Act  (1921);  Conditional  Sales  Act  (1919);  Flag  Act 
(1919);  Foreign  Depositions  Act  (1921);  Fraudulent  Convey- 
ance Act  (1919);  Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1913);  Proof  oi 
Statutes  Act  (1921);  Sales  Act  (1913);  Warehouse  Receipts  Act 
(1921).   Total,  7. 


^For  the  action  of  the  Conference  concerning  the  above  acts  see 
Proceedings,  1920,  pages  89,  90,  223-235.    Proceedings,  1919,  pages  71-74. 


710  COMMISSIONERS   ON  UNIPOKM   STATE  LAWS. 


Abkanbas. 

Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1913) ;  Warehouse  Receipts  Act  (1015). 
Total  2. 

Galifx>rnia. 

Bills  of  Lading  Act  (1015);  Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1017); 
Warehouse  Receipts  Act  (1009).    Tojtal,  3.. 

Colorado. 

Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1807) ;  Warehouse  Receipts  Act  (1011). 
Total  2. 

CvONUECTICtPP 

Bills  of  Lading  Act  (1011);  Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1807); 
Sales  Act  (1007);  Stock  Transfer  Act  (1017);  Warehouse  Re- 
ceipts Act  (1007).    Total.  5. 

Delaware. 

Conditional  Sales  Act  (1010) ;  Fraudulent  Convejrance  Act  (1000) ; 
Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1011);  Warehouse  Receipts  Act 
(1017) ;  Divorce  Procedure  Act  of  1001;  Annulment  of  Marriage 
and  Divorce  Act  of  1007.    Tot^l,  6. 

Florida. 

Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1807) ;  Warehouse  Receipts  Act  (1017). 
ToUl.  2. 

Georgia. 

Land  Registration  Act  (1017).*    Total,  1. 

Idaho. 

Bills  of  Lading  Act  (1015) ;  Limited  Partnership  Act  (1010) ;  Nego- 
tiable Instruments  Act  (1003);  Partnership  Act  (1000);  Ssdes 
Act  (1010);  Warehouse  Receipts  Act  (1015);  Workmen's  Com- 
pensation Act  (1017).*    Total,  7. 

Illinois. 

Bills  of  Lading  Act  (1011) ;  Cold  Storage  Act  (1017) ;  Extradition  of 
Persons  of  Unsound  Mind  Act  (1017);  Foreign  Probated  Wills 
Act  (1017);  Limited  Partnership  Act  (1017);  Marriage  Evasion 
Act  (1015);  Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1007);  Partnership 
Act  (1017) ;  Sales  Act  (1015) ;  Stock  Transfer  Act  (1017) ;  Ware- 
house Receipts  Act  (1007).  Total,  11. 

Induna. 

Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1013) ;  Warehouse  Receipts  Act  (1021). 
Total,  2. 

lowA. 

Acknowledgments  Act;  Bills  of  Lading  Act  (1011) ;  Limited  Partner- 
ship Act  (1010);  Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1002);  Sales  Act 
(1010);  Warehouse  Receipts  Act  (1007).    Total,  6. 

Kansas. 

Desertion  and  Non-Support  Act  (1011);  Foreign  Executed  Wills  Act 
(1011);  Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1005);  Warehouse  Re- 
ceipts Act  (1009).    Total,  4. 

Kentucky. 

Child  Labor  Act  (1014) ;  Federal  Pure  Food  Act;  Negotiable  Instni- 
ments  Act  (1004).    Total,  3. 


SUMMABT  OF  THE  PB0GBEDINQ8.  711 

* 

LotnsiANA. 

Acknowledgments  Act,  Domestic  (1920) ;  Bills  of  Lading  Act  (1912) ; 
Divorce  Statistics  Act  (1913);  Extradition  of  Persons  of  Un- 
somid  Mind  Act  (1918):  Federal  Pure  Food  Act;  Flag  Act 
(1918);  Foreign  Acknowledgments  Acts  (1916);  Foreign  Pro- 
bated WiUs  Act  (1916);  Marriage  Evasion  Act  (1914); 
Marriage  Statistics  Act  (1908);  Negotiable  Instruments  Act 
(1904);  Stock  Transfer  Act  (1910);  Warehouse  Receipts  Act 
(1908);  Wills  Act,  Foreign  Executed  (1912).    Total,  14. 

Mains. 

Bills  of  Lading  Act  (1917);  Flag  Act  (1919);  Negotiable  Instru- 
ments Act  (1917);  Warehouse  Receipts  Act  (1917).    Total,  4. 

Maryland. 

Bills  of  Lading  Act  (1910) ;  Cold  Storage  Act  (1916) ;  Extradition  of 
Persons  of  Unsound  Mind  Act  (1918;  Flag  Act  (1918);  Foreign 
Acknowledgments  Act  (1916) ;  Foreign  Depositions  Act  (1922); 
Foreign  Executed  Wills  Act  (1914);  Fraudulent  C^onveyance 
Act  (1920);  Limited  Partnership  Act  (1918);  Negotiable  Instru- 
ments  Act  (1898);  Partnership  Act  (1916);  Sales  Act  (1910); 
Stock  Transfer  Act  (1910);  warehouse  Receipts  Act  (1910). 
Total,  14. 

Mabsachubbtts. 

Acknowledgments  Act;  Bills  of  Lading  Act  (1910);  Child  Labor  Act 
(1913);  Cold  Storage  Act  (1912);*  Desertion  and  Non-Support 
Act  (1911);  Foreign  Probated  Wills  Act  of  1895  (1911);  Extra- 
dition of  Persons  of  Unsound  Mind  Act  (1909)  ;*  Marriage  and 
Marriage  License  Act  (1911);*  Marriage  Evasion  Act  (1913);* 
Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1898);  Partnership  Act  (1922); 
Sales  Act  (1908) ;  Stock  Transfer  Act  (1910) ;  Warehouse  Re- 
ceipts Act  (1907).    Total,  14. 

Michigan. 

Acknowledgments  Act  (1895);  Bills  of  Lading  Act  (1911);  Foreign 
Executed  Wills  Act  (1911);  Foreign  Depositions  Act  (1921); 
Foreign  Probated  Wills  Act  of  1895  (1911);  Fraudulent  Con- 
veyance Act  (1919);  Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1905);  Part- 
nership Act  (1917);  Proof  of  Statutes  Act  (1921);  Sales  Act 
(1913);  Stock  Transfer  Act  (1913);  Warehouse  Receipts  Act 
(1909).    Total,  12. 

Minnesota. 

Acknowledgments  Act;  Bills  of  Lading  Act  (1917) ;  Fraudulent  Con- 
veyance Act  (1921) ;  Limited  Partnership  Act  (1919) ;  Negotiable 
Instruments  Act  (1913);  Partnership  Act  (1921);  Sales  Act 
(1917);  Warehouse  Receipts  Act  (1913).    Total,  8. 

\fl8SI88IPPI. 

Child  Labor  Act  (1914);*  Desertion  and  Non-Support  Act  (1920); 
Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1910);  Warehouse  Receipts  Act 
(1920).   Total  4. 

MisaotTBi. 

Bills  of  Lading  Act  (1917);  Negotiable  Instruments  Adi  (1905); 
Warehouse  Receipts  Act  (1913).    Total,  3. 


712  COMMISSIONERS  ON   UNIFOBM  8TATB  LAWS. 

Montana. 

Acknowled^ents  Act;*  Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1003);  Ware- 
house Receipts  Act  (1917).    Total,  3. 

Nebraska.   ' 

Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1905);  Sales  Act  (1921);  Warehouse 
Receipts  Act  (1909).    Total,  3. 

Nevada. 

Depositions  Act  (1921);  Extradition  of  Penons  of  Unsound  Mind 
Act  (1917);  Foreign  Acknowledgments  Act  (1917);  Foreign- 
Execution  of  Wills  Act  (1913);  Foreign  Probated  Wills  Acts 
(1915):  Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1907);  Prt>of  of  Statutes 
Act  (1921);  Sales  Act  (1915);  Warehouse  Receipts  Act  (1913). 
Total  9. 

New  Hampshire. 

Bills  of  Lading  Act  (1917) ;  Foreign  Acknowledgments  Act  (1917) ; 
Fraudulent  Conveyance  Act  (1910);  Negotiable  instruments 
Act  (1909).    Total,  4. 

New  Jersey. 

Annulment  of  Marriage  and  Divorce  Act  of  1907  (1907);  Bills  of 
Lading  Act  (1913);  Conditional  Sales  Act  (1919);  Fraudulent 
Conveyance  Act  (1919) ;  Limited  Partnership  Act  (1919) ;  Nego- 
tiable Instruments  Act  (1902);  Partnership  Act  (1919);  Sales 
Act  (1907) ;  Stock  Transfer  Act  (1916) ;  Warehouse  Receipts  Act 
(1907).    Total,  10. 

New  Mexico. 

Acknowledgments  Act;  Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1907);  Ware- 
house Receipts  Act  (1909).    Total,  3. 

New  YokXl 

Bills  of  Lading  Act  (1911);  Conditional  Sales  Act  (1922);  Foreign 
Probated  Wills  Act  of  1895  (1919) ;  Limited  Partnership  Act 
(1922);  Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1897);  Partnership  Act 
(1919);  Sales  Act  (1911);  Stock  Transfer  Act  (1913);  Ware- 
house Receipts  Act  (1907).    Total,  9. 

North  Carouna. 

Bills  of  Lading  Act  (1919);"^  Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1899); 
Warehouse  Receipts  Act  (1917).    Total,  3. 

North  Dakota. 

Acknowledgments  Act;*  Desertion  and  Non-Support  Act  (1911); 
Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1899);  Sales  Act  (1917);  Ware- 
house Receipts  Act  (1917).   Total,  5. 

Ouzo. 

Bills  of  Lading  Act  (1911);  Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1902); 
Sales  Act  (1908);  Stock  Transfer  Act  (1911);  Warehouse  Re- 
ceipts Act  (1908).    Total,  5. 

Oklahoma. 

Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1909) ;  Warehouse  Receipts  Act  (1915). 
Total,  2. 

Oregon. 

Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1899);  Sales  Act  (1919);  Warehouse 
Receipts  Act  (1913).    Total,  3. 


SUMMARY  OF  THE  PB0CEKDIN08.  713 

Pannstltania. 

Bilk  of  Lading  Aet  (1911) ;  Depositioiui  Act  (1021) ;  Fraudulent  C^- 
veyanoe  Act  (1«21);  Limited  Partnership  Act  (1917);  Nego- 
tiable Inatniments  Act  (1901) ;  Partaerehip  Act  (1915) ;  Proofof 
Statutes  Act  (1921);  Sales  Act  (1915);  Stock  Transfer  Act 
(1911);  Warehouse  Receipts  Act  1909).    Total,  10. 

POBTO  Rioo. 

Warehouse  Receipts  Act  (1919).    Total,  1. 

Rhodb  Island. 

Bills  of  Lading  Act  (1914);  Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1899); 
Sales  Act  (1908);  Stock  Transfer  Act  (1912);  Warehouse  Re- 
ceipts Act  (1908).   Total,  5. 

South  Carolina. 

Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1914).    Total,  1. 

SoxTTH  Dakota. 

(Conditional  Sales  Act  (1919) ;  Depositions  Act  (1921) ;  Extradition 
Act  (1921);  Fraudulent  Conveyance  Act  (1919);  Negotiable 
Instruments  Act  (1913);  Sales  Act  (1921);  Stock  Transfer  Act 
(mi);  Warehouse  Receipts  Act  (1913).    Total,  8. 

TfeNNBSSBB. 

Acknowledgments  Act  (1919);  Acknowledgments  Act,  Foreign, 
(1921);  Cold  Storage  Act  (1919);  Desertion  and  Non-Support 
Act  (1913);  Extradition  of  Persons  of  Unsound  Mind  Act 
(1917);  Fraudulent  Conveyance  Act  (1919);  Limited  Partner- 
ship Act  (1919) ;  Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1899) ;  Partner- 
ship Act  (1917);  Sales  Act  (1919);  Stock  Transfer  Act  (1917); 
Warehouse  Receipts  Act  (1909).    Total,  12. 

Texas. 

Desertion  and  Non-Support  Act  (1913) ;  Negotiable  Instruments  Act 
(1919);  Warehouse  Receipts  Act  (1919).    Total,  3. 

(Jtab. 

Child  Labor  Act' (1915);*  Cold  Storage  Aet  (1917);  Desertion  and 
Non-Support  Act  (1915);  Foreign  Executed  Wills  Act  (1907);* 
Foreign  Probated  Wills  Act  of  1895;  Land  Registration  Act 
(1917);  Limited  Partnership  Act  (1921):  Negotiable  Instru- 
ments Act  (1899);  Partnership  Act  (1921);  Sales  Act  (1917); 
Warehouse  Receipts  Act  (1911).    Total.  11. 

VniCDKT. 

Bills  of  Lading  Act  (1915) ;  Desertion  and  Non-Support  Act  (1915) ; 
Marriage  Evasion  Act  (1912);  Negotiable  instruments  Act 
(1912*);  Warehouse  Receipts  Act  (1912);  Workmen's  Com- 
pensation^ Act.    Total,  6. 

Land  Registration  Act  (1916) ;  Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1897) ; 
Sales  Act  (1921),;  Warehouse  Receipts  Act  (1908).    Total.  4. 

Washington. 

BiUs  of  Lading  Act  (1915) ;  Flac  Act  (1919) ;  Foreign  Probated  Wills 
Aet  of  1895  (1911).  Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1899);  Ware- 
house Receipts  Act  (1913).    Total.  5. 

Wist  VnaiNu. 

Conditional  Sales  Act  (1921);  Desertion  and  Non-Support  Act 
(1917);  Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1907);  Warehouse  Re- 
c^pts  Act  (1917).    Total  4. 


714  COMMISSIOKEBS   OK  UNIFOBH  8TATB  LAWS. 

Bills  of  Lading  Act  (1917) ;  Cold  Storage  Act  (1917) ;  (Conditional 
Sales  Act  (1919);  Desertion  and  Non-Support  Act  (1911);  Ex- 
tradition of  Persons  of  Unsound  Mind  Act  (1919);  Flag  Act 
(1919);  Foreign  Acknowledgments  Act  (1915);  Foreign  Pro- 
bated Wills  Act  (1915);  Fraudulent  Conveyance  Act  (1919); 
Limited  Partnership  Act  (1919) ;  Marriage  and  Marriage  License 
Act  (1917);  Marriage  Evasion  Act  (1915);  Migratory  Divorce 
Act  of  1901;  Divorce  Procedure  Act  of  1901;  Annulment  of 
Marriage  and  Divorce  Act  of  1907  (1909);  Negotiable  Instru* 
ments  Act  (1899);  Partnership  Act  (1915);  Sales  Act  (1911); 
Stock  Transfer  Act  (1913);  Warehouse  Receipts  Act  (1909). 
Total,  20. 

Wyoming. 

Desertion  and  Non-Support  Act  (1915) ;  Negotiable  Instruments  Act 
(1905);  Partnership  Act  (1917);  Sales  Act  (1917);  Warehouse 
ReceiptB  Act  (1917).    Total,  6. 

Alaska. 

Acknowledgments  Act  (1915);  Bills  of  Lading  Act  (1913);  Om- 
ditional  Sales  Act  (1919) ;  Foreign  Executed  Wills  Act  (1913) ; 
Foreign  Probated  Wills  Act  of  1895  (1913);  Limited  Partner- 
ship Act  (1917);  Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1913);  Partner- 
ship Act  (1917);  Sales  Act  (1913);  Stock  Transfer  Act  (1913); 
Warehouse  Receipts  Act  (1913).    Total,  11. 

DiBTBICr  OF  COLUMBU. 

Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1899) ;  Warehouse  Receipts  Act  (1910). 
Total,  2. 

HAWAn. 

Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1907) ;  Workmen's  Compensation  Act. 
Total,  2. 

PaiLiPPiNB  Islands. 

Bills  of  Lading  Act:  Negotiable  Instruments  Act  (1911);  Ware- 
house Receipts  Act  (1912).    Total,  3. 


List  op  Acts  Showing  the  States  Wheeein  Adopted. 

Note.— The  star  (♦)  indicates  that  the  Uniform  Act  has  been  adopted 
with  modifications. 

Acknowledgments  Act. 

Iowa,  Louisiana,  Massachusetts,  Michigan,  Minnesota,  *  Montana, 
New  Mexico,  ♦North  Dakota,  Tennessee,  Alaska.    Total,  10, 

Acknowledgments  Act,  Fobbion. 

Louisiana,  Maryland,  Nevada,  New  Hampshire,  Tennessee,  Wis- 
consin.   Total,  6. 

Bills  of  Lading  Act. 

Arizona^  California,  Connecticut,  Idaho,  Illinois,  Iowa,  Louisiana, 
Mame,  Maryland,  Masachusetts,  Michigan,  Minnesota,  Missouri, 
New  Hampshire,  New  Jersey,  New  York,  North  Carolina,  Ohio, 
Pennsylvania,  Rhode  Island,  Vermont,  Washington,  Wisconsin, 
Alaska,  Philippine  Islands.    Total,  25. 


ST7KMABT  OF  THE  PB00EEDIK08.  715 

Child  Labob  Act. 

Kentucky,  ManachtnettB,  *  Misadaflippi,  *Utab.    Total,  4. 

Cou>  Storagb  Act. 

Illinois,  Maiyland,  *  Massachusetts,  Tennessee,  Utah,  Wisconsin. 
Total,  6. 

Ck>NDinoNAL  Sai^b  Act. 

Arizona,  Delaware,  New  Jersey,  New  York,  South  Dakota,  West 
Virgin^,  Wisconsin,  Alaska.   Total,  8. 

Dbsebtion  Axn>  Non-Support  Act. 

Alabama,  Kansas,  North  Dakota,  Massachusetts,  MiasisBippi,  Ten- 
nessee, Texas,  Utah,  Vermont,  West  Virginia,  Wisconsin,  Wyo- 
ming.   Total,  12. 

Extradition  of  Persons  of  Unbound  Mind  Acr. 

Illinois,  Louisiana,  Maryland^  Massachusetts,  Nevada,  South  Da- 
kota, Tennessee,  Wisconsm.    Total,  8. 

Flag  Act. 

Arisona,    Louisiana,    Maine,    Maryland,    Washington,    Wisconsin. 
Total,  6. 

Forbign  Depositions  Act. 

Arisona,  Maryland,  Michigan,  Nevada,  Pennsylvania,  South  Dakota. 
Total,  6. 

FbAUDULBNT  Ck>NVBTANCB  Act. 

Arizona,  Delaware,  Maryland,  Michigan,  Minnesota,  New  Hamp- 
shire, New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  South  Dakota, .  Tenneasee, 
Wisconsin.    Total,  11. 

Land  Rbgibtsation  Act.  ^ 

*  Georgia,  Utah,  Virginia.   Total,  3. 

Limited  Partnership  Act. 

Idaho,  Illinois,  Iowa,  Maryland,  Minnesota,  New  Jersey,  New  York, 
Pennsylvania,  Tennessee,  Utah,  Wisconsin,  Alaska.    Total.  12. 

Marrugb  and  Marriage  License  Act. 

*  Massachusetts,  Wisconsin.    Total,  2. 

Marriage  Evasion  Act. 

Illinois,  Louisiana,  *  Massachusetts,  Vermont,  Wisconsin.    Total,  5. 

Negotiable  Inbtrumbntb  Act. 

Adopted  in  all  jurisdictions  except  Georgia  and  Porto  Rico;  adopted 
with  modifications  in  Vermont.   Total,  61. 

Partnership  Act. 

Idaho,  Illinois,  Maryland,  Massachusetts,  Michigan,  Minnesota, 
New  Jersey,  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  Tennessee,  Utah,  Wis- 
consin, Wyoming,  Alaska.    Total,  14. 

Pboof  of  Statutes  Act. 

Arizona,  Michigan,  Nevada,  Pennsylvania.    Total,  4. 

Sales  Act. 

Arizona,  Connecticut,  Idaho,  Illinois,  Iowa,  Maryland,  Massachu- 
setts, Michigan,  Minnesota,  Nebraska,  Nevada,  New  Jersey, 
New  York,  North  Dakota,  Ohio,  Oregon,  Pennsylvania,  Rhode 
Island,  South  Dakota,  Tennessee,  Utah,  Vermont,  Wisconsin, 
Wyoming,  Alaska.    Total,  25. 


716  COMMISSIONERS   ON  UNIFORM  STATE  LAWS. 

Stock  Transfsb  Act. 

Connecticut,  Illinois^  Louisiana,  Maxylaad,  >f  aaaachuaetts,  Michigan, 
New  Jersey,  New  York,  Ohio,  Pennsylvania,  Rhode  Isuoid, 
South  Dakota,  Tennessee,  Wisconsin,  Alaska.    Total,  15. 

Wabbhoubb  Rbcsifts  Act. 

Adopted  in  all  jurisdictions  excei)t  Georgia,  Kentucky,  New  Hamp- 
shire, South  Carolina,  Hawaii.    ToUd,  48. 

Wills  Act,  Foreign  Executed  (Act  of  1910). 

Kansas,  Louisiana,  Maryland,  Michigan,  Nevada,  ^Utah,  Alaska. 
Total,  7. 

Wills  Act,  Foreign  Probated  (Act  of  1015). 

Illinois,  Louisiana,  Nevada,  Wisconsin.    Total,  4. 

Workmen's  Compensation  Act. 

Idaho,  Vermont,  Hawaii.    Total,  3. 


PBESIDENT'S  ADDBESS. 

'  BY 

HENRY  8T0CKBRIDGE, 

or  BALTIMOBB,  MABTLAMD. 

• 

Fellow  Members  of  the  National  Conference  on  Uniform  State 
Laws: 

It  is  with  profound  regret  that  I  find  myself  unable  to  attend 
the  Conference  this  jear^  as  some  of  the  matters  which  must  of 
necessity  oome  before  the  meeting  are  of  more  than  usual  imporr 
tance.  At  the  very  outset  of  this  report  it  is  appropriate  that , 
your  President  should  express  the  importance  and  valuable  ser- 
vice rendered  during  the  past  year  by  two  of  the  general  officers 
of  the  Gonf  erence,  namely,  William  0.  Hart,  the  treasurer,  whose 
indefatigable  attention  to  the  duties  of  his  position  and  the  mul- 
titude of  details  connected  therewith,  have  been  most  admirably 
discharged;  also  to  the  work  of  Oeneral  Nathan  William  Mac- 
Ghesney,  the  Chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee,  who  has 
relieved  the  President  of  many  of  the  duties  which  ordinarily  fall 
upon  him.  In  the  performance  of  this  work  General  MacChesney 
has  exhibited  an  executive  ability  of  the  first  order.. 

Mention  should  also  be  made  of  the  havoc  played  in  the  ranks 
of  the  Commissioners  during  the  last  eleven  months.  In  no 
previous  corresponding  period  has  the  hand  of  death  been  laid 
upon  so  many  of  our  members,  involving  an  unusually  large  num- 
ber of  changea  in  the  makeup  of  the  Commissioners.  Fortunately, 
spurred  on  by  the  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  new  Commis- 
sioners, these  gaps  have  in  nearly  every  instance  been  promptly 
filled  by  the  Governor  of  the  respective  states.  In  the  report  of 
the  Secretary,  and  I  doubt  not,  by  the  Commissioners  from  such 
states,  the  attention  of  this  body  will  be  more  specifically  called 
to  the  list  of  individuals  of  whose'  valued  service  we  have  thus 
been  deprived.  In  addition  to  these,  the  standing  of  the  members 
of  the  Conference  in  public  esteem  has  been  shown  in  the  eleva- 
tion to  high  station  of  two  of  our  valued  members— our  most 
efficient  Secretary,  Mr.  Gilmore,  having  been  selected  by  the 
President  as  the  Vice-Governor  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  and 

(717) 


718  COMMISSIONSBS   ON  UNIFOBM  6TATB  LAWS. 

the  appointipent  of  Mr.  0.  L.  Kagey  of  Kansas^  as  United  States 
Minister  to  Finland. 

While  they  will  be  greatly  missed  at  our  gathering,  and  the 
Conference  will  be  the  poorer  for  their  loss,  the  best  wishes  for 
their  success  go  with  them  from  us  to  their  new  fields  of  duty. 

In  certain  aspects  of  our  work  the  showing  to  be  made  at  the 
present  time  is  quite  small,  viz. :  The  passage  of  Uniform  Statutes 
approved  by  this  Conference,  and  these  will  be  set  forth  in  detail 
in  the  report  of  the  Secretary  and  also  in  the  report  of  the  Legis- 
lative Committee.  This  is  largely  due  to  the  fact  that  state 
legislatures  have  been  in  session  in  only  nine  states  during  the 
last  eleven  months,  and  in  some  of  the^e  the  proposed  acts  were 
not  presented  sufiBciently  early  to  be  productive  of  their  being 
enacted  into  law.  • 

Thanks  to  the  activity  of  the  Commissioners  of  the  State  of 
New  York,  more  important  legislation  has  been  adopted  there 
than  in  any  other  state,  and  forms  a  good  example  of  that  which 
may  be  accomplished  by  active  commissioners  fully  alive  to  the 
performance  of  their  duty,  which  example  it  is  hoped  may  be 
borne  in  mind  and  acted  upon  in  the  ensuing  year  in  other  states. 

What  has  been  said  leads  to  the  consideration  of  two  matters 
so  interwoven  that  it  is  impossible  to  discuss  the  one  without  the 
other.  This  body  owes  its  origin  largely  to  the  American  Bar 
Association,  and  in  its  early  years  the  necessary  expense  of  carry- 
ing forward  its  work  came  mainly  from  appropriation  made  by 
the  Association.  Year  by  year  the  volume  of  the  work  has  grown, 
entailing  of  necessity  a  larger  outlay  of  money  for  the  expense 
of  the  Conference,  by  far  the  largest  single  item  being  that  for 
printing  the  reports  of  its  committees  and  the  approved  acts  for 
the  use  of  the  legislatures  in  the  several  states.  The  expenses  of 
the  American  Bar  Association  have  likewise  largely  increased  in 
volume  so  that  the  proportion  of  expense  borne  by  the  American 
Bar  Association  is  relatively  far  less  than  was  originally  the  case. 

One  other  change  is  likewise  to  be  noticed:  In  a  number  of 
states,  at  the  outset  of  the  work  of  the  Commission,  there  were 
contributions  from  local  bar  associations.  Some  of  the  states  * 
recognizing  the  value  of  the  work  done  by  this  body  gave  power 
to  their  respective  governors  to  appoint  the  commissioners,  there- 
by giving  th^n  a  distinct  legal  status,  and  a  few  of  the  states 
not  only  did  that,  but  also  made  annual  appropriations  for 


president's  addbbss.  719 

the  direct  benefit  of  the  commiBsion  in  the  work  which  it  per- 
formed,  and  for  the  actnal  expenses  of  the  commissioners.  Not 
compensation  for  the  work  of  the  individual,  but  to  relieve  them 
personally  of  the  outlay  for  their  traveling  and  hotel  bills.  That 
this  has  not  been  more  generally  done  is  a  matter  for  sincere 
regret,  and  one  of  the  very  first  acts  which  the  Commissioners 
from  a  state  should  do  is  to  secure  the  enactment  of  laws  which 
not  only  give  a  legal  status  to  the  Commissioners  themselves,  but 
also  make  an  appropriation  in  the  nature  of  a  contribution  to  the 
necessary  expenses  of  the  work  of  the  Commission. 

It  will  be  plainly  evidenced  from  the  report  of  the  Treasurer 
that  unless  the  income  of  the  Commission  is  considerably  in- 
creased, its  work  will  be  seriously  hampered,  if  not  curtailed. 
Various  plans  will  undoubtedly  occur  to  the  members  as  a  means 
of  bringing  about  an  increase  of  the  funds.  One,  which  has  been 
most  frequently  suggested,  is  that  the  state  and  local  bar  associa- 
tions be  requested  and  urged  to  make  appropriations  to  the  work 
of  the  Commission.  This  will  undoubtedly  be  of  some  service,  but 
the  weakness  of  it  will  be  found  to  lie  in  the  fact  that  it  will  be 
impossible  to  tell  in  advance  the  amount  thus  to  be  received,  and 
consequently  until  it  is  received  it  will  be  well  nigh  impossible 
for  the  Executive  Committee  to  make  up  its  budget  or  to  know 
what  amount  it  can  authorize  the  expenditure  of  by  any  of  the 
committees.  It  has  also  been  suggested  that  the  various  members 
be  asked  to  contribute  a  definite  amount  annually  as  dues.  This 
suggestion  has  this  serious  defect — ^with  the  exception  of  the  secre- 
tary, whose  clerical  assistance,  postage  and  expressage  are  paid 
by  the  Commission,  the  labors  are  all  gratuitously  performed,  and 
where  commissioners  are  compelled  in  addition  to  defraying  their 
own  personal  expenses  in  attendance  upon  the  meetings,  the 
attempt  so  to  impose  dues  would  in  all  probability  be  attended  by 
a  greater  difficulty  in  securing  prominent  and  able  members  of 
the  Bar  as  members  of  the  Commission.  Other  methods  may 
occur  to  you  in  the  discussion  of  the  subject  What  I  specially 
desire  to  emphasize  is,  that  on  as  early  a  date  as  possible,  some 
mode  shall  be  agreed  upon  by  which  the  income  of  the  Commission 
may  be  materially  increased  and  stabilized. 

Of  new  legislation  to  be  brought  before  the  meeting  in  San 
Francisco  there  is  one  subject  which  seems  to  your  President  of 
the  most  urgent  importance;  that  which  seeks  to  regulate  declar- 


720  COMMI8SIONSB8   OK  UNIFOBH  8TATB  LAW8. 

atory  judgments.  This  has  been  already  considered  at  two  pre- 
vious meetings  of  the  Conference  and  will  be  reported  this  year 
with  some  amendments  to  the  last  draft  of  a  proposed  act;  those 
amendments  having  been  called  forth  by  the  discussions  which 
have  heretofore  taken  place.  The  approval  of  an  act^  if  possible, 
this  year  is  of  prime  importance  because  of  the  fact  that  the 
matter  of  the  enactment  of  such  a  law  is  now  more  urgently 
called  for  than  at  any  previous  time  in  the  legal  annals  of  this 
country,  and  also  because  in  several  states  acts  providing  for 
declaratory  judgments  have  already  been  adopted,  which  acts  are 
far  from  being  uniform  in  their  provisions. 

For  many  years  this  body  has  had  under  consideration  the 
enactment  of  a  uniform  incorporation  law  and  at  the  meeting 
in  Cincinnati  we  were  led  to  believe  that  such  a  draft  would  be 
presented  at  the  meeting  of  1922  as  would  merit  prompt  adop- 
tion. Anticipating  a  report  upon  this  matter,  the  President  ven- 
tures to  suggest  the  following: 

Either  that  a  draft  for  a  uniform  act  be  adopted,  or  else  the 
committee  finally  discharged. 

It  is  perfectly  evident  that  there  is  a  wide  divergence  of  view 
upon  the  provisions  which  should  be  included  in  any  act  which 
seeks  to  deal  with  so  intricate  a  problem,  and  that  may  render  the 
draft  of  any  act  which  the  committee  may  have  formulated 
impossible  of  adoption  by  the  Conference.  If  this  be  the  case, 
then  no  good  purpose  is  subserved  by  continuing  the  committee 
and  imposing  upon  it  the  expenditure  of  time  and  labor  which  can 
amount  to  nothing.  Moreover,  the  economic  conditions  in  the 
several  states  vary  so  widely  that  a  measure  suited  to  one  locality 
may  not  be  at  all  adequate  to  meeting  the  demands  of  business 
in  another  and  different  locality. 

Attention  has  been  called  during  the  year  to  a  condition  which 
has  arisen  and  which  needs  to  be  dealt  with  in  the  most  tactful 
manner.  The  American  Bar  Association  has  a  committee  on 
Opmmercial  Law,  which  committee  has  drafted  acts  upon  several 
subjects  which  have  been  and  are  under  consideration  by  the 
Conference.  It  is,  of  course,  of  supreme  importance  that  there 
should  not  be  sent  two  acts  upon  the  same  subject  emanat- 
ing the  one  from  this  Conference,  and  the  other  from  the  Aimer- 
lean  Bar  Association.  If  that  condition  should  arise,  it  is  almost 
self-evident  that  uniformity  of  legislation  upon  that  subject  will 


pbesident's  addbssb.  721 

be  at  an  end  with  the  probabilities  that  state  legislature  will 
reject  both  and  pass  statutes  prepared  by  some  of  their  own 
number.  Fortunately  the  Chairman  of  that  committee  of  the 
Bar  Association  has  been  during  the  year  appointed  by  the 
Oovemor  of  his  state  a  member  of  this  Gonmiission,  and  this 
should  go  far  towards  relieving  the  situation  of  anything  in  the 
nature  of  rivalry ;  and  promote  harmony  of  action  between  this 
Commission  and  the  Committee  of  the  Bar  Association.  But  if 
I  have  misjudged  this  situation,  every  effort  ought  to  be  strained 
to  promote  unity  and  harmony  of  action.  It  may  be  confidently 
asserted  that  under  our  form  of  procedure  in  the  draft  of  an  act, 
such  draft,  when  completed  and  recommended  by  this  Conference, 
after  having  run  the  gauntlet  of  the  criticisms  to  which  it  is  of 
course  subjected,  will  be  more  nearly  in  form  of  such  a  character 
as  to  receive  tiie  ready  support  of  legislative  bodies. 

Invitations  have  been  received  during  the  year  to  send  a  repre^ 
sentative  of  this  Conference  to  an  unusually  large  nimiber  of 
similar  gatherings,  of  which  may  be  cited  as  examples  the  meeting 
of  the  House  of  Governors  and  the  meeting  of  the  American 
Medical  Association.  In  each  instance  these  seemed  to  be  of 
sui&cient  importance  to  warrant  the  presence  of  a  representative 
of  our  body,  and  one  has  been  named.  Some  difficulty  was 
experienced  in  connection  with  the  last  mentioned,  in  the  loca- 
tion where  the  meeting  was  to  be  held,  and  which  was  to  give 
special  attention  and  consideration  to  the  question  of  a  law  or 
laws  to  regulate  the  handling  and  sale  of  narcotic  drugs.  The 
gentlemen  who  were  designated  to  represent  this  Conference  at 
these  various  gatherings  will  undoubtedly  have  reports  which 
they  can  and  should  present  to  this  meeting. 

I  cannot  close  this  report  without  expressing  to  the  members 
of  the  Conference  my  great  gratitude  for,  and  appreciation  of,  the 
uniformly  kind  and  helpful  assistance  rendered  me  during  the 
year  by  the  oflScers  and  members  of  the  Conference.  Two  years 
ago  I  accepted  the  presidency  with  many  misgivings  of  my  own 
ability  to  properly  direct  the  action  of  the  Conference,  and  now 
as  that  burden  is  removed  and  transferred  to  more  worthy 
shoulders,  I  am  the  more  impressed  with  the  fact  that  any  measure 
of  success  which  may  have  been  obtained  has  been  due  not  to  what 
I  have  done,  but  the  helpful,  encouraging,  cordial  and  ready 
support  which  h^s  been  given  me. 


^ 


HONORARY  MEMBERS 


Sir  JameB  Aikins,  K.  O.,  Winnipeg. 
IL  Heniy  Aubepln,  Paris,  France. 
Rt.  Hon.  Robert  L.  Borden,  Ottawa. 
Rt.  Hon.  Yiacount  OaTe,  London. 
Professor    Frederioo    Canuneo,    Bologna, 

Italy. 
Hon.  Sir  Gbarles  DaTidson,  IfontieaL 
Ifaitre  Gaston  de  Leval,   Brussels. 
Hon.  Oharlee  J.  Doherty,  K.  O.,  Ottawa. 
Rt.  Hon.  Yiscoant  Finlay,  of  Nairn,  Lon* 

don. 
Rt  Hon.  Sir  Charles  Fitzpatrick,  Qnebec. 
Hon.  Sir  Lomer  Oouin,  Quebec. 


Rt.  Hon.  Visoouiit  Haldaaa,  of  OloaD,  O. 

If.,  London. 
Hon.  L.  A.  LavalMe,  K.   0.,  Montreal. 
Hon.  Mr.  Justice  Martin.  MontreaL 
Hon.    Tsunejiro   Miyaoka,   Tokyo,  Japan. 
Hon.  Rokuichiro  Masojima,  Tokyo,  Japan. 
Rt  Hon.  Romulo  S.  MaAn,  Buenos  Airsa. 
Hon.  William  Renwick  Riddell,  Toronto. 
Rt.    Hon.    Baron    Shaw,   of  Dunfermline, 

CMgmyl^  Scotland. 
Rt  Hon.  Sir  John  A.  Simon,  London. 
Hon.  Frederick  P.  Walton,  K.  C,  Cairo, 

Ecypt. 


(722) 


ALPHABETICAL  LIST  OF  MEMBERS 

1922-1923 


ILBCTKD 

1913  Aaker,  Casper  D.,  Minot.  N.  Dak. 
1921  Aaron.   Charlea,  Chicago.   111. 

1915  Aaron,  Henry  J..  Chicaflro.  HL 

1914  Aaron,  Herman.  New  York,  N.   T. 
1912  Aarons,  Char  let  L.,  Milwaukee,  Wia. 
1921  Aaronson;   Abraham  S.,   Ansonia.  Conn, 
1921  Abbej,  Edward  N..  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1902  Abbott.  Augrustus  L..  St.  Louia,  Mo» 
1914  Abbott.  C.  E.  Fremont,  Nebr. 

1921  Abbott,  Carl  H.,  Oakland,  Cal. 

1921  Abbott,   Edwin   H..   Chicago,   III. 

1908  Abbott.   Edwin  M.,    Philadelphia,   Pa. 

1912  Abbott,  Henry  H.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1906  Abbott,  Howard  T..  Duluth.  Minn. 

1913  Abbott,  John.  Boaton,  Maas. 
1921  Abbott.  Leon  M.,  Boaton,  Mass. 

1913  Abbott.  Wm.  M..  San  Franciaco.  Cal. 

1907  Abele,  George  W.,   Boston,   Maas. 

1914  Abercrombie,  Harry  N.,  Baltimore.  Md. 
1921  Abercrombie,    Henry    H..    Birmingham, 

Ala. 

1921  Abercrombie,    William    C,    New    York, 

N.    Y. 

1921  Abcrg.   William  J.   P.,  Madison.   Wis. 

1918  Abemathy,  George  C,  Shavniec.,OkI«. 

1916  Abington.  Ed.  L.,  Poplar  Bluff,  Ma 
1916  Able.  Sidney  Thome,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
1918  Abrahamson,  Henry  M.,  Chicago,  til. 
1921  Abrams,    Henry,    Indianapolis.    Ind. 

1921  A'Brunswick,  Frank  P..  Chicago,   IIL 

1920  Aby.  R.  F..  Tulsa.  Okla. 

1922  Ach,  Henry,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
1914  Acheaon,  M.  W..  Jr..  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
1922  Achi,  William  Charles,  Honolulu,  T.  H. 
1922  Achi,    William   Charles.   Jr.,    Honolulo, 

T.  H. 

1921  Achom.    Edgar    0.,    Boston.    Maas. 
1914  Acker.  Edward  A.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1914  Acker,  William  P.,  Anniston,  Ala. 
1921  Ackerman,    Uoyd    S..    San    Francisco, 

Cal. 

1915  Ackerson.  Fred.  M.  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y. 
1921  Acklen.  Joseph  H.,  Nashville,  Tenn. 

1916  Acuff.   Harmon  O.,   Washington,   D.   C 
1921  Adair,  H^nry  P..  .Tackwnville,  Fla. 
1921  Adair,  Watson  B..  Pittsburgh.  Penn. 
1921  Adami.   Victor  J.,  Coultenrille.  III. 
1011  Adame,  Alva  B.,  Pueblo.  Colo. 


BUSCTKD 

1909  Adams,     Andrew    .Addison,    New    York 

N.  Y. 

1921  Adams,   Anette   Abbott.   San   Franciaoo. 

Cal. 

1921  Adams,  Asa  G.,  Chicago,  111. 

1914  Adama,  Brooks,  boston,  Mais. 

1921  Adams,   Obariea  Albert,   San  Franciaco, 

Cal. 

1920  Adams,  Cheater  D.,  Lexington,  Ky. 

1921  Adams,  Claris,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

1920  Adams.  E.  B..  Telluride.  Colo. 

1911  Adams,  Edward  B.,  Cambridge.  Mass. 

1912  Adams,    Frank  D.,   Duluth.   Minn. 
1914  Adams,   Geo.   A.,   Lincoln,   Nebr. 

1911  Adama,  George  A.,  Salamanca,  N.  Y. 

1921  Adams,  George  W.,  Los  Angeles,  CaL 

1912  Adams,  H.  W..  Beloit.  Wis. 

1913  Adams,  Hsrold  J.,  Buffalo.  N.  Y. 

1917  Adams,    Homer,   Pittsburgh.    Pa. 

1913  Adams,  J.  B.,  Uniontown,  Pa. 

1922  Adams,  James  IL,   Jackson,    MidL 

1914  Adams,  John  Jay,  Columbus,  Ohio. 
1914  Adams,  John  8.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
1913  Adams,  John  T.,  Alamosa,  Colo. 
1921  Adams,  John  W.,  WichiU,  Kan. 

1911  Adams,  Junius  G.,  Asheville,  N.  C. 

1920  Adams,   Morton  B.,   Nashville,  Tenn. 
1903  Adams,   R.   H.  T..  ^r.,   Lynchburg,   Va. 

1921  Adams,  Ralph,  Chicago,  111. 
1921  Adams,     Robert    McCormick,    Chicago. 

HI. 

1909  Adama,  St.  Clair,  New  Orleans.  La. 

1918  Adama,  Samuel,  Chicago.  111. 
1881  Adama,  Samuel  B..  Savannah.  Ok. 
1921  Adams.  Samuel  W.,  Covington,  Ky. 
1921  Adams,  Sidney  D..   Lisbon,   N.   D. 

1920  Adams,  Skipwith  W.,  Helena,  Ark. 

1921  Adams,   Spencer  B.,  Greensboro.   N.   C. 

1912  Adams,  Thaddeus  A.,  Charlotte,  N.  C 

1919  Adams.  Thos.  Burton.  Jacksonville,  ^a. 

1913  Adams.  W.  B.,  Pimxsutawney,  Pa. 
1917  Adams,  W.  J.,  Carthage,  N.  C. 
1891  Adams,  Walter,  South  Framingham, 

Mass. 

1920  Adsms,  Wanh.  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

1922  Adams,  Wm  F.,  Los  Angeles,  Oal. 
1919  Adamson,    Henry.   Trrre   Haute,   Ind. 
1922  Adamson,  L.  F.,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 


(723) 


724 


AMERICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


KLBCTBD 

1921  Addi«,  John  W..    Armour,  S.   0. 

1918  Addin^on.    Keene   II.,   Chicago.   111. 

1921  Addis,  Albert  £.,  Northampton,  Uass. 

1914  Addison,   Joseph,    Baltimore.   Ifd. 

1918  Adel,  Prank  F.,  Brooklyn,  N.  T. 

1914  Adelman,  Abraro  £.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1921  Adinolfl,  Anthony  P.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

ISIS  Adkins,  J.  C,  Gainesville,  Fla. 

1911  Adkins,  Jesse  C,  Washington,  D.  C. 

1897  Adkins,  William  H.,  Easton.  Md. 

1921  Adkinson,  Elmer  W.,  Chicago,  III. 

1918  Adler,  Francis  C,   Philadelphia,   Pa. 

1911  Adler,  Isaac,  Rochester,   N.  Y. 

1922  Adler,  Louis,  Bayonne,  N.  J. 
1914  Adler,  Sidney,   Chicago,   111. 

1907  Agar,  John  G..  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1913  Agee,  A.  P.,  Anniston,  Ala. 

1922  Aggeler,  Wm.  T.,  Los  Angeles,  Cul. 

1922  Agnew,  Albert  C,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1921  Agnew.  Arthur  M.,  Hackensack,  N.  J. 

1921  Agnew,  Cclotes  J.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1919  Agnew,  William,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1920  Agor,  Hugh.  Aberdeen,  55.  D. 

1912  Ahern,  Clinton  J.,  Dwight,  111. 

1921  Ahlgren,  Oscar  A.,  Whiting,  Ind. 

1922  Aigler,  Ralph  W.,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 

1913  Aiken,  Robert  K.,  New  Castle,   Pa. 
1909  Ailshie.  James  F.,  Coeur  d'Alene,  Idaho. 

1918  Ainey,   Wm.   D.    B.,   Harriaburg,   Pa. 
1921  Ainsworth,  W.  J.,  West  Union,  Iowa. 
1921  Aitken,   Frank   W.,  San  Francisco,  Gal. 
1921  Aitken,    Walter,    Bozeman.    Mont. 

1919  Akers,  Will  G..  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

1918  Alban.  William  R.,  Steubenville,  Ohio. 

1911  Albers,  Homer,  Boston,  Mass. 

1901  Albert,   Charhs   S.,    Spokane,    Wash. 

1921  Albert,  E.  G..  JeflTerson,  Iowa. 

1922  Albert,  Helen  M.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
1921  Albin.   Martin   H.,   St.    Paul,   Minn. 

1920  Albrecht,  Abraham  8.,  Hartford,  Conn. 

1921  Albrecht,  George  W.,   Iditarod.   Alaska. 
1921  Album,  Gary  R.,  Cleveland.  Ohio. 

1914  Album,  John  A.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1912  Alcorn,  Albert  D.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1918  Alcorn,  Hugh   M.,  Hartford,  Conn. 

1921  Alcom,   Robert  S.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1920  Alcom,  William  F.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

1913  Aldcroftt,  Richard  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Alden,  Carlos  C,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

1911  Alden,   Maurice  L.,   Kansas  City,   Kans. 

1908  Alden,   W.   T.,   Chicago,  111. 

1921  Alderman.  Sidney  S.,  GreenRboro,  N.  C. 

1912  Alderson,  C.  M.,  Oulfport,  Miss. 

1918  Alderson,    Fleming    .\.,    Hirh\vo<)«l,    W. 

Va, 

1922  Alderson,   Tom.   Sfattle,   Wnsh. 

1922  Aldrich,  Arthur  C,  Groveton,  N.  H. 

1919  Aldrich,  £.  K.,  Jr.,  Providence,  R.  L 


KLBCTSO 

:   1918 


Aldrich,    H.   M.,  Boston,   Mas. 

1921  Aldrich,  Wlnthrop  W.,  New  York,  N.  T 

1921  Alexander,  A.  8.,  Charleston,  W.  Va. 
1920  Alexander,  Alonzo  A..  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

1909  Alexander,  Benjamin,   Philadelphia,   Pa. 

1922  Alexander,  Charles  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1920  Alexander,  Charles  R..  Woodward,  Okla. 

1918  Alexander,  D.  M.,  Fort  Worth,  Tex. 

1916  Alexander,  Daniel,  3ftlt  Like  aty,  UUh. 
1920  Alexander,  Edgar  Dean,  Detroit.  Mich. 
1907  Alexander,  Edward  A.,  New  York.  N.  T. 
1920  Alexander,  Errett   M.,  Milwaukee,   Wis. 

1917  Alexander,  George  M.,  Fairmont,  W.  Va. 

1920  Alexander,    Harry   B.,    Cape   Ginrdeau. 

Mo. 

1919  Alexander,  J.  L.  B.,  Phoenix.  Arte 

1921  Alexander,  J.  P.,  Brookings,  8.  D. 

1922  Alexander,  Jewel,  San  Francisco.  (^L 
1922  Alexander,  John  A.,  Staunton,  Va. 

1911  Alexander,    Joseph    E.,    Winston -Salem, 

N.  C. 

1921  Alexander,  .Julia  M..  Charlotte.  N.  C. 

1921  Alexander,   L.   B.,    Paducah,   Ry. 

1902  Alexander,    Lucien    Hugh,    Philadelphia, 

Pa. 

1921  Alexander,     Mitchell     W.,     New     York. 

N.  Y. 

1921  Alexander.  S.  S.,  Kingman,  Kan. 

1922  Alexander,  Sterling,  Webster  City,  lowm. 
1S93  Alexander,  Taliaferro,  Shreveport,   La. 

1918  Alexander,  W.  B.,  Pine  Bluff,  Ark. 
1916  Alexander,  William  C,  Media,  Pa. 

1921  Allan,  James,  Charleston,  S.  C. 

1922  Allan,  R.  E.,  San  Francisco.  Cal. 

1921  Allan,  Thomas  A.,   San  Frsncisco.   Cal. 

1921  Allbee,  O.  H.,  Marshalltown,  Iowa. 

1921  Allebach.  LeRoy,  Charleston,  W.  Va. 

1921  Allegretti,   Francis  B.,   Chicago,  III. 

1918  Allen,   Albert  R.,  Fairmont.  Minn. 

1921  Allen,  Alfred  G.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1912  Allen,  Alfred  M.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1918  Allen,  Arthur  M.,  Providence.  R.   L 

1922  Allen,  Carroll.  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
1889  Allen,  Charles  Claflin.  St.  Louis,  M«. 

1911  Allen,  Charles  E.,  Boston.  Maas. 

1919  Alien,  Clarepce  F.,  Providence.  R.  L 
1907  Allen,  Clifford  B.,  St.   Louis,  Mo. 

1915  Allen,  Elbert  F.,  Livingston,  Mont. 

1921  Allen,  Florence  E.,  Cleveland, .  Ohio. 
1907  Allen,  Frederick,  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1910  Allen.  G.  C,  Gadsden,  Alabama. 

1922  Allen,  G.  C,  Stockton,  Gal. 

1921  Allen,  George  Edward,  Victoria,  Va. 

1912  Allen,  George  J.,  Rochester,  Minn. 
1901  Allen,  George  W.,  Denver,  Colo. 

1916  Allen.   George  W.,   Key   West,   Florida. 
1918  Allen,    Harrison,    Portland,    Ore. 

1921  Allen,  Horace  S.,  Springtdd.   Ham. 


ALPHABSTXGAL  LIST  OF   MSHBBBS. 


no 


■uoru 

i9iii>  AUeo,  J.  Seddon,  llcmphia,  Temi. 

1923.  Alkn,  J.  Weston,  Boston.  Mtm. 

Ifln.  Allen,  Jamee  A.»  dumute,  Kan. 

1«17  Allen.  James  J.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

tn4  AUen.  Jotin  E.,  Keene,  N.  H. 

1890  Allen,  John  R..  Lexington,  Kj. 

1918  Allen,  L.  W.,  Telluride,  Colo. 
1901  Allen,  Ufon,  LouiaHUe.  Ky. 
1911  AUen.  Murray,  Raleigh,  N.  O. 
19S1  Allen,  NiU  F.,  Waehington,  D.  a 
1990  Allen,  Sam  T.,  Sapulpa,  Okla. 
1906  Allen,  Stephen  H.,  Topeka,  Kana. 
1922  Allen,  W.  J.,  Laurena,  Iowa. 

1919  Allen,  W.  Uoyd,  Barton,  U»m, 

1921  Allen,  WUliam,  New  York.  N.   Y 
190»  Allen.  William  H..  Warren,  Pa. 

1922  Allen,  Wm.  I.,  Schuyler,  Neb. 

1922  Allen,  William  Kinokle,  Amberat,  Va. 

1913  AUen,  William  L.,  Malone,  N.  Y. 

1906  Allen,  WillUm  V.,  Ifadiaon,  Nebr. 

1907  Allen,  Yorke,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Allender,  J.  Quy,  Qrafton,  W.  Va. 

1919  ADey,  Rayford  W.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1911  Ailing,  John  W.,  New  Haven    Conn. 

1912  Alliaon,    Edward    M.,    Jr.,    Waahington, 

D.  O. 

1921  Alliaon,  laaac.  Elmira,   N.  Y. 

1S40  Alliaon,  M.  M.,  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 

1920  Alliaon,  W.  H.,  Bowie,  Aria. 

1906  Alliaon,  William  B.,  Seattle,  Waah. 

1921  AUoway,  Raymond  E.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1914  Allread,  Jaroea  I..   Colum6ua,   Ohio. 

1922  Allyn,  Arthur,  Preano,  Oal. 

1921  Allyn,  Robert  A.,  Holyoke,  Maan, 

1922  Almiroty,  F.  O.  Peres,  San  Juan,  P.  B. 
1921  Almon.  David  C,  Albany,  Ala. 

1921  Almy,  Oharlea,  Boston,  Hasa. 

1922  Almy,  Don  R..  New  York,  N.   Y. 
1921  Alachttler,  Benjamin  P..   Aurora,  111. 

1921  Alachuler,   Samuel,  Ohicago,  111. 
1019  Alaton,  Robert  C,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
1917  Alter,  George  E.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
1910  Alter,  Wilbur  H.,  Cripple  Creek.  Cok>. 

1922  Altheimer,  Benjamin  J..  Chicago,  111. 
1922  Altman,  John  C,  San  Francisco,  C^I. 

1919  Altman,  Pasco.  Tampa,  Fla. 

1921  Altschuler,     Rex     Baine.     Hackensack, 

N.  J. 

1922  Alveiaon,  Lyie  T..  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1914  Alvord.  George  W..  Painesville,  Ohio. 

1920  Amberg,  Julius  H..  Grsnd  Rapids,  Mich. 
1S09  Ambler,  B.  Mason.  Parkershuig,  W.  Va. 
1922  Ambler.  H.  A.,  Burlington,  la. 

1914  Ambler,  James  M.,   Baltimore,   Md. 

1917  Ambler,  Mason  G.,  Parkersburg,  W.  Va. 

1918  Ambler,   Ralph  Steele,    Canton.   Ohio. 
1922  Amend,  Frank  B.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
1922  Amend,  William  J.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


1918 
1922 
1919 
1904 
1919 
1921 
1906 
1920 
1921 
1911 
1907 

1921 
1921 
1917 
1918 
1921 
1917 
1922 

1921 
1907 
1921 
1921 
1919 
1914 
1894 
1915 
19U 
1914 
1908 
1917 
1914 
1917 
1912 
1911 
1921 
1916 
1913 
1920 
It^ 
1911 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1909 

1913 
1916 
1922 
1907 
1918 
1911 
1922 
1913 
1922 
1902 


.\mermaa,  Jamea  L.,  Canton,  Ohio. 
Amea,  Aldem,  San  Francisco,  OaL 
Amea,  a  F.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Ames,  Charles  B.,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 
Amea,  Warner,  Onancock,  Va. 
Amidon,  8.  B.,  Wichita,  Kan. 
Amidon.  Chaa.  F.,  Fargo,  N.  Dak. 
Anunen,  Francis  D..  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Amos,  Olay  D.,  Fairmont,  W.  Va. 
Amram,  David  Werner,  Philadelphia,  Ps. 
Anable,    Courtland    V.,    New    Brighton, 

SUten  laland,   N.  Y. 
Andalman,  Samuel  J.,  'Chicago,  III. 
Anderbery,  Charlea  P.,  Minden,  Neb. 
Anderson,  A.  B.,  Naahville,  Tenn. 
Anderaon,    Alfred,    Norfolk,    Va. 
Anderson,  Andrew  Logan,  Lincoln,  111. 
Anderaon,  Chandler  P.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
Andeiaon,   Clarendon   W.,   Santa    Roaa, 

Oal. 
Anderson,  E.  A.,  Peoria,  111. 
Anderaon,  Elbridge  R.,  Boston,  Maas. 
Anderson,   El  wood,    Gillette,    Wyo. 
Anderson,   F.  L.,   Marion,   Iowa. 
Anderson,  Q.   Bemhard,   Chicago,  III. 
Andeiyon,  Geo.  D.,  Beaumont,  Tex. 
Anderaon,  George  W.,  Beaton,  Mass. 
Anderson,  Gustav,  Baker,  Oregon. 
Anderson,  Henry  W.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Anderson,  J.   M.,  Naahville,  Tenn. 
Anderson.  James  A.,  Loa  Angelea,  Cal. 
Anderaon,  James  H.,  Chattanooga,  Tenn 
Anderson,  John  C,  Montgomery,  Ala. 
Anderaon,  Leonard  E.,  Bruah,  Colo. 
Anderson,  Le  Roy,  Preacott,  Aria.    * 
Anderson,  Luther  C,  Welch,  W.  Va. 
Anderson,  Norman  K.,  Chicago,  111. 
Anderaon,  Norton  B.,  Platte  City,  Mo. 
Anderson,  O.  C,  West  Point.  Nebr. 
Anderson.  Olof,  Astoria,  Ore. 
Anderson,  Orlaf,  Milwaukee,  Wia. 
Anderaon,  Bobbins  B..  Honolulu.  Hawaii. 
Anderson,  Robert  B.,  Wapakoneta,  Ohio. 
Anderson,  Roger  H..  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Anderaon,  Sumner  S.,  Charleston,  111. 
Anderaon,  T.  Hart,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Anderson,    Thomwell    G.,    Middlesboro, 

Ky. 
Anderson,   V.   E.   Wheaton,   Minn. 
Anderson,  William  D.,  Jackson,  Miss. 
Anderson,  Wm.  H.,  Los  Angeles,  OaL 
Anderson,  Wm.  Y.  C,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Anderton,  Stephen  P.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
Andrade,  Cipriano,  Jr.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Andrade,  Frank,  Honolulu,  T.  H. 
Andrew,  Henry  O.,  Boulder,  CoJo. 
Andrew,  Sarah  T.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Andrews,  Alex.  B.,  Raleigh,  N.  C. 


726 


AlCEBIOAN  BAB  ASOOOULTSON. 


KLKCTEO 

1912  Andrews,   Allen,   Hamilton,  Ohio. 

1921  Andrews,    Americus    V.,    Los    Angeles, 

Cal. 

1907  Andrews,      Chsmpe     8.,     ChsttsnooifS, 

Tenn. 

1921  Andrews,  Charles  O.,  Orlando,   Fla. 

1922  Andrews,  Ck>melius  B.,  Seattle,  Wash. 
1914  Andrews,   E.   D.,   St.   Louis,   Mo. 

1920  Andrews,  Forrest,  Knoxviile,  Tenn. 
1914  Andrews,  Frank,   Houston,  Tex. 

1918  Andrews,  Horace,  Clereland,  Ohio. 
1894  Andrews,  James  D.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1900  Andrews,  James  P.,   Hartford,  Conn. 

1917  Andrews,  Jesse,  Kansas  Oity,  Mo. 

1921  Andrews,  John  D.,   Hamilton,   Ohio. 

1922  Andrews,  L.   W.,  Los  Anfreles,  OaL 
1922  Andrews,  Roscoe  O.,  Chicago,  IlL 

1912  Andrews,  Sidney  F.,  Washington,  Mo. 

1921  Andrews,  W.  8.,  San  Frandsoo,  Csl. 

1919  Andrews,  Walter  P.,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

1913  Andrews,    William   S.,    Syracuse.    N.    T. 
1891  Angell,  Walter  F..  Providence,  R.   I. 

1922  Angellotti,  Frank  M.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1916  Angerstein.  Thomas  C,  Chicago,  111 

1912  Angert,  Kugene  H..  St.  Ix^uis.  Mo. 
1922  Angulo,  Charles,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1921  Ankeny,    Harry   R.,   Lincoln,    Neb. 
1907  Amis,  Frank  J.,  Ft.  Collins,  Colo. 

1920  Anquillare,  Joseph  T.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

1913  Ansel,  M.  F.,  Greenville,  S.  C. 

1912  Ansell,   Samuel  T.,    Washington,    D.    C. 

1921  Antes,   William  H.,   West  Union,  Iowa. 

1913  Anthony,  Roy  F.,  Newark,  N.  J. 

1921  Antin,  Benjamin,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1909*  Antisdel.  John  P.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1911  Aplington,   Henry,   New  York,  N.   Y. 
19n8  Ap  Mador,  W.  T..  Chicago,  ni. 

1922  Appel,  Qyril,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1920  Appel,  Monte,  Washirgton,  D.  O. 

1913  Appel,  William  Nevin.  Lancaster.  Pa. 

1907  Appell.  Albert  J..  New  York.  S.   Y. 

1912  Appell,  Albert  J.  W.,  Chicago,  111. 

1921  Apperson,    Harvey   B.,    Roanoke,    Va. 

1922  Apperson,  Hugh  B.,  Ridgefleld,  Wash. 

1908  Apperson,  Lewis.  Mt.  Sterling,  Ky. 

1914  Applegate,  John  S..  Jr.,  Red  Bank,  N.  J. 

1921  Applegate,  Leslie  T.,  Covington,  Ky. 

1918  Appleton,  Charles  W.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1801  Appleton,  Frederick  H.,  Bangor,  Me. 
1891  Appleton,  John  H.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1922  Appleton,  Samuel,  St.  Paul.  Minn. 
1922  Apaey,  Albert  8.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1920  Arbuckle,  John  D.,   Van  Buren,   Aik. 

1921  Arbuckle,  Joseph,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1917  Archer,  Ben  T.,  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 

1913  Archer,  W.  E.,  Hiawatha,  Kaas. 

1981  Archibald,  Harry  R.,  Loa  Angeles,  CaL 

1921  Arkudi,  Ralph  M.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


■UBCTSO 
1918 

1920 
1920 

1911 
1921 

1917 
1922 
1918 
1922 

19U7 
1920 
1914 

1922 

1922 

1919 

1914 

1920 

1921 

1922 

1913 

1921 

1921 

1912 

1920 

1915 

1910 

1914 

1922 

1017 

1906 

1921 

1913 

1913 

1907 

1914 

1901 

1919 

1922 

1919 

1906 

1921 

1921 

1922 

1920 

1914 

1921 

1920 

1914 

1918 

19W 

1922 

1921 

1988 


Axmbrecht, 
Armbrister, 
Armiatead, 

Teim. 
Armiatead, 
Armatroi^, 

Kan. 
Armstrong, 
Armstrong, 
Armatrong, 
Armatrong, 
Armatrong, 
Armstrong, 
Armatrong, 

Okla. 
Armstrong, 

Cal.' 
Armstrong, 


William  H.,  MobUe.  Ala. 
C.  A.,  Muskogee,  Okla. 
Oe^rge    U.,    Jr..    NaahviU«^ 

Benry  M.,  Little  Rock,  Art. 
Alfred    O.,    Indcpendciice, 

4 

Charles  A.,  Troy    N.  C. 
David,  Rahway.  N.  J. 
David  W.,  Kansas  City.  Mo. 
E.  H.,  Oraaa  Valley,  Oal. 
Edward  A.,  Newark,  N.  J. 
Freer  W.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
James   R.,   Oklahoms   City. 

R.    M.    J.,    San    Francisco. 

Sidney     W.,     WInchendon, 


Armstrong,  lliomas,  Jr.,  Phoenix,   Aria. 
Armstrong,  Walter  P.,  Memphis.  Terni. 
Armstrong,  William  C,  New  York.  N.  T. 
Ameson,  O.  A.  S.,  Bryant,  S.  D. 
Aniold,  Arthur,  Piedmont,  W.  Va. 
Arnold,   Arthur  S..   Phtiadelphia.   Pa. 
Arnold,   Bernard  H.,   New  York,   N.   T. 
Arnold,  C.  W.  R.,  Poughkecpaie,  N.  T. 
Arnold,  Constantlne  P.,  I^ramie,  Wyo. 
Arnold,  Davis  O.,  Providence.  R.  I. 
Arnold,  Earl  C,  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 
Arnold,  Earle  B.,  Providence,  R.  I. 
Arnold.  Edmund  K.,  Boston.  Mass. 
Arnold,  O.  8.,  San   Pranciaco,   Oal. 
Arnold,  Glendy  B..  St.  Louts.  Mo. 
Arnold,  Harry  B.,  Columbua,  Ohio. 
Arnold,  Henry  L.,  Kanaaa  City,  Mo. 
Arnold,  J^hn  B.,  Duluth,  Minn. 
Arnold,  John  R.,  Evanston,  Wyo. 
Arnold,  Joseph  A.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
Arnold,  Mercer,  Joplin,  Mo^ 
Arnold,  Reuben  R..  Atlanta,  Ga. 
Arnold,  Tliomaa  L..  Aberdeen.  S.  D. 
Arnold,  Victor  P.,  Chicago.  HI. 
Arnold,  W.  H.,  Jr.,  Texarkana,  Ark. 
Arnold,  Wm.  H.,  Texarkana,  Ark. 
Amoldy,   Fred  N.,  Loa  Angeles,  OaL 
Amtson,  Arthur  E.,  Red  Wing,  Mimi. 
Aronson,   A.   T.,  Kalispell,   Mont. 
Arps.  Helmuth  F.,  Chilton,  Wis. 
Arrel,  Geo.  F.,  Youngstown.  Ohio. 
Arrington,  John  L.,  Pawhuaka,  Okla. 
Arrington,  Roacoe  C,  Shawnee.  Okla. 
Arroyo,  Julian  A..  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Artcr,  Charles  K.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
Arthur.  David  C,  Logansport,  IndL 
Arthur,  Frank  D.,  New  YoriL,  N.  7. 
Arthur,  Thomas,  Dea  Moines,  Icwa. 
Arthur,  William  R.,  Boulder,  Oolo. 


ALPHABBTIOAL  LIST  OF  KBHB1SB8. 


787 


1920  Arts,  OL  Wftlter,  Wayneaboro,  Pi. 
im    Aadi,  Dav1<t  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1907    Ash,  David    Baltimore.  Md. 

I9n    Aflh,  Robert,  Waahington,  D.  O. 

19tl    Aahbauffli,  Paul  M.,  Mt.  Vernon,  Ohio. 

1921  Aahburn,    A.    W.,    Loa   Anfelea,    Oal. 
1914    Aahby,  Samuel,  Indianapolia,  Ind. 
1912    Aahcraft,  Raymond  M..  Chicago,  UL 

1922  Aaher,  Abraham,  Portland,  Ore. 
1912    Aaher,  Harry  W.,  New  Haven.  Conn. 

1920  Aahford,  liargnerite  K.,  Honolulu,  Ha* 

wall. 
1916    Aahley,  Arthur  Henry,  Stockton,  CaL 
IWO    Ashl^,  Henry  de  L.,  Kanaaa  City*  Ma 
1916    Aahroead.  J.  Edward,  Newark,  N.  J. 
1918    Aabton,  Cheater  H.,  Knoxrille.  Pa. 
1906    Aahton,  Jamea  H.,  Taooma,  Waah. 
1918    Atheam,  Fred  G.,  San  Pranclaeo,  Oil. 

1909  Atherton,  Percy  A..  Beaton.  Mase. 
1922    Atkina,  Joaeph  L.,  Portland,  Ore. 

1922    Atkinaon,     Alatau,     L.     0.»     Honolulu, 

Hawaii 
1918    Atkinfon,  Harry  H.,  Tonopah,  Ner. 

1921  Atkinaon,   J.   S.,    ShreTCport,  La. 

1916  Atkinaon,  John  M.,  St.  Louia,  Mo. 

1921    Atkinaon,    Tbomaa    E.,    Orand    Porka, 

N.  D. 
19n    AttkiaK>n,  Bug«ae  R.*  Loulavllle,  Ky. 

1910  Atwater,  Harry  Hall,  New  Haven,  Conn 

1921  Atwell,   Howard  J.,  Fairbanka,   Alaa. 
1914    Atwell.  Wm.  H..  Dallaa,  Tex. 

1920  Atwood.    Clarence    G.,    San    Francisco, 

Cat. 
1914    Atwood,  John  H.,  Kanaaa  City,  Mo. 

1918  Aubrey,  Alfred  B..  Merlden,  Conn. 
1914    Aubrey.  Geonre  W.,  Allentown,  Pa. 

1922  Aubrey,  William,  San  Antonio,  Tex. 

1921  Audiinclofli,  Gordon,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1911  Auerbech.  Joaeph  S.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1919  Auger,  Berchtnana,  Orangeville,  Idaho. 

1917  Augur,  Erroll  M.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

1917  Aust,  John  R.,  Nashville,  Tenn. 

1918  Austin,  Chauncey  O.,  St.  Albana,  Yt. 

1919  Austin,  Chaiincey  G..  Jr.,  Chicago,  IlL 

1921  Austin,  Edward  W.,  Chicago,  111. 
1919    Austin,  Edwtn  A.,  Topeka.  Kana. 

1922  Austin,  Frank  B.,  San  Franciaco,  Oal. 

1917  Austin,  George  C,  New  York,  N.   Y. 
1921    Austin,  Jamea  Allen,  High  Point,  N.  0. 

1921  Austin,  Ralph  0..  Joliet,  111. 
1914    Austin,  W.  C,  Eldorado,  Ok  la. 
1012    Austin.  Warren  R.,  Burlington,  VL 

1922  Austin,  William  B.,  JelTeraon,  N.  0. 
1908    Auatrian,  Alfred  S.,  Chicago,  111. 
1914    Auxier,  Am^rew  E.,  Plteville.  Ky. 

1918  Averill.  Mark  R..  Tonopah.  Nev. 
1922    Averitt,  H.  S.,  FayetteviUe,  N.  a 


1906  Jiftry,  A.  0.,  Spokane,  Wash. 

1913  Avery.  Brainard,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1918  Avery,  0.  L.,  Ofoton,  Oonn. 

1914  Avery,  Ooleman,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1917  Avery,  Frank  M.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1914  Avery,  Nathan  P.,  Holyoke,  Maaa. 
1914  Avia.  8.  B.,  Charleston,  W.  Va. 

1921  Await,  F.  G.,  Laurel,  Md. 

1922  Axelrod,  Ourtav  C,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
1922  Axelrod,  Herman  8..  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1902  Axtell,   Ean  P.,  Jacksonville    Fla. 

1920  Axtell.  Silaa  Blake,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1922  Aybar.  Eduardo  Acuna,  San  Juan,  P.  B. 

1914  Ayoock,  W.  T.,  Columbia,  S.  C. 

1913  Aydlett.  E.  F.,  Eliaubeth  City,  N.  C. 

1921  Ayer,  Gharlea  F.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1911  Ayera.  Walter.  Brookline,  Maaa. 

1918  Aylmer,   Adolph  W.,  Jameatown,  N.  D. 
1916  Aylmore,  Reeves,  Jr..  Seattle.  Waah. 

1911  Aylward,  Jamea  F..   Boston,  Maaa. 

1920  Aylward.  James  P.,  Kansas  City.  Mo.    * 

1922  Aynesworth,  George  L.,  Fresno,  0*1. 
1922  Ayre8»  Albert  D.,  Reno,  Nevada. 

1909  Ayrea.  William,  Pineville.  Ky. 

1921  Baar,  Arnold  R.,  Chicago,  111. 
1901  Babb,  Henry  B.,  Denver,  Colo. 
1904  Babb,  James  E..  Lewiston,  Ida. 

1912  Babb,  Max  Wellington,  Milwaukee,  Wlai 

1913  Babbage,  Richard  G.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1904  Babbitt,  Byron  F.,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

1921  Babcock,  H.  Howard,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1920  Babcock,  Howard,  Siaaeton.  S.  D. 

1915  Babcock,  W.  A.,  Twin  Falla.  Idaho. 

1921  Bach.  Grannia,  Jackaon.  Ky. 

1922  Bacheller,  E.  Paul,  Luak,  Wyoming. 
1922  Bacheller,  Harold  L,  Luak.  Wyoming. 

1915  Bachman,  Nathan   L.,   Naahville,   Tenn. 

1916  Bachrach,   Walter.   Chicago,   111. 
1921  Backcs,  H.   W.,  Trenton,  N.  J. 

1920  Backatrom,  Jamea  L.,  Santa  Fe,  N.   M. 

1921  Backua,  Grosvenor  H.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1922  Backus,  Perry  F.,  Los  Angeles.  Oal. 
1922  Backus,  Ridurd  C.  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
1930  Backus,  Standish.  Detroit,  Mich. 

1922  Bacon,  Edward  E.,  Loa  Angeles,  OaL 

1917  Bacon,  F^derick  H..  St.  Louia,  Mo. 

1919  Bacon.  Gaapar  G.,  Boston.  Maaa. 
1919  Bacon,  George  A.,  Springfield,  Maaa. 

1910  Bacon.  Henry  M..  Chicairo.  111. 
1921  Bacon,  James  B..  Pocatello,  Ida. 

1918  Bacon.  Jamea  F..  Boston.  Maas. 

1916  Bacon.  Leon  Brooka,  Cleveland.  Ohio. 
1808  Bacon.  Selden,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1914  Baron.  Walter  H..  Rridreton.  N.  J. 
1921  Bacon,  Walter  R.,  Baldwin  Park.  Oal. 

1917  Bacot.  Tbomaa  W..  Charleston,  S.  C. 

1918  Badger.  Carl  A.,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 
19U  Badger,  Walter  L,  Boston,  Maas. 


728 


AMEBICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


BLBCTKD 

1921  Bftdffler,  Forrest  0..  Jaclnon,  Mich. 

L015  Badt,  Milton  B.,  Elko,  Nevada. 

1912  Baenacfa,  Emil,  Manitowoc,  Wia. 

L918  Baer,  George  P.,  ClereUad,  Ohio. 

1912  Baer,  Henry.  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

L911  Baetjer,  Edwin  Q.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1911  Baetjer,  Harry  N.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1914  Bagfoy.  C.  C,  Danville.  Ky. 

1915  Bagby,  George  P.,  Baltimore,  Md. 
1921  Bagby,    Joseph   W.,   Georgetown,   Ohio. 
L921  Ba«rg8,  George  T.,  Stevensville,  Mont. 
L915  Bagley.  E.  M.,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

1921  Bagley,  Horace,  Towner,  N.  D. 

1911  Bagley,  William  R.,  Madison.  Wis. 

1912  Bailen,  Samuel  Liiwrence,  Boston.  Mass. 

1922  Bafley,  A.  O.,  Woodland,  Gal. 
1911  Bailey,  Charles  L..  Jr..  Harrisburg.  Pa. 
1896  Bailey^.  Charles  O..  Sioux  Falls,  S.  D. 
1921  Bailey,  Clinton  S.,  Dallas,  Texas. 
1914  Bailey.  Edward  S.,  Washington.  D.  C 

1916  Bailey,  Frank  M..  Ohickasha.  Okla. 

1913  Bailey,  Guy  W.,  Burlington,   Vt. 
1904  Bailey,  HoUis  R.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1920  Bailey.  J.  O.,  Portland.  Ore. 

1918  Bailey,  Joseph  W.,  Dallas,  Texas. 
1911  Bailey,  Marsh  W.,  Washington,  (owa. 

1914  Bailey,  01i>%r  G..  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 

1921  Bailey,  R.  D.,  Bailey\'ille,  W.  Va. 

1916  Bailey,  Stephen  A.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1921  Bailey,  Theodor  L..  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1906  Bailey.  William  D.,  Dulu(h,  Minn. 
1914  Bailie,  A.  D.,  Storm  Lake,  Iowa. 

1922  Bailie,  Norman  A.,  Los  Angeles,  Gal.. 
1922  Bailly,  Edward  C,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1919  Baily,  Harold  James.  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1922  Bainbrldge,  B.  M.,  Stockton,  Gal. 

1921  Baird,   Rochester,    Lafayette,  Ind. 
1886  Baker,  Albert  A.,  Providence,  R.  L 

1922  Baker,  Arthur  G.,  Prescott,  Ariz. 
L920  Baker,  Benton,  Bismsrck,   N.   D. 

1918  Bsker,  COisrles  G.,  Lancsster,  Pa. 

1919  Baker,  Charles  L.,  Fall  River.  Mass. 
1906  Baker,  Charles  S.,  Columbus,   Ind. 
L921  Baker,  Charles  W.,  Jr.,  Cincii  nati.  Ohio 
1922  Baker,  Claude  F.,  Eureka,  Utah. 
1884  Baker.  Darius,  Newport.   R.   I 
1922  Baker,  Emerson  W.,  Fitchburg,  Mass. 

1920  Baker,  Frederick  Sherman,  Det^t>{t.  Mich. 
1922  Baker,  George  B.,  Sigoumey,  Iowa. 

1913  Baker,  George  C,  Morgantown,  W.  Va. 

1914  Baker,  Gibbs  L.,   Wsshington,  D.  C. 

1921  Bsker,  Herbert  M.,  Greeley,  Col. 
L921  Baker,  Hinton  J.,  Femandins,  Fla. 
1919  Baker,  Hugh  B.,  Newport.  R.  I. 
1921  Baker,  Irving  Wesley,  Chicago,  III. 

1917  Baker.  J.  G..  New  Orleans.  La. 
1913  Baker.  J.  Henry.  Baltimore.  Md. 
1911  Baker,  James  A.,  Houston,  Texas. 


1920  Baktr,  James  C,  Eaoanaba,  Micb. 

1921  ^ker,  James  F.,  HoBtsville,  Tenn. 
1914  Baker,  John  M.,  Spencer,  W.  Va. 

1920  Baker,  John  R.,  Fulton,  Mo. 

192S  Baker,  John  William*  Providence,  R.  L 

1913  Baker,  Joseph  J.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1921  Baker,  Joseph  M.,  Hillsboro.  lU. 

1921  Baker,  Lawrence  A.,  Washington,  D.  G 

1921  Baker,  Lee  L..  Provo,  Utah. 

1914  Baker,  Uwis  M.  G..  Knoxvflle,  Tenn. 
1914  Baker,  Merrit  N.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
1914  Baker,  Newton  D.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
1912  Baker,  Norman  U,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
1914  Baker,  Rhodes  S.,  Dallas,  Texas. 
1918  Baker,  Richard  U.,  Norfolk.  Va. 
1906  Baker,  Robert  A.,  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

1900  Baker,  William  H.,  Jacksonville.  Kla. 
1894  Bakewell.  Paul,  St.  Louia,  Mo. 

1916  Bakewell,  Paul,  Jr.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1911  Balderston,  Walter  C,  Washington, 

D.  C. 

1921  Baldridge,   Baker,  Chicago.   lU. 

1916  Baldfige,  H.  H.,  Omaha,  Nebr. 

1918  Bakh-ige,  Thomas  J.,  HoUidaysburg.  Pa. 
1916  Baldwin.  A.  R.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
1906  Baldwin,  Albert,  Dulutb,  Minn. 

1908  Baldwin.  Alfred  C,  Derby.  Conn. 

1921  Baldwin,    Arthur  D.,    Cleveland,   Ohio. 

1921  Baldwin,  Cameron  L..  LsCroase,  Win. 

1909  Bsldwin,  Clark  E..  Adrian.  Mich. 

1922  Baldwin,   Henry  De  Forest,  New  York. 

N.  y. 

1906  Baldwin,  Heniy  R.,  Chicago,  llL 

1919  Baldwin.  Howard  C,  Detroit.  Mich. 
1921  Baldwin,  Leonard  D.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Baldwin,  Mortimer  M.,  Birmingham,  Ale. 

1911  Baldwin.  Roger  S..  New  York,  N.  T. 
1919  Baldwin,  Seth  W„  New  Haven,  Conn. 
1878  Baldwin,  Simeon  E.,  New  Haven.  Conn. 
1918  Baldwin.  Stephen  C,  BrcJbklyn,  N.  Y. 
1921  Baldwin,  W.  H.,  Rockport,  Texas. 

1904  Baldwin.  W.  W..  Chicago,  HI. 

1916  Baldwin,  Wm.  Edward,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1921  Baldwin,  William  V..  Springfield.  Maes. 

1922  Baldy,  Christopher,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
1922  Baldy,  W.  E.,  Carson  City,  Nev. 
1921  Balkema,  Peter,  Sioux  City,  lovra. 
1914  Ball,  Eugene  E.,  Kansas  aty.  Ma 
1914  Ball,  Farlin  H..  Chicago,  HI. 

1901  Ball,  Fred  S.,  Montgomery.  Ala. 

1912  Ball,  George  W.,  Iowa  City,  Iowa. 
1914  Ball,  J.  Frank,  Wilmington.  DeL 
1896  Ball,  R.  B.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

1911  Bsllantine,  Arthur  A.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1916  Ballantine,    Henry    W.. '  Minneapolia. 

Minn. 

1921  Ballard.    Edward   M.,   Cincinnati.   Ohio. 

1921  Ballard,  Ernest  &,  Chicago.  111. 


ALPHABETICAL   U8T   OF    MEMBBR.S. 


no 


KUtCTEB 

19i2  Uallard,  Eusene,  Montvomery,  Ala. 

1921  Ballard,  Henry  8.,  Oolumbtis,  Ohio. 
1014  Ballhom,  George  £.,  Milwaukee.  Win 
1006  BaUiet,  Andrew  J.,  Seattle,  Wash. 
1008  Ballinger,  Harry.  Seattle.  Wash. 

1020  Ballreich,  C.  A.»  Pueblo.  Colo. 

1914  Balluff,  Walter  M..  Davenport.  loWa. 

lOte  Balner,  Thoroai^  Seattle,  WaA. 

1012  Bamberger,  Ralph,  Indianapolia,  Ind. 

18B6  Bancroft,  Bdgar  A..  Chicago.  111. 

1016  Bancroft,  Prank  N..  Denver,  Colo. 

1012  Bancroft,  L.  H.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

1021  Bandini,  Ralph.  Los  Angplen.  Cal. 
1021  Bane,  Ed.  R.,  Scott  City.  Kan. 

1016  Bane,  John  C,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

1020  Bane.  William  J.,  Detroit.  Mioh. 
lOSl  Bangs,  Francis  R.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1011  Bangs,  Frederick  A.i  Chicago.   111. 
1006  Bangs.  George  A..  Grand  Fosk,  N.  D. 
1919  Bangs.  Hal  C,  Chicago,  HI. 

1006  Bangs.  Tncy  R.,  Grand  Forks,  N.  D. 

1021  Bangs,  William  Dean,  Chicago,  HI. 
1014  Banister.  E.  W..  St.  Louis,  Ma 

1017  Bankhead.  John  H.,  Jr..  Jasper.  Ala. 
1014  Banks,   John  W.,   Bridgeport,  Conn. 

1006  Banks,  Lemuel,  Memphis,  Tenn. 
1913  Bannister.  L.  Ward,  Denver,  Colo 

1020  Banta,  Parke  M.,  Potosi,  Mo. 

1007  Banton,  Joab  H.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1021  Banyon,  Willlard  J..  St  Joseph,  Mich. 

1020  Bandiaf.  Albert  H.  T.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1012  Barasa.  Bernard  P.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1021  Barber,  A.  L..  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

1006  Barber.   Arthur  Wm..   New  York,  N.   Y. 

1022  Barber,  Frank  E.,  Brattleboro,  Vt. 

1020  Barber,    Herbert    Goodell.    Brattleboro. 

Vt. 

1021  Barber.   John  A.,  SpringfleUi.   111. 

1022  Barber,  L.  N.,  Fresno,  Cal. 

1021  Barber.  Oscar  T..  San  Francisco.  Cal. 

1022  BaVbieri,  Joseph  P.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1014  Bartwur,  Edward  A..  Springfield.  Mo. 

1021  Barbour.  J.  F..  Yazoo  City.  Miss. 
1014  Barbour,   Jsmes  J.,    Chicago,    HI. 
1006  Barbour,  John  S..  Washington,  D.  O. 
1020  Barce,  Elmore,  Fowler,  Ind. 

1020  Barclay,   Albert  H.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

1683  Barclay,  Shepard.  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

10!a  Barco,  Samuel  J.,  Miami,  Fla. 

1022  Barcroft,  David  P..  Madera.  Oal. 

1922  Barcroft,  Joseph,  Madera,  Gal. 
1022  Bardin,  J.  A.,  Salinas.  Oal. 

1020  Bardwell,  A.  E..  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1022  Bardwell,     Winfleld     W..     Minneapolis. 

Minn. 

1016  Barefoot.  B.  B.,  Chickasha,  Okla. 

1021  Barendt,  Arthur  H.,  San  Francisco,  OaL 
lOZl  Barger,  Harry  S.,  Washington,  D.  0. 


KLSCTBD 

1010  Baright,  Clarice  M.,  New  York,  N.  V. 

1021  Barker,  Allen  J.,  Syracuse,  .V.  V. 
1013  Barker,  B.  Devereux,  Boston.  Mass. 

1012  Barker,  Burt  Drown,   New  York,   N.   Y. 
1921  Barker,  Donald,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

1022  Barker,  George  S.,  Ogden,  Utah. 

1013  Barker,  Harry  C.  St.   Louis,  Mo. 
1921  Barker,  Harry  C,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  V. 
1012  Barker,  Wendell  P..  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1022  Barker,  William  J.,  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

1009  Barlow,   Burt   E.,    Washington.   D.  C. 

1021  Barlow,    Charles  Lowell,    Boston.    Muaa 

1022  Barlow,  Walter,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1021  Barnard,  Edward  N..  Detroit,  Mich. 
1006  Barnard,  Rilph  P.,  Waahington,  D.  C. 

1014  Bamer,  Geo.  S.,  Webater  City,  Iowa. 
1006  Barnes,    Albert  C,  Cliicago,   111. 

1914  Barnes.  Albert  R.,  Salt  Lake  City.  Utah. 

1022  Barnes,  Arthur  S.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1010  Barnes,  Cecil,  Chicago,   III. 
1869  Barnes,  Charles  B..  Boston,  Mbsm. 
1916  Rsmes.  Chester  D.,  Kenosha.  Wis. 

1916  Barnes,  Clarence  A.,  Mexico,  Mo. 
1914  Barnes,  Clarence  A.,  Mexico,  Mo. 
1921  Barnes,   Earl   Brandon,    Kokomo.    Ind 

1913  Bsmes,  Ears  A.,  Oswego.  N.  Y. 

1917  Barnes,  Hsrry  C,  Chicsgo..  111. 

1912  Barnes,  Henry  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1914  Barnes.  John  B..  Jr..  Cssprr.  Wyo. 

1903  Bsmes,    John    Hampton,     Philadelpiiin, 
Pa. 

1921  Barnes,  John  P.,  Chicsgo,  III. 

1913  Barnes,  Milsn  D.,  New  York,  N.   Y. 

1913  Barnes,  R.  M.,  Lacon,  III. 

1914  Bsmes.  W.  H.,  Fairbury.   Nebr. 

1917  Barnes.   William  H..  Clayton,   Mo. 
1921  Baraet,  Philip,  New  Bedford,  Mass. 

1921  Baraet,  Ssmuel,  New  Bedford,  Mssr. 

1912  Raraett,  D.  R  ,  Yazoo  City.  Mis^. 

1922  Barnett,  David,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Baraett,  Fred.  Hammond.  Ind. 

1917  Bamett.  J.  B..  Monroe ville.  Ala. 
1002  Baraett,  James  F.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mirh. 

1915  Barnett,   John  T.,   Denvor.   Colo. 

1904  Bamett,  Otto  Raymond.  Chicago.  111. 
1914  Bamett,  Raymond  G..  Kanus  City.  Mo. 
1911  Barney,  Charles  Ncal,  New  York.   N.   Y. 
1922  Barney,   Herbert  M.,   Texarkana,    ArV. 

1913  Bamhart.   Frank  P..  Johnstown.  Pa. 

1921  Bamhart,  Marvin  E..  Cliicago,  111. 

1916  Bamhill,  Wm.  Allen.  Los  Angeles.  Cal. 

1918  Barnwell,     Nathaniel     B.,     Charleston. 
S.  C. 

1922  Baron,  David,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
192()  Baron,  II.  G..  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
1918  Baron,  Saul  J.,  New  York,   N.    Y. 
1921  Barr.  George  A.,  Joliet,  HI. 


730 


AMERICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


CLECTBD 

1922  Barranoo,     Augustine    P.,     New    Tork» 

N.  Y. 

1916  Barratt,    J.    Arthur,    London,    Ragland. 

1914  Barratt,   Norris  S.,  Philadelphia,   Pa. 

1914  Barrett,  Dexter  T.,  Lincoln,  Nobr. 

1922  Barrett,  Prank  A.,   Lu8k«   Wyoming. 

1911  Barrett,  Henry  R.,  White  Plains,  N.  T. 
1906  Barrett,  Jamea  M.,  Fort  Wayne,  Ind. 
1921  Barrett,  Jaaper  J.,  Astoria,  Ore. 

1916  Barrett,  Jesse  W.,  Jefferson  City,  Mo. 
1922-  Barrett,   R.  M.,  Santa  Rosa,  Cal. 

1918  Barrett,     Richardson     D.,     Minneapolis, 

Minn. 

1921  Barrett,  W.   W.,  Pikeville,  Ky. 

1918  Barrett,   Wilbert   P.,   Haverhill,   Maak 

1921  Barrett.   William,   Pratt,   Kan. 

1912  Barrett,  Wm.   H..   Augusta,  Ga. 

1922  Barringer,     Harrison     E.,     JacksonTille, 

FU. 

1917  Barringer,  John  A.,  Greensboro,  N.  0. 
1921  Barroll,  Hope  H.,  Cbestertown,  Md. 
1909  Barron,  Charles  H.,  Columbia,  S.  C. 

1921  Barron,  Edward  O.,  Sioux  Falls,  S.  D. 

1918  Barron,  James  8     Norfolk,  Va. 

1922  Barrow,  Wylie  M.,  Baton  Rouge,  La. 
1906  Barrows,   Chester  W.,   Providence.   R.   L 
1922  Barrows,  R.  K.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
1922  Barrows,  W.  H.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
1894  Barry,    Edmund   D.,    Los.    Angeles,   Cal. 

1921  Barry,  Gerald  J.,  New  York,  N,  Y. 

1919  Barry,    Hamlet  J.,   Denver,  Colo. 

1911  Barry,  Herbert,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Barry,  J.  E.,  San  Francisco,  CaL 
1921  Barry,  Jamea  D.,  Tucson,  Ariz. 

1920  Barry,  Norman  C,  Miami,  Okla. 

1919  Barry,  William  J..  Boston,  Mass. 

1921  Barse,  George  P.,  Washington.  D.  C. 
1916  Bartch,  G.   W.,   Salt  Uke  City,   Utah. 

1921  Bartelme,  Mary  M.,  Chicago,  HL 

1922  Bartels,   Arthur  0.,  Denver,  Col. 
1894  Bartels,  GusUve  C,  Denver,  Colo. 
1916  Bartelt,    Arthur  R.,   Milwaukee,    Wis. 

1912  Barth,  Irvin  V.,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
1908  Barthell,  Edwsrd  E.»  Chicsgo,  IIL 
1908  Bartholomew,  Pliny  W.,  Indianapolis, 

Ind. 

1916  Bartilueci,  Joneph  P..  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

1922  Bartlett,  Alfred  L.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

1921  Bartlett.  Charles  C,  Chicago,  111. 

1918  Bartlett.  Charles  H.,   New  York,   N.  Y. 

1887  Bartlett,  Charles  L.,  Macon.   Ga. 

1914  Bartlett,  Charles   L.,   Chlrago.   111. 

1920  Bartlett,  Danie!,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1921  Bartlett,  Frederic  A.,  Bridgepo  t.  Conn. 

1922  Bartlett,  George  A.,  Reno,  Nev. 
1911  Bartlett,    J.    Kemp,   Baltimore,    Md. 
1918  Bartlett,  John  H.,  Portsmouth,  N.  H. 
1891  Bartlett.  John  P.,  New  York»  N.  Y. 


BLECTED 

1919  Bartlett,  Joseph  W.,  Boston.  Mass. 

1921  Bartlett,    Louis,    San    Francisco,    Cal. 

1922  Bartlett,  Philip  G.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1911  Bartlett,  Ralph  S.,  Boston.  Mass. 
1918  Bartlett,  Samuel  E.,  Ellsworth.  Kan<«. 

1918  Bartlett,  Willard,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1906  Bartley,   Charles  E.,   Chicago.   IIL 
1922  Bartnett,  Walter  J.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1922  fiarto,  Joseph  A.,  Seattle,  Wash. 

1919  Barton,  Carlyle,  Baltimore.  Md. 
1913  Barton,  Elijah,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
1899  Barton,  Oeorg«  P.,  Altadena,  CaL 
1921  Barton,    Lowrie    C,    Pittsburgh,    Peim. 
1921  Barton,  R.  M.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

1915  Barton,  Randolph,  Jr.,  Baltimore,  Md. 
1921  Barton,  Robert  T.,  Winchester,  Va. 

1919  Barwick,  Allen  J.,  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

1916  Barwise,  J.  U..  Jr..  Port  Worth,  Tex. 
1913  Baaehore,  Samuel  B.,  Mechanicsburg,  Pa. 
1913  Baskerville,  Thomas  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1896  Baskin,  John  B.,   Louisrille,  Ky. 
1921  Basler,  Carl  B.,  Cincinnati.  Ofaia 

1910  Bass,  Frank  M.,  Nashville,  Tenn. 

1916  Bsssett,  Arthur,  Shanghai,  China. 

1921  Bassett,  Elmer,  Shelbyrille,  Ind. 

1911  Bassett,  J.  Colby,  ^jston,  Mass. 

1912  Bassett,  Lucius  V.,  Rocky  Monnt,  N.  C 

1907  Bsssett,   Norman  U,   Augusts,  M 

1913  Bastisn.   Wlllitta   A.,  Indianapolis,    Ind. 

1922  Basye,  Lee,  Alliance,  Neb. 

1921  Batchelder  Edith,  Boston,   Mass. 

1913  Batchelder,   James  K.,   Bennington.    Yt. 

1922  Batchelor,  Chester  A.,  Seattle,  Wash. 
1911  Batchelor,  George  H.,  Indianapolis.  Ind. 

1914  Baten,  Thomas  J.,  Beaumont,  Tex. 

1918  Bates,  C.  L.,  Holly  Springs,  Miss. 
1914  Bates,  Charles  C,  Tacoma,  Wash. 
1907  Batea.  Charles  W.,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
1922  Bates,  Prank  T.,  San  Bernardino,  CaL 

1906  Bates,  Henry  M..  Ann  Harbor,  Mich. 
1921  Bates,  Jeanette,  Chicsgo,  IH.    * 
1911  Bates,   John  Lewis,   Boston,   Maais. 

1913  Batea,  Kahl  Clement,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1920  Bates.  S.  C.  Springfield.  Mo. 

1917  Batea,    Samuel   O.,    Memphis,   Tenn. 

1919  Bates,    Sanford,    Boston.    Mass. 

1921  Bates,  William  Maffltt,  St.  Louis,  M&. 

1907  Battle.   Alfred.   Seattle.   Waah. 
1921  Battle,  Charlton  E.,  Columbus,  Ga. 
1911  Battle,  George  Gordon,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1914  Batta,  Robert  L.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
1921  Bauer,  Harry  J.,  Los  Angeles,  OsL 
1921  Bauer,  J.  B.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1914  Bauer,   Oswald   A.,  SpsrUll,    N.    Y. 
1916  Bauer,  Ralph  S.,  Champaign,  111. 

1918  Bauerle,  Albert  T..  PhiUdelphia,  Pa. 
1916  Baughn,  Otia  J.,  Florence,  Aria. 
1921  Baum,  Joseph  M.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 


ALPHABETICAL  LIST   OF   MBMBBBS. 


731 


BLBCTED 

1908  Bausman,    Frederick,   Setttle.    \Va«h. 

1«0  Baxter,  Aldrich.   Detroit,  Mich. 

1919  Baxter,  Charles  S.,  Boston,  Maaa. 

1921  Baxter,   E.   G.,  Gainesville,   FU. 

1900  Baxter.  E.   J.,  Jonesboro,  Tenn. 

1914  Baxter.   Frank.   Yuma,   Ariz. 

1921  Baxter,  Harold,    Phoenix,   Ariz, 

1896  Baxter,   Irving   F.,   Omaha,    Nebr. 

1921  Baxter,   William  J..  Granite  City,  III. 

1910  Bays,   Harry   P.,   Tampa,    Ra. 

1886  Bayard.  James  Wilson,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1914  Bayard,  Thomas  F..  Wilmingrton,  Del. 

1914  Bayes.  William  R.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Bayles,     Edwin     Atkinson,     New    York, 
N.  Y. 

1921  Bayless.    Herman    A.,   Cincinnati.   Ohio. 

1922  Bayless,  W.  8.,  San  Francisco.  Cal. 
1919  Bay  ley.   I':dwin  A..  Boston,   Mass. 

1918  Baylis,  Willard  N..  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1921  Bayne,  Howard  R.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1921  Beach,  Edward  8.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
19ie  Beach,  Elmer  E.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1921  Beach,   H.  C,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
1908  Beach,  John   K..   New   Haven.   Conn. 

1922  Beach,  P.  M.,  Bau  Claire,  Wis. 
1916  Beach.   Raymond  W..  Chicago,   ill. 

1919  Beal,   Boylston   A..   Boston.  Mass. 
1912  Beal,   Fred.   W..   Terre  Haute,   fnd. 
1922  Beal,  George  R.,  Waltham,  Haas. 

1918  Beal,  Henry  W..   Boston.   Mass. 
1908  Beale,  Charles  W..  Wallace.  Idaho. 

1919  Beale.  Cyrus  W.,  Richmond,   Va. 
1918  Beale.  Phclan,  New  York.  N.   Y. 
1896  Beale.    William  G.,  Chicago,   111. 
1914  Bean.    Fillmore,    Beltsville.    Md. 

1920  Beall,  Phillip  D.,  Pen^acola.  Fla. 
1914  Beals.  Elton  H..   Buffalo,  N.   Y. 
1922  Beals,  John  David,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1912  Beaman,   Middleton,   Washington,   D.  O. 
1914  Bean,  Edwin  J.,  Jefferson  City,  Mo. 
1914  Bean,  Robert  S.,  Portland,  Oregon. 

1921  Beardsley,  Charles  A.,  Oakland,  Cal. 
1916  Beardsley,  Harry  J.,  Waterbury,  Tonn. 

1922  Beardsley,  John,   Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
1896  Beardsley.   Morria  B.,  Bridgeport,   Conn. 

1911  Beardsley,  Samuel  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Beardsley,  Pamuel  P.,  Bridgeport,  Conn. 

1922  Beardsley,  Thomas  IT.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1920  Beasley,   Bert,  Terre  Haute,   Ind. 
1918  Beasley.   James  S.,    Nasliville.   Tenn. 

1921  Beasley,  John  R.,   Beeville,   Texas. 

1921  Beasley,  John  T.,  Terre  Haute,  Ind. 

1913  Beasly,   W.   A..  San  Jose,  CaL 

1914  Beattie.  Chas.   Maitland,   New  York, 

N.   Y. 

1914  Beattie,  Robert  M.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

1922  Beattie,  Thomas  A.  8.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 


CLI9CTKD 

1917  Beatty,  Robert  C.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1914  Beattys.  Frederick  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1917  Beattys,  George  D.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1912  Beaty,  Amos  L..  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Beauchamp,  L.  Greston,  Princeie  Anne. 

Md. 

1885  Beaumont.  John  W..  Detroit.  Mich. 

1921  Bebout,  GayloH  N.,   Detroit,  Mich. 

1900  Bechhoefer,  Charles,  St.  Paul.  Minn. 

1922  Beehljr,  Frank,  Montesuma,  lown. 
1921  Bcchtel,  Edwin  DeT.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1921  Beck,  AmbroM  B.,  Qeddea,  S.  D. 

1910  Beck,  Ira  A.,  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

1901  Beck,  James  M.,  Washington,  D.  0. 
1921  Beck,  John  D.,  Greensburg,  Kan. 

1920  Beck,  Thorwald  M.,  Racine.  Wis. 
1914  Beck.  William  &,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

1917  Becker,  Alfred  L.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1912  Becker,  Benjamin  V.,  Chicago,  DL 
1018  Becker,  John  R.,  Boise,  Idaho. 

1921  Becker,  Louis  L.,  Chicago,  111. 

1912  Becker,  William  Dee,  St  Loula,  Mo. 

1922  Beckett,  0.  Tucker,  San  Frandaco,  Oal. 
1920  Beckett,  R.  C,  Jr.,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
1920  Beckett.  Richard  C,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1920  Beckford,  Frank  M.,  Laconia.  N.  H. 
1919  Beckford,  George  P..  Boston,  Maak 

1913  Beckley,  Pendleton,  Paris,  France. 

1921  Beckley,  W.  J.,  Ravenna,  Ohio, 
k  1916  Beckman,  Arthur  A.,  Anderson,  Ind. 

1921  Beckman,  Vincent  H.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1916  Beckwith.  Charles  H.,  Springfield,  Mass. 

1919  Beckwith,    Edmund    R.,     Montgomery, 
Ala. 

1918  Beckwith,  Frank  J.,  Charleatown,  W.  Va. 

1921  Beckwith.  Oliver  R..  Hartford,  Conn. 

1922  Becaey,  Roland,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 

1920  Bcdal,  Wni.  S..  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1902  Bedell.   George  C,  Jacksonville,   Fla. 

1921  Bederman,  Edwin  B.,  Chicago,  III. 

1919  Bedford,  C.   Reynolds,   Scranton,   Pa. 

1911  Bedford.    George   R..    Wilkes- Barre,    Pa. 
1901  Bedford.  J.  Claude,   Philadelphia.  Pa,  ^ 

1922  Beebe,  George,  Los  Angeles.  Gal. 
1921  Beebe,   Walter  E..  Chicago.  111. 

1921  Beebe.  William,  Chicago,  111. 
1892  Beeber,   Dimner,   Philadelphia,    Pa. 
1918  Beeber.   William    P..    Williamsport,    Pa. 

1922  Beecher,  Daniel.  Los  Angeles.  Oal. 
1922  Beechler.  Glenn  C,  Seattle.  Wash. 
1922  Beedy,    Carroll  L.,    Washington.    D.   O. 
1918  Beedy,  I>ouis  9.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
1922  Beeken,  Axel  V.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1914  Beekman.  Alston.  Red  Bank,  N.  J. 
1916  Beekman.  Ben].  B.,  Portland.  Ore. 
1907  Brekman,  Charles  K.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1922  Beelcr,  Adam,  Seattle,  Wash. 
1006  Beelcr,  Joseph  Q..  North  PUtte.  Nebr. 


732 


-AMKRICAiV    BAR   ASSOCIATION. 


ELECTBO 

1920  Beeler,  R.  U.,  Knoxville,  Teun. 
1913  Beer,  Scott  E.,  New  Orleans.  La. 
1894  Been,  George  E..  New  Haven,  Conn. 

1910  Beeuwket,  C.  John,  Baltimore,  Kd. 

1921  Beedey,  George  F.,  Olrard,  Kan. 
1908  Begg,  William  R..  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1921  BeggB,  FYederic,  Paterson,  N.  J. 

1912  Behan,   Louia  J.,   Chicago.   111. 

1922  Behm.  Hany.  Brighton.  Col. 

1921  Behymer,  Glen,  Los  Angeles,  Oal. 

1913  Beitler,  Abraham  M.,   Philadelphia.  Pa. 
1912  Beitler,  Harold  a.  Philadelphia.  Pa. 
1917  Be  Jach,  L.  D.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

1921  Belcher,  Prank  B..  Los  Angeles,  Oal. 

1921  Belcher,  Nathan,  New  London.  Conn. 

1922  Belcher,  Richard,  Marysville.  Oal. 
1912  Belden,  E.  H..  Spokane,  Wash. 
1921  Belden,  Edgar  A.,  Hamilton,  Ohio. 

1917  Belden,   Ellsworth  B.,   Racine.   Wis. 

1918  Belden,  William  P.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1921  Belfleld,  A.  Miller,  Chicago,  III. 

1919  Belford,  George  F.,  Streator,  111. 
1918  Belford,  Samuel  W.,  Reno,  Nev. 

1922  Belknap,  Ohauncey,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1914  Bell,   Alexander  H.,   Washington,   D.  C. 
WIS  Bell,  0.  L.,  Karnes  City.  Texas, 

1911  Bell,  Charles,  Herkimer,  N.  Y. 
1921  Bell,  Charles  S.,  Cincinnati,   Ohio. 
1921  Bell,  Ohrias  A.,  Portland,  Oreg. 

1918  Bell,  Oolley  W.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Bell,  Douglas,  Hopkinsville,  Ky. 

1922  Bell,  Dwight  D.,  San  Diego,  Cal. 

1919  Bell,  Edgar  D.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
1921  Bell,  Ernest  R.,  Fairmont,  W.  Va. 

1916  Bell,  Frank  A.,  Negaunee,  Mich. 

1921  Bell,   Prank  A.,   Waverly,  N.    Y. 

1922  Bell,  Golden  W.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
1921  Bell,    Harry    F.,    Mansfield,    Ohio. 

1921  Bell,    Hayden    N.,    Chicago,    111, 

1922  Bell,  Henry  Grady,  Bainbridge,  Ga. 
1919  Bell,  James  F.,  Scranton,  Pa. 

1919  Bell,  James  Jackson,  Shenandoah.  Pa. 
1921  Bell,    'ames  R.,  New  York  City,   N.   Y. 
1908  Bell.  John  C,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1907  Bell,  Joseph  C,  Denver,  Colo. 

1921  Bell,  Lewis  A.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1912  Bell,  Marcus  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1914  Bell,  Marshall  W.,  Murphy,  N.  a 
1918  Bell,  Percy,  Greenville,  Miss. 
1918  Bell,  R.  C,  Cairo,  Ga. 

1913  Bell,  Roger  J.,  Roseau,  Minn. 

1920  Bell,  Rupert  A..  Detroit,  Mich. 

1921  Bell,  S.  W.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1918  Bell,  U.  A.,  Lake  Charles.  La. 
1921  Bell,  Will  J.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1921  Bell,  William  A.,  New  Orleans,  U. 

1917  Bellamy,  John  D.,  Wilmington,  N.  O. 


KLKCTKb 

1921  BelUtti.    Walter,    Jacksonville. .  lU. 

1921  Seller,    James   W.,    Washington,    D.    C. 
1916  Bellew,  Heniy  E.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1920  Bellin,  Jacob,  Ansonia,  Conn. 

1919  Belser,  Irvine  F.,  Columbia,  S.  C. 

1922  Belt,  Harry  Hackleman,  Dallas,  Oregon. 

1909  Belt,  William  0.,  Chicago,  111. 

1921  Bemsn,  John  B.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
1921  Bender,  Albert  F.,  Elizabeth,  N.  J. 

1912  Bender,  Melvin  T.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
1921  Bender,  Welcome  W.,  Elizabeth,  K.  J. 
1904  Benedict,  Abraham,  New  York,  N.  V. 
1921  Benedict,    Alfred   B.,    Cincinnati,    Ohio. 

1921  Benedict,  Charles  C,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1916  Benedict,  Charles  W.,  Titusville,  Pa. 

1922  Benedict,  Percy  H,,  New  Orleans,  La. 
1921  Benedict,    Roswell   A„   South   Norwalk, 

Conn. 

1918  Benedict.  Russell,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

1921  Beneileld,  J.   H.,  Jefferson,  Texas. 

1921  Benenuin,  George  R.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

1911  Beoet,  Christie,  Columbia,  S.  C. 

1918  Benet,  Jos6,  Mayaguez,  P.  B. 

1921  Bengel,  Frederic  H.,  Chicago,  111. 

1922  Boiitcs,  Juan  Guzman,  San  Juan,  P.  R. 

1913  Benjamin,  Frank,  Newark,  N.  J. 
1922  Benjamin,  Maurice  B.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
1921  Benjamin,     Raymond,     San     Francisco. 

CaL 

1918  Benner,  Charles  C,  Akron,  Ohio. 

1916  Benner,  Thomas  M.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

1918  Bennet.  Edgar,  Washington.  Kans. 

1921  Bennet,  James  E.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1916  Bennet.  John  W.,   Waycross,  Ga. 

1914  Bennet,  Sam  S.,  Albany,  Ga. 

1911  Bennet,  William  S.,  Chicago,  111. 
1907  Bennett,  David  C,  Jr.,  New  York.  N.  Y 

1921  Bennett,   E.   Everett,   Los  Angeles,    Oil. 

1922  Bennett,  Eugene  D.,  San  Francisco.  Cal. 
1913  Bennett,  Frank  A.,  Mt.  Vcmon,  N.  \ 

1910  Bennett,  Hugh  M.,  Columbua,  Ohio. 
1922  Bennett,  James  S.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

1912  Bennett,  John  Henry,  Viroqua.  Wis. 

1915  Bennett,  John  L.,  Colorado  Springs, 
Colo. 

1917  Bennett,  Joseph  W.,  Brunswick,  Ga. 
1922  Bennett,  Oliver  P.,  Mapleton.  Iowa. 
1894  Bennett,  Samuel  C,  Boston.  Mass. 
1912  Bennett,  Smith  W.,  Columbua,  Ohio. 

1920  Bennett,  T.  T.,  Marshfleld,  Ore. 
1922  Bennett,  Vernon  P.,  San  Diego,  Gal. 

1921  Bennett,  W.  M.,  Buffalo,  S.  D. 
1921  Bennett,   W.  T.,  Marshalltown,    Iowa. 
1921  Benoy,  Wilbur  E.,  Columbus,  Ohio. 

1918  Benshimol,    David,   Douglas,    Ariz. 
1921  Bensinger,  Arthur  B.,  Louisville,  Kjr. 
1912  Benson,  Charles  B.,  Hudson,  N.  Y. 


ALPHAH£T1C'AL   LIST   OF   MIBMBKBS. 


733 


ELKCTEO 

1914  Benton,  Clifton  D.,  Miami,  Fla. 

10K2  Benson,  Quy  A,,  Racine,  Wia. 

1921  Benson,  Henry  N.,  St.  Peter,  Minn. 

1922  Benson,  John  C,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

1921  Benthin,  P.  J.,  Hayti,  S.  D. 

1914  Bentlej-,     Alexander     O.,     Washington. 

D.  C. 

1906  Bentley,  Qfrue,  Oiicsgo,  HI. 

1910  Bentley,  Frank  S.,  Baraboo,  Wis. 

1922  Bentley,  H.  O.,  Lima,  Ohio. 

1921  Bentley,   Henry,   Cincinnati.   Ohio. 

1922  Bentley,  Peter,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

1921  Bentley,  Samuel  E.,  New  Bedford,  Mass. 
1919  Benton.  A.  Judion,  Tscoma,  Wash. 
1919  Benton,  Jay  R.,  Boston,  Msaa. 

1922  Benzinger,  Harry  M.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1911  Berenson,  Arthur,  Boston,  Mass. 

1919  Berg,  E.  H.,  Coenr  d'Alene,  Idaho* 

1921  Berg,  Theodore,   Appleton,  Wis. 

1922  Berga,  Pablo,  Humacao,   P.   R. 

1913  Bergen,  Frank,  Newark,  N.  J. 

1900  Bergen,  James  J.,  Somerville,  N.  J. 

1918  Bergen,  Martin  V.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
1908  Bergen,  Tunis  O.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1922  Bergener,  Charles  O.,  Racine,  Wis. 
1922  Bergenfeld.  Frank  F.,  New  York.  N.  T. 

1912  Berger,  Albert  L..  Kansas  City,  Kans. 

1914  Berger,  Charles  E.,  Pottsrille,   Pa. 

1920  Berger,  Emanuel  T.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1921  Berger,  Henry  A.,   Chicago,  HI. 

1920  Berger,  Homer  H.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
1914  Berger,  Samuel  A.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1921  Berger,   William  B.,  Chicago,   111. 

1921  Bergerot,    P.    A.,   San   Francisco,   Cal. 

1922  Bergesen,  A.  R.,  Fargo,  N.  D. 
1921  Bergh;  Martin,  Sioux  Falls,  S.  D. 
1921  Bergin,  Frank  S.,   New  Haven,  Conn. 
1921  Bergson,  Samuel,   Boston,  Mass. 

1921  Berke,  E.    A.,   Elkton,   S.   D. 

1922  Berkebile,  Thomas  A.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
1914  Berkey,  J.  A.,  Somerset,  Ps. 

1919  Berkson,  Msurice,  Chicago,  III. 

1922  Berl,  Eugene  Ennalls,  Wilmington,  Del 

1921  Bcrlinicke.    Harry    Robert,    New    York, 
N.  Y. 

1910  Berman,  Jacob  H.,  Portland,  Me. 
1918  Berman,  Oscar  A.,  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 
192S  Bermeister,  A.  0.,  l^coma,  Wash. 
1921  Bern,  Edward  A.,  Chicago,  111. 

1921  Bernard,   Frederick  H.,  Tucson.   Ariz. 

1911  Bernard,  Silas  G..  Asheville.  S.  C. 

1922  Bemero,  Frank  A.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1910  Bemhard,  John  A.,  Newark.  N.  J. 
1917  Bemon,  Maurice,  Cleveland,  Ohio 

1920  Bems,  Julius  L.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
1922  Bernstein,   Alex.,  Portland,  Ore. 

1922  Bernstein,  Benjamin,  New  York.  N.   T. 

19J1  Bernstein,  Fred,  Chicago,  Til. 


1914  Bernstein,  J.  Sidney,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Bernstein,  Philip  M.,  Waterbury,  Conn. 

1919  Berrien,  Laura  M.,  Waahington,  D.  a 

1922  Berry,  Ben,  Stockton,  OaL 

1917  Berry,  Carroll,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1910  Berry.  Frank  A.,  Nashville,  fenn. 

1921  Beny,  Fred  L.,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 
1914  Berry,  Frederick  S.,  Wayne,  Nebr. 

1920  Berry,  George  A.,  Jr.,  Chicago,   UL 

1918  Berry,  Henry  N.,  Boston,  Maas. 
1912  Beny,  John  King,  Boston,  Maas. 
1918  Berry,  Maja  Leon,  Camden,  N.  J. 
1910  Berry,  W.  A.,  Paducah,  Ky. 
1880  Berry,  Walter  V.  R.,  Waahington.  D.  C. 

1921  Bertram,  H.  W.,  Harrisonburg,  Va. 

1922  Berren,  Louis,  Centerville,  &  D. 

1918  Beshlin,  E.  H.,  Warren,  Pa. 

1919  Besosa,  Harry  F.,  San  Juan,  P.  R. 
1912  Reason,  J.  W.  Rutus,  Hoboken,  N.  J. 

1922  Besson,  Samuel  A..  Hoboken.  N.  J. 

1918  B«t,  Ernest  O.,  Chicsgo.  HI. 
1922  Best,  Raymond,  Riverside,  Oal. 

1919  Beat,  William  H.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1914  Bettinger,  Albert,  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 

1906  Bettman,  Alfred,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1912  Bettman,  GUlbert,  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 
1914  Betts,  Samuel  R.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1910  Beury,  Charles  E.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1920  Beveridge,  Albert  J.,  Indianapolla,  Ind. 
1910  Beye,  William,  Chicago,  HI. 

1916  Beyer,  Harold  L.,  Grinnell,  Iowa. 

1921  Bianchi,  John,  Boston,   Maas. 

1917  Bias,  B.  Randolph,  Williamson.  W.  Va. 

1917  Bibb,  Eugene  8.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Bibb,  John  D.,  Anniston,  Ala. 

1921  Bibbee,  Jed.  B.,  Ironton,  Ohio. 

1922  Biby,  John  E.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
1921  Bicek,  Frank  H.,  Chicago,   111. 

1918  Bickel,  Paul  J.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
1921  Bickers,  R.  A.,  Culpepper,  Va. 
1921  Bickerton,   Joseph   P.,   Jr.,    New   York, 

N.  Y. 

1912  Blckford,  Herbert  J.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1921  Bickley,  Howard  L.,  Raton,  N.  Mex. 
1921  Bickley,  U.  F.,  Hamilton,  Ohio. 

1920  Bicknell,  Lewis  W.,  Webster.  S.  D. 

1913  Bicksler,  W.  8.,  Los  Angeles,  CsL 

1907  Biddle,  Charles,  Philsdelphis.  Pa. 

1921  Biddle,  J.  E.,  Greeneville,  Tenn. 
1921  Bidwell,  R.  B.,  Olendora,  Cal. 
1918  Bidwell,  Raymond  A.,  Springfield,  Mass. 

1914  Bielaski,  A.  Bruce,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1921  BielsU,  R.  A.,  Sioux  Falls,  S.  D. 
1912  Rien,  Franklin,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Bien,  Joseph  E.,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 
1922  Bierce,  Herbert  M.,   Winona,  Minn. 
1904  Bierer,  A.  G.  Cnrtin,  Guthrie.  Okla. 
1918  Biem,  Samuel.  Huntington.  W.  Va. 


734 


AMERICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


■LBOTED 

19:iU  Biernatzki.    Charles    A.,    Webster    City, 

Iowa. 

192S  Bigelow,  Horace  W.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1920  Bigelow,  NelsoD  Calvin.  Detroit.  Mich. 
1911  Bigelpw,  WillUm  Reed,  Boston.  Mass. 
1918  Biffga,  Charles  L.,  Cleveland.  Ohio. 
1918  Biggs,  Davis,  St  Louis,  Mo. 

1900  Biggs.  J.  Crawford,  Raleigh.  N.  0. 

1921  Biggs,   Leonard  S.,   Monroeville,   Ala. 
1914  Bigga,  Robert,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1922  Biglow,    L.    Horatio,    Jr.,    New    Yorlc. 

N.   Y. 

1916  Bihlmeier,  Frank  L.,  Muscatine,  Iowa. 
1908  Bijur,  Nathan.  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Bilby,   Ralph  W.,  Tucson,  Ariz. 
1913  Bilder,  David  H.,  Paterson.  N.  J. 

1922  Bilder,  Nathan,   Newark,   N.   J, 
1911  Bill,   Albert  C,   Hartford,  Conn. 
1922  Billings,  Addie  M.,  Calistoga,  Gal. 
1903  Billings.  Charles  L.,  Chicago,  ill. 

1917  Billings,  Cornnlius  C,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1922  Billings,  Willism  E.,  San  Fnncisoo,  OaL 

1908  Billingsley,   N.   B..  Lisbon.  Ohio. 
1922  Binford,  L.  B.,  Los  Angeles,  Gal. 

1922  Bingham,  Charles  W.,  Cedar  Rapids,  la. 

1920  Bingham,  George  H.,  Manchester,  N.  H. 

1918  Bingham,  Harry,  Littleton,   N.   H. 
1906  Bingham,  James,  Indianapolis,  ind. 

1916  Bingham,  Joseph  Walter.  SUnford  Uni> 

versity,  Cal. 

1911  Bingham,  Norman  W.,  Jr.,  Boston.  Mass. 
1906  Bingham,  Robert  W..  Louisville.  Ky. 
1922  Binnard,  Morris,  San  Diego,  GaL 

1921  Binns,  Henry  G.,  Columbus,  Ohio. 

1922  Binswanger,  Auguatus,  Chicago,  HI. 

1913  Binswanger,  Augustus  C,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1918  Binyon,  R.  A.,  Cleveland.  Ohio. 

1912  Bird.  Claire  B.,  Wausau,  Wis. 

1914  Bird.  Daniel  E.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
1885  Bird,  George  E.,  Portland,  Me. 

1921  Bird,  Richard  E.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

1919  Birdsflll,   Alice  M..   Phopnix,   Aria. 

1922  Birdsall.    W.   N.,  Waterloo,   Iowa. 

1917  Birely.   Charles  W.,    New  Haven,  Conn. 

1921  Bisbeo,  Leland  S.,  Jackson,  Mich. 

1922  Bischoir,  H.  J.,  San  Diego,  Gal. 

1921  Bischoff.  8.  J.,   Portland,  Oreg. 
1914  Bishop,  C.  OrHck,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

1911  Bishop,  Glias  B.,  Newton  Centre.  Mass. 

1920  Bishop,  Frank  S.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 
in4  Bishop,  Henry  W.,  Eustis.  Fla. 

1912  Bishop,  James  Franklin.  Chicago,  IlL 

1909  Bishop,  John  E.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1912  Bishop,  John  W.,  Nashville,  Ark.  « 

1918  Biasell,  Clarence  R.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
1911  Blsaell,  Frederick  O.,  Buffalo.  N.  T. 
1896  Bissell,  John  H.,  Detroit.  Mich. 

1922  Binett,  G.  P.,  Seattlfe.  Waah. 


BLECTKD 

iVi.6  Btssing,  William  P.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1921  Bittle,  J.  L.,   Heber  Springs,  Ark. 

1921  Bivans,  Fannie  A.,  Decatur,  III. 

1921  Blachl^,  Henry  W.,  Van  Wert,  Ohio. 

1916  Black,  Albert  W.,  Bay  aty,  Mich. 

1913  Black,  Alfi«d  P.,  San  Franciaco,  CaL 

1919  Black.  Charles  F.,  Burlington,  Vt. 
1921  Black,   Hal  M.,   WichiU,  Kan. 
1918  Black,     Heniy    Campbell,     Washington, 

D.  C. 

1921  Black,  Hugo  L.,  Birmingham,  Ala. 

1916  Black,  John  D.,  Chicago,  111. 

1913  Black,  Loring  M.,  Jr.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1920  Black,  Oliver  C,  Oklahoma  City.  Okla 

1921  Black.  Robert,  Gincionsti,  Ohio. 

1915  Black,  Robert  L.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1912  Black,   William  E.,  Milwaukee.    Wis. 

1921  Blackburn,  Jamet  H.,  Mt  Vernon,  lod. 
1»t<l  Biaikburn,  Thunias  W.,  Omsha.  .Nebr. 

1922  Blackford,  James  M.,  Libby,  Mont 

1918  Blackford,    R.   C,   Lynchburg.    Va. 

1916  Blackinton,  Oliver,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1921  Blackman,  W.   F.,  Alexandria,  La. 
1013  Blackmar,  Abel  E..  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

1921  Blackmon.  Rosa,  Anniston,  Ala. 

1922  Blackitock,  Charles  P.,  Oznard,  Gal. 

1913  Blackwell.  Geo.  Engs,  Kew  York,  N.   Y. 

1919  Blackwood.  Ira  C,  Spartansburg,  &  C. 

1921  Blackwood.   R.   E.,  Chicago.  HL 

1922  Blaha,  Ralph  G.,  Chicago,  IlL 
19(i8  Blaine,  Elbert  P.,  Seattle,  Wash. 
1F96  Blair,  Albert.  St.  Louia,  Mo. 
1921  Blair,  Albion  Z.,  Portsmouth,  Ohio. 
1913  Blair,  Burr  D.,  Winona.  Minn. 

1919  Blair,  D.  W.,  MarietU,  Qa. 

1920  Blair,  David  E.,  JefTerson  City,  Mo. 
1919  Blair.  Floyd  G.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Blair,  Fred   B.,  Manchester,   Iowa. 
1921  Blair,  Guy  M.,  Portsmouth,  Ohio. 
1907  Blair,  Henry  P.,  Washington.  D.  a 
1913  Blair,  James  T.,  Jefferson  City,  Mo. 
1886  Blair,  John  S.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

1911  Blair,  Joseph  Paxton.  New  York,  M.   T. 

1912  Blair,  R.  W.,  Topeka,  Kans. 

1912  Blair,  Robert  F..  Tulsa,  Okla. 

1921  Blair,    Robert    W.,    Detroit,    Mich. 

1922  Blake,  Bruce,  Spokane,  Waah. 

1913  Blake,  C.  O.,  El  Reno,  Oklahoma. 
1912  Blake.  Chauncey  E.,  Madison.  Wis. 

1921  Blake.   Earl,    WichiU.    Kan. 

1922  Blake,  George  H.,  Newark,  N.  J. 
1921  Blake,  Guy  M.,  Ohicago,  111., 

1917  Blake.  James  B..  Milwaukee.  Wis. 

1921  Blake,  Joseph  M.,  Canton,  Ohio. 

1914  niakely,    Elbert   Follett.    Psinesville,    O. 

1922  Blakeman,  T.  Z.,  San  Francisco.  CaL 

1918  Blakey,    William,  MontRomery,   Ala. 
1922  Blanchard,  Arthur  H.,  SanU  Paula.  Cal. 


ALPHABBTICAL  U8T  OF   MBMBBBS. 


736 


ll^i4  BUnchard,  O.  B.,  Columbtia,  Ohio. 

1907  Blanchard,  Gyrua  N.,  Wilton,  Me. 

1918  Blanchard,   Herbert  H.,  Springfield,   Vt 

1922  Blanchard,  Hham  A.,  San  Joee,  Oal. 

1900  Blanchard,  John,  Bellefonte,  Pa. 

191S  Blanchard,  Will  A.,  Anoka,  Minn. 

19n  Blanckeotmrg,  O.  B.,  San  Francisco,  OaL 

1918  Bland.  R.  Howard,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1917  Bland,  Robert  L.,  Wetton,  W.  Ta. 

1918  BUnd.  8.  O..  Newport  Newa,  Va. 

1921  Blankenbaker,    Felix,   Terre-Haute,    Ind. 

1922  Blankenbom,    D.    Eugene,    Jtney  Oity, 

N.  J. 

1922  Blanksten,  Samuel  B.,  Chicago,  III. 

1913  Blantqn,  Horace  H.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
1922  Blatner,  William  D.,  Ohicago,  111. 

1920  Blats.   Francia  J.,   PUinfleld,  N.  J. 
1922  Blau,  William,  New  York.  N.  T. 

1914  BUuvelt,  George  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1914  Blaxter,  H.  V..  Pittaburgfa,  Pa. 

1915  Blayney,  J.  M.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1918  Bledsoe.  Benjamin  F.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

1908  Bledsoe,  8.  T.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1921  Blemnan,  Oharles,  Tucson,  Aris. 
1920  Blesse,  William  J.,  St.  Louis,  Ma 
1904  Blerins,  John  A.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1922  Bliro,  Henxy  L.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1920  Blinn,  Clarence  J.,  Oklahoma  Oity,  Okla. 

1912  Blinn,  Geo.  Richard,  Boston,  Mass. 

1918  Bliss,  Harmon  J.,  St.  Louia,  Mo. 

1914  Bliss,  Willism  H..  SanU  Barbara,  Cal. 

1918  Bloch,  Adolph,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1914  Bloch,  Henry,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Bloch,  Joseph  C,  Clereland,  Ohio. 

1920  Bloch,  Maurice,  New  York.   N.   Y. 
1912  Block.  George  M.,  St.  Louia,  Mo. 
1918  Block,  J.  D..  Paragould,  Ark. 
1922  Block,  8.  John,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1921  Block,   Samuel,   Chicago,   III. 

1921  Block,  Sidney  H.,  Waukegan,  111. 

1918  Blocki,  Gale,  Chicago,  III. 

1906  Blodgett,  Edward  E.,  Boston,  Maas. 

1919  Blodgett,  Edward  W.,  Pawtucket,  R.  L 

1907  Blodgett,  Henry  W.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1918  Rlodtrett.  Wells  11.,  St.  Louis.   Mo. 

1922  Blohm,  Charles  H.,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 
18M  Blood,  Jamea  H.,  Denver,  Colo. 

1916  Blood.  Walter  W.,  Denver,  Colo. 

1919  Blood.  William  G.,  Keokuk.  Iowa. 

1911  Bloodgood,  Francia.  Jr.,  Milwaukee,  Wia. 

1912  Bloodgood,  Wheeler  P.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
1919  Blood  worth.  C.  T..  Corning,  Ark. 

1921  Bloom,  Darid  H.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1922  Bloom,  J.  A.,  Dewitt,  Iowa. 

1914  Bloomberg.  Harold  S.,  Richmond,  Va. 

1915  Blount.  G.  Dexter,  Denver,  Colo. 
1922  Blount,  J.  Henry,  Jackaonville,  Fla. 

1917  Blue.  Frederick  O.,  Charleston,  W.  Va. 

24 


■LMTBD 

1921  Blum,   A.   M.,  Chicago,  IIL 

1921  Blum,  Henry  S.,  Ohicago,  111. 

1921  Blumberg,   Benjamin,  Terre-Haute.   ttkd. 

1921  Blumberg,  Nathan  8.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1922  Blumberg,  BamueL  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1921  Blume,  Fred  H.,  Cheyenne,  Wyo. 

1922  Blumenthal,  Eugene^  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1920  Blumenthal,  Isadora  8.,  Chicago,   III. 
1918  Bhuienthal,  Maurice  B.,  New  York, 

N.  Y. 

1921  Blumenthal,  Oscar,  Ohicago,  111. 
1921  Blumrosen,  Darid,  Chicago,  HI. 
1921  Bluxome,  Joseph  F.,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 
1907  Blymyer,  William  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Blyths,  O.  V.  F.,  Hendersonville,  N.  O. 

1922  Boalt.  Gilbert  D.,  San  Jose,  Cal. 
1918  Boardman,   G.   H.   B..   Marsha  iltuwn, 

Iowa. 

1918  Boardman,  Louis  P.,  Los  Angeles,  Oal. 

1912  Boardman,  Richard,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 
1914  Bobb,  Dwlght  a,  Chicago,  HI. 

1913  Bockes,  Thomas  W.,  Omaha,  Ifebr. 
1913  Bockius,  Morris  R..  PhiUdelphU,  Ps. 

1920  Bocock,  John  H.,  Richmond,  Va. 

1921  Boddington,    Edward   M.,    Kansas   City, 
Kan. 

lim  Bodey,  E.   L.,  Urbana,  Ohio. 

1922  Bodge,  Eugene  L.,   Portland,   Me. 
1928  Bodine,  Joseph  L.,  Trenton,  N.  J. 
1916  Bodine.  W.  B..  Jr.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 
1922  Bodkin,  Henry  0.,  Los  Angeles,  Oal. 
1922  Boehm,  Paul  W.,  Hettinger,  N.  D. 

1912  Boesel.  Frsnk  Tilden,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

1913  Bogardua,  John  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Bogart,  Paul  N.,  Terre-Haute,  Ind. 

1918  Bogert,  George  G.,  Ithaca.  N.  Y. 
1906  Bogert,  Henry  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Boggess,  Leaton  M.  O.,  Peoria,  HI. 

1921  Boggess,  W.  F.,  Del  Rio,  Tezss. 

1919  Boggs,  G.  Robert  J.,  Boston.  Maaa. 

1922  Boggs,  Luclen  H.,  Washington,  D.  0. 

1921  Bogle.  G.  Otla,  Brinkley  Cfty.  Ark. 

1922  Bogle,  Lawrence,  Seattle,  Wash. 
1906  Bogle,  W.  H.,  Seattle.  Waah. 
1916  Bogue,  Andrew  S.,  Parker,  S.  D. 

1914  Bogue,  Frederick,  Eaat  Machias,  Me. 
1914  Bogue,     Morion    Griswold.    New    York, 

N.  Y. 

1920  Bohannon,    Earl.   Muakogee.   Okla. 
1919  Bohannon,    J.    Gordon,    Peterabiirg,    Va. 

1921  Bohleber,  WillUm,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
lim  Bohlen.  Francis  H..  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

1922  Bohlittger,  Neill,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 
1911  Bohmrich.  Louis  G.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
1922  Bohnett,  L.  D.,  San  Jose,  OaL 
1922  BoiSKSU,  Marion  E.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1922  Boland,  F.   Eldred,  San  Francisco,  OaL 
1921  Boland,  Frank  A.  K.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


736 


AMEHICAN    BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


192U  BolenuiB,  Austin  P.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1917  Boles,  E.  H..  New  York.  N.   Y. 

1919  Boliofer,  W.  A.,  Washington,  D.  a 
1909  Bollinger,  James  Wills.  Davenport.  Iowa. 

1917  Bollmann,  Carl  P.,  New  Haven.  Conn. 

1920  Bollmann,  Prank  E.,  New  Haven.  Conn. 

1921  Bolsinger,  H.  C,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1911  Bolster,   Percy  G.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1919  Bolster,  Stanley  M.,  Boston.  Mass. 

1912  Bolte.  G.  Arthur.  Atlantic  City.  N.  J. 

1922  Bolton,  Arthur  W.,  San  Ptandaco,  Oal. 

1912  Boltwood.   Lucius,  Grand   Rapids.   Mich. 
1911  Bomar,  Horace  L.,  Spartanburg,  S.  O. 
1907  Bomberger,  L.  L.,  Hammond,  Ind. 

1918  Bomeialer,  Louis  E.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1911  Bond.  Carroll  T.,  Baltimore.  Md. 

1921  Bond,  Pred  M.,  South  Bend,  Wash. 

1922  Bond,  George  H.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

1919  Bond,  Henry  H.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1909  Bond,  Lawrence,  Boston,  Mass. 

1917  Pond.  I.<^is  R.,  Morrisville.  Ps. 
1922  Bond(  Nat.  W.,  New  Orleans,  La. 

1920  Bond,  R,   H..  Jackson.  Tenn. 

1913  Bond,  Reford,  Chirkasl.a.  OkU, 
1981  Bond,  S.   H.,  Gate  City,  Va. 

1880  Bond.  Samuel  R.,  Washington,  D.  O. 

1911  Bond,  Sterling  P.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1911  Bond,  Thomas,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

1911  Bond,  Walter  H..  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1920  Bonds,  Archibald,  Muskogee.  Okla. 

1921  Bondurant,    George    Perkins,     Birming- 

ham, Ala. 

1921  Bondy,  Eugene  L.,  New  York.  N.   Y. 

1922  Bondy,  Joseph,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 
1913  Bondy,  William,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Bone,  Eugene  E.,   Springfield,  lU. 

1920  Bone.  Samuel  M.,  Batesville,  Ark. 

1921  Bonham,  Prank  S.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1911  Bonham.    Milledge   L.,    Anderson.    S.   C. 
1916  Bonner,  Wm.  N..  Wichita  Falls,  Tex. 

1913  Bonsall.  Edwsrd  H..  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

1922  Bonstead,  D.  H.,  Toppenish,  Wash. 
19'«1  Pontnjre.  Robert  W.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1922  Boone,  FVank  G.,  Modesto,  Gal. 

1921  Boone,    Gordon,   Corpus   Christi.    Texas, 

1921  Boone,  J.  C,  Salem,  Ohio. 

1922  Boone,  Thomas  C,  Modesto,  CaL 

1921  Boone,  Thomas  R.,  Wichita  Palls,  Texas. 
192n  Boorstin,  Samuel  A.,  Tn1«s.  Okla. 

1922  ISooae,  Oscar  L.,  Sunnyside,  Wash. 

1916  Booth,  Chsrles  D.,  Portland,  Me. 

1918  Booth.  G.  Walter,  Akron,  Ohio. 
1920  Booth,  George  E.,  Kansas  City.  Mo. 
1922  Booth,    Henley   Clifton,    San   Pranciaco, 

Oal. 

1917  Booth,  Henry  J.,  Columbus,  Ohio. 

1914  Booth,  Hiram  £.,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 


BLBCTBD 

192!  Booth,     John    Parichurrt,     New    York, 
N.  Y. 

1913  Booth,  John  R.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 
1922  Booth,  Lee  Madden,  Jacksonville,  Pis. 

1911  Booth,  Percy  N.,  Louisville,  iCy. 

1906  Booth,  Wilbur  P.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

1914  Boothe,  Gardner  L.,  Alexandria.  Va. 
1921  Boos,  John  Taylor,  Chicago,  111. 
1920  Borchard.  Edwin  M..  New  Haven,  Oonn. 

1907  Borchert,  Hermann,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1913  Borders,  M.  W.,  Chicago,  111. 
1920  Bordwell,  Percy,  Iowa  City,  Iowa. 
1916  Bordwell,  Walter,  Los  Angeles.  CaL 

1920  Boreman,   Gilbert   P.,   Ely,   Nevada. 

1921  Borland.  Middleton  S.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1922  Borland,  Robert  H.,  San  Prandsco,  CaL 

1914  Bomeman,  Henry  8.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1921  Borrelli,  Prancis,  Chicago,  111. 

1912  Borst,  Henry  V.,  Amsterdam,  N.  T. 

1922  Borth,  Oscar,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1911  Bosard,  Robert  H.,  Minot,  N.  D. 

1913  Bosley,    Wm.    Bradford,   San   Franciaoo. 
Cal. 

1912  Boss,  Henry  M.,  Jr.,  Providence,  R.  L 

1916  Boason,  Albert  D.,  Chelsea,  Msss. 
1920  Bcitian,  W.  B.,  Kanas  City,  Mo. 

1920  Bostick,  Chsrles  R.,  Tuln,  Okla. 
1907  Boston,  Chsrles  A.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1910  Boston,  John  Guyton,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1917  Bostwick,  Edward  H.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 
1919  Bostwick,   R.  G.,  Pittsburgh.  Ph. 
1906  Bostwick,  Wm.  M.,  Jr.,  JacksonvHl^, 

Fla. 

1921  Boswell,  0.  A.,  Bartow,  Pla. 

1911  Bosworth,    Charles    Wilder,    Springfield, 
Mass. 

1905  Bosworth,  Orrin  L.,  Bristol,  R.  L 

1919  Bosworth,  Robert  Graham,  Denver.  Colo. 

1919  Bothne,  N.  J.,  New  Rockford,  N.  D. 

1913  Bothwell,  James  R.,  Twin  Palls.  Idaho. 

1919  Bottomly,  Robert  J.,  Boston.  Mass. 
1917  Botts,  Clarence  M.,  Albuquerque,  N.  H. 

1920  Botts,    Ebert  J..   Honoluln,   HawaiL 

1921  Botts,  Pred,  Miami,  Pla. 

1922  Botts,  H.  T.,  Tillemook,  Ore. 

1916  Botts,  Joseph  S.,  Lexington,  Ky. 

1921  Bouanchaud,  Hewitt,  New  Roada,  La. 
1913  Bouchelle,  J.  P.,  Charleston.  W.  Va. 

1920  Boucher,  John  J.,  Chicago,  HI. 
1901  Bouck,  Prancis  E.,  Lead vi lie.  Colo. 
1895  Boudeman.  Dallas.  Kalamazoo,  Mich. 

1922  Boudin,  Louis  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1919  Boughton,  B.   V.,  Coeur  d*Alene,  Idaho. 
1913  Bouffhton.  Edward  J.,  Washington,  D.  O. 
1922  Bouhan,  John  J.,  Savannah,  Oa. 

1921  Bouic,  W.  G.,  Hot  Springs,  Ark. 

1917  Boulware,  Thomas  M.,  Barnwell.  8.   O. 


ALPHABSTICAL   LIST   OF    MBMBEBfl. 


*3r 


19U 
191S 
IMl 
1921 
1910 
19S1 
1921 
1011 
1922 
1922 
1917 
1V14 
1919 
1919 


1922 
1911 
1917 
1912 
1892 
1921 

1910 
1921 
1913 
1914 
1921 
1918 
1911 
1914 
19U 
1917 
1914 
1928 


1914 
1928 
1916 
1910 
1920 
1982 
1914 
1921 
1918 

1921 
19^8 
1911 
1914 
1921 
1918 
1916 
1922 
1906 
1918 


Boorfcois,  Qeorge  A.,  Atltntic  Citj* 

N.  J. 
Bourne,  Louis  M.,  Aafaerflle,  N.  C. 
Bourquin,  George  U.,  Butte,  l^ont. 
BoiMball,  John  H.,  Raleigh.  N.  O. 
Boutell,  Viands  L.,  Ghicago,  111. 
Boutelle.  M.   H.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Boutwell,  Harvey  L.,  Boston,  Mass. 
Boure,  Clement  L.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Bourier,  John  V.,  Jr.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Bowden,  Nicholas,  San  Jose,  Gal. 
Bowe,  Augustine  J.,  Chicago,  HI. 
Bowe,  Stuart,  Richmond,  Va. 
Bowen,  A.  T..  Knoxville.  Tenn. 
Bowen,  H.  Ashley,  I^mn,  Mass. 
Bowen,  Jesse  N.,  Baltimore.  Md. 
Bowen,  Wm.  A.,  Los  Angeles,  Gal. 
Bowen,  Wm.  M.,  Los  Angeles,  Gal. 
Bowen.  William  M.  P.,  Providence,  R.  L 
Bower,  J.  C.,  Lexington,  N.  G. 
Bowers.  E.  A.,  El  kins,  W.  V«. 
Bowers,  E.  J..  New  Orleans,  La. 
Bowers,  Herbert  O.,   9outh  Manchester, 

Conn. 
Bowers,  John  O.,  Gary,  Indiana. 
Bowen,  Lee  M.,  Huntington,  Ind. 
Bowers.  Richard  S.,  Caldwell.  Tex. 
Bowers,  Spotswood  D.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Bowers,   Walter   L.,   Los   Angeles,    Gal. 
Bowen,  Wm.  O.,  Giddings,  Tex. 
Bowersock,  Justin  D..  Kansas  City.  Mo. 
Bowie,  Clarence  K.,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Bowie.  J.  F.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
Bowie,  T.  C,  Jefferson,  N.  C. 
Bowie,  Washington,  Jr..  Baltimore,  Md. 
Bowker,  Don  G.,  Ventura,  Gal. 
Bowker.  Edgar  M.,  Whitefleld,  N.  H. 
Bowker.  George  C.  PhiUdelphia.  Pa. 
Bowlby,  John  H.,  Ban  Diego,  Gal. 
Bowler,  Edward  R.,  Sheboygan.  Wis. 
Bowler,  Timothy  M.,  Sheboygan,  Wis. 
Bowlca,  Chsrles,  Detroit.  Mich. 
Bowman.  Abram  B.,  San  Diego,  OaL 
Bowman,  Border,  Springfield,  Ohio. 
Bowman.  Harold  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Bowman,    Harold    M.,    Newton    Centre, 


Bowman,  Harry  S.,  Santa  Fe,  N.  Mez. 
Bnwman.  J.  Riden.  8prin«fl#»M.  Ohio. 
Bowman.  Noah  L..  Oamett.  Kans. 
Bowman.  W    P..  Philadelphia.  Pa. 
Bowser,  Fnncis  E.,  Warsaw.  Ind. 
Bowser.  S.  P.,  Butler.  Pa. 
Boxley.  FT«-d.  A..  Kansas  Oitv,  Mo. 
Boyce.  William,  Amarlllo,  Texas. 
Boyd,  A.  Hunter,  Cumberland,  Md. 
Boyd.  A.  Hunter,  Jr.,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Boyd.  Claraice  T.,  NaabTille.  Tena. 


1916  Boyd,  Cornelius  A.,  Ogden.  Utah. 
1919  Boyd,  Francis  R.,  Boston,  Maaa. 
1918  Boyd,  H.  R.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 
1918  Boyd,  J.  0.,  Keokuk,  Iowa. 

1918  Boyd,  James  E.,  Greensboro,  N.  0. 

1918  Boyd,  James  T.,  Reno,  Ner. 

1914  Boyd,  W.  H.,  aeveland,  Ohio. 

1918  Boyden,  Roland  W..  Boston,  MasSL 

1914  Boyer,  John  S.,  St  Joseph,  Mo. 

1981  Boyeaen,  Alf  E.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

1917  Boyesen,  HJalmar  H.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1922  Bo^ken,  A.  W.,  San  Fnndaoo,  Gal. 

1918  Boy  Ian,  Edward  H.,  Akron,  Ohio. 
1921  Boylan,  Peter  Richard,  Chicago,  HI. 
1921  Boyle,  Edward,  Chicago,  111. 

1919  Boyle,  James  Patrick,  Douglaa,  Aria. 
1910  Boyle,  Lawrence  P.,  Chicago,  111. 

1916  Boyle,  Murat,  Kansas  City.  Mo. 

1917  Boyle,  R.  J.,  San  Antonio.  Texaa. 

1910  Boyle,  William  C,  Cleveland.  Ohio. 
1913  Boynton,  Albert  E.,  San  Franciaco,  CaL 
1921  Boynton,  Ben  B.,  Springfield.  III. 

1921  Boyn!on,  Charles  A.,  Waco,  Texas. 

1922  Boynton.    Charles    C..    San    Francisco, 

Gal. 

1921  Boynton,  WOliam  P..  Alton,  HI. 

1906  Boys,  WlllUm  H.,  Strealor.  III. 

1920  Bozard,  Joseph  K..   Steamboat  Springs, 

Colo. 

1907  Bozeman,  Albert  S..  Meridian,  Miss. 

1922  Bncelen,  Charles  M..  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1911  Bracken,  Francis  B.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1921  Bracken,  William  K..  Bloomington.  HI. 

1912  Brackett,   Edgar  T.,   Saratoga   Springs, 

N.  Y. 

1918  Bradbury,  Hany  B..  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1918  Braden.  James  P.,  Washington,  Pa.' 

1922  Bradfleld.  George  H..  Gteel^.  Oolo. 
1980  Bradfleld,  Thomaa  C.  Logantport,  Ind. 
1886  Bradford,  Edward  G..  Wihnington,  DeL 

1911  Bradford,  Ernest  W..  Washington.  D.  0. 

1912  Bradford,  Francis  8.,  Appleton.  Wis. 
1921  Bradford,  John  M..  St  Paul.  Minn. 
1921  Bradford.  Philander  S..  Columbus.  Ohto. 

1921  Bradham.  D.  A.,  Warren,  Ark. 

1913  Bradlee.  Edward  C.  Boston,  Masa. 

1922  Bradlee.  Helen  West,  Boston,  Maas. 
1922  Bradley.  C.  C,  Lemars,  Iowa. 

1921  Bradley,  Christopher  M..  San  Frandseo, 

Gal. 

1921  Bradley,   Dawson   E.,   Cincinnati,   Ohio. 

1921  Bradley,  John,  Wellington,  Kan. 

1914  Bradley.  Lee  C.  Birmingham,  Ala. 
1914  Bradley,  Ralph  R.,  Chicago,  111. 

1921  Bradley,  S.  Duncan,  Washington,  D.  O. 

1922  Bradley.  Thomas  K.  D.,  Chicago.  111. 
1907  Bradley.  WiUiam  M.,  Portland,  Ms. 


738 


AMEBICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


1916 
1918 
1916 
1911 
1914 
1921 
1918 
1921 
1899 
1921 
1911 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1981 
1914 
1913 
1918 
1920 
1922 
1916 
1916 
191S 
1920 
1913 
1911 
1920 
1912 
1922 

1913 
1916 
1922 
1920 
1919 
IfSl 

1913 
1897 
1914 
1913 
1903 
1906 
1914 
1922 
1917 
1922 
1922 
1921 
1928 
1914 
1913 
1909 
1921 
1916 
1M9 
1921 
1913 


Bradley,  Win.  M.,  fclt  Lake  City,  Utah, 
bndner,  B.  J.,  Loi  Ang^lea,  Cal. 
Bradahaw,  Qiarlea  S.,  Des  Hoinea,  Iowa. 
Bradshaw,  George  S.,  Oreenaboro,  N.  0. 
Bradahaw,  Henry  A.,  Florence,  Ala. 
Bradahaw,   W.   L.,  Wheeling,  W.  Va. 
Bradahaw,  William  F.,  Paducah,  Ky. 
Bradwell,  J.  D.,  Athena,  Oa. 
Brady,  Arthur  W.,  Andenon,  Ind. 
Brady,  Charles  E.,  Manitowoc,  WI& 
Brady,  George  Moore,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Brady,  J.  H.,  Kanaaa  City.  Kan. 
Brady,  James  A.,  New  Tork,  N.  T. 
Brady,  Jaa.  X*.,   Pittsburgh,  Penn. 
Brady,  James  W.,  Bartow,  Fit. 
Brady,  John  T.,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 
Brady,  Michael  C,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Brady,  Thomas,  Jr.,  Brookhaven,  Miss. 
Brady,   Walter  L.,  St.   Louis,  Mo. 
Brady.  William  N.,  Chicago,  111. 
Brady.  William  Walter,  Kansas  City.  Mo. 
Bragaw,  Stephen  C,  Washington,  N.  C. 
Brainard,  John  M.,  Auburn,  N.  Y. 
Brainerd,  Ena.  Jr..  Muskogee.  Okla. 
Brainerd,  Ira  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Braley,  Heniy  K.,  Boston,  Mass. 
Bramble,  Forrest,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Bramlett,  W.  Sherwood,  Dallas,  Tex. 
Bramlette,  David  Clay,  Jr.,  Woodville, 


Bramlette,  E.  M.,  Longview,  Tex. 
Branch,  Oliver  W.,  Manchester,  N.  H.  . 
Brand,  Clyde  H.,  Sacramento,  Oal. 
Brand,  George  E.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
Brand,  William  C.  H.,  Providence.  R.  L 
Brandenburg,    Edwin    E.,     Washington, 

O.    0. 
Brandenstein,  H.  U.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Brandon,  Morris,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
Branine,  Kara,  Newton,  Kansaa. 
Brann,  Wslter  S.,  San  Francisco,  Csl. 
Brannon,  W,  W.,  Weston.  W.  Va. 
Brantl^,  Theodore,  Helena,  Mont. 
Brantley,  W.  G..  Washington.  D.  O. 
Brattin,  Carl  L.,  Sidney,  Mont. 
Bratton.  Sam  G.,  Clovis,  N.  M. 
Braun,  Max  M.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
Bray,  A.  P.,   Martinez,   Cal. 
Bray,  James  A.,  Joliet,  HI. 
Bray,  Ross,  Denver,  Colo. 
Bray,  Thomas  J.,  Oskaloosa,  Iowa. 
Brayton,  Dean  F.,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 
Bra>-ton,  Israel,  Fall  River,  Mass. 
Brsaell,  Edward  J.,  Portland,  Or^. 
Breaker.  George  J..  St  Louis,  Mo. 
Bresux,  Joseph  A..  New  Orleana.  La. 
Breaseale,  Phanor,  Natchitoches,  La. 
Breaceale,  Samuel  A.,  Harriman,  Tenn. 


ELKCTBB 

1921 
1912 


1914 
919 
912 
917 
917 

1907 
921 
921 
921 
.922 
897 
,922 
922 
922 
913 
913 
Oil 
914 
919 
916 
921 
921 
921 
911 
918 
921 
920 
920 
900 
918 
914 
922 
922 
920 
916 
922 
921 
906 
920 
921 
913 
916 
913 
912 
917 

919 
917 
912 
914 
918 

981 


Breckenridge,  Jamea  J.,  San  Diego,  Oal. 
Breckinridge,      A.      N..      Summersville. 

W.  Va. 
Breckinridge,  Henry,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Breckinridge,  M.  A.,  Tulsa,  Okla. 
Breding,  Ben  N.,  Chicago,  IlL 
Bree,  William  A.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 
Breed.  Jamea  McV,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Breed,  WUliam  C,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Breeden,    Waldo   P.,    Pittsburgh,    Peas. 
Breen,  James  W.,  Chicago,  HI. 
Breen,   Maurice  J.,   Fort  Dodge,   Iowa. 
Breen,  Peter  A.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Breen,  William  P..  Fort  Wayne.  Ind. 
BreeK,  Clarence  Dean,  L«a  Vegas,  Nev. 
Brecse,  Thomaa  H.,  Ban  Frandsoo,  Oal. 
Breining,  John  W.,  Marine  City.  Mich. 
Breitinger,  F.  L.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 
Breitinger,  J.  Louia,  PhiUdelphia,  Pa. 
Bremer,  Clifton  L.,  Boston,  Maas. 
Bremer,  Paul  G.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
Bremner,  Leith  S.,  Richmond.  Va. 
Bremner.   W.   H.,   Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Brendecke,  Wslter  A.,  Chicago,  III. 
Brennan,  Hubert  A.,  L'Anae.  Mich. 
Brennan,  J.  H.,  Wheeling,  W.  Va. 
Brennan,  .'ohn  F.,  Yonkera.  N.  Y. 
Brennan,  John  H.,  Tulsa,  Okla. 
Brennan,  Joseph  P.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
Brennan.  Martin  J.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
Brennan,  Redmond  6.,  Kanaaa  City.  Mo. 
Brennan,  Robert,  Loa  Angelea.  Cal. 
Brennan,  Ruasell  H.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Brennen.   W.  J.,   Pittsburgh.  Pa. 
Brannen,  William  J.,  Kalispell,  Mont. 
Brenner,  Alfred,  Bi^oone,  N.  J. 
Brenner,  Harry  A.,  Springfield,  Ohio. 
Breslsuer,  Arthur.  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
Brealin,  George  M,  Los  Angeles,  Oal. 
Brett,  Frank  P.,  Waterbury,  Conn. 
Brewer,  Daniel  C,  Boston,  Maaa. 
Brewer,  Joseph  H..  New  Orleana,  La. 
Brewer,  Oxero  0.,  Helena,  Ark. 
Brewer,  PhiL  D.,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 
Brewer,  Samuel  S.,  Pera,  Indiana. 
Brewster,  Frank,  Boston.   Mass. 
Brewster,  Joseph,   New  York.   N.   T. 
Brewster,     0.     Byroa,     Bliabethtown, 

N.  Y. 
Brewster,  Ralph  O..  Portlsnd,  Me. 
BHce,  Chsrles  R.,  Roswell.  N.   U. 
Brice,  Philip  H.,  Philadelphis,  Pa. 
Brice,  Wilson  B..  New  York,  N.   T. 
Brickenrtein,  John  H.,  Wsshington. 

D.   C. 
Brickley,      Bartholomew     A,      Boctaa, 


914    Bride,  William  W.,  WashiivtoB,  D.  a 


AlfHABKHOAL  U8T  OF  MBICBBBS. 


789 


BLBCTED 


1914  Bridftf,  Botwell  C,  Winton,  N.  C. 

1917  Bndf«n,  J.  H.,  HendcrtoD,  N.  0. 
1888  Bridgert,  John  L.,  Tarboro,  N.  O. 
1919  BridSM,  Elia  W.  M.,  Hopkioton,  IftH. 
1908  BridgM,   J.   B.,  Olympla,    Wuh. 

1918  Bridges.  Wm.  Marshal],  Florence,  8.  O. 
1922  Bridirford,    Eugene    A.,    San    Pranciaoo, 

Cal. 

1916  Briere,  Charlaa  B.,  Qraad  Bapidi,  Win 

1982  Brieaen,  Frits  ▼.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1908  Briggs,    Aaa   O.,    St.    Paul.    Minn. 

1922  Brifga,  E.  D.,  Aahland,  Ore. 

1921  Brigga,    Heuy  D.»   Monroe,   La. 

1921  Brigga,    Juatua   A.,    Jr.,    New   Bedford, 


1918  Brigga,    Wflliam    A.,    Oklahoma    City, 

OkU. 

1922  Brfgfa,  WiUiam  M.,  Aahland,  Ore. 

1918  Bright,  Prank  &,   Washington,   D.  C. 

1912  Bright,  Robert  S.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1982  Brill,  Abraham,  B(««t  York.  N.  T. 

1981  Brill.  J.  Lecnard^-^cago.  111. 

1911  Brimmtr,  Oeorge  ttt  fiawlins,  Wyoming. 

1981  Briodel,    Harry,    iM|erstown,    Md. 
1921  Brink,  Edward  H.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1982  Brink,  Virgil  0..  Boaton,  Maaa. 

1918  Brinton,  Jasper  Y.,   Alexandria,  Egypt. 

1917  Brinton,  Sharswood,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
1900  Briicoe,  John  P.,  Prince  Frederick,  Md. 
1921  Bristol,  Oeorge  W.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1981  Bristol,    John    W..    New    Haven,    Conn. 
1914  Bristol,  William  A..  Statesville,  N.  G. 
1911  Bristol,   WilHsm  C,   Portland,   Oregon. 
1914  Briator,  Joseph  W.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1918  Britain,   A.    H.,  Wichita   Falhi,  Tox. 
1888  Britt,  E.   W.,  Los  Angeles.  Cal. 
1918  Britt,  James  J.,  Waahington,  D.  0. 

1982  Britt,  L.  8.,  El  Dorado,  Ark. 
1911  Britt,  Philip  J.,  New  York,  N.   Y. 
1918  Britt,  T.  Lonia  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1918  Brittain,  Frank  8.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
1906  Britton,   Alexander,   Washington,   D.   O. 
1911  Britton,   Roy  F..   St.  Louis,   Mo. 

1981  Britton,  William  E.,  Bloomington,  Ind. 

1920  Britton,   William  J.,   Wolfsboro,   N.   H. 

1920  Briasolara,  John,  Fort  Smith,  Ark. 

1920  Brcsddos,  Bower,  Muakogee,  Okla. 

1916  Broadhurst,  Edgar  D.,  Cheensborn,  N.  C. 

1921  Bresdstone,  M.  A.,  Xenia,  Ohio. 
1921  Bresdwell,  Charles,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1918  Brosdwin,   Isidor  L.,  New  York.   N.    Y. 
1921  BrondTf  Jefferson  H.,  Lincoln,  Neb. 
1918  Brobeck,  W.  I.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1910  Brock,  Charles  E.,  Clereland,  Ohio. 
1909  Brodi,   Charlea  R.,   Denyer,   Colo. 
1920  Brock,  Elmer  L.,  DenTer,  Colo. 

1917  Brock,  Walter  E.,  Wadeaboro,  N.  a 

1911  Bfeoekttt,  0.  M.,  Dcs  lloinea.  Iowa. 


921 
907 
919 
920 
921 
1921 
900 


917 
921 

906 
913 
914 
920 
981 


908 
921 
908 
909 
922 
919 
918 
921 
909 
911 
920 
913 
922 
921 

921 


906 
918 
914 
918 

919 

920 

920 

921 

914 

917 

921 

907 

922 

921 

916 

921 

913 

922 

920 

921 

921 


Brockllsi,  Prank  E.,  Minden,^  Nermds. 
Brockman,  B.  W.,  Pine  Bluff,  Ark. 
Brodek,  Charles  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Broderick,  Comeliua  J.,  Lenox,  Mass. 
Broderick,  Jsmes  A.,  Manchester,  N.  H. 
Brody,  Joseph  I.,  Des  Moines,   Iowa. 
Broeman,  Charles  W.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
Brogan,  Francis  A.,  Omaha,  Nebr. 
Brogsn,  Thomaa  J.,  Jersqr  City,  N.  J. 
Brogden,  W.  J.,  Durham.  N.  C. 
Brokmeyer,    Eugene    C,     Waahington, 

D.  a 
Bromberg,  Frederick  G.,  Mobile,  Ala. 
Bromberg,  Henri  Louie,  Dallas,  Texas. 
Brome,   Clinton,  Omaha,   Nebr. 
Bronsugh,  Csrl  C,  Portland,  Ore. 
Bronson,  -  Clarence    W.,     New    Karen, 

Conn. 
Bronaon,  David  E.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
Bronaon.   Harrison. A.,   Bismarck,   N.    D. 
Bronson,  Henry,  Manchester,  Iowa. 
Bronson.  Ira,  Seattle,  Wash. 
Bronson.  Nathaniel  R.,  Waterbury,  Conn. 
Bronson,  Roy  A.,  San  Francisco.  Cal. 
Bronson.  Sherlock.   Richmond.  Va. 
Brooke,  H.  Laurence,  Norfolk,  Va. 
Brookman.  Douglas.  San  Francisco,  Gal. 
Brooks.  Aubrey  L.,  Greensboro,  N.  C. 
Brooks,    C.    H.,   Wichita,    Kansaa. 
Brooks,    Eck    E.,    Muskogee,    Okls. 
Brooks,  Frederick  H.,  Smithfleld,  N.  C. 
Brooks,  George  P.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 
Brooks,     George     Murray,     New     York, 

N.   Y. 
Brooks,   Harry  L.,  New  Hsven,  Conn. 
Brooks,   Herbert  L.,   Helena,   Mont. 
Brooks,  J.  W.,  Wslla  Walla,  Wash. 
Broolcs,  John  B.,  Erie,  Pa. 
Brooks,  Joseph  S.,  Kansas  Cftv,  Mo. 
Brooks,    Lawrence    G.,    West    Medford, 

Mass. 
Brooks,  Lee,  Canton,   Pa. 
Brooks,  Leon  G.,  Brewton,  Als. 
Brooks,  Louis  J..  Jr.,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
Brooks,    Willsrd,    Wichita,    Kan. 
Broomall,  John  M.,  Media,  Pa. 
Broomsll,  W.  B.,  Chester,  Pa. 
Brosmith,    Allan   E.,    Hartford,   Conn. 
Brosmith.    William,   Hartford,   Conn. 
Brosnan,  John  Francis,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Brothere,  David  M..  Chicago,  111. 
Brothers,  Elmer  D.,  Chicago,  HI. 
Brothers,  William  Vincent,  Chicago,  fll. 
Broughel,  Andrew  J,.  Hartford,  Conn. 
Broughton,  E.  B.,  Modesto,  Oil. 
Broughton,  Len  G.,  Jr.,  Knoxville,  Tenn. 
Brouillard  T.   L.,   Ellendsle,   N.    D. 
Broaillet,  A.  W.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


r40 


AMXBICAX  BAM  ABAOOIAXIOV. 


1921  Broufllet,  Hector  A.,  CRiicft«o»  DL 

1922  Broolllette.  H.  L,  Sioux  Oi^,  Iowa. 
1918  BrouM,  Edwin  W..  Akron,  Obio. 
1917  Brower,  Ernest  C.  Brooklyn,  N.  T. 
1921  Brown,  Alljm  L.»  Norwich,  Oona. 
1914  Brown,  Armstead,  Miami.  Fla. 

1920  Brown,  Arthur  C,  Kansaa  City,  Mo. 

1917  Brown,   Arthur  M..   Norwich,   Conn. 
1914  Bivwn,  Ben  Hill.  Spartanburg,  8.  O. 

1921  Brown,  Bererly,  Oharleaton,   W.   Va. 

1913  Brown,  Calvin  L..  St.  Paul.  Minn. 
1890  Brown,  Chapln,  Waahinffton,  D.  C. 
1902  Brown,   Charica   A.,   Chicago,    HI. 

1918  Brown,  Charles  Leroy,  Chicago.  IIL 
1918  Brown,  Charles  P.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1921  Brown,  Charles  R.,  Chicago,  111. 

1914  Brown,  Charles  T.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1922  Brown,  Qynis  O.,  Douglas,  Wyo. 

1918  Brown,  Douglas  W.,  Huntington,  W.  Va. 
1921  Brown,  E.  K.,  Ellenaburg,  Wash. 

1919  Brown,  Earle,  Worcester.  Mass. 

1921  Brown,  Edward  A..  New  York,  N.   T. 

1914  Brown,  Edward  Eagle,  Chicago,   111. 

1921  Brown,  Edward  J..  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1906  Brown,  Edward  0«i(bod,  Chicago,  IIL 
1914  Brown,   Edwin   L.,   Luak,   Wyo. 

1910  Brown,   Eli  H.,  Jr.,   Louisville,  Ky. 

1913  Brown,  Elmer  W.,  Lincoln,   Nebr. 
1917  Brown,  Ensign  N.,  Yonngstown.  Ohio. 

1922  Brown,  Everett  J.,  Oakland,  Oal. 
1922  Brown,  F.  B.,  San  Jose,  CaL 

1917  Brown,  Forrest  W.,  Cbarlestown,  W.  Va. 
1898  Brown.  Francis  Shunk,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1921  Brown,  Franklin,  Des  Moines.  Iowa. 

1922  Brown,  Fred  0.,  Seattle,  Wash. 

1912  Brown,   Frederick   A.,   Chicago,    HI. 

1918  Brown,  George  F.,  Titusville,   Pa. 

1914  Brown,  George  H.,  Boston,  Msas. 

1920  Brown.  George  M.,  Salem,  Ore. 

1913  Brown,  George  S..  Reno,  Nevada. 

1920  Brown,  George  T..  Tulsa,  Okla. 

1914  Brown,  George  T.,  Wilmington,  DeL 
1918  Brown.    H.    H.,    Ardmore.    Okla. 

1914  Brown,  H.  La  Rue,  Boston,  Mass. 
1918  Brown.  Harry  J.,  Concord,  N.  H. 
1918  Brown.   Henry   P.,   Philadelphia,   Pa. 

1911  Brown,   Hugh  H..  Tonopah.    Nev. 
1922  Brown,  I.  I.,  San  Franciaco,  Cal. 
189S  B^-own,  J.  Hav.  I^nraster,  Pa. 
1922  Brown,  J.  Henri,  San  Juan,  P.  R. 

1915  Brown,  J.  Louis,  Murray,  Utah. 
1910  Brown,   James   Edgar.   Chicago.   Ml. 

1921  Brown,  James  F.,  Charleston,  W.  Va. 

1907  Brown,  James  H.,  Denver,  Colo. 
1920  Brown,  John,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

1894  Brown,  John   A.,   Philadelphia,   Pa. 

1917  Brown,  John  C,   Ka^bville,  Tenn. 

1918  Brown,  John  D.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


1918  Brown,  John  P.,  BottoB,  Mtm, 

1922  Brown,  Joseph  A.,  San  Francisco,  OaL 

1917  Brown,   Julius,    Greenville,    N.   C 

1911  Brown,  Lawrence  E.,  Soottiboro,  Ala. 
1914  Brown,  Leo  M.,  Mobile,  Ala. 

1908  Brown,   Leslie   U,   Winona,    Mfain. 

1921  Brown,  M.   A.,  Chamberlain,  8.  D. 

1922  Brown,  M.  Ralph',  Prescott,  Aria. 

1918  Brown,  Mark  W.,  Aabeville,  N.  O. 

1919  Brown,  Mayo  0.,  Lynchburg.  Va. 
1921  Brown,  Milton  A.,  Chicago,  IIL 

1921  Brown,  Milton  Adams,  Challta,  Idaho. 

1922  Brown,  Nat  A.,  Stockton,  OhL 

1918  Brown.  Nathaniel  &,  St  Louis,  Mo. 

1912  Brown,    Norrls,  Omaha,   Nebr. 
1922  Brown,  O.  0.,  Indianola,  Iowa. 
1914  Brown,  Oren  Brltt,   Dayton.  Ohio. 
1921  Brown,   Prentiai  M.,   St.    Ignace,  MldL 

1921  Brown,  Reuben,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1918  Brown,   Reynolds  D.,   Philadelphia,    Pa. 

1909  Brown,  RobeHrA.,  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 

1917  Brown,    Ro^gnd,    Billings,    Mont. 

1922  Brown,  RooK^  Minneapolia.  Minn. 
1921  Brown,  RussJPb.,  Ardmore,  Okla. 
1921  Brown.  S.  C,  Chanute,  Kan. 

1921  Brown,  Sanford,   Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1921  Brown,   Soott,   Chicago,   IIL 

1907  Brown,  Seldcn  S.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 
1914  Brown,  Stephen  S..  Jefferson  City,  lio. 

1918  Brown,  Stuart,  Springfield.  111. 
1894  Brown,  Taylor  E..  Chicago.  111. 

1914  Brown,  Thomas  Stephen.  Pittsburgh.  Pa. 

1920  Brown,  Tracy  D.,  Tulas.  Okla. 

1913  Brown.   Volney  M..   El  Pa«>.  TexM. 

1922  Brown,  W.  G.,  Charleston.  W.  Va. 

1908  Brown,  W.  W.,  Parsons;  Kansaa. 
1918  Brown,  Walter  N.,  Garrett  Park,  Md. 
1918  Brown.  William  Alexander,  Philadelphia. 

Pa. 

1922  Brown,     William    Averell,    New    York. 

N.  Y. 

1922  Brown,  William  B.,  Los  Angelea.  CaL 

1918  Brown,  Wm.   Pindlay,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1918  Brown.  William  H.,  Boston.  Mass. 

1913  Brown.  Wm.  Wallace,  Bradford,  Pa. 

1914  Brown,  Wrlsley,  Waahlngton,  D.  C 
1897  Browne.  Arthur  S.,  Washington.  D.  CL 

1909  Browne,  B.  Wayles,  Shreveport.  La. 

1913  Browne.  O.   Morgan,   New  York,   N.    T. 

1919  Browne,  Jefferson  B.,  Tallahaaaee,  FU. 

1914  Browne,  John  R.,  Indianapolia,  Ind. 
1922  Browne,  Joseph  G.  M.,  Brooklyn,  N.   T. 
1922  Browne,  Nat  B.,  Los  Angeles,  CaL 
1922  Browne,  Rollin,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1914  Brownell,  George  F.,  New  York.  M.  Y. . 

1916  Brownell,   Henry  B..  New  York,   N.   T. 

1921  Brownell,  Walter  D.,  Providence,  R.   L 
1914  Browning,  La  Wright,  MaytviUe,  Kj. 


AI.CBABBXIOAI.  LIST  OF  KBICBSB8. 


741 


IKl  Brownlce,  Olvcnot  ?.,  Anidoii»  H.  D. 

1916  Browolej,  Edwin  H.,  Biltimore*  Md. 

ine  Brownrigv.  Richard  T.,  8L  Louis,  Ifo. 

1900  Browiwon,  Robert  M.,  Detroit,  MIcb. 

1918  Brownton,  Wendell  G.,  Springfield.  Min. 

1921  BrubAcher.  J.  A.,  WichiU,  lUn.  . 

1901  Bruce,  Andrew  A.,  CUctgo,  111. 

1911  Bruce,  Ctiarlee  M.,  Maiden.  Utm. 

1910  Bruce,  Edward  B.,  New  York,   N.  T. 
1894  Bruce.   Helm,   Louisville,  Kjr% 

1914  Brace,  John  B.,  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 

1922  Bruce,  If.  Linn,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1916  Brucker,   Lewis,   Manitfleld,   Ohio. 

1912  Bniell.   William  F.,   Redfleld.  a   D. 

1921  Bruen,  Alexsnder  J.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Bniener,  Theodore  B.,  Aberdeen,  WaA. 
1921  Brucre,  Henry,  New  York.  .N.   Y. 

1919  Bruggemeyer,    Mancha,    Chicago,    m. 
1914  Brumback,  Herman,  Kansas  City,  lio. 

1920  Brumby,  Robert  E.,  Franklin,  La. 

1921  Bnunleve,  Leo  J..  Jr.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1921  Brumley.  Edward  R.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1928  Brun,   Samuel  Jacques,   San    Francisoo« 

OaL 

1909  Bnmdage,  Edward  J.,  Springfield,  HL 

1916  Bnmdidge,  O.  D..  Dsllas,  Texas. 

1922  Brune,  Ernest  L.,  San  Francisco,  Oat 

1918  Bruner.  Glen  L..  Kansas  City.  Mo. 
1907  Brunini.  John  B.,   Vloksburg.   Miss. 
1922  Brunk,  Gregory,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 
1909  Brunot,  H.  F.,  Baton  Rouge.  La. 

1921  Bruns,  James  Henry,  ^ew  Orleans,  L*. 

1921  Bruna,  T.   M.  Logan,  New  Orleans.  La. 

1921  Brush,  Ralph  E.,  Greenwich,  Oonn. 

1917  Bruton,  John  F.,  Wilton,  N.  G. 
1921  Bryan  Alva,  Waco,  Texaa. 

1911  Bryan,  Charles  M.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 
1901  Bryan,  George.  Richmond,  Va. 
1914  Bryan,  Lewis  R.,  Houston,  Tex. 

1905  Bryan,  Nathsn  P.,  Jacksonville.   Fin. 
1899  Brysn,   P.  Taylor,  St.   Louis,   Mo. 
1990  Bryan,  Robert  T.,  Shanghai,  China. 
1014  Bryan,  Shepanl,   Atlanta,  Qa. 

1917  Bryan,  Willism  Christy,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1921  Bryan.     Willism    Jennings,     Jr.,     Los 

Angeles,  Oal. 

1014  Bryant,  C.  J.,  Independence,  Ksnsas. 

1921  Brtant,  Qyrus  A.,  Fort  Dodge,  Iowa. 
1916  Bryant.  Hughes,  Kansaa  City.  Mo. 
19S1  Bryant,  Oliver  S.,  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 
1914  Bryant,  Wilbur  F.,  Hartin^ton,  Nebr. 
1920  Bryson,  E.  R.,  Eugene.  Ore. 

1922  Bryaon,  Frank,  Loe  Angeles,  Oal. 

1906  Bryaon,  Herbert  C,  Walla  WalU,  WaA. 
WA  Bryaon,  J.  C,  Vicktf>urg,  Miu. 

1904  Bryaon,  Joseph  M.,  St.  Lonis.  Mo. 

1919  Buchanan,  John  O.,  Pittaburgh,  Pa. 
I,  Malcolm  G.,  Trenton.  N.  J. 


1920  Budihols.  William,  Kanaaa  City.  Mo. 
1922  Buchwalter,  Morris  L.,  di^dnnatl,  Ohio. 
1912  Buck.  Arthur  A.,  Schenectsdy.  N.  Y. 
1922  Buck,  George  F.,  Stockton,  OaL 

1919  Buck,  George  Warner,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1907  Buck,  Gordon  M.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

19ia  Buck,  Henry,  Marion,  8.  C. 

1921  Buck,     Samuel     Rea,     Fridsj     Harbor, 

Wash. 

1914  Buck,  Walter  H.,  Baltimore.  Md. 

1911  Buckbee,   Monmouth    S..    White  PUiM. 

N    Y. 

1906  Buckingham.  George  T.,  Chicago,  111. 

1921  Buckland.     Samuel     Aldrieh,     Wichita, 

Kan. 

1922  Buckley,  Qirtstopher  W.,  San  Fnnciaco, 

GU. 

1921  Buckley.   John,   Hartford.   Oonn. 

1922  Bndkley,  John  T.,   Bingharoton,  N.   Y. 
1921  Buckley,  LeUnd  H.,  Edwardsville,  111. 
1010  Buckley.  M.  Francis.  Gloucester,  Mass. 
1021  Buckley,  Thomaa  M.,  Chicago,  lU. 
1021  Buckley,  Warren  B.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1916  Buckmaster,  Albert  E.,  Kenoshs,  Wis. 

1016  Buckmlnster,  William  R.,  Boston.  Msss. 

1010  Buckner.  Emory  R.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1021  Buckner.  William  A.,  New  Yoilt.  N.  Y. 

1021  Buckwalter,  Robert  Z.,  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 

1021  Budd,   Percy  A.,   Kansas  City,  Mo. 

1000  Buder.  Gustavua  A.,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

1000  Buder,  Oscar  E..  St.  Louia,  Mo. 

1016  Budge,  Jcase  R.  S.,  Pocatello,  Idaho. 

1021  Budaon,  Alexander,  Trenton,  N.  J. 

1012  Buell,  Charles  J.,  Rapid  City,  S.  D. 

1020  Buflhigton,  Collier  H.,  Gold  Beach,  Ora. 

1006  Bufllngton,  Edwin  D.,  Stillwater,  Minn. 

1906  Bufflngton,    George    W.,    Minneapolis, 

Minn. 

1919  Bufilngton,    Harold   &    R.,    Fkll    River. 

MasL 

1911  Buflum,  Walter  N..  Boston.  Mass. 

1918  Buford,  Alfemon  Sidney,  Jr.,  Richmond, 

Va. 

1921  Buford,  Psnl  C,  Jr.,  Roanoke,  Va. 

1921  Buiat,  George  L..  Chfirleston,  S.  C. 

1896  Buist,  Henry,  Charleston,  S.  C. 

1918  Bujsc,  Btienne  De  P.,  Osrlsbsd,  N.  M. 

1912  Bulkley,  Almon  W.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1911  Bulkley,  Harry  0.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
1921  Bulkley,  Robert  J.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
1921  Bull,  Follett  W.,  Chicago.  III. 

1912  Bull,  J.  Edgar,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Bullard,  W.  E.,  Belmond,  Iowa. 
192;  Bullington,  L.  M.,  Cookevllls,  Tenn. 
1918  Bullington,  Orville,  Wichita  Falls,  Tn. 

1922  BullU,  G.  P.,  Vidalia,  U. 

1906  Bullitt,  Joshua  Fry,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


742 


AKBBIGAN   BAR  A860CIATI0K. 


1922  BulUtt,   Keith  L.,  SeatUe,  Wnh. 

1900  BulUtt,  Wm.  Ifanhjai,  Louurille,  Ky. 
1879  Bullock,  A.  O.,  Worcester,  Man. 

1922  BuUock,  Georgia  P.,  Loe  Angelea,  Oal. 

1922  Bullock,  J.  Joseph,  Redwood  City,  Cal. 

1922  Bullock,  J.  T.,  Ruaellville,  Ark. 

1920  Bullowa,  Emilie  IC,  New  York,   N.  T. 
1922  Bulwinkle,  A.  L.,  Oaatooia,  N.  C. 

1912  Bumgardser,  J.  Lewis,  Beckl^y,  W.  Va. 

1918  Bunch,  Thaddeus  O.,  CSiicago,  IlL 

1919  Bundy.  Harrey  H.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1921  Bungard,  Maurice  Z.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1919  Bunker,   Clarence  Alfred,   Boston,  Maasu 

1917  Bunn,   Frederick  A.,  Brooklyn,   N.   Y. 

1918  BunUio,  C.   M.  Clay.  Kankakee,  III 

1914  Bunting,  Joseph  T..  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

1913  Burbage,  .W.  H.,  Winalow,  Aria. 

1918  Burbank,  Byron  G.,  Omaha.  Nebr. 
1907  Burch,  Charles  N.,  Memphia,  Tenn. 

1921  Burch,   Francis  P.,   Philadelphia,  Pena. 

1922  Burch,  R.  A.,  Topeka,  Kans. 

1921  Burch,   R.   B.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1913  Burcham.  J.  T.,  Spokane.  Wash. 

1912  Burchenal,  Caleb  E.,   Wilmington,  Del. 

1922  Burchmore,  John  S.,  Chicago,  111. 

1911  Burdett,  Everett  W.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1917  Burdick,  Chari-«  Kellogg,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

1901  Burdick,  Charles  W.,  Cheyenne,  Wyo. 

1912  Burdick,  Clark,  Newport,  R.  I. 

1911  Burdick,     William    Livesey.     Uwrenoe, 

Kans. 

1919  Burdine,  R.  Freeman,  Miami,  Fla. 

1912  Burford,  Albr-*  Lee,  Texarkana,  Texaa. 

1918  Burford.  J.  M.,  Mt.  Pleasant,  Tex. 

1922  Burfo'rd,   John   Henry,   Oklahoma   City, 
Okla. 

1920  Burger,  Edward  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1909  Burger,  Louis  J.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1901  Burges,  William  H.,  El  Paso,  T^ 

1920  BuTfess,  Edwin  Haines,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1915  Burgess,  J.  L.,  Dallaa,  Tex. 

1913  Burgess,  James  H.,  Bangor,  Me. 

1921  Burgess,  Kenneth  F..  Chicago,  111. 
1921  Burgess,  Lee  W.,  Grand  Junction,  OoL 
1915  Burgess,  8.  A.,  Independence,  Mo. 
1921  Burgett,  J.  Ralston,  Laosg,  llocos  Norte, 

P.  1. 

1915  Burghard.  Edward  M.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1914  Burg^vin,  A.  P.,  Pittsburigh.  Pa. 
1914  Burgwin,  George  C,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
1981  Burgwin,    Hill,    Pittsburgh,    Penn. 
1914  Burkan.  Nathan.  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1914  Rurkart.  Joseph  A.,  Washington.  D.  C. 
1928  Burke,  Andrew  F.,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 

1917  Burke.  Daniel,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1918  Burke.  Edward  G..  Deep  River.  Conn. 
1914  Burke,  Edward  H.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1919  Burke,  Florence  Wm.,  Westfleld.  Mass. 


XVxi 

1922 
1919 
1919 
1980 
1918 
1913 
1908 
1911 
1921 
1914 
1914 
1922 
1900 
1922 
1914 
1920 
1928 
1928 
1896 
1922 
1921 
1916 
1922 
1910 
1922 
1914 
1918 
1980 
1922 
1921 
1988 
1981 
1907 
1912 
1918 
1921 
1922 
1922 
1914 
1916 
1912 
1922 
1917 

1918 
1920 
1916 
1920 
1916 
1916 
1912 
1982 
1981 
1918 
1918 
1980 
1988 


Burks,  Francis,  Borton,  Mass. 
Burke,  Frank  J.,  Petaluma,  OaL 
Burke,  Qeoi^e  J*>  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 
Burke,  Haslett  P.,  Denver,  Colo. 
Burke,  J.  O.,  Helena,  Ark. 
Burke,  Martin  M.,  Shenandoah.  Pa. 
Burke,  N.  Charles,  Towson,  Md.  > 
Burke,  Thomas,  Seattle,  Wash. 
Burke,  Thomas  C,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
Burke,  Thomas  F.,  Qiicago,  111. 
Burke,  Walter  J.,  New  Iberia,  La. 
Burke.  Webster  H.,  Chicago,  HI. 
Burkes,  Leon,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Burket.  Harlan  F..  Findlay,  Ohio. 
Burkey,  L.  M.,  Watford  City,  N.  D. 
Burkhart,  Edward  B.,  Dayton,  Ohio. 
Burkbart,  Summers,  Albuquerque,  N.  M. 
Burks,  Charles  B.,  Lynchburg,  Vs. 
Burks,  Leslie  E.,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 
Burleigh,  Alvin,  Plymouth,  N.  H. 
Burleigh,  Oeonge  W.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
Burleigh,  Henri  Jerome,  Salmon,  Idiu 
Burling,  F^dward  n.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Burlingham,  Charles,  New  York,  N.   Y. 
Buriinflrham,  Charles  C,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Burnett,  A.  G.,  Sacramento,  Cal. 
Burnett,  Charles  A.,  L*fayette.  Ind. 
Burnett,  Coy,  Portland.  Oregon. 
Burnett,  W.  F.,  Dickinson,  N.  D. 
Burnett,  W.  &,  San  Franciao,  Oal. 
Burnett,  WilHsm  H.,  Hutchinson.  Ran. 
Burnett,  WillUm  H.,  Philadelphia,   Pn. 
Bumey,  H.  Robert,  New  York,  N.  T. 
Bumham,  Addison  C,  Boston,  Mass. 
Bumham,  Frederic,  Chicago,  111. 
Bumham,  Henry  L.,  Boston.  Mass. 
Bumquist.  J.   A.   A..  St.  Psul.  Minn. 
Bums,  Fitzhugh,  St.  Psul,  Minn. 
Bums,  Frsncis  B.,  Boston,  Mass. 
Bums.  Jsmes  F.,  Chioaco,  DL 
Bums,  John  L.,  Troy,  Mo. 
Bums.  Tiouis  Henry.  New  Orlesns,  La. 
Bums,  Luther,  Top8ka,  Kansaa. 
Bums.    Martin    M..    Colorado    SprlngiL 

Colo. 
Bums.  Robert,  New  York.  T,*.  Y. 
Bums.  Robert  Hamilton.  Detroit,  Mich. 
Bums.  Thomas  P..  Brookfleld.  Md. 
Bumside,  R.  B.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
Bumstedt,  John  B.,  Webster  City.  lova. 
Burpee,  F.  C,  Janesvllle,  Wis. 
Burpee,  Lucien  Frsnds,  Hsrtford,  Oosm. 
Burpee,  Walter  J.,  Oakland,  Oal. 
Burr,  Clyde  R.,  Los  Angeles,  Oal. 
Burr,  Frank  Wright,  New  York.  H.  T. 
Burr,  James  S.,  Seranton,  Pa. 
Burr,  Karl  X.,  Columbua,  Ohio. 
Burr,  Lealie  L.,  San  Diego,  OU. 


ALPHABSTIOAL  LIST  OF  MSICBEBS. 


748 


1988 

1981 
1909 
1907 
1910 
1919 
1901 
1980 

1918 

1981 
1896 
1918 
1914 
1914 
1914 
1921 
1916 
1918 
1918 
1990 
1919 
1981 
1981 
1919 
1910 
1914 
1981 
1981 
1988 
1914 


1981 
1981 
1999 
1918 


1912 
1919 
1989 
1981 


191B 

1910 
1880 

lil4 
1907 
1910 
1907 
lill 


1918 
1981 


Burr,  lUnrioe,  Chicago,  HL 
Burr,  llaorice  B.,  Obicsgo,  IlL 
Burr,  Stilet  W.,  St  Paul.  Minn. 
Burr,  WiUiam  P.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
Burrage,  Qeorge  D.,  Boston,  Ha«. 
Burnt,  Cbarlee  H.,  diicaffo.  111. 
Burrougha,  BenJ.   B.,  Edwardsville,  111. 
Burrougha,   Qeorge  Dent,   EdwardsviUe, 

111. 
Burrows,  Qeorge  Humphrey,  Cleveland, 

Ohio. 
Burry,  Qeorge,  San  Diego,  Cal. 
Burry,  WUiiam,  Chicago,  111. 
Burton,  Charlea  S.,  Chicago,  111 
Burton,  Clarence  F.,  Boston,  ICaas. 
Burton,  Qeorge  W.,  Peoria,  irinois. 
Burton,  H.  Ralph,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Burton,  Louis  R.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 
Burton,  Newark  L.,  Qardenia,  Gal. 
Burton,  Robert,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 
Busby,  Leonard  A.,  Chicago,  111. 
Busby,  Richard,  Memphis,  Tenn. 
Busch,  Frauds  X.,  Chicago,  111. 
Busch,  H.  C,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
Bush,  Arthur  O.,  Davenport,  Iowa. 
Bush,  Charles  E.,  Tulsa,  Okla. 
Bush,  Charles  M.,  Kansss  City,  Mo. 
Bush,  F.  C,  Osage,  Iowa. 
Buah,  Frank  Q.,  Chicago,  lU. 
Bush,  Qeorge  B.,  Sacramento,  Cal. 
Bush,  Qeorge  W.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
Bush,  Myron  P.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
Bush,  Samuel  T.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Bushby,  James  C,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Bushell,  William  Q.,  Brooklyn,  N.  T. 
Bushman,  Sam,  Gallup,  N.  M. 
Bushnell,  Edward.  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
Bushonville,  Leslie  F.,  Chicago,  III. 
Buss,  Charles  M.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
Butsey,  H.  L.,  West  Palm  Beach,  Fla. 
Buasey,  James  R.,  St.  Petersburg,  Fla. 
Bussian,  John  A.,  Chicago,  111. 
Busteed,  Richard,  Las  Vegas,  Nev. 
Butcher,  David  F.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Butkiewics,   Thomas,   Jr.,    Wilkes- Barre, 

Pa. 
Butler,  Charles  C,  Denver,  Colo. 
Butler,  Charles  Henry  (New  York  City), 

Washington,  D.  C. 
Butler,  Charles  T.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
Butler,  Frank  W.,  Farmington,  Me. 
Butler,  Fred.  E.,  Lewiston,  Idaho. 
Butler,  Fred.  M.,  Rutland,  Vt. 
Butler,  Harry  U,  Madison    Wis. 
Butler,  J.  W.  S.,  Sacramento,  Cal. 
Butler,  James  M.,  Columbus,  Ohio. 
Butler,  John  M.,  Jacksonville,  111. 
Butler,  Msynard  B.-,  Pasadena,  CaL 


■UBOTBP 

1889  Butler,  Noble  C,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

1900  Butler,  Pierce,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

1981  Butler,  Robert  P.,  Hartford,  Conn. 

1900  Butler,  Rush  C,  Chicago,  HI. 

1918  Butler,  T.  John,  Washington,  D.  C. 

1918  Butler,  Ulysses.  Washington,  D.  C. 

1888  Butler,  WilUam  Allen,  New  York.  N.  T. 

1914  Butler,  William  E.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1913  Butler,  WillUm  M.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1928  Butler,  William  S.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
1928  Butt,  Clarence,  Newburg,  Ore. 

1917  Butterworth,  Qeorge  F.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1981  Buttles,  John  S.,  Brandon,  Vt 

1914  Button,  Charles  I.,  Middlebury,  Vt. 
1896  Button,  William  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  But  trick,   Allan  Q.,   Boston,  Mass. 

1921  Butts,  Eustace  C,  Brunswick,  Qa. 
1914  Butz.  Reuben  J.,  Allentown,  Pa. 

1922  Buxton,  Alfred  Q^A.,  Atlantic.  Iowa. 
1012  Buzbee,  Thomas  *,  Little  Rock.  Ark. 

1981  Buzaell,  Harry  A.,   Springfield,   Mass. 

1920  Buzzell,  Samuel  Jesse,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1911  Byard,  James  J.,  Jr.,  Cooperstown.  N.  Y. 
1908  Byers,   Alpheus,   Seattle,   Waah. 
1016  ^Byers,  H.  W.,  Des  Moines.  Iowa. 
1911  Byers,  I.  W.,  Iron  River,  Mich. 

1012  Byers,   Ovid  A.,  Seattle.   Wash. 

1982  Byers,  William  A.,  Council  Bluffa,  Iowa. 
1016  Bygrave,  li.   R.,  Boston.  Maaa. 

1021  Byington,  Lewis  F.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
1016  By  lea,  Axtell  J.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1907  Bynum,  William  P.,  Greensboro,  N.  C. 

1018  Byrd,  Richard  Evelyn,  Richmond,  Va. 

1013  Byrd,  William,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1921  Byrne,  Andrew,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Byrne,   Charles  E.,   Chicago,   111. 

1921  Byrne,  Charlea  V.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 
lOM  Byrne,  Edward  J.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
1896  Byrne,  Jamea,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1»13  Byrne,  M.  J^Waterbury,  Conn. 

1922  Byrnes,  Clar«ice  W.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1918  Byrnes,  William  M.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
1006  CabanisB,  E.  H.,  Birmingham.  Ala. 

1022  Cabaniss,  Qeorge  H.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
1913  Cabell.  George  C,  Norfolk,  Va. 
1021  Cabell,  Hartwell,  New  York,  N.   Y. 

1019  Cabell,  Royal  B..  Richmond.  Va. 
1922  Cabell,  William  E.,  Middlesborough.  Ky. 
1011  Cable.   Davis  J..  Lima,  Ohio. 

1011  Cabot,  Frederick  P.,  Boston,  Man. 
1928  Cadigan,  John  A.,  Superior,  Wis. 
1003  Cadwalader,  John,   Philadelphia,   Pa. 

1012  Cadwalader.  John.  Jr.,  Philadelphia,  Pa 

1014  Cadwalader,  Thomas  F..  Baltimore.  Md. 
1922  Cadwallader,  Roy  L.,  Seattle,  Wash. 
1921  Cadwell,  Karl  H.,  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 
1911  Cady.   Daniel  L.,  Burlington,   Vt. 

1015  Cady,  Samuel  H..  Milwaukee.  Wis. 


744 


▲KXRICAN  BAR  A6800IATI0K. 


19S1  Gadj,  Wm.  B.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1918  CafferaU.  Htny  J.,  Roboken,  N.  J. 

1014  Ciffej,  Francis  Gordon,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1921  Othlll.  Maurice  P.,  Oedar  Rapida,  Iowa. 

1908  Cahn,  Edgar  M.,  New  Orleans,  La. 

1911  Cahoone.  Richards  Mott,  Brooklyn,  N.  T. 
1921  Oaillouet,  A.  J.,  Honma,  La. 

1921  Oaillouet,  L.  E.,  Thibodaux,  La. 

1921  Oaillouet,  L.  P.,  Thibodauz,  La. 

1918  Cain,  Orville  E.,  Keene,  N.  H. 
1906  Cain,  Stith  M.,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
1916  Caine,  Edwin  B  ,  Elko,  Nevada. 

1920  Cake,.  W.  M.,  Portland,  Ore. 

1913  Calderwood,  John  E.,  Punxsuuwney,  Pft. 

1912  Caldwell,  Chester  L.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

1919  Caldwell,  Clarence  C,  Sioux  Palls,  S.  D. 

1913  Caldwell,  Fred  8.,  MonU  Vista,  Colo. 

1918  Caldwell,  Jaa.  Rope,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1921  Caldwell,  John^.,  andnnati,  Ohio. 
1921  Caldwell,  Louis  O.,   Chicago,   111. 

1921  Caldwell,    Ralph   R.,   Cincinnati,   Ohio. 

1920  Caldwell,  Robert  B.,  Kansas  City,  Ho. 

1922  Caldwell,  Stafford,  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

1920  Cale.  Philip  H.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1921  Calenda,  Vincent  D.,  New  York,  'n.  7. 

1912  Cat  fee,  Robert  M.,.  aeveland.  Ohio. 

1922  Oalfee,  T.  N.,  Richmbnd,  Cal. 
1904  Calhoun,  C.  C.  Washington,  0.  C. 
1916  Calhoun,  Charles  A.,   Birmingham,   Ala. 
1921  Calhoun,  J.  C,  Keosauqua,  Iowa. 

1915  Calhoun,  John  W.,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
1921  Calhoun,  Philo  C,  Bridgeport,  Conn. 

1913  Calhoun,    Samuel    A.,    Oklahoma    City. 

Okla. 

1921  Oalkins,  Arthur  B.,  New  London,  Cbnn. 

1921  Oalkina,   Frank  W.,    Wiaconsin   Rapids, 

Wis. 

1922  Calkins,  Jno.,  Jr.,  Oakland,  CMd. 

1913  Calkins,  Oscar,  Brockton,  Mass. 

1916  Call,  Justin  D.,  Brlyham,  UUh. 

1919  Callaghan,  Charles  E.,  Rochester.  MIna. 
1918  Callahan,  Daniel  P.,  Worcester,  Maas. 
1921  Oillahan,  Donald  A.,  Wallace,  Idaho. 
1921  Oillahan,  Frank,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1921  Callahan,  Fred,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

1918  Callahan,  Jamea  A..  Winnemucca,  Nev. 

1906  Callahan,  James  P.  H.,  Hoquiam,  Wash 

1917  Callahan,  Patrick  E.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

1918  Callahan,  S.  James,  New  Castle,  Pa. 
1918  Callahan,  W.  W.,  Decatur,  Ala. 
1910  Callaway,  Lew  L.,  Great  Falls.  Mont. 

1921  Oillender,  James  P.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1920  Callender,  Sherman  D.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1922  Oalliflter,    Edward   R.,   Salt  Lake  City, 

Utah. 

1900  Calvert,  Cleon  K.,  Pineville,  Ky. 

1914  Calvert,  George  H.,  Pittsburgh.  Pa. 
1981  Oalvert,  Thomas  R.,  Raleigh,  N.  O. 


1916  Camack,  Edwin,  Kansas  CftTi  Ko- 
1912  Camden,  H.  P.,  Parkersborg,  W.  Va. 

1917  Cameron,  Alexander,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1918  Cameron,  Don  M.,  Little  Falls,  Miini. 

1918  Cameron.  John  M.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1920  Cameron,  Osalan,  Chicago,  I1L 

1921  Cameron,  Richard  L.,  Marysville,  Ohio. 
1921  Camp,  E.  A.,  Rockdale,  Texaa. 

1912  Camp,  Edgar  W.,  Los  Angeles,  GkL 

1919  Camp,  R.  Earl.  Dublin,  Oa. 

1918  Campbell,  A.  C.  Wilkea-Barre,  Pa. 

1921  Campbell,  A.  W.,  Aberdeen,  S.  D. 

19U  Osmpbell,  Altes  H.,  Loa  Angeles,  Oal. 

1911  Campbell,  Ai«ua  O.,  De  Funiak  Springs, 

Fla. 

1917  Campbell,  Anthony  C,  Cheyenne,  Wyo. 
1921  Oampbell,   Benjamin   A.,    Chicago,    IR. 
1921  Campbell,  Bruce  A.,  East  St  Louis,  lU. 
1806  Campbell,  Charlea  H.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
1914  Campbell,     Charles     N.,     MartinslMiiv. 

W.  Va. 

1918  Campbell,  Donald,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1921  Campbell,  Donald  Yorke,  San  Fnnciaeo. 

OaL 

1914  Campbell,  Edward  K.,  Washington.  D.  C. 

1913  Campbell.  Francis  A..  Boston.  Msss. 

1922  Campbell,  FVands  A,  Brooklyn,  N.  T. 
1907  Campbell,  Frederick  B.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1914  Campbell.  George  J.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

1919  Campbell,  Harry,  Tulaa,  Okla. 

1806  Campbell.  Henxy  M.,  Detroit.  Mick. 

1916  Campbell,  Herbert  J.,  Chicago,  HL 
1906  Campbell.  In  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1920  Campbell,  J.  B.,  Muskogee,  Okla. 

1906  Campbell,  J.  J.,  Pittaburg,  Kansi 
1918  Campbell,  J.  Graham,  WIchitt,  Sana. 

1917  Campbell,  Jamea  D.,  Wyncote,  Pa. 

1912  Campbell,    /amci    H.,    Grand    RapidiL 

Mich. 

1907  Campbell,  John,  Denver,  Colo. 

1918  Campbell,  John  A.  L.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1912  Campbell,  John  H.,  Tucson,  Aria. 

1921  Campbell.    John   V.,    Cincinnati,    Ohio. 

1921  CUmpbell,  Judson  D..  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Campbell,  Semper,  Loa  Angelea,  CaL 
1889  Campbell,  Lemuel  R.,   Nashville,  Tenn. 
1918  Campbell,  Louis  O.,  Winnemucca.  Nev. 
1916  Campbell,  Luther  A.,  Hackenaack.  M.  J. 

1920  Campbell.   Paul,  Chattanoogt,  Tenn. 
1918  Campbell,  R.  M..  Chicago,  HI. 

1921  Campbell.   Ralph   W.,  Salem.  Ohio. 

1922  Campbell,  Raymond  N.,  Yuma,  Aria. 
1907  Campbell,  Robert  B..  Greenville.  Mlaa. 

1916  Campbell,  Robert  W.,  Chicago.   HI. 
1921  Campbell,  Stuart  B.,  Wytheville,  Va. 

1917  Campbell.  William  Shermaii,  St  Lonla. 

Ma 

1921  Gampell,  Clyde  William,  PitMioigii,  Pn. 


ALPHABETIGAI.  LIST  OF   MEMBERS. 


745 


m6 

19U 
UP7 

inr 

USD 
1919 
1921 

1922 
1907 
1920 


1921 
1897 
1922 
1911 
1919 
1910 
1908 
1922 
1914 
1918 
1918 
1921 
1922 
1908 
1918 
1901 
1918 

1911 
1921 
1919 
1921 
1901 
1915 
1921 
1921 
1918 
1914 
1928 
1921 
1922 
1921 
1922 
1918 


1920 
1912 
1921 
1916 
1920 
1980 
1918 


Ctmpell.  John  O.,  Chicago,  IlL 
Cftmpen,   Marvin,   NaahTille.  Tenn. 
Otnadt,  J.  W.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 
Canaday,  Walter »  Des  Moinea,  lowm. 
Canale,  Phil.  M.,  Memphia,  Tenn. 
Oancelliere,  Peter  M.,  Pittaburfh,  Pemi. 
Candler,  Aaa  W.,  Atlanta*  Ga. 
Candler,  John  8.,  Atlanta,  Oa. 
Oanfleld,     Oharlea    Stuart,     Bridgeport, 

Oonn. 
Oanfleld,  George  E.,  Ole  Elum,  Wash. 
Canfleld.  Geurge  P.,  New  York.  N.  7. 
Canfleld,  Inrin  8.,  Alpena,  Mich. 
Oanfleld,  Robert  B.,  Santa  Barbara,  Oftl. 
Canfleld,   Wrenn  N.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 
Cann,  J.   Ferris,  Savannah,  Ga. 
Oann,  John  Pearce,  Wilmington,  DeL 
Canning,  John  E.,  Providence,  R.   L 
Canning,  Joseph  P.,  Providence,  R.  L 
Cannon,  Austin  V.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
Cannon,  E.  J.,  Spokane,  Wash. 
Osnnon,  John  M.,  Spokane,  Wash. 
Cannon,  Thomas  D.,  St.  Louis',  Mo. 
Cannon,  Thomaa  R.,  Chicago.  HI. 
Cannon,  William  M.,  San  Francisco,  Cfel. 
Oanon,  Edward  Carey.  Waco,  Texaa. 
Osnt,  Harold  O.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Cant,  William  A.,  Duluth.  Minn. 
Cantline,  Peter,  Newburgh,  N.  T.     . 
Cantrell,  Deaderick  H.,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 
Cantrell,   Francis  S.,  Jr..    Philadelphia, 

Pa. 
Cantrell,  John  H.,  Chattanooga.  Tenn. 
Oantwell,  Charles  A.,  Reno,  Nev. 
Canty.  F.  J.,  Chicago,  111. 
Capelle,   Louia  H.,    Cincinnati,   Ohio. 
Capen,   Charles  L.,   Bloomington,   HI. 
Caplan,   Ephrim,   St   Louis,   Mo. 
Oaplan,  Jacob,  New  Haven,  Oonn. 
Oaplan,  Samuel,  Albany.  N.  Y. 
Capo,  Francisco  Parra,   Ponce,   P.   R 
Capper,  Walter  C.   Cumberland.   Md. 
Oapron,  0.  Alexander,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Oapron,  Clarence  A.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Oapshaw,  Goran  P.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Capshaw,  E.  W.,  Oookevtiie,  Tenn. 
Oapshaw,  Hulon,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Caraballo,   Martin,  Tampa.  Fla. 
Oaranicholaa,  George.  New  York,  N.  T. 
Caraway,  T.  H..  Washington,  D.  0. 
Carbys,  J.  0.,  Milwaiikre,  Wia. 
Carchia,  John  V.,  Watertown.  Masa. 
Carden,    Frank   S..   Chattanooga,   Tenn. 
Garden,  W.  Morton,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Carden.  William  T.,  Honolulu,   Hawaii. 
Cardoso.  Benjamin  N.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
Cardoso,    Michael    H.,   Jr.,    New  York, 

H.  T. 


1922  Oardoao,  Sidney  B..  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Oarell.  William  F..  New  York.  N.  T. 

1919  Carey,  Archibald,  Detroit.  Mich. 
1892  Carey,  Charles  H.,  Portland,  Ore. 

1920  Carey,  Francia  J..  Baltimore.  Md. 
1912  Carey,  Joseph  G..  Wichita,  Kans. 

1922  Oarey,  M.  J.,  Newton.  Iowa. 
1922  Oarey,  Philip  M..  Oakland,  OO, 
1918  Carey.  Robert,  Jeraey  City,  N.  J. 
1914  Carey,  William  H.,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 
1920  Cargill,  O.  A.,  Oklahoma  City.  OkU. 

1920  Carl.  David,  Richmond,  Mich. 

1918  Garland,  John  E.,  Washington,  D.  O. 

1911  Carleton,  Philip  Greenleaf,  Boston.  Maai. 
1922  Oarleton,  W.  Dudleley,  Ringwood  Manor, 

N.  J. 

1921  Oarlin.  0.  0.,  Alexandria,  Ya. 

1921  Oarlin.  Frank  A.,  New  York.   N.  Y. 

1921  Oarlin,  Nellie.  Chicago.  HI. 

1922  OU'lin,  W.  H.,  Maiyiville,  CaL 

1912  Carlin,  Walter  J.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1918  Cttrliale,  Howard  B.,  Spartanburg,  8.  GL 

1916  Carlisle,  John  F.,  Cohimbus,  Ohio. 
1911  Oarlisle,  John  N.,  Wstertown,  N.  T. 

1921  Oarlock,  L.  H.,  La  Folette,  Tenn. 
1911  Carlsmith.  Carl  S.,  Hilo.  Hawaii. 

1922  Carlson,   Arthur  J.,  Modesto,  OaL 

1918  Carlson,  Frank,   New   York.   K.    Y. 
1982  Carlson,  Thomas  M.,  Richmond,  Cal. 

1921  Carlstrom,  Oscar  E.^  Aledo,  lU. 

1919  Csriton,  Doyle  E.,  Tampa,  Fla. 
1918  Carlton,  Otia  J.,  Haverhill,  Mass. 

1922  Carlton,  R.  S.,  Spirit  Lake,  lowm. 

1918  Carmalt,  James  W.,  Washington.  D.  0. 

1918  Carman,  Ernest  C,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

1918  Carman,  Robert  R.,  Baltimore.  Md. 

1917  Carmichael,  A.  H..  Tuacumbia.  Ala. 
1911  Carmichael,  J.  D.,  Chlckasha,  Okla. 
1911  Carmichael,  J.  H.,  Uttle  Rock,  Ark. 
1921  Garmichael,  J.  8.,  Franklin,  Penn. 

1919  Carmichael,  M.  D.,  Weat  Pftlm  Beach. 

Fla. 

1914  Carmichiel,     Daniel     P.,     Minneapolis, 
Minn. 

1918  Carmody,  Terrence  P.,  Waterbury,  Oonn. 
1910  Garmouche.    W.    J.,   Crowley,    La. 
1921  Camahan,  Charles  O.,  Chicago,  111. 
1921  Oamahan,  H.  L.,  Los  Angeles,  Oal. 
1917  Camahan,  John  M.,  Springfield,  Mo. 

1919  Carney,  A.  B.,   Norfolk,  Va. 

1920  Carney,  Charles  F.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
1019  Carney,   Claude  S.,   Kalamazoo.   Mich. 
1914  Carney,   Francia  J.,  Boston.   Mssa. 

1921  Oamey,  Herbert  L.,  Charleston,  W.  Va. 

1919  Carney,  John  D.,  Beaton,  Mass. 

1920  Carney,  John  Ralph,  Vernon.  Ind. 
1909  Oama.  William  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1917  Carow,  J.  W.,  L«]yimlth,.Wia. 


746 


AMB&ICAN   BAB  A6800IATI0N. 


1019  Carpenter,   Arthur  P.,  Brattleboro,  Vt. 

1918  Oupenter,  day,  Palo  Alto,  Oal. 

1013  Carpenter,  Edward  N.,   Boston.  MaM. 

1920  Carpenter,  Eugene,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

1920  Carpenter,   Ferry  R.,   Hay  den,  Colo. 

1921  Carpenter,  Fred  E.,  Rockford,  III. 
1906  Carpenter,  George  A.,  Chicago,  111. 
1914  Carpenter,    Harry  Lee,   Greenville,   Tex. 

1922  Carpenter,  Ingle,  Loa  Angelea,  Cal. 

1013  Carpenter,  J.   McF.,  Pittabiirgh.  Pa. 
1022  Carpenter,  John  O.,  Oastonia,  N.  O. 

1015  Carpenter,    Paul,    Chicago,    111. 

1001  Carpenter,  Samuel  L..  Loa  Angelea.  Cal. 

1022  Carpenter,     W.     Clayton,     Waahington, 

D.  0. 

'9«0  Carpenter,    William    L.,    Detroit,    Mich. 

1003  Carr,  E.   M..  Manoh««ter.  Towa. 

1022  Carr,  Francis,  Redding,  Cal. 

1016  Carr,    Frank.    Fulton,    Ky. 

1912  Carr,  Geo.  Wentworth,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1913  (.arr,   Harvey   F.,   Camden,   N.  J. 

1921  Carr,  Hubert,  Manchester,  Iowa. 
1916  Carr,  J.  O.,  Wilmington.  N.  C. 
1904  Carr,  James  A.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1916  Carr,  Jamea  O.,  Pittsubrgh,   Pa. 

1920  Carr,  John  C.  Cameron.  Mo, 

1919  Carr,  John  E.,  West  Frankfort,  HI. 

1922  Carr,  Joseph  H.,  Camden,  N.  J. 

1917  Carr.  Lewis  E.,   Albany,   N.    Y. 
1922  Carr,  Ralph  L.,  Antonito,  Col. 

1921  Carr,  Sterling,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
1913  Carr,  W.  Russell.  Uniontown,  Pa. 

1922  Carr,  William  H.,  Lees  Summit,  Mo. 
1022  Carr,  Wm.  J.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
1018  Carraher,  J.  Joseph.   Boston.  Mass. 
1022  Carrigan,  A.  H.,  Wichita  Falls,  Texas. 
1913  Carrigan,  Chaa.  E..  Moundsville.  W.  Va 

1920  Csrrigan,  Don  R.,  Port  Huron,   Mich. 

1920  Carrigan.  Emmett  J.,  Milwaukee.  Wis 
1922  Carrigan,  John  W.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

1913  Carringer,  M.  A..  TionesU,  Pa. 

1916  Carrington,  Campbell,  New  York,   N.  Y 

1921  Carrington,  George  D.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1919  Carrington,  Richard  W.,  Richmond.  Va. 
1018  Carroll,    A.    E..    Davenport,    Iowa. 

1014  Carroll,  A.  J.,  Louisville.  Ky. 

1909  Carroll,    Charles,    New   Orleans,    La. 

1911  Carroll,  Francis  M.,  Boston.  Masa. 
1921  Carroll,  Frank  J.,  Chicago,  111. 

1914  Carroll,   Fred.  Linus,  Johnstown,  N.   Y. 

1912  Carroll,  James   B.,   Sprin^^fleld,    Maai. 
1914  Carroll,  James  E.,  St.  I^uls,  Mo. 
1916  Csrroll,  James  E..  B-^ton.  Mass. 
1906  Carroll,  Joseph  W..  New  Orleans,  La. 

1913  Carroll,   Phillip  A„   New  York.  N.   Y. 
1014  Carroll,  W.   S.,   Erie,  Pa. 

1017  Carroll,  William  H.,  Burlington,  N.  C. 
1021  OuToU, ,  William  H.,  Clinton,  Iowa. 


1022  Carroll,  William  J.,  SpringBeld.  HI. 

1910  Carroll,  Y.  D.,  Beaumont,  Texas. 
1007  Carrow,   Howard,  Camden,   N.   J. 
1022  Caraon,  Adam  0.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1800  Carson,   Hampton   L.,   Philadelphia,    Pa. 
1014  Caraon,  Joseph,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1919  Cars<»i,  Wm.  Sherman,  Chicago.  Ul. 

1016  Carter,    Albert    P.,    Beaton.    Maaa. 

1017  Carter,    Charles    B.,    Lewiston,    Maine. 
1013  Carter,  Charles  H.,  Pendleton,  Oregon. 

1013  Carter,  Edward  E.,  Wellaburg,  W.  Vm. 

1020  Carter.  Emmet  T.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1021  Carter,  G.  Lewia,  Detroit,  Mich. 
1004  Carter,  H.   C,  San   Antonio,  Tex. 
1021  Carter,  Henry  E.,  Loa  Angeles,  Cal. 
1000  Carter,   Henry  J.,  New  Orleans,  La. 
1017  Carter.  Howard  M.,  Chicago,  IlL 

1021  Carter,  Howell,  Jr.,  New  Orleans,  La. 
1913  Carter,  Hugh  E..  Bolivar,  Tenn. 
1922  Carter,  J.  F.,  Bamberg,  8.  0. 

1911  Carter,  Jacob  M.,  Texarkana,  Ark. 
1921  Carter,   John  R.,  Sioux  City,  Iowa. 
1921  Carter,  John  W.  Jr.,  Danville,  Va. 
1913  Carter,  L.  O.,  Kansas  City,  Ksna. 
1921  Carter,  Luther,  Hugo,   Okla. 

1920  Carter,  Mabelle  Alice.  Denver,  Colo. 
1906  Carter,  Orrin  N.,  Chicago,  III. 

1913  Carter,   Pasco  B.,  Boiae,  Idaho. 

1921  Garter,  Powhatan,  Lovington,  N.  Mex 

1921  Carter,  Roy,  Waverly,  Tenn. 

1922  Carter,  Royle  A.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1908  Oirter,  W.   F.,  St.  Louia,  Ma 
1910  Carter,  William  A,,  Tampa.  Fla. 

1914  Carton,  Alfred  T.,  Chicago,  111. 

1909  Carton,  John  J.,  Flint,   Mich. 

1914  Carusi,  Charles  F.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
1920  Caruthers,    J     Henry,    Jefferson    City. 

Mo. 

1913  Caruthers,  John,   Okmulgee,   Okla. 

1922  Carvell,  Mae,  Los  Angeles,  Csl. 

1891  Carver,  Eugene  P.,  Boston,  Maaa. 

1917  Carver,   F.  O.,  Roxboro,  N.  a 

1915  Carver,   Harry  S.,  Bel   Air,  Maryland. 
1909  Carver,  M.  H..  Natchitoches,  La. 
1922  Oarville,  E.  P.,  Elko,  Nev. 
1922  Gary,  George  E.,  Gloucester,  Vs. 

1912  Cary,  Guy,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1922  Cary,   Hunsdon,   Richmond,   Va. 

1920  Cary,  Paul  V.,  Appleton.  Wia. 
1906  Cary,  Robert  J.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1922  Cary,  W.  P.,  San  Diego,  Oal. 

1921  Carynski,  Stephen  R.,  Chicago,  111. 

1913  Caae,  Benjamin  W.,  WakefiMd,  R.  I. 
1912  Case,  Chas.  Center,  Jr.,  Chicago.  HL 

1916  Case,  Clarence  T.,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
1921  Case,  George  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1022  Case,  Munson  T.,  Los  Angeles,  Qal. 

1014  Case,  Wifliam  W.,  Chicago,  III. 


ALPHABBTIOAL  LIST  OF   MBKBBB8. 


747 


1918  Oiaebeer,  Arthur  i.,  San  Diego,  Ctl. 

1922  Oucy,  S.  L.,  WaUa  Wftllt,  Wuh. 

1922  Caaey,  Hinm  E.,  Sftstt  Rosa,  OU. 

1920  ClMcy,  Jamea  S..  Biibee,  Ariz. 
1918  Oaaey,  John  H.,  Boston,  IfaaiL 

1918  Caaey,   Samuel   M..    Batesvllle,   Ark. 

1918  Caaey,    Thomas,    Pitchburg,    Mass. 

1918  Casey,  Tobias  D.,  Dickinson,  N.  D. 

1921  Ou«y,  Walter  T.,   Loa  Angclea,  Oal. 

1921  Gash,  J.  R.,  Bonesteel,  S.  D. 

1918  Cashel,  John  A.,  Worthington,  If  Inn. 
1910  Cashin,  Charles  H.,  Stevens  Point,  Wis. 
1910  Caahman,  John,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1922  Oaahman,  W.  E.,  Sao  Frandsoo,  OaL 
1914  Cashman,  William  T.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
1921  Oaas,  Alvin  O.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1914  Caaaatt,   Alfred  C,   Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1914  Caasell,  R.  B.,  Harrlman,  Tenn. 

1920  CuBelman,    Mark   F.,   Camden.   N.   J. 

1912  Caasels,  Edwin  H.,  Chicago,   111. 

1920  Casaidy,  Daniel  P.,  Detroit.  Mich. 

1921  Oassidy,   John   H.,   Waterbury,   Oonn. 
1928  Ga«in,  Charles  It,  San  Joee,  Cal. 

1910  Castberg,  Biame.   Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

1922  Castelbun,  F.  J.,  Ban  Francisco,  Cal. 

1911  Castle,  Alfred  L.,  Honolulu.  Hawaii. 
1921  Castle,  Heibert  U.,  Elko,  Nev. 

1919  Castle,  Howard  P.,  Chicago.  111. 
1918  Castle,  Kendall  B..  Rochester.  N.  Y. 
1928  Oastle,  N.  H.,  Juneau.  Alaska. 

1904  Castle,  William  R.,  Honolulu,  Hawaii. 

1921  Oastlen,  Harry  Wightman,  St.  Louie.  Mo. 

1918  Caston,  R.  T.,  Cheraw,  8.  C. 

1921  Castrucdo,  Coastantine  M.,  Los  Angeles, 

Oal. 

1917  Cate,  Horace  Nelson,  Knoxville,  Tenn. 
1908  Gates,  Charles  T.,  Jr.,  Knorrille,  Tenn. 
1910  Catharine,  Joseph  W.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

1910  Oathcart,  Arthur  Martin,  SUnford  Uni- 

versity, Cal. 

1900  Catherwood,  S.  D.,  Aoatin,  Minn. 

1918  Catinella,  Frank  P..   New  York.   N.   Y. 

1922  Oatlin,  Fred  M.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

1919  Cato,  Baxter,   Nashville,   Tenn. 
1919  Cato,  Henry  S.,  Charleaton,  W.  Va. 
1922  OatoD,  Hany  B.,  Waahington,  D.  C. 
1900  Caton,  Jamea  R.,  Alexandria,  Vs. 

IflSl  Oaton,  Janoea  Randall,  Jr.,   Alexandria, 

Va. 

1919  Cattel,  Archibald,  Chicago,  HI. 

1917  Csudle,  Theron  L.,  Wadesboro,  N.  C. 

1922  Oaulfleld,  C.  Harold,  San  Francisco.  Cal. 

1914  Caulfleld.  Henry  8..  St.  Louia,  Mo. 

1921  Oansey,  William  W.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1911  Cavanagh,  B.  J.,  Dea  Moines.  Iowa. 
1914  Cavanai^,  Jamea  F..  Boston,  Masa. 

1922  Oavanagh.    Richard   Bryan,    New   York, 

N.  y. 


hjktsd 

1920  Cavanaugh,  Jamea  H.,  Mt.  Yemoii,  N.  T. 

1914    Cavanaugh,  Martin  J.,  Ann  Arbor,  MidL 
1822   Oavanaugfa,    William    P.,    New    York, 
N.  T. 

1913  Cavaney,  Peter  E.,  Boiae,  Idaho. 

1914  Cave,  Rhodea  E.,  St  Louia,  Mo. 

1910  Cave,   Willard  P.,  Moberly,  Mo. 

1921  Cawley,  Verne  O.,  Elkhart,  Ind. 

1920  Cayce,  J.  Paul,  Farmington,  Mo. 

1921  Oella,  Paul  J.,  Tucaon,  Aria. 

1921    Oerf,  Marcel  E.,  San  Frandaco,  OaL 
1918    Chace,  Elmer  8.,   Providence,  R.  L 

1921  Chadboume,  Franklin  W.,  Fond  du  Lac, 

Wia. 
'  1922    Chadboume,  H.  F.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1917  Chadboume,  W.  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1911  Chadboume,    William    M.,    New    York. 

N.  Y. 

1922  Chadwick,  B.  J.,  Seattle,  Waah. 

1922    Chadwick,     Stephen     Fowler,     Seattle, 

Waah. 
1922    Chadwick,     William     Clinton,     Detroit, 

Mich. 
1909    Chaffe,  D.  B.  H.,  New  Orleans.  La. 

1915  Chaffe,  Henry  H.,  New  Orleana.  La. 

1921  Chaffee,   Stephen   E.,   Sunnyaide,    Wash. 

1922  Chalaire,    Walter,    New    York,    N.    Y. 
1914  Chalfant,  John  W.,  Pittaburgh,   Pa. 

1918  Chalkley,  Lyman.  Lexington.  Ky. 
1922  Chalmers,  Franklin  S.,  Atlanta.  Oa. 

1921  Chalmers,  Louis  H.,  Phoenix,  Arix. 
1911    Chamberlain,    Albert  3enry,    Lawrence, 

Mass. 

1919  Chamberlain.  George  E.,  Washington, 

D.  C. 
1914    Chsmberlain,  John  A.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1913  Chamberlain,    Joseph    P.,     New    York. 

N.   Y. 

1922  Chamberlain,  R.   H.,  Jr.,  Oakland,  Cal. 
1921    CLamberlain,  Richard  C,  Trenton.  N.  J. 

1921  Chamberlain,    William,    Cedar    Rapida, 

Iowa. 

1909  Chamberlin,  Frederic  R.,  Bayonne,  N.  J. 

1922  Chamberlin.  H.  A..  Loa  Angelea,  Oal. 
1922    Chamberlin,     Herbert,     San     Franciaco, 

Cal. 
1918    Chamberlin,  Horace,   Little  Rock.   Ark. 

1914  Chamberlin,  Justin  Morrill,  Washington. 

D.  C. 

1918  Chamberlin.  Lafayette  R.,  Boston.  Mb«s 

1914  Chambers.  Arthur  W.,  New  Hsven,  Conn. 

1918  Chambers.    C.    M..    Ssn    Antonio.    Tex. 

1895  Chambers.  Francis  T.,  Philsdelphla.  Pa. 

1920  Chambers,  Harry  B..  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1921  Chambers,  Oliver  J.,  Dayton.  Ohio. 

1922  Chambera,  William,  Los  Angeles.  Cal. 

1910  Chambliss.  Alex.  W..  Chartanooga.  Tpnn 
1914    Ch^mbliFS,  John  A.,  Chattanoof^,  Tem^. 


748 


AKERICAK  BAB  A68O0IATI0N. 


1919  Champe,  Tonon  O.,  Montgomery,  W.  Va. 

1910  Cbtmploa,  Lee,  Denver,  Colo. 

19S1  Champion,  Tbomu  W.,  Ardnore,  OkU. 

1806  Chancellor,  Justus.  Chicago,  111. 

192S  Obandler,  A.  E.,  San  Frandaco,  OaL 

1911  Chandler,  Albert  lllnot,  Boston,  llaas. 
1880  Chandler,  Alfred  D.,  Boston,   Mass. 
192S  Ohandler,  Chaa.  L.,  Los  Angeles,  OaL 
1918  Chandler,  Charles  S.,  Ely.  Ner. 

1921  Chandler,  Henry  P.,  Chicago,  IlL 

1918  Chandler,  Jeff    P.,  Los.  Angeles,  CaL 
1906  Chandler,  Joseph  H..  Los  Angeles.  CaL 
1982  Chandler,  M.  8.,  SL  Paal,  Minn. 

1981  Chandler,   Norman  Wilmer,   New  York, 

N.   T. 

1919  Chandler,  Walter  C,  Memphla,  Tenn. 

1921  Ohaney,  Ceylon  0.,  Canton,  N.  T. 
1990  Chaney,  James  M.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1910  Chaney,  John  C,  Sullivan,  Ind. 

1919  CSiannell.  S.  F.,  Weltsboro,  Pa. 

1911  Channfng.    Henry  Morse.   Boston,   Maas. 

1922  Chapin,  E.  Barton,  Boston,  Mast. 

1921  Chapin,    E.    L.,   Springfield,   111. 

1914  Chapin.  Frederick  E.,  Washington.  D.  C. 

1922  Chaphi,  L.  H.  Paul,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1914  Chaplin,  Carroll  a,  Portland,   Me. 

1921  Chaplin,   Trescott  F.,  St.   Lonia,  Mo. 

1915  Chapman,  C.  B..  Ottawa.  Illinois. 

1922  Chapman,     Charles    McOormack,     New 

York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Chapman,  Edgar  C,  San  Franciaoo,  CaL 

1915  Ch^pmsn,  Francis.  Philad<»lphta.   Pa. 
1922  Chapman,  George  D.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 
1918  Chapman,  James  W..  Jr.,  Baltimore.  Md. 
1910  Chapman.  Lewis  A..  Chillicothe,  Mo. 
1921  Chapman.   M.   C.  Oakland.  Csl. 

1910  Chapman.  Philip  F.,  Portland.  Me. 

1908  Chapman.  S.  Spencer,  PhilBd<*1phia,  Pa. 
1914  Chapman,  Theodore  S..  Chicago,  HI. 
1921  Cbapman,  Virgil,  Lexington,  Ky. 

1921  Chapman.   Ward,  Los  Angeles,  CsL 

1920  Chapman.  Wilton  D..  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

1921  Chappell,  Elwood  B.,  Lincoln,  Neb. 

1909  Chappell,    Fred  L.,    Kalamazoo.   Mich. 

1922  Chappie,  Henry  A.,  Billings,  Mont. 
1914  Chappuis,   Philip  J.,  Crowley,  La. 

1918  Charak,   William,  Boston,  Mass. 

1921  Charles,  Albert  N.,  Chicago.  IlL 
1809  Charles.  Benjamin  H..  St.   Louia.  Mo. 
1914  Charles,  Elmer  E.,   Warsaw^  N.  Y. 

1916  Charles,   Oarfi(»ld.   Chicago,   III. 

1922  Charts,  Alfred  Jean.  Carson  City,  Nev. 
1922  Chase,  C.  W.,  Los  Angeles,  CaL 

1919  Chase,  Frederic  II..   Boston,   Xiass. 
1891  Chase.  George.  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1918  Chase,  Herbert  M.,  Boston.  Mass. 
191fr  Chase.  John  B..  Oconto,  Wiv>nnsin. 

1982  Chase,  Lucius  K..  Los  Angeles,  OaL 


BLBCTSn 

1906  Chase,  Nathan  H.,  Minneapolis.  MIbb. 

1922  Chase,  Paul  W.,  Hillsdale,  Mich. 

1916  Chaae,  W.  A.,  Tulaa,  Okla. 

1909  Chase,  Warren  D.,  Clementsport,  Novm 

SootU. 

1920  Chaanoff,  Jacob,  St  Louia,  Md. 

1914  Chastain,  Edward  8.,  AtlanU.  Qa. 

1918  Chatfleld,  Thomaa  L,  Brooklyn,  N.  T« 

1920  Chawke,  Thomas  F.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1918  Cheadle,  J.  B.,  Norman.  Okla. 

1920  Cheetham,  Francis  T.,  Taos,  N.  M. 
1006  Cheever,  D.  B.,  Chicago,  IlL 

1921  Chenault,  G.  O.,   Alhaoy,  Ala. 

1922  Cheney,  Everett  W.,  Bcno,  Nev. 

1921  Chen«y,  Henxy  D.,  Chicago,  DL 
mi  Cheney,  Jerome  L.,  Syracuae,  N.  T. 
1914  Cheney,  Luke  H.,  Stockville,  Nehr. 

1922  Chenoweth,  Orr  M.,  Redding,  CaL 
1021  Ohemosky.  C.  H..  Rosenberg,  Texasi 
1922  Cherry,  James  W.,  Mt.  Pleasant,  Utah. 
1922  Cherry,  R.  O.,  Oastonia,  N.  C. 
1909  Cherry,  U.  8.  G.,  Sioux  Falla,  8.  D. 
1916  Cherry.  Wilbur  ^.,  Minnes  polls,  Mina. 
1918  Cherry,  William  J.,  Rock  HiU.  a  a 

1911  Chesnut.  W.  Calvin,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1921  Chevalier.  Stuart,  New  York.  N.  T. 

1922  Ches,  Joseph,  Ogden,  Utah. 

1918  Chraem,  Andrew  L..  Davenport,  Iowa. 
1922  Chichester,  0.  M.,  Richmond.  Ta. 
1921  Chickering,  Allen  L.,  San  Francisco,  CaL 

1921  Chidfley.  T.  McReen,  Raston.  Penn. 

1922  Child.  Ernest  M.,  KalispeU,  Mont. 

1913  Child.  Francis,  Newark.  N.  J. 
1921  Child,  Henry  Lyman,  Springfield.  IlL 

1906  Child,  a   R.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

1919  Child,  Samuel  M.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1921  Childress,  Arthur  B.,  Faribault,  Mfnn. 
19^6  Childs.  Clarence  H.,  Minn^apolia,  Minn. 

1922  Childs,  E.,  San  Fnjutiaoo,  Oal. 

1907  Childs,  Edwards  H..  New  York,  N.   Y. 

1912  Childs.  Frank  Hall,  Chicago,  HI. 

1921  Childs,  Lester  C.  Chicago,  HL 

1920  niilds.  Rsndnlph  W..  PhilsdMphfa.  Pa. 

1922  Chillingworth,  a  K.,  West  Palm  BeadI 
Fla. 

1914  Chiltnn,  George,  Beaumont,  Texaa. 

1916  Chilton,  J.  William,  Spri-  -field.  Mo. 
1911  Chilton,  Wm.  Edwin.  Charleston,  W.  Va. 

1921  Chilvers.  Willism,  New  York,  N.   Y. 

1921  Chindshl,  George  L..  Chicago,  III. 
1021  Chindblom,  Carl  R.,  Waahington,  D.  O. 
1918  Chinn,    William    J.,    Colorado    Springs. 

Colo. 

1922  Chinnock.  James  T.,  Oranta  Paaa,  Ora. 
1914  Chiperfleld,  B.  M..  Canton.  111. 

1917  Chipley.  Hunt,  AtUnU,  Ga. 
19f1»  Chirurg,  Isidore  S.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1918  Cbiaolm,  Wno.  Wallace,  Huntingdon.  Pa. 


ALPHABETICAL  LIST   OF   MBMBEBS. 


749 


1M8 
1918 
1921 
19n 
1918 

1922 
1922 
1921 
1919 
1919 
1908 
1919 
1919 
1917 
1917 
1921 
1920 
1921 
19U 

1919 
1921 
1916 
1921 
1918 
1907 
1921 
1921 
1912 
1914 
1922 
1899 
1914 
1921 
1918 
1911 
1922 
1920 
1914 
1921 
1912 
1914 
1914 
1914 
1917 
1911 
1901 
1921 
1910 
1908 
1896 
1928 
1914 

mi 

1921 


Chittick.  HeniT  R«,  New  Tork,  N.  T. 
Choate,   Chartet  F.«   Jr.,  Boston,   MaaiL 
Cbones,  William,  Chicago,  Xll. 
Chopak,  Jules,   New  York,   N.  T. 
Chormann,     Frederick,     Niagara     Falla, 

N.  T. 
Oborosh,  Wm.  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Christenaen,  0.  D..  Portland.  Ore. 
Christenaen,  Chester  H.,  Beloit,   Wis. 
Christensen,  Henry  C,  Rochester,  Minn. 
Christian,  Andrew  D.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Christian.   Frank  P.,   Lynchhurg,   Va. 
Christian,   Stuart  G.,   Richmond,   Va. 
Christian,  Thomas  D.,  Ljnchburg,  Va. 
Christiansen,  Christian  A.,  Juneau,  Wis. 
Christmas,    H.    R.,    Kemmerer,    Wyo. 
Christmas,  J.  A.,  Kemmerer,  Wyo. 
Christopher,  H.   R..   Okmulgee,   Okla. 
Christopher,  T.   Irving,  Chicago,  111. 
Christopherson,  Charles  A.,  Sioux  Falb, 

a  D. 
Chriaty,  George  D.,  Phoenix,  Ariz. 
Christy,  James  Smith,  Pittsburgh.  Penn. 
Christy.  John  W..  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 
Chryasikos,  George  J.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Chrystie,  EInar,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Chiyatie.  T.  Ludlow.   New  York,   N.  Y. 
Ohuran,  Charles  A.,  Chicago,  III. 
Church,  Chester  W.,  Chicago.  HI. 
Church.  Elliott  Bradford.  Boston.  llasB. 
Church,  Frederick  F..  Rochester,  N.  Y. 
Church,  L.  S.,  Oakland,  Oal. 
Church.  Melville,  Washington,  D.  O. 
Church.  Melville  D.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Church,  Ralph  B.,  Chicago,  111. 
Church,   Ulytises  0..   Waterbury,   Conn. 
Chnrchill,  Alex  L..  Providence,  R.  I. 
Churchill,  F.  B.,  Kent,  Wash. 
Churchill.  Harry  E.,  Greeley,  Colo. 
Churchill,  Irwin  A.,  Huron,  S.   D. 
Oianchetti,  Adolph,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
Cist.  Charles  M.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
Clagett,  Charlea  W.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Claggett,   L.   B.   Keene,   Baltimore.  Md. 
Claiborne,  Charles  F.,  New  Orleans.  La. 
Claiborne.  James  R.,  St.  Louis,  Mo 
Clancy,  Frank  W.,  Santa  Fe,  N.  M. 
Clapham,  W.  E.,  Fort  Wayne,  Ind. 
dapp,   A.   W.,   St.    Paul,   Minn. 
Clapp,   Cllft   Rogers,    Boston,   Maaa. 
Clapp.  Newell  H..  St.  Paul.  Minn. 
Clapp,  Rnhert  P..  Lexington,  Masa. 
Olapp,  William  J.,  Fargo,  N.  D. 
Clapperton,      George,      Grand     Raplda, 

Mich. 
Clare,  William  P.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
Clarity,   A.  J.,  Freeport,   111. 
Oltrk«  Alaaworth  W.,  Chicago,  DL 


1911  aark,   Alfred  B.,   Portland.  Ore. 
1922  Clark,  Appleton  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1920  nark.  Bennett  C,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1921  Clark,  Charles  D.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1919  Clark,  Charles  Y.,  Chicago,  111. 
1906  Clark,  Chester  W.,   Boston,   Maaa. 

1916  Clark,  Clarence  D.,  Evanston,  Wyoming. 

1920  aark,  Edward  S.,  Bay  City,  Mich. 
1906  Clark,  Elmer  C,  Oswego,  Kana. 
1910  Clark,  Elroy  N.,  Denver,  Colo. 

1913  aark,  Frederic  L.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1912  Clark.   Frederic  Wilaon.   Greeley,   Colo. 
1918  aark.    Gaylord    Lee,    Baltimore,    Md. 

1921  aark.  George  H.,  Canton,  Ohio. 

1914  aark,  Grenville,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  aark,  Harold  T.,  aeveland,  Ohio. 
1918  Hark.   Henry  C.   Jacksonville,   Fla. 

1922  aark,  Henry  H.,  Denver.  Colo. 

1914  Clark,  Henry  Wallace.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1918  aark,  Herbert  W.,  Berkeley,  Cal. 
1906  Clark.  Homer  P.,  St.   Paul.   Minn. 
1910  aark,  Howard  J.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 
1891  aark,  I.   R.,  Boston,   Mass. 

1919  aark.  J.  C,  Conway,  Ark. 

1913  aark,  J.  Reuben,  Jr.,  Salt  Lake  aty. 

UUh. 

1910  aark,  James,  Ellicott  City.  Md. 

1917  aark.  Jamra  N..  Boston.  Mass. 
1921  aark,  James  R.,  ancinnatl,  Ohio. 
1919  aark.  John  A.,  Fairbankt.  Alaska. 

1918  aark.  John  D.,  Denver,  Col. 

1917  Clark,  John  Rirkland,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1900  aark.  Joaeph   H.,   Detroit,   Mich. 

1918  Clark,  Joaeph   a,   Philadelphia,   Pa. 

1914  aark,  Lincoln  R.,  Chicago,  III. 

1911  Clark,   L>'man   K.,  Boston,    riaas. 
1021  aark,   Malcolm  H..   Portland,   Orag. 
1806  aark.  Martin,  Buffalo,  N.   Y. 

1921  aark,  Martin  Lee,  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y. 

1919  aark.  Neil  C,   Preaoott.  Aria. 
1910  aark.   Oliver  O.,  Loa  Angeles,   OaL 
1921  Clark.    Ralph   E.,  Cincinnati,   Ohio. 
1916  Clark.  Stuart  L.,  Emin-nce.  Mo. 

1921  aark,  Thaddeus  S.,  Charleston,  W.  Va. 

1920  Clark,  W.   R.,  Denver.  Colo. 
1021  aark,  W.  W.,  Milton.  Fla. 

191 5  Hark,  Walter  L..   Baltimore.  Md. 

1922  aark,  Wayne  L.,  Ventura,  Cal. 

1921  aark.  William  B.,  Yakima,  Waah. 

1919  Clark,  William  M.,   New  York.   N.  Y. 

1910  Clarke.  Arthur.  Cor^'allis,  Oregon. 

1911  Clarke.  Arihur  F.,   B  aton.   Maaa. 

1910  aarke,  Charles  F.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

1920  Harke.  Chauncev  H..  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

1921  aarke,  Elam  L.,  Waukegan,  111. 

1911  Clarke.   Rnos.  St.  L  u^s.  Mo. 

1916  Clarke,    Hrnry    L.,   Chicago,    111. 
1898  Clarke,  John  H.,  Youngstown,  Ohio. 


760 


AMERICAN  BAB  A8S0GIATI0K. 


1922  OliriEe,  John  Bobb»  Lm  Vegu,  Nev. 

1M2  Clarke,   Richtrd  H.,  New  York,   N.   T. 

1921  Clarke,  Robert  U.,  Los  Angelea,  Oal. 

1907  Clarke,  Samuel  B.,   WaahinfftoQ,  Conn. 

1921  Clarke,    W.    H.    Crichton,    New    York, 

N.   Y. 

1922  Clarke,  W.  W.,  Spokane,   Waah. 

1920  Clarke,  William  F.,  Jr.,  Louiaville,  Ky. 

1919  Clarkin,  Harold  E..  Pall  Rirer,  Maas. 
1917  Clarkton,  Edgar  L.,  Tuacalooaa,  Ala. 

1920  Qarkaon,   Eugene  S.,   Detroit,   Mich. 

1919  Clarkaon.    John    T..    Albfa,    Iowa. 

1921  Clary,   A.   R.,  Chicago,  IlL 

1914  Claasen,  Philip  L.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

1917  Claaaon,    Allen   V..   Oconto,    Wis. 

1922  Clauaon,  0.  J.,  Wimbledon,  N.  D. 

1917  Clay,  Brutus  J.,  Paris,  Ky. 

1911  Clay,    Buokner,   Charleston,   W.    Va. 

1912  aay,   George  a.   New  York,   N.   Y. 

1907  Clay,    William   Law,   Sarannah,   Qa. 

1913  Clay,  Wm.   Rogers,  Prrnkfort.  Ky. 
1922  Clayson,  Walter  8.,  Corona,  CaL 

1918  Clayton,  Henry  D.,  Montgomery,  AU. 

1920  Clayton.  Joseph  E..  Ilobridge,  S.  D. 
1918  Clayton,  S.   H.,  Taco,  Texas. 

1908  Clearwater.   A.   T.,   Kingston,   N.   Y. 

1921  Cleary,  Edward  L.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

1922  Cleary,  James  0.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1920  apary.  John  M.,  Kansas  City,  Ifo. 
1922  Cleary,  Leo  V.,  Chicago,  111.    • 

1921  Cleary,  T.  P.,  Sioux  City,  Iowa. 

1920  Cleaveland,   Allan,  Baltimore,  lid. 
1908  Cleareland,  L.  W.,  New  Haven,  f  onn. 

1921  Cleland,    Rolland    J.,    Grand    Rapids, 

Mich. 

*1918  Clemens,  John  W,  PottsvtUe,  Ps. 

1906  Clement,  Chsrlcs  M.,  Sunbuiy,   Pa. 

1914  Clement,  Edward  C  Washington,  D.  C. 
1900  aement,  L.  H.,  Salisbury,  N.  C 

1918  Clement.  Samuel  M.,  Jr.,  Philadelphia. 
Pa. 

1922  Clements,  Chaunc^  N.,  Chicago,  111. 
1914  Clementa,  Francis  W.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
1914  demons,  Charles  F.,  Honolulu,  Hawaii. 
1914  Clemson,  Charles  C,  Westminster,  Md. 
1908  Clephane,  Walter  C,  Washington,  D.  C. 
1912  Cleveland,  Cheater  E.,  Chicago,  111. 
1914  Clevenger,  Prank  M.,  Wilmington,  Ohio. 
1899  aevenger,   William   M.,    Atlantic  City, 

N.   J. 

1921  Cliffe,  Adam  C,  Sycamore,  IlL 

1917  Clifford,  J.  C,  Dunn,  N.  O. 

1921  Clifford.  J.  Phillip.  Clarksburg,  W.  Va. 

1916  Clifford,  John  H.,  New  Bedford,  Mass. 

1012  aifford,  Philip  G.,  Portland,  Me. 

1916  Clifford,    Richard   W..   Chicago,   IlL 

1914  aifton,  John  W.,  Washington,  D.  a 

1921  Clifton,  Wiley  H.,  Aberdeen,  Miss. 


ELBCTBO 

1907  Clindi,  Edward  8.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1921  Cline,   Claude,    Huntingdon,   Ind. 

1910  Cline,  J.  D.,  Lake  Charles.  U. 
1914  Clingman,   Ord,  Lawrence,   Kans. 
1921  Olinnin,  John  V.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1914  Clippinger,  W.  W.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1915  aithero,  Delbert  A.,  Chicago,  m. 
1921  Clock,  Ralph  H..  Long  Beach.  CaL 
1921  Clocke,  T.  Emoiy,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Close,     Charles    P.,     Upper    Sanduaky, 
Ohio. 

1914  aose,  Philip  H.,  Bel  Air,  Md. 

1922  Clotfelter,  U.  T.,  Los  Angeles,  Oal. 
1921  Cloud,   A.   D.,  Chicago,   IlL 

1920  aoud.  Wendell  H.,  Kanaas  aty.  Mo. 

1921  Clough,  R.  P.,  Mason  City,  Iowa. 

1922  Clovia,  C.  B.,  Atlantic.  Iowa. 
1922  Cluff,  Alfred  T.,  San  Francisco,  OaL 
1921  Cluff,  Harvey  H.,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

1920  Cluff,    L.    Eggertaen,    Salt    Uke    City, 
Utah. 

1921  Clum,  Alfred,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1922  Clune,  George  William,  New  York,  M.  Y. 

1921  Clymer,  Virgil  H.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 
1918  Clynft,   Charlea   P.,  Chicago,  IlL 

1911  Coady,  Charles  P.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1920  Coakley,  Charles  A.,  Ardmore,  Okla. 

1906  Coakley.  Daniel  H.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1911  Ooale.  Geonre  O.  G..  BoRton,  Maas. 

1922  Coale,  H.  W.,  Stockton.  OU. 
1922  Coan,  O.  Arthur,  Nyac^,  N.  Y. 

1916  Coan.  Ralph  M.,  Portland,  Ore. 

1918  Coats.  Herbert  P.,  Saranac  Uke,  N.  T. 

1911  Coatsworth.  Edward  E..  Buffalo.  N.  Y. 
1904  Cobb,  A.  Ward,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1908  Cobb,  Albert  C,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

1912  Cobb,  Andrew  J.,  Athens,  Oa. 

1919  Cobb,  Charles  L.,  Chicago.   HI. 

1921  Cobb,  Florence  Etheridge,  Wewoka,  Okla. 
1921  Cobb,  James  H.,  Wewoka,  Okla. 
1914  Cobb,  John  H..  Jimeau,  Alaska. 
1918  Cobb,  M.  8.,  Hot  Springs,  Ark. 
1916  Cobb,   Orris  P.,   Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1907  Cobb,  W.   Bruce,   New   York.  N.  T. 

1921  Cobb,  W.  8.,  Jackson,  Mich. 
1911  Oobbs,  Thomas  H.,  St  Louis,  Mo. 

1913  Cochran,  A.  A.,  Cheater,  Pa. 
1892  Cochran,  Alexander  G.,  St.  Loais,  Mo. 
1906  Cochran,  Andrew  M.  J.,  M^ysville,  Ky. 

1920  Cochran,  Charlea  E.,  Portland,  Ore. 
1913  Cochran,  Ernest  P.,  Anderson,  8.  C 

1922  Cochran,  James,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1918  Cochran,  Thomas  C,  Mercer,  Pa.  . 
1922  Cocke,  B.  J.,  New  Orleana,  La. 

1920  Cocke,  Cliarles  Francis,  Roanoke,  Va. 

1921  Cocke,  J.  Walter,  Waco.  Texas. 
1902  Cocke,  Ludan  H.,  Roanoke,  Va. 
1920  Cocke,  Ludan  U..  Jr.,  Roanoke,  Va. 


ALPHABSTICAL  LIST  OF  MBMBEB8. 


761 


ins  CockerUl,  O.  P.,  UoBOfyw,  Idaho. 

1918  Cockley,  William  B.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
18M  Cockran,  W.  Bourke,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1910  Oockrell.  A.  W..  Jr.»  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

1912  Cookrell,  Alston,  Jacksonville*  Fla. 
1901  Cockrill,  Ashler,  Little  Rock»  Ark. 

1914  Cockrum,  John  B.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
1009  Coco,  Adolph  Valery,  New  Orleans,  La. 

1910  Codding,  John  W.,  Towanda,  Pa. 

1919  Codman,  Julian,  Boston,  Haas. 

1915  Cody.  Frank  If.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 
1922  Doe,  Arthur  F.,  Loa  Angeles,  Gal. 

1920  Coe,  J.  M.,  Pensacola,  Fla. 

1918  Ooe,  Walter  E.,  Stamford,  Conn. 
1914  Coe,  Ward  B.,  Baltimora.  Md. 
1917  Cocn,  John  R.,  Sterling,  Colo. 

1917  Coen,  Walter  S.,  Fort  Morgan,  Colo. 

1914  Coffey,  Charles  S.,  ChatUnooga,  Tenn. 
1922  OoiTey,  Edward  I.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1921  Ooffey,    Jeremiah    V.,    San    Francisco, 

CaL 

1921  Ck>flln,  Chester  L.,  Santa  Monica,  Cat 

1913  Coffin,  George  P.,  Easton,  Pa. 

1907  Coffin,  Berbert  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1980  Coffin,  Thomas  C,  Pocatello,  Idaho. 

1920  Coffman,  Frank.  St.  lA>iiiB,  Mo. 

1922  Coffman,  James  T.,  Healdsburg,  Oal. 

1920  Cofield,   W.   H..  Cortex,   Colo. 

1921  Ooghlan,  Henry  D.,  Chicago,  111. 

1921  Ooghlan,  John  P.,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 

1921  Ooghlan,  Joseph,  Bismarck,  N.  D. 

1922  Cohalan,  Denis  O'L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1915  CohaUn,  John  P.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Cohane,  Louis,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1922  Cohen,  Abraham  0.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1911  C<Aen,  Abraham  K.,  Boston,  Masa. 

1914  Cohen,  Alfred  M.,  ancinnati,  Ohio. 
1922  Cohen,  Archie  H.,  Chicago,  HI. 
1922  Cohen,  Arthur  O.,  Seattle,  Wash. 
1921  Cohen,  Franklin  M.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1921  Ooh«i,  Franklin  Willard,  Anson  is.  Conn. 
1921  Cohen,  George  B.,  Chicago,  111. 

1921  Cohen,  George  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1919  Cohen,  Harry  K.,  Ballantine,  Mont 

1918  Cohen.  Harvey  J.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1922  Cohen,  Henry  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y., 
1922  Cohen,  Hyman  M.,  East  Chicago,  Ind. 
1922  Cohen,  Issac,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1906  Cohen.  Julius  Henry,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Cohen,  Louis,  Atascadero,  Cal. 

1922  Cohen,  Louis  Maxwell,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Cohen,  M.  H.,  Dea  Moines,  Iowa. 

1921  Cohen,  Max  G.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1914  Cohen,  Myer,  Washington,  0.  C. 

1921  Cohen,  Paul  P.,  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y. 

i921  Cohen,  Samuel,   Chicago,  111. 

1921  Cohen,  Samuel  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1912  Coheot  William  N.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


1913  Cohn,  Eugene,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1922  Oohn,  Louis,  New  York,  N.  Y.      ^ 

1921  Oohn,  Louis  M.,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 
1928  Oohn,  Louis  B.,  CSiicago,  IlL 
1917  Cohn,  Nathan,  NashviUe,  Tenn. 
1919  Coit,  George  Chandler,  Bost4io, 

1914  Coke,  Alex  8.,  Dallas,  Texaa. 
1897  Coke.  Henry  C.  Dallas.  Texas. 

1922  Ooker,  B.  A.,  Dallas,  Texaa. 
19SS  Oolbum,  A.  0.,  Spokane,  Wash. 

1907  Oolby,   Bainbridge,   New  York,  N.  Y. 

1908  Oolby,  James  P.,  Hanover,  N.  H. 

1921  Colby,  Leonard  W.,  Beatrice,  Neb. 

1922  Colby,  William  E.,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 

1921  CoMiron,  John  F..  Catlettsburg,  Ky. 
1928  Cole,  Allyn,  Lamar,  Colo. 

1922  Cole,  Arthur  C,  Bingham  Oanyon,  Utah. 

1917  Cole.  Ashley  T.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Cole,  Bartlett,   Portland,  Oreg. 

1922  Cole,  Ben  I^.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1914  Cole,  Charles  D.  M.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1903  Cole.  Clarence  L.,  AtlanUc  aty,  N.  J. 

1914  Cole,  Edward  F.,  Waterbury,  Conn. 
1919  Cole,  Franklin  J.,  El  Centro,  Cal. 
1018  Cole,  George  S.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1918  Cole,  John  M..  Springfield.  Ohio. 
1980  Cole.  William  P.,  Jr.,  TowK>n.  Md. 
1922  Ooleberd,  J.   W.,  South  San  Frandsoo. 

Oal. 

1913  Coleman,    Benjamin    W..    Carson    City, 

Nev. 

1922  Coleman,  Byron,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 

1011  Coleman.  Charles  T.,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

1919  Coleman.   Dennis  W.,   Waterbury.  Conn 

1920  Coleman,  Frank  B..  St.  Louis.  Mo 

1912  Coleman,  George  S.,   Glen  Cove,  L.   I.. 

N.  Y. 

1922  Coleman,  GreU  C.  Boston,  Mass. 

1922  Coleman,  H.  J.,  Billings,  Mont 

1908  Coleman.  J.   A.,   Everett,  Wash. 

1916  Coleman.  James  Leonard.  Chicago.  111. 

1913  Coleman,  John  B.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1911  Coleman,  Phares.  Birmingham.  Ala. 
1919  Coleman,  Thomas,  Charleston,  W.  Va. 
1911  Coleman.  W,  F..  Pine  Bluff.  Ark. 
1922  Coleman.  Wilbra,  Mt  Vernon.  Wash. 

1915  Coleman.   William  C.  Baltimore,  Md. 

1921  Colea,   George   W..   Philadelphia,   Penn. 
1907  Colea.  Walter  D..  St  Louis.  Mo. 

1921  Oolety,   Francis.   New  York.   N.   Y. 

1921  Oolgrove.  Philip  T.,  Hastings.  Mich. 

1894  Oolie.  Edward  M..  Newark,  N.  J. 

1921  Coliopouloe,  Emmanuel  G.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1914  Colladay,  Edward  F.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

1916  Collier,  Frank  C,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
1907  Collier,  Frederick  J.,  Hudson,  N.  Y. 
1921  Collier,  H.  S.,  Gallatin,  Tenn. 

19^  Collier.   Robert,  Denver.   Colo. 


^52 


AMERICAN  BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


BLBCTED 

1922  Oolliagwood,  Morton,  Plymouth,  lius. 

1921  Oollitts,  A.  Chalkl^,  Great  Barrington, 

Mass. 

1919  Collins.  Abe.  Oe  Queen.  Ark. 

1919  Collins,  Beiyl  B.,  Chicago.  111. 

1918  Collins.  Cadwallader  J..   Norfolk.   Va. 

1912  Collina,    Cornelius   R.,    Michigan    aty. 

Ind. 

1915  Cblllns,  Darfd  T..  Hibbing.  Minn. 

1922  Collins,  E.  E.,  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa. 

1914  Collins,  Edgar  Q.,  Littlefield,  Texas. 
1922  Collins.  Huber  A..  Yuma.  Aria. 

1921  CoIUna,  J.  M.,  MaysviUe,  Kjr. 

1916  Collins.  James  A..  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

1915  Collins,  Jsmes  C,  Providence,  R.  I.    * 

1922  Oolllna,  James  F.,  New  York.  N.  T. 

1920  Collins,  James  J..  Dallas,  Tex. 

1922  ODllins,  Victor  Ford,  Los  Angeles,  Oal. 

1914  Collins.  W.  B..  Keokuk,  Iowa. 

1921  CoUiver,   Presley  O.,  Terre-Haute,  Ind. 

1919  Colquitt,  Walter  T.,  AtlanU,  Qa. 
1921  Colson,  Harry  O.,  Chicago,  111. 
1879  Colston,  Edward,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1921  Colston,  James  E.,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 
1911  Colt,  James  0.,  Boston.  Mass. 

1908  Colt.  Le  Baron  B..  Providence,  R.  h 

1922  Colthurst,  J.  A.,  Vallejo,  Oi|l. 

1913  Colton.  Henry  E.,  .Nashville,  Tenn. 
1921  Columbia,   Elmer  W.,  Oswego,  Kan. 

1921  Colville,  L.  M..  Pswhuska,  Okla. 

1922  Colwell,  Clyde  C,  Chicago,  lU. 

1921  Combs,   B.    F.,    Prestonburg,   Ky.  , 

1913  Combs.  Lee,  Valley  City,  N.  D. 

1918  Comegys.  Cornelius,  Scranton,  Pa. 

1911  Comer.  Charles  P..  St.  Louis,  Mo.  , 

1912  Cotnerford!  Frank.  Chicago.  111. 
19M  Comfort,  F.  V.,  Stillwater,  Minn. 

1916  Comins.  Danforth   W.,   Boston.   Mass. 
1916  Comlej,    William    H.,    Jr.,    Bridgeport, 

Conn. 

1921  Oompton,    George   Brokaw,    New  York, 

S.  Y. 

1922  ComptOQ,   Wilson  Martindale,   Washing- 

ton, D.  a 

1919  Comstock.  A.  Barr,  Boston,  Mass. 

1921  Comstock,  Albert,  Paterson,  N.  J. 

1905  Comstock.  Richard  B..  Providence,  R.  I, 

1922  Comstock,    Willard    W.,    West    Union, 

Iowa. 

1919  Conant,  Dsvid  S.,  St.  Johnabury.  Vt 

1904  Conant,  Ernest  B..  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1892  Conant,  George  A.,  Hartford.  Conn. 

1918  Conaway,  John  C,  Elyria,  Ohio. 

1913  Conboy,  Martin.  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1914  Condee,  I^ander  D.,  Chicago,  IlL 
1921  Oonder,  C.  L.,  Pekin,  111. 

1914  Conder,  Earl  R..  Indianapolis.  Ind. 

1915  Condlt,  J.  Sidney,  Chicago,  IlL 


1914  Condo,  Gus  8.,  Marlon,  Ind. 

1918  Condon,  James  G.,  Chicago,  lU. 
1921  Condon,  Richard,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1916  Condon,  Thomas  J.,  Chicago,  IIL 

1919  Conerty,  Joseph  A.,  Chicago,  111. 

1913  Congdon,  I.  E.,  Omaha,  Nebr. 

1920  Conger,  Frederic,  Long  Island,  N.  T. 

1921  Conklin,   Lewis   R.,    New  York,   N.   T. 

(Ridirewood,  N.  J.) 

1921  Conklin,  WillUro  R.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1916  Conlen,  William  J.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1914  Conley.  John  M.,  Beaumont.  Tens. 

1922  Conley,  W.  M.,  Fresno,  Cal. 

1914  Conley,  William  G.,  Charleston.  W.  Va. 

1921  Conlin,  Engene  F.,  San  Francisco,  OaL 

1921  Conly,  James  A.,  Wichita.  Kan. 

1914  Conn.  H.  L.,  Van  Wert.  Ohio. 

1921  Conn,  John  T.,   Hartley,  Iowa. 

1922  Conn,  W.  A.,  Fresno,  OaL 
1914  Connell,  Joseph  A..  Chicago,  HL 
1922  Connell,  Stephen,  San  Diego,  OaL 
1921  Connelly.  Paul  V.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1920  Conner,  Benjamin  C,  Ttilsa,  Okla. 
19l4  Conner,  Benjamin  H.,  Paria,  Franca^ 

1921  Conner,  J.  Verser,  Louisville,  Ky. 
1921  Connett,   W.   C,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1917  Oonnift,  John  J.,  Wheeling,  W.  Va. 

1921  OonnoUy,    George    A.,    San    Prandaoo, 

Cal. 

1920  Connolly,  Henry  J.,  Scrantnn.  Pa. 

1922  Connolly,  Joseph  E.  F.,  Portland,  Me. 
1922  Connolly,  Tom,  Marlin,  Texas. 

1922  Connor,  Chsrles,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1921  Connor,  Charles  C.  New  Bedford,  Mass. 
1910  Connor,  Heniy  G.,  Wilson,  N.  C. 

1920  Connor,    James    E.,    Jr.,    New    Haven. 

Conn. 

1922  Connor,  Patrick  D.,  Denver,  Oolo. 
1916  Connor,  William  T.,  PhiladelphU.  Pm. 
1919  Conqiuest,  Edward  J.,  Bangor.  Me. 
1916  Conrad.   Henry  S..  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

1918  Conrad,  W.   N..  Brookrille,  Pa. 

1922  Conrey,  Nathaniel  P.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

1916  Conroy,  Joseph  H.,  Hsmmond,  Ind. 

1921  Conroy,  Joseph  W.,  Cincinnati,  Ohiou 
1921  Conroy,  S.   S.,  Youngstown,  Ohio. 

1921  Conry,  Joseph   A.,  Boston.  Mass. 

1922  Constantine,  George  J.,  Moab,  Utah. 
1921  Constantine,   Henry  A.,    Niagara  Falls, 

N.  Y. 

1921  Contant,   Marlnus,  Hackensack,  N.   J. 

1922  Conway,  AlbeK,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

1921  Conway,  D.  D..  Wisconsin  Rapid*,  Wis. 

1921  Conway,  James  J.,  Ottawa,  111. 

1914  Conway,  Thomas  F.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1915  Conway,  William  J..  Wisconsin  Ra|>idB» 

Wis. 

1921  Conyers,  0.  B.,  Brunswick,  Qs. 


ALPHABETICAL  LIST  OF  lOMBERS^ 


753 


ItU  Cook,  Alfred  A.,  New  Tort^  K.  T. 

1808  Cook,  Charles  Sttmner,  Portland,  M«. 

1920  Cook,  Dayton  E.,  Chippewa  Falls,  Wla. 
180Q  Cook.  E   8.,  Clercland.  Ohio. 

1919  Cook,  Edgar  J.,  Chicago.  111. 

1914  Cook,  Blmcr  J.,  Towaon,  Md. 
19S0  Cook,  Fillmore,  Baltfinore,  Md. 

1910  Cook,  Frank  C,  Detroit,  Mich. 
19tt  Oook,  George  If.,  Flint,  Mich. 

1918  Cook.  Harry  £.,  Uke  Village.  Ark. 

1916  Cbok,  Howard  0.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1921  .Oook,  Otis,  Terre-Haute,  Ind. 

1911  Cook,  Otis  Seabury.  New  Bedford,  Maai. 

1922  Cook,  Pierre  P.,  Jeraey  City,  5.  J. 
1921  Cook,  Robert  A.  B.,  Boston,.  Maaa. 
1921  Oook,   Robert  H..  Saginaw.   Mich. 

1921  Oook,  Robert  Mangum,  Atlanta,  Oa. 
1910  Cook,  Wells  M.,  Chicago,  111. 

1920  Cook.  William,  Green  Bay,  Wis. 

1922  Oook,  William  B.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1921  Oook,  William  W.,  New  Tork>  N.  T. 

1922  Cooke,  Clay,  Fort  Worth,  Texas, 

1919  Cooke.  George  A.,  Chicago,  111. 
1918  Cboke.  Hedley  ▼.,  New  York.  N.  T. 
1918  Cooke,  Hermon  R.,  Reno.  Kev. 
19U  Cooke,  Levi,  Waahlngton,  D.  C. 

1910  Cooke.     Robert   B.,     National     Soldiera 
Home,  Maine. 

1918  Cooke.  Walter  P..  Boffalo,  N.  T. 

1919  Cookingham.  Preecott  W..  Portland,  Ore. 

1921  Oooley,  A.  E.,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 

1912  Cooley,  Charlea  M.,  Grand  Forks,  N.  D. 
1918  Cooley.  William  John.  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
1918  Coolidge,  Harold  J.,  Boston.  Mass. 
1891  Coolidire,  William  H..  Boston.  Maaa. 

1922  Coombs.  Frank  L.,  Napa.  Oal. 

1920  Coomes,  T.  8.,  Webster,  S.  D. 

1918  Coon,  Claude  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Coon,  Jesse  D..  Sioux  Falls.  S.  0. 
1921  Ooonley,  Henry  E.,  Chicago.  HI. 

1919  Cooper,  A.  R..  Pine  Bluff,  Ark. 
1921  Cooper,    A.    W.,    New   Orleans,   La. 

1915  Cooper,  Armwell  L.,  Kansas  City.  Mo. 
1921  Cooper,  Curtis  C,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1908  Cooper,  Drury  W.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1980  Cooper.  Ellis  B..  Laurel.  Miss. 

1910  Cooper.  George  P.,  Huntsville,  Ala. 
1919  Cooper.  Homer  H..  Chicago,  111. 
1914  Cooper,  Howard  M.,  Camden.  N.  J. 
1921  Cooper,   J.   T.,   Fredonia.   Kan. 

1912  Cooper,  James  A.,  Jr.,  Terre  Haute,  Tnd. 

1921  Cooper,  John  O.,  Jr.,  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

1922  Cooper,  John  W..  Los  Angeles.  CaL 
1908  Cooper,  Lawrence,  Huntsville,  Ala. 
1918  Cooper,  Paul  F..  Shawnee,  Okla. 

1917  Cooper,  R.  H.,  J^Ikerille,  Ky. 

1918  Cooper,  Ransom,  Great  Falls,  Mont 

1911  Cooper,  Samuel  W.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


1921  Oooper,  W.  8,,  Wlnteraef,  Iowa. 

1922  Cooper,  William  J.,  Westboptr  N.  0. 
1914  Copiland,  Mark  A.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1921  Oopp.  Andrew  J..  Jr.,  Los  Ang^bs^r  OaL- 

1922  Oopp,  Qyril  0.,  JacksonTille,  Fla. 
1916  Coppedge.  A.  V.,  Grove.  Okla. 

1914  Coppock.  Charlea  T.,  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 

1893  Corbet,  Borke,  San  Francisca  Cal. 

1920  Corbett,  Edward  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Obrbett.  Edward  M..  SIoox  Olty,  Iowa. 
1911  Corbett,  Joseph  J.,  BnatoB.  Uum. 

1921  Corbett,  M.  C.  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

1921  Corbin,   Arthur  L..   New  Haven,   Conn. 

1922  Corbin,  Clement  K..  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

1911  Corbin,  J.   Arthur.  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1905  Corbitt.  James  H.,  Suffolk.  Ta. 

1921  Oorboy,   William  J.,  Chicago,  IlL 

1913  Corcoran.  Declan  W.,  Boston.  Mass. 

1919  Corcoran,  Thomas  P.,  Pswtucket.  B.  t 

1920  Cordesl  Joseph  E.,  Milwaukee,  Wis: 

1921  Oordr«y,  A.  T.,  London,  Ohio. 

1914  Corey,  Fred  D.,  Buffalo.  N.  Y. 

1916  Corey.  Merton  L.,  Omaha.  Nebr. 

1922  Oorfman,  E.  E.,  Salt  Uke  City,  Utah. 
1922  Corin,  Max,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1920  Corlett,  George  M.,  Monte  VisU,  Colow 

1917  Corlis,  George  L.,  St  Louis,  Mo, 
19^  Corliss.  John  B..  Detroit.  Mich. 

1922  Oormac,  T.  E.  K.,  San  Frandsco,  CaL 

1921  Com,  Jacob  H.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1919  Comeau,  Barton,  Boston,  Maaa. 

1920  Cornelius,  Asher  L.,  Detroit.  Mich, 

1913  Cornell.  Edward.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1921  Comett,  Corbett,  Pawhuska,  Okla. 
1921  Comett,  Walter  G.,  Athens,  Ga. 

1917  Comforth,     Arthur,     Colorado    Springs. 
Colo. 

1914  Cornish.  Abram  H.,  Newark,  N.  J. 
1921  Coralsh.   Frsnk  V.,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 
1907  Coralsh,  Leslie  C,  Augusta,  Me. 

1917  Corawell.   Frederick  L.,  St   Louis,   Mo. 

1918  Oorowell,  John  J.,  Romoey,  W.  Ya. 

1920  Corrigsn,  W.  P.,  Aberdeen,  S.  D. 

1912  Corrigsn,  Walter  D.,  Milwaukee.  Wis. 

1921  Oorry,    Homer   C,    Springfield.    Ohio, 

1919  Corthell.  Morria  E..  Laramie,  Wyo. 
1895  Corthell,  Nellis  E.,  Laramie,  Wyo. 
1911  Corwin,  John  B.,  Newburgh,  N.  Y. 
1914  Corwin.  Robert  G.,  Dayton,  Ohio. 
1921  Cory,  Charles  E.,  Fort  Scott.  Kan. 
1921  Coagrave,   P.   James,   Lincoln,    Neb. 
1918  Cosgrove.  James  J..  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  CosgroTe,  T.  B.,  Los  Angeles.  OaL 
1914  Coshow.  Oliv^P..  Roseburg.  Ore. 
1917  Costello,  Dsvid  P.,  Syracuae,  N.  Y. 
1902  Costigan,  Edward  P.,  Washington.  D.  O. 
1901  Costigan,  George  P.,  Jr.,  BerkeUy.  Cal. 


764 


AMERICAN    BAE  A6S00IATI0N. 


BLBCTD 

1917  Costigan,    Ignatius    John,    WaahJngton, 

D.  O. 

1911  Cofton,  J.  T.,  OaceoIa»  Ark. 

1916  Cotbran,  Thomas  P.,  Greenville,  S.  G. 

1922  Ootillo,  BalTatore  A.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1801  Cotter,  James  E.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1914  Cotter,  Thomas  B.,  Plattsburgh.  N.  Y, 

1914  Cottetal.  John  H.,  Guthrie.  Okla. 

1918  Oottle,  Marion  Weston,  Boston.  Mass. 

1912  Oottom,  Harry  A.,  Brownsville,  Pa. 

1908  Cotton,  Joseph  B.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1918  Cotton,  Joseph  P.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1918  Couch.  Benjamin  W.,  Concord,  N.  H. 
1921  Oouch,  John  F.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1902  Coudert.  Frederic  R.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1921  Coufal,  Edward  A.,  David  City,  Neb. 
1914  Coulomb.  U.  R..  Atlantic  City,  N.  J. 

1922  Ooulombe,  Ovide  J..  Berlin.  N.  H: 

1920  Coulson,  Charles  L.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1921  Ooulson,  Robert  E.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1916  Coulson,  Walter,  Lawrence,  Mass. 

1920  Coulter,  Clark  C.  Detroit,  Mich. 

1918  Countryman,  Robert  H.,  San  Francisco. 
Cal. 

1917  Counts,  A.  Frank.  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
1911  Courtney,  Henry  A.,  Duluth,  Minn. 

1921  Courtney,  Wirt,  Franklin,  Tenn. 

1922  OcAirtwrigrht,  P.  L.,  Independence.  Kans. 

1909  Couse,  Howard  A.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1918  Covington,     Geo.    Bishop,     New     York, 

N.  Y. 

1914  Covington.  J.  Harry,  Washington,  D.  C. 

1921  Cowan,  Austin  M.,   Wichita,  Kan. 

1921  Cowan,  Leonard  L.,  Chicago,  111. 

1922  Cowart,  Samuel  Craig.  Freehold.  N.   J. 
1921  Cowden,  Frederic  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Cowden,    William    K.,    Huntington.    W. 

Va. 

1922  Oowell,  Thaddeus  O.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Oowern,  Joseph  F.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

1922  Gowgill,  C.  0.,  Sonoma.  Cal. 

1919  Cowles,  Clarence  P.,  Burlington,  Vt. 
1922  Cowles,  Lamonte,  Burlington,  Iowa. 
1918  Cowpcr,  George  V.,  Kinston,   N.  C. 

1918  Cox,  Allen,  Baldwyn,  Miss. 
1908  Cox,  Arthur  M.,  Chicago.  111. 
1906  Cox,  Attilla.  Jr.,  I^uisvi]1.^  Ky. 
1914  Cox.  Charles  K.,  Indianapolis.  Ind. 

1919  Oox,  E.  Eugene,  Camilla.  Ga. 
1921  Cox,    Earl    R.,    Indianapolis.    Ind. 
1908  Cox,  Eugene  A.,  Lewiston.  Irinho. 
1921  Oox,  George  W.,   Wichita,   Kan. 
1911  Cox.  Guy  W.,  Boston.  Mass. 

1921  Oox,  Harry  W.,  Lyons  Falls.  N.  Y. 

1921  Oox,  James  J..  Pho^ix,  Aria. 

1921  Oox,  L.  J.,  Phoenif,  Aria. 

1917  Cox,  Oliver  C,  Greensboro,  N.  C. 

1918  Cox,  Robert  Lynn,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


BLKCTED 

1921  Oox.   Rofls,  Hollis,  Okla. 

1918  Ooz,  Stephen  J..  New  York,   N.   Y. 

1920  Ooz,  Thad  A.,  Johnson  City,  Tenn. 

1920  Cox,   Thomas  H..    New   Haven,   Conn. 

1921  Oox,  Thomas  M.,  Beeville,  Texas. 
1911  Cox,   William  J..    Madiaonville.   Ky. ' 

1920  Cox,  Williston  M.,  Knoxville,  Tenn. 

1921  Cox,  Wright,  Gate  City,  Va. 
1914  Coxe,  Alfred  C.  Hartford,  Conn. 
1903  Coxe,  Macgrane,  New  York,  N.   Y. 

1917  Coxe,  Whitwell   W.,  Roanoke.  Va. 

1922  Coy,  Sam  P.,  Fresno,  Cal. 
1922  Ooyle.  Frank,  Louisville,  Ry. 
1921  Ooyle,  James  F.,  Pittsburgh,  Penn. 

1921  Ooyle,  John  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Coyne,     Bartholomew    B..     New    York, 

N.  Y. 

1922  Coyne,  Eugene  F.,  La  Moure.  N.  D. 
1922  Coyne,  Leonard  S.,  Lansing,  Midi. 

1921  Crabbe,  John  Hammond,  San  Francisco, 

Cal. 

1917  Crabtree,    Ike   W.,    Memphis,    Tenn. 

1922  Crafts,  H.  K..  Chicago,  111. 
1922  Craig.   Albert  G.,  Denver,  Oolo. 
1921  Craig,   Bryan   Y.,  Chicago.   IlL 

1916  Craig.   Charles   C.   Galesburg.   111. 

1919  Craig.    Charles   H.,    Wallace,   Idaho. 

1921  Craig,  E.  R.,  Wintcrhaven.  Fla. 
1914  Craig,  Edward  L.,  Columbia.  S.  C. 

1922  Oraig^  Elliot,   Los  Angeles,  Oal. 

1920  Craig,  Elmund  L.,  Evansville,  Ind. 
1914  Craig,  G.  Ray,  Norwalk,  Ohio. 
1908  Craig,  Gavin  W.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

1917  Craig,   Hugh  H..    Riverside,  Cal. 
1896  Craig.  John  E.,   Keokuk,   Iowa. 

1916  Craig,  John  W.,   Greensburg,   Ind. 
1911  Craig,  William  T.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

1918  Craige,   Burton,    Winston-Salem,    N.    C. 
1914  Craighead.  Charles  A.,  Dayton,  Ohio. 
1911  Crain,  Robert,  Washington,  D.  0. 

1922  Crain,  Thomas  0.  T.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1917  Cram.  Harry  L.,  Portland,  Me. 
1006  Cram,  Henry  C,  Providence,  R.  I. 

1917  Cram,    J.    Sergeant,   New  York,    N.    Y. 

1914  Cramer,  Nelson  B.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1916  Cramer.  Wilson.  Jackaon,  Mo. 

1919  Crampton,   Edwin   Cook,   Raton,   N.   M. 
1922  Orandall,  0.  M.,  Vale,  Ore. 

1921  Crandall,  Ralph  G.,  Chicago,  111. 
1907  Crane,  Alexander  B.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1922  Crane,  Alexander  M..  New  York,  N.   Y. 
1922  Crane.  Arthur  Bathurst,  San  Frandaco, 

Cal. 

1917  Crane.  Edward,  Dallas,  Texaa. 

1905  Crane,  Frederick  E..  Albany,  N.  Y. 

19C6  Crane.  Jay  W..  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

1918  Crane.  Judson  A..  'Pittsburgh,  Pa, 
1914  Crane,  M.  M..  Dallas,  Texaa. 


ALPHABBTICAL  LIST  OF  MBMBEBS. 


766 


ins  Onoe,  ThomM  D.,  Omaha,  Nebr. 

1022  Onncj,  H.  H.,  lUnhalltown,  Iowa. 

1921  Grapple,  Ouy  Crapallo,  Chicago,  111. 

mt  Graaaweller,  Frank,  Dulntfa,  Mian. 

1907  Cravath,  Paul  D.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Graven,  Alfred  W.,  Chicago,  111. 

1921  Grawfls,   Orland   R.,   Columbus,  Ohio. 

1900  Crawford,  Ooe  I.,  Buron,  8.  D. 

1921  Crawford,  Don  A.,  DeSroet,  S.  D. 

1914  Crawford,  Frank  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1914  Crawford,   Harry  J.,  Cleveland.  Ohio. 

1915  Crawford,  John  J.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1914  Crawford,  John  T.  Q.,  Jacksonville.  Fla. 

1921  Crawford,  Leonard  J..  Newport,  Ky. 

1920  Crawford,  Milo  H.,  Detroit.  Mich. 

1922  Crawford,  T.  H.,  La  Qrande,  Ore. 

1911  Crawford,    WilUam   W.,   Louisville.    Ky. 
1922  Crawford,  Winfleld  W.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

1918  Creed,   W.  E.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1921  Greedon,  Alex  W.,  Hartford,  Conn. 

1915  Creekmore,  H.  H.,  Water  Valley.  Mi^. 
1921  Creekmur,  John  W.,  Chicago,  111. 
1921  Crenshaw,  H.  F.,  Montgomery,   .\lu. 
1921  Crenshaw,  Loren  O.,  Los  Angeles,'  Cul. 
1921  Cress  P.  W.,  Perry,  Okla. 

1912  Creasy,  Morton  8.,  Chicago,  111. 

1910  Creasy,  Warren  F.,  Stamford,  Conn. 

1921  Creswell,   William  H.,  Sheldon,  Iowa. 

1922  Crewdaon,  S.  R..  Russlevillp,  Ky. 
1912  Crews,    Ralph,    New   York,    N.    Y. 
1914  Crews.  Thomas  B..  .St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1920  Crichlow,    v.    B.    Shelby.    Bradentuwn. 

Fla. 

1921  Crick.  Stephen.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1920  Crider.  Joe,  Jr..  Los  Angeles.  Cal. 

1922  Cridlio,  George  B.,  Jonesville.  Va. 
1922  Orippen,  H.  C.  Billings,  Mont. 

1919  Cristy.    Albert   M.,    Honolulu.    MdWHii. 
1922  Critcher,   Alan  H.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
1922  Critchlow,   George   A.,  Salt  Lake  City, 

UUh. 

1914  Critee,   Edwin  D..  Chadron.   Nebr. 

1921  Crites.     Maurice    E..     Indiana     Harbor, 

Ind. 

1922  Crittenden.  Bradford  C.  Tracy,  Cal. 
1922  Crittenden,  James  L,  Modesto,  Gal. 

1921  Crittenden.   William  C,  San  Franciaco, 

Gal. 

1919  Ckt>baugh,   S.   Chester.   Cleveland,   Ohio. 

1922  Crocker,   Charles   H.,   Sacramento.   Cal. 
1922  Crocker,  Frank  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Crocker,  Frank  L.,  Portsmouth,   Va. 
1906  Crocker,  William  D.,  Williamaport.  Pa. 

1919  Crockett,  George  P.,  Bluefleld.  W.  Va. 

1911  Crofoot,  Lodowick  F.,  Omaha,  Nebr. 
1914  Crogan.  P.  J.,  Kingwood,  W.  Va. 
1922  Gkollard,  Fred  M.,  Wenatchee,  Wash. 
1914  Gkomer,  George  B.,  Newberry.  &  C. 


1921  Cromwell,    William    Nevarrc,    CUeico, 

ni. 

1910  Cronan,  John  F.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1919  Crone,  Fred  Henshaw,  Haigler,  Nebr. 

1918  Cronin,  Charles  L,  PhiUdelphU,  Pa. 

1922  Cronin,  John  R.,  Stockton,  OaL 

1919  Crook.  Douglas,  Springfield.  Mass. 

1911  Crook,  W.  M.,  Beaumont,  Texas. 
1921  Groom,  G.  W.,  El  Paao,  Texas. 

1913  Ckopsey,  Jamea  C,  Brooklyn.  N.  Y. 

1916  Crosby,  A.  Morris,  Brookline,  Mass. 

1920  Croaby,  Emery  W.,  Neillsville,  Wis. 

1921  Crosby,  Floridus  Stott.  Staunton,   Va. 
1921  Croaby.   Oorham,   New  York,    N.   Y. 
1918  Crosby,   Hartey  N.,   Falconer,   N.  Y. 
1911  Crosby.  J.  Porter,  Boston.  Maaa. 
1904  Crosby,   John  C,   Pittsfl-ld,   Msss. 

1921  Crosby,  Peter  J.,  Oskland,  Cal. 

1918  Crosby.  Samuel  H.,  Port  Arthur,  Texaa. 

1906  Crosby,  Wilaon  Q..   Duluth.   Minn. 

1907  Crosley,  Ferdinand  S.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1917 'Cross.  Cleaveland  R.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
1915  Crosa,  J.  E.,  Newton,  Iowa. 

1914  Cross.    John    Emory,    Baltimore,    Md. 

1920  Crot«.  Jolm  G.,  Detroit.  Mich. 

1922  Cross,  Joseph  M.,  Modesto,  OaL 

1921  CrosM.  n.  H.,  San  Franciaco.  Oil. 
1914  Cross.  T.  .lonea.  Baton  Rouge,  La. 

1911  Cross.  William  Irvine,  Baltimore.  Md. 
1921  Croasan,  Tom  O.,  Zanesville.  Ohio. 

1921  Crossfleld,  Amasa  Scott.  Manila.  P.  I. 
1913  Crossley,    Frederic   B..   Chicsgo.    III. 

1922  Crothers,    George    Edward,    San    Fran- 

cisco. Cal. 

1922  Crothers,  R.   A..  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1922  Crothers,    Thomas    G..    Ssn    Francisou, 

Cal. 

1922  Crouch.  Charles  C.  San  Die«o.  CaL 

1913  Crouch,  I^rkin  R..   Nashvillo.  Tenn. 
1890  Crovatt,   A.  J.,   Brunswick,  Ga. 

1920  Crovatt.  Alfred  Hayne.  Brunswick.  Ga. 
191.S  Crow,    Benjamin  S.,   Salt  Lake  City. 

Utah. 

1912  Crow.  George  A..   East  St.*  Louis.  III. 

1918  Crow,    Howard    )f.,    Cleveland,    Ohio. 

1921  Crow,  J.  B.,  Ruston,   La. 

1921  Crow.  William  R..  Chicago.  IIL 

1911  Crowder,  Enoch  H.,  Washington,  D.  C 

1917  Crowell,   J.    Lee.   Concord,    N.   C. 

1914  Crowell.  Robert  H.,  Cleveland.  Ohio. 

1922  Growl.   B.   A..   Tacoma,   Waah. 

1907  Crowley.     Edward    Chase,     New    York. 

N.  Y. 

1914  Crowley.   Jere  J..   Philsdelphia.   Pa. 

1919  Crowley,  John  E.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1921  Crowley.  Louis  V..  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1919  Cruce,  M.   K..  Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 

1921  Cruce,  W.   E..   Ardraore,  Okla. 


756 


AHERIOAN  BAB  AS800IATI0H. 


1921  Ohice,  W.  I.,  Ardmore,  OkU. 

1922  Cniikahank,  Lewis,  Los  Angeles,  OtI. 

1906  Cnim.  B.  P.,  Montgomery,  Ala. 

1912  Crum,  D.  A.   R.,  Cordele.  Ga. 

1911  Crump,  Beverly  T..  Richmond.  Va. 
1922  Orump,  Quj  Ridiards,  Los  Angeles,  OaL 

1920  Crump,  William  W..  Richmond,  Va. 

1910  Cnim  packer,  Fred.  C,  Hammond,  Ind. 

1921  Crumrine,  J.  Boyd,  Washington,  Pens. 

1913  Cnise,  George  E.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1913  Crutcher,  Albert,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

1922  Ouchl,    GajetLUO    Goll    7.,    Saa    Juan, 

P.  R. 

1922  Cudahy,  E.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1918  Cukor,   Morris,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1920  Culbertaon,  C.  B..  Stanley,  Wis. 

1914  Culbertaon,  Horace  J.,  Lewistown.  Pa. 
1922  Cull,  James  O.,  Yakima,  Wash. 

1920  Cullen,  James  H.,  Detroit,  Ulch. 

1912  Cullen,  P.  H.,  St.  Louis,  Ifo. 

1921  Cullinan,   Eustace,   San   Francisco,   OaL 

1922  CuUison,  Shelby,  Harlan,  Iowa. 
1921  Cullom,  Neil  P.,  New  York.  N.  Y, 

1919  Gulp.  Lynn  W..  Coeur  d'Alene,  Idaho. 

1907  Culver.  Frederic.  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1891  Culver,  If.  Eugene,'  Middletown.  Conn. 

1912  Culver,'  Morton  T.,  Chicago.  111. 

1918  Culver.  Richard  J.  O.,  Los  Angeles,  Cat 

1911  Gumming.  E.  D..  Deposit,  N.  Y. 
1914  Cummings,  Csmpbell,  St.  Louis,   Mo. 
1911  Cummings.  Charles  R..  Fall  River.  Mass. 
1018  Cummings,  George  B.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1909  Cummings,   Homer  S..  Sismford,  Conn. 

1921  Oummings.   John  H.,   Chicago,   111. 

1919  Cummfngs.  .John  W..   Fall   River,   Msss. 

1922  Cummings,   Penn,   Fresno,   Gal. 

1886  Cummins.  Albert  B..  (Des  Moines.  la.), 

Washington,  D.  C. 

1918  Cummins,  Alva  M.,  Lansing,  Mich. 

1921  Cummins.  Joseph,  Chicago,  111. 

1922  Cunha,  Edward  A.,  San  Francisco,  Osl. 

1918  Cunnea,  William  A.,  Chicago,   III. 

1917  Cunningham,    Benjamin    B.,    Rochester, 

N.  Y.  , 

1911  Cunningham,    C.    A.,    Blytheville,    Ark. 

1920  Ounningham,  D.  L.,  Globe.  Ariz. 

1891  Cunningham,   Frederic,    Boston,   Mass. 

1919  Cunningham,  G.  S.,  Phoenix,  Ariz. 
1914  Cunningham.  J.  E.  B..   Harrisburg,  Pa. 

1916  Cunningham.  L.,  Bolivar,  Mo. 

1913  Cunningham,   M.   O..   Omaha,    Nebr. 

1914  Cunningham,  Martin  J..  Danbury.  Conn. 

1918  Cunningham,  Robert  H..  Pateraon,  N.  J. 
1808  Cunningham.  T.  M.,  Jr.,  Savannah,  Ga. 

1921  Cunningham,    Warren    W.,    New    York, 

N.  Y. 

1921  Curd,  Thomas  H.  8..  Welch,  W.  Va. 

1917  Cureton,  C.  M.,  Austin,  Texas. 


1917  Cureton,  H.  J.,  Heridiaa,  Tens. 

1921  Ourl,  Joseph  R.,  Wheeling.  W.  Va. 
1914  Curlee.  Francis  M.,  St.  Lott&,  Mo. 

1922  Cbrler,   B.    F.,   Reno,   Ner. 

1914  Curley,    Charles   P.,    Wilmington,    Del. 

1914  Curley,  Fr::nk  E.,  1^lcsoD,  Ariaona. 

1914  Curran,   A.  J.,   Pittsburg,   Kans. 

1916  Curran,  John  F.,  Enid,  Okla. 
1922  Curran,  John  F.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1922  Curran,  John  U.,  Santa  Baibara,  O^L 
1911  Curran,  John  P.,  Pittsburgh,  Ranass. 
1922  Cuiren,    Hector    MeOowan,     Brooklyv, 

N.  T. 

1922  Curren,  Lee  J.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1917  Cunen,  Robert  G.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
1914  Currie,  Dwlght  D.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1922  Currie,  Boy  H.,  St.  Paul,  IfimL 
1916  Currier.  Albert  Dean,  Chicago,  lU. 

1918  Currier,  Richard  D.,  Newark,  N.  J. 
1921  Gurry,    Charles,   Staunton,   Va. 

1920  Curry,  Duncan,  Staunton,  Va. 

1921  Ouiry,  Grant,  Pittsburgh.  Penn. 
1918,Curtia,  Charles  (Topeka,  Kans.),  Waah- 

ington,  D.  O. 

1922  Curtis,   Charles  P.,  Jr.,  Boston,   Mass. 

1921  Curtis,  Edward  Gllon,  St  Louis.  Mo. 

1911  Curtis,  Frsnk  C,  Troy,  N.  Y. 
1920  Curtis,   H.   Knox,   Clereland,  Ohio. 
1806  Curtis,  Harry  a.   Providence,   R.   L 
1920  Curtis,  Hsrry  K..  Highlsnd  Park.  Mich. 

1922  Curtis,  J.  W.,*  San  Bernardino,  OaL 

1920  Curtis,    Leonard    E.,    Colorado   Springa. 

Colo. 

1921  Curtis,  Leonard  J.,  Tucson,  Aria. 
1907  Curtis.  W.  J.,   New  York.   N.  Y. 

1922  Curtis.  Walter  O.,  lAritxm,  N.  D. 
1907  Curtis,  Willism  E.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1918  Gushing.  C.  8.,  Ssn  Francisco,  Cat,      ' 
1922  Gushing,  George  M.,  Boston,  Maaai 
1013  CushiniT,  Grafton  D.,  Boston.  Msss. 

1907  Gushing,  Harry  Alonao,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1918  Gushing,   G.   K.,   Ssn  Francisoo,   OaL 
1921  Gushing.    Wsde,    Cincinnati,    Ohio. 

1912  Cushman,   A.   V.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

1908  Cushman,  Edward  B.,  Tacoma,  WaA. 
1019  Cushman.  Henry  O.,  Boston.  MaaSb 

1919  Cushmsn,  Robert,  Boston.  Umm. 
1018  Cushner.  Meyer  B.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1921  Gushwa,  George  F.,  Baltimore,  Md. 
1021  Gusick,  J.   Fay,  Paris,  HL 

1912  Gusick.  John  F.,  Bwton,  Mass. 

1018  Custer.  George  A.,  Loganspsrt,  tni. 

1919  Custer,  W.  V.,  Bpii^ridge,  Ga. 

1920  Cutchins,   John   A..    Richmond.   Ts. 
1918  Cuthbert,  Frederic  T.,  Duluth,  Mian. 

1922  Cuthell,  Chester  W.,  Ntw  Tsric.  H.  T. 
1920  Cutler,  A.  8.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Oitler,  Fletdksr  A.,  Bureka,  OUL 


ALPHABBtlCAL  LIST  OF  IfBMBSBS. 


n7 


1019  Cutler,  George  C,  Jr.,  Boston, 

1021  CutUp,  O.  Guy,   Wewoka,  Okla. 

1912  Cutter,  John  W.,  Clarkadale,  Miai. 

1016  eutten,  C.  P..  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1906  Cnttlnff,  Charles  S.,  Chicago,  IlL 

192»  Outtinc,    Victor    Wfllard.    New    Tork, 

N.  T. 

191S  Cuvillier,  Louis  A.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1S96  Cuyler,  Thos.  DeWitt,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1921  Qypert,   A.  B.,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

1921  O^kl,  Frederick  II..  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Oahney,  L.  M.,  Dallas,  Tex. 

1921  DaOosta,  Oharlet  F.,  Philadelphia,  Penn. 

1921  Daehler,  Edward  J..  Portsmouth,  Ohio. 

1922  Daggett,  O.  E.,  ICarianna,  Ark. 

1920  Daggett,  J.  B.,  Ifarianna.  Ark. 

1915  Daggett,  Leonard  M.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

1918  Dagnall,  A.  H..  Anderson.  S.  C. 

1919  Dahlberg,   Q.   A.,   Chicago,   HI. 

1921  Dahlin,  O.  Edward,  Chicago,  111. 

1914  Dahlinger,  Charfft  W.,   Pittsburgh.  Pa. 

1912  Dahlman,  Louis  A..  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

1921  Dailey,  John,  Peoria.  HI. 

1918  Daily,  Harry  P.,  Fort  Smith,  Ark. 

1920  Daily,  Thomas  A..  Indianapolis.  Ind. 
1918  Daix,  Augustus  F..  Jr.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

1921  Dale,  Ben  B.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1904  Dale,  Horatio  F.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 
1918  Dale.  W.  Pratt,  Louisrille.  Ry. 

1916  Daley,  Daniel  J.,  Berlin,  N.  H. 

1918  Dall.  Cornelius  O.,  San  Francisco.  C^l. 

1918  Dallinger,    Frederick    W.,    Washington, 

D.  a 

1918  Dalton,  Ctarter,  High  Point,  N.  0. 

1916  Dalton,  O.  C,  Salem,  Mo. 

1920  Daltoai,  Robert  M..  Detroit.  Mich. 
1914  Dalton,  Wm.  Reid,  Reidsville,  N.  C. 

1921  Daly,  Bernard  J.,  New  Orleans.  La. 

1921  Daly,  Edward  Q.,  Boston,  MaM. 

1907  Daly,    Edward    Hamilton,    New    York, 

N.  Y. 

1920  Daly,  Edward  J.,  Hartford,  Conn. 

1922  Daly,  Eugene  V.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1918  Daly,  James  Martin,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 
1912  Daly.  Peter  F.,   New  Brunswick,   N.  J. 

,  1914  Dalcell,  John,  Washington,  D.  C. 

1914  Dalzell.  William  S.,   Pittsburgh.   Pa. 

1922  Dalziel,  Arthur  Y.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

19S0  Dame.  James  R.,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

1921  Dammann,  J.  F.,  Jr..  Chicago.  111. 
1921  Dammonn,  liUlton.  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1916  Damron,  James.  Williamson,  W.  Va. 
1921  Dana,  Charles  Bates.   New  York.  N.  Y. 
1916  Dana,  J.  W.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

1916  Dana,  John  F.,  Portland,  Me. 

1918  Dana,  Richard  F.,  New  Castle,  Pa. 

1921  Danaher,  Cornelius  J.,  Meriden.  Conn. 

1909  Danaher,  Michael  B.,  Ludington,  Mich. 


1920  Danaher,  Palmer,  Pine  Bluff,  Ark. 

1912  D*Ancona,  Edward  N.,  Chicago.  IlL 
1021  Dancy,  Oscar  C,  Brownsville,  Tezaa. 

1921  Dane,  Walter  A..  Boston,  Ma8& 
1911  Daney,  Eugene,   San  Diego,   Cal. 

1012  Danforth.  George  J.,  Sioux  Falls,  B.  D. 
1920  Danhof,  John  J.,  Jr.,  Detroit,  liicb. 
1920  Daniel,  A.  O.,  Piedmont,  Mo. 

1920  Daniel,  Charles  L.,  Coming,  Ark. 

1916  Daniel,   Claudius  Erskine,   Spartanlmrg, 

S.  C. 

1917  Daniel,  E.  A.,  Jr.,  Washington,  N.  0. 
1916  Daniel.  J.  B..  Piedmont.  Mo. 

1922  Daniel,  James  N.,  Chipley,  Fla. 

1010  Daniel,  Lee.  Tulsa.  OkU. 

1021  Daniel,  Richard  P.,  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

1017  Daniel,  Walter  E.,  Weldon,  N.  C. 

1018  Daniels.  Earle  M.,  Los  Angeles.  Cal. 

1017  Daniels,    F.   A.,   Goldsboro.    N.   C. 
1021  Daniels,   Robert  W.,  Chicago,   111. 
}021  Dankowski.  I.  F.,  Chicago,  111. 
1021  Dannals,    Pier,    Pittsburgh.    Penn. 

1013  Dannehower.  William  F.,  Norristow^..  Pa. 

1021  Dannel,   S.    P.,   Loudon,   Tenn. 

1014  Dannenbaum,  Henry  J..  Hbuston,  Texas. 

1022  Dannenberg,  Joseph,  New  York,   N.   Y. 

1011  Danson.  R.  J..  Spokane.  Wash. 

1011  Danziger.  Alfred  David.  New  Orleans,  La. 

1018  Daoust.  Edward  C,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
1010  Darby,  Phelps  F.,  Evansville,   Ind. 
1017  Darby.  Samuel  E..  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1022  Darby,  Thomas  H.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1010  D»Arcy.   Edward.  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1017  Dargan.  George  E..  Darlington,  S.  C. 

1021  Dargan.    Woods.    Darlin((ton,    S.    0. 

1022  Darley,  Reginald  C,  Chicago,  HL 

1011  Darling.  Charles  K.,  Boston,   Maas. 

1021  Darling.  Charles  W.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
lOSl  Darling.  Charlotte  KeUe^.  Kew  Gardens, 

L.  I.,  N.  Y. 

1914  Darling.  Thomas.  Wilkes-Barre.  Pa. 

1022  Darlington.  Barton.  Los  Angelea,  CaL 

1021  Darlington,  Charles  L.,  Xenia,  Ohio. 

1913  Darlinaiton,  Geortre  E..   Media.   Pa. 

1022  Darnell,  George  R.,  Tucson,  Aria. 
1022  Darnell,  Wm.  S..  Camden.  N.  J. 

1021  Darr,  Charles  W.,   Washington.  D.  O. 

1022  Darr.  Earl  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y.    ' 
1022  Darr,   William  T.,   Brookville,   Pa. 

1013  Darragh.   Robert  W..  Beaver.   Pa. 

1014  Darroch.  William.  Kentland,  Ind. 

1021  Darrow,  Charles  W.,  Glen  wood  Springs. 

Col. 

1012  Darrow.  Frederick  E.  W.,  Saugertiea. 

N.  Y. 

1022  Dart,   Benjamin  W.,   New  Orleana,   La. 
1888  Dart,  Henry  P..  New  Orleana.  La. 

1010  Dart,  Henry  P.,  Jr.,  New  Orleans,  La. 


758 


AKEBICAN   HAS  ASSOCIATION. 


BLICTBD 

1922  Dwt,  John,  New  Orleaiis,  La. 

1821  Dart»  Raymond  H.,  Litchfield,  Minn. 

1021  Daafaew,  Leon,  New  York.  N.  T. 

1914  Danler.  C.  P.  W.,  Leavenworth.   Kans. 

1922  Dasteel,  J.  Hart,  San  Jose,  Gal. 

1921  Daugherty,  Harry  M.,  Washington,  D.  0. 

1922  Daugherty,   Normal  R.,  Pittsburgh,   Pa. 
1922  D'Aotremont,  Hubert  H.,  Duluth,  Minn. 

1919  Davenport,  C.  J.,  Sapulpa,  Okla. 

1911  Davenport,  Charles  M.,  Boston,  Maas. 
1909  Davenport,  Daniel,  Bridgeport,  Conn. 
1921  Davenport,  Holton,  Sioux  Falls,  S.  D. 
1904  Davenport,  James  S..  Vinita,  Okla. 

1921  Davenport,  Jesse,  Woodbury,  Tenn. 

1922  Davenport,  Kenneth  H.,  Creston,  Iowa. 

1918  Davenport,  Leroy  B.,  Cleveland.  Ohio. 

1920  Davenport.  William  A.,  Greenfield.  Maas. 
1909  Davey,  John  C,  New  Orleans,  La. 

1920  David.  Abe  J.,  Elizabeth,  N.  J. 

1906  David,  Joseph  B.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1919  David.  Sigmund  W.,  Chicago.  HI. 

1920  Davidow,  Lazarus  S.,  Detnoit,  Mich. 

1918  Davidson,  B.  R.,  Fayetteville.  Ark. 

1920  Davidson,    Franklin   O.,   Crawfordsville. 

Ind, 

1921  Davidson,    George    E.|    East    Liverpool, 

Ohio. 

1921  Davidson,  John  L.,  Chicago.  HI. 

1922  Davidson,  Martin  M.,  Chicago,  HI. 
1921  Davidson,  Maurice  P.,  New  York,  N.  7. 

1912  Davidson,  Robert  F..   Indianapolis,   Ind. 
1906  Davidson,  Samuel  P.,  Tecumseh.  Nebr. 

1914  Davidson,  Thomas  E.,  Greensburg,  Ind. 
1921  Davies,  L  0.,  Bismarck,  N.  D. 

1917  Davies,  James  B.,  Shanghai,  China. 

1915  Davies.  John  B..  Twin  Falls,  Idsho. 
1912  Davies,  Joseph  E.,  Washington.  D.  C. 
1921  Davies,   Samuel  8.,   Cincinnati,   Ohio. 

1917  Davies.  William  H..  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
1914  Davlla,  Felix  Cordova,  Washington, 

D.  C. 

1919  Davila,  Jose  Martinez.  San  Juan.  P.   R. 

1921  Davis,  Abel,  Chicago,  III. 

1918  Davis,  Abrsham  M.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1908  Davis,  Albert  G.,  SchnecUdy.  N.  Y. 

1922  Davis,  Alex,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1919  Dsvis,  Allan,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

1921  Davis,  Arnold  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Davis,  Arthur  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1919  Davis,   Arthur  W..   Spokane.   Wash. 
1922  Davis,  Aymer  D.,  Eldora.  Iowa. 
1921  Davis.  B.  F.,  Wewoka,  Okla. 

1917  Davis.  Benjamin  F.,  Lancaster,  Pa. 

1921  Davis,  Beverly  A.,  Rockymount,  Va. 
1908  Davis,  Erode  B.,  Chicago,   III. 

1922  Davis,  C  W..  Le  Moure.  N.  D. 
'2917  Davis.  Cary  N.,  Huntington,  W.  Va. 

1918  Davis.  Charles  A..  Burke,  S.  D. 

1920  Davis.  Charles  B.,  St  Louis,  Mo. 


1908 

Davis, 

1920 

Davia, 

1918 

Davis, 

1921 

Davis, 

1020 

Davis, 

1921 

Davis, 

1918 

Davis, 

1906 

Davis, 

1921 

Davis, 

1919 

Davis. 

1918 

Davia, 

1920 

Davis, 

1911 

Davis, 

1911 

Davis, 

1918 

Davis, 

1901 

Davis, 

1896 

Davis, 

1913 

Davis, 

19U 

Dsvta, 

1918 

Davis, 

1914 

Davis. 

1916 

Davis, 

1922 

Davis, 

1896 

Davis, 

1917 

Davis, 

1921 

Davis, 

1922 

Davis, 

1921 

Davis, 

1912 

Davis, 

1918 

Davis, 

1917 

Davis, 

1921 

Davia, 

1916 

Davis, 

1916 

Davis, 

1918 

Davis, 

1913 

Davis, 

1921 

Davis, 

1918 

Davis. 

1918 

Davis. 

1022 

Davia, 

1917 

Davis, 

1914 

Davis, 

1918 

Davis, 

1912 

Davis, 

1911 

Davia, 

1918 

Davis, 

N. 

1895 

Davis, 

1921 

Davis, 

1922 

Davis, 

1914 

Davia, 

1906 

Davis, 

1918 

Davis, 

1899 

Dsvis, 

1920 

Davis, 

1912 

Davis, 

1902 

Dsvis, 

1918 

Davis, 

CXiarlea  H.,  Petenri>urg,  Va. 
Charles  8.,  Honolulu,  Hawaii. 
Charles  Thornton,  Boston, 
Clarence  A.,  Lincoln,  N^. 
Clarence  M.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
Clarence  M.,  Ord,  Neb.  , 
Claude  A.,  Ord,  Nebr. 

D.  C.  T.,  Jr.,  Charleston,  W.  Va. 

E.  W.,  Orlando,  Fla. 
Frank  J.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
George  N.,  Wilmington,  Del. 
George  W.,  Saginaw,  Mick 
Harold  8.,  Boston,  Mass. 
Harrison  M.,  Bocton,  Mass. 
Harry  A.,  Denver,  OoL 
Harry  C,  Denver,  Colo. 
Henry  E.,  Washington,  D.  GL 
Henry  B.,  Florence,  S.  C. 
Horace  W.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
Hoy  D.,  Gary,  Ind. 

Hugh  W^Norfolk,  Va. 
J.  Warrel;  Trenton,  N.  J. 
Jamea  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Jamca  0.,  Washington,  D.  0. 
James  Mercer,  Mount  Holly.  N.  J. 
John  a.  Battle  Greek,   Mich. 
John  F.,  San  Frandaoo,  CaL 
John  M.,  Wartburg,  Tenn. 
John  W.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
John  W.,  OreenAurg,  Kana. 
Joseph  T.,  St  Louia.  Mo. 
L.  Orary,  Pomeroy,  Ohio. 
Lawrence  B.,  Indianapolis.  Ind. 
Lecompte,  Los  Angeles.  Cal. 
M.  M.,  Reynoldsville,  Pa. 
Manton,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
Miller,  Terre-Haute,  Ind. 
Paul  G.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
Robert  O..  Providence.  R.  L 
Robert  M.,  Tocson,  Aria. 
Robert  W.,  Southport,  N.  C. 
Ssmuel.  Marahsll.  Mo. 
Samuel.  Boston,  Maas. 
Samuel  Allan,  Danbury,  Conn. 
Staige,  Charleston,  W.  Vs. 
Stephen  B..  Jr.,  East  Lss  Tegaa.* 
M. 

Sydney  B.,  Terre  Hante,  Ind. 
T.  J.,  Butte,  Mont. 
T.  W.,  Blytheville,  Ark. 
Thomas  A.,  Orange,  N.  J. 
Thomas  W.,  Wilmington,  N.  O. 
Tom,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Vernon  M.,  New  York.  N.  f. 
W.  Jefferson,  San  Diego,  CaL 
Walter  M.,  Iowa  City,  Iowa. 
Walter  W.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
William  A.,  Philadelphia,  Fi. 


ATiPKABBTIOAL  LIST  OF  KHMBEB8. 


759 


1917 

im 


ms 

1918 
1909 
1914 
1922 
1911 
1922 
1918 
1922 
1914 
1918 
1897 
1916 
1921 
1901 
1918 
1916 
1914 
1918 
1897 
1916 
1906 
1918 
1916 
1920 
1920 
1922 
1914 
1921 
1921 
1918 
1914 
1920 
1921 
1918 
1902 

1918 

un 

1921 
1919 


1922 
1919 


1912 
1906 

1017 
1916 


1914 
Iflll 


DaYli,  WflUaiB  O.,  Jaaper,  Alt. 

Davla,  WlUian  a,  New  York,  N.  T. 

DftTia,  William  H.,  Los  Aocelei,  OtL 

Davis,  WUliam  O..  VemUlei,  K7. 

DsTia,  Wm.  Potter,  Jr.,  Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

Davis,  Wm.  Ralph,  New  York,  N.  T. 

Davis.  William  T.,  Pineville,  Kj. 

Davison,    Alfred  T.,   New  York,   N.   Y. 

Davison,  O.  W.,  San  Jose,  Oal. 

Davison.  Clarence  S.,  Tarrytown.  N.  Y. 

Davison,  George  Mark,  Vancouver,  Wash. 

Davison,  Thomas  L.,  Ripon,  Wis. 

Davison,  Walter  O..  Riveraide.  CaL 

Davisson.  Oscar  P.,  Dayton,  Ohio. 

Dawea,  Hamilton  M.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Dawkins,  Walter  I.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Dawley,  F.  P..  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa. 

Dawaon,  Charles  L,  Frankfort,  Ky. 

Dawson,  Clyde  C,  Denver,  Colo. 

Dawson,  John  t3.,  Kinston,  N.  0. 

Dawson,  J.  M.,  Kahoka,  Mo. 

Dawaon,  John  S.,  Topeka,  Kans. 

Dawson.  Miles  M.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Dawaon,  William  H.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Day,  David  S..  Bridgeport,  Conn. 

Day,  E.  C.  Helena,  Mont 

Day.  Edward  M.,  Hartford,  Conn. 

Day,  George  W.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Day,  H.  Frederick,   New  Haven,   Conn. 

Day,  Jean  P.,  Oklahoma  City.  Okla. 

Day,  Leonard,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Day,  Luther,  Cleveland,   Ohio. 

Day,   Robert  H.,   Oanton,   Ohio. 

Day,   Rufua  8.,  Washington,    D.   O. 

Day,  Sherman,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Day,  Stephen  Albion,  Chicago,  HI. 

Day,  Thomas  W.,   Detroit,  Mich. 

Day.  Vernon.  Anthony,  Kan. 

Day,  William  L.,  Cleveland.  Ohio. 

Day,  William  R.  (Canton,  Ohio),  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 

Dayton,  Arthur  S.,  Phllippi,  W.  Va. 

Deacon,  Charles  J.,  Oedar  Rapids,  Iowa. 

Deacy,  Thomas  E.,  Kansas  City.  Mo. 

De  Aguno.  Miguel  B..  New  York.  N.  Y. 

Deahl,  John  L.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

De  Aldrey,  Pedro,  San  Juan,  P.  R. 

Dealtry,  Clarence  W.,  B«  ston.  Mass. 

Dean,  Arthur  M.,   Redding,  Cal. 

Dean,  Charles  Ray.  Washington,  D.  C. 

Dean,  George  C,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Dean,  H.  H.,  Glenwood  City,  Wis. 

Dean,  James  R.,  Lincoln,  Nebr. 

Dean,  John  A.,  Jr.,  Owensboro,  Ky. 

Dean,  John  8.,  Topeka,  Kans. 

Dean,  Josiah  S.,  Boston,  Mass. 

DSAB,  Oliver  R.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 


1916  Dean,  Paul  Dudley,  Boston,  Msss. 

1920  Dean,  Robert  A.,  Wsshington,  D.   0. 

1920  Dean,  Thompson,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

1918  DeAngelis,  P.  C.  J.,  Utlca,  N.  Y. 

1922  Dear,  Arthur  T.,  Jersey  Olty,  N.  J. 

1916  Dearborn,  Joaiah.  Springfield,  Mass. 
1920  Dearing,  E.  M.,  Potosi,  Mo. 

1922  Dearing,  Milton  M.,  Fresno,  Oal. 

1920  Dearmont,  Russell  Lee,  Cape  Girardeau, 

Mo. 

1907  Deasy,  Luere  B.;  Bar  Harbor,  Me. 

1918  Deaton,  S.  &.  Urbana,  Ohio. 

1918  Deavitt,  F^ward  H..  Montpelier,  Vt 

1920  Deavours,  Bums  M.,  Laurel,  Miss. 

1921  DcBaillon.  Dan,  Ufeyette.  La. 

1922  De  Bettenoourt,  Jose  L.,  San  Fraaciseo, 

Oal. 

1907  Debevolse,  Thomas  M.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1918  De  Bow,  J.  D.  B.,  Nsshville,  Tenn. 

1917  De  Busk,  Lewis  F.,  Middlesbort>.  Ky. 

1918  DeOamp,  Walter  A.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1917  Decker,  Charles  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1916  Decker,  Oliver  J.,  Williamsport.  Pa. 

1918  Decker,  Victor  A..  Hawley.  Pa. 

1922  Deeker,  William  8.,  Jerwy  City.  N.  J. 

1910  DeCourcy,  Charles  A.,  Boston,  Msss. 

1918  Dedmon,  Perry  G.,  Fort  Worth,  Tex. 

1921  Dee,  MIchsel  F.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Deemer,  Wm.  Russell.  Williamsport.  Pa. 

1918  Deering,  Frank  P.,  San  Francisco.  Oal. 

1921  Deering,  Jamea  H.,  San  Francisco,  CU. 

1916  Deeter,  Paxson.  Philsdelphia,  Pa. 

1921  Delfenbaugfa.  James  8.,  Lsncsster.  Ohio. 

1922  DeFoe,  Frederick  W.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  DeFord,  U.  C.  Youngstown,  Ohio.' 
1921  DeForest,  J.  G.,  Sen  Frandsoo,  OaL 

1921  DeForest,  Robert  G.,  Bridgeport,  Conn. 
1914  DeForest,  Robert  W.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1919  DeFrees,  Donsld,  Chicago,  HI. 

1908  Defrees,  Joseph  H.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1918  deFriese,     Lsfayette     H.     {New    York, 
N.  Y.),  London,  Eng. 

1922  De  Oarmo,  G.  C.  Los  Angdes.  OhI. 
1922  Degnan,  J.  E.,  Loa  Angeles,  Oal. 
1922  Dehm.  W.  H.,  Los  Angeles,  Oal. 
1922  Dehy,  William  D.,  Independence,  Oal. 

1907  Deiches.  Maurice,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1918  De  Ksiser.  Jscob.  Cleveland.  0*t<n. 
1922  Dekle,  Lebbeus,  Thomasville.  Ga. 

1912  DeKnight,     Clarence    W.,     Waahington. 

D.  C. 

1908  DeLacy.  William  H.,  Washington,  D.  O. 

1913  Delafleld.  FredeHck  P..  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1922  Delafleld.  Joseph  L..  New  York,  N.  T. 

1914  Delsfleld.  Lewis  L.,  New  York.  S.   T 
1922  Delafleld,    Lewis    L.,    Jr.,    New    York. 

N.  Y. 

1922  De  La  Haba,  Gabriel,  Ban  Juan,  P.  R. 


760. 


AM£BIOAN  BAB  A6800IATIOir. 


iifx*»  DeLsmatre,  Clayton  Wm..  Omaha,  Nebr. 

1922  DeLap,  T.  H.,  Richmond,  Oal. 

1921  Oe  La  Vergne,  Hughes  J.»  New  Orleaaa, 

La. 

1921  DeLaVergne,     Jamea     P.,     Woodbavenj 

N.  Y. 

1918  Delehanty.  FrancU  B..  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Delehanty,  James  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1914  Delehanty.  John  A..  Albany,  N.  Y. 

1919  Delarado,  Francisco  A..  Manila,  P.  h 

1922  DeLigne,  A.  A..  San  Frandaco.  CU. 
1922  Delle,  0.  0.,  RoUe,  Iowa. 

1907  Delle,  Lee  C,  Yakima,  Wash. 

1921  Delle,  M.  C,  Yakima,  Wash. 

1921  Dellenback,  William  H..  Chicago,  III. 

1921  DeLorenzo,  William,  Hackenaack,  N.  J. 

1921  De  Lucas,  Clarence,  New  Orleans,  La. 

1922  Derobe,  U.  B.,  Baynnne,  N.  J. 
1918  DeMeules.  Edgar  A.,  Tulaa.  Okla. 
1921  DeMi;io,  Dorian,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1910  Deming,  John  B..  Baltimore,  Md. 
1921  De  Ifoe,  Earl  W.,  Chicago,  111. 

1918  De^ond,  Fred.  C,  Concord,  N.  H. 

1921  Demos,    Paul,    Chicago,    111. 

1922  De  Ifov,  Jacob  S.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1917  Dempsey.  Edward  J.,  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 

1919  Dempaey,  Ernest  C,  Cleveland.  Ohio. 

1919  Dempsey,  John  B.,  Cleveland.  Ohio. 
1910  Dempsey.  Ralph.  Pekin,  111. 

1920  Dempaey,  Raymond  C,  Antigo,  Wia. 
1897  Deneen,  Charles  S.,  Chicago,  HI. 
1888  Den^gre.  George,  New  Orleana.  La. 

1921  D<>nesTe.  James  D..  St.  Paul.  Minn. 
1891  Den^gre.  Walter  D.,  New  Orleana.  La. 

1922  Denham,  Lewis,  Elgin,  Ore. 

1918  Denhard.  Augustus  M..  Baltimore,  Md. 
1922  Denio,  B.  C,  Long  Beach,  OaL 

1919  DenIo,  F.  Winchester.  Boston.  Mass. 

1920  Denious,  Wilbur  F.,  Denver,  Colo. 

1910  Denis.  George  J.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
1895  Denison.  Arthur  C,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 
1901  Denison,  Howard  P.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 
1916  Deniaon,  Robert  F.,  Qeveland,  Ohio. 
1914  Denman,  Frederick  H.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1911  Denman,  U.  O.,  Toledo,  Ohio. 

1912  Denman.  William.  San  Francisco.  CaL 
1922  Dennett,  Lewia  L.,   Modesto,  Cal. 
1914  Denney,  Charles  H.,  Fairbury,   Nebr. 
1916  Denning,  Clarence  P.,  Chicago,  111. 
1914  Denning,  J.  Henry,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1921  Dennis,  Edward  C,  Darlington,  S.  C. 
1904  Dennia,  James  U..  Baltimore,  Md. 
1912  Dennis,  Jerry,  Columbus,  Ohio. 

1914  Dennis,  Samuel  K.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1918  Dennis,  William  Cullen,  Waahington, 

D.  C. 

ItU  Dennison,  C.  8.,  Pittsburg,  Kansas, 

mt  Dciaiaon.  John  H.,  Denver,  Calsw 


itfvAS  Dennison,  Joseph  A.,  Boston,  Utm, 

1919  Denpy,  Harmar  D.,  Jr.,  Pittsburgh.  Pn. 

1919  Deni^y,  Herbert  C,  Gallup,  N.  M. 
1914  Denny,  J.  H.,  Glasgow,  Mo. 

1914  Denny,  James  W.,  Baltimore.  Md. 

1917  Denson,  N.  D.,  Opelika,  Ala. 

1920  Denson,  Paine,  Cullman,  Ala. 

1913  Dent,  Louia  L.,  Chicago,  UL 
1916  Dent,  R.  L..  VicksbuxY.  Miss. 

1904  Dent,  8.  Hubert,  Jr.,  Montgomery,  Ala. 

1S88  Dent,  Thomas,  Chicago,  IlL 

1914  Denu,  Albert  R.,  Rapid  City,  8.  D. 

1918  Denvir,  John  B.,  Jr.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1896  Depew,  Chaunccy  M.,  New  York,  N.   Y. 

1920  Depew,   Harold.   Elisabeth,   N.  J. 

1921  De  Paw.  Joseph  W.,  Bloomington,  IlL 

1922  Depuy,  H.  C,  Grafton,  N.  D. 

1921  Derby,  8.   Haakett,  San  Frandaco,  Oal. 

1922  Demham,  Monte  A.,  San  Prandsoo,  Onl. 
1914  DeRoy,  Irvin  E.,  San  Frandaco,  Oal. 

1913  Derr,  Cynis  O.,  Reading.   Pa. 

1914  De  Santla,  Anthony  8.,  Los  Angeles,  OaL 
1918  Desbecker,  Louis  E.,  Buffalo,   N.   Y. 
1921  Dessouslsvy,  A.  P.,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 
1908  de  Steiguer,  George  E.,  Seattle.  Wash. 

1920  Desvemine,  Raoul  E.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Deutach,  Bernard  S.,  New  York,  N.   Y. 
1906  Deutach,  Henry,  Minneapolia,  Minn. 

1920  Deutschman,  Archie  J.,  Chicago,  IIL 
1916  De  Vane.  Doeier  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Devaney,  Thomas,  Langdon,  N.  D. 

1920  DeVault  Walter  D.,   Knoxville,  Tenn. 
1902  Devecmon,  William  C,  Cumberland,  Md. 

1922  Devin,  Joseph  F  ,  Los  Angeles,  OaL 

1915  DeVine,  J.  H.,  Ogden,  Utah. 

1921  Devine,  Milea  J.,  Chicago,  111. 
1906  Devine,  Thomaa  H.,  Pueblo,  Colow 

1918  Devitt,  James  A.,  Osksloosa.  Iowa. 
1901  Devitt,  John  F.,  Muscatine,  Iowa. 

1919  Devitt,  Wm.  Charles,  Ashland,  Pa. 

1922  Devlin,  Frank  R.,   San  Frandaco,   OaL 
1913  Devlin,  Jamea  H.,  Brighton,  Mass. 

1922  Devlin,  Robert  T.,  Sacramento,  OaL 

1922  Devlin,  Wm.  H.,  Sacramento,  OaL 

1921  Devoe.    Robert   W.,   Lincoln,    Neb. 
1918  Devor,  WillUm  T.,  Ashland.  Ohio. 

1913  DeVore,  J.  W.,  Edgefield,  S.  C 

1922  Devoto,  Anthony,  8an  Frandaco,  OaL 

1914  DeVries,   Marion    (Waahington.    D.    a), 

Lodi,  Cal. 

1920  Dewberry,  Joe  T.,  Tulaa,  Okla. 

1922  Dewey,  Franda  H.,  Jr.,  Worcester,  Umm. 

1916  Dewey,  Leo  Asa,  Washington,  D.  C 
1918  Dewey,  W.  Chapman,  Memphis,  Tena. 

1913  Dewhurst,  Wm.  W.,  St.  Augustine,  Fin. 
1922  DeWitt,  Benjamin  P..  New  York.  N.  T. 

1921  DeWitt,  Clyde  Alton,  Manila.  P.  L 

1914  DeWitt,  John  H.,  NaahvlUa. 


AunLAiancAL  ugr  ow  KBinims. 


761 


1918 


Ifll 

ins 

1919 


1919 

un 

1918 

i9n 

1988 
1906 
1918 
1919 


1918 
1919 
1919 
1921 
19n 
1909 
1918 
1916 
1908 
19tt 
1918 
1906 
1884 
1919 
1906 
1918 
1914 
1916 
19tl 


1918 

un 

1911 
1918 
19n 
1914 

un 

1981 
1907 
1920 

un 

1912 

ini 

in6 


Dent,  Rfcbtrd  P.,   Na«bvlUe,  Tttn. 
Dtztcr,  Fnaids  H..  Sab  Juui.  P.  E. 
Dnter,  Jottph  P.,  8.  Framinffham,  MaHi 
Dexter,  Philip,  Boeton,  Mim. 
Dey,  Ben  C,  Portland,  Ore. 
Dcjo^  linel  T.,  Blnghanton,  N.  T. 
De  Touny,  Frederic  R.,  Cbfeago.  IB. 
Diamond,  Jacob  L.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
Diamond,  T.  B.,  Sheldon,  Iowa. 
Dibble,   Oliver,  San  Franciaco,  Oal. 
Dibblee,  Albert  J.,  San  Franeiaeo,  Oal. 
Dibell,  Homer  B.,  St.  Paul.  Minn. 
Dibrell,  J,  B.,  Seguin.  Texas. 
Dick,  Homer  T.,  Ohieairo,  ni. 
Dick,  Lewli  A.,  Denver,  Oolo. 
Dick,    Lewli   R.,    Philadelphia,    Pa. 
Dickennft,  Robert  C,  Hartford.   Conn. 
Dlckerman,   Fnink  E.,  ^Boston,    Uaaa. 
DickerMn,  Eugene  0.,  Roanoke.  Va. 
Dlckeraon,  R.  T.,  Oindnnatf.  Ohio. 
Dickey,  J.  If.,  St.  Paul.  Minn. 
Dicker.  John,  Jr.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Dickir,  Joseph  8.,  Jr.,  Henrietta,  Texaai 
Dickey,  Lyle  A.,  Lihoe,  Hawaii. 
Dickey,   Nellie,   Aihland.   Ore. 
Dicklnaon,  Charfea,  Boeton.  Mana. 
Dickinaon,  H.  D.,  Minneapollfl,  Minn. 
Dickinson,  J.  M..  Chicago,  111. 
Dickinson^  J.  M.,  Jr.,  Chicago,  HI. 
Dickinaon,  John  R.,  Chicago,  HI. 
Dickinaon,  O.  B.,   Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Dickinson.  O.  P.,  Wilaon.  N.  C. 
Dickaon.   Arthur  O.,    Philadelphia.   Pa. 
DIckaoB,  Bnmett  M.,  Paris,  Ky. 
Dickson,  Frederick  N..  St.  Paul.  Minn. 
Dickson,  George  C.,'  Boaton,  Mao. 
Dickaon,  J.  L.,  Hugo,  Okla. 
Dickson,  Joseph,  Jr.,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
Dickaon,  William  H.,  Loa  Angelea,  OaL 
Dickatein,  Samuel.  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Diehm,  Walter,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Dierkcr,  Obai'lei  B.,  Shawnee,  Okla. 
Diemen,  Oeorge  B.,  Ohicago,  III. 
Dietrich  Frank  a,  Boiae.  Idaho. 
Dietrich,  Roy  K.,  Kanaas  City,  Mo. 
Diets,  Qyrua  B.,  Moline,  HI. 
Dietz,   Nirhnlas.   Rnooklvn.   N.   Y. 
Dignan,  Thomas,  Glasgow,  Mont. 
Digney,  Charles  A.,   Dorchester  Center, 


1918 


i9n 

1919 
1887 
1894 
]n8 


Digney,  John  M.,  White  Plaina,  N.  Y. 
Dill,  Lewia  G.,  Waverly,  Ohio. 
Dillard,  F.  C,  Sherman.  Texaa. 
Dillard,  Herbert  Naah,  Rockymouat,  Va. 
Dllhnrd,  John  H.,  Murphy.  N.  C. 
DHlaway,  W.  B.  L.,  Boston.  Mass. 
Dille,  John  I.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
DUllncer,  Dallas,  Jr.,  Allentown,  Pa. 


1928  Dillinger,  John  L.,  Avoca,  Iowa. 

1917  Dillingham,  Frank  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1910  Dillon,  C.  W.,  FayetteviUe,  W.  Va. 

1917  Dillon,  John,  Lander,  Wyo. 
ms  Dillon,  Richard  J..  Loa  Angeles,  OtL 

1918  Dillon,  Sidney  J.,  Dea  Moines,   Iowa. 
1918  Dillon,  William,  Castle  Rock.  Colo. 

1921  Dillon,  William  H.,  Ohicago,  IlL 
19n  Dillon.   William  T.,  Holyoke.   Mass. 
1918  Dil worth.  Read  G.,  Coronado,  Cal. 
1914  Dilworth.  W.  A..  HasHngs,  Nebr. 

1922  Dimin,  Hany,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
19n  Dimock,  Edward  J.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
ms  Dimock,  Warren,  Menno,  &   D. 
1080  Dimond,  Arthur  J.,  Valdes,  Alaska. 
1896  Dines,  Tyson  S.,  Denver,  Colo. 
1918  Dinkel«pie],  Henry  Q.  W.,  San  Francisco, 

Cal. 

19n  Dinkle,  Rufus  &,  Ofttlettiburg,  Ky. 

1921  Dinamore,   Frank  F.,  OIncinnati,  OMo. 

1911  DImberfrer.  M.  F.,  Jr.,  Buffalo,  K.  Y. 
19n  Diakin,  Michael  A.,  Reno,  Kev. 
1921  Dismukes,  M.  L.,  Nstchitoches,  U. 
1921  Ditchbume,  Hsrry  S.,  Ohicago,  HI. 

1911  Dittenhoefer,    Irving    M.,    New    York. 
N.  Y. 

1921  Ditxen.  Paul  H.,  Kansas  Oity,  Kan. 

m4  Dlvely^  Augustus  V.,  Altoona,  Pa. 

1913  Diven,  Alexander  &.  Elmira,  N.  Y. 
1906  Divetr  A.  G.,  Fargo.  N.  D. 
mo  Dix,  George  O.,  Terre  Haute,  Ind. 
ion  Dixon,   Edward  T.,  Cincinnati,  Ohia 
1921  Dixon,  Oeorge  0..  Dixon,  111. 
ion  Dixon,  Oeorge  W.,  Ohicago,  IlL 
1916  Dixon,   Henry  S..   Dixon,  IlL 

1918  Dixon,  Huaton,  Trenton,  N.  J. 
1920  Dixon,  J.  Kelly,  Talladrga,  Ala. 

1920  Dixon.  N.  Walter,  Denver,  Colo. 

1919  Dixon,  Royden,  Memphis.  Tenn. 

1921  Dixon,  Simeon  W.,  Ohicago,  lU. 

1920  Dixon,*  Thomaa  J.,  Denver,  Cola 
1916  Dixon,   William  W..   Chicago,   IlL 

1021  Doane,  Benjamin  H.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1928  Dobbina,  B.  W.,  Fairfield,  Gal. 
19n  Dobbina,    Donald    Claude,    Champaign, 

m. 

1914  Dobler,  John  J.,  Baltimore.  Md. 
19n  Dobson,  Alfred  P.,  Portland.  Oreg. 

1912  Dofasun,  Harvey  O.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
1018  Dobyns,   Fletcher.  Chicago,  111. 

1022  Docker,  Fraderick  W.,  Fresno.  Oal. 
19V.9  IXickweiler,  Isidore  B.,  Los  Angeles.  CaL 
1018  Dockweiler,  Thomaa  A.  J.,  Loa  Angelea. 

Cal. 

1919  Dodd,    Austin  S..  Clarksville,  Tex. 

1014  Dodge,  Ernest  C,  St.  I^uls,  Mo. 

1922  Dodge,  Frank  H.,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 
1911  Dodge,  Frank  L..  Lanaing,  Midu 


762 


AKSBICAN  BAB  A8800IATI0N. 


906 
801 
919 
91S 
918 
911 
902 
919 
920 
912 
906 
918 
919 
921 
920 
921 
921 
921 
912 


090 
922 
921 
921 
922 
916 
922 
918 

91^ 
918 
918 
912 
921 

906 
921 
919 
911 
922 
918 
921 
904 
907 
918 
911 
922 
922 
921 
917 
922 
918 
920 
920 
921 


1928 
1907 


Dodffe,  Pred  B.,  KinoMpQlIf,  If  tan. 
Dodg«;    Frederic,    Boston,    IUh. 
Dodge,  Harrii  B.,  Parkersburg,  W.  Va. 
Dodg«,  Horace  A.,  Waahiogton,  D.  0. 
Dodge.  Loula  L.,  Minneapolis,  ICinn. 
Dodge.  Robert  G.,  Boston,  Maas. 
Dodge,  WillUm  W.,  Washington,  D.  0. 
Doe,  Orestes  T.,  Franlclln,  Mass. 
Doetacfa,   Felix   A.,   Detroit,   M%h. 
Doerfler,  Christian,  Madison,  Wis. 
Doggett,  John  L.,  Jacksonville,  Fls. 
Dohan,  James  M.,   Pbilsdelphia,  Pa. 
Doherty,  Bernard  A.,  Fall  River,  Maas. 
Doberty,  Frank  P.,  Los  Angeles,  Gal. 
Doberty,  J.  Joseph,  Concord,  N.  H. 
Doherty,  M.  J.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
Dolan,  Charles  J.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Dolan,  Harry  F.  R.,  Boston,  Mass. 
Dolan,  James  C.  Gk)uvemeur,  N.  T. 
Dolan,   Michael   D.,  Chicago,  ill. 
Doland,  Theresa,  Detroit,  Mich. 
Dole,  Edward  J.,  Petaluma.  Cal. 
Dolle.  Charles  F..  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 
Dolle,  Louis  J.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
Dolley,  Stephen  B.,  Oastonia,  N.  C. 
Dolman.  John  E.,  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 
Donahue,  Charles  L.,  Portlsnd,  Me. 
Donshue,    Frank    Rogers,    Philiadelphia, 

Pa. 
Donahue,  Joseph  Joyce,  Boston,  Mass. 
Donahue,   Maurice  H.,  Columbus,  Ohio. 
Donahue.  William  H.,  Oakland,  Cal. 
Donald,    Malcolm,    Boston,   Msss. 
Donaldson,     Matthew     J.,     Pittsburgh. 

Penn. 
Donaldson,  R.  Golden,  Washington,  D.  C 
Dones,  Hieatt  S.,  Columbus,  Ohio. 
Donnell,  E.  B.,  West  Palm  Beach.  Fla. 
Donnell.   Forrest  C,  St.   Louis,   Mo. 
Donnellan,  George  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Donnelly,  CharlfS.  St.   Paul«   Minn. 
Donnelly,  E.  E.,  Bloomington,  HI. 
Donnelly,  Edward  A.,  Baltimore.  Md. 
Donnelly,  Henry  D..  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Donnelly,  James  F.,  New  York,  N.   Y. 
Donnelly,  John  C,   Detroit,  Mich. 
Donnelly,  John  E.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Donnelly,  M.  J.,  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa. 
Donnelly,  Stan.   D.,  St.  Paul.  Minn. 
Donohoe,  Thomas  J.,  Cordova,  Alaska. 
Don<Aue,  Emmett  I.,  Petaluma,  Cal. 
Donovan,   Charles  H.,  Canton,  Pa. 
Donovan,  Joseph  C,  Concord.  N.  H. 
Donovan,  Joseph  L.,  Ellicott  City,  Md. 
Donovan,      William     H.,      Washington, 

D.  O. 
Dooworth,  .Charles  T.»  Seattle,  Wash. 
Donworth,  Clement  B.,  Machias,  Me. 


1908 'Don worth,. George,  Seattle,  Wash. 

1918  Donaelmann,    Hugo,    Cheyenne,    Wyo. 

1981  Doody,  Benjamin  F.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1912  Doocy,   Edward,   Pittsfleld;   Ul. 
1903  Doolan,  John  C,  Louisville,  Ky. 
1918  Dooley*   Edward  J.,   Brooklyn,   N.   Y. 
1921  Dooley,  Vincent  P.,  New  Haven,  Com. 

1921  Dooling,  Maurice  T.,  Jr.,  San  FraDciseo, 

1914  Doolittle,  H.  J..  Cleveland.  Ohio. 

1914  Doom,   D.   H.,   Austin,  Texas. 

1911  Doran,  James  P.,  New  Bedford,  Maas. 

1922  Doran,  niomas  F.,  Topeka,  Kans. 
1918  Dore,  Clsude,  Brooklyn,  M.  Y. 
1922  Dore,  John  F.,  Seattle,  Waah. 

1913  Doremua,   Cornel iua,   Ridgewood,   N.   J. 
1918  Dorival,  Charles  .A.,  Caledonia,  Minn. 
1918  Dorman,  William  B.,  Lynn,  Maas. 

1912  Dorman,  William  R.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1921  Dom,  WinAeld,  San  Francisco,  CaL 
1921  Domette,  Charles  E..  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1921  Domette,  George  A.,  dncinnati,  Ohio. 
1010  Dorr.  Dudley  H.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1922  Dorr,  Frederick  W.,  Stn  Frandaco,  OaL 
1918  Dorris,  John  D.,  Hontingdon,  Pa. 

1906  Dorsey,  Clayton  C,  Denver,  Colo. 

1921  Dorsey,  J.  W.,  San  Frandaeo,  GaL 
1916  Dorsey,  Jsmes  A.,  Beaton,  Maa. 

1916  Dorsey,  Vernon  M.,  Waahington,  D.  O. 

1916  Dortch,  W.  R.,  Gadsdenf  Alabama. 

1914  Dorton,  Frederick  T.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1922  DosPaasos,  Cyril  F.,  New  Yotk,  K.   T. 
1981  Doty,  William  S..  PlttAurgh,  Penn. 
1902  Doub,  Albert  A.,  Cumberland,  Md. 
1922  Doud,  A.  L.,  DesTer,  Colo. 

1920  Dougherty,  Edward  P.,  Dallaa,  Tax. 

1918  Dougherty,  J.  R.,  Bceville,  Texaa. 

1919  Dougherty.  M.  J.  G.,  Meaa,  Aria. 

1920  Dougherty,  P.  W..  Webster,  &  D. 

1916  Dougherty,  William  H.,  Janecrille,  Wis. 

1919  Doughty.  George  L.,  Jr.,  Aeconac,  Va. 

1913  Douglas,  Archibald,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1911  Douglas.  Charles  A.,  WsabiagtoB.  D.  OL 
1922  Douglas.    J.    Franklin.    San    Fnndsoo. 

Gal. 

1913  Douglas,   Lee,  Nashville,  Tenn. 

1922  Douglas,  Malcolm,  Seattle,  Wash. 

1921  Douglas,  Martin  F.,  Greenaboro,  N.  O. 
1916  Douglas.  R.  L.,  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 

1921  Douglas,  Rey  O.,  Kansaa  Oily,  Mo. 

1921  Douglas,  Robert  D.,  Oreeori>oro,  N.   O. 

1909  Douglas,  Samuel  T.,  Detroit,  Mldu 
1019  Douglas,    Walter  C,  Jr.,   Philadelphia. 

Pa. 

1910  Douglas,  William  W.,  Providence,  E.  L 
1921  Douglass,  L  W.,  Maxwell,  Iow». 

1920  Douglaas,  W.  H.,  St  Louis,  Mo. 

1921  Dove,  F.  R.,  ShelbjvlU^  OL 


ALFHABBTICAL  U8T  OF   MKMBSB8. 


763 


■LBOTSD 

1921  Dovell,  Ashton,  Williamsburg,  V«. 

1922  Dow,  Fayette  B.,  Wuhington,  D.  0. 
1922  Dow,  Frederick  N.,  Portland.  Me. 

1919  Dow,  Harry  A.,  Chicago.  111. 

1920  Dow,  Harvey  D.,  Sedalla,  Mo. 

1917  Dow,  Hiram  M.,  Roawell.  N.  M. 
1920  Dow,  Robert  C,  Carlsbad.  N.  M. 
1922  Dow,  W.   A.,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 
1922  Dowd,  Menryn  R.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1918  Dowd,  Thomaa  H.,  Salanunca,  N.  Y. 
1922  Dowdell,  Orabam.  San  Antonio,  Texas. 

1920  Dowden,  Samuel,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

1921  Dowe,  George  M..  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1900  Dowell.   Arthur  E.,   Washington,   D.  O. 
lan  DoweU,  Edward  E.,  Pana,  IlL 

1902  Dowell,  JulUn  C,  Washington,  D.  G. 

1918  Dowell,  Oacood  H.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1915  Dowling,  James  L.,  Moultrie,  Ga. 

1920  Dowling,  Noel  T.,  Minneapolis.  Minn. 
1918  Dowling,  Victor  J.,  New  York,  K.  Y. 

1922  Dowling,  William  L.,  Madison,   Nebr. 
1914  Downer,  Frank  M.,  Jr.,  Denver.  Colo. 

1918  Downer,  George  8.,  Albuquerque,  N.  M. 
1018  Downes,  J.  M.  N.,  Buckhannon,  W.  Va. 

1921  Downes,  Joanna  E.,  Chicago,  111. 
1914  Downey,  Francis  C,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

1919  Downie.  E.  B..  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

1918  Downing,  Charles  H.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1922  Downing^  W.  O..  Fayetteville.  N.  C. 
1022  Downing,    William    &,    San    Francisco, 

Oal. 

1022  Downs,  Henry  0.,  Oxnard,  Oal. 

1012  Dowse,  William  B.   H..  Boston,   Mass. 

1022  Dozsee,   J.   W.,   Monticello.   Iowa. 

1022  Doyle,  Clyde,  Long  Beach,  Oal. 

1021  Doyle,  Oomelius  J.,  Springfield,  m. 

1010  Doyle,  Edward  Andrew,  Chicago,  III. 

1021  Doyle,  John  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1028  Doyle,  Leo  J.,  Chicago,  111. 

1800  Doyle,  Louis  F.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1018  Doyle.  Michael  Francis,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

1016  Doyle,  Michael  J.,  Menominee,  Michigan. 

1020  Doyle,  Sidney  E.,  Detroit.  Mick. 
1018  Doyle.  T.  J.,  Lincoln,  Nebr. 

1017  Doyle,  T.  L.,  Fond  du  Lac,  Wis. 

1021  Doyle,  Warren,  New  Orleans,  La. 
1010  Doyle,  William  A.,  Chicago,  111. 

1921  Doyle.  William  T.,  Sioux  Falls,  S.  D. 

1022  Doder,  Thonws  B.,  Jr.,  San  Francisco, 

Oal. 

1014  Drain,  James  A.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

1020  Drake.  Earl  F.,  Phoenix,  Aria. 

1022  Drake,  Hugh  A.,  Kearney,   Neb. 

1022  Drapeau,  L.  C,  Ventura,  Oal. 

1016  Drayton,  Charles  D.,  Washington,  D.  O. 

1018  Drceben,  Israel  L.  (Dallas,  Texas),  New 

York,  N.  Y. 

loss  Dreher,  Fred  L.,  San  FModsco,  Oal. 


BLBCTBD 

1022  Dreiluss,  Leon,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1922  Dreifuas,  Maurice.  Detroit,  Mich. 

1021  Dreiske,  George  J.,  Chicago,  111. 
1010  Drenning,   Frank   G.,   Topeka,    Rans. 

1022  Drescher,  Alexander  S..  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
1016  Dresser,  Frank  F.,  Worcester,  Mass. 

1021  Dresser,  Jasper  Marion,  Chicago,  111. 

1016  Dressier,  Wymer,  Omaha,  Nebr. 

1022  Drew,  A.  M.,  Fresno,  Osl. 
1022  Drew,  Frank  C,  San  Frandsoo,  Oal. 

1014  Drew,  Harold  E.,  Derby,  Conn. 

1020  Drew,  Walter,  Milwaukee.  Wis. 
1922  Drewen,  John  F.,  Jr.,  Jersey  Olty,  N.  J. 

1919  Drewry,  P.  H.,  Petersburgh,  Va. 
1922  Drews,  Qustav,   New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Dreyfous,  Felix  J.,  New  Orleans,  Ls. 
1921  Dreyfous,  George  A.,  New  Orleans,  Ls. 

1913  Drinker,  Henry  S.,  Jr.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

1921  Drinnon,  James  L.,  Morristown,  Tenn. 
1P18  Driscoll,  D.  J.,  St.  Mary's,  Pa. 

1922  Driscoll,  M.  L.,  Pasco,  Wash. 
1922  Driver,  Samuel  M.,  Watervitle.  Wash. 
1922  Drobisch,  Walter  E.,  flan  Francisco.  Oal. 
1921  Drucker,  Henry  M.,  Chicago,  ill. 

1921  Druffel,   John   H.,   Cincinnati,   Ohio. 

1922  Drum,  John  S.,  San  Franciaco,  OaL 

1920  Drury,  Alfred  L..  Kenosha.  Wia. 
1004  Drvden.  John   N.,   Kearney,   Nebr. 
1922  Dryer,  George  W.,  Los  Angeles,  Oal. 

1919  Drysdale,  Hugh  P.,  N.  Adams.  Mass. 
1922  Duane,  Patrick  J.,  Waltham,  Mass. 
1896  Duane,    Russell,    Philadelphia.    Pa. 
1922  Duane,  Walter  H.,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 

1906  Dubbs,  Henry  A.,  Denver,  Colo. 

1921  Dubbs,  John  W.,  Mendota,  III. 

1921  Duberstein,  Samuel  0.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1920  Dubinsky,  Carl  M.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1022  Dubois,  Frank  V.,  Spokane,  Wash. 
1009  Dubuisson,  E.   B.,  Opelousas,  La. 
1911  Dubuque,  Hugo  A.,  Fall  River,  Mass. 
1900  Duchamp,  Charles  A.,  New  Orleans,  La. 

1015  Ducker,  Edward  A.,  Carson  City,  Nev. 

1017  Dudley,  Fred  W..  Port  Henry,  N.  Y. 
1908  Dudley,  Frederick  M.,  Seattle,  Wash. 
1919  Dudley,  Herbert  J.,  Calaia,  Me. 
1918  Dudley,  J.  B.,  Oklahoma  City.  Okla. 
1918  Dudley,  Joseph  G.,  BuflPalo,  N.  Y. 

1922  Duell,  Charles  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1917  Duell.  Holland  8.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1019  Duir,  J.  A.,  Coniell,  Okla. 

1914  Duffey,  Edwin,  Cortland,  N.  Y. 

1907  Dufileld,   Edward  D.,  Newark,   N.  J. 

1016  Duflln,  James  R.,  Louisville,  Ky. 
1014  Duffy,  Edward,  Baltimore,  Md. 
1014  Duffy,  Henry.  Baltimore,  Md. 
1012  Duffy,  James  P.  B.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

1021  Duffy,  Joseph  P..  Terre  Haute,  Ind. 
1006  Dufoar,  H.  Oeneres,  New  Orleans.  La. 


764 


AKXBIGAN   BAB  A6800IATIOV* 


1906  Dttfoor,  William  C,  New  OrleuM,  La. 

1920  DuftOD,  Donald  E.,  Jobntown*  Pa. 
1904  Dugan,  Patrick  C,  Albany.  N.  T. 
1922  Duggan,  Fred  S.,  Spokane,  Waah. 

1915  Dugro,  KranciB  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  DuHadway,  F.   A..  Hardin,   IlL 

1922  Duke,  B.  T.  W.,  Jr.,  Obarlotteaville,  Va. 

1913  Dulaney,  A.  D.,  Aabdown,  Ark. 
1919  Dulaney,  J.  W.,  Tunica,  Miaa. 
1919  Dula,  W.  H.,  Dallas.  Tex. 

1921  Dulsky,   Louia,   Chicago,    HI. 

1921  Dulaky,  Samuel,  Chicago,  111. 

1908  Dumont,  Wayne,  Patenon,  N.  J. 

1919  Dunbar,  David  O.,  Chicago,  111. 
1917  Dunbar,  Frank  C,  Columbua,  Ohio. 
1921  Dunbar,  JesM  T.,  Norwalk,  Conn. 

1914  Dunbar,  Ralph  W.,  Boaton,  Mass. 
1911  Dunbar,  William  H.,  Boaton,  Ifaaa. 
1921  Dunbaugh,  Harry  J.,  Chicago,  IlL  . 
1917  Duncan,  Frank  I..  Towson,  Md. 
1921  Duncan,  H.  R.,  Pawhuaka,  Okla. 
191d  Duncan,  Harry  C,  Tavarea,  Fla. 

1917  Duncan,  J.  F.,  Beaufort,  N.  C. 

1921  Duncan,  Jamea  S.,  Greenaboro,  N.  O. 

1916  Duncan.  Oacar  D.,  New  York.  N.  V. 

1918  Duncan,  Tracy  H.,  Cleveland.  Ohio. 

1921  Duncan,   W.   M.,   Klamath   Falls,   Greg. 
1916  Duncan.  William  M.,  Cleveland.  Ohio. 

1922  Duncombe,  Herbert  S.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1914  Dundon.  Denis.  Paris,  Ry. 

1921  Dunham,  B.   M.,  Frcdonia.   Ran. 

1922  Dunham,  Frank  C,  Pasadena,  Oal. 
1921  Dunham,  George  W.,  Manchester,  Iowa. 

1921  Dunlap.   Anthony  B.,  Cincinnati.   Ohio. 

1922  Dunlap,  Boutwell,  San  Francisco,  CaL 

191 5  Ihinlap.  R.  F.,  Htnton.  W.  Va. 

1922  Dunlap.  Thomas  S.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1903  Dunlop,  0.  Thomas,  Washington,  D.  O. 

1913  Dunmore,  Walter  T..  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1914  Dunn,  Charles  J..  Orono.  Me. 

1921  Dunn,  Charles  Wesley,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1913  Dunn.  Clifford  G..  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1920  Dunn.  Denton.  Ranaas  City,  Mo. 

1918  Dunn.  Edward  G.,  Mason  City.  Iowa. 

1913  Dunn.  Henry  W.,  Boston.  Maas. 

1922  Dunn,  Jesse  J.,  Oakland.  Cal. 

1920  Dunn.  John  Gilbert,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1919  Dunn.  John  J..  Westerly.  R.  I. 
1900  Dunn,  Michael.  Paterson.  N.  J. 

1914  Dunn.  Philip  J..  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1918  Dunn,  Robert  N.,  Boise,  Idaho. 

1921  Dunn,  Robert  W.,  Chicago.  111. 
1913  Dunn.  W,  E.,  Um  AnReles.  Cal. 

1922  Dunne,  Frank  H.,  San  Francisco,  CaL 
1921  Dunne,  J.  J.,  San  Francisco.  Gal. 
19n6  Dunne,  Peter  F.,  San  Fmncisco.  Cal. 
1921  Dunne,  Thomas  P..  Meriden,  Conn. 
}92S  Dunnigan,  H.  L.,  Los  Angeles,  OaL 


1917  Dunning,  A.  R.,  WHliamston,  N.  O. 
1921  Dunseath,  Jamea  R.,  Tttoaon,  Aria. 

1921  Dunahee,  Frank  8.,  Das  Moinea»  Iowa. 

1907  Dunton,  Robert  F.,  Belfaat,  Ma. 

1912  Duowiddie,  John  D.,  Monroe,  Wia. 

1910  Dupre,  H.  Garland,  Waahiagton,  D.  O. 

1919  Dnque,    Gabriel    Carloa,    Los    Angeleo. 

CkL 

1921  Durand,  Arthur  F.,  Obicago,  DL 

1921  Durand,  Frank,  Aabury  Park,  N.  J. 

1921  Durant,  Charlton,  Manning,  8.  O. 

1912  Durant,  Paul  D..  Milwaukee.  Wia. 
1921  Durforow,  C.  W.,  San  Franeiaco,  Oal. 

1921  Durey,  John  C,  Stamford,  Conn. 

1922  Durfee,  Edgar  Noble,  Ann  AriMr,  Midi. 
1922  Durham,  Harold  E.,  Chicago,  111. 

1920  Durham,  Harry  B.,  Casper,  Wjro. 

1913  Durham,  Knowlton.  New  York,  N.  T. 

1918  Durham,  L.  E.,  Ranaas  City,  Mo. 
1918  Durkin,  Edmund  L.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1928  Durley,  Mkrk,  Oxnard,  OaL 

1921  Durr,  Cheater  S.,  Ciiicinnati,  Ohio. 

1917  Durst,  Harry  D..  Springfield,  Mo. 
1981  Duaher.  William  R.,  Rochelle,  IlL 

1921  Duahkind,  Charles,  New  York,  N.   T. 

1918  Duatin.  Alton  C,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1914  Duatin,  Charlea  W.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1911  Dutcher,  Charlea  M..  Iowa  City.  Iowa. 
1900  Dutton,  John  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1913  Dutton,  Walter  A.,  Hard  wick,  Vt 

1920  Duty.    John    R.,    Rogers,    Ark. 

1910  Duval,  Louia  W.,  Ocala,  Fla. 

1922  DuVal,   Ralph  William,  San  Franciioo. 

Oal. 

1921  Duval,  William  H.,  Chicago,  111. 

1922  Duvall.  Elbridge  O.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1011  Duvall,  Richard  Mareen.  Baltimore.  Md. 

1911  Duxbury,  F.  A.,  St  Paul,  Minn. 
1906  Duxbury,  W.  R.,  Minneapolia,  Mina. 

1914  Duy,  A.  W.,  Bloomsburg,  Pa. 
1922  Dwelle,  H.  B.,  Freaao,  CaL 

1906  Dwinnell,  W.  8.,  Minneapolia,  Miaa. 

1914  Dwyer.  D.  0.,  Plattamouth,  Nebr. 

1917  Dwyer,  Eugene  J.,  Rochester,  N,  T. 

1922  Dwyer,  J.  J.,  San  Francisco,  OaL 

1914  Dwyer.  John  J.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

192^  Dye.  Fred.  Detroit.  Mich. 

1922  Dye,  Joseph  M.,  Swea  City,  Iowa. 

1»^«  Hve.  Rf^hct  H..  Favetteville,  N.  a 

1921  Ityer,  E.  B.,  Saybrook,  IlL 

Ifli?  Over.  H.  Chouteau.  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

1922  Dyer,  laaac  W.,  Portland.  Me. 

1919  Dyer,  Jamea  H.  P.,  Leominster,  Maaa. 
19^  Dver.  John  L.,  El  Paao.  Tex. 

1916  Dyer,  .Leonidaa  O.,  Waahington,  D.  O. 

19^6  [>ykes.  W.  W.,  Amerlcua.  Georgia. 

1922  Dykman,     Jadcaoo     Aanaa.     Brooklya, 
N.  Y* 


ALPBABECICAL  LI8I  OF  UBUBEBS. 


7m 


IMl  DykmAn,  Williain  N.,  Brooklyn,  N.  T. 

1011  I^mood,  John,  Jr.,  New  Orleans,  La. 

mo  Dynes,  0.  W.,  Chicago.  IlL 

1899  Dyrenforth,  William  H.,  Chicago.  HI. 

1914  Dysard.  H.  R.,  Ashland,  Ky. 

1922  Eager,  George  B.,  Jr.,  University,  Ya. 

1921  Eagles,  William  B..  Louisville,  Ky. 

1921  Eagleson,  Freeman  T.,  Columbus,  Ohio. 

1921  Eakin.  Edgar  Oswald,  Chicago,  lU. 

1921  Eakle,  B.  C,  Clay.  W.  Va. 

1990  Baman,  Prank  D.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1913  Earocs,  Burton  E.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1921  Earl,  Charles  L.,  Herkimer.  N.  Y. 
1909  Earl,  Otis  A.,  KsUmasoo.  Mich. 
1911  Earle,  Claude  B.,  Anderson,  S.  C. 
1907  Earle.  Henry  M..  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1920  Earle,  J.  R.,  Walhalla.  &  C. 

1921  Earle,  Thornton,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1911  Earle,  Wilton  H..  GreenTllle,  S.  C. 
1921  Earley,  Robert  G.,  Geneva,  III. 

1912  Early.  Albert  D.,  Rockford,  111. 
1021  Early,  Benjamin  B.,  Rockford,  111. 
1921  Early,  John.  Chicago.  HI. 

1902  Early,  Marlon  C.  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

1915  Earp,  Wilbur  F.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1914  Easby-Smith,  Jas.  S.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
1912  Easlcy.  D.  M.,  Bluefleld,  W.  Va. 

1921  East,  Charles  M.,  Staunton,  Va. 

1914  Rastbutn.   Horace  G..   Wilmington,   Del. 
1918  Basterday,  John  H.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
1907  Eastman,  Albert  N.,  Chicago.  111. 

1889  Eastman,  Sidney  C,  Chicago,  111. 

1909  Easton.  Charles  Plylip.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1915  Eaton,  Arthur  B.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1918  Eaton,  B.  E.,  Gulfport,  Miss. 

1919  Eaton,  Burt  W.,  Rochester,  Minn. 
1919  Eaton,  Fred  H.,  Lawrence,  Mass. 

1919  Eaton,  Frederick  W.,  Boston,  Mao. 
1914  Eaton,  Leo  K.,  Minneapolis.  Minn. 

1909  Eston.  Marquis,  Chicago,  HI. 

1916  Eaton,  William  R.,  Denver,  Colo. 
1911  Eaton,  Wm.  V.,  Paducah.  Ky. 

1914  Raves,  St.  Clatr,  Greenville.  Ky. 

1922  Eberhard,  Colon  R.,  LaGrande,  Ore. 
1921  Eberhardt.  Alfar  M..  Chicago,  111. 

1910  Eberhart,  Axel  A..  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
1921  Eberhart,  George  M.,  Huntington,  Ind. 

1920  Eberle,  Alphonse  G.,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
1916  Eberle,  Charles.  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1920  Eberly,  Frsncis  J.,  Columbus,  Ohio. 

1915  Eby.  D.  H.,  Hannibal.  Mo. 

1921  Eby.  Robert  J..  Washington,  D.  O. 
1918  Eccles,  Royal,  Ogden,  UUh. 

1914  Echols.  John  Wamock,   Vienna,  Va. 

1921  Ecke,  Albert,  Baltimore.  Md. 

1920  Eckert.  Arthur  C,  St.  Louis,  Ma 

1921  Eckert,  Walter  H.,  Chicago.  111. 
1MB  Eckhart,  Percy  B..  Chicago.  111. 


SLSCTSD 

1921  Eekman,  Arthur  W.,  Los  Angeles,  Oal. 

1921  Eddleman,  A.,  Ardmore,  Okla. 

1907  Eddy,  Charles  B.,  PlainAeld.  N.  J. 
1918  Eddy,  George  Simpson,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1914  Edelen,  T.  L..  Frankfort.  Ky. 

1922  Edelman,  Selig,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Edelaon,  Robert,  Chicago,  111. 

1921  Edens,    William,   Pocatello.   Ida. 

1922  Eder,  Morris,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1913  Eder,  Phanor  J..  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1908  Edge,  Lester  P.,  Spokane,  Wash. 

1921  Edgell,  Fred  I.,  Lincoln,  111. 

1922  Edgerton,   Edward  H.,  Rochester,  Vt 
1010  Edgington,  T.  B.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

1913  Edison.  H.  J.,  Kasson.  Minn. 
1922  Edmister,  0.  R.,  Marshalltown,  Iowa. 
1922  Edmiston,  Robert  L.,  Spokane,  Wash. 

1921  Edmonds.  Dean  S.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Edmonds,  Douglas  L..  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
1911  Edmonds.  Franklin  S.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 
1905  Edmonds,  Ssmuel  O..  New  York,  N.   Y. 

1914  Fdmonds.  Walter  D..  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1922  Edmondson,  Elmore  L.,  Brighton,  Iowa. 
1890  Edmonston,     William    E..     WashmgloSp 

D.  C. 

1913  Edmunds.  Jsmes  E.,  Lynchburg,  Va. 

1921  Edmundson,   W.    H.,   Fredonia,   Kan. 

1921  Edsall,  Benjsmin  F.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
(Newark.  N.  J.) 

1922  Edson,  Henry  F.,  Moorcraft.  Wyo. 
1902  Edson.  Joseph  R.,  Washington,  D.  a 
1911  Ed«on.  Walter  H..   Falroner.  N.   Y. 
1922  Edwards,  A.  J.,  Waterloo,  Iowa. 
1922  Edwards,  Arthur  M.,  Sante  Fe,  N.  M. 

1911  Edwards.  CUrence,  Elmhurst,  N.  Y. 

1912  Edwards.  Davis  W..  Louisville.  Ky. 
1922  Edwards,  Frank  W.,  Waterloo,  Iowa. 
1921  Edwards,  George  H.,  Darlington.  S.  C. 

1913  Edwards,   George  J..   Jr.,   Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

1916  Edwards.  George  L.,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

1920  Edwsrds,  H.   H.,  Msngum.  Okla. 
1013  Edwards.  H.  M.^cranton.   Pa. 

1921  Edwards,   HarolcAvm.,  Ely.   Nev. 

1922  Edwards,  Hsrry^  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1920  Edward*.  J.  C.   Nashville.  Tenn. 
1922  Edwards,  Keith  W.,  Fort  Sumner,  N.  U, 
1918  Edwards,  LeRoy  M.,  Los  Angles,  Cal. 
ions  F^wards.  Marion,  Seattle,  Waah. 

1921  Edwards,  Millard  F.,  Parkersburg,  Iowa. 
1921  Edwarda,  N.  Murry.  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1917  Edwsrds.  NIcholaa  M..  WilUamsport.  Pa. 
1913  Edwards.  O.  Elleiy,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1921  Edwards,  Thomas  Arthur,  Lake  Charlei, 

La. 

1912  Edwarda,  Veme  D.,  Kanaas  City,  Ma 

1920  Edwards,  Waldo,  Bevier,  Mo. 

loii  Edwards,  Walter  A.,  Providence,  R.  I. 


766 


AKSBIOAN  BAB  AS800IATI0N. 


ins  Bells,  Charles  P.,  San  Francisco,  CsL 

ion  Eguk,  James  F.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

im  Egan,  William  E..  Hartford,  Oomi. 

1921  EgertoD,  If.  W.,  Knoxville,  Temi. 

1912  Eggers,  Theodore  C,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1921  Egger^' William   A.,   Oincinnatl,   Ohio. 

1922  Eggleston,  John  S.,  Richmond,  Vs. 
1922  Eggum,  Ole  J.,  Whitehall,  Wis. 
1922  Eglcston,  Melville,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1911  Ehrhom,  Oscar  W.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1918  Ehrich.  Jesse  W.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1918  Ehrich,  llanfred  Wm.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1917  Ehringfasus.   J.    C.    B.,   Elizabeth   City, 

N.  C. 

1921  Ehrlich,  Harrj  E.,  Boston,  IfaM. 

1921  Ehrlich,   Harry  M..  Springfield,  Masi. 

1920  Ehrman,  8.  Lasker,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 
1916  Ehrman,  S.  M.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1921  Ehrmann,  Herbert  B.,  Boston,  Ifass. 
1914  Eichenauer,  John  B.,  Pittsburgh,  Ps. 

1918  Eichholz,  Adolph,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1910  Eickhoff,   Henry,   San   Francisco,    Cal. 

1921  Rfdson,   Arthur  R..  Hamilton.  Texas. 

1922  Eimer,  Garl  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1922  Eisler,  Charles  J.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
1922  Eisner,  Jerome,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Eisner,  Mark,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1911  Eisner,  Michael  L.,  Pittsfleld,  Mssa 

1912  Ekem,  Herman  L.  (Chicago,  HI.),  Madl- 

aon,  Wis. 

1921  Eklund,  E.  A..  Providence.  R.  I. 

1919  Eklund,  Herbert  E..  Providence,  R.  L 

1912  Ela,  Emerson,  Madison,  Wia. 
1916  Ela,  Richard.  Cambridgeport.  Mass. 
1921  Elcock,  Thomas  E.,  Wichits,  Ksn. 

1918  Elder,  Alexander  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1911  Elder,  Charles  B.,  Chicago,  HI. 
1911  Elder,  Charles  R.,  Boston.  Mass. 
1914  Elder,  Conway,  Jefferson  City,  Mo. 

1920  Elder,  Harry  H.,  Trenton,  Tenn. 

1919  Elder,  R.  H.,  Coeur  d*Alene,  Idaho. 
1914  Eldred,  A.  O.,  Warren.  Pa. 

1921  Eldred,  Charles  J|.,  McCook,  Neb. 
1916  Gldrrdge,  Clarenfe  F..  Boston,  Mass. 

1921  Eldredge,  H.  0.,  Waynesville,  Mo. 

1920  Eldredge,  Ralph  R.,  Marquette.  Mich. 

1922  Eldridge,  F.  Howard,  Chicago,  HI. 

1921  Eldridge,   Sidney   W.,   Elizabeth,   N.  J. 
1914  Elgin,  Frank  S..  Memphis,  Tenn. 
1901  Elgutter,  Charles  S.,  Omaha,  Nebr. 

1913  Eliot,  Amory,  Boston,  Mass. 
1895  Rliot.  Edward  C,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1921  Elkins,  Luther,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
1904  Elkus,  Abram  L,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1919  Ellender.  Allen  J.,  Hoiima.  La. 

1922  Eller,  Chester  J..  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 
1921  Ellery,  Climo  R.,  Cheyenne,  Wyo. 
1921  Ellett,  Guy  F..  Christiansburg,   Va.*' 


1911  Ellick,  Alfred  0.,  Omaha,  NiAr. 
1914  EUiff,  Charles  W.,  Dayton.  Ohio. 

1921  Ellinghausen,  Edwin  A.,  Sapulpa,  OMa. 
1896  Ellinwood,  Everett  E..  Bisbee,  Aria. 
1918  Elliot,  Albert  H.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
1920  Elliott,  Bruce  S.,  St.  Louia,  Mo. 

1922  Elliott,  O.  A.,  Sacramento,  Cal. 

1920  Elliott,   Charles  B.,   Columbis,  a    a 
1902  Elliott,  Charles  B.,  Minneapolis.  Minn. 

1917  Elliott,  George  A.,  Wilmington,  Del. 
1916  Elliott,  George  B.,  Wilmfaigten,  N.  C. 

1921  Elliott,   Gordon   L..   Des  Moines,   Iowa. 

1918  Elliott,  H.  E.,  Cleveland,  Ohia 
1914  Elliott,  James  D..  Sioux  Falls,  S.  D. 

1913  Elliott,  John,  New  Haven.  Conn. 
1921  Elliott,  John  M.,  Columbus,  Ohio. 

1914  Elliott,  John  M.,  Pine  Bluff.  Ark. 

1916  Elliott.  John  M.,  PeorU,  DL 

1914  Elliott,  Milton  C,  Washington,  D.  C. 

1921  Elliott,  Owen  N.,  Cedar  Radips,  Iowa. 

1912  Elliott,  Robert  L.,  Chicago,  111. 

1898  Elliott,  William  F.,  Indianapolis.  Ind. 

1922  Ellis,  Arthur  M.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
1922  ElUs,  0.  J.,  Jr.,  Rayville,  La. 

1906  Ellis,  Daniel  B.,  Denver,  Colo. 

1911  Ellis,  David  A.,  Boston,  Msss. 
1922  Ellis,  Edward  H.,  Oreybull,  Wyo. 

1919  Ellia,  Erl  R.,  Denver,  Colo. 
1921  Eliia,  G.  R.,  Amerfcus,  Oa. 

1921  Ellis,  George  Adams,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1907  Ellis,  George  W.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Ellis,  Howlrd,  Chicago,  HI. 
1919  Ellis.  John  A.,  Prescott,  Aria. 

1922  Ellis,  Kimpton,  Los  Angeles,  OsL 
1914  Ellis,  Overton  G.,  Tacoma,  Wash. 

1922  Ellis,     Ralph,     Jericho,     Long    Uaml, 

.ft  N.  T. 

1909  Ellis,  S.  D.,  Amite  City,  La. 

1917  Ellis.  T.  B.,  Jr..  Gainesville,  Pla. 
1922  Ellis,  W.  H.,  Riverside,  Cal. 

1919  Ellis.  W.  H.,  Tallahassee,  Fla. 

1912  Ellis,  Wade  H.,  Washington,  D.  O. 

1921  Ellison,  f.  O.,  Anamosa,  Iowa. 

1916  Ellison,  George  Robb,  Maryville,  Mo. 

1907  Ellison.  William  Bruce,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1918  Ellithorp.  Elias  H.,  Ssn  Luis,  Colo. 
1916  Ells.  John  H..  Boston.  Mass. 

1922  Ellsworth,  Fred  L.,  Minneapolis,  Mfm. 
1922  Ellsworth,    Oliver,   San   Frandaco,    Oal. 

1906  Ellsworth,  S.  E..  Jamestown.  N.   D. 

1921  Elmquist,   Charles  E.,   St    Paul,   Mina. 

1907  Elflberg.  Nathaniel  A.,  New  York.  N.  T. 

1922  Elsmer,  Solomon,  Hartford,  Conn. 
1921  Elston.  Charles  H.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1921  "Itlng,  Philip  U.,  Macomb,  111. 

1906  Elting,    Victor,  Chicago,   HL 

1920  Elvins,   Politte,  Bonne  Terre,  Mo. 
1918  Ely,  Henry  W.,  Westlleld,  Mass. 


▲LPHABBIIOAIi  LIST  OF  MBMBBBS. 


767 


1913  Elr,  JoMph  B.,  SpriagfieUI, 
1020  Ely,  L.  C,  KnozvlUe,  Tttn. 

1918  Emanue],  P.  k„  Aikes,  S.  0. 

191S  Embery,  Jo«pb  R.,  PhiUdelphla»  Pa. 

1922  Embrec,     William    Dean,     New    York, 

N.  T. 

ins  Eflobiy,  John,  Oklahoma  Gltj,  Okla. 

1910  Emenoa,  A.  Silver,  Boston,  Maak 

1907  Emenon,  George  H.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1920  Smcnon,  Georye  W.,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

1919  Bmerwn,  Robert  &,   Providence,   R.  L 

1914  Emery,  Frederick  L.,  BoBtoa,   Mam. 

1920  Emery,  8.  Plummer,  New  Oaatle,  Pa. 
1918  Bmmona,   Arthur  C,  Portland,  Oreivon. 
1922  Bmmooa,  Harold  Hunter,  Detroit,  Mich. 
1914  Emmona,    Harry,    Wilmington,    Del. 

1921  Eropey.  E.  E.,  Mobridge,  S.  D. 
1910  Empaon.  G.  R.,  Gladatone,  Ificbigan. 

1917  Bmrich,  Wm.  H.  Paulinf ,  Paria,  Franca. 
1914  Endelman,  Edward,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1910  Endicott.  William  C,  Boston,  Maa. 
1900  Endlich,  Goatav  A.,  Reading,   Pa. 

1918  Endaley,  H.  B.,  Johnatown.  Pa. 
1914  Engel,  Joaepb  G.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Engelbracbt,  Fred,  Jr.,  Berlin,  Wia. 

1919  England,  Edward  L.,  Chicago,  III 
1918  EngUnd,  Howell  8..  Detroit,  Mich. 

1910  England,  Milca  R.,  Pittaburgb,   Pa. 
1918  Englander,  8amuel,  Philadelphia,   Pa. 

1917  Englar,  D.  Roger,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Rnglebeck,  Amos  H.,  Akron,  Ohio. 

1920  Englert,  M.  J.,  Valley  City,  N.  D. 

1921  Ei«Ii^  0.  0.,  Dallas,  Texaa. 
1921  English,  Charles  H.,  Erie,  Penn. 

1911  English,  Conorer,  Newark,  N.  J. 
ion  English,  Frank  A.,  Elizabeth,  N.  J. 
1918  English,  John  K.,  Elizabeth,  N.  J. 

1921  English,  John  N.,  Pittsburg.  Penn. 
1906  English,  Lee  F.,  Chicago,  111. 

Ifl4  English,  Wslter  C,  Wsshington,  D.  0. 

ion  English,  William  E.,  IndUnapolis,  Ind. 

1911  Ennerer,  Thomss  C,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1989  Ennis^  C.   H.   Shawnee,  Okls. 

19S1  Eanis,   James  Ignatius,  Chicago,  111. 

1922  Ennia,  Hiomsa  Leland,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1918  Enoch,  Albert  B.,  Chicago,  111. 

1912  Enright,  John  J.,  Burlington,  Vt 
1911  Ensign,   Charles  8.,   Jr.,   Boston,   Maas. 
1918  Enslow,    Charlea   A.,   Janeaville,    Wis. 

1920  Epperson,  B.  H.,  Ada,  Okla. 

1910  Epperson,   Clyde   O.,   Denver,    Colo. 

1922  Epsteen,  Elbert  IL.  San  Fhmciaoo.  OaL 

1921  Erb,  J.  B.,  Chicago,  111. 

1914  Erckmann,  H.  L.,  Charleston,  8.  0« 

1918  Erd,  Charlea,  Clayton,  Mo. 

1920  Erlckson,  Clarence  A.,   Racine,  Wia. 

1922  Erickaon,  J.  B.«  Kalispell,  Mont. 

1921  Brland,  Henry  H.,  Chicago,  111. 

25 


1917  Ernst,  Xniag  L.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1912  Iftnat,    Rlofaard    P.    (Oovi]«toB,    Ky.), 

Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1921  Ernst,  Walter  E.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Errett,  Wm.  R.,  PittAurgh,  Penn. 
1022  Erakiae.  Bmmett  B..  StenbeoTflle.  Ohio. 
1020  Brakine,  Herbert  W.,  Sen  Frandaco.  CiO. 

1922  Erskine,  Morse,  San  Frandsoo,  Oil. 
1922  Enrin,  Spenoer,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
1917  Ervhi,  William  C,  HorganUm,  N.  C, 

1914  Erving,  Wm.  Van  R.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
1907  Erwin.  Frank  Alex.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1922  Erwin,  James  R.,  Jersey  Chtj,  N.  J. 
1921  Erwin,  John  E.,  Dixon,  HL 
1921  Erwin,  W.  C,  Wellston,  Okla. 
1912  Eschweiler,   F.   C,  Madison,   Wis. 

1921  Eskridge,  AUen  Tsylor,  Pulaski,    Va. 
t   1921  Eai,  Henry  N..   Kansaa  City,  Mo. 

1020  Essery,  Csrl  VanStone,  Detroit,  Mich. 
1907  Esterline,  Blackburn,  Washington,  D.  C. 
1920  Estes,  Joel  8.,  Oklahoma  aty,  Okla. 

1012  Estes,  W.  L.,  Texarkana,  Texaa. 

1013  Estudlllo.    Miguel,   Riverside.   Cal. 
1818  Btheridge,  Francis  Marion,  Dallas,  Texaa. 
1912  Ettelson,  Ssmuel  A..  Chicsgo,  111. 

1922  Ettinger,  U.  L.,  Colfax,  Wssh. 
1822  Buler,  Louis,  Los  Angeles,  Oal. 
1980  Evans,  Alvin  E.,  Wsshington,  D.  O. 

1910  Evana,  Andrew  F.,  Kanaaa  City.  Mo. 

1917  Evans,  D.  B.,  Moundaville,  W.  Va. 

1911  Evans,  Earle  W.,  WichiU,   Kana. 
1910  Evana,  Evan  A.,  Baraboo,  Wia. 
1018  Evans,  H.  G.,  Bonham,  Tex. 
1018  Evans,  Giles  Lincoln,  Fsyetteville.  Tenn. 
1018  Evans,  John  Lewis,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1014  Evana,  John  T.,  Chicago,  111. 

1915  Evans,  Joseph  F..  0|rH«>n.  I'tah. 
1082  Evans,  L^man,  Riverside,  OaL 
1008  Evana,   Lynden.   Chicago.   111. 

1017  Evana,  Marion  G.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 
1006  Evana,  Marvin,  Walla  WalU,  Waah. 
1013  Evans,  Montgomery,  Norriatown,  Pa. 

1021  Evana,  Perry.  8an  Francisco,  Oal. 

1018  Evana,  Peter  L.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1021  Evans,  Richard  V..  Birmingham,  Ala. 

1919  Evans,  Robert  E.,  DskoU  City,  Nebr. 
1910  Evens,  W.  F.,  St  Louis,  Mo. 

1920  Evans,  Walter  H.,  Portland,  Ore. 

1921  Evens,  William  B.,  Los  Angeles,  Ctel. 

1022  Evana,  William  H..  San  Diego.  Cal. 

1011  Evens,  William  L.,  Green  Bay.   Wis. 
1021  Evans,    William    P.,    Indianapolis,    hid. 
1021  Evana,  WUltam  8.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1914  Everts,    Frank  B.,   Cleveland,   Ohio. 
10|S  Evereat,  J.  H.,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 

1012  Everett,  Edward  W.,  Chicago,  111. 
1018  Everett,  R.  O.,  Durham,  N.  C. 

1918  Everett,  RusseU  M.,  Newark,  N.  J. 


768 


AMBBICAN   BAB  AS8O0IATI0N. 


■LBom 

1916  Everett,  &  J.,  OreenvIlK  N.  O. 

19M  EvcKtte,    Willif    Eugene,    Waalila«t«m, 
D.  O. 

1920  Bvemnftn,  Wetter  A.,  Toledo,  Ohio. 
1922  Bvereole,  Keith  0.,  Cklah.  OeL 

1907  Everaon,  John,   G1endalf>,   Cal. 
1922  Everte,  O.  L..  Fresno,  Oal. 

1918  EFerts,  William  P.,  Boston.  Maat. 

1918  Erins,   Robert  B.,  Oreenaboro,  Ala. 

1921  Ewbank,  Louis  B.,  Indianapolia,  Ind. 
1920  Ewfng.  A.  0.,  .'r..  Naahrille,  Tenn 

1908  Ewinir.    Arthur  W..   Madison,   Minn. 

1922  Ewing,  D.  8.,  Fresno.  Gal. 

1900  Ewlngr,  Hampton  D.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1911  Ewing.  Jamea  W.,  Wheeling,  W.  Va. 

1901  Ewing,  John  A.,  Denver,  Colo. 
1904  Ewing,  John  O.,  Washington,  D.  O. 

1914  Ewing,  Preal^  K.,  Houston,  Texas. 
1907  Swing,  Thomas,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1920  Ewing,   William   Howard,   NashviUe. 

Tenn. 

1920  Exby,  John,  Memphis.  Tenn. 

1921  Eyre.   Richard,  New  York,   N.  Y. 

1921  Ejnrich,  Oeorge  F.,  Jr.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1918  Eyster.  John  C.  Albany.  Ala. 
1907  Faber,  JjnnAr*  B..  Jamaica.  N.  Y. 

1922  Fabian,  Harold  Pi,  Salt  Lake  City.  Utah. 
1922  Ffece,  Dean  8.,  Coopersville.  Mich. 

1912  Fagan.    Joseph    P.,   Boston,    Maas. 
1922  Fagundo,  Francisco  Gonzales.  Humacao. 

P.  B. 

1915  Fahey,  Michael  H.,  Havre  De  Grace,  Md. 

1919  Fahey,  Michael  L.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1916  Fahey.  William  F.,  St.  Louls.Mo. 
1918  Fahy,  Thomas  A.,  Philadelphia.   Pa. 
1918  Fahy,   Walter  T..   Philadelphia,   Pa. 

1921  Fainll,  Herbert  R.,  Akron.  Ohio. 

1918  Falrbank,  Arthur  B.,  Sfome  Falls,  8.  D. 

1911  Fairchild.   Arthur  W.,  Milwaukee.  Wis. 

1922  Fairchild,  Charles  8.,  Cazenovia,  N.  Y. 

1917  Fairchild.  Edward  T.,  Milwaukee,  Wlsw 
1889  Fairchild,  H.  O.,  Green  Bay,  Wis. 

1915  Fhirlamb,   Millard.    Delta,  Colorado. 

1920  Fairman,    Chauncey   P.,    Christobal, 

Canal  Zone. 

1917  Faison,  Henry  Elias,  Clinton,  N.  O. 

1912  Faiaaler,  John,  Sycamore.  111. 

1914  Falck.  Alexander  D.,  ^Imira.  N.  Y. 

1920  Falconer,   Wdl   Annistead,   Fort  Smith, 

Ark. 

1921  Fales,  David,  Chicago,  HI. 

1921  Falge,  O.   J.,   Ladysmith,   Wia. 
1917  Faling,  Glenn  R.  Kalamazoo,  Mich. 

1916  Falk.  Leater  L.,  Chicago.  111. 

1922  Falk,  Samuel,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1917  Falkenhainer,  Victor  H..  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1891  Fall,  George  Howard,  Maiden,  Man. 
ms  Fallon,  John  J.,  Hoboken,  M.  J. 


suEorao 

1922  Fallon,  Joaeph  P.,  Baa  FraBciaco,  OU. 

1907  FAllows,  Edward  H.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1920  Fansler,  Michael  L.,  Logansport,  ImL 

1920  Fant.  L.  0.,  Holly  Springa,  Mia. 

1917  Farabougb,  W.  W.,  Memphis.  Tenn. 

1914  FaHs,  Charles  B.,  8t.  Louis.  Mo. 
1922  Faries,  David  R.,  Los  Angeles.  OaL 

1917  Farley.  Ebgene  F.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

1920  Farley,  John  W.,  Mcmpfaia,  Tenn. 
1911  Farley,  John  Wella.  Boston,  Mass. 
1922  Farley  O.  G.,  Pomeroy,  Wash. 

1921  Fftrmer,  Milton  T,,  San  Franctsoo,  OaL 
1921  Famam,  Albert  W.,  Newport,  Vt. 
1906  Famham,  Charles  W.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

1911  Famham,  Frank  A.,  Boaton,  Maas. 

1915  Famsworth,  P.  T.,  Jr.,  Salt  Lakt  City, 
UUh. 

1918  Famsworth,  Philip,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1916  Farquhar,  Otto  E.,  Pottsville,  Pa. 
1906  Farr,  George  W.,  Milea  City,  Mont. 

1914  Farrand,  George  E.,  Loa  Angeles,  CaL 
1921  Fsrrand,  John  D..  Fargo,  N.  D. 
1&20  Farrar.  Christy  M.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1921  Farrell,  Charles  H.,  Kalamazoo,  Midi. 
1021  Farrell,  George  T.,  Lisbon,  Ohio. 
1021  Farrell,  Robert  H..  CXiioago,  HI. 

1922  Farrell,  T.   A.,  Sacramento,  CaL 
1922  Farrell,  Thomas  J.,  New  York,  M.  T. 

1915  Farrelly,   Hugh   P.,  Chanute,  Kansas. 
1914  Farren,   James  J.,   Albany,   N.   Y. 

1916  Farrer,   J.    Arnold,   Boston,   Mass. 

1913  Fsrrington.  E.  8.,  Carson  City,  Nev. 
1916  Fsrrington,  John  S.,   Springfield,  Mo^ 
1918  Faasett,   Eugene  G.,  Chicago.   HI. 

1921  Faasett,  Lee,  Wellsville,  N.  Y. 

1914  Faught,  Albert  Smith,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

1922  Faulconer,  Oda,  Los  Angeles,  Oal. 

1912  Faulkner.    Charles   J.,    Martinsbanr» 
W.  Vs. 

1916  Faulkner,  Charles  J.,  Jr..  Chicago.  HI. 

1929  Faulkner,   Herbert  L..   Juneau.   AlaAn. 

1081  Faulkner,  Philip  H.,  Keene,  N.  H. 

1916  Faulks,  Frederick  J.,   Newark.   N.  J. 

1914  Fauntleroy,  Thomas  T..  St.  Looisb   Ho. 

1922  Fausett,  R.  J.,  Everett,  Wash. 

1916  Fsust,  Charles  L.,  St.  Joaeph.  Ma 

1914  Faust,    Frederick    De    C,    Wsshlagton. 
D.  C. 

1920  Faust.  John,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1918  Faust,  William  B.,  Mount  Carmel,  Pa, 

1921  FaviUe,  Frederick  F.,  Dea  Moinea,  Iowa. 

1919  Favour,  A.  H.,   Prescott,   Ariz. 

1920  Fawcett,  Lewis  L.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
1912  Fawsett,  Chariea  F.,  Milwaukee,  Wia. 

1921  Fay,  Edward  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1909  Fay,   Frank  &,   Mcridcn,   Cbon. 
1918  Fay,  Jease  B.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
IffU  Ffty,  WUUaa  H.,  Peabody,  UMm 


ALFHABBTICAL  LIST  OF  KBMBXB8. 


769 


lil4 


vm 


m4 

inx 
ms 
i9n 


im 


1914 


1917 

ifln 

1019 
191S 
1919 
1999 
1921 
1921 
1918 


1916 
1919 
1909 
1918 
1918 
1989 
1915 
1921 


1907 

1911 
1914 


1921 
1980 


1919 

19U 

1916 
1919 

1918 

i9n 

1918 
19U 


WwyttwmthKt^  Ctmrlm  S,,  Nmt  LatenMW 

N.  T. 
Fayaoux,  WtlUain  UtL,,  New  OtImm, 

Lt. 
Fearfaftke,  John  D.,  New  York.  N.  T. 
Fearoo,  OeoiYe  R..  SjmcuM,  N.  T. 
Fearont,  George  H.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
Featheratooe,  Albert  H.,  Wallace,  Idaho. 
Feaael,  W.  P.,  NaahTllle,  Arfc. 
Fee,  Fred,  Fort  Pierce,  Fla. 
Feeney,  A.  J.,  Jr.,  Maaon  CNty,  Iowa. 
Feeney,  John  P.,  Boetoa,   llaat. 
Fefen,  Nicholaa  A.,  Oak  Park,  HI. 
Fahrman,  Henry  J.,  Omaha,  Neb. 
Feibelman,  Itadore,  Indianapolla,  Ind. 
Fdck,  Carl  A.,  Newark,  N.  J. 
Feigfatner,  Mflo  N.,  Huntington,  Tnd. 
Feigia,  Hanld  H..  New  York,  N.  T. 
Felmater,  Walter  C,  Newton,  N.  C 
Felnberg,   MichaeU  Chicago,  IlL 
Feinberg,  Philip  J..  Boston,  Maaib 
Feiner,  Benjamin  F.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Fpfntrold.   Loula  E.,  Worrenter,  llaaa. 
Feiricfa,  Oharlea  B.,  Oarbondale,  111. 
Feldblum,  Adolph,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
Felder,  lliomaa  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Feldman,    8amae1,    Philadelirfila,    Pa. 
Felin  Leopoldo,  flan  Juan,  P.  R. 
Felix,  Harry,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
PellowB,  Donald,  Planklnton,  8.  D. 
FellowB,  Qrant,  Lanaing,  Mich. 
Fellowt,  Hubbard  F.,  Rapid  City,  N.  D. 
Felaenthal,  B11  B.,  Chicago,  lU. 
Felts,  B.  J.,  RuaieMIle,  Ky. 
Fennell,  Thomaa  F.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
Fennemore,  H.  M.,  Phoenix,  Arte. 
Fenner,  Charlei  Payne,  New  Orleana,  La. 
Fanning,    Frederick    A.,    Waahington, 

D.  C. 
Fanning,  Karl,  Waahiagton,  D.  C 
Penatenaaker,  Thomaa  A..  Philadelphia, 

Pa. 
FcBton,  Hector  T.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Fenton.   Walter  S.,  Rutland,  Yt 
Fentreaa,  Darld.  Memphia,  Tenn. 
FentrcBB,  Franda,  Memphia,  Tern. 
Fenwick,   Edward   TAylor,    Washington, 

D.  C. 
Feiber.  J.  Bernard,  Boaton,  Haaa. 
Ferdinand,  Arthur  G.,  Boaton,  Maia. 
Fereneik.  J.   P.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
FcrguB,  Robert  C,  Chicago,  IlL 
Ferguaoa,  Charlea,  Smithland,  Ky. 
Fefgnaon,  D.  Kiel,  Ocala,  Fla. 
Ferguaon,  Garland  8..  Jr.,  Waahington, 

D.  a 

Fergnaoo,  John  J.,  Oooncil  Bluib,  Iowa. 
Ferguaon,  Morria  M.,  Loa  Angelas,  OaL 
Ferguaon,  William  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


■LBCTBD 

1918  Ferguaon,  Wm.  B.  8..  Philadelphte,  Pa. 

1916  Ferguaon,  William  H.,  Denver,  Colo. 

1910  Ferguaon,    WlUlam    Paul.    Shenandoah, 
Iowa. 

1914  Ferme,  Antonio.  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1928  Pemald,  Fred  A.,  Beaton,  Maan 

1918  Femald,  Guatavua  8.,  Chicago,  01. 

1914  Femaell,  0.  O.,  Dover,  Ohio. 
1928  Ferrell,  Gilbert  D.,  BurUngame,  OaL 
IMl  Ferrell,  J.  A.,  Sedan,  Kan. 

1980  Fcfrenhach,  Edward  A.,  St.  Louie,  Mo. 
1916  FeiTia,  Forrest  G.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1915  Ferris,  G.  M.,  Spokane,  Waah. 

1921  Ferria,  George  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Ferria,  Joseph  W.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1911  Ferris,    T.    Harvey.    Utica,    N.    Y. 
1908  Ferrisa,  Franklin,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1918  Ferries,  Henry  T„  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1918  Ferries,  SUrk  B..  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1914  Feny,  L.  S.,  Topeka,  Kans. 

1981  Peny,  ManaBeld,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Feraon,  Merton  L.,  Washington,  D.  C 

1920  Fertach,  Charlea,  Hallettsville,  Texas. 
1897  Fealer,  J.  W.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

1916  Fesaenden,  Stirling,  Shanghai,  China. 

1921  Fetterhoff,  John  H.,   Whiting,  Ind. 
1921  Fetaer,  William  R.,  Chicago,  111. 

1917  Fenerbacher.  Max  W.,  St  Loula,  Ma 
1021  Feuquay,  0.  M.,  Chandler,  Okla. 
1921  Ficke,  C.  A.,  Davenport,  Iowa. 
1914  FIcken,  John  F.,  Oharlcaton,  S.  0. 

1919  Fickett,  Ralph  8.,  Boston,  Mass. 
18tt  Fidler,  George  B.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1916  Field,   Eliaa,   Boaton,   Masa. 
1902  Field,  Frank  Harvey,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1911  Field,   Fred  T.,  Boaton,  Masa. 

1921  Field,  H.  G.,  FarmerviUe,  La. 
1891  Field,  Heman  H.,  Chicago,  IlL 

1920  Field,  Lewis  L.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

1911  Field.    Neill    B.,    Albuquerque,    N.    M. 
1928  Field,  R.  Harriaon,  Kanaas  City,  Mo. 
1884  Flero,  J.  Newton.  Albany.  N.  Y. 

1922  Fifleld,  R.  A.,  Remington,  Va. 

1912  File,  Ashton,  Beckley,  W.  Va. 

1921  File,   W.    H.,   Beckley,   W.    Va. 
1921  Files,  F.  W.,  Pawhuaka,  Okla. 
1921  Fillatrault,  W.  W..  Ravenna,  Ohio. 
1928  Fillppini,  John  Y.,  Ban  Franeiaoo.  Oal. 

1913  Filley,  Frederick  C,  Troy.  N.  Y. 

1919  Fillius,  Richard  S.,  Denver,  Colo. 
190K  Finch,  Edward  R.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1928  Finch,  Fabiua  T.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1920  Finch,  Morton  E..  Memphis,  Tenn. 

1917  Finch,   W.   A.,  WUson,   N.  C. 
1990  Finch,  Wilbur  D..  Loa  Angelea,  CaL 
1981  Findlay,     Franda    T.,    Niagara    Falls, 

N.  Y. 

1980  Findlcy,  D.  L,,  St  Looia.  Mo. 


770 


AMBRICAN   BAB  ASSOOIATIOir. 


1921  Fine,   Hany   N.,   OrawfordariUe,   Ind. 

1919  Pine,  Reuben,  Ifartinsburff,  W.  Va. 

19S2  Finger,  Aaron,  Wilmington.  Del. 

1921  Fink.   Albert,  Chicago,   HI. 

1921  Pink,   George  E.,  Chicago,   111. 

1921  Finkelstein,  liax  J.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1921  Finkelstein,     Nathan    B.,     New     York, 
N.   Y. 

1919  Finkelston,  Max  R.,  Detroit,  Micfa. 

1920  Finlay,  Jamea  P.,  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 
1916  Finlayaon,  Frank  G.,  Loa  Angelee,  Cal. 

1921  Plnletter,     Tbomaa     D.,     PUladelpUia, 

Penn. 

1916  Finley,  James  W.,  Chanute,  Bans. 

1922  Finn.  O.  H..  LaGrande.  Ore. 
1921  Finn,    Richard  J.,   Chicago,   HI. 
1921  Finnegan,  Thomas  J.,  Chicago,  HI. 
1906  Finney,  A.  C,  Brawley,  Cal. 

1921  Finney,  J.  A.,  Xenia,  Ohio. 

1922  Firestone,  Charles,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Fisch,  Abraham  M..  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1921  Fischer,    Edward    Louis,    Kansas    City, 

Kan. 

1917  Fischer,  Frederic  L.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1919  Fischer,  Julius.  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1913  Fiset,  Franz,  Austin.  Texas. 
1921  Fish,  Eriand  F.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1913  Fish,  Frank  L.,  Vergennes,  Vt. 
1886  Fish,  Frederick  P.,  Boston,  Mast. 

1918  Fish.  Henry  E.,  Erie,  Pa. 

1912  Fish.  Irving  A.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

1914  Fish,  William  H.,  Atlanta.  Ga. 

1920  Fishbum,  J.  J.,  Muscatine,  Iowa. 

1921  Fisher,  Allan  H.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1921  Fisher,  Charles  C,  Marion,  Ohio. 
1914  Fisher,  Clarence  A.,  Canton,  Ohio. 
1911  Fisher,  D.  K.  Este.  Baltimore,  Md. 

1922  Fisher,  Eugene  I.,  Long  Beach,  Cal. 
1911  Fisher.   Frederic  A.,  Lowell,  Mass. 

1917  Fisher,  Frederick  Charles.  Manila,  P.  1. 

1918  Fisher,  George  H..  Philadelphia.  Pa. 
1908  Fisher.  George  P.,  Chicago,  111. 

1914  Fl«h€r.  Gordon.  Pittsburgh.   Pa. 

1922  Fisher,  Harry  G.,  Keyaer,  W.  Va. 

1921  Fisher,  Harry  M.,  Chicago,  III. 

1919  Fisher,   Hugh  T.,  Topeka,   Kan. 
1921  Fifiher,  J.  M.,  Kansas  City.  Mo. 

1921  Fisher,  J.  N.,  Carthage.  Tenn. 
1916  Fisher,  J.  Wilmer.  Reading,  Pa. 
1918  Fisher,  James.   Hackettstown,  N.  J. 
1914  Fisher,  John  J.,  Ba>'fleld,  Wis. 

1914  Fisher,  John  8.,  Indiana,  Pa. 

1899  Fisher,  Robert  J.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

1916  Fisher,  Samuel  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Fisher,  Samuel  J.,  Baltimore.  Md. 

1917  Fisher,   Samuel  W.,  Austin,  Texas. 
1921  Fiaher,  Walter  N..  St.  Loula.  Mb. 
1916  Fiafaer,  William,  Pensac^,  Fla. 


BL£CTKO 

1916  Fiaher,  WUliam  B.,  Sterena  Point,  Win 

1887  Fisher,  Wm.   Righter,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1918  Fftk,  Charlea  J.,  Minot,  N.  D. 

1916  Fiske,  Edmund  W.,  Sioux  FaUs,  S.  D. 

1922  Flake,  Kenneth  M.,  Ghicago,  IlL 

1921  Fitch,  Homer  L.,  Grayling.  Mick 

1920  Fitch,  Jamea  G.,   Socorro,   N.   M. 
1928  Fitch,  John  R..  FVeano.  CkL 

1921  Fitch,  Joaepb  H.,  Chicago.  III. 
1914  Fite.  Rufua  L.,  Georgetown.  Ohio. 
1981  ntton,  Oynia  J.,  Hamilton,  OUo. 

1916  Fitta,  Henry,  Chicago,  HI. 

1921  FitEgerald   A.   M.,   Sprlngileld,  HL 

1922  FttEg«rald,  Charles  F..  Chicago.   IlL 
1921  Fitsgerald,  Charles  J.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1917  Fitzgerald.    Comeliua    E..    QIcim   Fnlla, 
N.  Y. 

1909  FitzGerald,  David  E.,  New  Haven,  Cooa. 

1916  FitzGerald.  J.  J.,  Portland,  Ok. 

1918  FitzGerald,  Jamea  Regan,  New  York, 
N.  Y. 

1921  Fitzgerald,  John  M.,  Terre  Haute.  Ind. 

1922  Fitzgerald,  John  P.,  San  Joae,  Gal. 

1920  Fitzgerald,  Josefrii  M.,  Kearney,  Nebr. 

1918  Fitzgerald.  Robert  M..  Oakland,  CaL 

1916  Fitzgerald,  Roy  G.,  Dayton,  Ohia 

1919  Fitzgerald.  William  J.,  Scranton,  Pa. 
1919  Fitzgerald.  Wm.  T.  A.,  Boston.  Maai. 

1917  Fitzgibbon,  Heniy.  MeniAa.  Wi& 

1921  FitzHanry.  Louis,  Bloomington,  IB. 

1906  Fitzhugh,  G.  T.,  Memphis.  T^nn. 
1904  Fitzhugh,  Henry  L.,  Fort  Smith.  Ark. 

1919  Fitzhugh,  W.  H.,  Memphia,  Tenn. 

1918  Fitzpatrick.  E.  V.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

1919  Fitzpatrick.    Herbert,    Huntington.     W. 
Va. 

1921  Fitzpatrick,  John  Harold.  Sioux  PUli, 
8.  D. 

1922  Fitzpatrick,  John  L.,  Seattle,  Wash. 
1922  Fitzpatrick,  Merton,  HilU  Dale,  Mich. 

1916  Fitzpatrick,      William     Geo..      Detroit, 
Mich. 

1917  Fitzsimmons.  John  T.,  St.  Loula,  Mo. 

1907  Fitz  Simons,  W.  Hnger,  Charleaton,  8.  0. 

1920  Pixel,  Rowland  W.,  Detroit.  Mich. 

1920  Fizzell.   Robert  B.,  Kansaa  City,  Mm 
1922  Flagg.  Harry  W.,  Brockton,  Maaa. 
1914  Flaherty.  D.  J.,  Lincoln.  Nebr. 
1906  Flaherty,  James  A.,  Philadelphia,  Pn. 
1919  Flaherty,  William.  Boston,  Mass. 

1921  Flanagan,  Michael  J.,  Bridgeport,  Obbb. 
1921  FUnigan,  Edw.  J.,  Bisbee,  Aria. 
1911  Flannery,  Henry  C,  MinneapoUa,  Mian. 
1904  Flannery,  John  8.,  Waahington,  D.  O. 
1921  Flannery,  W.  H.,  Oatlettrtmrg,  Kj. 
1916  Flannigan,  Richard  C,  Norway,  Mich. 
1921  Flannigan,  Richard  J.,  Chicago,  HL 
1921  Flannigen,  Alexander,  East  8t  Louii^  DL 


ALPHABBTICAL  LIST  OF   MBKBSBS. 


771 


1022  FUtUi,  Qwrge  B.,  Rapid  City,  8.  D. 

19S0  F1eg»l.  A.  P.,  Portland,  Ore. 

1922  Fletecfaer,  Harold  &,  New  Torfc,  N.  T. 

1891  Fleischmann,  Simon,  Buffalo,  N.  T. 

1917  Fleitz,  Joseph  B.,  Wilkea-Barre,  Pt. 
1919  Fleminr,  Charlea  Seton,  Jackaontille, 

Fla. 

1911  Fleming,  Franda  P.,  JackaonTllle,  Fla. 

1904  Fleming,  John  D.,  Boulder,  Colo. 

1914  Fleming,  Matthew  O.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1911  Fleminf,  Runell  W.,  Fort  Collini,  Ck>lo^ 

1922  Fleminr*  W.  A.,  Scranton,  N.  D. 

1910  Fleming,  William  S.,  Shanghai,  China. 

1911  Flemming,  H.  H.,  Kingston,  N.  T. 

1922  Flemming,  Rohert  L.,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

1907  Fletcher.  Bertram  L.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1897  Fletcher,  D.  U.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

1921  Fletcher,   Elmer  H.,   Brockton,   Mass. 
1914  Fletcher,  Henry,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1914  Fletcher,  J.  Oilmore,  New  Toric,  N.  T. 

1910  Fletcher,  John  Storrs,   Chattanooga, 

Tenn. 

1982  Fletcher,  Kimball,  Los  Angeles,  OaL 

1919  Fletcher.  Raymond  B.,  Worcester,  Maaa. 

1912  Fletcher,  Robert  V.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1918  Fletcher,  Wm.  Meade,  SperryriUe,  Va. 

1913  Fletchinger,    Charles   F.,    New   Orleans, 

U. 

1906  Flewelling.  Albert  L.,  Long  Beach,  Gal. 

1908  Flexner,  Bernard,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Flick,  Edwin  H.,  Seattle,  Wash. 
1922  Flick,  James  P.,  Bedford,  Iowa. 

1911  Flint,  Albert  F.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1918  Flint,  Ftank  P.,  Los  Angeles,  Oal. 

1980  Flint,  William  Rlsley,  Loa  Angeles.  Oal. 

1918  Floan.  John  P..  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Flores,  Manual  Benitea.  San  Joan.  P.  R. 

1911  Flory.  Walter  L,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1916  Floumoy,  William  S.,  Kansaa  City,  Mo. 

1918  Floumoy,     William     W.,     De     Funiak 
Springs,  Fla. 

1911  Flowers,  George  W.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

1912  Flowers.  James  N.,  Jackson,  Mlaa. 
1922  Floyd,  Henry  B.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1928  Floyd,  Pauline  M.,  Waahington,  D.  O. 

1921  Fluent,  F.  C,  Butte,  Mont. 

1918  Flynn,  Edward  F.,  Derils  Lake,  N.  D. 

1916  Flynn,  John  M.,  Goenr  d'AIene,  Idaho. 

1917  Flynn,  J.  Wallace,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
1900  Flynn,  Leo  J.,  Waahington,  D.  O. 
1912  Foell,  Charles  M..  Chicago.  HI. 

1922  Foenter,  Roland  O.,  San  Franciaco,  OaL 
1921  Fogel,  Moe  M.,  Santa  Monica,  Oal. 
1980  Fogg.  H.  L,  El  Reno,  Oida. 

1918  Fogg,  Joseph  O.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1914  Fogle,  John  L.,  Chicago,  111. 

1921  Foley,  Andy  B.,  Watertown,  8.  D. 

1918  Fol«y,  Jamct  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


KLBCRD 

192U  Foley,  Jerome  J.,  Racine,  Wiai 

1922  Foley,   William  B.,  DenTsr,  Oolo. 

1917  Folger,  J.  H.,  Mount  Airy,  N.  0. 

1914  Folk,  Joseph  W.,  Washington,  D.  a 

1915  Folland,  Wm.  H.,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

1918  Follansbee,  Mitchell   D.,  Chicago,  IlL 
1918  Follett,  Edward  B.,  MarietU,  Ohio. 
1914  Folonie,  Robert  J.,  Chicago,  111. 
1918  Folsom,  Clarence  8.  T.,  Mezioo,  B.  F., 


1922 
1908 
1919 
1914 
1922 

1918 
1918 
1921 
1919 

1922 
1918 
1916 
1914 
1911 
1922 
1910 
1906 
1921 

1018 
1916 
1914 
1921 
1016 
1920 
1014 
1918 
1914 
1918 
1018 
1914 
1907 
1921 

1906 
1912 
1914 
1914 
1913 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1014 
1021 
1921 


Folsom,  Frederick  O.,  Boulder,  Colo. 
Folsom,  Myron  A.,  San  Frandsoo,  Cal. 
Folsom,  Richard  S.,  Chicago,  111. 
Folts,  Charles  J.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Folts,    dara   Shortridge,    Los    Angeles, 

OaL 
Fols,  Leon  H.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Folz,  Stanley,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Fontaine,   Fred,  Yakima,   Wash. 
Foord,  William  Malcolm,   Utchileld. 

Conn. 
Foot,  L  A.,  Helena,  Mont 
Foote,  E.  A.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
Foote,  Roger  L.,  Chicago,  III. 
Fopiano,  Albert  B.,  Boston,  Mass. 
Forbes,  J.  Grant.  London,  Eng. 
Forbes,  Lowell  L,  Mason  City,  Iowa. 
Forbuah,  Frank  M.,  Boston,  Maas. 
Force,  H.  C,  Seattle.  Wash. 
Forchheimer,    Landon    L,    CHnelnnatI, 

Ohio. 
Ford.  Carl  B.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
Ford,  Edmond  John.  Lawrence,  MaaSb 
Ford,  Joe  H.,  Houston,  Miss. 
Ford,  John  W.,  Youngstown,  Ohio. 
Ford,  Lawrence  A.,  Boston,  Man. 
Ford,  Michael  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Ford,  Richard  A..  Washington,  D.  C. 
Ford,  S.  8.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
Ford,  Thomas  J.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Ford,  Tirey  L.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Ford,  W.  J.,  Loa  Angelea,  Cal. 
Fordham,  Albert  C.,  Chicago.  IlL 
Fordham,  Herbert  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Fordyce,  Alexander  R.,  Jr.,  New  Yoik, 

N.  Y. 
Fordyce,  S.  W.,  St.  Louia,  Mo. 
Foreman,  Milton  J.,  Chicago,  HI. 
Forkner,  George  D.,  New  Castle,  Ind. 
Forlow,  Frank  L.,  Webb  City,  Mo. 
Forman,    William,   Tonopah,    Nev. 
Forrest,   Leiand  8.,    Dea  Moinea,  Idwa. 
Forrest,  William  8.,  Chicago,  III. 
Forstall,  James  J.,  Chicago,  IlL 
Forsyth,  Andrew  W..  Pittsburgh,  Penn. 
Fort,  Danoey.  Clarksville.  Tenn. 
Forte,  Felix,  Boston,  Maas. 
Fortier.  James  J.  A.,  New  Orleans,  La. 


772 


AMERICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


PoHaon,  B.  W.»  Arliocton,  Qa. 
f^rtwD*  Blftoton,  Atheai,  Oa. 
Fortune,  James  W.,  Jeffenonvlllc,  bid. 
Forward,  John  F.,  Hartford,  Conn. 
Foidick,  Frederick  W.,  Bost4Mi,  Man. 
f^didc.  Raymond  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Foakett,  Walter  W.,  Legansport,  Ind. 
Fomea,  G.  A.,  MonteWdeo,  Minn. 
F08B,  Emeat,  Newburjrport,  Maaa. 
Foater,  Alfred  D.,  Boston,  lUfls. 
Foster,  Carl,  Bridi^port,  Conn. 
Foster,  Charlea  E.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 
Foster,  Charlea  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Foster,  E.  A.,  Chandler,  Okla. 
Foster,  E.  O.,  Huntsrille,  Tenn. 
Footer,  E.  H.,  Okmulgee,  Okla. 
Foster,  Frank  H.,  Cordova,  Alaaka. 
Foater,  Fred  C,  Lincoln,  Nebr. 
Foster,  Frederick,  Boston,  Mass. 
Foster,  George  A.,  Johnstown,  Pk. 
Fosttf,  George  Nimmona,  Lincoln,  Neb. 
Foster,  Henry  H.,  Lincoln,  Neb. 
Foster,  J.  Manley,  Tuscaloosa,  Ala. 
Poster,  Orville  H.,  Jr.,  Detroit,  Midi. 
Fbster,  Phil  B.,  Del  Rio.  Texas. 
Foster,   Reginald,  Boston,  Maaa. 
Foster,   Roger,   New   York,   N.   T. 
Foster,  Rufua  E.,  New  Orleans,  La. 
Foater,  Stephen  A.,  Chicago,  111. 
Foater,  Stephen  E.,  JackaonviUe,  Fla. 
Foster,  W.  W.,  Vallejo,  Gal. 
Foster,  Walter  H.,  Boston.  Maaa. 
fy>aldi,  E.  J.,  San  Francisco,  CaL 
Foulk,  Tom  B.,  Wheeling.  W.  Va. 
Fonlke,  B.   L.,   Wichita,   Kan. 
Foulston.  Robert  C,  Wichita,  Kana. 
Fountain,  Edmund  Jonea,  Jr.,  Houston, 

Tezaa. 
Fountain,  R.  T..  Rocky  Mount,  N.  G. 
Fourt.  Edgar  H.,  Lander,  Wyo. 
Fourtner,  August  L.,  San  Francisco.  Oal. 
Fowler,  Adu'.ion  J.,  Denver,  Colo. 
Fowler,  Carl  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Fowler,  Charles  R..   Minneapolis.   Minn. 
Fowler,  Frederick  W.,  Laconia,  N.  H. 
Fowler,  Harley  G.,  Knoxvllle,  Tenn. 
Fowler.  James  A..  Rnoxville.  Tenn. 
Fowler.  Leonard  B..  Carson  City,  Nev. 
Fowler.   W.  Thomaa,  Jacksonville,   Fla. 
Fowler,  William  Everett,  Westborough, 


19S0 
1914 
1921 
1916 
1919 
19n 
1980 
1906 
191S 
1801 
1914 
1895 
191S 
1921 
1921 
1914 
1921 
1914 
1911 
1913 
1921 
1914 
1917 
1920 
1921 
1891 
1890 
1914 
1912 
1921 
1922 
1916 
1922 
1921 
1921 
1916 
1922 

1917 
1920 
1922 
1913 
1912 
1906 
19S2 
1920 
1910 
1921 
1922 
1922 


1921  Fowles,  James  H..  Columbia,  8.  G. 

1919  Fox,  Alfred  G.,  Bluefield,  W.  Va. 
1881  Fox,  Austen  G.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1920  Fox,  Ctrl.  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1914  Fox,  Carlton.  Wallace,  Idaho. 
1920  Fox,  Charles  N.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 
1900  Fox,  Edward  J..  Easton,  Pa. 


10i7  Fox,  Fred  L.,  Sutton,  W.  Va. 

1990  Fox,  Gladys  F.,  Sterling,  Coku 

1918  Fox,  Henry  I.,  Norristown,  Pa. 
1921  Foz»   Horace  M.,    Roanoke,    Va. 

1919  Fta,  Isidor,  Boston,  Mass. 

1919  Fox,  Jabes,  Cambridge,  Maas. 

1921  Fox,  Jacob  Logan,  Chicago,  HI. 
1914  Fox,  John  E.,  Harriaburg,  Pa. 

1920  Fox,  John  McO.,  MUwaukee.  Wis. 

1922  Fox»  Robert  J.,  New  York,  N.  7. 

1920  Fox,  Wilmer  T..  Jeffersonville,  lad. 
1922  Fradenburg,  Joseph  B.,  Omaha,  Neb. 

1918  Frailey,  Charlea  L.,  Waahington.  D.  O. 

1921  Frailey,  Joseph  R.,  Fort  Madison,  Iowa. 
1921  Frame,  Harvey  J.,  Waukesha,  Wia. 

1921  Frame,  John  S.,  Fargo,  N.  D. 

1922  Franc,  Jamea  J.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1911  France,  Jacob,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1921  Franoe,  J.  G.,  Tipton,  Iowa. 

1911  France,  Joaeph  0.,  BalUmora,  Md. 

1921  Fraachott,   Edward   E..   Niagara  Falls. 

K.  Y. 

1917  Francia,  James  D.,  Huntington,  W.  Va. 

1919  Francia,  Robert  J.,  Petersburg.  Va. 
1914  Francia,  W.  H..  Dallas,  Texaa. 

1922  Frands,  Wirt»  San  Diego,  Oal. 
1921  Frank,   Alfred  Swift.  Dayton,  Ohio. 

1921  Frank,   Bernhardt,   Chicago,   111. 

1912  Frank.  David  A..  Dallaa,  Tax. 

1911  Frank,  Eli.  Baltimore,  Md. 
1914  Frank,  Hsrry  A..  St.  Louia,  Mo. 

1922  Frank,  Herman  M.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1919  Frank.  J.  D.,  Dallaa,  Tex. 

1919  Frank,  Jerome  N.,  Chicago*  IlL 

1921  Frank,  John  G.,  Akron,  Ohio. 
1914  Frank,  Julius  J.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1920  Frank,  Lena,  St  Louia,  Mo. 

1922  Frank,  P.  H.,  Waterloo*  Iowa. 

1918  Frankel,  Frederick,  Cleveland.  OIiIa. 

1912  Frankel,  Hiram  D.,  St  Paul,  Mlna. 

1906  Frankel,  Louia  R..  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
1918  Frankel,  Philip,  CleveUod.  Ohio. 

1920  Frankel,  William  Walter,  New  Yorit. 

N.  Y. 

1914  Frankenberg,  Hemy  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Frankenthaler,  Allied,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1921  Ftankenthaler,  George,  New  York.  N.  T. 
1011  Frankfurter.  Felix,  Cambridge.  Mass. 

1920  Franklin,  Ooamell  S.,  Shanghai,  China. 
1917  Franklin.  George  &,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1907  Franklin,  Ruford,  Summit,  N.  J. 

1912  Franklin,  Thomas  H.,  Ban  Antonio,  Tex. 

1922  Franta,  J.  Andrew,  Lancaster,  Pa. 
1910  Frantx,  John  Henry,  Knoxville,  Tena. 

1921  Fraaer,   Andrew  A.,  New  York,   N.    T. 
1921  Fraaer,  Arthur  G..  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1900  Fraaer,  Donald,  Fowler,  Ind. 

1007  Fraaer,  Georga  G.,  New  York*  N.  Y. 


ALPHABETICAL   LIST   OF    BiSMBSBS. 


778 


m4 

1S14 
19S8 
IfflS 

ins 
ins 
ins 

IMS 
1014 

in? 

1922 
1919 
1910 
1914 
WB 
1«17 
191« 
19tt 
19» 
19tt 
1908 
1921 


Iflt 
1918 


1918 
19tl 
lfl9 
19U 


un 


19U 

i9n 

1918 


1918 
liU 


1907 
IfU 
1980 
1908 
1917 


1988 


un 


Pnaer,  T.  B.,  Sumter,  &  O. 
Tnatr,   William   C,   Omaha,    Nebr. 
FrttCHt,  Paul  P.,  Baa  Frandaoo,  OaL 
Praucntbal,  Samuel,  Uttle  Rock,   Ark. 
Prawlej,  Edward  J.,  Boise,  Idaho. 
Fraier,  John  P.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
Frazcr,  John  0.,  Pittaburgh,  Pa. 
Fraxcr,  0.  B.,  San  Juan,  P.  R. 
Ftaser,  Robert  &,  Plttaburgb,  Pa.  • 
Prazicr,  C.  Clilford,  Greensboro,  N.  0. 
Frader,  Florien  P.,  Zanetville,  O. 
nracier,  J.  V.,  Sapulpa,  Okla. 
Prader,  Joaeph  W.,  Tampa,  Fla. 
Fraxier.  Robert,  Mechanica^lle.  N.  T. 
Prear,  Theodore  Du  Bote,  Viniu,  OUa. 
Frear,  Walter  P.,  Honolulu,  Hawaii. 
Freaae,   Hany,  Canton,  Ohio. 
Frederick,  Karl  T.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Frederick,  Rock  D.,  Whiteflah,  Mont 
Predoicka,  John  O.,  Loa  Anffelea,  Cal. 
Predericka,  John  T.,  Williamsport,   Pa. 
Preebey,  Harriet,  Waahington,  D.  C. 
Freed.  Edgar,  Portland,  Oreg. 
Frecdroan,  Joaeph  M.,  Memphia,  Tenn. 
Freehaler,  Albert  L.,  Payette,  Idaho. 
Freeman,  Charlea  R.,  Checotah,  Okla. 
Freeman,  Charlea  Y.,  Qiicago,  111. 
Freenan,  Franklin,  Leominater,  MaaL 
Freeman,  0.  R.,  tciveraide,  Cal. 
Freeman,   Harriaon  B.,   Hartford   Conn. 
Freeman,  John  Miller,  Pittaburgh,  Pa, 
Freeman,  Robert  R.,  Milwaukee,  Wia. 
Freer,  Robert  Elliott,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
Freeae,  John  Henry,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
FVefberg.  A.  J.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
Freiberg,  Leonard  H.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
Frdtaa,  Law.  T.,  Stockton,  OaL 
French.  Aaa  P.,  Boaton,  Maaa. 
Prendi,  Burton  L.,  Waahington,  D.  C 
French,   Charlea  Newton,   Chicago,   IlL 
French.   D.   E.,   BluHleld,   W.   Va. 
French,  George  A.,  RiTeraide,  GaL 
Frtnch,  H.  Nelaon,  Sacramento,  OaL 
French,  J.  Conner.  Trenton,  N.  J. 
Fivnch,  Leroy  N.,  Reno,  Ner. 
French,  Preaton  O.,  Oallaa,  Tfx. 
French,  Samuel  H.„  Loa  Angelea,  Cal. 
French,   Thomaa   E.,   Camden,    N.   J. 
Freachi,  John  J.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
Freund,  Arthur  J.,  St  Louia,  Mo. 
Ficund,  Emat,  Chicago,  IlL 
Prey,  A.  B.,  St.  Louia,  Mo. 
Preyer,  A.  B.,  Shrereport,  La. 
Fribourg,  Arnold  L.,  Sioux  City,  Iowa. 
Prick,  George  Arnold,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Mdman,  William  M.,  Cincinnati.  Ohia 
Fried,  Joaeph,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
IMadBMm.  Arthur  F..  Denver.  Colo. 


1921  Friedman,  Darid,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Friedman,  Harry  H..  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1921  Friedman,  Herbert  J.,  Chicago,  111. 

1908  Friedman,   Lee  Max,   Boaton,  Maaa. 

1018  Friedman,   Simon  Q.,   Worceater,   Maaa. 

1921  Friedman,  William,  Chicago,  IlL 

1922  Friedman,  William,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1922  Friedman,    William    Frederick,    Minne- 
apolia.  Minn. 

1921  Friedmeyer,  John  G.,  Springfield,  111. 

1917  Friedrlch,  Charlea  H.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1911  Priedricha,   Cari  C,    New   Orleaw,   La. 

1912  Friend,  Charlea,  Milwaukee,  Wla. 

1918  Friend.  F.  C,  aeveland,  Ohio. 
1900  Friend,  Hugo  M.,  Chicago,  UL 

1910  Frieraon,  Charlea  D.,  Joncaboro.  Ark. 

1910  Frieraon,  Jamea  Nelaon.  Columbia*  S.  O. 
1918  FrierMU,  John  P.,   Columbua,   Miaa. 
1918  Priea.    Henry    K.,   Philadelphia.    Pa. 

1922  Prioux,  George  E.,  Stockton,  CaL 

1911  Priabee.  Emeat  L.,  Buffalo.  N.  Y. 
1018  Fritch.  E.  D.,  Akron,  Ohio. 

1921  Pritx,    Alfred    J.,    San    Franeiaco,    Cal. 

1921  Pritzel,  C.  C,  DeSmet,  8.  D. 

1918  Frohman,  Isaac,  San  Frandaco,  GaL 

1921  Froat,  Alfred  S..  Kalamazoo.  Mich. 

1922  Froat,  C.  A.  S.,  San  Franeiaco,  OaL 

1919  Froat,  D.  R.,  St  Paul,  Minn. 

1917  Froat,    Daniel    Eugene,    Sterena   Point, 

WU. 

1922  Froat,  Donald  McKay,  Boaton,  Maaa. 

1902  Froat,  E.   Allen.  Chicago.  111. 

1898  Froat,  Edward  W.,  Milwaukee.  Wia. 

1911  Froat    Frank   R..   Charleston.  8.   C. 

1919  Froat,   Frederic  W.,   New  York,   N.   Y. 

1918  Froat   G.   Frederick,   Providence,   R.   L 
1918  Froat,  Henry  R.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1918  Froat,  Hildreth.  Colorado  Springs,  Cole. 
1916  Froat.  Ralph  Aldom,  Hankow,  China. 

1919  Froat   Robert  W.,  Beaton.   Maaa. 
1918  Frost.  W.  Louis,  Providence,  R.  L 
1916  Frothingham,  Randolph,  Boaton,  Maaa. 
1918  Frothingham,   Theodore  L.,   New   York. 

N.  Y. 

1916  Prumberg,  A.  M.,  St.  Louia,  Mo. 

1922  Fry,  H.  Ray,  San  Joae,  Cal. 

1918  Fry,  Henry  Edmond.  Boone,  Iowa. 

1918  Pry,  John  H.,  Denver,  Colo. 

1914  Fry,  W.  W.,  Jr.,  Mexico.  Mo. 

1920  Fuhr.  Robert  E.,  Paragould,  Ark, 
1922  Pulkirth,  L.  A.,  Modeato,  CaL 
1920  Fullen,  Louia  O.,  Ruawell,  N.  M. 

1906  Fuller,  E.  Dean,  Douglaaton  Park,  L.  L 

N.   Y. 

1990  Fuller,  Emeat  Michael,  Detroit.  Mich. 

1914  Fuller.  Frederic  E.,  Seattle,  Waah. 

1920  Fuller,  Howard  G..  Pierre,  S.  D. 

1911  Fuller.  Jonea.  Durham.  N.  0, 


774 


AMSBICAN  BAB  A8SO0IATIOK. 


■LSOTIB 

1912  FuHer.  PbUIp  H.,  Hastings,  Nebr. 

1912  Fuller,  Pierpont,  Denver,  Colo. 
1921  Puller,  Samuel  A.,  Brookline,  Mbsb. 
1911  Fuller,    Tbomss    Staples,     New    York, 

N.  Y. 

1906  Fullerton,  wailam  D.,  Palo  Alto,  Oal. 

1918  Fulton,  Arthur  W.,  Chicago,  III. 

1911  Fulton,  Minitree  Jones,  Richmond,  Va. 

1921  Fulton,     Robert     Benjamin,     Florence, 

8.  O. 

1921  Fulton,  Robert  M.j  Los  Angeles,  CaL 
1906  Fulton,  Walter  S.,  Seattle,  Wash. 
1914  Fulweiler,  John  M.,  Auburn,  Cal. 

1911  Fulwood,   a   W.,   Tffton.   Ga. 

1922  Funke,  H.  W.,  Sacramento   Cal. 

1921  Furber,  Charles  S.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1913  Furber,  Fred  N.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

1912  Furlong,    William   E.,    Milwaukee,    Wis. 

1913  Furman,    Daniel  G.,   Swanton,    Vt. 

1911  Furry,  J.   B.,  Muskogee,  Okla. 

1922  Furst,  Michael,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

1906  Furst.    William,    Minneapolis,    Minn. 
1922  Futch,  Truman  0.,  Leesburg,  Fla. 

1920  Futrell,  J.  M.,  Paragould.  Ark. 

1912  Fyffe,   Colin   C.    H.,   Chicago.    111. 
1^  Gaass,  George  0.,  Pella,  Iowa. 
1901  Gabbert,  William   H.,   Denver,  Colo. 
1922  Gabriel,  John  H.,   Denver,  Colo. 
1922  Gabrielson,  Vemer,  Ft.   Dodge,  Iowa. 

1916  Gadd.  N.  T.,  Broken  Bow,   Ncbr. 
1922  Gaddis,  Byron  E.,  Sacramento,  Cal. 

1917  Gadsden,  Philip  H.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1921  OafTney,  B.  F.,  New  Britain,  Conn. 
1911  Gaffy,  Loring  E.,  Pierre,  S.   D. 

1918  Gafill,    John   J..    Jr.,    Detroit.    Mich. 
1921  Gagan,  Thomas,  Haverstraw,  N.  Y. 

1920  Gage,  John  B.,   Kansas  City,  Mo. 
1911  Gage,  Thomas  Hovey,  Worcester.  Mass. 

1921  Gager,    William    Williams,    Waterbury, 

Conn. 

1921  Gaggstatter,   Henry  D.,  Columbus,   Ga. 

1922  Gagliardi,  S.  A.,  Tacoma,  Wash. 

1907  Gaillard,  William  D.,  Now  York,  N.  Y. 
1922  Gaines,  Francis  S.,  Omaha,  Neb. 

1922  Gaines,  Frank  H.,  Omaha,  Neb. 

1919  Gaines,   Frederick  W.,  Toledo.  Ohio. 
1918  Gaines,  J.  B.,  Tallahassee,  Fla. 
1921  Gaither,  E.  H.,  Harrodsburg,  Ky. 

1917  Gaither,  E.  L.,  Mocksville.  r    C. 

1914  Gaither,    Paul    H.,   Greensburg,   Pa. 
1906  Gaitskill.  Bennett  S.,  Girard.  Kans. 

1911  Galbraith,   Clinton    A.,   Oklahoma   City, 

Okla. 

1921  Galbraith.  J.  I..  Henderson.  Tenn. 

1912  Galbraith,  John  P.,  St.    Paul,  Minn. 
1921  Galbraith,  William  J.,  Calumet,  Mich. 
1906  Gale,    Edward    C,    Minnenpolis,    Minn. 

1918  Gallager,  Francis  G.,    Philadelphia,   Pa. 


1921  Gallagher,  Andrew  C.  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1922  Gallagher,   Arthur  Gorman,   New  York, 

N.  Y. 

1928  Gallagher,  Harold  J.,  New  York,  M.  Y. 

1922  Gallagher,  James  J.,  Fresno,  Cal. 

1982  Gallagher,  John  E.,  Tacoma,  Wash. 

1912  Gallagher,  Michael  F.,  Chicago,  111. 

1921  Gallagher,  R.  F.,  Beach,  N.  D. 

1907  Gallagher,  Thomas  F.,  Fitchburg,   Mass. 

1919  Gallagher,  Thomas  P.,  Terre  Haute.  Ind 

1920  Gallagher.  William  Henry,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1922  Gallatin.  Francis  D.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1907  Gallert.  David  J.,  New  York,  N.   Y. 

1921  Galpin,  Harris  E.,  Muskegon,  Mich. 
1907  Galston,  Clarence  G.,  New  York,   N.   Y. 

1922  OaMn,  John  A.,  Fillmore,  Oal. 

1922  Galvin,  John  M.,  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa. 

1921  Galvin,    M.    F.,   Cincinnati,    Ohio. 

1916  Gamble.   Emmet   R.,   Kansas  City,   Mo. 

1922  Gamble,  Harry,  New  Orleans,  La. 

1920  Gamble,  J.  G.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

1921  Gamble,  John  B.,  Athens,  Ga. 

1922  Gamble,  Ralph  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1917  Gamble,  Robert  J.,  Sioux  Falls,  S.  Dak. 

1921  Gamewell,  W.  L,  Dalhart,  Texas. 

1922  Gammans,  Nelson,  San  Juan,  P.  R. 
1916  Ganahl,  Alphonse  E.,  Corona.  Oil. 
1922  Gandy,  Uoyd  E.,  Spokane,   Wash. 
1907  Gandy,  Newton  S.,  Riverside,  CaL 

1919  Gann,  David  B.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1918  Gann,  Edward  B.,  Washington,  D.  O. 

1919  Gannaway,  Herbert,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

1920  Gannaway,    Malcolm    W.,    Little    Rock, 

Ark. 

1914  Gannon,  Frank  8.,  Jr.,  Brooklyn,  N.  T. 

1921  Gannon,  George,  Chicago,  111. 

1922  Gannon,  William  R..  Jersey  Oity,  N.  S. 

1920  Ganoe.  F.  W.,  Boone,  Iowa. 

1907  Gans,  Howard  S.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1914  Gsntt,  E.  8.,  Mexico,  Mo. 

1920  Garber,    M.   C,   Enid,  Okla. 
1982  Garberg,  P.  B.,  Hettinger,  N.  D. 
1922  Garberson,  W.  0.,  Siblej,  lowm. 
1916  Garcelon,  Alonzo  H.,  Boston,  Msss. 
1911  Garcelon,  William  F.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1913  Gardiner,  George  H.,  New  Yorh,  N.  T. 
1916  Gardiner,  George  N.,  New  Bedford,  Mass. 
1916  Gardiner,  P.  D.,  WichiU,  Kans. 

1918  Gardiner,   Robert  H.,   Gardiner.   Maine. 

1919  Gardiner,  Robert  H.,  Jr.,  Boston,  Masa. 

1913  Gardiner.  W.  Gwynn,  Washington,  D.  C. 
1922  Gardiner,  W.  M.,  Reno,  Nev. 

1921  Gardiner,  William  Tudor,  Gardiner,  Me. 

1914  Gardner,  A.  B.  L.,  Clayton,  Mo. 
1911  Gardner,  A.  K.,  Huron,  S.  D. 

1921  Gardner,   Addison  L.,   Chicago.  III. 

1914  Gardner,    Alonso  M.,    Richmond,   Ind. 

1906  Gardner,  C.  P.,  Mendota,  111. 


ALPHABETIOAL  LIST  OP  HBHBSB8. 


776 


19tt  Oudaer,  S.  &,  Ventim,  Otl. 

19S1  Otrdner,  Qtrngt,  Wichita,  Kao. 

19S1  Qardner,  Henry  A.,  Chioago,  111. 

1902  Gardner,  John  IC.  New  York,  N.  T. 

ins  Qardner,  Perpy  W.,  ProWdence.  R.  L 

1905  Qardncr,  Batkbone»  ProTidenoe,  R.  1. 

191S  Gardner,  Biehard  N.,  SUplet,  Iffam. 

1981  Gardner,  Robert  D..  Britton,  S.  D. 

1928  Gareia,  Armin  J.,  MinBeapolia,  Minn. 

1980  GareKhe,  Edroond  A.  B..  St.  Louia,  Mo. 
1911  GarcKdie,  Vital  W.,  St  Louis,  Mo. 

1920  Qarcj,  Earl  J.,  Chicago,  IlL 
1918  Qare7»  Kugene  L.,  Chicago,  IlL 

U97  Garfield,  Harry  A.,  Williametown,  Ma«. 

1918  Garfield,  Inrin  McD.,  Botton.  Maai. 

1897  Garfield,  Janet  R.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1988  Garfield,  John  M.,  Cleveland,  O. 

1914  Garland,  Francia  P.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1914  Gaman,  John  M.,   Wilkes-Barre,   Pa. 

1981  Gamer,  H.   Noel,  Alexandria,  Va. 

1980  Gamer,  John  E.,  Springfield,  Tenn. 

1981  Gamer,  John  F.,  Quinc7»  111- 

1981  Gamer,  Millred  0.,   New  York,   N.   Y. 

1918  Gamett,  Charles  L.,  Columbus,  Miss. 

1918  Gamett,  Theodore  S.,  Norfolk,  Va. 

1908  Garrecht,   P.    A.,   Spokane,    Wash. 

1918  Garretaon,  Garret  J.,  Elmhurst.  N.  Y. 

1988  Garretaon,  Hiram  F.,  Tacoma,  Wash. 

1918  Garretaon,  Leiand  B.,  Morriatown,  N.  J. 

1981  Garrett,  Bruce  H.,  Rockford,  111. 

1988  Garrett,  Edwin  E.,  Leesburg,  Va. 

1981  Garrett,  George  L.,  Hillsboro,  Ohio. 

1918  Garrett,  George  Palmer,  Kissimmee,  Fla. 
1914  Garrett,  H.  S.,  Fort  Worth,  Texas. 
1981  Garrett,  Thomas,  Jr.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1919  Garrigues,  James  E.,  Denver,  Colo. 
1988  Garrison,  Oarlyle,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

1918  Garriaon,  Lindley  M.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1914  Garry,   Thomas  H.,    Clevpland,   Ohio. 

1919  Garst,  Joseph,   Douglas,   Wyo. 
1981  Garten,  Stanley,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1921  Gartner,  Karl  Knox,  Waahington.  D.  C. 
1889  Gartside,    John    M.,    Fort    Lauderdale, 

Fla. 

1981  Oarta.  Victor  E.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1088  Garvan,  Francia  P.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1982  Garven,  Pierre  P..  Bayonne,  N.  J. 

1922  Oarver,  Ohannoey  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1907  Garrer,  John  A..   New  York,   N.   Y. 

1981  Garver,  Leonard,  Jr.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1918  Garvin,  Edwin  L,  Brooklyn,   N.   Y. 

1982  Oarvin,  H.  8|ylve8ter.  Spokane.  Waah. 
1980  Garvin,  L.  E.,  Marquette,  Mich. 

1881  Garvin,  Walter  B.,  Chattanooga,  Tann. 

1904  Garvin.  William  E..  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1980  Garwood,  Omar  E«,  Denver,  Colo. 

1914  Gary,  Elbert  H.,  New  York,  N.  y. 

1914  Gaiy,  Sngane  B.,  Abbeville.  &  C. 


1919  Gary,  Frank  B.  H.,  Boaton,  Maas. 

1918  Gary,    Hampeon,    Waahington,    D.    O. 

1918  GaakiU,  Edmund  C.  Jr.,  Atlantic  City, 

N.  J. 

1918  Gaskill,  Robert  &,  Mount  HoUy,  N.  J. 

1981  Qaakill,  Roy  &,  Chicago,  111. 

1917  Gasser,  Roy  C,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1911  Cast,  Robert  8.,  Pueblo,  Colo. 
1908  Gaston,  0.  0.,  Everett,  Wsah. 

1918  Gaston,  William  A.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1914  Gatch,  Uwia  N.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1918  Oatea,  Andrew  P.,  Hartford,  Conn. 
1981  Gates,   Oaasius  E.,   Seattle,   Waah. 
1981  Gates,   Edward  E.,   Indianapolis,   Ind. 
1918  Gates,   Elias,   Memphis,  Tenn. 

1918  Gates,  Jay,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

1914  Gates,  John  Calhoun,  Princeton,  Ky. 

1914  Gates,  John  H.,  Pierre,  8.  D. 

1004  Gates,  Thomas  S.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1912  Oatley,  H.  Prescott,  Waahington,  D.,  0. 

1981  Gatliir,  Edward  M.,  Covington,  Ky. 
1918  Gattell,  Benoni  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1911  Gauerke,  John  W.,  Green  Bay,  Wis. 

1911  Oaughan,  Thomaa  J.,  Camden,  Ark. 
1918  Gaulin,  A.,  Rio  de  Janeiro.  Brazil. 
1921  Gault,  Harry  0.,  Flint,  Mich. 

1917  Oault,    Matthew,    Baltimore,   Md. 

1982  Cause,  Fred  C,  New  Oastle.  Ind. 

1913  Gauthier,  Joseph  A.,  New  Bedford,  Maas. 

1918  Gautier.    Redmond    B.,    Miami,    Fla. 

1921  Gautney,  J.  F.,  Jonesboro,  Ark. 

1918  Gsvegan,  Edward  J..  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1914  Gavin.   Frank  E.,   Indianapolia,   Ind. 

1912  Gavin,  James  L.,   Indianapolia.   Ind. 

1922  Gavin.  John  A.,  Jr..  Kenansville,  N.  0. 
1019  Gavin  John  E.,  Chicago,  111. 

1914  Gavin,  Richard  !..  Chicago.  111. 

1922  Gaw,  Ralph  H.,  Topeka,  Kana. 

1918  Gay,  Daniel  F..   Worcester,  Maas. 

1918  Gay,  Thomas  B.,   Richmond,   Va. 

1021  Gayle,  Edwin  F.,  Lake  Charles,  La. 
1912  Gsyle,  John   B.,    Richmond,   Va. 

1921  Gaylord,  Robert  B.,  San  Francisco,  Oil. 

1922  Gaynor,  Frank  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1922  Gazan,  Jacob,  Savannah,  Ga. 

1922  Gaday.  Frank  A..  San  Diego,  Gal. 

1912  Ganam,  Jo^j'ph  M..  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1022  Gearhart,  Bertrand  W.,  Fresno,  Gal. 
1921  Gearheart,  B.  W.,  Columbua,  Ohio. 
1908  Gcarin,  John  M..  Portland,  Oregon. 

1913  Geary,   Alexander  B.,  Chester,   Pa. 

1921  Geary.  Arthur  M..  Portland,  Oreg. 

1922  Geary,  J.  J.,  Seattle.  Wash. 

1921  Geary.  John  R.,  Chicago,  111. 

1922  Geary.  W.  Finlaw,  Santa  Rosa,  Oal. 
1912  Gebhardt,  William  C.  Clinton.  N.  J. 
1901  Geddes.   Frederick  L.,  Toledo,  Ohio. 
1918  Gedney,  Jerome  D.,  Eaat  Orange,  N.  J. 


776 


AMERICAN  BAB  A880CUTIOK. 


1922  Gee.  Htnr  A.,  YaUejo,  GU. 

1918  Oeer,   William  J..   Gallon,  Ohio. 

1919  Gehan,  Prank  J.»  St.  Paul,  Hinn. 

1921  Gehr,   8.    W.,   Chicago,    III. 

1919  Gehrz,  Guatave  G.,  Milwaukee,  Wla. 

1980  Geibel,  Martin  E.,  Loa  Angelea,  Cal. 
1912  Geiger,   Ferdinand  A.,  Milwaukee,   Wis. 
1918  Geiffer,   Frederick  J.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1916  Geijabeek,  John  B.,  Denrer,  Colo. 

1912  Geilfuas,  Carl  F.,  Milwaukee.  Wia. 

1922  Geiaer,  M.  B.,  New  Hampton.  Iowa. 
1921  Geitler,    Alfred   T.,   Cincinnati,   Ohio. 
1908  Geialer,   T.   J.,    Portland,    Oregon. 
1918  Geist,  A.  Joseph.  New  York,  N.  T. 
1908  Geller,  Frederick.  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1921  Gellman.  Samuel  H..  Richmond.  Ya. 

1913  Geromill.  William  B..  York,  Pa. 

1928  Gendotti,  Joacph  A.,  San  Frandaco,  Cal. 

1918  Gennert,  Henry  G.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1904  Gentry,  North  T..  Columbia,  Mo. 

1914  Gentry,  William  R..  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1918  Gentsch.   Frank  F.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
1928  Genung,  George  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1981  Gensberger,  Earle  N.,  Butte.  Mont. 
1914  Geoghegan,  William  A.,  Cincinnati.  0. 

1921  George,  Austin  L..  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

1920  George.  Gaston  P..  Hamburg,  Ark. 
1981  George,  S.  A.,  Ardmore,  Okla. 

1922  George.  W.  Boy,  Lenox,  Iowa. 

1913  Gcraghty,  Michael  J..  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1907  Gerard.  Jamea  W..  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Gerecht.  E.  F.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

1921  Gerlach,  Fred,  Chicago,  111. 

1911  German.  Charles  W.,  Kansas  City.  Mo. 

1918  Germany,  J.  A..   Dallas,  Texas. 

1919  Gemerd.  Frederick  B.,  Allentown,  Pa. 

1907  Gerry,  Elbridge  T.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1921  Gerstein,   Carl,   Boston.   Maaa. 

1928  Gerstenberg,  Chas.  W.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1928  Gerstle,  Mark  L..  San  Francisco,  Oal. 

1921  Geaas,  Michael,  Chicago,  111. 

1980  Gescheidt,  Albert  F.,  ML  VemoB,  N.  Y. 

1919  Qessner,   Jessy   Benedict.    New  Orleans, 
La. 

1908  Gest,  John  Marshall.  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
1980  Getz,  David  B.,  Brookb-n.  N.  Y. 

1922  Ofeller.   Alfred,  Wenatcfaee.  Wash. 
1913  Gheen.  John  J..  West  Chester,  Pa. 
1922  Gherini.  Ambrose,  San  Francisco,  Oil. 
1921  Gholson.  Edwin,  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 
1921  Gibbes,  Hunter  A.,  Columbia,  S.  O, 

1917  Gibboney,  Stuart  G.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1921  Gibbons,  Austin  Flint,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1908  Gibbons,  Cromwell,  Jacksonville,  Fla. 
1921  Gibbs.  A.  D..  Manila.  P.  I. 

1928  Gibbs,  Frederick  H.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1916  Gibbs,  George  A.,  Pasadena,  Cal. 

1911  Gibbs,  George  C.  Jacksonville,  Fla. 


BLECTSD 

1981  Gibbs,  Ransom  L..  Skmx  flalK  &  D. 

1921  Gibson.  Ben  J.,  Des  Mofnes,  Iowa. 

1918  Gibson,  Claude  W.,  Boise,  Idaho. 

1918  Gibson,  ayde.  New  Ctstle,  Pi. 

1915  Gibson,  Edward  Guest.  Bsltimore.  Md. 
1921  Gibson,  Fred  L.,  Livingston,  Mont. 

1919  Gibson.  G.  N.,  Walnut  Ridge.  Ark. 

1906  Gibson,    George   Jay,    Salt    Lake   GHy. 

Utah. 

1921  Gibson.   Gordon.   Rockport,  Texas. 

1921  Gibson,  Henry  K..  Oindnnstl.  Ohio. 

1922  Gibson,  Irving  D.,  Sacrtmento,  Od. 
1922  Gibson,  J.  A,  Jr.,  Los  Angeles,  Gisl. 

1919  Gibson.  J.  B..  Dillon.  8.  C. 

18P9  Gfhron.  James  A..  Los  Angeles.  CaL 

1928  Gibson,  Joseph  R.,  Ohiesgo.  UL 

1928  Gibson,  Ulbum.  Uklab.  OsL 

1920  Gibson.   N.    A.,   Muskogee,  Okla. 

1921  Gibson.  Philip  P.,  Huntington,  W.   Vn. 

1922  Gibson.  Rue  O.,  Fresno,  Oil. 

1922  Gibson,  W.  W.,  MinnsspoUs,  Ubau, 

1918  Gibson.  William  J.,  New  York.  N.  T. 
1914  Gick,  Frank,  Saratoga  Springs.  N.   T. 
1898  Giddtngs.  Charles,  Great  Barrington, 

Maai. 

1921  GIddlngs.  H.  Starr.  New  York,  N.  T. 

1916  Gideon,  Valentine.  Ogden.  Utah. 
1916  Gidiere.  PhiUp  S..  New  Orleans.  Ln. 
1914  Giffen.  Wallls.  Baltimore,  Md. 

1921  Giffln,  D.  Logan,  Sprhiglleld.  HI 

1921  Giffln,  Nathan  P..  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1916  Gifford,  F.  W.,  Los  Angeles,  CaL 
1914  Gifford,  George  H.,  Tipton,  Ind. 

1907  Gifford.  Jamea  M.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1897  GilTord,  Livingston.  New  York,  N.  T. 

1916  Gignilliatt.  William  R..   Savannah.   On. 

1919  Gilbert,    Barry.   Chicago,   HI. 
1914  Gilbert.  Charlea  E..   Nevada,  Mo. 

1922  Gilbert,  CUrsnce  H.,  Portland,  Ore. 
1921  Gilbert,  Frederic  N.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Gilbert,  Harold  B.,  Yakima,  Wash. 
1919  Gilbert,  Hiram  T.,  Chicago,  DL 

1921  Gilbert,  James  M..  PlnevIUe,  1^. 

1922  Gilbert,  Joseph  E.,  Dallas,  Tex. 

1910  Gilbert,  Newton  W.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Gilbert,  S.  Price,  AtlanU,  Oa. 

1921  Gilbert,  Samuel  Harvey.  Oiicsgo,  111. 

1928  Gilbert,  W.  I..  Los  Angeles.  OsL 

1914  Gilbert.   William  B.,  Portland,  Oreyott. 

1917  Gilbert,  William  a,  St.  Lodia,  Mo. 

1918  GUchrlst.    Alexander,    J^.,    New    Ystk* 

N.  Y. 

1928  OHcfarlst,  Ck  B.,  lows  Falls,  Iowa. 

1988  Gilchrist,  P.  C,  Lsarena,  lows. 

1917  Gildersleeve.  Henry  A..  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1981  Giles,  LeBoy  B.,  Orlando,  Via. 

1914  Gilflllan,  Alex.,  nttttarfk.  Pn. 


ALPHABSTICAL  LIBX  OF  MB1CBHB8. 


777 


1914  Giltofl,  JaniM  U.,  Jr.,  Ltke  Proridence, 

U. 

int  Oilketon,  RoMwell  r.,  K«nu  City,  ICo. 

1914  ODkyioo,  H.  H.,  Phoenixvllle.  Pa. 

1918  Oflkywn,  T.  Walter,  PhDadelphia,  Pa. 

19B  0111,  O.  ll.»  Stockton.  Oal. 

1918  Gill,  Charles  C,  New  York.  N.  T. 

1928  Gill,  Charlea  O.,  New  Orleana,  La. 

1918  Gill.   Harry  B.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

1911  OiU,  Henry  Sterllnff,  Santa  Barbara,  Oal. 

1988  Gill,  Joeepb,  Olajton,  N.  M. 

1914  Gillespie,  Charlea  D.,  Pittaburffh.  Pa. 

1918  Gillespie,  Georfe  J.,  New  York.  N.  T. 
1981  Onieapie,  George  II.,  Sprinffleld.  HI. 
1981  Gillespie,  J   Hamilton,  Sarasota.  Pla. 
1988  Gilleaple,  John  L.,  Dee  Moinea,  Iowa. 

1919  GiTlett,  Emma  M.,  Washington,  D.  a 
19S8  Oillett,  J.  N.,  San  Pranciaco.  OaL 
1988  Oillett,  Bansom  H.,  Albany,  N.  T. 
1988  Gillette,  Albert  O.,  Dnluth,  Ifiaa. 

1915  Gillette,  Andrew  W.,  Denver,  Colo. 
1988  Ofllette,  O.  F.,  Hardin.  Mont. 
1981  Gillette,  Ralph,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1919  Gilliam,  Donnell,  Tarboro.  N.  O. 
1988  Gilliam,  W.  D..  Boottsritle,  Ky. 

1980  Gilinand.  Frank.  Memphis,  Tenn. 
1988  Gillin,  Jamea,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1907  Oillln.  P.  H..  Bangor.  Maine. 

1981  OiDIa,  W.  G.,  Cameron,  Texaa. 
1909  Oilman,  L.  C,  Seattle,  Wash. 

1917  Oilman.  Wlnfield  W..  Madison,  Wia. 
1981  Gilmer,  Frank,  South  Bend.   Tnd. 
1901  Gilmore,  Eugene  Allen,  Manila,  P.  I. 
1981  Gilmore.    Robert    William.    New    York, 

N.  Y. 

1990  Gilmore,  S.  T.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
1919  OOmore,  Wm.  Gfrant,  Douglaa,  Aria. 
1907  Gilpin.  C.   Monteith,  New  York.  N.   Y. 
1981  Oilruth,  Irwin  T.,  Ohicago,  III. 

1918  Gllaon,  John  L.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 
1981  Oirten.  Michael  P.,  Chlcaffo,   HI. 

1991  Giahwiner,  D.  8.,  PUtterille,  Wis. 
1914  Gittlngs,  John  C,  Washington,  D.  0. 

1919  Gittins,  Clarence  E..  Detroit.  Mich. 
1914  Qiven,  Harvey,  Washington.  D.  O. 
1911  GJeraet,  Oluf,  Montevideo,  Minn. 
1998  Glana,  David  D.,  New  Yort,  N.  Y. 
1898  Glssgow,  Wm.  A..  Jr.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 
1981  Glaaler,  H.   S.,  Bradentown,   Fla. 

1998  Glaaaoock,  B.  Richards,  Warrenton,  Va. 

1918  Glaaser,  Herman.  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1911  Glaaale,  Henry  H..  Washington,  D.  O. 

1919  Gleason.  A.  H..  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1917  Gleaaon,  Fred  E.,  Montpelf^r.  Vt. 
1890  Gleaaon,  John  H.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

1919  Gleaaon,  Walter  Burrell,  Portland,  Ore. 

1909  Gleaaon,  Walter  L.,  New  Orleana,  La. 

1906  Gleed,  J.  WUlia,  Topeka,  Kana. 


1980  Glelck,  Hany  8.,  St.  Louia,  Ub. 
1908  Glen,  Janea  F.,  Tampa,  Fla. 

1907  Glenn,  Garrard,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1981  Qlena,  Horace  H.,  St.  Panl,  Min. 
1917  Glenn,  J.  FYaaier,  Aaheville,  N.  C. 
1988  Glenn,  WiHiam  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1919  Glennon,  Edward  T.,  Chicago.  111. 
1921  Gleaner,  Jamaa  Graham,  York,  Pens. 

1917  Glidewell,  P.  W.,  Reidaville,  N.  a 

1918  Gloag,  Ralph  W.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1921  Glover,  David  L.,  MiflHnburg,  Peon. 

1904  Glynn,  Martin  H.,  Albanv,  N.  Y. 

1921  Gnagey,  U.  D.,  Port  Townaend,  Waah. 

1928  Ooble,  Fred  J.,  Santa  MarU,  OaL 

1914  Godard,  Porter  B.,  iUnsas  City,  Ma 

1908  Godbey,  B.  W.,  Decatur.  Ala. 

1998  Godbold,  N.  D.,  Honohilu,  Hawaii. 

1918  Ooddard,  Edwin  C.  Ann  Aibor.  Mich. 
1981  Ooddard.  Leonard  8.,  Albay,  P.  L 
1981  Oodebn,  Paul  M.,  Ohicago,  UL 

1981  OodfMy,  Walter  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1919  Oodman,  Elwood  0.,  Chicago,  HI. 
1921  Goebel,  Herman  P.,  Cincinnati,  Olilo. 
1988  Ooen,  U.  8.,  Kl  Paao,  Texaa. 

1918  Ooepel,  C.  P.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1928  Goer,  R.,  DevUa  Lake,  N.  D. 

1911  Oeetehiua.  Henry  R.,  Columbua,  Ga. 

1921  Goets,  Jacob  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1928  Ooets,  Nomun  8.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1911  Goff,  Ony  D.,  Wailiington,  D.  O. 

1922  Ooir,  W.  D.,  Arcadia,  La. 

1918  Ooggtna,  Bernard  R.,  Wiaoonain  Rapida, 

Wit. 

1921  Goidel,  Harry  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1919  Gold,   Frank  M.,  Flagstftff,  Aria. 
1981  Gold,  William  A.,  Lockport.  N.  Y. 
1911  Goldberg,-  Abraham,  New  Orleana,  La. 
1988  Goldberg,  John  J.,  San  Frandaoo,  QU. 
1918  Goldberg,  Samuel  J.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Oolde,  Joseph  A.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1922  OoMenberg,  Charica,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Goldffarb,  David  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1929  Goldterb,  Philip,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1980  Goldie,  J.  H.,  Detroit.  Mich. 

1921  GoldiB,  GuUie  B.,  New  Y<n^  N.  Y. 

1921  Goldman,  Charles,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1921  Goldman,  Frank.  Lowell,  Maaa. 

1918  Goldman,  Harry  R.,  Marinette,  Wiai 

1911  Goldman,  Juliua,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1920  Goldman,  Mayer  C.  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Goldman,  Robert  P.,  Oindonati,  Ohio. 
1908  Goldman,  Samuel  P..  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1905  Go1driK>rough,  T.  Alan.  Denton,  Md. 

1922  Goldaboroogh,    W.    Laird,    Qreensboro. 

Md. 

1918  Goldsmith,  Aaron,  Eaaton,  Pa. 

1921  Ooldaraith,   Alva  W.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1928  Goldmlth,  Charlea  D.,  Sac  Olty,  Iowa, 


778 


AKERICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


1910    GtoldMnitb,  DtTld,  St.  Lonii,  Mo. 

1910  Goldmith,  Iiring  L,  Santoga  Springy 

N.  Y. 
1914    aoldnDith.  Karl,  Piem.  S.  D. 
19S1    Ooldstein,  Bamett  B.,   Portland,  One. 
1921    Oolditein,  Ellaa,  Bhrereport,  La. 
1914    Goldstein.  Jonah  J.,  New  York.  N.  T. 
1921    Gtoldston,  Morria  J.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1917  Oolteroian,  Gay,  St.  Loals,  Mo. 

1921  Oolta,  Oarl3a  W..  Sioox  Olty,  Iowa. 

1922  Gonzalea,  Antonio  G.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921    Good,  Clark,  Van  Wert,  Ohio. 

1921  Good,  D.  Sayler,  Roanoke,  Va. 
1982    Good,  Paol  P.,  Lincoln,  Neb. 

1911  Ooodale,  Francia  G.,  Boston.  Mass. 

1920  Goodbar,  Alvan  J..  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1922  Goodell,  C.  J.,  San  Frandaco.  Oal. 
1922    Goodfellow,  Aubrey  Z.,  Fitchburg,  Mas. 
1913    Goodfellow,  Hugh,  San  Pranciaco.  CaL 
1911    Goodhue.  Isaac  W.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Goodhue,  L.  Gushing,  Boston,  Maaa. 

1913  Goodlett,  Nioholaa  M..  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1921  Goodman,  Abraham,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Goodman,  Booth  B.,  Lorelock,  Ney. 

1921  Goodman,   Charles,   Chicago,  III. 

1914  Goodman.  Leon,  Lyndiburg,  Va. 

1922  Goodman,  Louia  E.,  San  Pranciaco,  Cal. 

1910  Goodman,  Mark  D.,  Chicago.  HI. 

1921  Goodman,  Max  P.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1922  Goodman,  W.  U.,  Pairfleld,  Oal. 

1916  Goodnow,  Frank  J.,  Baltimore,  Md. 
1913    Goodrich,  Ben,  Loa  Angelea,  CaL' 

1918  Goodrich,   Chauncey   S.,   San   Pranciaco, 

Cal. 

1921  Goodrich,  Cyrus  J.,  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

1922  Goodrich,  Herbert  P.,  Iowa  City,  Iowa. 
1918  Goodrich,  James  E.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
1921    Goodrick,    Arthur,    Antigo,    Wis. 

1920  Goodson,  Walter  C,  Macon,  Mo. 

1911  Goodspeed,  Alex  McLellan,  New  Bedford, 

Mass. 

1921  Goodspeed,  C.  T.  B.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1922  Goodspeed,  Richard  Cecil,  Los  Angeles, 

Oal. 

1917  Goodwin.  Clarence  N..  Chicago,  111. 

1921  Goodwin,  Oodfry  G.,  Casbridge,  Minn. 

1922  Goodwin,  Henry  P.,  Los  Angeles,  CaL 

1920  Goodwin,  James  B.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

1917  Goodwin,  John  M.,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

1911  Goodwin,   Robert  E.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1921  Goodwin,    W.    N.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

1912  Goodyear,  A.  P.,  Wstseka,  111. 

1909    Goodykoonti.  Wells,  Williamson,  W.  Va. 

1918  Gordon,  Arraistead  C,  Staunton.  Va. 
1921    Gordon,  Bernard,  New  York,  N.   Y. 

1920  Gordon,   Clifton   DeWitt.    Detroit.   Mich. 

1921  Gordon,    Ernest    C,    Plattsburg,    N.    Y. 
10»    Gordon.  Francis  A.,  Elisabeth,  N.  J. 


1914  Gordon,  George  B.,  Pittriwrgh,  Pa. 

1912  Gordon,  George  H.,  La  Cnmb,  Wis. 

1907  Gordon,  Gordon,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1919  Gonfbn,   Gurdon   W..  Springfield. 
1922  Gordon,  Hugh,  Saa  Frandaco,  OaL 

1913  Gordon,  Hugh  T.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
1922  Gordon,  J.  H.,  TVtcoma,  Waab. 

1918  Gordon,  Jamea  Gay,  Philaddphia.  Pa. 
1913  Gordon,  Jamea  H.,  McAleater,  Okla. 

1919  Gordon,  Jamea  W.,  Richmond,  Va. 
1916  Gordon,  John  W..  Barre,  Vt. 

1922  Gordon,  Joseph  B.,  San  Mateo,  OaL 

1906  Gordon,  Maurice  K.,  MadiaonriUe,  1^. 

1912  Gordon,  Peyton,  Waahington,  D.  O. 

1919  Gordon,  Q.  A.,  Mercer,  Pa. 

1910  Gordon,  R.  0.,  Louisville.  Kj. 

1912  Gordon,  W.  D.,  Beaumont,  Texaa. 
1921  Gordon,  WiUUm  8.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1902  Gordon.  William  W.,  Savannah,  Ga. 
1921  Gore,  ThonuM  P.,   Waahington,  D.  O. 
1980  Gore,  Victor  M.,  Benton  Harbor,  Mich. 
1916  Gorham,  Sidney  8..  Chicago,  HI. 

1908  Gorham,  William  H.,  Seattle.  Wash. 

1921  Gorman,  Geoiire  B.,  Chicago,  IlL 

1913  Gorrill.  William  H.,  San  Pranciaco,  CaL 

1914  Gorter,  James  P.,  Baltimore.  Md. 
1906  Goae,  M.  P.,  Pomeroy,  Wash. 
1906  Gose,  T.  P.,  WalU  WaUa,  Wash. 

1918  Goaoell,  Frank,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1911  Goss,  Melvin  C,  Boulder,  Colo. 

1911  Gossett.  Alfred  N.,  Kansss  City.  Mo. 

1920  Gotnals,  Charles  P.,  Muskogee,  Okla. 

1912  Gotthold,  Arthur  P.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Gottlieb,  H.  N.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1920  Goudy,  Frank  B.,  Denver,  Colo. 
1912  Goudy,  Frank  C,  Denver,  Colo. 
1912  Gough,  Aurelian*  Bruce,  Montpelier, 

Idaho. 

1922  Gough,  John  P..  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 
1914  Gould.  Charles  D.,  Minnrapolia.  Minn. 

1922  Gould,  Charles  W.,  Miliord,  Mass. 
1922  Gould,  G.  H.,  Santa  Burbara,  Cal. 
1914  Gould.  I^uis  K.,  BrIdToport.  Conn. 
1922  Gould,  T.  C,  Loa  AngeU'S.  Cal. 
1889  Goulder,  Harvey  D.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1919  Goulston,  Edward  S.,  Boston.  Maaa. 

1921  Gourley,   Chester,  Beattyville,  Ky. 
1914  Gourley,  William  B.,  Paterson.  N.  J. 
1901  Gove,  Frank  B.,  Denver,  Colo. 

1922  Govern,  Hugh,  Jr.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1921  Oovert,  William  H.,  Quincy,  111. 
1921  Gowdy,  R.  L.,  Xenia.  Ohio. 

1921  Gower,  Eben  B.,  Kankakee,  III. 

1916  GrabUl.  Ethelbert  V.,  Boston,  Maaa. 
1910  Grace,  John  D.,  New  Orleana,  Ia. 
1912  Grady,  Daniel  H.,  Portage.  Wis. 
1921  Grady,  Thomaa  E.,  Yakima,  Waab. 

1917  Graham,  A.   W.,  Oxford,  N.  C. 


ALPHABBIIOAL  IJ8T  OF  HBHBXB8. 


779 


1913  Graham,  Arthur  B.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1913  Gnham,  Byron  U.,  Washinffton,  D.  0. 

19Z1  Graham,   E.   O.,   Jefferson,   Iowa 

1920  Graham,  Fred  J.,  Ellendale,  N.  D. 

1903  Graham,  George  8.,  Philadelphia,  Pt. 

1916  Graham,  James  11,  Springfield,  HI. 

1921  Graham,  John  T.,  Huntington,  W.  Va. 
1921  Graham,    Robert  F.,   Pitttburgh,    Penn. 

1921  Graham,  Samuel  Cecil,  Tazewell,   Va. 
1918  Graham,  Samuel  J.,  Waahington.  D.  0. 

1918  Graham,  Warner  A.,  Bellowa  Falls,  Vt. 

1922  Graham,  William  S.,  San  Frandsco,  Oal. 
1922  Grainger,  Kyle  Z.,  Loa  Angeles,  OaL 
1921  Gramling.  John  C,  Miami,  Fla. 

1921  Grama,  Walter  E.,  Chicago,  111. 

mi  Gran.  Victor  H.»  Dnluth,  Minn. 

1910  Qranberry,  William  L.,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
1921  Grange,  William  J..   New  York,   N.  Y. 

1921  Granger,  Alexis  L.,  Kankakee,  III. 

1919  Granger,  George  W.,  Rochester,  Minn. 

1918  Granger,  Perclval  H.,  Philadelphia.   Pa. 

1919  Grant,  Alexander  G.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1917  Grant,  George  B..  Boston,  Mass. 

1920  Grant,  James  B.,  Denver,  Colo. 

1904  Grant,  Lee  W.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1906  Grant,  Richard  F.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1922  Grant,  Robert,  Boston,  Man. 

1911  Grant,  Walter  B.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1922  Grant,  William,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1921  Grant,    William    Bullitt,    New   Orleans, 

U. 

1918  Grant.  William  W.,  Jr.,  Denver,  Colo. 

1922  Gras,  Francisco  Soto,  San  Juan,  P.   R. 
1921  Grason,   C.  G.,  Towson,   Md. 

1921  Grassham.  Charles  C.  Paducah,  Ky. 

1913  Graustein,  Archibald  R.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1920  Gravely,  Joseph  J..  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1909  Graves,  Henry  B.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
1917  Graves,  Ireland,  Austin,  Texas. 
1916  Graves,  O.  A.,  Hope,  Arkansas. 

1916  Graves,  W.   R.,' Prairie  du  Chien,   Wis. 

1906  /Graves,  Will  G.,  Spokane,  Wash. 

1921  Graves,   Wm.   C,   Chicago,  HI. 

1921  Graves,   William  O.,   St.   Paul,  Minn. 

1914  Gray,   Andrew  C,  Wilmington,    Del. 

1922  Gray,  Ben  F.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
1921  Gray,  Charles  A.,  San  Francisco,  Gal. 
1921  Gray,  Charles  R.,  Pawhuska,  Okla. 
1921  Gray,  Clifton  W.,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 
1921  Gray,   Frank  D.,  Cleveland,   Ohio. 
1884  Gray,  George,  Wilmington,  Del. 

1919  Gray,  Gordon,  San  Diego.  Cal. 
1911  Gray,  Henry  G.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1081  Gray,    J.   Lyman,   Springfield,    Mass. 
1906  Gray,  James  C,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
1914  Gray,  John  B.,  Prince  Frederick,  Md. 
1916  Gray,   Morris,  Boston,   Mass. 

1916  Gnj,  Roland,  Boston,  Mass. 


1906  Gray,  Botcoe  8.,  Alameda,  OiL 

1922  Qnj,  W.  H.,  LIbby,  Mont 

1914  Gray,  William  A.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1909  Gray,  William  J.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1912  GraydoB,  Joseph  a,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1919  Graydon,  Thomas  J.,  CMcago,  HI. 

1910  Grayson,  D.   L.,  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 
1918  Grayson,  David  A.,  Huntsvllle,   Ala. 

1920  Grece.   Edward  S.,    Detroit,   Mich. 

1906  Greeley,  Louis  M.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1902  Greeley,  William  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Green,   Addiaon  L.,   Holyoke,    Masa. 

1921  Green,  C.  F.,  Ada,  Okla. 

1918  Green,  David  Edward,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1922  Green,  Edward  Henry,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1914  Green,  Ernest  A.,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

1914  Green,  Ernest  L.,  Media,  Pa. 

1922  Green,  Franklin  J..  Greeley,  Colo. 

1921  Green,  Fred  W.,  Guthrie,  Okla. 

1907  Green,   Frederick,  Urbana,  HI. 

1914  Green,   Gamer  Wynn,   Jackson,   Miss. 

1914  Green,  George  C,  Weldon,  N.  C. 

1918  Green,  George  M..  Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 

1913  Green,  George  S.,  Reno,  Nev. 
1918  Green,    Grafton,    Nashville,    Tenn. 

1914  Green,  Heniy  I.,  Urbana,  IlL 

1916  Green,  James  F.,  St.   Louis,  Mo. 
1914  Green,  John  F.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1920  Green,  John  Raebum,  St.  Louis,  Moi. 

1910  Green,  John  W.,  Knoxvllle,  Tenn. 

1922  Green,  Joseph  F.,  Oreighton,  NeK 

1921  Green,  Louis  L.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1912  Green,   Marcellus,  Jsckson,   Miss. 

1920  Green,  Maurice  D.,  Muskogee,  Okla. 

1922  Green,  Sherwood,  Madera,  OaL 

1914  Green,    Theodore    Francia,    Pro^ldenoe, 

R.  I. 

1922  Green,  Thomas  A.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1917  Green,  Thomas  J.,  Sault  Ste.  Marie, 

Mich. 

1922  Green,  William  C,  Fargo,  N.  D. 

1922  Green,  William  W.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1901  Greenacre,  Alice,  Chicago,  111. 

1906  Greenacre,    Isaiah  T.,   Chicagro,    HL 

1921  Greenbaum,     Edward    S.,     New    York, 

N.    Y. 

1916  Greenbaum,  Leon  E.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1918  Greenbaum,  Samuel,  New  York,   N.   Y. 

1921  Greenbaum,  W.  E.,  Hollo,  P.  I. 

1922  Greenberg,  Charles,  Los  Angeles,  Oal. 
1914  Greenbenrer,    N.    M..   Akron,  Ohio. 
1922  Greene,  A.  Crawford,  San  Francisoo,  Oal. 
1921  Greene,   Frederick  L.,  Greenfield.   Mass. 

1911  Greene,  Gardiner,   Norwich,  Conn. 

1912  Greene,  George  B.,  Hoosick  Falls,  N.  Y. 
1918  Greene.  George  W.,  Woonsocket,  R.  L 
1921  Greene,  J.  Kent,  Chicsgo,  111. 

1914  Greene,  Philip  P..  Lincoln,  Nebr. 


780 


AMERICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


BLECTID 

1917  Greene,  Richard  T.,  New  York.  N.  T. 
1901  Greene,   Robert  J,,  Lincoln,  Nebr. 
1921  Greene,  Thomas  E.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
1911  Greene,  Warren  E.,  Duluth,  Minn. 
1921  Greenebaum,  Harry  Q.,  Pontiac,  111. 
1921  Greenfield,  Arthur  D.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1921  Greenfield,  N.  R.,  Rawlina,  Wyo. 

1920  Greenlee,  C.  P.,  Brinklej,  Ark. 

1921  Greenlimb,   Peter  B.,   Ohicaeo,  111. 

1921  Greenman,  Jene  E.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

1918  Greenouch,  William.  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1906  Greenough,    William    B.,    Providence, 

R.  L 

1907  Greenafelder,  I^mard,  St.  Louia,  Mo. 

1911  Greenwcll,  W.  A.,  Honolulu,  Hawaii. 
1918  Greenwood,  Albert  G.,  Palestine.  TexaiL 

1922  Greenwood,  Charles  P.,  Dallas,  Texas. 
1922  Greenwood,  Harlow  V.,  Vallejo,  Cal. 
1928  Greenwood,  James  A.,  New  Castle,  Wjo. 
I{i20  Greenwood,  Thomas  B.,  Austin,  Tex. 

1912  Greer,    D.    Edward.    Houston.    Texas. 
1928  Greer,  George  L.,  Los  Angeles,  GaL 

1917  Greer.  Jaokf>on.   Whiteville,   N.   C. 
1916  Greer,  Paul  E.,  Hermosa  Beach,  OaL 
1921  Greerer,  James  E.,  Logan,  W.  Va. 
1921  Greever,  Paul  R.,  Cody,  Wyo. 

1918  Greevy,  Thomas  H.,  Al toons.  Pa. 
1928  Giefleniua,  A.  P.,  Valley  City,  N.  D. 
1901  Gregg,  Prank  E.,  Denver,  Colo. 
1891  Gregg,  Maurice,  Baltimore,  Md. 
1921  Gregg,  Paul  M.,  Los  Angeles,  Oal. 

1921  Gregg.  William  P.,  Port  Jer\'{a,  N.  Y. 

1922  Gregg,  Will  R.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Gregory.   Alfred,   New  York,   N.   Y. 
1889  Gregory,    Charles    Noble,    Washington, 

D.  C. 

1922  Gregory,  H.  D.,  Ororille,  Oal. 

1920  Oregoiy,   Harry  K.,  New  Castle.  Pa. 
1907  Gregory,  Henry  E.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Gregory,  James  P..  Louisville,  Ky. 

1919  Gregory,  John  J..  Milwsukee.  Wis. 

1922  Gregory,  T.  T.  C,  Ssn  Pranciaco,  OsL 

1918  Gregory,    Tappan,    Chicago,    ill. 

1914  Gregory,    Thomas    W.    (Austin.    Texaa), 
Washinston,  D.  C. 

1916  Gre«ofy,  Walter  H.,  Yuma,  Aris. 
1912  Gregory.  Warren,  San  Pranciaco,  Cal. 
1921  Oregoiy,  William  Voris,  Louisville,  Ky* 
1904  Gresham,  Otto.  Chicsgo,  HI. 

1921  Oreshsm.   Robert  J.,   Ashland.  Misi. 

1907  Greve,    Charles    Theodore,    Cincinnati, 
Ohio. 

1917  Grice,  Horace  C.  Newsrk,  N.  J. 

1919  Grice,   Warren,   Macon.  Ga. 

1920  Oridley,   Bert  L.,  Kahoka.  Mo. 

1918  Gridley,  Ernest  C,  San  Bernardino,  OaL 
1900  Gridley,   Martin   M.,   Chicago,   111. 
1914  Grier,  P.  Barron,  Greenwood.  S.  C. 


1920  Grier,  Robert  C,  St.  Louia,  Mo. 

1917  Griffin,  Anthony  J.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1918  Griffin,  Charles  L.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1918  GriiBn,  Edwsrd  G.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
1914  Griflin,  Everett  Paul,   St   Louia,   Mo. 

1917  Griffin,  John  W.^  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1921  Griffin,  Joseph  H.,  Butte,  Mont. 

1920  Griffin,  Marion  Scudder,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

1922  Griffin,  P.  H.,  Modesto,  Gal. 
1922  Griffin,  Roscoe  W.,  VsUeJo,  OaL 

1919  Griffin,  Sam  S..  Boiae,  Idaho. 
1922  Griffin,  Van  O.  Seattle,  Wash. 

1918  Griffin,  WillUm  H.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1918  Griffin.  William  J.,  Detroit.  Mick. 
1918  Griffith,  Barton,  Columbus,  Ohio. 

1921  Griffith,   Edward,   Manchester,   Vt 

1918  Griffith,  Pranklin  T.,  Portland.  Oregon. 
1914  Griffith,  John  Cuyler,  Chula  Vista,  OaL 
1898  Griffith.  Warren  G.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

1922  Griffith,  WillUm  G.,  SaaU  Barbara,  OaL 
19n  Griffltha,    Pamham    P.,    San    Franciaoo, 

OaL 

1921  Griffiths,  Henry  H.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

1921  Griggs,   Clarence,   Ottawa,   IlL 

1919  Griggs,  Edward  M.,  Streator,  IlL 
1908  Griggs,  Herbert  &.,  Tacoma,  Wash. 
18B6  Griggs,  John  W.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1921  Grigsby,   Bruce  L.,  Los  Angeles,  GaL 

1920  Grigsby,   Penton  Esrl,  Portlsnd,  Ore. 

1921  Grigsby,  Sioux  K.,  Sioux  Palla,  S.  D. 

1916  Grilk,  Charlea,  Davenport,  Iowa. 
1918  Grime,  George,  Pall  River,  Ma& 

1918  Grimes,  James  W.,  Boston.  Msa. 

1919  Gnmes,  Joseph  W.,  Providence.  R.  L 

1922  Grimes,  Junius  D.,  Washington,  D.  OL 

1920  Grimm,  A.  C,  Knoxville,  Tenn. 

1913  Grimm.  J.  Hugo,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1921  Grimm,  J.  M,  Cedar  Rapids,  Iow«. 

1921  Crimson.  G.,  Langdon,  N.  D. 

1917  Grimstsd,  O.  Ring,  Billings,  Mont. 

1922  Orindle,  Hsrvey  David,  Lima,  Ohio. 
1901  Grinnan,    Daniel,    Richmond,    Va. 
1907  Grinnell,   Prank  W.,  Boston,  Mssa. 

1916  Grinstead,  Elmer  E.,  Pawhuska,  Oklsu 
1921  Grismore,  Grover  C,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 

1919  Griswold  Merrill.   Boston,  Msss. 

1920  Griswold,  N.  0.,  Greenville,  Mich. 

1921  Groene,  John  P.,  Dsly  City,  OaL 
1921  Groeneveld,  John   A.,  Butte,  Mont. 
1911  Groesbeck.    Alex.  J..  Detroit.   Mich. 

1919  Grollmsn.  Louis,  Chicago,  IB. 

1917  Gromsn,  Clinton  A.,  Allentown.  Pa. 

1921  Orommon.  Wilbur  D.,  Hillsdale.  Mich. 

1922  Groner,  D.  Lawrence,  Norfolk,  Va. 
1922  Groner,  Powell  C,  Chicago,  111. 

1914  Groot,   George  A..  Cleveland,  Ohiac 

1920  Grose,  Percy  W.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
1817  Qroas,  Charles  B.,  Hartford. 


ALPHABBTIGAL  LIST  OF   MBICBEBS. 


781 


VnZ  OroM,  Okarlts  WeU«,  Hartford,  Oobb. 

1022  Qnm,  A«d  L.,  Brooklya,  N.  T. 

ms  Groa,  Jowph,  PhiUdelphia,  Pik 

1922  Qnm,  Jodah,  Mew  Orlcam,  La. 

1013  OroM,  Paul,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

ion  Oronberr,  Jacob  O..  Chicago,  ni. 

1906  Groacnp,  Benjamin  8.,  Seattle,  Warik 

1017  QroMman,  Charles,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1004  QroHinan,  Emanuel  M.,  St  Louia,  Mo. 

1019  QrcMunan,  Mare  Juatia,  Cleveland,'  Ohia 

lOltt  Oioaman,  Mary  B»,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1011  Groasman,  Mosea  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1911  Qroanan,  William,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Groannana,  Iiador,   Oleveland,   Ohio. 
191S  Grout,  Aaron  H.,  Newport,  Vt 

1921  Grorer,  Mortimer  0.,  Chicago,  IlL 

1921  Groves,  William  F.,  Elixabeth,  N.  J. 

1901  Graeier,   Joshua,  Denver,  Colo. 

1918  Grua,   Edward  T.,  Los  Angeles,  ChL 
1921  Gnibb,  Paul  N.,  Janssville,  Wis. 
1914  Grubb.  WUllam  L.  Birmingham,  Ala. 

1919  Grubbs,  Charlss  D.,  Mt.  Sterling,  Kjr. 
1897  Grubbs.  Charles  S.,  Louiaville.  Ky. 
1921  Grabba,  Wm.  Clyde,  Pittsburgh,  Penn. 
1921  Oruber,  Adolph  A.,  Oindnnatl,  Ohio. 

1921  Gruber,  D.  M.,  Steobenvllle,  Ohio, 
ion  Gnienberg,  George  J..  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Gobemator,  E.  S.,  Chicago,  IlL 

1921  Gudger.  Vonno  L.,  Asheville,  N.  0. 

1922  Guelieh,  Paul,  Burlington,  Iowa. 
1918  Ouerin,  Mark  E.,  Chicago,  111. 

1921  Guerine,  Guy  C.  Chicago,  111. 
1918  Guernsey,   C.    A.,   Fostoria,   Ohia 

1922  Guemiey,  Louia  G.,  Los  Angeles,  Oal. 
1889  Ouemey.  Nsthanlel  T..  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1922  Ouerra.  Ifiguel,  San  Juan,  P.  R. 

1918  Guerry.  Homer.  Washington,  D.  O. 

1919  Guerry,  J.  B.,  Montezuma,  Ga. 

1912  Guesmer.  Arnold  L,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
1921  Guest,  Lee,  Jackaonville,  Fla. 

1912  Gttggenhelmer,    Chaa.    8.,    New    York, 

N.   Y. 

1911  Guigon,  A.  B.,  Richmond,  Va. 

1921  Guild,  Clark  J.,  Yerington.  Nev. 

1921  Guild,  Horace,  Boston,  Mass. 

1921  Guilfoyle,  Francis  P.,  Waterbury,  Conn. 

1921  Guilliams,  John  R.,  Chicago,  111. 

1919  Guinan,    James   J.,    Chicago,    111. 

1911  Guion,  Owen  H.,  New  Bern,  N.  C. 

1921  Guion.  Walter,  New  Orleans,  La. 
1918  Guitar,  A.  Leonard.  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 

1922  Guitermsn,  Milton  &,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1918  Guleke,  J.  O.,  AmariUo,  Tex. 

19U  Gulick,  Archibald  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

19&  GuUett.  Noah,  Springfield,  HI. 

19SL  Oumbsrt,    William    B.,    Now    Haven, 


in4  Gumbos,  Fnadi  UumA,  Philadelphia, 

Pa. 

1988  Gumble,  Heaiy,  Oolumbua,  Ohio. 

1917  Gnmmey,  Charles  F..  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
1928  Gumpert,  Emil,  Stockton,  OaL 

19S1  Guodlach,  8.  a,  Wallace,  Idaho. 

1921  Oung*!.  John  a,  Willcox,  Aria. 

1915  Gunn,  Milton  8.,  Helena,  Montana. 
1921  Gunnell,  J.  M.,  Chicago,  ill. 

1919  Gunnison,  William  T..  Rocheitcr,  N.  H. 

1914  Gunter,  B.  T.,  Acoomae,  Va. 

1896  Gunter,  Julius  C,   Denver,   Colo. 

1906  Gurley,   WillUm  F.,   Omaha,    Nebr. 

1912  Gurley,  WUllam  W..  Chicago,  HI. 

1914  Gurlita,  Augustus  T..  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Guatin,  Frsnk  J.,  Salt  Uke  City,  Utah. 

1921  Guthrie,  George  B.,  Portland,  Oreg. 
1914  Guthrie,  J.  B.,  Indlsnola,  Misa. 

1922  Guthrie,  SUnky  W.,  Loo  Aagtlca,  OsL 
1912  Guthrie,  Thomas  C,  Charlotte,  N.  C. 
1921  Guthrie,  Thomaa  J.,  Des  Moinco,  Iowa. 
1914  Guthrie.  Walter  J.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
1898  Guthrie,  William  D.,  New  York,  M.  T. 
1921  Guy,   Arthur  P..  Cakes,  N.  D. 

1918  Guy.  Charles  L,,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1921  Gity,  Walter  B.,  Waahington,  D.  O. 

1921  Gwinn,  L.  E.,  Covington.  Tenn. 

1922  Qylea,  Herbert  Edgar,  Aiken,  8.  a 

1921  Haas,  Edward  K.,  Poughkeeptie,  N.  Y. 

1918  Haaa.  Joseph  R..  Salt  Lake  City,  Otah. 

1919  Haas,  Leonard.  Atlanta.  Ga. 

1922  Haas,  Walter  Francis,  Los  Angeles,  Okl. 
1922  Haber,  Joaeph,  Jr.,  San  Frsndseo,  Ctal. 
1919  Hack,  Fred  C,  Chicago.  111. 

1921  Hack.  Oren  Stephen,  Indisnapolls,  Tnd. 

1918  Hacker,  Nicholaa  W.,  Pasadena.  Oal. 

1922  Hackett,  O.  Nelaon,  San  Francisco,  Cttl. 
1911  Hackett,  Chatmcey,  Washington.  D.  C. 
1922  Hackett,  Frank  D.,  N.  Wtlkesboro.  N.  0. 

1921  Hackett,  Raymond  E.,  Stamford,  Conn, 

1922  Hackett,    Richard    N.,    N.    Wilkesboro. 

N.  O. 

1922  Hackman,  Franklin  O.,  Seattle,  Waah. 

1916  Hackney,  Thomas,  Kanvas  City,  Mo. 
1807  Hadden,  Alex..  Heveland.  Ohio. 

1917  Haddow,  Winfred  O..  Ellsworth.  WM. 
19C8  Hadley,  A.   M.,  Bellingham.  Wash. 
1922  Hadley,   Edgar  &,  Seattle.   Waah. 
1911  Hadley,  Eugene  J.,  Boston.  Mass. 
1906  Hsdley,  Herbert  8..  Boulder,  Colo. 
1908  Hsdley,  Hiram  E.,  Seattle.   Wssh. 

1906  Hadley,  Lin  H.,  Washington,  D.  a 
1922  Hadsell,  D.,  San  Frandaco,  Oil. 
1914  Haeussler.  Harry  B.,  St.  Louia,  Mo. 
1904  Hair.  Delbert  J.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

1919  Haft.  Charles  M.,  Chicago,   HI. 

1907  Haga,  Oliver  O.,  Boise,  Idaho. 

1908  Hagan.  Henry  M.,  Chicago,  HI. 


782 


AHEBICAK  BAB  A8S0GIAII0N. 


IMO  Hagan,  Horace  H.,  Tuba,  Okla. 

19S1  Hagan,  Robert  E.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1921  Hagans,  Samuel  L.,  Oincinnati,  Ohio. 

1922  Hageman,  F.  P.,  Waverly,  Iowa. 
1918  Hager,  John   F.,   Aahland,  Ky. 
1889  Hagerman,   Frank,  Kanaaa  City,  Mo. 
1904  Hagerman,    Jamea,    Jr.,    Waahingtoa, 

D.  C. 

1906  Hagerman,  Lee  W.,  St.  Louis,  Ifo. 
1918  Hagerty,  Alfred  Q.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
1918  Haggeraon,  Fred  H.,  New  York,  K.  T. 

1900  Hagood,  Benjamin  A..,  Charleston,  S.  C. 
1918  Hague,  Jowph  T.,  Elizabeth,  N.  J. 
1914  Hahlo,  Louis  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Hahn,  Edgar  A.,  Cleveland.  Ohio. 
1922  Hahn,  Edwin  F.,  Los  Angelea,  CaL 

1910  Haid,  Edward  A.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1920  Haid,   Erwin  O.,    Memphis,   Tenn. 

1917  Haid,  George  F.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1913  Hsig,  Alfred  R.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
1928  Haight,  A.  L.,  Fallon,  Ner. 

1919  Haight,  George  I.,  Chicago,  111. 
1922  Haight,  James  A.,  Seattle,  Wash. 

1914  Haight.  Thomas  G..  Jersey  City.  N.   J. 

1921  Haight,  William  H.,  Chicago, 'HI. 

1921  Haile,  Elmer  R.,  Towaon,  Md. 

1914  Hainen,  Frank  E.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1901  Hainer,  Eugene  J.,  Lincoln,  Nebr. 

1918  Hainea,  A.,  San  Diego,  Cal. 

1912  Haines,  Charles  H.,   Denver,  Colo. 

1911  Haines,  Frank  O.,  Portland,  Conn. 

1922  Haines,  Martin  L.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

1914  Haines,  W.  A.,  Troy,  Ohio. 

1801  Hale,    Clarence,    Portland,    Maine. 

1921  Hale,  Eugene,  Jackaonville,  Fla. 

1919  Hale,  Fletcher,  Laconia,  N.  H. 

1907  Hale,  Frederick,  Washington,  D.   C 

1918  Hale,  Ledyard   P.,  Canton,   N.  Y. 
1904  Hale,  Richard  W..  Boston,  Mass. 

1919  Hale,    Robert,   Portland,   Me. 

1915  Hale,  Theodore,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1921  Hale,  W.  B.,  Rogersville,  Tenn. 
1914  Hale,   William   B..    Rochester.   N.   Y. 

1922  Hale,  William  B.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

1921  Hale,  William  Brown,  Chicago,  111. 

1922  Hale,  William  G.,  Eugene,  Ore. 

1919  Haley,  D.  Greenwood,  Jacksonville.  Fla. 

1920  Haley,  J.  H.,  Bowling  Green,  Mo. 

1921  Haley,  L.  B.,  Birmingham,  Ala. 
1921  Haley,  L.  J.,  Birmingham,  Ala. 
1914  Halfhill,  James  W.,  Lima,  Ohio. 

1916  Hall,   Alfred  S.,  Boston,   Mass. 

1921  Hall,  Arthur  R.,   Danville,   III. 

1922  Hall,  Chaffee  E.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1920  Hall,  Channing  M.,  Williamsburgh,  Va. 

1919  Hall,  Charles  H.,  Macon,  Oa. 

1921  Hall,  Charles  J.,   Dayton,   Ohio. 

1920  Hall,  aare  J.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


1912  Hall,  Claud  D.,  St.  Louia,  Mo. 
1916  Han,  Oonnor,  Huntiagtoii,  W.  Vai. 
1911  HaU,  Damon  E.,  Boston,  Maaa. 

1916  HaU,  David  F.,  Chicago.  HI. 
1911  Hall,  F.   Rockwood,  Boston,  Mass. 

1917  Hall.  Fitzgerald.  Nailiville,  Tenn. 
1922  HaU,  Frank,  San  Franciaoo.  GaL 
1911  Hall,  Frank  B.,  Worcester,  Mass. 
1906  Hall,  Frank  M.,  Lincoln,  Nebr. 
1920  Hall.  Fred  S.,  St  Louis,  Mo. 

1920  Hall,  Frederick  M..  Los  Angeles,  Gal. 
1911  HaU.  Frederick  S.,  Taunton.  Mass. 
1922  Han,  Frederick  W..  San  IVandaeo,  Oal 
1917  Hall,  George  E.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

1917  Hall,  Hhrvey  T.,  Roanoke,  Va. 

1918  Hall,  Henry  A.  L.,  New  Haven,  Ooan. 
1901  Hall,  Henry  C.  Washington,  O.  C. 

1921  Hall,  Heniy  T.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  HaU,  Homer,  St.  Louia.  Mo. 

1922  Hal],  James  A.,  WatsonviUe,  OaL 
1903  HaU,   James  P..   Chicago.    IlL 

1920  Hall.  Joseph  F.,  Richmond,  Va. 
1922  Hall,  Louia  H.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1919  Hall,  Martin  T.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1807  HaU,  Matthew  A.,  Omaha,  Nebr. 
1919  Hall,  Philo.  Brookings,  a  D. 

1921  Hall,   Pierson  M.,  Los  Angeles,  OiL 
1980  Hall,  Robert  W.,  St.  Louia.  Mo. 
1921  HaU,  Ross  0.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1921  Hall,   Roy  F.,  Bockford,  lU. 

1921  Hall,  Rufus  B.,  Jr.,  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 

1913  Hall,  Sidney,   New  York.  N.   Y. 

1922  Hall,  Thomas  C,  Temple,  Tez. 

1921  Hall,  Walter  A.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1896  Hall,  William  M.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

1914  HaU,  William  M.,  Memphia,  Tena. 

1919  Hall,  William  8.,  Boaton.  Mass. 
1918  HaU,  Willia  B.,  Portland.  Me. 
1906  HaUam,  Oscar,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
1914  Haller,  Charles  W..  Omaha,  Nebr. 

1922  Haller,  Louis  P.,  Chicago,  IlL 

1921  Halligan,   P.    R.,   Lincoln,    Neb. 

1918  Hallman.  E.  L.,  Norristown,  Pa. 

1920  HaUock,    Blaine,   Baker,   Ore. 

1917  Hallock,  Charles  P.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1911  Halloran,  J&mes  Ambrose,  Boston,  M; 

1911  Hallowell,  J.  Mott,  Boston,  Mass. 
1914  Halaey,   Don   P.,   Lynchburg.   Va. 

1912  Halsey,  Lawrence  W.,  Milwaukee,  Wia. 
1916  Halsted,  A.  S.,  Los  Angeles,  Oal. 
1916  Halverson,  George,  Ogden,  Otah. 

1922  Ham,  A.  W.,  Las  Vegas,  Nev. 

1914  Haman,  B.  Howard,  Baltimore.  Md. 

1921  Haman,  Thomas  L.,  Pittsboro,  Misik 

1921  Hamblen,  Grace.  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1919  Hamblen,  Laurence  R.,  Spokane, 

1922  Hamblin,  Fred  L.,  Rivenide,  OU. 
1922  Hambly,  F.  J.,  San  Joae,  Oal. 


ALPHABBTIOAL  LIST   OF   MBMBEB8.  ^ 


783 


102S 
1014 

im 

1917 

ini 

1914 
1916 
192S 
1916 
1916 
1919 
1914 


19n 


19U 
1914 

191S 


1914 
19S1 
1929 
1919 
1922 
1914 
1917 
1«lt 

1911 
1909 

1896 
1916 
1922 
1922 
1921 
1916 
1920 
1917 
1914 
1912 

1921 
1913 
1922 
1922 
1921 
1921 
1920 


Htmbreeht,   0.  F.,  lowt  Oitj,  Iowa, 
liambrecbt,  George  P..  MadMon,  WUl 
Hambj,  Randolph  P.,  Pnacott,  Ark. 
Hamel,  Henry  a»  Biddeford,  Mi. 
Hamele*  Ottomar,  Waahinftoo,  D.  0. 
Hamer,   R.   M..   Emporia.  Kaoaam. 
Hanwraley,  Andrew  8.,  New  Tork«  N.  T. 
HanalU,  Chalmen  U.,  Akron,  Ohio. 
Hamill,  CSiarlea  H.,  Chicago*  flL 
Handll,  Jamca  L.,  Celumbua,  Ohio. 
Hamilton.   Burritt,  Battle  Creek.   Mich. 
Hamilton,  Oharlea  8.»  Chicago.  IlL 
Hamilton,   Clay,    Topeka.    Kana. 
Hamilton,  Dexter.  Dallaa.  Texaa. 
Hamilton,  B.  Bentley,  Peoria,  HI. 
Hamilton,  Francia  £.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
Hamilton,  Fraacia  M.,  Lebanon,  Ohio. 
Hamilton,  Frank  P.,  JackaonTille,  Fla. 
Hamilton,  George  B.,  Wadiingtoo.  D.  0. 
Hamilton,  Henrj  A.,  St.  Louia,  Mo. 
Hamilton,  Heuy  DeWitt.  New  York. 

N.  T. 
Hamilton.  Herman  L.,  Bgg  Barlrar  City, 

N.  J. 
Hamilton,     Humphrey     B.,     Cftrriaoae, 

N.  M. 
Hamilton,  Peter  J.,  San  Juan,  P.  B. 
Hamilton,  R.  L.,'  Beloit,  Kan. 
Hamilton,  Robert  Gray,  New  York,  N.  T. 
Hamilton^  Robert  R.,  San  Dirge.  Cal. 
Hamilton,  Rolland  J.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
Hamilton,  W.  Howard.  Baltimore,  Md. 
Hamilton,   William  B.,  Dallaa.  Texas. 
Hamilton,  Wm.  Scott,  Fort  Madison, 

Iowa. 
Hamiter,  J.  H.,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 
Hamlin,  Clarence  Clark,  Colorado 

Springe,  Colo. 
Hamlin,  Hannibal  E.,  Ellsworth.  Maine. 
Hamlin,  O.  T..  Springfleld.  Mo 
Hamm,  L.  S.,  San  Frandaco.  Oal. 
Hammel,  John  O.,  Freno,  Oal. 
Hammel,  Samuel  B.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
Hammer,  E.  J.,  HUlsboro.  Wis. 
Hammer,  Ernest  E.  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Hammer,  O.  W.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Hamroerly,    Harry,    Chickaaha,    Okla. 
Hammeraley,    Charles    E.,     Milwaukee. 

Wis. 
Hammett,  H.  L.,  New  (^lesna,  La. 
Hammett.  W.  Geonre.  Hawley.  Minn. 
Hammock,  H.  O.,  Dermott,  Ark. 
Hammon,  Percy  V.,  Los  Angeles.  Gal. 
Hammond,  Arthur  B.,  New  Orleans.  La. 
Hammond,  B.  W..  Columbiana,  Ohio. 
Hammond.  Henry  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
BammoDd,  Jamea,  Trenton,  N.  J. 
Hammond,  Tlieodore  A..  Atlanta.  Ga. 


1922  Hammond.  William,  Oregon  Oity,  Ore. 

1914  Hampeon,  Alned  A.,  Portland.  Oregon. 

1910  Hampton,  Hilton  8.,  Tampa,  Fla. 

1910  Hampton,  William  Wade,  Gainemrille, 

Fla. 

1919  Hampton,   WUliam   Wade,  Jr.,   Gahiea- 

villa,  Fla. 

1921  Hamrick,  Fred  D.,  Ruthofordton,  N.  0. 

1907  Hanan,  John  W.,  Lagrange,  lad. 

1914  Hanavan,  George  &,  Long  laland  City, 
N.  Y. 

1921  Hanby,  Albert  T.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.- 

1920  Hanehett,  John  O.,  Valley  City,  N.  D. 

1911  Hancock,  W.  Boott,  St.  Looia.  ^Mo. 

1914  Hand,  Augivtus  N..  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1922  Hand,  Elbert  B.,  Badne,  Wia. 

1915  Hand.  Learned,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1912  Hand,  Morgan,  Cape  May  Court  HooM, 

N.  J. 

1921  Hand.  P.  Sidney,  Oamden,  N.  T. 

1922  Handel,  Geonre  F..  New  York,  N.  T. 
1921  Handlan,  J.  Bernard,  Wheeling,  W.  Ya. 

1910  Handly.   Avery.   Naahville,  Tran. 
1021  Han4y    Jamea  S.,  Chicago,  111. 

1918  Handy,  Sherman  T.,  Lansing,  Mich. 
1021  Hanecy,  Elbridge,  Chicago,  111. 

1919  Hanea,  P.  Frank.  Winston-Salem.  N.  a 

1908  Hanford,  Comeliua  H.,  Seattle,  Waah. 
1904  Hanford,  Solomon.  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1921  Hanify,  Edward  F.,  Fall  River,  Mass. 
1016  Hanitch,  Louia,  Superior,  Wis. 

1921  Hanley,   Henry  L.,  Chicago,   111. 

1922  Hanley*  Jamea  M.,  San  Francisco,  Okl. 

1906  Hanley,  Martin  F.,  Minneapolia.  Minn. 

1921  Hanley,  Stewart,  Detroit.  Mich. 

1922  Hanlon,  Oharlea  F.,  San  Franciaoo,  ChL 

1921  Hanlon,  Daniel  E.,  New  York,  N.   Y. 

1919  Hanlon,  Edward  K.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Hanna,  Byron,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

1920  Hanna,  Charles  T.,  Indianapolia,  Ind. 
1912  Hanna.  Richard  H.,  Albuquerque.  N.  M. 

1912  Hannah,  Thoroaa  C.  Hattieabunr.  Miaa. 
1922  Hannan.  George  0.,  Olympia.  Wash. 
1922  Hannan,  George  F.,  Seattle,  Waah. 

1911  Hannan.  Timothy  J.,  Milwaukee.  Wia. 

1907  Hanniirsn.  John  E.,  Boston.  Mses. 
1922  Hannon,  J.  Vincent,  Loa  Angeles^  OaL 

1921  Hannon,  John  P..  Portland.  Oreg. 
101S  Nsnnon.  Jcweph  E..  Los  Anffefea,  Pal. 

1922  Hannum,  Olarenco  S.,  Richmond,   Oal. 

1913  Hansbroufrh,  G.  F..  Blackfoot,  Idaho. 
1919  Hansen,  Otto  &,  Chicagp,  HI. 

1921  Hanson,  Clarence  M.,  Fort  Dodge,  Iowa. 

1919  Hanson,  Femsld  L..  Fall  River.  Maaa. 

1919  Hanaon.  Walter  H..  Wallace,  Idaho. 

1911  Hanten.  John  B.,  Watertown,  S.  D. 

1919  Hapeman,  W.  T.,  Chicago,  lU. 

1921  Harawitx,  Abraham,  New  York.  N.  Y. 


784 


AHSRIGAK   BAB  A6S0CUTI0K. 


1928  Harbtr,  OHntoa  B.,  Sacrtneiito,  OftL  , 

im  Harbison,  Clinton  M.,  Lexington,  i^. 

1»1S  Uarby.  Mux  E.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

ino  Hardage,  Joe,  Arkadelpbia.  Ark. 

192S  Harden*  Clarence.  San  Diego,  OaL 

1916  Uardgrove.  J.  tiilbert,  Milwaukee.  Wia. 

1922  Hardie,  Thornton,  El  Paeo,  Texaa. 

1921  Hardin,  O.  B.,  Leetville.  U. 

1919  Hardin,  G.  C,  Fort  Smith,  Ark. 

1921  Hardin,  J.  Fair,  Shreveport,  La. 
1900  Hardin,  John  R.,  Newark,  N.  J. 
1908  Harding.  Cbarlea  F.,  Chicago.  fH. 
19t0  Harding,  Charles  F.,  Jr.,  Chicago,  111. 
1919  Hording,  Edward,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1915  Harding.  F.  C,  Greenville.  N.  C. 

1922  Harding,  Julia  A.,  Jackaonville,  Fla. 
1922  Harding,  B.  T.,  San  Frandaeo,  Oal. 
1914  Harding,   W.  L.   (Dea  Hoines),  Sioux 

Cit7,  Iowa. 

Itlt  Hardon.  Henry  W.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1921  Hardr,  A.  J.,  Ardmore.  Okla. 

1919  Hardjr,  Oarloa  a,  Loa  Angelea,  OaL 

1916  Hardy,  Cbarlea  A.,  Eugene,  Oregon. 

1911  Hardy.  Cbarlea  J.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1921  Hardy,  Bmeat  W.,  Portland,  Oreg. 
1914  Hardy,  Lealie  C,  Nogalea.  Ariaona. 
1921  Hardy,  B.  D.,  Dallaa.  Texaa. 

1921  Hardy,   Rex,   Loa  Angelea,   Oil. 

1921  Hardy,    Bobert  O.,   Chicago.    lU. 

1917  Hardy,  Summera.  Tulaa.  Okla. 
1921  Hare,  Georgia,  Groton,  N.  Y. 

1907  Hare,  Montgomery,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1900  Hargest,  William  M.,  Harrlahurg,  Pa. 

1921  Hargitt,    Bobert    P.,    Cincinnati,    Ohio. 

1920  Rargrett,  Haines  H..  Tifton.  Qa. 

lilt  Harkina.  George  W.,  Jr.,  Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

1919  Harkina,  Thomas  J.,  Asherllle,  N.  C. 
1896  Harklcaa,  James  H..  Kanaaa  City.  Mo. 

1921  HarkncM,  f^ank  B..  Chicago.   111. 
1990  Harlan,  Carroll  W.,  St.  Louia.  Mo. 
1894  Harlan.  Henry  D..  Baltimore.  Md. 
int  Harlan,  John  Maynard.  Chicago,  IIL 

1920  Harlan,  Thoa.  B..  St.  J<ouia,  Mo. 
1914  Harlan,  Walter  8.,  Hamilton.  Ohio. 

1921  Harlan,  William  H.,  Bel  Air.  Md. 
1898  Harley,  Cbarlea  F..  Baltimore,  Md. 

1912  Harley,    Herbert.   Chicago.    Til. 

1918  Harley,  J.  Bmile.  Barnwell.  S.  0. 
1911  Harlow,  Leo  P..  Washington.  D.  O. 

1921  Barman,  Harry  De  Jersey.  Chicago,  111. 

1922  Herman.  Jamea  W.,  Taaewell,  Va. 
1922  Barman,    John    Newton,     Jr.,     Welch, 

W.  Va. 

1914  Harman,  Thomaa  H.,  Pikerllle.   Ky. 

1921  Harmer.  Hugh  M.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

19r)  Harmon,  Charles  N.,  Enid,  Okla. 

1896  HamoB,  Judaon,  dndnnati,  Ohio. 


1021  Harmon.  Boy  Xflton,  Ohleago,  HL 

1922  Harmon,  U.  B.,  Tacoma,  Waah. 

1922  Haraagel,  George,  Oca  Moiaca,  Iowa. 

1918  Harnsberger,    George  8.,    Harriaonburg, 

Va. 

1912  Hamwell,  Frederick  W.,  Frederick.  Ud 

19U  Harper,  Donald  (Paris,  France),  New 

York.   N.   Y. 

1911  Harper,  Fred.  Lynchburg,  Va. 
1922  Harper,  H.  O.,  Sioux  City,  Iowa. 
1922  Harper,  Harold,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1888  Harper,  Jacob  a,  U  JolU.  Cal. 

1912  Harper,  John  F.,  Milwaukee.  Wia. 
1918  Harper,  Samuel  A.,  Chicago,  111. 
1912  Harr,  William  B.,  Washington,  D.  O. 
1918  Hanell,  John  F.,  Lire  Oak.  Fla. 

1916  Harriman,  Charles  H.,  New  Haven,  Cbnn. 

1106  Harriman,   Edward  A.,  Waahiagton, 

D.  C. 

1918  Harrington.  Howard  a,  London,  B.  C. 

England. 

1921  Harrington,    Leon    W.,    Grand    Rapida, 

Midi. 

1912  Harrington,  N.  B.,  Bowling  Green.  Ohio. 

1921  Harrington,  Patrick  T.,  Chicago.   IH. 

1914  Harrington   Wm.  I^.tson,  Dover.  Del. 
1907  Harris,  Albert  H.,  New  York.  N    Y. 

1918  Harris.  Bernard, '  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

1915  Harria,  Brown,  Kanaaa  City.  Mo. 
1914  Harria.  D.  O.,  Harriman.  Tena. 

1916  Harria,  David  H..  Hilton.  Mo. 

1922  Harria,  B.  M.,  Freano,  Oal. 

1914  Harria.  Edward.  Rochea' >r.  N.  T. 

1921  Harria,  Elizabeth  C,  Waahington,  D.  CL 

1922  Harri%  Fred  J.,  Sacramento,  OaL 
1912  Harria,  George  B.,  Cleveland.  Ohio. 
1914  Harris  Gaorge  H.,  Bochestcr.  N.  Y. 

1914  Harris  Beniy  B.,  Deflanee.  Ohio 

1916  Harris  Ini,  Colorado  Springs.  O'low 

1919  Hsrris.  J.  B.,  Jackaon,  Miaa. 
1919  Harria,  Joe  a,  Monticello.  Ark. 

1917  Harris,  John  B.,  Maoon,  Ga. 
1922  Harris,  John  C,  Dallas,  Tex. 

1915  Harris,  John  M.,  Scrsnton,  Pa. 
1914  Harria.  John  T.,  Harrisonburg.  Va. 
1922  Harria,  Joseph,  Chicago,  RL 

1922  Harria,  M.  B.,  Fresno,  QiL 

1922  Hsrris,  M.  K.,  Fk«sno,  Oal. 

1919  Harria,  Marvin.   Little  Bock,   Ark. 

1914  Harria,  Msxwell  B.  New  Yofk,  N.  T. 

1921  Harris,  Paul  P.,  Chicago,  HL 

1921  Harris,    Peyton    Bandolph,    New    York. 

N.  Y. 

1922  Harris,  Bay  M.,  San  Diego,  Oal. 
1919  Harria,  Reeae  H..  Scranton,  Pa. 
1907  Harria,  8.  H.,  Oklahoma  City.  Okla. 
1990  Harria,   Samuel  Lowe,  Oklahoma    Cftr. 

OUa. 


▲LPHABBTIOAL  LIST  OF   MBMBSB8. 


786 


1918  Hania,  Samuel  T.,  Boaton,  Maaa. 

Iflt  Harria,  Sidney,  Kev  York.   N.  T. 

IKl  Harria,  Thoniaa  IL,  Lincoln,  111. 

1918  Harria,  Vermilion,  WichiU,  Kana. 

1915  Harria,  Virgil  McClure,  St.  Louia,  Mo. 
1980  Harria,  W.  C,  Emporia,  Kana. 

1914  Harria,  Walter  A..  Hacon,  Qa. 

1914  Harria,  WillUm  U.,  Toledo.  Ohia 

19S1  Harriaon,  Bruce,  Pittaburgh,  Penn. 

iStl  Barriaon,  a  Raleigh,  Knoxville,  Tena. 

1918  HarriBon,  Edward  C,  San  Pranciaco,  GaL 

1982  Harriaon,  F.  A.,  Williamatown,  Ky. 

1988  Barriaon,  Q.  N..  Brownwood,  Tezaa. 

3916  Barriaon,   Harvey  T..  Little  Rock,   Ark. 

1911  Barriaon,  J.   Henry,  Newark,  N.  J. 

UCS  Barriaon,  Julian  0..  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1990  Harrieon,  Maurice  E.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1909  Harriaon,  Randolph,  Lynchburg,  Va. 

1910  Harriaon,   Richard  0.,  San  Pranciaco, 

Ckl. 

1911  Harriaon.  Robert  L.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1910  Harriion,  Thomaa  W.,  Winchester,  Va. 
1988  Harriaon,  Z.  B.,  BlythevUle.  Ark. 

1901  Harrison,  William  B.,  Denver,  Colo. 

1918  Harrold,  Jamea  P.,  Chicago,  III. 

1914  Ilarrii,  Qeorge.  Memphia,  Tenn. 

1914  Hanh.  Griffith  R.,  Birmingham,  Ala. 

1991  Harabroan.  J.  Lloyd,  Hagentown,  Md. 
1991  Barahman,  John  Burnett,  Dayton,  Ohio. 
1921  Bart,  A.  C,  Backensack,  N.  J. 

1914  Hart,  Charles  A.,  Portland.  Ore. 

1911  Hart.  Prank  William,  New  Orleana,  da. 

1980  Hart,  George.  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

1916  Hart,   Henry  C,   Providence.   R.   L 
1988  Hart,  Henry  J.,  Bangor,  Maine. 
1928  Hart,  John  B.,  Seattle,  Wash.     • 

1921  Hart,   John   W.,   Loa  Angelea,   Cal. 

1915  Hart,  Louia  E.,  Chicago,  III. 

1917  Hart,  Merwln  K.,  Utica,  N.  Y. 

1916  Hart,  Richard  Huaon,  Denver,  Colo. 

1805  Hart,  W.  O.,  New  Orleans,  La. 
1914  Hart,  W.  R.,  Iowa  aty,  Iowa. 

1918  Hart,  William  L.,  Alliance,  Ohio. 

1981  Barter,  Henry  W.,  Oanton,  Ohio. 
1918  Bartfleld,  Joseph  M.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1980  Bartigan,  Edward,  Chicago.  111. 

1914  Hartley,  M.  J.,  Xenia,  Ohio. 

1922  Bartley,  Oscar  B.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 
1906  Hartman,  Charles  S.,  Bozeman,  Mont. 

1914  Hartman.   Francia  M.,  Tucson.   Ariaona. 

1915  Hartman,  Galen  C,  PitUburgh,  Pa. 
1921  Hartman,  Oustave,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1806  Hartman,  John  P.,  Seattle.  Wash. 
IMM  Hartman,  W.  8.,  Boxeman,  Mont 

1906  Hartman,  Wm.   Laurence,  Pueblo.  Colo, 

1921  Bartmann,  Henry  M.,  Trenton.  N.  J, 

1916  Bartmann,  Moaea,  St  Louia,  Ma, 


1928  Bartpenct,  J<^  Amitaga,  Jersey  Olty, 
N.  J. 

1908  Bartridge,  John  E.,  Jackaonville,  Fla. 
1988  Bartstein,    Benjamin    A.,    New    York, 

N.  Y. 

1981  Hartatein,  Barry  S.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1081  Hartswick,  Howard  B.,  dearteld,  Pcan. 

1981  Hartwell,  J.  G.,  Luak,  Wyo. 

1916  Hartzell.  Charlea,  San  Juan.  Porto  Rico. 

1928  Bartzell,  Ralph,  Denver,  OoIa. 

1911  Harvey,  A.  M.,  Topeka,  Kanaaa. 
1921  Barvey,  Frank  H.,   Akron,  Ohio. 

1921  Harvey,  George  Rogers,  Manila,  P.  L 

1918  Harvey.  Hubert  M.,  St.  Paul.  Minn. 

1922  Harvey,  John  J.,  Lowell,  Maaa. 

1919  Harvey.  John  L.,  Waltham,  Mass. 

1920  Harvey,  John  N.,  Brattleboro,  Vt 
1916  Harvey,  Richard  G..  Racine.  Wia. 

1916  Harvey.  Richsrd  9..  Wanhinsrton,  D.  C. 
1922  Banrcy,  T.  N.,  Bakersfleld,  OsL 

1912  Harvey.  Thomas  B.,  St.  Louis,  Me. 

1921  Harvey.  Wallace  P.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1006  Harviaon,  William  G.,  Des  Moinea,  Iowa 
1009  Harward,  Frederic  T.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
1921  Harwood,  Charles,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Harwood,  Cole  L.,  Reno,  Nevada. 

1906  Harwood.  B.  N..  Billings,  Mont. 

1921  Harwood,  Edward  E.,  Oentreville,  Mich. 

1917  Harwood,  Samuel  N.,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
1916  Harxfeld.  J.  A..  Kansaa  City,  Mo. 

1918  Hasbrouck,  O.  D.  B.,  Kingston,  N.  Y. 

1921  Hasche.    Arthur   H.,    Watertown,  8.    P. 

1922  Haakell,  Frank  H.,  Portland,  Me. 

1919  Haskell.   Harold  C,  Boston,  Mass. 
1911  Haskell,  Reuben  L.,  Brooklyn,   N.  Y. 
1911  Bask  in,  Lincoln  B.,  Hempstead,  N.  Y. 
1911  Haskins,  David  Greene.  Jr.,  Boston,  Mass 

1920  Haskina,  Earl  W.,  La  Junta,  Colo. 

1921  Haakins,  S.  M.,  Loa  Angelea,  OsL 

1919  Haalam,   Charlea  Raymond,   Providence. 

R.  L 

1914  Haslam,  Lewia  S.,  St  Louia,  Mo. 

1915  Hastings,  Allen  J.,  Olesn.  N.  Y. 

1928  Hastinga,   Daniel  0.,  Wilmingtoii,   Del. 

1014  Hastings,  George  H.,  Crete,  Nebr. 

1918  Haatings,   Gideon  B.,  Winatoo-Salem, 

N.  C. 

1921  Hastings,   Milton  S,   Waahington,   Ind. 

1913  Hastinga.  Q.  D.,  Franklin,  Pa. 
1901  Haatings,  W.  G.,  Omaha,  Nebr. 
1921  Hasty,  L.  A..  Wichita,  Kan. 

1928  Haawell,  Charles  W.,  San  Francisco,  Gal. 

1914  Haswell,  John  P..  Jr..  Louisville,  Ky. 
1988  Hatch,  A.  C.  Heber  City,  Utah. 

1907  Hatch.  Edward  W.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1988  Hatch,  Eugene  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Hatch,  Frank  L.,  Springfield.  HI. 

1909  Hatch,  William  a,  Ypailanti,  Mioh. 


786 


AKERICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


■LBCTSD 

1013  Hatfield,  Henry  R.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1922  Hatfield,  V.  L.,  Sacramento.  OaL 

1921  Hatton,  Jainea  A.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1921  Hatton,  William  D.,  Tonopah,  Ner. 

1921  Hauck,  Henry  O.,  Oincinnati,   Ohio. 

1921  Hauer,  Edward  O.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1912  Haughwout,  James  Ard,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1921  Hausberg,  Ernest,  Charles  City,  Iowa. 

1913  Hause,  J.  Prank  E.,  West  Chester,  Pa. 

1920  Hauaman,  Albert  E.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1921  Hauasermann,  John  W.,  New  Richmond, 

Ohio. 

1918  Hauxhurst,  H.  A.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1916  Havard,  Charles  H.,  Chicago,  111. 

1921  Haven,  Harold  E.,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 

1913  Haven,  Thomas  E.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1921  Haverty,  John  M.,   Pittsburgh,   Penn. 

1913  Haviland,  Henry  M.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Haviland,  John,  Jr.,  Phoenixville,  Pa. 

1918  Havner,  Horace  M.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

1920  Haw,  J.  M.,  Charleston.  Mo. 

1916  Bawea,  Hany  B..  Washington,   D.   0. 

1910  Hawes,   T.   S.,   Bainbridge,   Ga. 

1921  Hawke,  George  S.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1922  Hawkins,  Eugene  A.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

1913  Hawkins,   Horace  N.,   Denver,   Colo. 
1904  Hawkins,  John  J..  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
1920  Hawkins,  Kenneth  B.,  Chicago,  111. 

1920  Hawkins.  Kirk,  Springfield.  Mo. 

1922  Hawkins,  Leslie  0.,   Winnemucca,  Ner. 

1922  Hawkins,  N.  A-.  Modesto.  Cal. 

1907  Hawkins.   Prince  A.,  Reno,  Nev. 

1914  Hawkins,  Richard  H..  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

1921  Hawley,    Earl,    Poughkeepsie,    N.    T. 
1909  Hawley,  James  H.,  Boise.  Idaho. 

1907  Hawley,  Jess  B.,  Boise,  Idaho. 

1920  Hawley,  Joseph  W.,  Trinidad,  Colo. 

1917  Hawley,  R.  D.,  Douglas,  Wyo. 

1919  Haworth,  P.  L.,  Breckenridge,  Texas. 

1922  Hawson,  Henry,  Fresno.  Cal. 

1920  Hawthorn,  John  Williamson,  .\lexandria. 

La. 

1911  Hawthorne,  D.  K.,  Little  Rock.  Ark. 
1919  Hawxhurst,  Ralph  R..  Chicago,  111. 

1916  Hay.  Charles  M..  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1921  Hay,  ClilTord  E.,  Thomasville,  Ga. 
1906  Hay,  Eugene  0.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Hay,  Henry,  Antigo,  Wis. 

1913  Hay,   Logan,  Springfield,  111. 

1921  Hay,   William  Sherman,  Chicago,   111. 

1918  Hayden,  Albert  F.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1914  Hayden,  Elmer  M.,  Tacoma,  Wash. 

1917  Hayden.  Merritt  U.,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

1922  Hayden,  W.  H.,  Seattle,  Wash. 

1913  Haydon,  Wm.  Q..  East  Las  Vegas,  N.  M. 

1921  Hayes,  Abner  P.,  Watcrbury,  Conn. 

1908  Hayes,  Alfred.  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Hayes,  Carroll,  New  York.  N.  T. 


BLBCTBO 

1922  Hayes,  E.  h.,  San  Francisco,  OaL 

1917  Hayes,  George  B.,   New  York,  N.   Y. 

1916  Hayes,  Howard  W.,  Chicago,  111. 

1912  Hayes,  James  H.,  Jr.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1914  Hayes,  John  B.,  Rochelle,  HI. 

1917  Hayes,  Johnson  J.,  North  Wilkeaboro. 
N.  0. 

1914  Hayes,  P.  H.,  Phoenix,  Arizona. 

1921  Hayes,  Robert  0.,  Dead  wood,  8.  D. 

1918  Hayes,  Samuel  W.,  Oklahoma  City.  Okla. 

1920  Hayes,  Walter  A.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1910  Hayes,  William  A.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

1922  Hayes,   William  J.,   Oakland.   Cal. 
1922  Hayhurst,  L.  B.,  Fresno,  Cal. 

1921  Haymond,  Frank  C,  Fairmont,  W.   Vs. 

1913  Haymond,  W.  E.,  Sutton,  W.  Va. 
1909  Haymond,  William  T.,  Muncie,  Ind. 

1920  Haynes,  Delos  G.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1901  Haynes,   H.   N.,   Greeley,   Colo. 

1921  Haynes,  J.   Marion,  Waahington,   D.   C. 

1911  Haynsworth,  Heniy  J.,  Greenville,  S.  C. 
1913  Hays,  Arthur  G.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1913  Hays,  Daniel  P.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1914  Hays,  Frank  M.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 

1920  Hays,  George  W.,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 
1909  Hays,  Samuel  H.,  Boise,  Idaho. 

1921  Hays,   William  B.,  Oentenrllle,  Iowa. 

1902  Hayt,  Charles  D.,  Denver,  Colo. 

1908  Hayter,   Oscar,   Dallas,   Oregon. 
1916  Hayward,  Francis  M.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
1916  Hayward,  Jonathan  B.,  New  York.  N.  T. 
1916  Haywood,  Ernest,  Raleigh,  N.  C. 
1906  Haywood,  George  P.,  La  Fayette,  Ind. 
1921  Hazard,   S.    Robert,    Des   Moines,   Iowa. 

1921  Hazard,  Walter,  Georgetown,  S.  O. 

1911  Hazelton,  Dallas  M.,  Gouvemeur.  N.   T. 

1919  Hazen,   Irwin   R.,   Chicago,   111. 

1920  Hazen,   Maynard   T.,    Hartford,    Conn. 

1922  Hazlett,  William,  Los  Angeles,  Osl. 

1909  Ilazzard,   Yemon,  Monongahela,   Pa. 

1912  Head,  James  D.,  Texarkana,   Ark. 
1914  Head.  John  B.,  Greensburg,  Pa. 
1922  Headley,    Cleon,    St.    Paul,    Minn. 

1921  Headley,  Sanford  A.,   Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1918  Heald,  Charles  D.,  Dayton,  Ohio. 
1921  Heald,  George  A.,  Spencer,  Iowa. 

1913  Healey,  J.  Ward,  Leominster,  Maas. 
1921  Healey,  William  F.,  Derby,  Conn. 

1920  Healy,  C.  Walter.  Detroit,  Mich. 

1921  Healy,  Daniel  M.,  Chicago,  HI. 
1916  Healy,  Frank  E.,  Hartford.  Conn. 
1906  Healy,  John  J.,  Chicago,  Hi. 

1921  Healy,  M.  J.,  Lincoln,  Kan. 
1918  Healy,   Robert.   Fort  Dodge,  Iowa. 
1913  Healy,  Robert  E.,  Bennington,  Vt 

1922  Healy,  Timothy,  San  Francisco,  OaL 
1921  Heaney,  George  B.,  Berlin,  Wis. 


ALPHABETICAL   LXST   OF  HBMBSRS. 


787 


1922  RtBoej,  Jobn  William/  Santa  Baibart, 

OaL 

1911  Heard,    Nathan.   Boston,    Mass. 

1906  Heath.  Jamea  Elliott,  Norfolk,  Va. 
19S1  Heavilin,  Roscoe  A.,  Marion,  Ind. 
1919  Hebel,  Oscar,  Chicago,  111. 

191S  Hechmer,  John  L.,  Grafton,  W.  Ya. 

1907  Hedgea,  Job  E.,  New  York.  N.  T. 
1922  Hedgeai  Joa.  E.,  Oregon  City,  Ore. 

1919  Hedrick,  Edwin,  Chicago,  111. 

1915  Heebner,  Charlea,   Philadelphia,   Pa. 

1920  Heen.  William  H.,  Honolulu,  Hawaii. 

1921  Heiferan,  William  S.,  Chicago,  HI. 
1921  Heflin,  Paul  B.,  Streator,  HL 

1920  Hefner,  R.  A.,  Ardroore,  Okla. 

1921  Hegler,  Benjamin  P.,  Wichita,  Kan. 

1916  Heidelberger,  Wilhelm,  Kansaa  Cltj,  Mo. 

1914  Heidingafeld,  Ben  L.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1915  Heiligman,  Otto  R.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
1914  Heilner,  Joseph  J.,  Baker  City,  Oregon. 

1922  Heine,  H.  Eogene.  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

1913  Heine.    M.    Caaewell,    Newark,    N.    J. 
1921  Helner,    William    Graham,    Pittsburgh, 

Penn. 

1921  Helnaheimer,  Norbert,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Heints,  Prank  J.,  Jackaonville,  Fla. 

1921  Heinta,  Michael  G.,  andnnati,  Ohio. 

1921  Heints,   Victor,  Cincinnati.   Ohio. 

1921  Heintnnan,  J.  W.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1914  Heiserman,  0.  B.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1919  Heiskell,  Lamar  L.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 
1918  Heitman,  Charles  L.,  Rathdrum.  Idaho. 

1916  Heitman,  Numa  F..  Kansaa  City,  Mo. 

1921  Helander,  William  E.,  Chicago,  III. 

1922  Held,  W.  D.  L.,  Ukiah,  Cal. 

1921  Helfat,  J.  Nathan,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1920  Helfroan,  Harry,  Detroit,  Mich. 
1913  Heller,    E.    F.,    Wilkea-Barre.    Pa. 
1916  Heller,  E.  S.,  San  Francisoo,  Cal. 

1921  Heller,  Isaac  S..  New  Orleans,  La. 

1911  Hellier,  Charles  E„  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1920  Hellings.  Dana  B.,  Buffalo,  N*.  Y. 

1921  Helm,  Thomas  E.,  Little  Rock.  Ark. 

1918  Helm,  Thomaa  Kennedy,  Louisville,  Ky. 

1919  Helmer,  Bessie  Bradwell.  Chicago.  111. 

1922  Helmer,  Charles  C,  Carroll.  Iowa. 
1916  Helmer,  Prank  A.,  Chicago,  III. 
1922  Helsell,  Charles  A.,  Fort  Dodjre,  Iowa. 
1922  Helsell,   Frank  P.,   Seattle,   Waah. 
1878  Hemenway,  Alfred,  Boaton,  Maas. 

1912  Hemenway,   Charles  R.,  Honolulu, 

Hawaii. 

1921  Hemingway,  William,  University,   Miss. 

1912  Hemingway,    Wilson    E.,    Little    Rock. 

Ark. 

1912  Hemlock,  Daniel  J..  Waukesha,  Wia. 

1907  Bemmens,  Henry  J.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Hemmlngway,  R.  S.,  Bloomsburg,  Penn. 


■LBCTED 

1922    HemphiU,  Edward  Strobel.  fackaotiTnie. 

Fla. 
1922    Hemphill,    John    Mickle,    Philadelphia. 

Pa. 
1920    Hemple,  Oustaf  A.,  Turlock,  Cal. 
1914    Hempstead,  Clark.  Minneapolis.  Minn. 
1922    Hench,  George  M.,  Tracy,  Cal. 

1920  Heridersbot.  C.  L..  Denver,  Colo, 
1922    Henderson,'  A.  8.,  Las  Vegaa,  Ncr. 
1922    Henderaon,  Charles  B.,  Elko,  Ner. 

1912  Henderson,  t>.  C,  Lima,  Ohio. 

1914    Henderson,  Daniel  B..  Washington,  D.  O. 

1917  Henderson,    Devereaux,    St.    Louia,    Mo. 
Iiri2    Henderaon,  G.  D.,  Little  Rock.  Ark. 

1910  Henderson,  George.  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1919  Hoideraon,  Harry  B.,  Jr.,  Cheyenne. 

Wyo. 
1912 ,  Henderson,  Hiram  Hunt,  Ogden,  U^yih. 

1921  Henderaon,  J.  A.,  Jefferson.  Iowa. 

1918  Henderson,  John  H.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

1913  Henderson.  John  J.,  Meadville,  Pa. 
1807  Henderaon,  John  M..  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
1918  Henderaon,  Joseph  W.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

1920  Henderaon,  O.  J..  Webster  City.   Iowa. 
1013    Henderaon,  Robert  A.,  Altoona,  Pa. 

1916  Henderson,  Samuel  J.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1918  Henderson,  T.  S.,  Cameron,  Tex. 

1922  Henderaon.  Wilbur,  Portland,  Ore. 
1922    Henderson,     William    B.,     Minneapolta, 

Minn. 

1911  Henderson,    William   G.,    Washington, 

D.  C. 
1013    Henderaon,  William  O.,  Columbua,  Ohio. 
1922    Hendren,  F.  B.,  Wilkeaboro,  N.   C. 
1911    Hendren,  W.  M.,  Winston-Salem,  N.  0. 
1922    Hendrickson,     Robert    E.,    New    York, 

N.  y. 

1931    Hendricks,  Henry  S.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1917  Hendricks,  John  A.,  Marshall,  N.  O. 

1914  Hendricks,  Philip  A.,  Boaton,  Maas. 

1916  Hendrix,  Frank  C,  New  London,  Mo. 

1921  Hendry,    Alex  S.,   McPherson,   Kan. 

1920  Hendryx,  Coy  W.,  Dowagiac.  Mich. 

1922  Heney,  Francia  J.,  Loa  Angeles,  Cal. 

1913  Hengstlcr,  Louis  T.,  San  Francisco.  Cal. 

1921  Henley,  Benjamin  J.,  Reno,  Mev. 

1919  Henley,  Nor>'eIl  L.,  Williamsburg,  Va. 

1921  Henneberry,    James    W.,    Eagle    Grove, 

Iowa. 

1917  Henney,  William  P.,  Hartford,  Conn. 
1011    Henning,  Edward  J.,  Washington,  D.  0. 

1922  Henning,  Frank  A.,  Lodi,  Cal. 

1914  Henning,  Robert,  Fairbury,  111. 

1920  Henning.  Thomaa  C,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
1922  Hennings,  Abraham  J..  Chicago,  111. 
1922  Henriquea,    Edouard    F.,    New    Orleans. 

La. 


788 


AMERICAN  BAB  AS8OGIATI0K. 


1921  Henrique*,  Fernando,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1911  Henriques,  Jamet  C,  New  Orleana*  La. 
1918  Henry,  Burt  W.,  New  Orleans,  La. 

1918  Henry.  C.  V.,  Lebanon,  Pa. 

7921  Heniy,  Elbert  A.,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

1921  Henry,   Ed.    D.,   Springfield,   111. 

1909  Henry,  George  F.,  Dea  Moines,  lova. 

1920  Heniy.  H.  D.,  liangum,  Okla. 

1917  Henry,  J.  Porter,  St  Loula,  Mo. 

1921  Henry,  Lewis,  Elmira,  N.  T. 
1921  Henry,  Louis,  Chicago,  HI. 

1921  Henry,'    Robert    L.,    Jr.,     WaahingtoB, 
'      D.  O. 

1914  Henry,  Thomas  W,  Washington,  D.  0. 

1922  Henry,  W.  T.,  Dallas,  Tex. 

1921  Hensel.   Donald   D.,   Muncle,   Ind. 

1922  Henshall,  R.  F.,  San  Francisco,  OaL 

1912  HeniAiaw,  John,  Providence,   R.  I. 

1920  Henshaw,  Marshall  B.,  Honolulu,  Hawaii. 

1921  Henshaw.  Stanl^r  K.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1918  Hemley,  Charles  G.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1920  Henaon,  Charles  L^,  Mt.  Vernon,  Mo. 
1918  Henson,  J.  O.,  Martinsburg,  W.  Va. 
1980  Henson,  L.  M.,  Poplar  Bluff.  Mo. 

1918  Hepburn,  C.  J.,  Philadelphia,  Ps. 
1897  Hepburn,  Charles  M.,  Bloomlngton,  lad. 

1922  Herald,  Ernest  B.,  Seattle,  Wash. 
1916  Herbert,  James,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

1921  Herbert,  Paul  W.,  Chicago,  Ul. 
1909  Herbert,    Robert  Beverly,  Columbia, 

8.  C. 

1922  Herbruck,   Wendell.  Canton.   Ohio. 

1914  Hereford,  Frank  H.,  Tucson,  Arisona. 

1921  Herget,  Roacoe,  Peoria,  HI. 

1915  Herkimer.   Bert  8.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1922  Herman,  Maxwell  R.,  Chicago,  HL 
1909  Herman,   Samuel   A.,   Winated,   Conn. 
1914  Hermann,  John  C,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1914  Hemandea,    Joae    Conrado,    San    Juan. 

P.  R. 

1914  Hemdon,  Charles  W.,  Kingman,  Ariaona. 

1921  Hemdon,  Gray,  Springfield,  lU. 

1921  Hero,    William   Sommer,    New   Orleans, 

U. 

1900  Herold,  S.  L.,  Shreveport,  La. 

1922  Herr,  Dougal,  Hoboken,  N.  J. 

1919  Herr,  Henry  P.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1906  Herr,  Willis  B.,  Seattle.  Wash. 
1918  Herrick,  D.  Cady,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

1922  Herrick,  Frederick  IC.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1916  Herrick,  Myron  T.,  Cleveland.  Ohio. 
1918  Herrick,  Robert  F.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1914  Herrick,  Samuel,  Washington.   D.  O. 
1922  Herrick,  W.  K.,  Cherokee,   Iowa. 

1921  Herrick,  Walter  D.,  Chicago,  111. 

1918  Hemn.  William  P.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1922  Harrington,  B.  A.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
1894  BerringtoD,  Caas  £.,  Denver,  Colo. 


1906  Herrington,  Fred,  Denver,  Cola 

1922  Herrington,  George,  8ui  Frandaoo,  OaL 

1919  Herriott,  Irving,  Chicago,  HI. 

1921  Herrod,  A.  J.,  Kansas  City,  Kan. 

1912  Herron,  Joseph  C,  Kokomo,  Ind. 

1920  Herron,  W.  W.,  Trenton,  Tenn. 
1901  Hersey.  Henry  J.,  Denver,  Colo. 

1922  Bershfield,  A.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1918  Herts,  A.  J.,  St  Paul.  Mian. 
1911  Hertxog,  D.  M.,  Uniontown,  Pa. 

1917  Hertwiff,  Herman  S.,  New  York,  H.  Y. 

1911  Hervey,  Jamca  M.,  Roswell,  N.  IL 

1921  Hervey,  Wm.  Rhodes,  Loa  Angelea,  CU. 
1914  Herzberg,  Max.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1914  Heraog,  Paul  M.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1919  Heskett,  Frank  H..  San  Diego.  OaL 

1922  Hess,  Andrew  J.,  Sidney,  Ohia 
1921  Hess,  Franklin,  Chicago,  HL 

1921  Hess,  Harvey  W.,  Hebron,  Neb. 

1917  Hess,  Jerome  Ssylea,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1916  Hess,  Sylvan  E..  St.  Paul.  Minn. 

1922  Hess,  William  T.,  San  Francisco,  OaL 
1922  Hessick,  Delbert  A.,  Florence,  Oolo. 

1920  Hetchler,  Albert  J.,  Detroit,.  Mich. 

1921  Hetfleld,  WaV-r  L.,  Jr.,  Plainfleld.  N.  J. 

1922  Hettman,  Walter  E.,  San  Franciaeo.  OiL 
1904  Heuisler,  Charles  W.,   Baltimore,  Md. 
1922  Heward,  Harlan  h.,  Reno,  Nev. 

1921  Hewea,  Thomss,  Hartford,  Conn. 

1921  Hewitt,  Benjamin  H.,  Mystic,  Ooim. 

1918  Hewitt,  Harrison,  New  Hsven,  Conn. 

1922  Hewitt,  Hany  R.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

1921  Hewitt.  John  Vance,   New  York,  N.   Y. 

1922  Hewitt,  Leslie  R,  Los  Angeles,  CU. 
1904  Hewitt,  Luther  B.,  Philadf>lphia,  Pn. 
1916  Hewitt,  Robert  A.,  Mayaville,  Mo. 

1918  Hewitt.  Thomas  D.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1919  Hextell,   Carl  Bert,   Dea  Moines,  Iowa. 
1921  Heydt,  Herman  A.,  New  York.  N.  T. 

1921  Heyl.  Clarence  W,  Peoria,  111. 

1919  Heyman,  Arthur,  Atlanta,  Oa. 

1922  Heyman,-  Henry  K.,  N«w  York,  K.  Y. 

1918  Heyn,  Bernard  G.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1920  Heyward,  George  0.,  Jr.,  Savannah,  Oa. 
1922  Hejrwood,  John  Guthrie,  San  Fnnciaco. 

Cal. 

1921  Hiatt,  William  M.,  Los  Angelea.  OaL 

1922  Hibbard,  Charles  B.,  Laoonla,   N.    H. 

1919  Hibben,  Samuel  E„  Chicago,  lU. 

1913  Hibberd.  D.  P.,  PhilsdelphU,  Pa. 

1912  Hice,  Agnew,  Beaver,  Pa. 

1920  Hickam.  John  P..  Stillwster,  Okla. 

1916  Hickcox,  Rosa  T..  Elcentro,  OaL 

1917  Hickenlooper,   Smith.   Cincinnati,  Ohlow 

1921  Hickey,  James  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Hickey,  John  Jl.  Wsahington.   D.   a 

1914  Hickey,  Mayo  B.,  Alboqnerqoe,  N.  M. 
1980  Hickey,  Rufua  IL,  XonMowiu 


ALFHABBTICAL  IJ8T  OF  1CB1CBER8. 


789 


ins 

vn» 
ins 

1918 

iii6 

IMO 

ins 
mi 

1921 

ins 

IMS 

liis 
inr 
ms 

1920 
1922 


ins 

1921 
190S 
19U 

ins 
in4 


ini 

1921 
USl 
1920 

mi 


1920 

ins 

1922 
1M4 

mi 

191S 
1020 


190S 

isn 
in4 

191S 
1909 


1919 

i9n 

1921 
1922 
1909 
1921 


ins 


Hl^i^,  W,  N.p  Monriitown,  Tmi. 
Hickimui,    Undley    ADiwii,    Looifvflle, 

RIekok,  T.  &,  Canton,  Pn. 
Hiekox,  Chtrl^  B.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
Hickt,  A.  R.,  Twin  Falls,  Idaho. 
Hicks,  Arthur  P.,  Detroit.  Miefa. 
Hicks,  n.  A.,  Demrer,  Colo. 
Hicks,  R.  Randolph,  New  York,  N.-  Y. 
Hicks,  Thurston  T.,  Henderson,  N.  O. 
Hicks,  Xenophon,  Clinton,  Tenn. 
Hicks,  Yale.  San  Antonio,  Texas. 
Hlentt,  Clarence  C,  Louisville,  Ky. 
Hifbee,  Hany.  Pittsteld,  IlL 
Higbee,  Jesse  B.,  U  Crosse.  W1& 
Higdon,  T.  B.,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
Hiffinbolhaa,  Bnfus  L.,  Bowling  Oksb. 

Mo. 
Higffins,  Alvln  If.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Higgins,  Bdwaid  r.,  Kenosha,  Wisi 
Biggins,   Edwin   W.,   Norwich,  Coul 
Higgins,  Grore  L.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 
Higrins,  John  a,  Seattle,   Wssh. 
Higgins,  Joseph  C,  Naahrille,  Teim. 
Higgins.  Richard  J.,  Kansss  City,  Bans. 
Higyins,  Richsrd  T.,   Winsted.  Com. 
Higgins,  William  R.,  Indianapolis,  ted. 
Hight,  Clarence  Albert,  Boston,  Mass. 
Higley,  Brodie  G.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
Higlcy,  Charles,  dereland,  Ohio. 
Rilbun,  Henry.  Laurel,  Mias. 
Hildreth,   llelyin  A.,   Fargo,   N.   D. 
HiU,  Arthur  Dehon,  Boaton,  Hasa. 
Hill,  Ben  C.  Tucson,  Ark. 
Hfll,  Oarl  N..  Madison,  Wia. 
Hill,  Cbarlas  A.,  Fresno,  CaL 
Hin,  Daykl  W.,  Poplar  BlufT.  Mo. 
Hni,   Donald   Mackay,   Boston.   Mass. 
Hill.  Gala  a,  Albaqy,  Oregon. 
Hill,  George  A.,  Jr.,  Houston,  Tex. 
HIU,  Oeofgt  0.,  IndianapoUSk  Ind. 
Hill,  Heniy  W.,  Buffalo.  N.  Y. 
HiU,  Ira  A.,  Cherokee,  Okla. 
Hill,  J.  P.,  9uk  Angelo,  Texaa. 
Hill,  James  Gilbert,   Lowell,  MasL 
Hill.  John  W.,  Chicago.  Hi. 
Hill,  Joseph  M.,  Fort  Smith,  Ark. 
Hill,  Luther,  Boston,  Mask 
HiU,  O.  8.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Hill,  Philip  8..  New  York,  N.   Y. 
HiU,  Sam  B..  WaterrUle.  Wash. 
BUI,  Samuel.  Seattle,  Wash. 
Bill,   Sberwln  A.,   Detroit,  Mich. 
Hill,  Thomaa  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Hill,  Walter  B.,  E.  Liverpool,  Ohio. 
Hfll,  Walter  L.,  Scranton,  Pa. 
Hilloary,  Louis  R*,  Terre*Haute,  Ind. 
HiUss^  WOllam  &»  Wllminffton,  Del. 


ins  Hillhottse,  James,  New  Ham.  C/vmi. 

1922  Billiard,  Benjamin  Ol,  Denver,  Odin. 

1922  HlUman,  Archibald  M.,  Worcester.  Maaa. 

191S  Hills,  A.  T..  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1021  Hilla,  Charles  W.,  Jr.,  Chicago,  HL 

mi  Hills,  George  E.,   Boston,  Mas. 

1922  HiUyer,  Curtia,  San  Diego,  Cal. 

1920  Rillyer,  Granby,  Lamar,  Colo, 
ms  Hilton,  Clifford  L.,  St.  Paul,  Minn, 
ms  Hfltott,  George,  Oshkosh,  Wk. 
1918  Himel.  Ren«  H..   Frsnklin.  La. 
1922  Htanmel,  James  A.,  San  Francisco,  OaL 
1922  Himrod,  William  B.,  Los  Angeles,  Oal. 

1921  Hinchcliffe,  Louk  V.,  Paterson.  N.  J. 

ms  Hinekl^,  Frank  E.,  San  Franciaco,  CaL 

1906  Hinckley,  Frank  L.,  Providence,  R.  I. 

in4  Hinckley.  John  C,  Philadelphk,  Pa. 

ISn  Hincks,  Carroll  C,  Watcrbury,  Conn. 

ISn  Hindman,     Albert     C,     Ancon,     Oinal 

1922  Hindman,  Charles  a,  Portland,  Ort^ 
1921  Hinda.  A.  C.  Kingstree.  8.  C 
m4  Hine.  Charles  P.,  Cleveland.  Ohio, 
m?  Hines,  Charles  A.,  Greensboro,  N.  O. 
1807  Hines,  Clark  B.,  Bellville.  Ohio. 
19n  Hines,  David  G.,  Benkelman.  Neb. 
1921  Hines,  Patrick  A.,  Chicago.  lU. 
ins  Hines,  T.  D.,  Jackson.  Mo. 
1911  Hines.  Walker  D.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
19n  Hinkel,   Frederick  A.,   HamUton,  Ohio. 

1921  Hinkle,  Philip.  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1801  Hinklcy.  John.  Baltimore.  Md. 

1922  Hinman,  A.  A.,  Laa  Vegas,  Nev. 
1921  Hinman,  Harold  J.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
inZ  Hinrichs,  Alfred  B.,  New  Ydrk,  N.  Y. 
in4  Hinrichs.  Frederic  W.,  New  York,  N.   Y. 
1908  Hinton,  Edward  W.,  Chicago,  lU. 
in4  Hippie,  Henry,  Williamsport,  Pa. 
1921  Hippler,  C.  Harold,  Canton,  HI. 
1920  Hirsch,  A.  L.,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

1920  Hirsch,  Albert  C.  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

1921  Hiisch,  Edward  L.,  Burlington,  Iowa. 
191S  Hirsch,  Harold,  Atlanta.  Ga. 
m4  Hirsch.  J.  K.,  Vicksburg,  Miss. 
m7  Hirsch,  Morrk  J.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1906  Hirschberg,  Henry,  Newburgb,   N.   Y. 
1918  Hirschberg,  M.  H..  Newburgh,  N.  Y. 
in4  Hirsh,  Hugo.  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1906  Hirsh,   J.,    Vicksburg.    Miss. 
in2  Hisoock,  Frank  R.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 
ISBS  Risky*  Thomas  Foley,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1906  Histed,  Clifford.  Kansaa  City,  Mo. 

1921  Hitch,  Marcoa,  Chicago,  Ul. 
mi  Hitch,  Mayhew  R..  New  Bedford,  Mass- 

1922  Hitch,  Robert  M.,  Savannah,  Ga. 

1907  Hitchcock,  George  C,  St.  Lonis^  Ma 
19n  Hitdiooek,  Hofaert  B.,  Mitchell,  8.  D. 


790 


AMfiBIOAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


1911  Hitchcock,    WUliam    Harold,    BoBton, 

IfML 

1820  Bite,  Charles  M.,  Honolulu,  Hawaii. 

1914  Hite,  D.  R.,  Topeka,  Kana. 

1912  Hitt,  Rector  C,  OtUwa,  111. 

1912  Hlxflon,  Virgil  I.,  Maniatique,  Mich. 

1922  Hlarac,  Albert,  Jr.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1878  Boadljr,  George,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1912  Hoag,  Parker  H.,  Chicago,  111. 
1911  Hoague,    Theodore,   Boston,   IfaiB. 

1921  Hoar,  David  B..  Springileld,  ICaas. 

1922  How,  Friend,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1922  Hoar,  Samuel,  Boston,  Maai. 

1918  Hoban,  Owen  A.,  Gardner,  Maaa. 
19U  Hobart,  Ralph  W.,  Oerlng,  Nehr. 
1916  Hobbie,  Reeve,  Kankakee,  HL 
1911  Hobbe,  Elon  S.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1928  Hobbe,  H.  W.,  San  Franciaco.  Cal. 
1921  Hobbs,  T.  Oibaon,  Ljmchburg,  Va. 
1921  Robba,  William  C.  G.,  Lexington,  Ej, 

1916  Hobein,  Frank  A,  St  Louia.  Mo. 

1917  Hochberg,  Oacar,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1913  HochsUdter,  Hany  C.  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
1913  Rocker,  J.  W.,  Loa  Angeles,  OrI. 

1906  Hodgdon,  C.   W.,  Hoquiara,  Wash. 

1920  Hodgdon,  Waldo  Colbum,  Roston,  Maas. 

1910  Hodges,  Arthur  B.,  Charleston,  W.  Va. 

1921  Hodges,  Charles  M.,  Portland,  Oreg. 

1921  Hodges,  Ernest  Stanlej",  Chicago,  HL 

1911  Hodges,  Frank  B.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

1913  Hodges,  George  C,  Boston,  Mass. 
1901  Hodges.  George  L.,  Denver,  Colo. 

1912  Hodges,   Vernon  E.,   Washington,  D.  0. 
1906  Hodges,  William  V.,  Denver,  Colo. 

1920  Hodghead,    Beverly   L.,    San    Francisco, 

CaL 

1018  Hodgson,  J.  M.,  Cheyenne,  Wyo. 

1916  Hodaon,  Clarence,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Hoeffler,  J.  N.,  Cle  Elum,  Wash. 

1913  Hoefler.  Henry  A.,   Philadelphia.  Pa. 
1922  Hoefler,  L.  M.,  San  Francisco,  CaL 

1914  Hoes,  Ernest  P.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Hocy,  Clyde  R.,  Shelby,  N.  0. 

1922  Hoey,  James  F.,  Martinez,  Cal. 
1921  Hofr,   Alonzo,  Springfield,  111. 

1909  Hoffheimer,  Harry  M.,  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 

1921  Hoffman.    Bemhart   Eliot,    New   Haven, 

Conn. 

1022  Hoffman,  Calvin  W.,  Leon,  Iowa. 

1914  Poffman.   Charlps  W..   CinHnnati,   Ohio. 

1922  Hoffman,  E.  E.,  Richfield,  Utah. 
1921  Hoffman,  Herman,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1913  Hoffman.   John   D.,   Bethlehem,   Pa. 
1921  Hoffman,  Julius  J.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1919  Hoffman,    Leo   W.,    Chicago.    111. 

1921  Hoffmeister,     Charles     H.,     Cincinnsti, 

Ohio. 

1921  Hoffstatter,  E.   W.,  Nyack,  N.  Y. 


BLBCTKD 

1914  Uofnayer,  I.  J.,  Albany,  Georgia. 

1981  Hofstra,  Peter,  Paterson,  N.  J. 

1911  Hogan,  Frank  J.,  Washingtofi.  D.  O. 
1922  Hogan,  Frank  P.,  Fonda,  Iowa. 

1913  Hogan,  George  M.,  St  Albana,  Vt 

1912  Hogan,  Granville,  St  Louis,  Mo. 

1914  Hogan,  John  E.,  Taylorville,  IlL 
1921  Hogan,  John  W.,  Albany.  N.  Y. 
1916  Hogan,  Robert  S.,  West  Plains,  Mow 

1921  Hogan,  Vi^pent,  Canon,  N.  D. 

1922  Hogan,  WiUiam  A.,  Lowell,  Maas. 
1922  Hoge,  J.  Hampton,  Saa  Francisco,  Oal. 

1909  Hogg,  Charles  E.,  Point  Pleasant.  W.  Va. 
1919  Hogin,  John  C,  Belleville,  Kaiw. 

1913  Uogsett,  William  S.,  Kanaas  City.  Mol 
1912  Hogue,  Arthur  S.,  Plattsbnrgh,  N.  T. 
1916  Hogueland.  E.  H.,  Topeka,  Kansi 
1928  Hohfeld,  Edward,  San  Frandsco,  OaL 

1921  Hoke,  Clem  V.,  Van  Wert,  Ohio. 

1922  Hoke,  George,  MInneapolia,  Minn. 
1082  Holbrook,  Evans,  Ann  Arbor,  Mbch. 

1912  Holbrook,  Ralph  S.,  Toledo,  Ohio. 

1914  Holbrook,  T.  J.,  Galveston,  Texas. 
1914  Holcomb,  A.  T.,  Portsmouth,  Ohio. 
1907  Holcomb,  Alfred  E.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1916  Holcomb,  Chauncey  P.,  Shanghai.  Ghtaa. 
1922  Holcomb,  Grant,  San  BemardiiM).  CM. 
1919  Holcomb,    Margaret    X.    Kempley,    Ijos 

Angeles,  Cal. 

1919  Holcomb,  William  H.,  Loa  Ai^dea,  Oal. 

1921  Holden,    Renedict   M.,    Hartford,    Ooul 

1919  Holden,  Charles  R.,  Chicagt),  HL 

1913  Holden,  Frederick  Wm.,  Ansoala,  Coaii. 
1921  Holden,  H.  M.,  Oorpua  Ghristi,  Tuna. 
1921  Holden,  Walter  &,  Chicago,  IR. 

1913  Holding,  A.  M.,  West  Chester,  Pa. 

1914  Holding,  Sam,  Columbia,  Tenn. 
1889  Holdom,  Jesse,  Chicago,  III. 
1921  Holladay,  O.  K.,  Oookcville,  Tsim. 
1911  Holland,  Bert  E.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1913  HoUand,   Edward  Evarett,   Washioiftoa, 
D.  C. 

1921  Holland,  George  F.,  Dayton,  Ohio. 

1920  Holland.  John  H.,  Fort  Smith,  Affc. 

1918  Holland,  Rush  L.,  Washington,  D.  CL 

1921  Holland,  S.  L.,  Bartow,  Fla. 

1922  Holland,  Thomaa  M..  Eau  Claire,  Wis. 

1915  Hollen,  Richard  R..  Chicago,  111. 

1921  Hollencamp,  Henry  H.,  Dayton,  Ohio. 

1917  H oil  era  n.  F.  L.,  Clinton,  Iowa. 

1922  Holley,  Myle  J.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1011  Holliday,  John  Hodgman.  St  Louia,  Mo.* 

1914  Holliday,  Robert  L.,  El  Paso,  Texaa. 

1916  Holliday.  W.  T.,  Cleveland.  Ohio. 
1922  Hollingsworth,  A.  W.,  Healdrinirg,  OUL 

1919  Hollingsworth,  Abraham,  Keoknk.  Iowa. 

1910  Hollingsworth,  Charles  R.,  OgdcB.  UIsIl 
1921  HoUingswartti„  Fnmk,  llezleo,  Mol  • 


ALPHABBrnOAIi  LIST  OF   HBMBBBS. 


1921  Holllogmth,  J.  O.,  New  OrleaoB,  L*. 

1906  HolUa,  Allen,  Conoord,  N.  H. 

1916  Bollister,  Evan.  Buffalo,  N.  T. 

1921  HoUiatcr,  John  B.,  Gineinnatt,  Obio. 

1912  Hidliatar,  R.  A.,  (Mikoah,  Wia. 

1920  Holloman,  Reed,  Santa  Fe,  N.  If. 

1921  BoUoman,  T.  W.,  Aleicandria,  La. 
1921  HoUoman,  W.  £.,  Alexandria,  La. 

1906  HoUoway,  William  L.,  Helena,  Mont. 
1921  HoUy,  William  H.»  Ohicago,  III. 
1921  Bolly,  William  R.,  Springer,  N.  Mez. 
1921  HoUaer,  Harry  A.,  I^oa  Angeles,  Gal. 

1921  Holman,  Alfred,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1920  Holmaa,  B.  £.,  Payetteirllle,  T^nn. 

1922  Holman,  Sdward  8.,  Jeraey  aty,  N.  J. 
1922  Holman,  Fnnk  E.,  Salt  Lake  Oity,  Utah. 
1901  Holman,  Frederick  V.,  Portland,  Oregon. 

1907  Holman,  George  W.,  Rochester,  End. 
1918  Hblman,  R.  C.,  Barnwell,  S.  O. 

1921  Holman,     Tom     W.,     Port     Townsend, 

Waahington. 

1912  Holme,  Peter  H.,  Denver,  Golo. 

1922  Holmes,  Alexander  A.,  Strawberry  Point, 

Iowa. 

1911  Holmes,  George,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1921  HolmcB,  George  B.,  Chicago,  111. 

1922  Holmes,  George  E.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Holmes,   Hector  H.,   Boston,   Msss. 
1920  Holmes.  Henry,  Honolulu,  Hawaii. 

1920  Holmes,  J.  E.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

1921  Holmes,  Jabirii.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1922  Holmes,  Lester  S.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1914  Holmes,  Nortrop  R.,  Troy,  N.  Y. 

1918  Holmea,  Reuben  R.,  Dayton,  Ohio. 

1919  Holmes,  Sybil  H.,  Boston,  llass. 

1920  HoUbeny,  LeRoy  V.,  Pensacola,  Fla. 

1921  Hobtein,  Mark  G.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1014  Holt.  Andrew,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

1922  Holt,   Birge,  Barstow,  Texas. 

1918  Holt,  George  C,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1910  Holt,  Robert  H.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1014  Holt,  Roacoe  T.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1901  Holt.  William  G.,  Kansas  City.  Mo. 
1921  Bolter,  Nels  J.,  Chicago,  HI. 
1022  H<dfber,  Louis  J.,  Ogden,  Utah. 

1919  Holton,  C.  R.,  Phoenix,  Aria. 

1921  HoltoD,  Charles  Ray,  Chicago,  111. 

1922  Holton,  Earl  S.,  Anita,  Iowa. 

19S1  Holtaoir,   Alexander,   New  York,  N.   Y. 

1011  Homans,  Robert,  Boston,  Mass. 

1011  Homer,  Francis  T.,  Riderwood.  Md. 

lOSl  Homnes,  George  P.,  Crosby.  N.  D. 

1011  Hon.  Daniel.  Fort  Smith.  Ark. 
1022  Honig,  Ralph,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1022  HoDig,  Sigmund,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1012  Hood.   Arthur  M.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

1015  Hood,  James  E.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
1011  Hood,  Lools,  Newark,  N.  J. 


791 


020  Hood,  W.  C,  Jr.,  Brighton,  Colo. 

Q  Book,  BlUi  J.,  Decorah,  Iowa. 

1014  Book,  Inghram  D.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

016  Hooker,  Thomas,  Jr.,  New  flaven.  Conn. 

020  Hoolan,  T.  J.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
919  Hooper,  James  M.,  Boston,  Mass. 
912  Hooper,  Jos.  Lb,  Battle  Creek,  Midi. 

912  Hooper,  Moses,  Oshkosh,  Wis. 
Oil  Hooper,  JB.  Henry,  Boston,  Mass. 
022  Hoopes,  W.  B.,  Oarrington,  N.  D. 

021  Hoover,  Albert  B.,  Marshalltown,  Iowa. 

921  Hoover,  Francis  A.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
914  Hoover,  George  P.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

922  Hoover,  John  E.,  Waahington,  D.  C. 
921  Hoover,  Jonaa  O.,  Chicago,  HL 

919  Hoover,  W.  H.,  Great  Falls,  Moot 

913  Hope,  Walter  E.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

914  Hopkins,  Albert  J.,  Chicago,  HI. 
918  Hopkins,'  Albert  L.,  Oiicago,  HI. 

909  Hopkins,  Arthur  E.,  Louisville,  Ky. 

921  Hopkins,  John  L.,  CQiicago,  HI. 

920  Hopkins,  Richard  J.,  Topeka.  Kana. 

915  Hopkins.  Stiles,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

912  Hopkina,  Theodore  E.,  Burlington,  Vt. 

914  Hopkins,  William  R.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

910  Hopkinson,    Edward,    Jr.,    Philadelphia, 

Pa. 

915  Hoppangh.  A.  L..  Salt  Uke  City.  Utah. 

916  Hoppman,  A.  C,  Madison,  Wia. 

920  Hopson,  E.  E.,  Arkansas  City,  Ark. 
906  Hopwood,  R.  F.,  Uniontown,  Pa. 
912  Horack,  H.  C,  Iowa  City,  Iowa. 

912  Horan,  Michael  J.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

922  Horan,  Thomas. J.,  Tallejo,  Cal. 
9'' 9  Horblit.  Mark  M.,  Boston.  Mass. 

921  Bom,  Alexander  E.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
921  Horn,  Everett  B.,  Boston,  Mass. 
921  Horn.  Hersbel,  Lamar,  Colo. 

921  Hombaker.  Clyde  O..  Chicago,  111. 

922  Hombein,   Philip,   Denver,  Colo. 

918  Hornblower.  George  S.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
912  Hombrook,  Henry  H.,  Indianapolia.  Ind. 

919  Homer.  G.  R.,  Okmulgee,  Okla. 
921  Homer,  H.  F.,  Fargo,  N.  D. 
914  Homer,   Henry,  Chicago.  III. 

916  Homer,  Joseplf  W.,  Columbus,  Ohio. 

919  Hominir,  Charles  R..  Wallace,  Idaho. 
921  Horastein,  Leon,  Chicago.  HI. 

921  Horowitr..    Max.    New  YorV.   \.    V. 

918  Horsey,  Charles  Lee,  Las  Vegaa,  Nev. 

i/Zl  Horsley,  D.  B.,  Pawhuska,  Okta. 

921  Horsley,  Thomaa  J.,  Wewoka,  Okla. 

921  Horsley.   William  E.,  Terre-Haute,   Ind. 

920  Borton,  Edward  H.,  Washington.  D.  C. 

921  Borton,  Rayton  E.,  Paterson,  N.  J. 

922  Borton,  Rufus  L.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

922  Horwill,  Edward  T.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

917  Borwita,  Harry  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y.  . 


799 


Xlf BBIOAN    BAB  A8800IATEON. 


IMS  HonHtz,  Hewj  B..  St.  Paul,  Mian. 

1912  Hcoes,  Lewii  M..  Cincimuitl.  Ohio. 
1881  Hoftetler,  H.  H.,  Dover,  Ohio. 

Ifl9  Hottetler,  JoMpb  C.  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

IPn  Hoitetter,  Earl  D.,  Chicago,  IlL 

1915  Hoitetter.*  J.  D.,  Bowling  Qreen.  Mo. 
U&  HotcbUaa,  John  Donald,  Akron,  OhiOb 
1809  Hotchklai,  WUliam  H.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1814  Hottenatein,  Marcua  a.  New  York,  N.  T. 

1916  Hots,  William  J.,  Omaha,   Nebr. 

I8&  Hoock,  Adrian  8.,  Medicine  Lodge,  Kaa. 

1981  Houck,  Lewia  B.,  Mt.   Vernon,  Ohio. 

1913  Houck,  Stanley  B.,  Minneapolia,  Minn. 
1822  Houck,  W.  L.,  Scranton,  Pa. 

1919  Hough,  A.  Carey,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 

1911  Hough,  Charlea  M.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1814  Hough,  Franklin  H.,  Waahington,  D.  a 
1904  Hough,  Warwick  M.,  St.  Loula.  Mo. 
1922  Houghton,   Edward  T.,    San  Franciaoo, 

OU. 

1912  Houghton.  Frank  W.,  Milwaukee.  Wla. 
1981  Houlden,  Bobert  T.»  Pittsburgh,  Penn. 
1919  Houlihan,   Francia  J.,  Chicago,   111. 

1921  Hourwich.  Inae  A.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1922  Bouae,  Arthur  A.,  Chicago,  HI. 
mo  Honae,  J.  W.,  Jr.,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 
1818  Houaholder,  E.  F.,  Sanford.  Fla. 
1909  Houston.  David  W..  Aberdeen,  MisL 
1921  Houaton,  H.  W.,  U»bana,  Ohio. 
1911  Houston,  J.  D..  WichiU,  Kanaaa. 

1916  Hointon,  James  Qarfleld.  Pittsburgh.  Pa. 
1822  Houtchena,  B.  H.,  Greeley,  Colo. 

1816  Houta,  Charlea  A..  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

1821  Hover,  John  C.  Bellefontaine,  Ohio. 

1821  Hovey.  0.  R.,  Olympia.  Wash. 

1821  Hovey,  Fred  B.,  Chicago,   HL 

1816  How,  Jared.  San  Franciaeo,  Cal. 

1881  Howard,  Albert  S.,  Lowell,  MaiL 

1911  Howard,  Archibald,  Bingfaamton,  N.  Y. 

1816  Howard.  B.  C.  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

1821  Howard,  B.  O.,  Floyd,  Va. 

1811  Howard,  Charlea  McH.,  Baltimore.  Md. 

1801  Howard.  Chaa.  Morria.  Baltimore.  Md. 

1808  Howard,  Clinton  W.,  Belllngham,  Wash. 

1821  Howard.   David  C,  Charleston,  W.   Va. 

1822  Howard,  George  C.  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Howard,  George  H.,  New  York,   N.  Y. 
1900  Howsrd.  Owrsre  H,.  W««<hlnr*«n,  D.  O. 

1921  Howard,  Hans  L.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1922  Howard,  Harry  C.   Kslamazoo.  UiA. 
1921  Howard.  Hubert  E..  Chicago,  HI. 
1921  Howard.  John,  Middleoboro.  Ry. 

188L  Howard.  Jonaa  0.,  JeffenonviUe.  Ind. 

1914  Ponard.  T.  J..  Ore^l^v.  Nebr. 
1921  Howard,  U.  J.,  Covington,  Ky. 

1917  Howard,  William  M.,  Augusta.  Qa. 
1814  Howard,  William  S.,  Xenia.  Ohio. 
Un.  Bawi^  AlpboBSo,  St  Looia,  Mo. 


1818  Howe,  Bovcrly  W.,  Chieaio,  OL 
1916  Howe,  Charlea  O.,  Chicago,  OL 
1906  Howe,  Jamea  B.,  Seattle,  Waah. 

1921  Bowe,  John  Jtmior,  Oarrollton,  Ky. 
1821  Howe.  Mary  Clinton,  Chicago,  HL 

1922  Howe,  nomaa,  New  York,  H.  Y. 
1914  Howe,  Thomas  Francia,  Chieago.  IlL 

1911  Howe,  William  Read,   Onnge,   V.   J. 

1819  Howell,  Albert,  Altanta.  Oa. 

1818  Howell,   Benjamin  B.,   Salt  Laka  Oty. 

Utah. 

1922  Howell,  Charlea  Cbok,  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

1918  Howell.  Charlea  M.,  Kanaas  Oty.  Mo. 

1922  Howell,  Oorwin,  Newark,  N.  J. 

1916  Howell,  Daniel  V.,  Kamaa  aty.  Mo. 

1917  Howell,  David  J.,  Cheyenne,  Wyo. 

1916  Howell,  Edward,  Oklahoma  City.   Okla. 
1922  Howell,  V^ed  S.,  Petahiraa,  CU. 

1921  Howell.  George  D.,  PlttriMngh,  Pen. 
1914  Howell.  J.  L..  St  Looia.  Mo. 

1914  Howell,  James  A..  Ogden  dtf,  Utak. 

1912  Howland.  aarence,  CitriciU.  N.  Y. 
181S  Howland,  Fred  A.,  Montpelier,  Tt. 
1899  Howland,  Paul,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1880  Howry.  Charles  B..  Waahfaigton,  D.  O. 

1894  Howson,   Charlea,   Philadelphia,   P^ 

1915  Howson,  Charlea  H..  PhlladelpMa,  Pa. 
1914  Howson,  Hubert  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1912  Bowse,  Hemy  R..  Birmingham.  Ala. 

1922  Howae,  laham  R.,  Denver,  Colo. 

1917  Hey.  Theodore  B.,  Biehmood  Bill, 

L.  I.,  N.  Y. 

1917  Hoyle,  Hioroaa  C.  Greensboro,  B.  OL 
1812  Hoyne.  Tbomss  M..  Chicago,  IB. 

1812  Hoyt,  Frank  M..  Milwaukee.  Wla. 

1913  Hoyt  Henry  M.,  Washington.  D.  a 

1921  Hoyt   Balph  M.,  Madison,   Wis. 

1918  Hoyt,  Samuel  E..  New  Haven,  Coim. 

1911  Hubachek,  Frank  R..  MimwapoHa.  Mtan. 

1912  Htibschek,  Tenuis  A..  Mlnneapolts.  Miim. 

1916  Hubard,  Robert  Thruston,  Fayettevfllc, 

W.  Va. 

1922  Hubbard,  Eugene,  Looisvflle,  Kjr. 
1889  Hubbard,  Harry,  Paria,  fVanoe. 

1917  Hubbard.  Lester  Thomaa.  Albany.  M.  T. 

1921  Hubbard,   M.   P..   Brookvflle,  Bid. 

1911  Hubbard.  Nelson  C,  Wheeling.  W.  Vn. 
1916  Hubbard.    Paul    M..   Boston.    Maaa. 

1922  Hubbard,  T.  W.,  San  FTandaoo,  CkL 
1920  Hubbard,    William    P.,    Ban    PnBdaoo, 

Cal. 

1922  Hubbell,  E.  E.,  San  Diego,  CaL 

1922  Hubbell,  John  E.,  New  York,  B.  Y. 

1916  Hubbell.  Piatt.  Tkvnton,  Mo. 

1920  Huber,  Seba  a,  Honololu,  RawnIL 

1919  Huberich,  Charies  H.,  New  York.  B.  T. 
1916  Buck,  Peter  H.,  St.  OeDevfcve,  M«. 

1912  HuddlestoB,  M.  P.,  Paragoold,  Aik. 


ALFHABgPCAL  LIST  OV  XBKBBB8. 


798 


lftl7 

un 

1915 


1916 
1910 
1916 


1907 


me 

1916 


ion 


1914 
1911 
1916 
1918 
1916 
19n 
19tt 
191S 


1914 
19a 
1914 
1908 


1922 


1981 


1901 
1920 
1021 
1910 
1918 
1921 
1916 


ion 


1911 


1918 


nBddXf  CtooiKv  H.^  Jr.,  ProvidcsMt  B»  I* 
BndltBi,  WilUaiB  IL,  Baldmott.  Md. 
HudMll,  Georce  &,  liilwtukM.  Wii. 
HiidMMi,  Edwia  P.,  PoofthootM,  lowt. 
Hudno,  Frtderick  Gn/,  Jr.,  Ifoaroe,  La. 
Htidiom  rrtderkk  M..  Miami,  ria. 
Bodmi,  Gardner  K.,  Pitchbarg.  Mwm, 
HudwB,     HiatoA     Oardnar,     Winrtoa- 

8al«B,  N.  a 
HadMm,  Jamca  A.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
Hudum,  John  0.»  OiactiinatI,  Ohio. 
Budum,  Maalaj  O.,  GtmbridKe.  MaH. 
Httdioa,   Itol»erta  P.,  SanlC  8ta.   llarfa, 

Ifieh. 
Hodnn,  W.  O^,  Monteray,  Oil. 
HvdNO,  Walter  B.,  Patenon.  N.  J. 
Httdmer,  F.  0.,  Freno,  dl. 
HtNj,  Arthur  B.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Huff,  O.  Fl^d,  Hat  Springa,  Ark. 
Rufr»  Charlea  C,  Dallai,  Tax. 
Huff,  Reihcrt  A.,  Eldora,  Iowa. 
Huffman,  Edwin  B.,  St  Louia,  Mo. 
Huffman,  B.  L.,  Morganton,  N.  O. 
Hufer,  Alfred,  Gharlcaton.  8.  0. 
Htiirr.  Martin  M..  Indianapolla.  Ind. 
Buggina,  B.  N.,  O^lumbui,  Ohio. 
Hucgina,  W.  0.,  Houaton,  Texas. 
Huggina,  Wm.  L.,  Topeka,  Kan. 
Hughca,  Adrian,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Hughea,    Allen,   Memphis,   Tenn. 
Hughes.  Ben  Otspoton,  Detroit,  Mich. 
Hughes,  C  T.,  to  Prandsco,  OaL 
Hughca,  Charles  B.,  Jersey  Oitj,  N.  J. 
Hughes,  Charles  &,  Pueblo,  Colo. 
Hughes,  Charles  B.,  Washington,  D.  C 
Hughes,    Charles    B.,    Jr.,    New    York, 

N.  Y. 
Hughes,  Charles  Bmmett,  Belle  Plaine, 

Iowa. 
Hughea,  D.  B.,  Paducah,  Rj. 
Hughes,  Dan  R.,  Macon,  Mo. 
Hughes,  Ernest  B.,  Sapulpa,  Okla. 
Hughes,  George  T.,  Columbia,  Tenn. 
Hughes,  George  T.,  Dover,  N.  R. 
Bugfaes,  George  W.  R.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Hughes,  Gerald,  Denver,  Colo. 
Hughes*  JamM  H..  Dover.  Del. 
Hughes,    James    H.,    Jr..    Wilmington, 

DeL 
Hughes,  John  B.,  Chicago,  BL 
Hughes,  John  T.,   Boston,   Mass. 
Hughes,  Bobert   M.,   Norfolk,   Vs. 
fughes,  8.  W.,  Brady,  Texasi 
Hughea,  Thomas,  Baltimore,  Md. 
HqghM,  Wightmsn,  Mempbia,  Tenn. 
Bughes.  William  J.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Bogus,  Wright,  Whseling,   W.   Vs. 


1914   Httidskopsr,   Bcgliiald   8.,   Washlaglon, 

D.  a 
1918   Bnlbcrt,  G.  Morraj,  N«w  York.  N.  Y. 
1908   Hulbcrt,  Bobert  A..  Seattle,  Wash. 
1981   Bulburd.   David  WendaU,  Philadelphia, 


1981  Hiilett,  Max,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1918  Ban,  Charlea  Hadlai,  New  London,  asaa. 

1918  Bull,  D.  D.,  Jr.,  Bosnoka,  Va. 
1909  Bull,  Hadlai  A.,  New  London.  CMin. 

1919  Bull,  Barold  J..  Wallace,  Idaho. 
1922  Bull,  J.  A..  Washington,  D.  0. 
1918  Bull,  Jamea  M.,  Jr.  Augusta,  Ga. 

1918  Bull,  John  B.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
1019  Bull,  John  C,  Leominster,  Mass. 
1928  HuU,  John  Bairy,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1920  Bull,  Joaeph  L.,  Muskogee,  Okla. 

1921  Bull,  Uwrence  C,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1919  Bull,  Morton  Denison,  Chloagc,  III. 
1980  Hull,  Oscar  C,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1922  Bun,  Balph  &,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Bulae,  D.  T.,  Kansas  City.  Mo. 
1921  Bulawltt,  B.  A.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1921  Bumble,  B.  W.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Z906  Bumbttigf  Andrew  P.,  Chleago.  IlL 
1906  Bume,  F.  Charles,  Jr.,  Houston,  Texas. 

1915  Hume,  James  C,  Oes  Moines,  Iowa. 
19U  Humes,  Augustine  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1918  Hummeland,    Andrew,   Chicago,   111. 
1914  Hummer,  John  8.,  Chicago,  111. 

1914  Humphrey,  Alexander  P.,  Looisville.  Ky. 

1922  Humphrey,  O.  F.,  San  nandsca,  €kL 

1920  Bumphrey,  Charles  M.«  Iron  wood,  Mich. 

1921  Bumphrey,   Charles   W.,   Charlea  City, 

Iowa. 

1918  Bumphrey,    lamea   V.,   Juactloa   Clly, 

Sans. 

1921  Bumphrey,  Paul  N.,  Pawhusks,  Okla. 

1921  Bumphr^,  William  F.,  San  Wandsco, 

OaL 

1919  Bumphrey,  Wirt  B.,  Chicago,  111. 

1920  Bumphreys,  Harrie  M.,  Denver,  Colo. 
1912  flumphr^  John  B..  Peterson,  N.  J. 
1980  Bumphreya,  Leater  W.,  iVMlland,  Ore. 

1918  Bumphreys,  T.  H..  Little  Rock,  Ark. 
1021  Bumphreys,    William   Peon,   San   Fran- 
cisco, CM. 

1919  Bundley,  Bobert  G.,  Richmond,  Va. 
1906  Buneke,  William  A.,  Spokane,  Wash. 

1916  Bungcrford,    Victor  W.,    Colorado 

Springs,  Colo. 

1916  Hunn,  Charles  B.,  Dee  Moines.  Iowa. 

1808  Hunssker,  William  J.,  Los  Angeles.  CiL 

1920  Hunsicker,  Charles  O.,  Allentown.  Pa. 

1920  Hunt,  Albert  C,  Tulsa,  Okla. 

1921  Hunt,  Charles  A.,  Jefferaonville,  Ind. 
1818  Hunt,  Charles  B.,  Coshocton,  Ohio. 
1921  Hunt,  Oharlas  J.,  dadnaati,  Ohio. 


794 


AMBBICAN  BAB  A680(»ATI0N. 


DJBCTKD 

1922  Bunt^  Oharles  &,  Oonoordiji,   Ktnflaa. 

1913  Hunt,  G.   D.,  Dallas,  Texaa. 
1922  Hunt,  George  L.,  Montpelier,  Vt. 
1916  Hunt,  George  R.,  Lexington,  Kj. 
1918  Hunt,  I.  n..  Newberry,  a  O. 
1916  Hunt,   laaac   D.,    Portland,   Ore. 
1916  Hunt,  John  L.,  Topeka,   Kanaaa. 
1922  Hunt,  John  T.,  Seattle,  WadL 
1922  Hunt,  Learitt  J.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1921  Hunt,  BoUo  P.,  Duluth.  Minn. 

1921  Hunt,  Tbomaa,  Boston,  Maaa. 
1918  Hunt,   W.   a,   Houaton,   Tezaa. 

1922  Hunt,  William  A.,  Ottumwa,  Iowa. 

1914  Hunt,  William  H.,  San  Prancisco.  Cal. 

1921  Hunt,  William  L..  Niagara  Palis,  N.  T. 

1922  Hunter,  Ben  S.,  Loa  Angelea,  Oal. 
1922  Hunter,  P.  P.,  Brighton,  Colo. 

1918  Hunter,  Prederick  C,  New  York.  N.  T. 

1918  Hunter,  Henry  C,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1916  Hunter,  James  H.,  Kansaa  City,  Ifo. 

1921  Hunter,  Jay  T.,  Peoria,  Ell. 

1914  Hunter,  Joseph  W.,  California,  Mo. 

1920  Hunter,  Tbomaa,  Cheyenne,  Wyo. 
1906  Hunter,  William,  Tftmpa,  Pla. 

1918  Hunter,    William    Boyd,    Washington, 

D.  0. 

1904  Hunter,  WiUiam  R.,  Kankakee,  III. 

1916  Huntington,  Prederick  G.,  Aberdeen, 

a  D. 

1914  Huntington,   J.   P.,   Norwidi,  Conn. 

1908  Hunton,  Eppa,  Jr.,  Richmond,  Ya. 

1918  Huntresa,  George  W.,  San  Antonio,  Tex. 

1917  Hunziker,  Gustav  A.,  Pateraon,  N.  J. 

1919  Hurd,  George  E.,  Great  Palis,  Mont. 

1917  Hurd,  George  P.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1906  Hurd,  Harry  B.,  Chicago,  111. 
1906  Hurd,  Henry  N.,  Claremont,  N.  H. 

1921  Hurd,  Louia  G.,  Dubuque,  Iowa. 
1892  Hurlbutt,  Henr^  P..  Boston.  Maaa. 
1919  Hurlbutt,  Hemy  P.,  Jr.,  Boston.  Maas. 
1914  Hurley,  P.  E..  Pindlay,  Ohio. 

1922  Hurley,  Martin  J.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

1918  Hurley,  Michael  B.,  St  Paul,  Minn. 
1916  Hurly,  John,  Glaagow,  Montana. 

1918  Hurrell,  Alfred,  Newark,  N.  J. 

1921  Hurst,  Sam,  BeattyriUe,  Ky. 

1919  HurwitK.    Samuel,    Boston,    Masa. 

1922  Huakey,  H.  Walter,  Reno,  Ner. 

1921  Hussey,  Pranklin  B.,  Chicago,  111. 
1916  Busted,   Glenn  B.,   Portland,  Ore. 
1914  Huating,  Bonduel  Albert,  Pond  du  Lac, 

Wta. 

1914  Huston,  John  A.,  Stenbenyille.  Ohio. 

1914  Huston,  W.  Clav,  Rollefontaine.  Ohio. 

1922  Huston,  Wendell,  Eldora,  Iowa. 

1909  Hutchings,    Henry    M..    Boston,    Masa. 
1921  Hutchina,  Alice  Parker,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Hutcfalna,   Arthur  L.,  Auguata,  Ark. 


1919  Hvtofains,    Edwax4,    Boston, 

1918  Hutchina,  Edward  W.,  Boston,  MaaL 
1914  Hutchina,  Pranda  a.  Mew  York,  N.  T. 

1920  Hutchina,  Paul  Vincent,  Detroit,  Mich. 
1922  Hutchinson,  Arthur  B.,  Seattle,  Wash. 

1921  Hutchinson,  Charles  O.,  Chicago,  IlL 
1907  Hutchinson,  CbarlM  L.,  Portland,  Maine. 
1914  Hutchinson,  E.  L.,  Lexington,  Ky. 

1919  Hutchinson,     George    A.,     Waahington, 

D.  0. 

1922  Hutchinson,  Got.,  Jacksonnlle,  Fla. 
1922  Hutchinson,  J.  a,  San  Pranciaoo,  CaL 
1922  Hutchinson,  Jca^h  K.,  San  Pranciaoo, 

Gal. 

1922  HutcfaiiMon,  R.  L.,  JackaonviUe,  PU. 

1910  Hutchison,    Wm.    Eaaton,   Garden   City. 

Kans. 

1913  Button,  Prank  a,  Los  Angeles*  OaL 

1917  Button,  John  B,  DoTer,  DeL 

1913  Button,  William  E.,  Denver.  Colo. 

1916  Hutzler,  Alvin  B.,  Richmond,  Va. 
1921  Huxley,   Henry  M.,   Chicago,   lU. 

1918  Hyde,  AWan  W.,  Hartford,  Conn. 

1907  Hyde,     Charles     CSienej,     Waahington, 

D.  a 

1917  Hyde,  E.   Pranois,   New   York,   N.    Y. 

1908  Hyde,  Jamea  W.,  Chicago,  111. 

1920  Hyde,  John  B.,  Chattanooga,  Tema. 
1906  Hyde,  Simeon,  Charleaton,  a  C. 

1921  Hyde,    William    S.,    South    M..nrheter, 

Conn. 

1920  Hyer,  Pred  C,  Rabway,  N.  J. 

1921  Hyer,  SUnton  A.,  Rocklord,  UL 
1921  Hyland,  J.  A.,  Bismarck,  N.  D. 

1921  Hyman,  Arthur  B.,  New  York,  N.   T. 

1921  Hyman,   Harry  a,  Knoxville,  Tenn. 

1922  Hyman,  Isaac,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Hyman,  Wm.  A.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1916  Hynds,  John  A.,   Atlanta,   Ga. 

1922  Hynea,  W.  H.,  Oakland,  Cal. 

1914  Hynson,  N.  Thornton,  Washingtosi,  D.  C. 

1917  Ice,  W.  T.,  Jr.,  Philippi,  W.  Va. 
1921  Iceley,  Albert  E.,  Chicago,  HI. 
1913  Ickee,   Harold  L.,  Chicago,   HI. 
1921  Iddings,  Andrew  S.,  Di^ton,  Ohio. 

1913  Iddings,  Daniel  W.,  Dayton,  Ohio. 
1921  Idleraan,  Cicero  M.,  Portland.  Ong. 
1921  Iglehart,  Joseph  H.,  Eransrllle,  Ind. 
1921  Igoe,  Michael  L.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1916  Igoe,  William  L.,  St.  Louis.  Ma 

1916  lllch.  Julius,  Albany.  N.  Y. 

1916  nioway,   Bernard  A..   Philadelphia,    Pn. 

1916  Ilslesr.   Harry   P..   Sundance.    Wyoali^. 

1914  Imbrie,  A.  M.,  Pittrt>urgh.  Pa.  \ 

1921  Imbrie.  George  H..  Kansaa  City,  llii. 

1919  Imlay,  Charles  V.,  Washington,  D.  Q. 

1922  Immel,  E.  O.,  Ei^rene,  Ore. 
1922  Immel,  J.  H.,  ToppeniA,  Wadk 


ALPHABBIICAL  LIST  OF  MBMBBBS. 


796 


1912  IngenoU,  Alyan  r.,  Clevland,  Ohio. 

1921  Ingenoll,  Frank  B.,  Pittabur^h,  Pa. 

1912  IngeraoU,  George.  Duluth,  Minn. 

1921  iDfflia,  Ernest  A.,  Middletown,  Conn. 
1918  Inglia,  Richard.  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1918  Ingraham,  George  L.,  New  York.  N.  T. 

1922  Ingraham,    Jamct   A..    Oklahoma    Oity, 

Okla. 

1907  Ingraham.  William  M.,  Portland.  Me. 

1918  Ingram,  flurry  M..  Potadam,  N.  T. 

1922  Ingram.  John  L..  Richmond,  Va. 

1918  Ingram.  John  W.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1918  Ingrum,  R.  P..' San  Antonio,  Texaa. 

1916  Innes.   Alexander  J.,   Chicago,   IlL 
1904  Innes,  Charles  H..  Boston,  Maas. 
1922  Inaley.  Earle.  Jersey  Olty.  N.  J. 

1920  Intemann.  Alfred  C.  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1922  Ireland.  Gordon,  New  Haven,  Conn. 
1922  Iriarte,  Gelestino.  Jr.,  San  Juan.  P.  R. 
1922  Irland.  Frank  W..  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1917  Irona,  Harry  8.,  Huntington.  W.  Va. 
1922  Irrmann.  John  A..  Chicago.  Til. 

1921  Irsfeld,   J.    B..   Los  Angeles,   Cal. 
1914  Irvin,  I.  T.,  Jr.,  Washington.  Oa. 

1922  Irvine,  EDswortii  C,  Columbus.  Ohio. 
1901  Irvine,  Frank,  Ithaca,  K.  Y. 

1918  Irvine,  R.  T..  Big  Stone  Gap.  Va. 
1912  Irving.   Samuel  Crozfer,   Chicago.   HI. 
1922  Irving,  W.  G..  Riverside,  Cat. 

1912  Irwfn,   Ernest  C,    Pittsburgh.   Pa. 

1918  Irwin.  Geo.  M.,  Colorado  Springs,  Colo. 

1920  Irwin,   Harry.    Honolulu.   Hawaii. 

1921  Irwin,  Harry  D..  Chicago,  III. 

1918  Irwin.  Harry  D.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

1906  Irwin.  Richard  W.,  Northampton,  Mass. 

1916  Irwin,  Royal  W..  Chicago,  Til. 

1921  Irwin,  Samuel  P.,  Bloomington.  111. 

1922  Isaacs.  Henry  R.,  Wilmington.  Del. 

1907  Isaacs,  Lewla  M.,   New  York,  N.   Y. 

1917  Isaacs.  Martin  J..  Chicago,  HI. 
191R  laaacs.   Nathan,  Pittrfmrgh,  Pa. 
1922  Isaacs.  Samuel  S..  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1920  Isbell.  Benj.  E..  DeQueen,  Ark. 

1916  Isbell,  Milton  C,   Ansonia,  Oonn. 

1917  Iselin,  C.  Oliver,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1917  Isham.  Frederick  A..  Lake  Pacid,  N.  Y. 
1922  Iveraen.  M.  H..  Ukiah,  Oal. 

1919  Ives,  Frederick  M.,  Boston,  Ma«. 
1904  Ives,  J.  Moss,  Danbury.  Conn. 
1906  Tves.   Morse,   Chicago,   Til. 

1922  Jablow.  Morris.  New  York.  N.   Y. 

1916  Jack.  George  Whitfleld.  Shreveport,  La. 

1922  Jack,  Robert  P.,  Peoria,  111. 

Iini  Jackman,  Ralph  W..  Madison,  Wis. 

1922  Jacks.  lile  T.,  San  Franeisco,  Oal. 

1906  Jackson.     Anson     Blake,     Minneapolis, 

MiOB. 

IfllS  Jackson,  Arthur  B.  L.  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


■UBOTBD 

1914  Jackaon,   Arthur  L..  Baltimore.  Md. 

1922  Jackaon,  B.  M..  San  Francisco,  Oal. 

1921  Jackaon.  E.  Hilton,  Washington,  D.  0. 

1921  Jackson.    Edward,    Indianapolis.    Ind. 

1920  Jackson,  Frank  A.,  Colby.  Wia. 

1922  Jackaon,  Grant,  Loa  Angeles.  Oal. 

1921  Jackson,  H.  Clair.  Kalamazoo,  Mieb. 
1921  Jackaon,  Herbert.  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 
1921  Jackson.   J.   H..   Shreveport,  La. 

1921  Jacioon.  J.  W..  Oacoma.  8.  D. 

1916  Jackaon,  James  P..  Boston.  Mass. 

1913  Jackaon,  John  G.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Jackson,  John  J..  E.  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

1912  Jackson,  John  L..  Chicago,  111. 

1914  Jackson,  Malcolm,  Charleston.  W.  Va. 

1917  Jackaon.  Owen  G..  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1918  Jackson,   Robert  F..  Nashville,  Tenn. 
1914  Jackson,  Russell,   Milwaukee.   Wis. 

1913  Jackson,  a  Hollister,  Barre.  Vt. 
1921  Jackson,  Samuel  Spencer.  Loa  Angeles, 

Oal. 

1918  Jackson,  W.  C,  Abilene,  Texas. 
1921  Jackaon.  William  K.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1914  Jackaon,  William  M..  Bedford.  Iowa. 

1919  Jacobs,  Clirl  M..  Jr..  ancinnati,  Ohld. 

1921  Jacobs,  Henry  A.,  San  Francisco,  Csl. 
1916  Jacobs.  Henry  F..  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 
1022  Jacobs,  Hiram  E..   Richmond.  Cal. 
1919  Jacobs,  Joseph  B.,  Boston,   Mass. 

1911  Jacobs.  Philip  W..  Botcton.   Mass. 
19S2  Jacobs.  Sidney.  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 
1015  Jacobs.  Walter  H.,  Chicago,  111. 
1022  Jacobs,  William,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Jacobsen.  Christopher.  Seattle.  Wash. 

1912  Jacobson,  Gabe,  Meridian,  MLsi. 
1014  Jacobson,  I.  N.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1919  Jacobson,  Jesse  E.,  Wheatland,  Wyo. 

1921  Jacobson,  Lewis  F.,  Chicago.  Til. 

1922  Jaeckel.  AlSert  I..  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1919  Jalbert.  Eugene  L..  Woonsocket.  R.  L 
1900  James,  Benjamin  F.,  Bowling  Green, 

Ohio. 

1918  James,  Charles  V.,  Norwich.  Conn. 

1911  James,  Eldon  R.,  Bangkok.  Siam. 
1916  James,  Ellerton,  Boston,  Mass. 
1916  Jsmes,  F.  G.,  Greenville,  N.  O. 
1895  James,   Francis  B.,   Washington,   D.   OL 

1921  James,   Frank.  Los  Angeles,   Oal. 

1912  James,  Henry  A.,  Doylestown,  Pa. 

1922  James,  Henry  N.,  Los  Angeles,  Oal. 
1922  James,  John  R.,  Olympia,  Wadi. 
1922  James,  Leander  L..  Jr..  San  Francisco, 

Oal. 

Iin4  James,  Lee  Warren,  Dayton.  Ohio; 

1921  James,  W.  K.,  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 

1922  Jameson,  John  J.,  Seattle.  Waah. 
1922  Jamison.  Alexander.  Wilmington,  Del. 

1915  Jamiaon.   Doraey  A.,   St.   Loufa.  Mo. 


796 


AKE8ICAK  BAB  AS80CUTI0K* 


■LBcras 

1920  Janeeky,  Adolph  K.,  Racine.  Wit. 

19S1  JTaniBcaki,  Prank  H.,  Chicago.  lU- 

1980  Janney,  Laurenca  A.,  ChicairOi  IlL 
19U  Janney,  Stuart  &,  Baltimore,  Md. 
19n  Janoer,  RoHilie  F.,  New  York.  N.  T. 

1921  Janowics,  Stephen,  Gbicago,  III. 

1922  Janaoniua,  Fred,  Feaaenden,  N.  D. 
1916  January.  M.  T.,  Nevada.  Mo. 

1806  Janoary,  William  L.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1914  Janvier.  Francia  de  H.,  Wilmington.  Del. 

1918  Jaquea,  Alfred,  Duluth,  Minn. 
1922  Jaqaet,  Seymour,  Jr..  Chicago,  III. 

1919  Jarerki,  Edmund  K..  Chicago,  111. 
1922  Jaretski,  Alfred,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1914  Jarrett,  Delta  I..  Chicago.  111. 

1914  Jaycox,  Walter  H.,  Patchogue.  N.  T. 

1920  Jayne,  A.  A.,  Casa  Grande,  Aria. 
19^  JatTie,  Trafford  N.,  Minneapolia,  Minn. 
1922  Jayne,  W.  R.,  Muacatine,  Iowa. 

1916  Jeffery,    Jamea   Clarke,    Chicago,    111. 

1914  Jeffery,  Oscar  W.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1911  J'fforda,  Tra<<y  L.,  Harpera  Ferry,  W.  Va. 
1914  Jeffrey.  A.  L.,  Canon  City.  Colo. 

1921  Jeffrey,  F.  R.,  Kennewick.  Wash. 
1906  Jeffriea,  Jamea  H.,  Pineville,  Ky. 
1906  Jeffriea,  L.  E.,  Washington.  D.  0. 
1916  Jeffriea,  Sam  B.,  St   Louia.   Mo. 
1880  Jeffrie.  Malcolm  Q..  Janesyille,  Wia. 
1910  Jelke.  Ferdinand,  Jr.,  Cincinnati,  Ohia 
1919  Jenckea,  Joaeph  8.,  Phoenix,  Aria. 
1892  Jenckcfl,  Thomaa  A.,  Providence,  R.  L 

1921  Jenkina,  O.  H.,  Springfield.  HI. 
19^  Jenkina,  Frank  E.,  Oxford,  Mich. 

1922  Janklna.  Fredric  W.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 
1919  Jenkina,  John  B.,  Norfolk,  Va. 

1918  Jenkina.  John  E.,  Wilkea-Barre,  Pa. 

1921  Jenkina,  Myron  O.,   Oreenaburg,  Ind. 

1918  Jenkina.  Theodore  F.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1922  Jenner,  Earle  R.»  Seattle,  Waah. 

1919  Jenney,  Charles  F..  Beaton.  Masa. 
1916  Jenney,  Edwin  C,  Beaton,  Maas. 
1919  Jenney.  Ralph  E.,   San  Diego,  Cal. 
1918  Jenney.  William  8..  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1918  Jennings,  Albert  T.,  Fulton,  N.  Y. 
1691  Jennings,  Andrew  J.,  Fall  River,  Masa 
1922  JcnningB.  J.  B.,  Modeato,  Cal. 

1921  Jennings,  Newell.  Bristol.  Conn.* 

1913  Jennings,  Robert  P..  Loa  Anaelea.  Cat 

1922  Jennings,  8.  B.,  Jackaonville.  Fla. 
1916  Jenninga,  Stephen  A.,  Dorchester.  Ifaaa 
1922  Jensen.  A.  W.,  Ephraim,  Utah. 

1912  Jensen.  Conatan,  Los  Angeles,  Csl. 

1921  Jensen,  J.  Marcel  lua,  Belmond,  Iowa. 

1922  Jensen,  L.  A..  Forest  City,  Iowa. 

1914  Jenson,  David.  Ogden  City.  Utah. 
1921  Jerka,  Daniel  S.,  Chicago,  III. 

1981  Jerome,  Edward  C,  Greensboro.  N.  a 
1918  Jerome,  F.  J..  Cleveland,  Ohio. 


1921 

1914 

1914 

1915 

1911 

1922 

1922 

1921 

1913 

1916 

1910 

1919 

1919 

190S 

1920 

1922 

1922 

1922 

1922 

1922 

19U 

1921 

1922 
I 

1917 
1922 
1914 
1912 
1919 
1918 
1921 

1918 
1918 
1921 
1922 
lf«1 
1922 
1920 
1918 
1918 

19r»7 
1922 
1914 
1912 
1921 
1921 
1920 
1922 
1920 
1919 
1919 
1907 
1918 
1921 
1921 
1922 


Jcsmer,  J.  Lisle,  8t.  Paul,  Minn. 
Jess,  Frank  B.,  Camden,  N.  J. 
Jeasen.  Psul.  Nebrsska  City,  Nebr. 
Jcsseph,  M.  E..  Spokane.  Wssh. 
Jessup,  Henry  Wynans,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
Jester,  Beauforl,  Corsicana,  Tex. 
Jeter,  William  T.,  Santa  Cruz.  CaL 
Jetzinger,   David,  Chicago,  IlL 
Jevne.  Franx,  International  Falls,  Mlmi. 
Jewell.  John  F.,  Birmingham.  Eng. 
Jewett,  Charlea  L.,  New  Albany,  Ind. 
Jewett,  Charlea  W..  Indianapolia,  Ind. 
Jewett.  Reed  V..  Calaia.  Me. 
Jewett,  Stephen  S.,  Laconia,  N.  H. 
Jewett.  Theo.  S.,  Laconia,  N.  H. 
Jewitt,  Garry  W..  Pomeroy,   Waah. 
Jobson.  Alexander  B..  Franklin.  Pa. 
Joel,  Arthur,  San  Francisoo,  CaL 
Joelson,  Harry,  Peterson,  N.  J. 
Joffe,  Joseph,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Joffe,  Marcus  E.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Joffee,  Jerome  M.,   Kansas  City.  Mo. 
Johannesen.     Oscar    A..     Idaho     Falla. 

Idsho. 
John,  Maxey  L.,  Laurinburr.  N.  C. 
Johns.  George  Alexander.  Winder.  Ga. 
Johnson.  A.  R.,  Ironton,  Ohio. 
Johnson,  Albin  Nlcholaa,  Freeport.  N.  T. 
Johnaon,  Alfred  8.,  Providence,  B.  L 
Johnaon.  Alvin  F.,  Omaha,  Nebr. 
Johnson,   Archibald  M.,  San  Frandaco. 

CaL 
Johnaon,  Arthur  T.,  Gouvemeur,  N.  T. 
Johnson,  Arthur  T.,  Boaton.  Maaa. 
Johnson,  Audley  W.,  Sioux  City.  Iowa. 
Johnson,  Ben  H.,  Fresno,  CaL 
Johnson,  Benjsmin  N.,  Boston.  Msaa. 
Johnson,  Carl  Alex..  San  Diego,  OsL 
Johnaon.  Carl  Wright,  San  Antonio.  Tex. 
Johnaon.  Charlea  A.,  Van  Nuya.  OaL 
Johnson,    Charlea   B.,    Oklahoma    Oity, 

OUa. 
Johnaon,  Charlea  F..  Portland.  Me. 
Johnson,  Chsrles  W.,  Pasoo,  Waah. 
Johnson,  Clyde  B.,  Charleston,  W.  Va. 
Johnson,  Clyde  P.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
Johnaon,  Curtia  T..  Toledo,  Ohio. 
Johnaon,  David  Cecil,  Manila.  P.  I. 
Johnson,  Donald  W.,  Kansas  City,  Mol 
Johnson,  E.  L.,  San  Diego,  CaL 
Johnson,  Ector  R.,  Little  Rock,  Ark, 
Johnson,  Edgar  H..  Grand  Rapids.  Midi. 
Johnson,  Edwsrd,  Wobura,  Masa. 
John«on.  Edwin  J.,  New  York.  N.  T. 
Johnson,  Elmer,  Elko.  Nevsda. 
Johnaon,  Elmer  A.,  Cedar  Rapida,  lossm. 
Johnson,  Elmer  A.,  Chicago.  III. 
Johnson,  Fontaine,  Sacramento,  OU. 


.ALPHAfiKnCAL  LIST  OF  HBMBSRS. 


1912  JotuMOB,  Fnak  O.,  MePhencm,  Kant. 

1914  Jobawii,  Georgt  B.,  Wot  Chester,  Pt. 

19£9  Johnson,  Georfs  W.,  Greenwood,  Ark. 

1912  Johnson,  Qnj  H.,  Washington,  D.  0. 

19tt  Johnson*  H.  Linsley,  Nsntucket,  MUs. 

1914  Johnson,  Henry  Wiley,  SsTannah,  Oa. 

1991  Johnson,  Hiram  W.,  Jr.,  San  IVancisco, 

Oal. 

liM  Johnson,  Homer  H.,  Cleveland,.  Ohio. 

1912  Johnson,   Howard  Cooper,   Philadelphia, 

Pa. 

1918  Johnson,  Inrinc  C,  Osksloosa,  Iowa. 
19tt  Johnson,  J,  D.,  GeUna,  Ohio. 

1980  Johnson,  J.  M.,  Kansss  City,  Mo. 

1921  Johnson,  J.  L.,   Pittshoro,   Miss. 

1922  Johnson,  J.  LeRoy,  Stockton,  OiL 

1913  Johnson,  James,  Minot,  N.   D. 

1914  Johnson,  James  O.,  Springfield,  Ohio. 
1911  Johnson,  James  ▼.,   Arksdelphls,   Ark. 
1917  Johnson,  James  W.,  Marion,  8.  O. 

1919  Johnson,  Jo,  Port  Smith,  Ark. 
1018  Johnson,  Lawrence  C,  Oslva,  111. 

1915  Johnson,  Lewis  B.,  DenTer,  Colo. 

1921  Johnson,  Louis  A.,  Clarksburg.  W.  Ta. 

1920  Johnson.  MeMn  M.,  Boston,  Mssl 

1916  Johnson,  Psul  E.,  Atlants,  Ga. 
1911  Johnson,  Regfnsid  H.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1906  Johnson,  Richard  H.,  Boiie,  Idaho. 

1920  Johnson,  Roy  T.,  Sterling,  Colo. 

1922  Johnson,  Rush  B.,  Chiosgo.  ni. 

1921  Johnson,  Sherrsrd  M.,  Portsmouth,  Ohio. 

1916  Johnson,  Sreinbjora,  Bismsrck,  N.  D. 
1896  Johnson,  Simeon  M.,  Cincinnstl.  Ohio. 
1921  Johnson,     Theodore    E.,     Youngstown. 

Ohio. 

1911  Johnson,  Thomss  L.,  Clefelsnd,  Ohio. 

1914  Johnson,  Waldo  P..  Ksnsss  City,  Mo. 
19S2  Johnson,  Wayne,  Kew  York,  N.  T. 
1921  Johnson,  William,  Rockford,  Hi. 

1915  Johnson,  William  A.,  Portland.  Oregon. 
1911  Johnson,  William  T.,  Kansas  City.  Mo. 

1917  Johnston,  A.  Hall,  Ashevllle,  N.  C. 
1921  Johnston,      Albert      Ofeldwell,      Waco, 

Texas. 

1921  Johnston,  Edwsrd  R.,  Ohiesgo.  HI. 

1921  Johnston,  Edwin,  Pittslleld,  III. 

1914  Johnston,  Ployd  A.,  Springfield,  Ohio. 

1914  Johnston,  Forney,  Washington,  D.  0. 

1919  Johnston,  Prsnk,  Jr.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1921  Johnston,  Henry  8.,  Perry,  Okla. 

1921  Johnston,  Hollis  0.,  Oallipolis,  Ohio. 

1919  Johnston,  J.  P.,  Lske  City,  Ark. 

1921  Johnston,  Jsmss  D.,   Rosnoke,   Vs. 

1922  Johnston,  John  &,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Johnston,  Joseph  8..  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Johnston,  L.  E.,  Napa,  Oal. 
1919  Johnston,  Morris  L.,  Chiosgo,  HI. 

1916  Jfihnstmi,  Pat,  Eisaimmes»  lU. 


797 


1919  Johnston,  Richard  E.,  Boston,  Msss. 

1906  Johnston,  W.  M.,  Billings,  Mont 

1921  Johnston,  William  A.,  Topeks,  Kan. 

1922  Johnston,  William  S.,  Esthervllle,  Iowa. 

1915  Johnstone,  F.  B.,  Chicago,  111. 

1916  JolUire,  Elisha  H.,  OnUrio,  Cal. 

1916  Jonas,  Edgar  A.,  Chicago,  IlL 
1921  Jonas,  L.  H.,  Oentralia,  HI. 

1921  Jonas,  Ralph,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

19X1  Jones,   Aquilla  Q.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

1917  Jones,  Armstesd,   Raleigh,    N.  C. 
19(19  Jones,  Arthur,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1922  Jones,  Arthur  O.,  Oastonis,  N.  0. 

1921  Jones,  B.  B.,  Evergreen,  Ala. 
1017  Jnnes.  Bm  Ssm,  Lyons,  Kans. 

1922  Jones,  Berne,  Delaware,  Ohio. 
'*^B9  Jones,  Burr  W..  Madison,  Wis. 

1921  Jones,  0.  Yincent,  Clay  Center,  Kan. 

1922  Jones,  Oileb,  Spokane,   Wash. 
1990  Jones,  CalTin,  Hugo,  Okla. 

1919  Jones.  Charles  AWin,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
^016  Jones,  Clsude  L.,  Parker.  S.  D. 

1914  Jones,  Clem  J..  Athens,  Tenn. 

1982  Jones,  D.  C,  Harlan,  Ky. 

1922  Jones,  D.  J.,  Ohipley,  Fla. 

1921  Jones,  Daniel  C,  Ironton,  Ohio. 

1920  Jones,  E.  N.,  Ada.  Okla. 

1920  Jones,  Elmer  O.,  La  Plata,  Mo. 

1921  Jones,  Edward  H.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1920  Jones,  Edwsrd  R.,  Muskr^ee.  Okla. 
1915' Jones,  Elliott  H.,  Kansss  City,  Mo. 

1912  Jones,  Frank  Cameron.  Houston,  Texas. 
1917  Jones,  Frederick  A.,  Providence,  R.  L 

1913  Jones,  George  H.,  Reading,  Pa. 

1914  Jones,  George  S..  Macon,  Ga. 

1922  Jones,  George  W.,  Fresno,  Oal. 

1904  Jones,  George  W.,   Montgomery,   Ala. 

1921  Jones,  Gowan,  El  Paso,  Texas. 
1912  Jones,  Granville  D.,  Waosau,  Wis. 
1904  Jones,  Gustave,  Newport,  Ark. 
1914  Jones,  R.  Llewelyn,  Meade,  Kans. 
1920  Jones,  Harrison,  Atbnta.  Oa. 

m2  Jones,  Henry  Craig,  Iowa  City,  Iowa. 

1922  Jones,  Herbert  C,  San  Jose,  OsL 

1911  Jones,   Howel,  Top«ka,   Kansas. 

1920  Jones,  James  C,  Jr.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1906  Jones,  James  C,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

1912  Jones.  James  Collins.  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
1914  Jones,  John  C,  Orlsndo,  Florida. 

1919  Jones.  John  C,  Jr..  Boston.  Mass. 
1904  Jones,  John  J.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

1913  Jones,  John  W.,  Blackfoot.  Idaho. 

1921  Jones,  Joseph,  Del  Rio,  Texss. 
1021  Jones,  Joseph  C,  Rutlsnd,  Vt. 

1914  Jones.  Joseph  H.,  Orlsndo,  Fls. 

1922  Jones,  Kenneth  L,   Pairfleld,  OaL 

1920  Jones,  L.  Bsrrett,  Jsckson,  Miss. 

1921  JoDss,  Lske,  JaeksonvUls^  Fls. 


T98 


AKBBICAN   BAK  ASSOCIATION. 


1922  Jo&ei^  Lawrence  Olark,  Rutland,  Vt. 

1913  Jones,  Lewis  E.,  Breckenridge,  Minn. 

1922  Jones,    Madison    Ralph,    San   Francisco, 
Gal. 

1919  Jones,  Malcolm  D.,  Macon,  Ga. 

1920  Jones,  Marvin,  Washington,  D.  0. 
1918  Jones,  Matt  B.,  Boston,  Mats. 

1918  Jones,  Mattison  B.,  Los  Angeles,  CaL 
1911  Jones,  Nathaniel  N.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1921  Jones,  Oliver  B.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1921  Jones,  Oliver  8.,  Covington,  Ind. 

1921  Jones,  Orrille  K.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1922  Jones^  Paul,  Tezartana,  Ark. 
1922  Jones,  Paul,  Jr.,  Texarkana,  Ark. 
1921  Jones,  Paul  J.,  Toungstown,  Ohio. 

1913  Jones,  Philos  a,  Wilburton,  Okla. 

1921  Jones,  Richard,  Jr.,  Toungstown,  Ohio. 

1911  Jones.  Richard  A.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1896  Jones,  Richmond  L.,  Reading,  Pa. 

1914  Jones,  Robert  M.,  Knoxville,  Tenn. 

1919  Jones,  Robert  P.,  Atlanta,  Oa. 

1921  Jones,   Roger  Alston,  Prattville,  Ala. 

1921  Jones,   Spencer  M.,   Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1907  Jones,  Stephen  R.,  Boston,  Mans. 

1919  Jones,  T.  Catesby,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1913  Jones,  Thomas  J.,  Boise,  Idaho. 

1918  Jones,  W.  Catesby,  New  Orleans,  La. 

1912  Jones,  W.  Clyde,  Chicago,  IlL 

1918  Jones,  W.  Martin,  Jr.,  Rochester,  N.  T. 

1920  Jones.  W.  T.,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

1920  Jones,  Walter  B.,  Montgomery,  Ala*. 

1921  Jones,  Walter  F.,  Del  Rio,  Texas. 
1916  Jones.  Wilbur  B.,  SL  Louis.  Mo. 
1921  Jones,  Wm.  C,  Streator,  ni. 

1914  Jones,  Wm.  Clayton,  Camden,  N.  J. 

1920  Jones,  Wlnfleld  P.,  AUanU.  Oa. 
1911  Jonson,  Jerrold  A.,  Madisonville.  Ky. 

1918  Jordan.  Amzie  E.,  Beloit,  Kans. 

1919  Jordan,  C.  Hughes,  Los  Angeles.  Cal. 

1921  Jordan.  Clark  L.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1921  Jordan,   Francis,   Brooklyn,   N.   Y. 

1918  Jordan,  Harry  P.,  Waco,  Texas. 

1922  Jordan,  J.  E.,  Waterloo,  Iowa. 
1921  Jordan,  J.  W.,  Boone,  Iowa. 

1916  Jordan,  James  Kollock.  Atlanta.  Oa. 

1911  Jordan.  Midiael  J.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1919  Jordan.  Percie  D.,  Lisbon,  Me. 

1928  Jordan,  Thomas  C  San  Francisco,  Gal. 

1921  Jordon,  Robert  L.,  Radford,  Va. 

1920  Jorgenson,  C.  R.,  Sisseton,  S.  D. 
1919  Jorgenson,  John  A.,  Jamestown,  N.  D. 

1921  Joiy.   Clifford   D.,  Sheldon,  Iowa. 
1921  Joseph,  Emil,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
1921  Joseph,  Qeorge  W.,  Portland,  Oreg. 

1921  Joseph.  Jesse  A.,  Chicago,  111. 

1922  Joseph,  John  F.,  Sioux  City,  lows. 
19S1  Joseph,  Samuel  J.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
19U  Joslin,  Ralph  Edgar,  Boston,  Mas. 


1915  Jodyn,  Lee  B.,  Dstiolt,  Mich. 

1920  Joslyn,  O.  W.,  Charlestown.  Mo. 

1922  Joss,  Louis  H.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

1920  Jost,  Heniy  L.,   Kansas  City,  Mo. 

1921  Jouett,  Beverly  R.,   Winchester.   Ky. 
1914  Jouett,  Edward  8.,  Louisville.   Ky. 

1922  Joujon*Boche^  J.  B.,  Los  Angeles.  OsL 
1905  Jourdan,  Morton,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

1911  Joyner,    Herbert   C.    Great   Barrington. 


1922  Joyner,  Berbert  Newton,  Great  Barring- 
ton,  MaaSb 

1914  Judah,  Noble  B.,  Jr.,  Chicago.  HL 

1920  Jttdd.  Albert  F.,  Honolulu.  HawaiL 

1918  Jude,  George  W.,  Jamestown,  N.   Y. 
1912  Judge,  Harold  E.,  Sioux  Falls,  &  D. 

1921  Judge,  Thomas  J.,  Birminghsm.  Ala. 

1922  Judkins*  T.  C,  San  Francisco,  CaL 
1917  Judson,  Walter  P.,  New  Haven.  Conn. 

1919  Judy,  John  Allen,  Mt.  Sterling,  Ky. 
1919  June,  Merrill  8..  Worcester.  Mass. 

1919  Junell.  John,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
1889  Junkin,  Frsnds  T.  A.  Chicago,  IlL 
1922  Jurich,   Anthonji  Ely,   Nevada. 

1921  Juron,  Bernard  J.,  Chicago,  111. 

1920  Just,  Arnold,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1917  Justice,  A.  B.,  Charlotte.  N.  C. 

1922  Justice,  F.  Joy.,  Bendersonville,  M.  O. 
1922  Kaeo,  Samuel  Kanohoua,  Lihue,  Hawaii. 
1916  Kaercher,  Daniel  W.,  Pottsviile.  Pa. 
1922  Kafer,  Lester  8.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1911  Kagey.  C.  L.,  Beloit,  Kansas. 

1922  Kahn,  Hany  A.,  Chicago,  llL 

1921  Kahn.   Isidor.   Bvansville,   lad. 
1921  Kahn,  Julius  M.,  Chicago.  IlL 
1911  Kahn.  Louis  L.,  New  York.  N.  T. 

1921  Kahn,  Max,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1922  Kahn.  Nat  M.,  Chicago,  HI. 
1922  Kaiser,  H.  W.,  New  Orlesns,  Uu 
1906  Kaliach,  Samuel,  Newark,  N.  J. 
1916  Kalish,  Ralph.  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1921  Kambach,  George  J.,  Pittsburg,  Pena. 

1921  Kamfner,  Joseph,  Chicago.  III. 

1921  Kaminsky,   Leo,  Indianapolis,   Ind. 

1921  Kammer.   Alfred  Charles.   New  Orleaaa. 

La. 

1916  Kammerer,  A.  B..  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1920  Ksmrsr,  John  L.,  Webster  City.  Iowa. 
1908  Ksne.   Francis  Fisher,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

1917  Kane.  Henry  V.,  Milwaukee.  Wia. 

1922  Kane,  James  H..  Sesttle.  Wash. 

1921  Kane,  John  E.,  Bardwell.  Ky. 
1921  Kane,  Joseph,  St.   Louis,   Mo. 

1904  Kane.  Matthew  J.,  Oklahoma  City.  OUa. 

1911  Kane.  Michael  N.,  Warwick,  N.  T. 

1921  Kane,  Thomaa  F.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1012  Kannally,  Michael  V.,  Chicago.  111. 

1922  Kanner,  A.  O.,  JackaonviUe,  Fla. 


ALPHABBTICAL   LIST  OF   MBMBBB8. 


799 


1022    Kanodep  Rolwrt  E..  Baltimore,  Md. 
1918    KAntner,    H.*  F..    RMdinf,    Pa. 
1011    Kaplan,  fVank  R.  S.,  Pitt^uryh.  Peon. 
1916   Kaplan,  Jaeob,  Chicaffo,  111. 

1916  Kaplan,  Jacob  J.,  Boston,  llaat. 
ins    Kaplan,  Nattian  D.,  Chicaco,  111. 

Kapp,  Georg«  F.,  Long  Beadi,  Oil. 

Kappler,  Charlea  J.,  Washington,  D.  O. 

Kardi,  K.  W..  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Karcher,  George  B..  Lot  Angeles,  Cal. 

Karcfaer,  Nettie  E.,  Burlington,  Wis. 

Karclsen,    Frank    E..    Jr..    New    York, 
N.  Y. 

Karlin,  Alexander,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

Karr,  Frank,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Karr,  Hairy  B.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Karrow,  Herman  Henry,  Milwaukee,  Wlsi 

Kasch,  Charles,  Ukiab.  Oal. 

Kash,  Kelly,  Lexington,  Ky. 

Kaaper,   Frederick  J.,  Chicago,   in. 

Kaai,   Jacob  F.,   Sioaz  City,    Iowa. 

Kass,  William  J.,  Sioux  City,  Iowa. 

Kasserman,  John«  Newton,  111. 

Kaasulker,  Paul  G.,  -Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Kattenbom,     George     H.,     Cincinnati, 
Ohio. 

Rsta.  Manrice  L.,  Worcester,  Mass. 

Katienbach,  Edward  L.,  Trenton,  N.  J. 

Katcemtein,  Charles  J..  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Kauifmsn,  Ralph,  ^BUensburgh,  Wash. 

Kauffmann,  James  L.,  Yokohama,  Japan 
(Philadelphia,  Pa.). 

Kanfrosn,  David  E.,  Towanda,  Pa. 

Kaufman,  Elias  R.,  Lske  Chailcs.  La. 

Kaufman,  Helen,  San  Pranciaoo,  Cfel. 

Kaufman,  Joseph  B.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

Kaufman,  Samuel,  Newark,  N.  J. 

Kaufman,  flamuel  H.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

Kaufman,  Wm.,  Pittsburgh,  Penn. 

Kaufmann,  Victor  R..  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1022    Kauke,  Frank,  Fresno,  Csl. 
1912    Ksumheimer,  Willlsm,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
1016    Kavsnagfa,  Francis  B.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
1921    Kavanagh,  Marcus  A.,  Chicago,  111. 
1920   Kavanagh,  William  P.,  Denver,  Colo. 

1917  Rsy.  Alfred,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

1600    Kay,  William  E.,  Jacksonville,  Fla. 
1022    Kayc,   William  W.,  Bakarsfleld,  Oal. 

1021  Kaylor,  Omer  T.,  Hagerstown,  Md. 

1022  Keach,  Nelson  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1022    Kean,  B.  J.,  OssGade,  Iowa. 

1022    Keane,  Augustine  C,  San  Franciaoo,  Oil. 

1918  Ktarfttl,  Francis  J.,  Tampico,  Mez. 
1022    Kearney,  Hiomas  M..   Racine.  Wis. 
mi    Kearaqr,  W.  M.,  Reno.  Nev. 

1910    Keama,  Hugh  J.,  Chicago,  ill. 
1600    Keaabcy,  Edward  Q.,  Newark,  N.  J. 
in8    Ksasbcy,  George  M.,  Newark,  M.  J. 


1004 
1018 
1004 
lOSO 
1022 

1014 
1916 
1017 
1914 
1022 
1021 
1021 
1021 
1921 

ion 

1014 
1021 

1011 
1018 
1020 
1014 
1016 

1919 
1919 
1922 
1922 

1022 
1022 

ion 


1022  KeaUng,  detM,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1018  Keating,  Cornelius  F.,  Boston,  llsss. 

lOB  Keating,  Hvbcrt  B.,  Sterling,  Oolo. 

1011  Keating,  Patrick  M.,  Boston,  Maaa 

1014  Keating,  Thomas  J.,  Columbus,  Ohio. 
1081  Keatli«,  W.  H..  Oskalooaa,  Iowa. 
J007  Keatoo,  Jsmes  R.,  Oklahoma  City,  OUa. 
1021  Kee,  John,  BlucAeld,  W.  Ya. 

1006  Keeble.  John  Bell,  Nashville,  Tenn. 

1080  Keebler,  Bobert  8.,  Memphis.  Tenn. 

19U  Kecch,  Edward  P.,  Jr.,  Baltimore.  Md. 

1918  Keedy.  Edwin  R.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1021  Keedyi  Henry  H.,  Jr..  Hagerstown,  Md. 

1021  Kecfe,    Arthur   Thomaa,    New    London, 
Conn. 

1012  Keefe,  Hany  L.,  Walthill,  Nehr. 
1010  Kecfe,  Joseph  P.,  Boston,  Msm. 
1012  Kcehn,  Boy  D..  Chicago,  lU. 
1018  Keeler,  P.  E.,  Long  Beach,  Cal. 

1021  Keelcy,  George  Q.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1915  Keeley,  William  E.,  Deer  Lodge.  Mont. 
1981  Keeling,  Ralph  T..  Pontiac,  Mich. 
1920  Keenan.  Robert  B..  Sapulpa.  Okla. 
1922  Keenan,  &  A..  Seattle.  Wash. 

1911  Keensn,  Thomss  J.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 
19n  Keene,  A.  M.,  Fort  Scott,  Kan. 

1914  Keene.  George  Frederick,   Phlladelpfcis. 
Ps. 

1022  Keene,  Henry  0.,  Wsshington,  D.  0. 
1906  Keene,  Wslter  A..  Seattle,  Wash. 

1916  Keeney,  Francis  B.,  Providence,  R.  I. 
1801  Keeney,  Willard  F.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 
1018  Keesling,  Frsncis  V.,  Ssn  Francisco,  Cal. 
ini  Kefover,  Charles  F..  Cniontown,  Pa. 
1018  Kegley,  W.  B.,  Wytheville,  Va. 

1914  Rehde,  Alfred,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

1922  Kehoe,  J.  J.,  Oando,  N.  D. 

1012  Kehoe,  John  E.,  Chicago,  111. 

1021  Kehoe.  William.  Ssn  Frsncitco,  Ohl. 
1020  Keidsn,  Hsrry  B.,  Detroit.  Mich. 
1918  Keifer,  William  W.,  SpringSeld,  Ohio. 

1917  Keil,  William  Theodore,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1916  Reiser.  Addison  A.,  Lodington,  Mich. 
1922  Kciater,  T.  L,  9slem,  Vs. 

ion  Keith,  Charobliss,  Sehna,    Ala. 

1922  Keith.  L  P.,  McAlester,  Okla. 

1918  Keith.  Jo^n  D.,  Gettysburg,  Pa. 
1922  Keith,  M.  R.,  Kramare.  N.  D. 

1912  Kefth.  Thomas  R.,   Fsirfsx.  Vs. 
ion  Keith,    William,    Wichita,    Kan. 

1006  Kelby.  Jsmes  Edward,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

1022  Kelefaan,  James  H.  L.,  St  Paul.  Minn, 
ion  Keleher.      William     A.,      Albuquerque, 

N.  M. 

1015  Keleher,  William  T..  N^  York,  N.  Y. 
ion  Kell.  a  B.,  White  River,  &  D. 

ini  Kellar,  Chsmbers,  Lead  City,  8.  D. 

1988  KeUaa,  Leroy  M.,  Makyae,  N.  Y. 


800 


AKERICAN   BAB  A8S00IATI0N. 


1912 
1891 
1922 
1921 
1922 
1918 
1966 
1919 
1921 
1922 
1911 
1922 
1921 
1922 
1922 
1921 
1902 
1918 
1904 
1914 
1912 
1911 
1907 
1912 
1921 
1919 
1922 
1920 
1916 
1916 
1920 
1918 
1920 
1918 
1907 
1922 
1922 
1911 
1912 
1922 
1922 

1921 
1914 
1921 
1914 
1922 
1920 
1922 
1917 
1919 
1911 
1918 
1916 
1922 
1917 
1917 


Kelleher,  D.  U.,  Fort  Dodge,  Iowa. 
Kelleiip  WUliam  V.,  Boston,  IImb. 
Keller,  Adam  Bruoe,  Pittsburgh,  Kani. 
Keller,  Herbert  P.,  St  Paul,  Minn. 
Keller,  W.  O.,  Portland,  Ore. 
Keller,  William  H.,  Lancaater,  Pa. 
Kellejr.  C.  P.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Kelley,  Daniel  F.,  San  Juan,  P.  B. 
Kelley,  J.  H.,  Portland,  Oreg. 
Kelley,  James  E„  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
Kelley,    James   Edward,    Boston,    Ma«. 
Kelley,  James  W.,  Denver,  Oolo. 
Kelley,   Joseph  B.,  Oincinnati,  Ohia 
Kelley,  Loyal  O.,  Riverside.  OaL 
Kelley,  Nicholas,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Kelley.  Thomas  H.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
Kelley,  William  H.,  Richmond,  Ind. 
Kellogg,   Abraham  L.,  Oneonta,   N.   Y. 
Kellogg,  Frank  B.,  St.  Paul,  Minn.     - 
Kellogg,  Frederic  R.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
Kellogg,  Hanry  L.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
Kellogg,  John  P..  Waterbury,  Conn. 
Kellogg*  Joseph  A..  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Kellogg,  Virgil  £.,  London,  Eng. 
Kellogg,   Willis  6..   Westfleld,   Mask 
Kellough,  R.  W.,  Tulsa,  Okla. 
Kelly,  Bernard.  Peoria,  111. 
Kelly,  Daniel  E.,  Valparaiso,  Ind. 
Kelly,  E.  J.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa, 
Kelly.  Edmund  P.,  Chicago,  111. 
Kelly,  Edward  J.,  Chicago,  111. 
Kelly,  Edward  J..  New  York.  N.  Y. 
Kelly,  George  H.,  Neenah,  Wia. 
Kelly,  Glenn  D.,  Davenport,  Iowa. 
Kelly,  Harry  Eugene,  Chicsgo,  111. 
Kelly,  Howard  C.  New  Yorlp.  N.  Y. 
Kelly,  Hugh  T.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
Kelly,  James  A..  New  York.  N.  Y. 
Kelly,  Jamca  J..  Chicsgo,  III. 
Kelly,  James  M.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Kelly,    James    Raleigh,    San   Frandsoo, 

Oal.       . 
Kelly,  James  Y.,  Charleston^  m. 
Kelly,  John  P.,  Scranton,  Pa. 
Kelly,  Joseph  O.,  Boston,   U$m, 
Kelly,  Joseph  L.,  Bristol.  Va. 
Kelly,  Patrick  M.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
Kelly,  Raymond  J.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
Kelly,  Richard,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Kelly,  Richard  0.,  Winston-Salem,  N.  O, 
Kelly,  T.  Paine,  Tsmpa,  Fla. 
Kelly,  Thomas,  Boston,  Mass. 
Kelly,  William  J.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Kelly,  William  J.,  Boston,  Mass. 
Kelly,  William  R.,  Greeley,  Oolo. 
Kelsey,  Frederick  T.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Keko,  L  JL,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Kelso,  Ivan,  Loi  Angeles,  OoL 


1922  Kem,  James  P..  Casper,  Wyo. 

1907  Kemp,  Bolivar  E.,  Amite,  La. 

1912  Kenpv  Frank  A.,  Jr.,  Denver,  Oolo. 

1909  Kemp,  John  W.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
1922  Kemp,  Samuel  B.,  Honolulu.  HawaiL 
1919  Kemp,  Smeltaer  Vernon,  I^yncUnirg.  Va. 

1910  Kemp,  W.  Thomas,  Bsltimore,  Md. 
1912  Kemper,  Jackson  B..  Milwaukee,  Wia. 
1918  Kempton.  Edwin.  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
1922  Kendall,  H.  A.,  Kalispell,  Mont 
1907  Kendall,  McMmore,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
19B0  Kendall,  N.  E.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

1922  Kenderdine,  Glenn  A.,  Iowa  Oity,  Iowa. 

1918  Kimdrick,  Murdoch.  Philadelphia.  Pa. 
1922  Kenison.  Charles  V.,  New  York,  N.    Y. 

1919  Kenlston.  Davis  B.,  Boston.  Msss. 
1891  Kenna,  Edward  D.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1916  Kenna,  Frank,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

1920  Kennary,  J.  Shurly,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1921  Kennedy,  O.  P.,  Akion,  Ohio. 

1922  Kennedy,  Frank  H.,  Charlotte,  N.  C. 
1921  Kennedy,  H.  O.,   Somerset,   Ky. 
1916  Kennedy,  Heniy  H.,  Winnctka,  HL 

1906  Kennedy,  Howard,  Omaha,  Nebr. 

1907  Kennedy,  J.  A.  C,  Omaha,  Nebr. 

1921  Kennedy,  James  J.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Kennedy,  Laurence  J.,  Bedding,  OaL 
1918  Kennedy t  Michael  J.,  Ishpemlng,  Mich. 
1918  Kennedy,  Millard  B.,  Ohioago,  HI. 

1906  Kennedy,  Richai^  L.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
1918  Kennedy,  T.  Bhke^  Cheyenne,  Wyo. 
1921  Kennedy,  Thomas,  Bloomington,  lU. 

1920  Kennedy,  William  J.,  New  Haven,  Oosm. 

1921  Kenner,  Sumner,  Huntington,  Ind. 
1918  Kennerly,   W.   T.,   Knoxville,   Tenn. 

1907  Kenneson,  Thaddeos  Davis,  New  York, 

H.  T. 

1921  Kcnnett,  Frederick  A.,  BpringSeld,  Mass 

1918  Kenney,  Elisabeth  L..  Los  Angeles.  Oal. 

1921  Kenney,  Joseph  T.,  New  Bedford,  Unas. 

1922  Kenney,  P.  E.,  Oelina,  Ohio. 
1918  Kenney.  Richard  R.,  Dover.  Del. 

1888  Kennon,  Newel!  K..  St.  Qairsville,  Ohio. 

1911  Kenny,  Tbomaa  J,,  Boston,  Mask 

1921  KeHWorthy,  B.  B,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

1922  Kent,  Fkank  J.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1911  Kent,  Ralph  &,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
1907  Kenyon,  Alan  D.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1911  Kenyon,  J.  Miller,  Washington,  D.  C. 
1907  Kenyon,  Robert  Nelson,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1894  Kenyon,  Wm.  Houston,  New  York,  K.  T. 
1918  Keogh,  Martin  J.,  New  Bochelle.  N.  T. 
1918  Keogh,  Itemas  P.,  New  York,  M.  T. 
1922  Keohane,  John,  Beach,  N.  D. 

1921  Kephart,  John  W.,  Kbemhuig,  Peon. 
1918  Keppelman,  John  A.,  Reading,  Fn. 

1912  Kepperley,  James  B,  I^kewood,  M.  J. 

1922  Keiberg,  Sidney  0.,  Aadnbon,  losin. 


ALPHABETICAL  LIST  OF  MEMBSR8. 


801 


xm  Kerifui,  Joteph  B.,   Springfield,   lltti. 

im  Kerker,   Harry  E.,   Ohampftign,   III. 

1921  Kern,  Howard  L.,  New  York,  N.  7. 

UnS  Kcnun,  Benjamin  W.,  New  Orleans,  La. 

1919  Keman,  Charlea  H.,  Proridence,  R.  I. 

1918  Keman,  John  D.,  Utica,  N.  T. 

1919  Kemer,  Otto,  Chleago,  111. 

19Z2  Kemgood,  Norman  W.,  New  York.  N.  T. 

1916  Kemochan,  Frederlcf ,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1918  Kema,  O.  W.,  Tan  Wert,  Ohio. 

1917  Kerper,  George  B.,  Jr.,  Powell,  Wjo. 
19SS  Kerr,  Harold  C,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
1981  Kerr,  Hugh  H.,  Staunton,  Va. 

1906  Kerr,  James  B.,  Portland,  Ore. 

1920  Kerr,  John  Duncan,  Calumet,  Mich. 
1928  Kerr,  Mark  P.,  Spokane,  Wash. 

1921  Kerr,  William  D.,  Chicago,  111. 

1918  Kersten,   George,  Chicago,  HI. 
1914  Kerx,   Paul,   Galena,   111. 

1918  Kesiler,  Harry  S.,  Boise,  Idaho. 

1918  Ketcham,    Herbert  T.,    Bellport,   L.   I., 

N.  Y. 

1920  Ketchum,  M.  C,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

1919  Ketchum,  Phillips,  Boston,  Mass. 

1921  Keutgen,  Charles  O.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1980  Key,  W.  N.,  Jackson,  Tenn. 

1990  Keyea,    Alexander    D.,    San    Prandseo, 

Cal. 

1909  Keyea,    Harlow   W.,    Indlanola,    Kebr. 

1921  Keyser,  William  F.,  Luray,  Va. 

1921  Kidd,   A.   M.,  San  Francisco,  Ckl. 

1921  Kidd,  Albertus  H..  Beatrice,  Neb. 

1921  Kidd,  Herbert  West,  Los  Angeles,  Gal. 
1894  Kiddle,  Alfred  W.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1917  Kier,  W.  H.,  Corinth,  Mass. 

1918  Kileen,  Edward  F.,  Wsutoma,  Wis. 
1918  Klley,  Michael  H.,  Cazenovia,  N.  Y. 
1901  Killian,  James  R.,  Denver,  Colo. 
1911  Killilea,  Henry  J..  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
1914  Killits,  John  M.,  Toledo.  Ohio. 

1917  Killoren,  William  H.,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

1917  Kilmer,  W.  C,  Martinsburg,  W.  Va. 

1920  Kiloatrick.  Arthur  W..  Detroit.  Mich. 

1911  Kflshefmer,  James  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Kilahelmer,  James  B.,  Jr.,  New  York, 

N.  Y. 

1912  Kimball,    B.    F.,    Chicago.    TR. 

1911  Kimball,  George  Everett,  Boston,  Mass. 

1916  Kimball,  Harry  Grant,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1922  Kimball,  James  N.,  Ogden,  Utah. 
1922  Kimball,  Parker  W.,  Spokane,  Waah. 
1918  KimbaH,  Ralph,  Cheyenne,  Wyo. 

1922  Kimball,    Rufus  Hatch,    San   Francisco, 

Oal. 

1918  Kimber,  T.   W.,  Akron,  Ohio. 

1921  Kimble,  B.  P.,  Portsmouth,  Ohio. 
1918  Klmbrough,  D.  M.,  Boulder.  Ool. 

1921  Kincaid,  William  A..  Jr.,  Manila,  P.  L 


SLBCTCD 

1921  Kinder,  Dwight  M.,  Gary,  Ind. 

1910  King.  Alexander  C,  Atlanta,  Qa. 

1919  King,  Alvin  O.,  Lake  Charlea.  La. 
1914  King,  Archibald,  Camp  Benning.  Ga. 

1911  King,  C.  Carroll,  Brockton,  Mass. 
1917  King,  Charles  F.,  Glens  Palls,  N.  Y. 

1921  King,  Chester  H.,  I^srracase,  N.  Y. 

1920  King,  D.  L.,  Lewisrille,  Ark. 

1922  King,  Dean,  Kalispell,  Mont. 

1921  King,  E   Scott,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1917  King,  Earl,  Memphis,  Tenn. 
1906  King,   Edmund  B.,   Sandusky,   Ohio. 

1921  King,  Brman  A.,  Cambridge,  HI. 

1920  King,  Florence,  Chicago,  111. 

1912  King,  Frederick  P.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1889  King,  George  A.,  Washington.  D.  C. 

1922  King,  Goodman,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1921  King,  H.  8.,  Huntington,  W.  Va. 

1911  King,    Henry  A.,    Springfield.    Maas. 

1921  King,  Hervey  W.,  Boston,   Maas. 

1912  King,  James  E.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1922  King,  John,  Spokane,  Waah. 
1914  King,  John  R.,  Taylonrille,  IlL 

1920  King,  John  J.,  Texarkana,  Tex. 
1922  King,  Paul  H..  Detroit.  Mich. 
1922  King,  Percy  J.,  Napa,  Cal. 
1919  King,  R.  E,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

1921  King,  Robert  N.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1921  King,  Robert  R.,  Greensboro,  N.  C. 
1921  King,  Robert  R.,  Jr.,  Greensboro,  N.  C. 
1912  King.  Samuel  B.,  Chicago.  III. 
1919  King,  Stanley,   Boston,  Mass. 
1921  King,  W.  D.,  Douglaa,  Ariz. 

1921  King,  Walter  John,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1906  King.   Will  R.    (PortUnd,   Ore),   Wash- 
ington.  D.   C. 

1922  King,  Willard  L..   Chicago,  HI. 
1906  King.  William  B.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
1919  Kingan,   S.   L.,  Tucson.   Ariz. 
1921  Kingdon,  A.  F.,  Bluefield,  W.  Va. 
1919  Kingman,  Joseph  R.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
1921  Kingsbury,  C.  O.,  Ponca,  Neb. 
1917  Kingsbury,  Howard  Thayer,  New  York, 

N.  Y. 

1919  Kingsbury,    Jas.    Thomson,  ^Tbmbstone, 

Ariz. 

1921  Kingsbury,  John  H.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

1916  Kittgsland,  Lawrence  Chappell,  St.  Louis, 

Mo. 

1916  Kingsley,  George  A.,  MinnespoUs,  Minn. 

1921  Kingsley,  Jesse  E.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

1922  Kingsley,  Rose,  Cambridge,  Maas. 
1922  Kinkaid,  D.  B.,  Lamar,  Colo. 
1897  Kinkaid,  M.    P.    (Oneill,  Nebr.),   Wash- 
ington, D.   C. 

1919  Kinkead,  Cleves,  Louisville,  Ky. 

1914  Kinkead,  William  C,  Cheyenne,  Wyo. 

1922  Kinkel,  John  M.,  Tbpeka,  Ksn. 


802 


AKSBICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


1981  Kiuwne,  John  B.,  Bay  City,  Mich, 

im  Kinniaon,  James  E.,  Oaiit<m,  Ohio. 

1916  Kimey,  William  M.,  St.  Louia.   Mo. 

190A  Kinaler,  Jamea  C,  Omaha,  Nebr. 

1916  Kinaley,  Samuel  H.,  Colorado  Springa, 

Colo. 

1911  Kinaworthy,  E.  B.,  Little  Bock.  Ark. 

1922  Kinzel»  Harry  O.,  Spokane,  Wadi. 

1911  Kiplinger,    John   H.    (RuahvUle.    Ind.), 

Wiesbaden,  GermaBy. 

1907  Kirby.  Daniel  N.,  St  Louia.  Mo. 

19U  Kirby,  Joe,  Sioux  Falla,  B.  D., 

19SS  Kirby,  Lewia  R..  San  Diego,  Gal. 

1916  Kirby,  Thomas  M.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1911  Kirby,  William  P.,  Uttle  Bock,  Ark. 
1901  Kirchwey,  Qeorge  W.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1921  Kirk,  Arthur  D.,  Hartford.  Ky. 

1912  Kirk,  Clyde,  Des  Moinca,  Iowa. 

1922  Kirk.  George  E.,  Toledo,  Ohia 

1917  Kirk,  Jamea  T.,  Tuacumbia,  Ala. 
1922  Kirk,  Joaeph,  San  Fiandaco,  CaL 
1914  Kirk,  Walter  H.,  Peoria,  111. 

1922  Kirkbride,  Charles  N.,  San  Mateo,  Oal. 

1916  Kirkland,  Ira  B.,  Chicago.  HI. 

1917  Kirkland,  Weymouth,  Chicago,  111. 

1918  Kirkpatrick,  Lex  J.,  Kokomo,  Ind. 

1917  Kirkpatrick.  T.  L.,  Charlotte,  N.  C. 

1919  Kirkpatrick.  William  H.,  Eaaton.  Pa. 
1914  Kirkpatrick,  William  &,  Easton,  Pa. 
1699  Kirlin,  J.  Parker,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1921  Kim,  Edward  G.,  Lancaater,  Ohio. 

1921  Kirschman,    Robert   H.,    Battle    Greek, 

Mich. 

1907  Kiriland,  Michel.  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1919  Kirwan,  Charlea,  Ladysmith.  Wia. 

1914  Kitdiel.  Wm.  Lloyd.  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1911  Kixmiller,    Wm..   Chicago,  111. 

1922  Kicer,  B.   H.,  Spokane.   Wash. 

1922  KJorlang,    Melkeer  U.    S..   Minneapolis, 
Minn. 

1915  Kleeberg,  Gordon  &  P.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Klein,  Clayton  L.,  Naugatuck.  Conn. 

1916  Klein,  David,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1921  Klein,   Harry  T.,  New  York,   N.   Y. 

1911  Klein,  Henry,  Kingston.  N.  Y. 
191S  Kleint  Jacob  B.,  Bridgeport,  Conn. 

1922  Klein,  K.  Karl,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Kleiner,  Charles,  New  Hsven.  Conn. 
1921  Kleinert,  Edward  P.,  New  Orleana,  La. 

1921  Kleinman,  S.  H.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1912  Kleinachmidt,    R.    A.,    Oklahoma   aty, 

Okla. 

1922  Kleinsorge,     William     B.,     Sacramento, 

Cal. 

1990  Klene,  Benjamin  J.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1921  Klette,  John  H.,  Covington,  Ky. 

1917  Klewer,  Edward  B.,  Memphis.  Tenn. 
1912  Kline,  Julius  Eeynolds,  Chicago.  IlL 


CLKCTBD 

1911  Kline,  M.  A..  Ghajoma,  Wyowdofr 

1907  Kliag,  Joaeph,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Klinger,  Leopold,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1018  Klock,    George    SlyldoB,    Alboqpierqiua* 

N.   Max. 

1914  Klota,  Solon  T..  Toledo,  Ohio. 

1921  Klots,  Theodore  C,  Hammond,  Ind. 
1916  Kluwin.  John  F.,  Oahkosh,  Wisu 
1914  Knaebel,  Ernest,  Waahington,  D.  a 

1922  Knapp,  C.  T.,  Biabee,  Ari& 
1922  Knapp,  Edward  A.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
1918  Knapp.  Henry  Alonzo,  Scranton,  Pa. 
1922  Knapp,  James  T.,  Waterloo,  lowm. 

1916  Knapp,  Kemper  K.,  Chicago,  lU. 
1918  Knapp,  Martin  A.,  Waahington,  D.  C. 
1922  Knapp.  Theodore  A..   Saratoga  Springa, 

N.  Y. 

1918  Knapp,  Walter  H.,  Canandaigua,  N.    Y. 

1896  Knappen.  Loyal  E.,  Grand  Rapida,  Mich. 

1909  Knappen.  Stuart  E.,  Grand  Rapida,  Midi. 
1922  Knauf,  Arthur  L.,  Jamestown,  N.  D. 

1906  Knauf,  John,  Jameatown,  N.  D. 

1918  Rnaua,   Frederick  J.,   PhiladelphU,   Pa. 

1919  Kneeland,  William  A.,  Boston,  Maaa. 
1981  Knight.  Albion  W.,  Jacksonville.  Fla. 
1914  Knight,  E.  C,  Livingston.  Tenn. 
1921  Knight,  E.  D..  San  Franciaco,  Oal. 

1911  Knight,  Edward  W.,  Charteaton.  W.  Va. 

1921  Knight,  Harry  E.,   New  York,  N.   T. 

1907  Knight,  Harry  S..  Sunbury,  Pa. 
1914  Knight,  Henry  F.,  Boston,  MassL 
1981  Knight,  J.  B.  C,  Anaconda.  Mont. 

1922  Knight,  J.  F.,  Seattle.  Wash. 

1910  Knight,  Peter  O.,  Tampa,  Fla. 
1918  Knight,  Samuel,  San  Francisoo,  CaL 
1921  Knight,   Telfair,   Jacksonville,    FU. 

1918  Knight.  Wallace  L,  aeveland.  Ohio. 

1908  Knight,  Walter  A.,  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 
1921  Knight.  Wiley  W.,  Clear  Uke.  8.  D. 
1981  Rnittel,  Oscar  A.,  Chicago.  HI. 
1921  Knobloch.  Francia  L.,  Thibodaux,  La. 

1921  Knobloch,  Henry  F.  J.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1922  Knoop,  Henry  L.,  Loa  Angeles,  Oal. 
1914  Knowlton,  Frank  W.,  Boaton,  Mmm. 
1907  Knowlton.  WOliam  J..  Portland.  Maine. 

1921  Knox.  Arthur,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1922  Knox,  Clay  O.,  Ventura,  OaL 

1920  Knox,  John  dark.  New  York,  N.  T. 

1921  Knox,  Lewis  T.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1921  Knox.  Wm.   F.,  Pittsburgh,  Pens. 

1922  Knupp,  Guy,  Porterville,  Oal. 

1917  Koch,  Edward  R.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1919  Koch,  Roacoe  R.,  Pottaville,  Pa. 

1912  Kocourek,  Albert,  Chicago.  111. 

1918  Koehler,  Hugo  C.  Alliance,  OUo. 
1981  Koenig,   Harry  D..  Chicago,  IIL 
1912  Koepke,  Charles  A.,  Chicago,  HI. 
1980  KoffeU  Theodore,  Bismardc,  N.  D. 


ALPHABBTICAL  LIST  OF  KBMBBBS. 


803 


19£2  Kohl,  Mwin  Phillipa,  Nmt  York.  N.  T. 

Vn4  Kohl.  Hciuy.  Mcwborcfa.  N.  T. 

ins  Kohlcr,  Otto.  lleadTille,  P«. 

IMI  Kohlnst,  Edward  a.  Okic^io,  DL 

1914  Kohn,  Walt«>r  Thomu,  New  Tork,  M.  T. 

1980  Kohn,  William,  St  LouJa,  Mo. 

1919  Kohout,  B.  v.,  Wilber,  Nebr. 

19B  KoUiQjw,    William    Bljtlia,   San   Fraa- 

daoo,  OaL 

19tt  Kolyn,  Andrew  J.,  Orange  Clt7,  Iowa. 

1914  Kompel,    llorria,   Chicago,  111. 

1910  Kontz,  fimett  C,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

1914  KooBce,  Ckarlca,  Jr..  Youngatown,  Oliio. 

19n  Koopman,  E.  H.,  Sibley,  Iowa. 

1920  Koperlfk,  Benjamin  F.,  Pueblo,  Colo. 

1919  Kopf,  WillUm  P.,  Chicago,  111. 
19S1  Kopp,  Arthur  W.,  PlatteriUe,   Wia. 
19tt  Xopple,  Alorria  D.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
19S1  Kordowaki,  C.  H.,  Chicago.  IlL 

IStt  Koretl,  Franklin  F.,  Portland,  Ore. 

1916  Korf,   H.  C,    Newton.   Iowa. 
1904  Romegay,  W.   H.,  Tinita.  Okla. 
1909  Soma,  E.  B.,  Tracjr.  II inn. 

1921  Korshak,  lUx  If..  Chicago,  HI. 
190B  Kortc,  George  W..  Seattle,  WMh. 

1911  Kraft,  F.  William.  Chicago,  ni. 

1906  Kramer,  Edward  C.   B.   St   Louie,   III. 

1990  Kramer,  Paul,  Franklin.  La. 

1918  Kramer,  B.  R..  Marjnrille,  Tenn. 

1912  Kramer.  Samuel,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1920  Kratky,  Robert  J.,  St.  Louia.  Mo. 
1914  Kraua,  Milton,  Peru,  Ind. 

1922  Kraua,  Mortimer,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1918  KraoM.  0.  R.,  Dell  Rapida,  &  D. 
1918  Kraose.  Homer  Q.,  Dell  Rapida.  &  D. 
1918  Krauae.  Jamca  B.,  Williaraaport,  Pa. 
19n  Krauai,  Daniel  Webater,  Bmnawick,  Ga. 
1922  KrauaB,  Harry.  San  Juan.  P.  R. 

1921  Krauas,  Max.  Chicago,  IlL 

1909  Krauthoff.  Edwin  A..  Boston,  Maai. 

1917  Krearoer,  Ehieat  L..  Chicago^  IH. 
1914  Kreger,  Edward  A..  Weat  Point.  N.  Y. 
1921  Kreimer.    Ralph    A..    Cincinnati.    Ohio. 

1917  Kreia,  L.  Alvin,  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 

1918  Kramer,  J.  Bruce,  Butte.  Mont 
19S1  Kremer,  Louia.  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1919  Krenike,  Charlea,  Racine.   Wia. 

1910  Kreps,  Charlea  A..  Parkertburg.  W.  Ya. 
1921  Kretzinger,  George  W..  Jr..  Chicago,  Hi 
1921  KreToruck,   Frank,   New  York,   N.   Y. 
1090  Krieger,  Myron,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1911  Krlete,  Frank  L..  Evaniton,  IlL 
1919  KrimbiU,  Walter  IC,  Rial,  P.  L 

1921  Rriaek,  Joaeph  F.,  Milwaukee,  ma. 

1922  Kroegcr,  Guatave,  Boiae,  Idaho. 

1912  Krook,  Carl  G.,  Kingman,  Aria. 
1914  Kropf.  Oacar  A.,  Chicago,  IlL 
1921  Kroaa,  Michael,  Elmhurat,  IIL 

19tl  Kruager,  Everette  H.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 


1917  Kruger.  Chaoacey  J.,  St  Louia,  Me. 

1918  Krum.  Cheater  H.,  St.  Louia,  Mo. 

1920  Kmae,  Carl,  Enid,  Okla. 

1918  Krydcr.  Ralph  L.,  Akron,  Ohio. 

1921  Kuerta,     William    Jerome,    Oindnaati, 

Ohio. 

1922  Kuflewski,  Thaddeua  F..  Chicago,  m. 
1918  Kuhl,  Max  J.,  San  Frandaco,  Cal. 

1980  Kuhn,  Arthur  K..  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1911  Kuhn,  John  J..  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1921  Kuhn,  Oacar  W..  Oindnnati.  Ohio. 
1918  Kuhna.  Ezra  M..  Dayton.  Ohio. 

1921  Kuhna,   MUea  S.,   Dayton,   Ohio. 

1918  Kujawaki,  Leon  A..  Clereland,  Ohio. 

1922  Kuklinaki,  Otto  G..  Reno.  Ner. 

1914  Kolp,  Victor  H..  Norman.  Oklahoma. 

1912  Kump.  H.  G..  Elkini,  W.  Va. 

1921  Kunkel.   Frank  H.,  Oindnnati,  Ohio. 
1912  Kunkle,  John  E.,  Greenabwg,  Pa. 

1922  Kuna,  John  F..  Reno.  Nev. 

1921  Runs.  Medard  A..  Chicaaro.  TIL 

1922  Kunaraan.  Irving,  Plainfleld.  N.  J. 

1911  Kuraheedt.  Manuel  A..  Bronxville,  N.  Y. 

1919  Kurtz,  Everett  B..  Miami.  Fla. 

1916  Kurtz,  J.  Banka.  Altoona,  Pa. 
1922  Ruix,  Irving  J.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Kuaworm,  Sidney  O.,   Dayton,  Ohio. 

1917  Kutcher,  Charlea  A.,  SherldJn,  Wyo. 

1922  Ktttner,  Joseph  H..  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Rutscher,  Hany,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1922  KuykendalL  E.  V.,  Olympia.  Wash. 

1921  Kuzmier.  Robert  Z..  New  York,  N.  Y. 
19a  KveUo.  Alfred  M..  Lisbon,  N.  D 

1914  Kvea.  Lafayette  M.,  Eaat  Palestine,  O. 

1922  Kyle,  John  P.,  St  Paul.  Minn. 
1921  Kyrlakopulos,  O.  A.,  Chicago.  IH. 

1921  Labadie,  George  Y.,  Pawhuaka.  Okla. 
1891  Lacey,  John  W.,  Cheyenne,  Wyo. 
1914  Lackey.  Edward  W.,  Tanneraville,  N.  Y 

1918  Lackey,  George  W..  Lawrenceville,  III. 

1911  Lackey,  Thomaa  S.,  Uniontown,  Pa. 
1889  Lackner.  Francis.  South  Pasadena,  Otlif. 

1912  Lackner,  Joaeph  L..  Oindnnati,  Ohio. 
1918  Lacombe,  E.   Henry,   New  York.   N.   Y. 

1922  LaOorte.  Salvatore  F..  Elizabeth,   N.  J. 
1921  LaCroas,  Julian,  Del  Rio,  Texas. 

1921  Lacy,  A.  C,  Fargo,  N.  D. 

1909  Lacy,  Arthur  J.,  Detroit.  Mich. 

1020  Lacy,  Nat.  M.,  Macon,  Mo. 

1920  Lacy,  Verne.  St.  Louia.  Mo. 

18D6  Ladd,  Sanford  B.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

1916  Udner,  Albert  H.,  Jr.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1916  Ladner,  Orover  C,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1918  Lady,   Wm.   Ellia.   Loe   Angelea,   CaL 

1981  Lafferty,   W.  T.,  Lexington.  Ky. 
1911  Laffey.  John  P..  Wilmington.  Del. 

1919  Laflin,    Herbert   N..    Milwaukee,    Wia. 
1916  La  FoUette,  J.  J.  M.,  Bloomington.  Ind. 


i04 


AMBRICAlf   BAB  AfiSOCIATION. 


19B  UfoUette,  W.  U,  Jr.,  OoUax,  Wish. 

1980  Lainf ,  E.  Bruce,  Dowagitc,  Mich. 

1920  lAing,  John  A.,  PortUnd,  Ore. 
1918  Uird,  Oeoive  M..  Loos  Bcftdi,  OtL 
191S  Laird,  John  P.,  Parkersburf,  W.   Ya. 

1921  Laird,  Maiy  E.,    Waahington,   D.   O. 

1921  Laird,  Benel  A.,  Alturas,  OaL 

1920  Lake,  Edward  W.,  St.  Louia,  Mo. 

19SL  Lake,  Frederick  W.,  Loa  Angelca,  Oal. 

1917  Lake,  John  B.,  Oskalooaa,  Iowa. 

1922  Lakuata,   Nicholaa,   Denver,  Oolo. 
1914  Lamar,  George  H.,  Waahington,  D.  0. 

1921  Lamar,  Kifbj,  Rouaton,  Mo. 

1911  Lamar,  Laciiia  Q.  0.,  Havana.  Ooba. 
1914  Lamar,  Robert,  Hooaton,  Mo. 

1921  Lamar,  llieodore  J.,  Birmingham,  Ala. 

1914  Lamar,   William  H..    (RockriUe,    Md.). 

Waghington,  D.  C. 

1914  lAmb,  Broekenbrough,  Richmond,  Va. 

1912  Lamb,  N.  F.,  Jonesboro,  Ark. 

1990  Lamb,  W.  B.,  Jr.,  Farettevllle,  Tens. 

1914  Lamb,  William  B.,  Chicago,  111. 

1921  Lambdin,  J.  Oarl,  Jclferaon  Oity,  Tenn. 

1922  Lambe,  Edward  J..  Beaver  Oity,  Neb. 

1918  Lambert,  Frank  B.,  Minot,   N.   D. 

1921  Lambert,  L  Sidney,   New  York,   N.   Y. 

1922  Lambert,  L.  R.,  Santa  Roaa,  OaL 

1921  Lambert,  Marahall  E.,  Shawneetown,  lU. 

1921  Lambert,  William  O.,  andnnati,  Ohio. 

mi  Lambert,  Wilton  J.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

1918  Umej,   WilUam  J.,   New   York,   N.    Y. 

1921  Lamkin,   Oriffln,   Birmingham,   Ala. 

1822  Lamont,  Donald  Y.,  San  Frandaeo.  Oal. 

1918  L'Amoreamc,  Paul  C,  Chicago,  IB. 

1921  Lamphere,  Allen  L.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1921  Lampke,  A.  Glacier,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Lampl,  Henry,  Wichita,  Kan. 

1921  Lampman,  Leo  O.,  Primghar,  Iowa. 

1818  Lamaon,  George  W..  Nampa,  Idaho. 

1822  Lamaon,  Herbert,  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

1818  Lamaon,  J.  8.,  San  Frandaoo,  Cal. 

1818  Lamaon.  Richard,  Preaoott,  Aria. 

1818  Lanaghen,  Gideon  F.,  Chicago^  111. 

1888  Lucaatcr,  Charles  C,  Waahington,  D.  0. 

1801  Lancaater,    William    A.,    Minneapolis^ 

Minn. 

1812  Lancaater,  Wm.  W.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1814  Land,  Edward  M.,  Goldsboro,  N.  C. 

1808  Landaa,  Moacs  D.,   Vicksbarg,  Miss. 

1814  Landers,  Howe  8..  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

1818  Landcra.  John  Joseph,  Keene,  N    H. 

1921  Landia,  Gary  D.,  DeLand,  Fla. 

1901  Landia,  Charles  I.,  Lancaster,  Pa. 

1921  Landia,  John  C,  Jr.,  8t.  Joaeph,  Mo. 

1921  Landia,  Robert  K.,  Dajrton,  Ohio. 

1818  Landia.  William  P.,  Ardmore,  Pa. 

1821  Landon,  Benson,   Ohicago,   111. 

1914  Landon,  Thad.  B.,  Kanaaa  City,  Mo. 


fcLVWTBD 

1820  Landwehr,  Frank,  St  Louia,  Mo. 

1817  Lane,   Charlea   Elmer,   Cheyenne,   Wjo. 

1821  Lane,  Oharlea  J.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1818  Lane,  Hairy,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

1822  Lane,  Joe  P.,  DIUon,  &  a 

1821  Lane,  Joe  R.,  Davenport,  Iowa. 
1818  Lane,  Merritt.  Newark,   N.  J. 
1812  Lane,  Yietor  H.,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 
1808  Lane,  Wallace  R.,  Ohicago,  III. 
1812  Lane.  Woloott  O.,  New  York,  M.  T. 

1822  Langdon,  W.  H.,  San  Frandaeo,  Oal. 

1913  Lange,  GuaUr,  Jr.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1822  Langford,  F.  B.,  Spokane,  Waah. 

1921  Langhome,    James    F.,    Ban    Franciaoo. 
Oal. 

1922  Langfaome,  Maurice  A.,  Ttooma,  Waah. 
1918  Langknecht,  Carl  H.,  RanaM  City,  Mo. 
1922  Langaton,  John  D.,  Goldsboro,  N.  C. 

1917  Langwith,  J.  A.,  Winnemucca,  Nev. 
1921  Langworthy,  Benjamin  F.,  Ohicago,  IlL 

1914  Langworthy,  H.  M..  Kanaaa  City,  Mo. 

1921  Langworthy,    Ralph   W.,   Tucaon,    Arln. 
1818  Lanham,    Samuel   Tockcr,   Spartanbiitg. 

s.  a 

1814  Lank,  Edgar  W.,   PhiUdelphla,  Pa. 

1821  Lankford,   H.    Fillmore,   Prlnecas   Abdo. 

Md. 

1818  Lanncrs,  Hany  W.,  Doluth,  Minn. 

1818  Lannlng,  Charlea  D.,  Boston,  Maaa. 

1021  Lanning,  Kenneth  H.,  lYcnton,  N.  J. 

1922  Lannon,  Edward  T.,  San  Diego,  OaL 

1022  Lansburg,  6.  Las,  San  Frandaeo,-  Oal. 
1914  Lanaden,  D.  L.,  Naahville,  Tenn. 
1921  Lanaden,  David  8.,  Oairo,  lU. 

1821  Lanaden,  John  M.,  Oairo,  111. 

1920  Lansing.  A.  B..  St.  I^oula.  Mo. 
1814  Lanaing,  Robert,  Washington,  D.  O. 

1822  Lants,  George  D.,  Spokane,  Wash. 
1818  Lapham,   Oacar,  Providence,  R.  I. 
1817  Lapsley,  John  Whitfield,  Selna,  Ala. 

1921  Lapsley,  Rutherford,  Anniaton,  Ala. 
1904  Larimer,  Jeremiah  B.,  Topeka,  Kana. 
1920  Larimore,  H.  H.,  St.  Louia,  Mo. 

1918  Lark.  Charles  C,  Shamokin,  Pa. 
1916  Larkin,  Robert  E.,  Streator,  niinohi 
1920  Lamach.      Alexander      D.,      Hooololu, 

Hawaii. 

1908  La  Rodie,  Walter  P.,  Portland.  Oragon. 

1908  Larrabce,  Frank  D.,  Minneapolis,  MIbb. 

1923  Larrabee,  L.  L.,  Loa  Angeles,  Oal. 
1914  Larrabee,  Sydney  B..  Portland,  Maine. 
1906  Laraon,  Oscar  J.,  Duluth,  Minn. 

1920  Laraon,  Thorwald,  Holbrook,  Aria. 
1918  Larwill,  Langdon  H.,  Denver,  Colo. 
1914  Laraelere,  Nicholas  H.,  Nonlatown,  Pin. 

1921  LaaecU,   Joaeph  Andrew,   Ohicago,   m. 
1920  Laahly,  Arthur  Y.,  8t.  Looia,  Mo. 
1918  Lashly.  Jacob  M.,  St  Louia,  Ma. 


ALPHABKriCAL   LIST  OV   MBMBKB8. 


805 


mi  LMktf,  Heuy,  8|prli«fteki, 

1911  Laaktj,  John  B.,  Wiihiaftoii,  D.  C 

18U  LMki,  Uon,  Hew  York,  N.  T. 

1919  Luiiter,  Charles  T.,  Petertbars,  Ve. 

191S  Uthun,  Ctrl  R.,  Oikago,  DL 

IflSl  LatlMin,  JiMb  H.,  Deeatur,  III. 

IMS  Letlirop,  Gardiiier,  ChioagD,  OL 

191B  Letlirapt  Umoj  norenoe,  Denrer,  Odio. 

191S  UtiDer,  W.  CtenoU,  AtlanU,  Oe. 

ins  Lenbemteiii,  Frank  J..  AAland.  Pa. 

ItlS  LauehhciBMr,  Byhnn  Hajrca,  Baltimore, 

Md. 

19»  Lauder,  W.  &,  Wahpeten,  N.  D. 

1914  Laiicr,  M(ar  J.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1919  LaiigblJiip  nank  a,  Buflklo,  N.  Y. 

1928  Laufffalio,  Fiederie  J.,  Portland,  Me. 

1982  Laiishlin,  Qail,  San  Prancisoo,  GaL 

1921  Laufent,  Jeaeph  S.,  lioulivllle.  Ken.     • 

1907  LantertMch,  Bdward,  New 'York,  M.  Y. 

1928  Lautcratein,  Leon,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1981  Lautnann,  Herbert  M.,  OUeago,  lU. 
1921  Laux,  J.  Frank,  Briatow,  Okla. 
1921  LaTelle,  Frank  A.,  Boston,  Maai. 

1921  Lavenburv,  Arthur,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1981  Lavender,  J.  F.,  Boekwell  Oitj,  Iowa. 
1919  LavcfT,  Uitan  A.,  Chicago,  ni. 

1919  Lavln,  Jamea  P.,  Phoenix,  Aria. 

1989  UvtB,  Patrick  A..  8t  LoDia,  Mo. 

1919  Uw,  J.  B.,  Caarkafaurv,  W.  Ya. 

1911  Lawlar,  Clement  A.,  JEanaaa  City.  Mo. 

1989  Lawlar,  John  A.,  Haatinga,  Neb. 

1929  Lawler,  Joseph  B.,  Chicaco,  ni. 
1906  Lawler,  Oacar,  Loa  Angelea,  Cat 
1981  Lawlcsi,  Thoa.  J.,  Chleaffo,  111. 

1922  Lawler,  William  P.,  San  Franeiaoo,  Cal. 
1909  Lawrason,  &  McO.,  St  Francterllle,  La. 

1919  Lawrenoe,  Alexander  A.,   Savannah,  Oa. 

1920  Lawrenee,  Aubrey,  Fargo,  N.  D. 
1922  Lawrenoe,  Edwin  W.,  Rntland,  Yt 
1919  Lawrence,  Fred  F.,  Skowhegan,  Maine. 
1909  Lawrence,  George  A.,  Oalesbarg,  HI. 
1981  Lawrenee,    George    Ohanning,    Boston, 

Mas. 

1921  Lawrence,  James,  Wellington,  Kan. 
1981  Lawrence,  James  O.,  Manila,  P.  L 
1981  Lawrence,   Rulif  Y.,  Freehold,   N.   J. 
1921  Lawrenoe,  SUaton  T.,  Rutherford,  N.  J. 
1981  Lawrenoe,  Thomas  £.,  Buifalo,  N.  Y. 
1919  Lawrence,  Yan  Courtlandt,  Boston,  Mass. 

1921  Lawrence,  W.  O.,  Calhoun  City,  Miss. 

1922  Lawson,  Gordon.  Los  Angeles,  Oal. 
1917  Lawaon,  Hal.,  Abbeville,  Ga. 

1914  Lawaoo,  Harley  F.,  Bawkimville,  Ga. 

1989  Lawaon,  J.  L.,  Alamogerde,  N.  M. 

1917  Lawaon,  L.  M.,  Darlington,  &  a 

1919  Lawthsr,  Hany  P.,  Dallas,  Tea. 

1989  Lnwton,  Afcnmnder  B.,  Ssvannsh,  Ga. 


1919  Lswton,    Alexander  R.,   Jr.,   Savannah, 
Ga. 

1911  Lawton,  Frederick,  Boston,  Msssl 

1917  Uwyer,  George,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
1922  Layman,  F.  B.,  Portland,  Ore. 

1921  Lajme,  Oamey  M.,  Huntington,  W.  Va. 

1982  Lay  ton,  Caleb  &,  Wilmington,  Del. 

1921  Laaansky,  Bdward,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1981  Laaaroe,  Jaeob  John,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1912  Lasarua,  Eldon  Spencer,  New  Orleans,  La. 
1981  Lasarua,  Joseph,  Louisville,  Ky. 

1918  Lsaenby,  John  R.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Lea,  John  P.,  Richmond,  Ya. 

1910  Lea,  Luke,  Nadivllle,  Tenn. 

1919  Leach,  C.  Nelaon,  Chicago,  HI. 
1922  Leadi,  Oacar,  Raeford,  N.  0. 
1918  Leach,  Will,  Scranton,  Pa. 

1921  Leader,   Benjamin,   Birmini^am,   Ala. 

1918  Leahy,  David  J.,  East  Lss  Yegaa,  N.  M. 

1920  Leahy,  J.,  Raton,  N.  M. 

1920  Leahy,  John  P.,  St.  Looia,  Mo. 

1900  Leahy,  John  a,  St.  Louis, « Mo. 

1918  Leahy,  John  W.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1919  Leahy,  T.  J.,  Pawhuska,  Okla. 

1920  Leahy,  Thomas  W.,  Muskogee,  Okla. 

1921  Leahy,  William  B.,  Washington,  D.  O, 

1918  Leake,  Eugene  W.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1906  Leake,  Hunter  C,   New  Orleans,   La. 

1919  Leake,  J.  Jordan,  Richmond,  Ya. 

1886  Leakin,   J.    Wilson,    Bsltimore,   Md. 
1921  Learoy,  Jamea  P.,  Rutland,  Yt. 

1911  Learned,  Myron  L.,  Omaha,  Kebr. 

1918  Leary,  Edward  F.,  Omaha,  Nebr. 

1916  Leaiy,  William  R..  Salt  Uke  City.  UUh. 

1921  Leasure,  Jamea  P..  Ottawa,  Ohio. 

1922  Leatherwood,    Elmer    O..    Washington, 

D.  0. 

1889  Leavitt.  John  Brooks,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Leavitt.  Nathan  R.,  Elisabeth,  N.  J. 

1922  Leavy,  Char  lea  H.,  Spokane,  Waah. 
1921  Leavy.  H.  Wilford,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1919  Leber,  Samuel  F.,  Newark,  N.  J. 
1918  LeBoeuf,  Randall  J.,  Albany.  N.  T. 
1921  Le  Bosky,  Leo  S..  Chicsgo,  111. 

1917  Lecher.  Louis  A.,  Milwaukee.  Wk. 

1920  Lechner,  Harvey  U,  Philadelphia.  Ps. 

1918  Leckie.  Frederick  U.  Oevelend,  Ohio. 
1914  Ledbetter,  H.  A.,  Ardmore^  Okla. 

1921  Lederer,  Cbarlea,  Chicago,  HI. 
1921  Led  with,  John  J.,  Unooln,  Neb. 
1916  Ledyard,  Henry,  Detroit,  Mich. 
1920  Lee,  A.  C,  Moaroeville,  Ala. 
1916  Lee,   Archibald  A.'.   Denver,  Colo. 
1980  Lee,  Benedict  H.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1887  Lee,  Blair.  Silver  Springs,  Md. 
1894  Lee,  Blewett,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1911  Lee,  Bradner  W.,  Los  Angpi^,^  d^i. 


806 


AKSRICAK   BAR  A8800IATION. 


1918  Lee,   Bradner  Wtlli,  Jr.,  Lot  Angelei» 

Gtl. 

1921  Lee,  Charles  O.,  Aaherille.  N.  O. 

1917  Lee,  Oharlea  K.,  Fort  Worth,  Tttaa. 

1909  Lee,  Chaucer  Q.,  Ames,  Iowa. 
1921  Lee,  D.  Oollioa,  Oovinfftoo,  Kj. 
1911  Lee,   David  P.,   Norwich,   K.   Y. 

1921  Lee,    Duncan  Campbell,    London,    Bnf. 
1916  Lee.  Eddy  0.,  Salt  Uke  City,  Utah. 

1922  Lee,  Edward  J.,  MInneapoUa.  Minn. 

1910  Lee.  Edward  T.,  Chicago,  III. 
1914  Lee,  Edwin  W.,  St.  Louia,  llo. 
192b  Lee.  Frank.  Muskogee.  Okla. 

1920  Lee,  Frank  E.,  Fort  Morgan,  Ool«. 

1921  Lee,  Henry  E.,  Crewe,  Va. 

1921  Lee,  Howard  B..  Louisville.  Ky. 

1920  Lee.  Jamca  Henderson.  Detroit.  Midi. 

1913  Lee,  Jay  M.,  Kanraa  City,  Mo. 

1921  Lee,  Jesse  W..  Webster  City.  Iowa. 

1920  Lee.  John  D..  Sumter,  S.  C. 

1906  Lee,  John  P..  St.   Louis,  Mo. 

1918  Lee,  John  H.  S.,  Chicago,  III. 

1914  Lee,  John  L.  0..  Baltimore.  Md. 

1921  Lee.  John  M..   Chicago,   111. 

1918  Lee,  Kenyon  Farrar.  Los  Angeles,  CaL 

1916  Lee,  Leroy,  Kingstree,  S.  C. 

1921  Lee,  Onrille  W.,  Chicago.  HI. 

1917  Lee.  Ray  E.,  Cheyenne,  Wyo. 

1913  Lee,  T.  Bailey.  Burley.  Idaho. 

1919  Lee,  Thomas  Amory.  Topeka,  Kans. 

1907  Lee,  Thomas  Zanslaur,  Providence,  R.  I. 

1918  Lee.  William  A.,  Boise,  Idaho. 

1920  Lee,  William  Baxter,  Knoxville.  Tenn.    * 

1914  I^,  wniisro  L..  Fayetteville.  W.  Va. 

1922  Lee.   William  R.,  Tacoma,   Wash. 
1922  Leeds,  Walter  R.,  Los  Angeles.  Cal. 

1920  Leekley,  Harlow  A.,  Muskogee,  Okla. 

1921  Leen,  Arthur  E..  Dayton.  Ohio. 

1919  Leeper,  Robert  D.,  Lewiston,  Idaho. 
1921  Lees,    Andrew,   La   Crosse,    Wis. 

1911  Lees,  Edward.  St.  Paul.  Minn. 

1916  Leete,  Thomas  T..   Detroit.  Mich. 

1914  Le  Frvre,  Charles  H..  Washington.  D.  C. 
1921  Lefflngwell.  Frank  P.,  Chicago.  111. 
1911  Lefflngwell,  Russell  C,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1919  Leftwich,  George  J..  Aberdeen,  Miss. 

1917  Leftwich,  Louia,   Nashville.  Tenn. 
1888  Legendre.  James.  New  Orleans.  La. 
1919  Legg.  Cheater  Arthur,  Chicago,  HI. 

1918  Legg,  J.  H.  C,  CentreviUe.  Md. 
1918  Leggat,  John  C,  Lowell.  Mass. 
1921  Legge,  Lionel  K.,  Charleston.  8.  0. 
1917  LeOrande.  J.  W.,  Bennettsville.  8.  C. 

1915  Lehman,   L   Howard.  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1913  Lehman.  Irving,  New  York,  N.   Y. 
1921  Lehmann,  Carl,  Cincinnati,   Ohia 
1897  Lehmann,  Frederick  W.,  8t  Louii,  Mo. 


1917  Lahaiann,  Frederick  W.,  Jr.,  Dea  MoiBea» 
Iowa. 

1917  Lehmann,  John  &,  St.  Louia,  Mo. 

1909  Lehmann,  Sears.  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1921  Lehrer,  8.  J.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1921  Lehtman,  Benjamin,  Chicago,  HI. 
1928  Ldoester,  J.  F.,  flan  Fnodnoo,  Cal. 

1916  Leigh,  Norvelle  R.,  Mobile,  Ala. 

1922  Leininger,  C.  W.,  Redding,  Oil. 

1918  Leiser,  Andrew  A.,  Chicopce  Falla,  Maaa. 

1918  Leiser,  Andrew  A.,  Jr.,  Lcwisbnrg,  Pa. 
1922  Leitch,  Constance,  Los  Angelea,  Cal. 

1919  Leitch.  Stephen  W.,  Baltimore,  Md. 
1928  Ldterman,  Samuel  N.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1922  Leman,  Henry  W.,  Chicago,  IlL 

1921  Lemann,    Walter.    Donaldsville.    La. 

1911  Lemann.  Monte  M.,  New  Orlenna.  La. 

1920  Lerabke.  F.  T.,  Hettinger.  N.  D. 

1921  Lemkuhl.  Joaeph,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1907  Lemle,  Oustave,  New  Orleana,  La. 

1922  Lemmoa,   Oeorge  J..   Denver.  Colo. 

1921  Lemoo,  Frank  K.,  Clinton,  III. 
1904  Lenehan,  Daniel  J.,  Dubuque.  Iowa. 

1910  L*EngIe.  E.  J..  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

1922  Lennon,  Tbomaa  J.,  San  Firanclsco,  Oal. 

1913  Lenaaen,  Nicbolaa  F.,  New  York.  N.   T. 

1917  Leon.  Maurice.  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Leonard,  Charlea  R.,  Butte,  Mont. 

1922  Leonard,  Frank  R.,  Chicago,  lU. 
1922  Leonard,  J.  .C,  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa. 

1921  Leonard,  L.  L.,  St.  Loufa,  Ma 

1915  Leovy,  Victor,  New  Orleana.  La. 

1922  Leppo,  J.  B.,  Santa  Roaa,  Cal. 

1921  LeRoaen,  Arthur  A.,  Shrevepcrt,  La. 
1928  Le  Rue,  Arch  L.,  8t  Paul,  Minn. 

1916  Leser,  Oscar.  Baltimore.  Md. 

1914  Leah,  Paul  B..  Washington,  D.  C. 

1922  Lesser,  Benjsmin,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1913  Lesser.  Jacob  J..  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1920  Lesser,  M.  B..  Memphis.  Tenn. 

1921  Lester,  Eugene  F.,   Wilburton,  OMa 

1914  Lester.  Wharton  E.,  Washington.  D.  C 

1921  Letchworth.  Edward  H.,  Buffalo,   N.  T. 
1901  Letton.  Charles  B..  Lincoln.  Nebr. 

1922  Leuty.  Tom  J..  Oakesdale,  Waah. 

1921  Leva,  J.   Arthur,  New  York,  N.   T. 

1922  Levene,  Alexander,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1920  Leveque,  Louis  D..  Terre  Haute,  Tnd. 

1921  Leverich.  Watts  K..  New  Orlesns,  La. 

1911  Leverodi,  Frsnk.  Boston.  Msss. 

1912  Leverson,  Oliver,  Detroit.  Mich. 

1920  Levi.  Abraham  L..  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
1911  Levi,  Joseph  C,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1914  Levi.  Julius  C.  Phllsdelphia.  Pn. 

1922  Levin,  A.  I.,  St.  Paul,  Mian. 

1921  Levin.  Harry,  New  York,  N.  Y, 
1920  Levin,  laadore,  Detroit,  Mick. 
1916  Levin,  Michaet  Milwmikce.  Wit. 


ALPHABETICAL   LIST  OF   MBMBBB8. 


807 


Ittt  Lerine,  Benjamin  L.,  Seattle,  Waah. 

1920  Lerine,  J.  L.,  Ohattanooga,  Tenn. 
1082  Lerinakr,  Arthur  L.,  Stockton,  Oal. 

1921  Leylnaon,  Darid,  OhicaifO,  111. 

1919  Lerinaon,  Harry  C,  Chicago,  III. 
X920  Lerlnaon,  Morria  G.,  St.  Loute,  Mo. 
1921  Lerinaon,  Morria  O.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1899  Lcrinaon,  Salmon  O.,  Chicago,  111. 
1896  Leria,  Howard  C,  London,  Eng, 
1921  Leria,  Robert  P.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1921  Leriaohn,  Arthur  A.,  Chicago,  HI. 
1921  Leriaon,  Philip.  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Lerit,  Lewia  D.,  Chicago,  111. 

1922  Leidton,  Charlea,  Chicago,  ill. 
1908  Levy,   Aubrey,  Seattle,  Wadi. 

1921  Lery,  Dairid  L.,  San  Pranciaco,  Oal 

1918  Levy,  David  M.,  ancinnati,  Ohio. 

1919'  Levy,  David  R.,  Chicago.  111. 

1921  Levy,  Edward  B.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

ms  Levy.   Pellx  H..  New  York.  N.   Y. 

1921  Levy,  Harry  R.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1902  Levy,  Joeeph  L.,  Kew  York.  N.  Y. 

1921  Levy.  Lawrence  L..  San  Francisco,  Oal. 
1918  Levy,  Leo.  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1915  Levy.  Moe.  Norfolk,  Va. 

1918  I^evy.  Samuel,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1916  Levy.  Samuel  J.,  Minneapolis.  Minn. 

1922  Levy,  Samuel  M.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Levy,   Sylvanua   George.    Winnetka.   111. 
1918  Levy,  William  B..  Baltimore.  Md. 

1907  Lewenberg.  Solomon.  Boston.   Mass. 

1922  Lewinaon,  Benno,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1981  Lewinson,  Joseph  L.,  Los  Angeles,  G^l. 
1980  Lewis.  Abraham,  Jr.,  Honolulu.  Hawaii. 

1918  Lewia,  Addison  Carr,  Steubenville,  Ohio. 
1928  Lewia,  Bertha  Wallace,  Austin,  Tex. 

1921  Lewis,  Ceylon  H.,  Ssrracuae.  N.  Y. 

1920  Lewis,  Clarence  M.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1922  Lewis,  Devillo,  Port  Angeles.  Wash. 

1919  Lewis,  Rmest  W..  Phoenix.  Ariz. 

1900  Lewis.  Francis  D..  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

1918  Lewis.  Frsnk  S.,  Toledo,  Ohio. 

1920  Lewis,  Giles  P.,  Milton.  Fla. 

1919  Lewis,  H.  Stuart.  SufToIk.  Va. 

1921  liewis.  Herbert  I..  Weat  Point,  Va. 
1918  Lewis.  Howard,  Toledo.  Ohio. 

1918  Lewis,  Howard  Benton,  Philadelphia,  Ps. 

1908  Lewia,  J.  Hamilton,  Chicago,  HI. 

1922  Lewia,  Jay  L,  Corrallis,  Ore. 

1908  Lewis.  John  Frederick,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1921  Lewis,  John  H.,  MInot,  N.  D. 

1922  Lewia,  John  M..  San  Francisco.  Osl. 
1921  Lewis.  .Yoseph   W.,  Pittsfleld,  Maas. 
1915  Lewis,   Lawrence,   Denver,   Colo. 

1921  Lewis.  Leon  L..  Chicago,  HI. 

1922  Lewis,  Llston  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1915  Lewis,  Loran  L.,  Jr..  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
1914  Lewis.  Looia  8.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


nKCTCD 

1920  Lewia.  Maaon  A.,  Denver.  Colo. 

1914  Lewia,  Merton  B.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

1920  Lewia,  Miles  W..  Jacksonville,  Fla. 
1911  Lewia.  Nathan  B..  West  Kingston.  R.  I. 
1918  Lewis,   Paul   Murray,   Boston.   Mass: 
1922  Lewis,  R.  F.,  San  Francisco,  OaL 
1922  Lewia,  Robert  E.  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Lewia,  Roger,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1920  Lewia,  S.  R..  Tulsa.  Okla. 

1921  Lewia,  Seymour  M.,  Chicago,  111. 

1917  Uwia.  Shippen.  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

1920  Lewia,  Troy  W.,  Little  Rock.  Ark. 
1898  Uwia,  W.  Draper.  PhiladelphU,  Pa. 

1915  Lewia.  W.  R.,  Montezuma,  Iowa. 
1911  Lewia,    Walter    SUnford,    New   Orleana, 

U. 

1922  Lewia,  Warren  H..  Seattle.  Waah. 
1911  Uwia.  William  H.,  Boston.  Maas. 
1908  Uwis,  Willism  I..  Paterson.  N.  J. 

1921  Lewkowitz,  Herman,  Phoenix,  Aria. 

1921  Uxow,  Morton,  Suffem,  N.  Y. 
1914  Lhowe,  Harold  Rogera.  New  York,  N.  Y. 
19^8  Libbv.  Warren  E.,  San  Diego.  Cal, 

1922  Lichtig.  Arnold,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1921  Liddy.  Ralph  W.,  Detroit.  Mich. 
1911  Lide,  L  D..  Marion,  8.  C. 

1921  Lider.  Harry  A.,  New  Bedford,  Maas. 
1907  Liebman,  Walter  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Uechti,  Arnold  W..  San  Francisco,  Oal. 

1918  Llesrhley,  P.  L.  A..  Cleveland.  Ohio. 
1922  LilTrinff,  John  D.,  Waterloo,  Iowa. 
19C9  Light.  John  H.,  South  Norwalk.  Conn. 
1918  Light.  Robert  W.,  Boston.  Mass. 
1914  Lightfoot,  Joseph.  Honolulu.  Hawaii. 

1920  Lightfoot,  Joseph  B.,  Honolulu,  Hawaii. 
1806  Lightner.  Clarence  A..  Detroit,  Mich. 
1918  LIgon,  R.  F..  Montgomery,  Ala. 
1910  Lile,  William  Minor.  Charlottesville,  Va. 

1921  Liles,  Luther  B..  Annlaton,  Ala. 

1910  LHlard,  J.   W.,  Decatur.  Tenn. 
1981  Ulleston,  W.  F.,  Wichita,  Kan. 
1913  Lllllck.   Ira  S..  San   Franclsro.  Cal. 

1921  Lillle,  Edward  H.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1988  Ltllia,  Henry  M.,  Laa  Vegas,  Nev. 
19M  LIllv,  Ma*or  J.,  Moberly,  Mo. 

1922  Lilly,  William,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1922  Limburg,  Herbert  R.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Lincoln.   Albert  L.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1911  Lincoln,  Alexander,  Boston,  Mass. 

1911  Lincoln.  Arha  N..  Fall  River.  Mass. 
1922  Lincoln,  Daniel  W.,  Worcester.  Mass. 

1912  LIndabury.  Richard  V.,  Newark.  N.  J. 
1922  Lindauer,  Arthur,  Fairfield,  Oal. 

1921  Lindeman,  C.  A.,  Yuma,  Ariz. 

1919  Lindemuth,  Benjamin  F.,  Providence, 
R.  I. 

1913  LIndheim,  Norvin  R.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Lindholm,  Paul  Purcell,  Lexington.  Miss. 


808 


AlCEBIOAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


KUICTID 

1920  Undlcj,  Adelbert  H.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1008  LiacQej,  Eramus  C,  St.  Paul,  Mlnii. 

1919  Lindlej.  Fred  E.,  S«zi  Diego,  Cal. 
1912  Lindlejr,  Walter  C,  Danville,  111. 

1920  Lindsay,      Alexander,      Jr.,      Honolulu, 

Hawaii. 

1920  Lindsay.  Alexander  P.,  Pittsburfh,  Pa. 

1922  Lindsay,  Carl  Z.,  Fresno,  Cal. 

1914  Lindsay,  James  J..  Baltimore,  lid. 

1907  Lindsay.  John  D.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1922  Lindsay,  William  J.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1902  Lindaey,  Edwsrd,  Warren,  Pa. 

1901  Lindsley,  Henry  A.,  Denver,  Colo. 
1922  Lindsley,  Joseph  B.,  Spokane,  Wash. 
1920  Linebaiger,  Paul  Myron,  Shanghai,  China. 

1911  Lines.  George.  Milwaukee.  Wis. 

1922  Uoforth,  Walter  H.,  San  Francisco,  Qui. 

1919  Ling.  Perry  M..  Jerome.  Ariz. 

1922  Lingenfelter,  C.  B.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1918  Link.  A.  C.  Springfield.  Ohio. 

1914  Unkins,  Charles,  Washington,  D.  C. 

1912  Linn.  Andrew  M.,   Washington,  Pa. 

1915  Linn.  Philip  B..  Uwishurg.  Pa. 
1914  Linn.  Stahle,  Salisbury,  N.  C. 

1909  Linn.  William  B.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

1916  Linnell.  William  &,  Portland,  Me. 

1920  linncy,  Frank  A.,  Boone,  N.  a 

1919  Linncy,  Hart  well  H.,  San  Francisco.  CaL 
1919  Unscott,  Daniel  C,  Boston.  Mass. 
1911  Linscott.  Frank  K.,  Boston,  ICasa. 

1922  Unsday,  James  B.,  Sheldon.  Iowa. 

1921  Linstrom,  H.  A.,  Hayti,  8.  D. 
1918  Linton.  James  N..  Columbus.  Ohio. 

1922  Unrille,  O.  P.,  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa. 
1922  Lipman,  George  M.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1921  Upp,  Samuel  I.,  Cindnnsti,  Ohio.   ' 

1922  Uppitt,  Guty  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1922  Uppman,  Max,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1922  UpKhults,  Leo,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

1918  Lipscomb,  A.  D.,  Beaumont,  Texas. 

1919  Upson.  Issac  B.,  Chicago,  HI. 
1922  Uas,  Max  C,  Chicago,  IIL 

1922  UsB,  Rebecca  WUlner,  Chicago,  HL 

1980  Utowich,  B.  L,  Salina,  Kana. 

1916  Litsinger,  Edwsrd  R.,  Chicago,  lU. 

1921  Little,  Albert  C,  Boston,  Mass. 

1911  Little,  Amos  R.,  Boston,  Msss. 
1921  Little,  Ctrl  M..  PorUand,  Oreg. 
1918  Little,  Charles  B.,  Scrsnton,   Pa. 

1912  Little,  James  C,  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

1818  Little.  John  E.,  Colorsdo  Springs.  Colo. 

1921  Uttle,  John  Msys,  Towson,  Md. 

1916  Little,  Joseph  W.,  Wilmington.  N.  a 

1920  Little,  Nonral  W.,  Pittsburgh.  Pa. 

1921  Little,   W.  a,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1918  Littleflcld,  Charles  W.,  Providence,  B.  L 

1918  Littlefleld,  James  B..   Providence,  R.  L 

1902  LitUefteld,  Nathan  W.,  Providence,  R.  L 


BLBOTID 

1919  Uttlcpage,  Tliomas  P.,  Waahiagtott, 

D.  a 

1921  LitUetOD,  Oarlyle  S..  Chattanooga, 

1912  LitUeton,  Frank  L.,  Indianapolis,  lad. 

1910  Uttleton.  Jesse  M.,  ChstUnooga.  Ten. 

1918  Uttleton.  William  G.,  Philadelphia,  Pn. 

1921  Utz,  M.  O.,  Welch,  W.  Va. 

1921  Uvengood,  Y.  E.,  Covington,  Ind. 

1914  Uveright,  Alfred  M.,   aearSeld.  Pn. 

1921  Uverman,  H.  T.,  MansOeld.  La. 

1921  Uvermore,  Arthur  L.,  New  Tock,  N.  T. 

1921  Uvesay,  J.  O.,  Foreman,  Ark. 

1917  Ur^tey,  Fied.  M.,  Huntlngtosu  W.  Ya. 

1917  Uvii^Bton,  Carl  B.,  Carlsbad,  M.  M. 
1914  Uvingston,  D.  W.,  Nebraska  aty,  Nebr. 

1920  Livingston,  H.  J.,  Memphis,  Tsan. 

1922  Uvingston,   Sohuyler    W.,    WssUacton, 

Iowa. 

1914  Lloyd,  James  T.,  Waahii«ton,  D.  a 

1906  Uoyd,  Malcolm,  Jr.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1918  Lloyd,  Warren  E.,  Los  Angelca.  Qd. 

1918  Lloyd.  WillUm  U.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

1919  Lobben,  Jena  L.,  St.,  James,  Mlaa. 

19H  Lobdell,  Charlea  E.,  Waahlngtoa.  D.  O. 

1922  Lobdell,  J.  Karl,  Los  Angeles,  OaL 

1907  Lobingier,  Charles  &,  Shanghai,  GhJaa. 

1920  Loch,  John  W.,  Memphia,  Tean. 
1918  Locke,  Eugene  P..  Dallas.  Texas. 

1921  Locke,   Walter  M.,   CindnaatI,  Ohio. 
1918  Lockhart,  Jamea  M.,   Ely,   Nev. 

1917  Lockhart,  Walter  &,  Durban,  N.  C 
1914  Lockhart,  William  B.,  Galveston.  Teiaa 
1912  Lockwood,  Charles  a.  New  York,  N.  T. 

1918  Lockwood,  Charlea  D.,  Stamford,  Oona. 
li^  Lockwood,  Edward  M.,  Norwalk.  Ooaa. 

1916  Lockwood,  George  R.,'  St.  Lonia,  Ma 

1921  Lockwood,    Barley    K.,    Cedar    Rapida, 

Iowa. 

1919  Lockwood,  James  T.,  Apponaug,  R.  L 
1919  Lockwood,  L.  Deane,  Lcgaspi.  P.  L 

1917  Lockwood,  Roy,  Ticonderoga.  N.  Y. 
1900  Lockwood.  Vir)gil  H.,  Indianapolia,  lad. 
1917  Loder,  Le  Roy  W.,   Bridgetoa,  .N.  J. 

1917  Lodge,  Heniy  Oibot,  Waabington.  D.  GL 

1922  Loeb,  Albert  I.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1918  Loeb,  CUrencc,   PhiUdelphia.  Pa. 
1921  Loeb,  Edwin  J.,  Loa  Angeles,  OiL 

1918  Loeb,  Joseph  P.,  Los  Angeles.  Gal. 
1912  Loeb,  Leo,  Charleston,  W.  Va. 

1919  Loeber.  Florence,  New  Orleana,  U. 

1921  Loehwing.  Marx,   Chicago,   III. 
1896  Loesch,  Frsnk  J.,  Chicago.  IIL 
1916  Loeser,  Nathan.  Oeveland,  Ohio. 
1914  Loevinger,  Gustavus.  St  Psul.  Mian. 

1922  Loew,  WillUm  N.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1908  Loewenthal.  Max.  Los  Angeles,  OaL 
1922  Loewenthal,  Paul,  Los  Angela^  OsL 
1922  Loewy,  Walter,  San  Fraadaoo,  (U. 


ALPHABETICAL   LIST   OF   MSHBBK8. 


809 


1919 
19n 
1982 
1981 
1921 
1922 
1922 
1912 
1914 
1914 
1921 
1911 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1918 
1921 
1921 
1916 
1908 
1914 
1914 
1912 
1990 
1921 
1990 
1916 
1921 
1912 
1921 
1918 
1921 
1920 
1921 
1918 
1922 
1916 
1916 

19(1 
1912 
1919 
1906 
1921 
1920 
1918 
19a 
19119 
1914 
1922 
1922 


1911 
1914 
1908 
1912 

1907 


Loftiii,  Soott  M.,  JackBcmrille.  FU. 
Loftua,   Clarence  J.,   Ohieago,  HI. 
Loftua,  William  A.,  San  Francisco,  Dal. 
Logan,  John,  Waahington  C.  H.,  Ohio. 
Logan,  Joaeph  D.,  Sakm,  Va. 
Logan,  M.  M.,  Bowling  Qreen,  Kj. 
Logan,  Sidney  M.,  Kaliapcll,  Mont. 
Logan,  Straud  11,  Qnnd  Junction,  Cola 
Logue,  J.  Waahington,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Logue,  John  Gibaon,  Houaton,  Texaa. 
Lohman,   Clarence,   Pawhuaka,  Okla. 
Lonahaugh,  E.  B.,  Sheridan,  Wyoming. 
Lonabaugh,  Harvey  E.,  Sheridan,  Wyo. 
London,  Benry  M.,  Baleigh,  N.  O. 
London,  Horace,  Mew  York,  H.  Y. 
Loneigan,  Auguatine,  Hartford.  Conn. 
Loncrgan,  Frank  J.,  Portland,  Oreg. 
Loaea,  W.  F.,  Wellarille,  Ohio. 
Long,  Albert  J.,  Hageratown,  Md. 
Long,  Armlatcad  R.,  tynchbarg,  Ta. 
Long,  Benjamin  F..  StateaviUe,  N.  a 
Long,  Breckinridge,  Waahington,  D.  01 
Long,  Chester  I.,  Wichita,  Kanaaa. 
Long,  Ernest  M.,  Richmond.  Va. 
Lcmg,  H.  P.,  Shrereport,  La. 
Long,  Inrin,  Detroit,  Mich. 
Long,  Jease  R.,  Chicago,  HI. 
Long,  Juliua  T.,  Shrereport,  La. 
Long,  Martin  Henry,  Jacksonville,  Fhu 
Long,   Mitchell,    Knorville,  Tenn. 
Long,  Percy  V.,  San  Franciaoo,  Oal. 
Long,  WiUlam  H.,  Chicago,  111. 
Longan,  Edward  E.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Longan,  John  M.,  Phoenix,  Aria. 
Longstreth,  Mayne  R.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Longsworth,  L  E.,  Uroa,  Ohio. 
Looby,  M.  F.,  Chicago,  Bl. 
LooAMmiow,  Frederick  C,  Salt  Lake 

aty,  UUh. 
Loomia,  Elihu  G.,  Boston,  Maaa. 
Loomia,  George  Linden,  Fremont,  Nebr. 
Loomia,  Bomer  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Loomia,  M.  H.,  Omaha,  Nebr. 
Loooqr,  F.  J.,  Shrereport,  La. 
LooBcy,  M.  A.,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 
Looney,  William  H.,  Portland,  Maine. 
Looi^  Karl  D.,  Waahington,  D.  0. 
Loot,  Mevin  J.,  Bethlehem.   Pa. 
Loose,  Jacob  C,  Mauch  Chunk,  Pa. 
Lopes,  Joaquin,  San  Juan,  Porto  Rico. 
Lopes,  Juan  Hemandes,  San  Juan,  P.  R. 
Lorbach,  David,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
Lord,  Arthur,  Beaton,  Maaa. 
Lord,  C.  A.,  Beaumont,  Texaa. 
Lord,  Frank  E.,  Chicago,  III. 
Lord,  John  S.,  Chicago,  111. 
Lorenzen,  Ernest  O.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 
Loret,  Joseph  A.,  San  Juan,  P.  B. 


1914  Lorie,  J.  L.,  Kanaaa  City,  Mo. 

1916  Loring,  A  P.,  Boston,  Maaa. 

1928  Loring,  Oharlcab  Waahington,  D.  C. 

19U  Loring,  Victor  J.,  Boston,  Maaa. 

1918  Loring,  WUliam  Caleb,  Boston,  Maaa. 
1911  Lothrop,  Thornton  K.,  Jr.,  Boston,  Maaai 

1919  LotMh,  John  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Louchheim,  Samuel  K.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1919  Loucka,  Charlea  0.,  Chicago,  111. 
1921  Loocks,  Daniel  K.,  Watertown,  &  D. 
1918  Loucka*  Perry  F.,  Watertown,  &  D. 
1918  Loucka,  Wm.  Dewey,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Looer,  Albtft  S.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1911  Loughborough,  J.  F.,  Uttle  Rock,  Ark. 
1918  Loughlin,  John  K.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1922  Loughran,      Patrick     H.,    •  Waahington, 

D.  0. 

1922  Looghrey,  John  L,  Marysville,  Ohio. 

1916  Louia,  Benjamin  Franklin,  Houaton,  Tex. 

1921  Louiaon,  Alfred  B.,  Rockford,  HI. 

1916  Lourie,  David  A.;  Boston,  Maaa. 

1921  Lourie,  John  M.,  New  York,  M.  Y. 

1914  Lourie,  Moaea  8.,  Boston,  Maaa. 

1912  Love,  C.  Morup  N.,  Wilbur,  Waah. 
1921  Love,  David  B.,  Fremont,  Ohio. 
1914  Love,  Thomaa  B.,  Dallaa,  Texaa. 
1921  Love,  Stephen,  Chicago,  Bl. 

1921  Love,  Walter  B.,  Monroe,  N.  O. 

1921  Love,  WilUam  F..  Rochester,  M.  Y. 

1920  LoveJoy,  Earl,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1918  Lovell,  Charles  H.,  San  Frandaco,  OaL 

1920  Lovequeat,  George  H.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1919  Loveridge,  Edgar  H.,  Prcacott,  Arix. 
1914  LoveCt,  A.  B.,  Savannah,  Ga. 

1916  Lovett,  H.  T..  Huntington,  W.  Ta. 

1922  Lovett,   William  W.,  Jr.,  Los  Angeles, 

Gsl. 

1907  Lovett,  Robert  S.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

19U  Loving,  Lucaa  P.,  Waahington,  D.  C. 

1922  Lovina,  William  T.,  Renova,  W.  Va. 

1922  Lovrien,  Frank  S.,  Humboldt,  Iowa. 

1918  Low,  Walter  CurroU,  New  York,  M.  Y. 
1895  Lowden.  Frank  O..  Oregon,  BL 

1916  Lowe,  John  Z.,  Jr.,  New  Yorii«  M.  Y. 

1921  Lowe,  Roy  &,  Paola,  Kana. 
1911  Lowell,  Jaroea  A.,  Boston,  Maaa. 
1904  Lowell,  John,  Boaton,  Maaa. 

1920  Lowenhaupt,  Abraham,  St  Louia,  Mo. 

1919  Lowenthal,  Frederick.  Chicago,  BL 

1922  Lowery,  John  M.,  Chicago,  Bl. 

1921  Lowea,  Francia  M.,  Chicago,  BL 
1921  Lowea,  George  M.  B.,  Chicago,  Bl. 
1921  Lowey,  Alfred  R.,  Oaaper,  Wyo. 
1921  Lewn,  Frank  B.,  Poughkeepaie,  N.  Y. 

1921  Lowney,  John  B.,  New  Bedford,  Maaa. 

1922  Lowrano^,  W.  B.,  Topeka,   Kana. 

1920  Lowrey,  Fred  V.,  DaBaa,  T^ 

1917  Lowiy,  Landon,  Bedford,  Va. 


810 


AMBRICAK   BAB  ASSOCIATION 


L 


1914  Lowther,  WUliao  Btrle,  New  York. 
N.  Y. 

1911  Loytll,  W.  H.  T..  Noifolk,  V«. 

1914  LoEler,  Ralph  P..  Carroll  ton,  Mo. 
1916  Lubke,  George  W.,  Jr.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1921  Lubj,  Oswald  D.,  Chicago,  111. 

1915  Lucas.  John  H.,  Kansas  City,  MOb 

1922  Lucas,  Ralph  D.,  Chicago,  111. 

1912  Lucas,  Thomas  Edward,  Tampa,  Fla. 

1912  Lucas,  William  J.,  East  Las  Vegas,  N.  M. 
1922  Luccock,  Eugene  C,  SeAttle,  Wash. 
1922  Luce,   Edgar  A.,  San  Diego,  Oil. 

1921  Luce,  Robert,  Boston,  Mass. 

1922  Lucey,  Edmund  T.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
1914  Lucey,  Patrick  J.,  Chicago,  III. 
1918  Luck.  Harry  A.,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
1918  Lucker,  Harry  A.,  Tientsin,  China. 

1918  Luckey,  David  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1920  Lucking,  Alfred,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1916  Lucking.  William,  Detroit,  Mich. 
1922  Ludington,  R.  S:,  Wenatdiee.  Wash. 

1913  Ludlow.  Benjamin  H.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
192D  Ludvigh,  Elek  John,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1922  Ludwig,  L.  B.,  Lima,  Ohio. 

1920  Ludwig,    Oswald    Cross,    Jr.,    Phoenix. 

Ari£. 

1906  Lneck,  Martin  L.,  Juneau,  Wis. 

1908  Lueders.  Henry  W.,  Tacoma,  Wash. 

1922  Luethge,  George  M.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

1921  Luhman,  R.  F.,  Yakima,  Wadi. 

1920  Luick,   Ida   E.,   Milwaukee,   Wis. 
1911  Luke,  Roecoe,  Thomasville,  Oa. 

1914  Lum,  Burt  F..  San  Francisco,  Ckl. 

1917  Lumpkin,  Alva  Moore,  Columbia.  8.  C. 

1921  Lumpkin,  E.  K.,  Athens,  Ga. 

1919  Lampkin,  M.  C.,*  Columbia,  S.  C 

1920  Lund,  Frank  J.,  Webster  City,  Iowa. 

1922  Lund,  R.  H.,  Tacoma,  Wash. 
1922  Lundin,  Alfred  H.,  Seattle,  Wash. 

1920  Lundy,   E.   J.,   Tulsa,   Okla. 

1922  Lundy,  Edward  H.,  Eldora,  Iowa. 

1921  Lunsford,  C.  M.,  Flncastle,  Va. 

1922  Lunsford,   B.   F.,  Reno.  Nev. 
1921  Lunsford.  Todd,  Chicago,  111. 

1896  Lunt.  Horace  G.,  Colorado  Springs.  Colo. 

1921  Lurle,  Harry  J.,  Chicago,  111. 

1922  lurie,  Herman  I.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1920  Lurton.   Kelson  E.,  Shanghai,  China. 

1921  Lusk,   Charles  W.,   Chattanooga,   Tenn. 

1922  Lust,  H.  C.  Chicago,  III. 
1921  Luster,  Ma:r,  Chicago,  HI. 

1916  Lutkin.    Harris  Carman,   Chicago.   111. 

1913  Lutz,  Henry  E.,  Denver,  Colo. 

1913  Lybrand.    Walter  A.,   Oklahoma   City, 
Okla. 

1918  Lyders.  E.,  San  Francisco,  CaL 
1920  Lydick.  J.  D..  Shawnee,  Okhi. 
19n  I^eU,  O.  Oarland.  Jadcaon.  Misi. 


1907  Lyford,  Will  H.,  Chicago,  HL 

1920  Lyie,  John  H.,  Chicago.  HI. 

1921  Lyman,   Edward  D.,   Lot  Angelea,   Oal. 
1906  Lyman,  Richard  E.,  Providence,  R.  I. 
1914  Lymer,  William  B.,  Honolulu.  Hawaii. 
1912  Lynch.  Bernard  E.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 
1914  Lynch,  Charles  W.,  Clarksburg,  W.  Va. 
1921  Lynch,  Fred  A.,  Guernsey,  Wyo. 

1921  Lynch,  George  B.,  Adair,  Iowa. 

1919  Lynch,  James  M..  Florence.  8.  C 

1920  Lynch,  James  M..  Waterfoury.  Cobb. 

1921  Lynch.  John  D.,  Sioux  Falls,  8.  D. 

1922  Lynch,  Thomas  B.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
1922  Lynch,  Vernon  W.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 
1919  Lynde,  A.  Selwyn.  Boston,  Mass. 

1912  Lynde.  Cornel iua,  Chicago,  HI. 

1921  Lyne,  Daniel  J.,  Boston,  Maaa. 

1911  Lynn,  John  D.,  Rochester,  N.  T. 

1912  Lynn.  Roscoe  R.,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

1922  Lynn,   Ross  W..  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1922  I^ynn,  Rpy  A.,  Los  Angeles,  OtL 

1916  Lyon,  A.  Stanford,  Ranaas  City,  Mtt. 
1897  Lyon,  Adrian,  Perth  Amboy.  N.  J. 
1912  Lyon,  Arthur  C,  Grinnell,  lowm. 

1917  Lyon,  C.  C.  Elizabethtown,  N.  C. 
1922  Lyon,  Frederi<*k  8.,  Los  Angeles,  Oal. 

1912  Lyon.  Jay  F.,  Blkbom,  Wis. 
1904  Lyon,  Montague,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
1921  Lyon,  R.  B.  H.,  Washington.  D.  G. 
1914  Lyon,  Simon.  Washington.  D.  C 

1917  Lyon,  W.  H.,  Jr.,  Smithfleld,  N.  C. 
1903  Lyon,  Walter,  Pittsburgh.   Pa. 

1921  Lyon.  William  H.,  Sioux  Falls,  8.  D. 
1916  Lyons.  D.  F.,  St.   Paul,  Minn. 

1922  Lyons,  J.  E.,  Ssn  Francisco,  Oal. 

1913  Lyons,  John  D.,  Monticello,  N.  Y. 

1913  Lyons.  William.  Weatbrook,  Maine. 
1916  Lyons,  William  P.,  Baltimore.  Md. 
1906  Lyster.  Henry  L.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
1922  Lortle,  Robert  D.,  Vale,  Ore. 

1921  Lyttle,   John  L.,  New  York.  N.   T. 
1916  McAdams.  E.  G.,  Oklahoma  City.  Okla. 

1914  McAdams,  Francis  M.,  Philadelphia.  Pa 

1922  McAdoo.  Alfred  H.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
1914  McAdoo,  William,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  McAdoo,  William  G..  New  Yolt,  N.  Y. 
1913  McAli^ter.  W.  K..  Nashville.  Tyrni. 
1913  McAllister,  Frank  W.,  Kansas  Olty,  Mo. 
1901  McAllister,  Henry.  Jr.,  Denver.  Colo. 

1913  McAllister,  William  M.,  Warm  8prii 

Va. 

1914  McAnany,  Edwin  S..  Kansas  City. 
1911  McAnamey,  John  W.,  Boston.  Mstt. 
1914  McArthur,   Frank  D..  Birmingham,   Alft. 

1921  McAulay,  George  F.,  Yak)roa,  Wash. 

1922  McAulifTe,   Florence  M.,  San  Francisco. 

oa. 

1918  UeAytj,  John  V..  New  York,  9.  Y. 


ALPHABBTIOAL  LIST  OF   HBMBBB8. 


811 


1914  McAroj,  Malcolm,  Cincimuiti,  Ohio. 
1928  UcAroj,  Prefton  T.,  New  Outle,  Wjo. 
19U  lIcBaine,  J.  P.,  Columbia,  Mo. 

1922  McBean,  Alan  J.,  Omalia,  N«b. 

1920  McBcath,  J.  M.,  MeridUn,  Miaa. 
1922  McBee,  B.  a.  Greenwood,  Miaa. 

1921  McBride,  Claude  B.,  JelfenonTille,  lod. 
1916  McBride,  CUrtia  B.,  MaiMlleld,  Ohio. 

1920  McBride.-  Milford  L.,  Qrore  City,  Pa. 
1912  McBride,  Bobert  W.,  Indiaaapolia,  liid. 

1915  McBrooro,  Balph,  A.,  Bait  Uke  City, 

Utoh. 

1921  McBuskey,  Emery  A.,  Canton,  Ohio. 
1914  McCabe,  Ambroae  P.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1922  McOabe,    Charlea    Alexander.    Pomeioy, 

Waafa. 

1920  McCabe,  Charlea  M.,  Crawfordpvflle.  Ind. 

1920  McCadden.  J.  E.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 
1922  McCafffcy,  Eugene,  Ohicago,  111. 

190S  McCalTrey,  Joaeph  J.,  Proridence,  B.  L 

1922  McOaleb,  John  B.,  Batcsvllle,  Ark. 

1919  McCall.  John  D.,  Beaumont,  Texaa. 

1921  McCtll,  L.  D.,  Dubois,  Pemi. 

1921  McCall,  M.  Pearl,  Waahington,  D.   O 

1918  McCall,  Thomas,  Chicago,  111. 

1921  McCalliater,  Edgar  W.,  Pittdnirg,  Peon. 

1918  McCallum,  J.  D.,  Davenport,  Wash. 

1918  McCallum,  Wm.  Shaw,  Boston,  Mass. 
1921  McOslly,  Jay  Clifford,  Chicago,  III. 

1911  McCalmont,     Edward    S..    Washington, 

D.  C. 

1021  McOslmont,  John  E.,  Pittsburgh,  Penn. 

1921  McCalmont,    Samuel   M.,    Morrison,   111. 

1912  McCsmant,   Wallace,    Portland,  Oregon. 
1911  McCamic,  Charlea,  Wheeling,  W.  Va. 

1922  McCandleas,    Charles    W.,    New    York. 

N.   Y. 

1921  McCandleas,   John,   Sheldon,   Iowa. 

1921  McOandless,   Lewis  W.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1914  McCann,  Benjamin  P.,  Dayton,  Ohio. 

1919  McCann,  Le  Boy,  Colfax,  Wash. 

1919  McCanna,  Francia  1.,   Proridence,   R.   I. 
1918  McCam.  Jeff,  Nsshville,  Tenn. 

1920  McOsrran.   Patrick  A.,  Reno,  Nevada. 

1922  McCarroll,  Joe,  Hopkinsrllle,  Ky. 

1922  McCarter,  George  W.  C,  Newark,  N.  J. 

1898  McCarter,  Robert  H..  Newark,  N.  J. 

1918  McCarter,  Thomaa  N.,  Newark,   N.  J. 

1921  McCarthy,  Charles  E.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1915  McOsrihy,  Charles  B.,  Troy,  N.  Y. 
1918  McCarthy,  Charles  P.,  Boise,  Idaho. 

1922  McCarthy,  Daniel  L.,  Bethlehem,  Pa. 
1922  McCarthy,  Frederic  D.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
1918  McCarthy.  Frederick  M.,  Ansonia.  Conuu 
1918  McCarthy,  Henry  A.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
1020  McCarthy.  John  P.,  Glen  Cove.  N.  Y. 

1916  McCarthy,  John  B.,  St.  Louia,  Mo. 
1981  McCarthy.  Joseph.   Spokane,  Wash. 


1914  MoOsrthy,  Joasph  A..  Tnf,  N.  T. 

1922  McOsrthy.   Loyal   B.,   Portland,   Ore. 

1908  McCtetby,  M.   B.,  Toledo,  Ohio. 

1980  McCarthy,  NeU  8.,  Loa  Angelca,  OU. 
1081  McOtrtaey,  Owen  O.,  Hamilton,  BL 
1918  Mccarty,  C.  A..  Honesdale,  Pa. 

1918  McOarty,  Dwi^ht  G.,  BoMnetabarg,  lows. 
1921  McCsah,  Boell,  Bloomfleld,  Iowa. 

1921  McOaaklll,  O.  L.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

1922  McCauffhan,    George    E.,    Long    Beach, 

Oal. 

1981  McCaughey,  H.  M.,  Philadelphia,  Penn. 
1922  McOaugfaey,  J.  W.,  San  Fraadaoo,  Cal. 

1917  McCauley.  O.  W.,  Moorefleld,  W.  Va. 

1919  McGsolay.  Bobert  H.,  Hagcntown,  Md. 
1922  McOay,  a  H.,  Salem,  &  D. 

1911  McCheaney.  a  P.,  St.  Louia,  Mo. 

1922  McClahi,  Elmer,  Lima.  Ohio. 

1916  MoClammy*  Herbert,  Wilmington,  N.  a 

1922  McdaaahaB,  Bdmond  B.,  San  Frandsoo, 

OiL 

1916  MeClarin,  Wm.  H.,  Tulaa,  Okla. 

1922  McGhvke,  Beed,  San  Waaeiaoo,  OaL 

1918  Mcaau^herty,  Bernard,  BhMiald, 

W.  Va. 

1918  McClave,  Roy  Lewia,  SteiibenTllla,  Ohio. 

1911  McClay,  Samuel,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

1914  McClear,     Jamsa    L^     Oocor    d'Alcne, 

Idaho. 

1914  McClcaiy.  Clayton  A.,  Columhua,  Ohio. 

1918  McClellan,  Thomas  C,  Montgomery,  Ala. 

1980  McClelland,  Bruce,  Jr..  Oklahoma  City, 

OkU. 

1922  Mcddland,  Robert  W.,  Seattle,  Wadi. 

1918  McCknachan,  Wm.  B.,  Jr.,  Chester.  Pa. 

1914  McClenahan.   Daniel  H.,  Uncoln.   Nehr. 

1908  Mcaenahan,  William  B.,  Brainenl,  Minn. 

1906  MeClendon,  James  W.,  Austin,  Texaa. 

1911  McClennen,  Edward  P.,  Boston,  Maas. 

1921  McOlintock,     Edward    A..    Springfield. 


1909  McClintoek,  William  &,  Kauas  City,  Mo. 

1922  Mcdoskey,  John  J.,  New  Orleans,  U. 

1890  McOlosky,  Bernard.  New  Orleana,  La 

1921  McOloaky,  Paul,  Eaat  Chicago,  Ind. 

1922  McCloy,  Joaeph  F.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  McCluggage,  B.  T.,  Eldorado,  Kan. 

1921  McClung,   Magee,   Fayetterille,   W.   Va. 
1886  Mcaonr,  William  H.,  Pittaburgh,  Pa. 
1906  Mcnure,  Henry  F.,  Seattle,  Wash. 
1918  McClure,  James  W..  Nashrille,  Tenn. 

1917  McChire,  N.  H.,  Medina,  Ohio. 
190B  McOure,  Walter  A.,  Seattle,  Waah. 
1908  McClure.  William  B.,  SeatUe,  Waah. 

1922  MeCoin,  Rufua  Sidney,  Bendctson,  N.  C 

1918  McOoIl,  Clark  A.,  Westboro,  Mo. 
1922  McOollester,  Parker,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1918  McOoUiB,  Edward  G.,  Phihidalphla.  Pa. 


812 


AMERICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


■IJXTSO 


in7  McCoIloiigh,  Albcort  W.,  Lanunle,  W^. 

1918  McCoUun,  James  H.,  Hope,  Ark. 

1918  McCoUum,  Okw  C,  JacktooviUc,  Wit. 

1921  McOoUum,  Sam,  Bradr.  Te9ca& 

1922  McOomiflh,  Ralph  C,  San  Joie,  Od. 
1922  McOonley,  Qeorgc  B.,  Jr.»  Sterling,  Colo. 
1922  MoOonlocue,  B.  B.,  Dca  Moinei,  Iowa. 

1914  McConnauffhey,  W.  8.,  Dayton,  Ohio. 

1915  McConncll,  Qeorge  A.,  Uttla  Rock,  Ark. 
1907  IfcConnell,  Jamea  B.,  Boston,  Maa. 
1912  McConnell,  John  E.,  La  Crcmt,  Wii. 

1921  McConnell,  Robert  11,  Knoxrille,  Tenn. 
1990  McConnell,  T.  Q.,  Knoxville,  Tenn. 

1922  MeOonndoug,  John  W.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
1918  McCook,  Anaon  T.,  Harford,  Conn. 

1907  MeCook.  Philip  Jamea.  New  York.  N.  T. 

1908  McOord,  B.  8.,  Seattle,  Wash. 
1899  McCordie,  Alfred  £.,  Chicago,  lU. 
1921  McOorkle,  Charlea  A.,  Wichito,  Kan. 
1918  MeCorkle,  James  Thomas,  Pueblo,  Colo. 
1918  MeCorkle,  John  H.,  San  Diego,  CaL 
1918  MeCorkle,  Walter  L.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1921  McOormlck,  Cutler  O.,  Chatham,  Va. 

1920  McCormick,    Qrover,    Memphis,    Terni. 

1921  McCormick,  Howard  H.,  Chicago,  111. 

1909  McCormick,  Jos.  Manson,  Dallas,  Texas. 
1918  McCormick,  RIchsrd  J.,  Harerhill,  Mass. 
1908  McCormick,  Robert  H.,  Chicsgb,  111. 
1921  McCormick,  Robert  R.,  Chicago,  III. 

1921  McConnick,  Ross,  WichiU,  Kan. 

1918  McCormick,  Bsnrael  B.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

1916  McCormick,  Seth  T.,  Jr.,  WiUiamsport, 

Pa. 

1922  McCormick,  W.  L.,  Taooma,  Wash. 
1911  McCouch,  H.  Ctordon,  Philadelphia,  Ps. 

1918  McCourt,  John,  Portlsnd.  Oregon. 
1922  McOowan,  Barclay,  Bakersfleld,  Osl. 
1922  McCowen,  Hsle,  Jr.,  Ukiah,  Oal. 
1922  McCoy,  A.  M.,  Bed  Bluff,  Oal. 

1917  McCoy,   Charles   Arthur,   Lake  Charles, 

La. 

1914  McCoy,  E.  H.,  Waterloo,  Iowa. 

1914  McCoy,  James  H.,  Huron,  8.  D. 

1922  McCoy,  John  N.,  Oskaloosa,  Iowa. 

1889  McCrary,  A.  J.,  Binghamton,  N.  T. 

1911  McCrea,  Wm.  M.,  Salt  Uke  City,  UUh. 

1917  McCreeiy.  Donald  C,  Oreeley,  Colo. 
1901  McCreery,  James  W.,  Greeley,  Colo. 
1914  McCreight,  Smith  M.,  Reynoldsrille,  Pa. 

1919  McCrory,  C.   B.,  Okmulgee,  Okla. 
1907  McCroskey,  R.  L.,  Colfax,  Wash. 

1918  McCrossIn,   William  P.,   Birmingham, 

Ala. 

1921  McCue,  John  C,  Portland.  Oreg. 

1919  McCue,  T.   F.,  Orest  FsUs,  Mont. 

1922  McCuing,  Mike,  Stuttgart,  Ark. 
1916  McCbllen,  Edward  J.,  St  Louia,  Mo. 
1914  McCuHen,  Josepl^  P.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


1921 

1920 
1911 
1914 
1921 
1918 


1981 
1918 

1918 
1922 
1914 
1917 
1916 
1914 
1921 
1914 
1896 
1916 
1921 
1922 
1821 
1920 

1922 
1912 
1921 


1919 
1921 

1919 
1917 

1914 

1908 
1917 
1922 
1918 
1909 
1921 
1916 
1921 
1921 
1917 
1907 
1921 

1922 
1921 
1906 
1921 


McCullodi,  Alezahder,  Ssn  rranciaco, 

cai. 

McOiUoch,  Catharine  Waugh,   Chicago. 

HI. 
McCulloch,  William  C,  Portland,  On, 
MeCulIoh,  Allan,  New  York,  N.  T. 
McCoUoogh,  Henry  M.,  Elkton,  Md. 
McCuIliNigb,  Tom  L.,  Dallaa,  Texas. 
McCune,  Heniy  L.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
McCutcfaen,  C.  M..  Denver.  Colo. 
McOutchen,  Dan,  Belle  Foursdie,  8.  D. 
McCotchen,  Edward  J.,  San  Franciaoo, 

Oal. 
McCutcheon,  Otto  E.,  Idaho  Falls,  Idaho. 
McDaniel,  Eugene  P.,  Maryville,  CaL 
McDaniel,   Henry,  Demopolis,  Ala. 
MeDfmiel,  Lawrence,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
McDaniel,  Sanders,  Atlanta,  Oa. 
McDavid,  Frank  M.,  SpringHeM,  Mo. 
McDermott,  C.  H.,  Chicago,  HL 
McDermott,  O.  J.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
McDermott,  Edward  J.,  Louisrille,  Ky. 
McDermott,  Edward  P.,  Kearney,  Ncbr. 
McDermott,   Fnnk  T..  Chicago.  HI. 
McDermott,  George  T.,  Topeka,  Kanaas. 
McDermott,  Joseph,  Freehold,  N.  J. 
McDermott,     Malcolm     M.,     KnoxrUle. 

Tenn. 
McDermott,  T.  G.,  Mason  City,  Iowa. 
McDevItt,  John  J.,  Jr..  PhiUdelphia,  Pa. 
McDiarmid,    C.   J.,   Cincinnati,   Ohio. 
MeDiU,  George  W.,  Los  Angeles,  CaL 
McDonald,  A.  A.,  Hugo,  Okla. 
McDonald,      Angus     W.,      Charlestosi, 

W,  Va. 
MeDonald,  Charlea  A.,  Chicago,  IB. 
McDonald.    Charles   C,    Widiita    ralla. 

Texas. 
McDonald,    Charles    H.,    Washington, 

D.  C. 
McDonsld,  Edward  L.,  Lexington,  Kjr. 
McDonsld.  G.  M.,  Reynoldsvllle,  Ps. 
McDonald,  Grace,  New  Castle,  Wyo. 
McDonald.  J.  B.,  Winnsboro.  8.  C. 
McDonsld.   Jesse,    St.    Louis,   Mo. 
McDonald,  John  J.,  Oakland,  CaL 
McDonald,  John  S.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 
McDonald,  Kinnie  C,  New  York,  N.  T. 
McDonald,  N.  P.,  Kearney,  Neb. 
McDonald,  Prather  &.  New  York.  N.  T. 
McDonald,  Will  T.,  Mfemphia,  Tenn. 
McDonald,     William    Perqr,     Memphis, 

Tenn. 
McDonnell,  Charles  M.,  Ottumws,  Iowa. 
McDonnell,  Frank  A.,  Chicago,  HI. 
McDonnell,  T.  F.  L,  Providence,  R.   I. 
McDonneU,    William    A.,    Uttla    Bock. 

Ark. 


AliFHABBTICAL  U8T   OF  HBMBBB8. 


813 


1911  MdDoDougli,  Chartot  A.,  Boston.  lUm. 

1981  McOonouirh.  OhArlet  A.,  Manila,  P.  I. 
1907  McDonough.  Frank,  Sr.,  Denver,  Colo. 
1808  McDonouffh,  James  R,  Pert  Smith,  Ark. 

1921  IfcOonough,  John  F.,  Waterbaiy,  Oomi. 
1911  HcDougal,  D.  A.,  Sapulpa,  Okla. 

1922  McDoiical,  Frank  J.,  San  Franciaco,  Oal. 
1921  McDougalU  baac,  PocateUo,  Ida. 

1921  IfcDoosall,  laaac  X.,  PocateUo,  Ida. 

1911  McDougle,   Walter  B.,   Parkembarg, 

W.  Va. 

1922  McDowall.  Jamea  K.,  Seattle.  Waah. 
1914  McDowell,  Charlea  S.,  Jr.,  Bnfaala,  Ala. 
1922  McDowell,  Herbert,  FreoK),  Oal. 

1912  McDowell,  Jamea  R.,  Memphii,  Tenn. 
1922  McDowell,  R.   A.,  LovlevUle,  Ky. 
1922  McEachen,  John  C,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1907  McElheny,    Victor   K.,   Jr.,   New   York, 

N.  T. 

1919  McElrqjr,    Bernard    W.,    WaahJagton', 

D.  C. 

1921  McElioy,  Oharlea  F.,  Ohicaco,  111. 

1918  McBnemey,  Ganret  W.,  San  Franciaco, 

CaL 

1921  McErera,  John  H.,  Wallace,  Idaho. 

1921  McEtoj,    Frank   P.,    Waterbory,   Oonn. 

1917  MoBwan,  GeorBe  J..  West  Hoboken, 

N.  J. 

1908  McEwen,   Willard   M.,   Chicago.   HI. 

1920  McFadden,  Clarence  J.,  Ely,  Nevada. 

1919  McFadden.  S.  E.,  Cheater,  8.  C. 

1922  McFadsean,   Daniel.   Vinlia.  Oil. 
I(r20  McFarUnd,  Batea  H.,  St.  Louto,  Mo. 

1918  McFarland,  Ben  HoUiday.  Aberdeen, 

MiM. 

1922  McFarland,  C.   L.,  Riverside,  Oal. 

1921  McFarland,  Jamea  G.,  Watertown,  9.  D. 

1919  McFartond,  W.  B.,  Ooeur  d'Alene,  Idaho. 

1919  McPeeters,  William  R.,  St.   Albans,  Vt 
1921  McFerren,  Rube,  Webster  City,  lowo. 

1921  McOalloway,    John    P.,    Fond    du    Lac, 

Wis. 

1922  McOar^,  Franda  D.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1921  McOarry,  Eogcne  L.,  Chicago,  III. 
1918  McOany,  M.  J.,  Loa  Angeln.  Cal. 
1921  McOarry,  Paul  D.,  Jackaonville,-  Fla. 
1906  McOarry,  Thomaa  P.,  Jackaonville,  Fla. 
1921  MeOaughciy,  John  E.,  Lawrenoevllle,  111. 

1920  McOeachy.  R.  A.,  Milton,  Ha. 

1921  McOee,  Clinton,  Pontlac,  Mich. 
1911  McOee,  Oeorge  A.,  Minot,  N.  D. 
1906  McOee,  J.  P..  Minneapolia,  Minn. 

1922  McOee,  William  O.,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 

1982  McOehee,  Lndua  P..  Chapel  HUl,  N.  C. 

1920  McOeheev  M.  B.,  Memphia,  Tenn. 
1911  McOeoch^  Arthur  N..  West  Allia,  Wla. 

1921  McOill.  George,  WichiU,  San. 
1980  McOill,  J.  T.,  Bentonville,  Ark. 


1921  McOill,  Joseph  Tymm,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

1916  McOill,  Lconidaa  H.,  Bentonville.   Ark. 

1913  McOilton,  B.  O.,  Omaha,  Nebr. 

1920  McOUvary,  J.  B.,  Kansaa  aty,  Mo. 

1921  McGinn,  Frank  P.,  Chicago,  III. 

1921  McOinnis,  B^nard  B.,  Pittaburg;  Penn. 

1918  McOiiT,  Frank  C,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

1921  McOlue,  O.  Percy,  Waahlngton,  D.  OL 
1906  McOoorty,  John  P.,  Chicago,  III. 

1012  McOovera,  Franda  E.,  Milwaukee.  Wia. 

1918  McOovem,  James  P.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

1922  McOovem,  John  T.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1928  McOowan,    Oeorge    A.,    San    Franciaeo, 

OaL 

1019  McOowen,  J.  0.,  Water-Valley^* Miaa. 

1922  McQrann,  WiUiam  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y, 

1913  McOrath,  John  B.,  Houtxdale,.Pa. 

1913  McOrath,  John  P.,  |Waterbury,  Oonn. 

1919  McOrath,  John  P.,  Vorcester,  Maas. 
1918  McOrath,  John  M..  Princeton,  W.  Va. 
1021  McOraw,  J.  A.,  Tryon,  Neb. 

1916  McGregor,  Thomas  B.,  Frankfort,  Ky. 
1922  McOuire,  Edward  J..  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1909  McOuire,  Frank  L.,  .New  London,  Conn. 

1914  McOuire,  Murray  M.,  .Richmond, ^a.. 

1921  McOuire,  T.  J.,  Omaha,  Neb. 

1922  McGurrin,  Edward,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

1920  McHale,  Frank  M.,  Logansport,  Ind. 

1912  McHancy.  Edgar  L.,  Little  Rock.  Ark. 
1914  McHarg.  Onnaby,  Jamestown.  N.  D. 

1913  McHarg,  T.  A,  Boulder,  Colo. 

1918  McHendrie,  A.  Watson,  Trinidad,  Colo. 

1921  McHenry,  Otrl  H,,  Monroe,  La. 

1920  McHenry,  W.  H.,  Des  Moines.  Iowa. 

1908  McHugh,  Charlea  A.,  Richmond,  Va. 

1909  McHugh,  Philip  A..  Detroit.  Mich. 

1921  McHugh,  R.  B.,  Philipsburg.  Mont. 
1897  McHugh.  William  D.,  Chicago,  HI. 
1908  McHvaine.  Tbmpkina,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1914  McIIwaine,  William  B..  Petersburg.  Va. 

1921  Mclnemey,  John  L.,  Chicago,  IlL 

1922  Mclnemey,  Joieph,  San  IF^ranciaco,  Oil. 

1919  Mclnemey.  Joaeph  A..  Chicago.  III. 
1922  Mclnnes,  Francia  C,   Fairfield.  Oal. 
1922  Mclnnea.  Hamilton,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Mclnnia,  B.  E.,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 
1922  Mclntire,  Charles  H.,  Lowell.  Masa. 

1919  Mclntire,  Frederic  May.  Boston.  Msssi 

1921  Mclntire,  Issac  N.,  Sheldon,  Iowa. 

1922  Mclntoah,  0.  H.,  Reno,  Nev. 
1922  Mclntoah,  D.  A.,  Collins,  Miia. 
1900  Mcintosh.  James  H.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1921  Mcintosh,  Kate  H.   Pier,  Fond  du  Lae, 

Wis. 

1921  Mclntoah,  Mllea  W,,  Ban  Prandseo,  Okl. 

1913  Mclntyre,  R.  A..  Warrenton.  Vs. 

1917  Mclntyn,.  Stephen,  Lnmberton,  N.  a 
1913  Mcltttyn^  W.vA.,  Grand  Porka,-i'N«  D. . 


814 


AMEBICAN   BAB  AfiSOOUTION. 


ino 

lOlS 
1017 
1918 
1917 
1920 
1912 
1920 
1918 
1922 
1921 
1918 
1921 
1921 
1918 
1914 
1911 
1921 
1919 
1922 
1921 
1911 
1914 
1912 

1921 
1922 
1913 
1921 
1918 
1911 
1899 

1911 
1922 
1906 
1918 


1912 
1918 


1918 
1921 
1918 
1921 
1920 
1916 
1921 
1921 
1914 
1982 
1980 
1920 
1897 

1918 


McKaig;  Bdgv  &,  PUladelphiiu  Pa. 
McKaia,  W.  C,  Toungatown,  Ohio. 
McKannaj,  Harry  O.,  8aa  Pranclaco,  Cal. 
McKay.  Clinton  B.,  Memi^ia,  Tenn. 
McKay,  Douglaa,  Columbua.  8.  C 
McKay,  H.  0.,  Sharon,  Pa. 
McKay,  John  D..  Detroit,  Mich. 
McKay,  Kenneth  I.,  Tampa,   Fla. 
McKean,  WUUam,  Taoa,  N.  M. 
McKee,  David  A.,  Wheeling.  W.  Va. 
McKee,  Denpater,  San  Diego,  Oal. 
McKee,  John  A.,  Chicago,  111. 
McKee,  Lanier,  New  York,  N.  T. 
McKee,  Rowland  H.,  Dayton,  Ohio. 
McKee,  Wood,  Peterson,  N.  J. 
McKeehan,  Charlea  L.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
McKeehan,  H.  H.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
McKeehan,  ^^ph  P.,  Carllale.  Pa. 
McKeel,  J.  r..  Ada.  Okla. 
McKeever,  Buell.  Chicago,  111. 
McKeerer,    Rdwin   D.,   Topeka,    Rancas. 
McKeerer,  H.  O.,  Enid,  Okla. 
McKelrey,  Oharlea  W.,  Orange,  N.  J. 
McKelvey,  John  Jay,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
IfcKeWey,  Lawrence  B..  Saratoga 

Springs.  N.  Y. 
McKenna,  Charles  P.,  Pittsburgh,  Penn. 
McKeona,   George  M..   Napoleon,   N.   D. 
McKenna.  George  R..  Westerly,  .R.  I. 
McKenna,  Maurice,  Fondulac,  Wis. 
McKenna,  Royal  T..  Waahington,  D.  G. 
McKenna,  Thomas  P.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
McKenney.    Frederic    D.,   Washington, 

D.  C. 
McKenaie,  H.  B..  Preaoott,  Alt. 
McKenaie,  Harry  A.,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 
McKende,  John,  Great  P^lla,  Mont. 
McKenaie,  William  D.,  Chicago,  111. 
McKeon,  Joseph  B.,  Ban  Frandsoo,  Oil. 
McRcown,  John  A.,  Chicago,  111. 
McKeown,  Tom  D.,  Ada,  Okla. 
MeKereher,  Clark,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
McKeritt,  Hugh  K.,  Ban  Francisco.  Oil 
McKibbin,  George  B.,  Chicago,  I1L 
McKillip.  H.  A..  Bloomsburg,  Pa. 
McKinlay,   Donald  S.,  Chicago,  111. 
McKinlay,  John  P.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
McKinley»  Archibald  A.,  Chicago,  111. 
McKinley,  Harry  8.,   Pittsburgh,  Penn. 
McKinley,  J.  W.,  Jr.,  Loa  Angeles.  Ghl. 
McKinney.  Hayea,  Chicago,  HI. 
McKinney,   J.    Herbert,   Billinga,   Mont. 
McKinney,  W.  Hayea.  Detroit.  Mich. 
McKinney.  W.  L.,  Portland,  Tenn. 
McKinney,   William  M.,  San  Frandaoo. 

McKinatry,  J.  a,  San  Franeiaoo,  Cal. 
McKlddc,  B.  T.,  Sacramento,  Oil. 


ILBCTBD 

1914  McKnight,  A.  H.,  DaUte,  Them. 

1921  McKnight,  Louie  E.,  Enid,  Okla. 
1901  McKnight,  Bichard,  Chicago,  HI. 

1922  McKaii^t,  William,  Rom,  Merada. 
1921  McKone,  lliomas  C,  Hartford,  Com. 
1914  McLanahan,  J.  Cnig,  Baltimore,  Md. 
1914  McLane,  Allan,  Garrison,  Md. 
1919  McLane,  John  R.,  Manchester,  N.  H. 
1916  McLaren.  Robert  L.,  St  Loola,  Mo. 

1921  McI^ireB,  George  S.,  New  Haven,  Oobb. 

1922  McLaren,  William  O.,  Seattle,  Waah. 

1911  McLaughlin,  A  A..  Washington,  D.  C. 
1918  McLaughlin,  Charlea  E.,  Sacramento, 

Cal. 

1918  McLaughlin.  George  A.,  New  York.  N.  T. 
1921  McLaughlin,  John  A.,  Muakegon.  Mich. 

1921  McUuglilin,  W.  M.,  Dea  Moines,  Iowa. 
1914  McLean,  A.  W.,  Lumberton,  N.  a 

1919  McLean,   Dickson,  Lumberton,  N.  C 
1914  McLean.  George  P.,  Simaboiy.  Coaa. 

1912  Md^ean,  Hugh,  Denver,  Colo. 

1918  McLean,  J.  H..  Llano,  Texas. 
1914  McLellan.  Hugh  D.,  Boston.  Maaa. 

1919  Mcl^eod.   Arthur  A..  Madison,  Wla. 

1922  McMahon,  E.  F.,  Des  Moinea,  Iowa. 
1911  McMahon,  Fulton,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1809  McMshon.  J.  Sprigg,  Dayton,  Ohio. 

1921  McMahon,  Jamea  P.,  Faribault,  Mian. 
1914  McMahon,  John  A.,  Dayton,  Ohio. 
1911  McMahon,  John  D.,  Rome.  N.  Y. 
1918  McMahon,  Johnson  D.,  Rome,  N.  Y. 
1981  McMahon,   Joseph  M.,    Pittafleld,    Maai. 

1922  McMahon,  Omar  T.,  Milwaukee.  Wia. ' 

1916  McMahon.  Stephen  J..  Milwaukee,  Wia. 
1921  McMamis,  E.  W.,  Keokuk,  Iowa. 
1918  McMaaus,  M.  T..  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

1911  McManus,  Terence  J.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1914  McMaster.  John  8.,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 
1921  McMsth,  James  C,  Chicago,  111. 

1921  McMichael.    Charles    B..    Philadelphia. 
Penn. 

1922  McMicken,  Maurice  R.,  Seattle.  Waah. 
1906  McMicken,  Maurice.  Seattle.  Waah. 
1918  McMillan.  B.  F..  Mobile,  Ala. 

1920  McMillan.  Don^rald.  Arkadelphla.  Ark. 
1021  McMillan,  Ed.   Leigh.   Brewton,   Ala. 

1917  McMillan.  Hoyt,  Conway,  S.  C. 

1920  McMillan,  John  H.,  Arkadelphia.  Ark. 

1912  McMillan,  John  W.,  Milwaukee.  Wis. 
1908  McMillan.  Raymond  J..  Tscoma,  Wash. 

1918  McMlllen,  Alonao  B.,  Albuqoerqoe.  N.  M. 
1922  Mclfillen,  Clark  A.,  Decatur,  IlL 
1918  McMorrla.  T'.    H.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
1912  McMorrcagh,  G.  H.,  Lexington.  Miasi 
1916  McMuIlan,    Jamea,    PUladelphIa,   Pa. 
1918  McMullen,   Alonao  B.,  Tampa,    Florida. 

1921  McMullen,   Hugh  A,   Jr., 
Md. 


ALPHABETICAL  LIST  OF  MBMBBBS. 


815 


1921  IfcMunfai,  Bestir  If.,  Denver,  OoL 

ins  McMuIlin,  8.  O..  Grand  Junction,  Colo. 

1912  McMunly,  Robert,  Chiceffo,  111. 
ms  McMurrey,  Orrin  K.,  Berkeley,  Cal. 
19U  McMiuTty.   Will,   Uramie,  W70. 
1917  IfcUynn,  Robert  N..  Milwaukee.  Wig. 

1921  McNab,  Gavin,  San  Franciaco,  CaL 
1982  McNab,  John  L,  San  Franciaco,  Oil. 
1916  McNabb.   Diuine  T..  Chicago,  111. 

1913  McNahoe,  Jamea  F.,   New  York.   N.   T. 

1922  MoNAlly,  Oarlton  F.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
1922  McKally,  Matthew  B.,  Pittaburgh,  Sana. 
1912  McNamara.  D.  W.,  Montello.  Wit. 

1922  McKanura,  J.  M.,  Elko,  Nev. 

1922  McKamara,  Stuart,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  McNamara,  William  8.,  Chicago,  111. 

1922  McNamee,  F.  R.,  Laa  Vegaa.  Ner. 
1922  McKamee,  Leo  A.,  Laa  Vegaa,  Ner. 
1980  McNamee,  Tom  C,  Pierre,  S.  D. 

1915  McNary,  Charlet  L.,  Washington,  D.  a 
1908  McNary.  John  H.,  Salem,  Oregon. 

1916  MrNatt.  Carr,  Aurora.  Mo. 
1921  McNaughton,  Coll.  Joliet,  HI. 

1919  McNaughton.  Ray,  Miami,  Okla. 
1921  McNeal,  John  H.,  Cleveland.  Ohio. 
1921.  McNeer,  &  &,  Huntington,  W.  Va. 
1921  McNeca,  Sterling  O.,  Apollo,  Penn. 

1920  McNeff.  Jamea  H..  Gary,  Ind. 

1919  McNeill,  J.  P.,  Florence.  8.  C. 

1921  McNemar,  W.  V.,  Logan,  W.  Va. 

1915  McNemer.  Philip,  Little  Rock,   Ark. 

1921  McNiff,   Milea  F..   Waterbury,   Oonn. 

1922  McNitt.  RoUin  L.,  Loa  Angelea,  CaL 
1922  McNoble,  George  F.,  Stockton,  Cal. 

1916  McNulty,  Frank,  Aberdeen.  S.  D. 

1922  McNulty,  Frederick  W.,  San  Francisco, 

Cal. 

1806  MrNuIty.  William  D.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1922  McNutt,  Maxwell,  San  Frandaco,  Oal. 

1920  McNatt,  Paul  V.,  Bloomington,  Ind. 

1921  McOrmond,  Arthur  R.,  Anaoaia,  Qonn. 

1921  McPheeley,  J.  L.,  Mioden.  Mcb. 

1922  McPhenen,  Charlea  B.,  Dunht,   OkU. 
1922  McPherria,  Paul  H.,  Loa  Angelea,  Oal. 

1921  McPheraon,  Charlea,  Grand  Rapida,  Mich. 

1914  McPheraon,   Donald  P..  Qettyabiirg,   Pa. 
1911  McPheraon,   WUliam   L.,  Idabell,   Okla. 

1917  McPhillipa.  Jamea.  Glena  Falla,  N.  Y. 

1922  McPike,  H.  H.,  San  Franciaco,  Oal. 
1914  McQuilUn,  Eugene.  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
1921  McRae,   Duncan  L.,   ^reacott,   Ark. 
1921  McRae,  John  A.,  Charlotte,  N.  C. 
1911  McRm,  Thomas  C,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

1919  McRee,  J.  L.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

1920  McR^ynolda,  Allen,  Carthage,  Mo. 

1918  McR^ynoIds.  Frederick  W.,  Washington, 

D.  C. 


BLIBOTBD 

1906  McR«ynoIda.  Jamea  C.  (Nashville, 
Tenn.),  Wsafaington,  D.  C. 

1920  McRoberta,   R.  H.,  St   Louis,  Mo. 
1916  McRoberta.  W.  G..  Peoria,  111. 
1919  McShane,  James  C,  Chicago,  ni. 

1921  Mcfihane,   Jamea  E.,   Chicago,   III. 
1919  McSoley,  William  H.,  Providence,  R.  L 

1919  McBpadden.  G.  J.,  Memphia,  Tena. 
1906  McSurely,  WUliam  H..  Chicago,  lU. 

1921  McBween,  W.  D.,  Newport,  Tenn. 

1920  McTaggart,  David  L.,  Hint.  Mich. 
inO  McTeer,  Will  A.,  Maryville,  Tenn. 
1916  McTigue.  John  G..  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1920  McTuman,  Clair.  Indianapolia.  Ind. 

1922  McWhinney,  0.  C,  Long  Beach,  Oai: 

1916  McWhinney,  Leroy,  Denver,  Colo. 

1917  McWhorter,  J.  C,  Buckhannon.  W.  Ta. 
1922  McWIIliama,    H.    L.,    Spokane,    Wash. 
19IJ7  McWilliams,  Howard,   New  York.   N.  Y. 
1922  Mc  Will  lama,  Robert  L..  San  Franciaco, 

Oal. 

1911  Maaaa,  Herbert  H.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1912  Mabie,  Clarence,  Hackenaack.  N.  J. 

1921  Mabi7,  J.  0.,  Albia,  Iowa. 

1921  Macartney,  Grant  S.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
1914  Macauley.  C.  J..  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

1906  MacCheaney,   Nathan  William,  Chicago, 

ni. 

1917  MacCracken,   William   P..  Jr.,  Chicago, 

III 

1922  MacCrate,  John,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

1913  MacDade.  Albert  D.,  Chester.  Pa. 
1922  MacDonald,  A.  C,  Seattle,  Wa«h. 

1919  MacDonald,  Alexander,  Loa  Angelea,  Cal. 

1921  MacDonald,  Henry,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1918  MacDonald.    J.    Wiseman.   Loa   Angeles. 

Cal. 

1922  MacDonald,  John  K.,  Jr.,  Paducah.  Ky. 

1914  MacDonald.   Robert,  Cumberland.   Md. 
1916  MacDougald.  Daniel.  Atlanta.  Oa. 

1921  MacFarland,  John  C,  Loa  Angelea,  Oal. 
1914  MacFarland,   Leo,  Philadelphia.   Pa. 
1918  MacGregor,  John,  Jr.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1922  Machado,  John  H.,  Redwood  City,  Cal. 

1912  Macben.  Arthur  W.,  Jr..  Baltimore.  Md 

1913  MacRenry.  Charles  A.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1920  Maclnnta,  William  J.,  Gloucester.   Maas. 

1914  MacInt>Te.  Wm.  Irvin.  Thomaaville,  Ga 
1014  Mack.  Alfred,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1912  Mack.  Edwin  S..   Milwaukee.  Wia. 

1920  Mack,    Ira   J..   Newport,   Ark. 

1921  Mack,  John  B.,   Poughkeepaie,   N.  T. 
1896  Mack,  Julian  W.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1921  Mack,  Louie  W.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1906  Mack.  William,  Brooklyn.  N.  Y 

1916  Mackall,  Henry  C,  Minneapolia,  Minn. 

1806  Mackall,  William  W.,  Savannah,  Ga. 

1918  Maany,  Gaorge  C,  8L  Louia,  Mo. 


816 


AKESICAN   BAB  ASSOCUTIOK. 


BLMJTID 

1990    llftcKaj,   Henry   8qutrebrics8»   Jr.,   Lot 

Angeles,  Cal. 
ion.    Hackentepe,    Frederick   E.,    Oincinnati, 

Ohio. 

1921  MacKemde,  0.  H.,  Qaylord,  Minn. 

1911  Mackenzie.  Kenneth  K.,  New  York.  N.  T. 
1919    Mackenzie.  Ralph  P..  Lima.  Ohio. 

1917  MacKenzie,  Stuart.  Montgomerj,  Ala. 
1907  .Mackenzie,  Thomaa.  Baltimore,  Md. 
1906    Mackoj.  Harry  Brent  (Covington.  Kj,), 

Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1884    Mackoy,  wmUm  H.   (CoTington,  Ky.). 

Cincinnati.  Ohio. 
1909    MacUne,  John  F..  Salt  Uke  City.  Utah. 
19S2    Maclean,  Ralph,  Oedar  Rapida,  Iowa. 

1912  MacLeiah.  John  £.,  Chicago,  III. 

191S  MacLeod,  Arthur  Wm..  Washburn,  Wis. 

1919  MacLeod,  William,  Newport,  R.  I. 

1918  MacMahon.  Cecil  H.,  Newark,  N.  J. 

1922  MacMahon,  Thomas  F.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1919  MacMaster,  Edward  A.,  Bridgewater, 


1916  MacMillan.  Herbert  R.,  Salt  Uke  City. 
Utah. 

1919  Mac  Neil.  Sayre.  Los  Angeles.  Cal. 

1921  Macomber.  Charles  S.,  Idagrove,  Iowa. 

1922  Macomber,  Frank  J.,  San  Diego,  CaL 

1920  MacPeebles,  J.,   Nashrille,  Tenn. 
1806  MacPherson,  Ernest,  Louisville,  Ey. 
1914  Macrum.  W.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

1912  MacVeagh,  Charles,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1919  MacVeagh,    Rogers,    Portland,    Ore. 

1921  Madden,  Charles  A.,  Eeene,  N.  H. 
1921  Madden,  Daniel  L.,  Chicago.  III. 
1911  Madden,  Joseph,   Keene.  N.   H. 

1022  Madden,    Joseph    Warren,    Morgantown, 

W.  Va. 

ion  Madden,  R.  a,  MendoU,  HI. 

1914  Madden,  Terrence  J.,  Kansas  City.  Mo. 
1921  Msdden,   WillUm  F.,   Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1907  Msddin,  Percy  D.,  Nashville.  Tenn. 
1021  Maddock,  Thomas  H.,  Chicsgo,  111. 
1921  Msddox,   P.    W.,   Huntington.   Tenn. 

1921  Maddox,    Tom   8.,    Washington    O.    H., 

Ohio. 

1922  Maddux,  Parker  8..  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
1918  Madigan,   Thomaa  H.,  Jr.,    Manchester. 

N.  H. 

1918  Madison,  F.  D.,  Ssn  Frandsoo.  CaL 

1921  Madison,  W.  C,  Purcell.  Okla. 

1911  Magavem.  William  J..  Buffalo.  N.  Y. 

1912  Magaw,  Charles  A..  Omaha,  Neb. 

1922  Magee,  Arley  B.,  Dover,  DeL 

1921  Magee,   E.   DeLos,  Ssn  Frsncisco,   Oal. 
1912  Magee,  Henry  W..  Chicago,  111. 

1915  Maginnis,    Samuel    Abbott.    New    York, 

N.  Y. 

1922  if«g<«ni«,  Thomas  J.,  Ogden,  Utah. 


1919  Maguire,  John  O.,  Woburn,  Mas. 

1919  Maguire,  John  M.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1921  Maguire,  Philip  J.,  Chicago,  IlL 
1918  Mahan,  Bryan  F.,  New  London,  Coon. 
1904  Mahan,  George  A.,  Hannibal,  Mo. 
1918  Mahan,  Mary  Agnes,  Boston,  Mass. 

1922  Maher,  D.  F.,  Wataonville.  Oal. 

1912  Maher,  Edgar  A.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

1921  Msher.  Edward,  Chicago,  HI. 

1914  Msher.  John  F.,  Greenville,  Ohio. 
1921  Maher.  William  J.,  BUir,  Neb. 

1920  Mahon,  William  J.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1921  Maboney,  Cornelius  J.,  Lawrence,  Mass. 

1917  MahonQT,  Henry,  Milwaukee.  Wis. 

1918  Mahoney,  Jeremiah  P.,  Lawrence,  Mass. 

1910  Mahoney,  Joseph  P.,  Chicago,  HL 

1922  Mahoney,  T.  J.,  Boone.  Iowa. 

1911  Mahony,  Ourles  L.,  Chicago,  IlL 
1908  Main,  John  F.,  Olympia,  Wash. 

1921  Main.  Vemer  W.,  Battle  (Yeek,  Mich. 

1921  Maiulle,  Anthony,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1912  Makepeace,  Walter  D..  Waterbury.  Oonii. 

1922  Malarkey,  Dan  J.,  Portland,  Ore. 

1919  Malato,  Stephen  A.,  Chicago.  IIL 
1916  Malcolm,  George  A.,  Manila,  P.  L 

1915  Malcolm,  George  R.,  Pittsburg.  Ksna. 
1922  Malcolm,  Norman  E..  Palo  Alto,  QaL 
1918  Malevin^,  Moses  L..  New  York.  N.  T. 

1918  Malay,  B.  F.,  Okmulgee,  Okla. 

1920  Malin,  Frank  Collins,  Ashlsnd,  Ky. 

1921  Msllet-Prevost,  Severe.  New  York,  N.  T^ 
1921  Msllqr,  John  F.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1914  Ma  Hon,  Guy  W.,  Cindnnati.  Ohlot 

1921  Malloiy,  George  L..  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

1916  Mallory,  Hugh.  Selma.  Ala. 

1921  Mallott,  James  R.,  Globe,  Aris. 

1910  Malone,  Thomas  B..  Nashville,  Tiean. 

1919  Maloncy,  David  J..  Boston,  Maa. 
1916  Msloney,  John  M.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1912  Maloney,  William  P..  New  York,  K.T. 

1922  Maloy,  0.  B.,  Spokane,  Wash. 

1912  Maloy,  WillUm  Mflnes,  Bslttmoc*.  Md. 

1914  Msltbie.  Willism  H.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1916  Maltble,  William  M.,  Oartfovd,  Oobb. 

1911  Manahan,  James,  St.  Paul,  Mian. 
1914  Mandel,  David,  Jr.,  Philadelphia,  Pia. 
1922  Mandel,   Edward,   Fbrrest  Hflls^    N.    T. 
1921  Manderson,    Edward    W.,    New    Tnrk. 

N.  Y, 

1911  Mandcville,  H.  a,  Elmira,  N.  Y. 

1917  Maness,  Tola  D.,  Concord.  N.  C. 
1916  Mangum,  Addison  G..  Oastonia,  N.  O. 

1921  Manheimer,  Arthur  E.,  Chicago,  IlL 

1922  Manice,  William   DeForest,   New   York, 

N.  Y. 

1918  Msnier.  Will  R.,  Jr..  Nashville.  Tenn. 
1011  Manierre,  George  W..  Los  Angeles,  CkL 
1022  Mankle,  George.   Chicago,  111. 


ALPHABBTICAL  LIST  OF  HSMBIB8. 


817 


IftM  IU0I7.  CleroeDt,  Winiton-fitlem,  N.  0. 

1001  Hanly,  George  C.»  DeoTer,  Colo. 

19S2  Manlj,  Jarocfl  A.»  New  Rockford,  N.  D. 

1916  JUnij,   Robert  Emmet,  Kagt,  P.  L 

1912  Maui,  Charlee  D.,  Milwaukee,  Wia. 

190)  Mami,  Charles  L.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1916  Mann,  Edgar  P., -Springfield.  Mo. 

1915  Mann.  Jamea,  Norfolk,  Va. 

1922  Mann,  Leiande,  Loe  Angeles,  Oal. 

1921  Mann,  M.   M.,  St.  Matthews,   8.   0. 

1921  Mani^  OllTer  D.,  Danrille.  111. 

1912  Mann,   Richard  H.,   Petersburg,   Va. 
1911  Mann.  Richard  M.,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

1922  Mann,  8.  H.,  Forrest  Oity,  Ark. 

1922  Mann,  Sam  H.,  Jr.,  Forrest  City,  Ark. 

1921  Mann,  Seth,  San  Francisco.  Gal. 

1919  Mann.  Wm.  Hodges,  Jr.,  Petersburg,  Va. 

1917  Mann,  WillUm  Lee,  Albemarle,  N.  a 
1914  Manning,  A.  A.,  Spartanburg.  S.  C. 

1918  Manning,  A.  T.  W..  Manchester.  Kj. 

1922  Manning,  H.   B.,  Vallejo,  CaL 
1922  Manning,  J.  E.,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 
1911  Manning,  James  8.,  Raleigh,  N.  O. 
1922  Mannon,  Charles  M.,  Ukiah,  Oal. 

1922  Mannon,  J.  M.,  Jr.,  San  Francisco,  OaL 

1921  Manogue,  Roy,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
X922  Mansfield,  Albert,  Redwood  City,  Oil. 

1911  Mansfield,  Burton,  New  Haren,  Conn. 
1918  Mansileld.  Charles  F.,  Springfield,  HI. 
1914  Mansfield,  Frederick  W.,  Boston,  Ma«. 
1914  Mansfield,  Henry,  Peoria,  HI. 

1922  Mamfleld,  Henry  8.,  New  York.  N.  T. 
1914  Mansfield,  Howard,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1918  Mansfield.  Walter  D..  San  Francisco.  Oal. 
1921  MansoD,  0.  F.,  White  Rirer,  S.  D. 

1913  Manson,  N.  C.  Jr.,  Ljiichburg,  Va. 
1921  Manson,   Philip  L,  San  Franciaco,  Oal. 

1919  Manton,  Martin  T.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1912  Marble.  Frederick  P.,  Lowell,  Mass. 

1921  Marble,  Harry  S.,  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 
1918  Marble,  Thomas  L.  Gorham,  N.  B. 
1918  Marbury,  Ogle,   Baltimore,  Md. 

18M  Marbury,  William  L.,  Bsltimore.  Md. 

1922  Marccau,  Daniel  V.,  Stockton,  Cal. 
1922  March,  John  C,  Sacramento,  Cal. 

1916  March.  Moncure,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1920  Marchand.  Rafael  V.  Peres,  Ponce.  P.  R. 

1918  Marchant.  Roland  R.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1914  Marckworth.  John  H.,  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 

1921  Marden,  Charges  S.,  Moorhead,   Minn. 

1911  Marden,  Oscar  A.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1922  MarelU,  Henry,  Paterson,  N.  J. 

1919  Marfield,  Dwifrht  8.,  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 

1917  Margeson.   W.vlie  C,  New  York.   N.   Y. 
1921  Margolis,  M.   K.,   Dayton,  Ohio. 

1921  Margraye,  Alrin  0.,  Springfield,  III 

1912  Marion,  John  Hardin,  Chrster,  &  a 

1918  Marion,  Samuel,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


1914  Markell,   Charles,   BaltioMre.   Md. 

1922  Markewich,  Samuel,  New  York,   N.    Y. 

1921  Markham,  George  W.,  St.  Paul,  Mino. 

1920  Markham.  Herbert  L..  Manitowoc,  Wia. 

1913  Markham.  James  E.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

1921  Markheim,    Harry,   Chicago,   DL 

1922  Markley,  Edward  A.,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 
1922  Markley,  J.  E.  E.,  Mason  City,  Iowa. 
1916  Marks.  B.   E.,   Phoenix,  Ariz. 

1922  Marks,  Bertram  L.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1922  Marks,  Maurice,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Marks,  Milton,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 

1914  Marka,  Richard  P..  JacksonTille.  Fla. 

1921  Marks,  Robert  W.,  Ladoga,  Ind. 
1916  Marks,  Thomas  R..  Kansas  Clty»  Mo. 
1916  Marks,  WiUiam  Sherman.  Tooele  City* 

Utah. 

1920  Marlowe,  Richard.  Elmira.  N.  Y. 

1916  Maroney,  A.  C  St.  L<Hiia,  Mo. 

1918  Marr.  W.  B..  Nashville,  Tenn. 

1922  Marrin,  Paul  S.,  San  Francisco,  OaL 

1921  Marsh,  Arthur  M.,  Bridgeport,  Conn. 

1917  Msnh.  Charles  Capron,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1919  Ma*iih,  James  Ingrahsm,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

1922  Marsh,  John  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1917  Marsh,  John  Ctath,  Wilmington,  DeL 
1919  Marsh.   Robert  I.,   Indianapolis.   Ind. 
1921  Marsh,  Robert  McC.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Marsh,  Roy  M.,  Galesburg,  lU. 

1912  Marsh.  Samuel  John,  Waterbury,  Conn. 

1921  Marshall,  Alexander  H.,  Chicago,  111. 

1919  Marshall,  Andrew,  Boston,  Mass. 

1921  Marshall,  a  ¥.,  Terre  Haute,  Ind. 
1914  MsTBhaH.  Burwell  Keith.  LouisiFlUe.  Ky. 
1919  Marshall,  Carrington  Tanner,  Columbus, 

Ohio. 

1922  Marshall,  Charles  A.,  Tottenville,  N.  Y. 

1918  Marshall.  Ooud  R.,  Washington,  D.  0. 
1914  Marshall,  D.  P.  B.,  Sheridan.  Wyo. 
1922  Marshall,  Edward,   Chicago,  111. 

1911  Marshall.  Edwin  J..  Toledo.  Ohio. 

1922  Marshall,  Ererard  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Marshall,  H.  Snowdon,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Marshall,  Humphrey,  Los  Angeles,  Oal. 

1911  Marshall.  James  M.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1914  Marshall,  John  A..  Salt  Uke  City,  Utah. 

1921  Marshall,  John  W..  Chicago,  HL 

1922  Marshall,  John  William,  San  Fraadaco, 

OaL 

1906  Marshall.  TjoqIs,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1908  MarshalL  R.  E.  Lee.  Baltimore.  Md. 

1921  Marshall,  Thomas,   Chicago,  HI. 

1921  Marshall,  Thomas  L..  Chicago,  HL 

1921  Marshutz.  J.   H.,  Wilwaukee.  Wia. 

1912  Mano,  Michael,  Chicago,  ill. 
1906  Marston,  Thomas  B.,  Chicago,  III. 
1918  Martens,  Olenn  W.,  Pierre,  8.  D. 
1918  Martin,  Amoa  W.,  Chicago^  DL 


818 


AMERICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


t9l9 
1921 
1911 
1912 

1921 
1918 
1922 
1911 
1920 
1921 
1914 
1922 
1914 
1922 
1895 
1916 
1913 
1914 
1889 
1912 
1922 
1914 
1911 
1913 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1918 
1922 
1917 
1912 
1921 
1913 
1914 
1921 
1917 
1922 
1915 
1919 
1922 
1908 
1914 
1920 
1911 
1912 
1921 
1907 
1922 
1914 
1914 
1907 

1897 
1916 


Martin 


Caldwell,  Denver,  Colo. 


ICartin,  Charles,  Chicago,  HI. 
Martin,  Charlea  J.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 
Martin,   Clarence  E.,   Martinaburg, 

W.  Va. 
Martin.   Colfax  T.,   Danrille.  111. 
Martin,  K.  A.,  Gallup,  N.   M. 
Martin,  Edgar  L.,  Laa  Vegas,  Nev. 
Martin,  Frank  L.,  Hutchinson,  Kansas. 
Martin,   F.   Linton,   Chattanooga,   Tenn. 
Martin,  Frederic  H.,  Waddington,  N.  T. 
Martin,  George  B.,  Catlettaburg,  Ky. 
Martin,  George  Miner,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
Martin.  George  W..  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Martin,  George  W.,  Hobart,  Okla. 
Martin,   Horace  H.,  Chicago,  111. 
Martin,  Hugh  E..  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Martin,  J.  C.  Central  City,  Nebr. 
Martin,  J.  H.  Thayer,  Newark,  N.  J. 
Martin.  J.  Willis.  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Martin,  James  M.,  Minneap-^Hs,  Minn. 
Martin,  John  A.,  Pueblo,  Colo. 
Martin,  John  D.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 
Martin,  Julius  C,  Asheville,  N.  O. 
Martin,  M.  J.,  Scranton,  Pa. 
Martin,  Melbourne  M.,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 
Martin,  Mellen  C,  Chicago,  111. 
Martin,  UUn  M.,  San  Juan,  Porto  Rico. 
Martin.  Nathaniel  E.,  Concord.  N.  H. 
Martin,  Nicholas  J.,  San  Diego,  Cal. 
Martin.  P.  A..  Wichita  F^Ils.  Texas. 
Martin.  P  H..  Green  Bay,  Wis. 
Martin,  P.  H.,  Jr.,  Fond  du  Lac.  Wis. 
Martin,  Paris,  Boise,  Idaho. 
Martin,  Paul  C,  Sprlngflpld.  Ohio. 
Martin,  Ralph  G.,  Columbus,  Ohio. 
Martin,  Ray,  Columbus,  Ohio. 
Martin,   Richard  W.,   Pittsburgh,   Pa. 
Martin,  Sanford  B.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 
Martin,  T.  K..  Hot  Springs.  Ark. 
Martin,  Theodore,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
Martin,  Thomas  W.,  Birmingham,  Ala. 
Martin,  Ulysses  S..  Dayton,  Ohio. 
Martin,  Villard,  Muskogee.  Okla. 
Martin,  W.  H.,  Hot  Springs,  Ark. 
Martin,  Wesley.  Webster  City.  Iowa. 
Martin,  William  H.,  Saginaw,  Mich. 
Martin.  William  J.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Martin,  William  K.,  Lancaster,  Ohio. 
Martin,  William  L.,  Birmingham.  Ala. 
Martin,  William  McC.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Martin,  William  Parmenter,  New  York, 

N.  Y. 
Martindale,  Charles,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
Martineau,  John  E.,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 
Martineau,  Lyman  Rayil,  Jr.,  Salt  Lake 

Citr,  UUh. 


SLBCTKD 

1922  Martinelli,  Jordan  L.,  San  Rafael,  Oil. 

1912  Marvel,   David  T.,   Wilmington,  Del. 

1912  Marvel,  Josiah,  Wilmington,  DeL 

1918  Marvin,  Alfred,  Matamoras,  Pa. 

1914  Marvin,  L.  P.  Waldo,  Hartford,  Conn. 

1914  Marvin.  Langdon  P.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1911  Marx,  Benjamin  L.,  Honolulu,  HawaiL 

1907  Marx,  Frederick  Z.,  Chicago.  111. 
1914  Marx,  Robert  S.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1914  Marye,  Robert  V.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 
1922  Maahbum,  Arthur  Gray,  Reno,  Nev. 
1922  Mason,  Bruce  W.,  Long  Beach,  Cal. 
1916  Maaon,  Charles  M..  Newark,  N.  J. 
1921  Mason,   Edward   R.,   Des  Moinca,   Iowa. 

1912  Mason,   Eugene  G.,   Washington.   D.    C 

1918  Mason,  George  A.,  Chicago,  IIL 

1913  Mason,  Grafton,  St.  Paul,  Mian. 

1921  Mason,  Giiy,  Washington,  D.  O. 

1913  Mason,   Henry  F,  Topeka,   Kant. 
1911  Mason.  Herbert  D.,  Tulaa,  Okla. 

1914  Mason,  J.   Augustine,  Hageiatown,   Md. 
1911  Mason,  John  W.,  Northampton,  Maa. 
1916  Mason,  L.  Randolph,  New  Yoit.  N.   Y. 

1922  Mason,  Lowell  B.,  Chicago,  HL 

1911  Mason.  Norman  T..  Los  Angeles,  Osl. 

1914  Mason,  O.  F.,  Gastonla,  N.  0 

1915  Mason,  Roswell  B..  Chicago,  HI. 

1921  Mason,  T.  Lyde,  Jr.,  Towson,  Md. 

1912  Mason,  Vroman,  Madison.  Wis. 

1916  Maaon,  W.  F.,  Aberdeen.  S.  D. 

1912  Mason,  Wm.  Clarke.  Phlladplphla.  Pa. 

1922  Maaon,  William  H.,  St  Paul,  Minn. 
1922  Massari,  Domingo  M.,  San  Juan,  P.  R. 

1921  Massena,  Roy,  Chicago,  HI. 
1805  Massey,  Louis  C,  Orlsndo.  Fla 
1914  Massie.  David  M.,  Chillicotbe.  Ohio. 

1908  Maasle,  Eugene  C,  Richmond,  Va. 

1913  Maasie,  Joseph  A,  Newport  Newa.  Vn. 
1920  Maasingale.  8.  C,  Cordell,  Okla. 

1922  Maaslich,  Chester  B.,  New  York,  N.    T. 

1914  Maaten,  Arthur  Haynaworth,  New  York, 
N.  Y. 

1920  Masters,  Alfred  G.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1907  Mastick.  Seabury  C,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1919  Matchett,  David  F.,  Chicago,  IIL 
1914  Mather,  James  B.,  Watertown,  B.  D. 
1914  Mather,  Nation  O.,  Akron,  Ohio. 
19n  Mather,  0.  M.,  Hodgenvillc,  Ky. 
1912  Mathers,  H.  T.,  Sidney,  Ohio. 

1911  Matheson,  Alexander  E.,  Jancavfllc,  Wl*. 

1919  Mathews,  aifton.  Globe,  Arls. 

1920  Mathews,  Glenn  D.,  Ionia,  Mich. 

1921  Mathews,  James  FoudM,  Anniston,  Ala. 

1912  Mathews,  Thomaa  J.,  Bonndup,  Montana. 
1918  MathewB,   Wm.    Bordette,   Gharleaton, 

W.  Va. 

1909  Mathewaon,    Albert    McClellan,     New 
Raven,  Com 


ALPHABETICAL  LIST  OF  UBICBBBS. 


819 


■UCTBD 

1917  MathewBon,  Douglas,  Kew  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  MathewBon,  Earl,  Norwich,  Oonn. 
1921  Mathiesen,    William.    Chicago,    HI. 

1920  Matlock,  Edgar  L.,  Van  Buren,  Ark. 

1921  Ifataon,  Charles  E.,  Lincoln,  Neb. 
1921  MatBon,  Cliff  A.,  Wichita,  Kan. 

1918  llatsOB,  Roderick  N..  Cheyenne,  Wyo. 
1911  Mitaon.  WiHis  A.,  Rochester,  N.  T. 
1914  Mattem,  Conrad  J.,  Dayton.  Ohio. 
1911  Matteson,    Arciiibald    C.    Providence, 

R.  I.. 

1911  Matteaon,  Charles,  Providence,  R.  T. 
1921  Matthews,  Ben  A.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1920  Mstthews,  Benjamhi  L.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

1921  Matthews,  Benoni  C,  Sioux  Falls,  S.  D. 

1921  Matthews,  E.  H.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1914  Matthews,   Edwin  P.,   Dayton,  Ohio. 

1919  Matthews,  Francis  E..  Chicago,  III. 

1922  Matthews,  Francis  P.,  Omaha,   Neb. 
1921  Matthews,     Howard     D.,     Parkersburg, 

W.  Va. 

1921  Matthews,    John   W.,   Cincinnati,    Ohio. 

1915  Matthews,  Joseph  S.,  Concord,  N.  R. 
1900  Matthews,  Mortimer,  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 

1921  Matthews,    Stanley,    Cincinnati,   Ohio. 

1922  Matthews,  William,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Matthews,  William  J.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1921  Matthews,  William  M..  Dayton,  Ohio.     ' 
1910  Matthews,  William  M.,  Kansas  City.  Mo. 

1922  Matthiessen.  Mark  M.,  Portland.  Ore. 
1921  Mattuck,  George  F.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1921  Mauck.  Roscoe  J.,  Gallipolis.  Ohio. 

1919  Maupin,  Robert  W..  Oklahoma  aty. 

Okla. 

1921  Maurer,  Henry  R.,   Detroit,  Mich. 

1914  Maurer,  W.  F.,  Cleveland.  Ohio. 

1920  Maurice,  Melville  P.,  Brattleboro,   Vt. 

1921  Mawbcy,  John  W.,  Worcester,  Ma^s. 
1919  Maxey,  Oeorpre  W..  Scranton,  Pa. 

,    1922  Maxey.  Ray  6.,  Modesto.  Cal. 

1922  Maxim,  Harry  1.,  Madera,  Cal. 

1921  Maxwell,  Charles  F.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

1910  Maxwell.  Evelyn  C,  Pensacola,   Fla. 
1888  Maxwell.  I^wrence,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1918  Maxwell.  Nathaniel  R..  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1918  Maxwell,  W.  B.,  Elkins,  W.  Va. 

1918  Maxwell,  William  K„  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Maxwell,  William  W..  Chicago.  111. 

1918  May,  Charles  R.,  Beaver  Falls.  Pa. 
1921  May.  George  S.,  Napoleon.  Ohio. 

1912  May.  George  Willtamfl,  Jackson.  Misa. 
1896  May,  Renry  F.,  San  Francijico,  Cal. 
1921  May,  John  V.,  Chicago,  III. 

1911  May.    Marcus  B..  Boston.   Mass. 
1921  May.  Philip  S.,  Jacksonville,  Fla. 
1022  May,  Samuel  C.  Berkeley.  Cal. 

1919  Mayberry,   Lowell    A..    Boston.  Maas. 
19a  Maydwell,  Charles  W.,  Baltimore,  Md. 


BUECTKD 

1014  Mayer,  Clinton  O.,  Philadelphia,   Pa. 

1921  Mayer,  Edwin  B.,  Ohicago,  111. 

1921  Mayer,  Elias,  Chicago,  111. 

1918  Mayer,  H^nry  J..  New  York,  K.  Y. 

1919  Mayer,  laaae  H.,  Chicago,  IIL 

1922  Mayer,   Joseph  H.,   San  Frandsoo,  Cal. 

1918  Mayer,  Julius  M.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1906  Mayer,  Levy,  Chicago,  III. 
1916  Mayer,  Louis,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1921  ll^yer,  Milton,  New  York,   N.  T. 
1908  Mayfleld,  J.  E.,  Cleveland,  Teaa. 
1013  MayHeld,  James  J.,  Montgomery.  Ala. 
1916  Mayfleld,  P.  B.,  Cleveland,  Tenn. 
1916  Mayhew,  D.  8.,  Monett,  Mo. 
19*20  Mayhugh,  Joseph  F.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
1010  Ma>iiard.  Fred  A.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

1919  Maynard,  Robert  W..  Boston,  Mas. 

1920  .  Mayne,  Walter  R..  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

1921  Mayo,  Arthur  E.,  Chicago,  IIL 
1921  Mayo,  J.  L.,  Sonenrille,  Tcna. 
1021  Mayo,  S.  T.,  Harriaburg,  Ark. 

1921  Mayo,  W.  M.,  Somerville,  Tena. 
1918  Mays,  Richard.  Conlcena,  Tex. 

1922  Mazuran,  Marion  J.,  San  Prancisoo.  Oal. 

1921  Meacham,  M.  B.,  Portland,  Oreg. 

1916  Mead,  Benjamin  H.,  Stamford,  Oonn. 

1922  Mead,  Clarence  O.,  Lisbon,  N.  D. 
1913  Mead,  Olena  C,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 
1913  Meagher,   Thomaa  Jamea,    Philadelphia, 

Pa. 

1921  Mears,  F.  R.,  Oatesville,  Texaa. 

1913  Mears.  Otho  F.,  Ksxtvllle.  Va. 
1918  Measey,  William  Maul.  Haverford,  Pa. 
1906  Mecartney,  Harry  8.,  Chicago.  fU. 
1921  Mecham,    George   N.,    Omaha,   Neb. 
1912  Mecham,  John  Barton,  JoII'>t.  111. 
1921  Mechem,   Edwin,   Alamagordo,   N.   Mes. 
1895  Mechem,  Floyd  R.,  Chicago,  HI. 
1912  Mechem,  George  W..  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

1921  Mechem,    John    Leland.    Battle    Creek, 
Midi. 

1918  Mechem,  Merritt  C,  Santa  Fe,  N.  M. 

1919  Mecum,  William  F.,  Douglas,  Wyo. 

1922  Medalie,  George  Z.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1920  Meder,  Albert  R.,  Detroit.  Mich. 

1914  Meek,  Edward  R.,  Dallas,  Texaa. 

1921  Meek,  James  M..  Ransaa  City.  Kan. 

1922  Meek,  James  M..  Knoxville,  Tenn. 
1922  Meeker,  Rollin  W..  Blnghamton.  N.   Y. 

1917  Meekins,  Issac  M.,  Klfarbeth  City.  N.  O. 
1917  Meeka.  James  A..  Dnnvllle.  111. 
1921  Megsn.  Charles  P..  Chicago.  111. 
1916  Mehaffey,  James  W.,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 
1911  Mehaffy,  T.   M.,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

1911  Mehan,  William  A.,  IMIIaton  Spa..  N.  T. 
1921  Mehard,  Chul'chlll  B.,  Pittsburg.  Pena. 

1912  Mehlhope,  Clarence  E.,  Chicago,  HI. 
1912  Meighen,  John  F.  D.,  AR>en  Lea,  Miao. 


820 


AHXBIOAN  BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


1921  Melfs,  L.  a,  Takiina,  Wash. 

19S2  llelgB»     WeUlnffton    H.,    Omt     FaUt, 

Mont. 

1918  Meigs,  William  M.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

1918  Meiael.  Max  E.,  OeTeland,  Ohio. 

1915  Meiater,  M.  G.,  Oklahoma  Cit7.  Okla. 
1918  Melcfaer.  Webster  A.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
19S2  Melcfaert,  6.  &,  BloomAeld,  Iowa. 

1918  Meldon,  Patrick  M.,  Rutbod,  Vt 

1888  Meldrim,  Peter  W.,  Savamiah,  Osn 

1921  Mellchar,  Jamea  J.,  Obicaco,   111. 

1907  Mellen,  Cbaae.  New  York.  N.  T. 

1922  Mellen,  John,  Orange,  GaL 

1928  Melliah,  William  a,  Worcester,  Mass. 

1918  Mellora,  Joseph,  Phihidelphia.  Pa. 

1922  Mellott,  Arthur  J.,  Kanaa  Oitjr,  Kan. 

1922  Mdniker,  Aaron  A.,  Bayoone,  N.  J. 

1914  Melton,  Adrian,  Chickasha,  Okla. 

1916  Melton,  Alger,  Chickasha,  Okla. 
1914  Melton,  W.  D.,  Columbia,  8.  O. 
1918  Melville,  Henry,  Mew  York,  N.  T. 

1912  Melrille,  Irring  B.,  Denver.  Colo. 
1922  Melville,  Max  D.,  Denver,  Colo. 
19n  Melvin,  Ridgely  P..  Annapolis,  Md. 
1922  Memhard,  Allen  R.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1918  Mendels,  Solomon,  Baltimore,  Md. 
1921  Meneley,  Harry  W.,  Chicago,  IlL 
1916  Meng,  Thomas  8.,  St.  Louia,  Mo. 
1918  Mengel.  Ralph  H.,  Reading,  Pa. 

1916  Menken,  8.  Stanwood,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1917  Mentser,  William  C,  Cheyenne.  Wyo. 

1921  Menziea,  John  W.,  Covington,  Ky. 
1981  Mercer,  H.  Fred,  Pittsburgh,  Pena. 

1901  Mercer,  Hugh  Victor.  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

1922  Mercer,  W.  W.,  Roundup,  Mont. 

1913  Merchant,  Edward.  Philadelphia.  Pa. 
1922  Merchant,  Ernest  H.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1902  Merchant,  Henry  D.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1887  Mercur,  Rodney <  A.,  Towanda,  Pa. 

1908  Meredith,  Charlea  V.,  Richmond,  Va. 

1914  Meredith,  James  A.,  Fairmont,  W.  Va. 
1922  Meredith,  James  D.,  Sacramento,  CaL 

1920  Meredith.  WiUis  H.,  Poplar  Bluff,  Mo. 
1912  Mergentheim,  Morton  A.,   Chicago,   III. 
1916  Meriwether,  Hunter  M.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

1921  Merland.  Heniy  W.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1922  Mtfle-Smlth,  Van  8.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Merrell,  Herman,  St.  Petersburg,  Fla. 

1980  Merriam,  Edwin  G.,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

1919  Merriam,  John  M.,  Boston,  Maas. 
1897  Merrick,   Charlea  D.,   Parkersburg, 

W.  Va. 

1910  Merrick,  DuiT,  AahevOle,  N.  C. 

1878  Merrick,  Edwin  T.,  New  Orleana,  La. 

1887  Merriek,  George  .Peck,  Chicago,  IlL 

1981  Meirick,  Roy  C,  Chicago,  111. 
1919  Merrick,  Walter,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
lau  MflRiken,  Charios  L.,  Baltimore.  Md. 


1916  Menitt,  Geoife  Fiya,  Glouocstar, 

1928  Merrill,  John  F.  A.,  Portland,  Me. 

1900  MerriU,  Joseph  HaawU,  Tlumiaafille,  Gn. 

1921  MerrUl,  R.  D.,  PocateUo,  Ida. 

1921  Meiriman,  Buckingham  Panona,  Water- 

bury,  Conn. 

1918  Merrimon,  James  G.,  AaheviUa,  N.  C 

1914  Meiritt»  Albert  J.,  Bridgeport,  Conn. 

1922  Merritt,  F.  T.,  Seattle,  Wash. 

1921  Merritt,  Jamea  A.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

1921  Menereau,  George  J.,  Kansas  Oity,  Mo. 
1920  Merts,  WUliam  M.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1896  Mervine,  Nicholaa  P.,  Altoona.  Pa. 

1914  Merwin,  Heniy  W.,  New  Haven,  Ooon. 

1908  Meaerve,  Edwin  A.,  Los  Angelas,  Cat. 

1988  Meaerve,  Shirley  E.,  Loa  Angelea,  Cal. 

1914  Meaerve,  W.  A.,  Creighton,  Nebr. 

1920  Meaervey,  Edwin  C,  Kanaaa  City,  Mo. 
1918  Mcsirov,  Harry  8.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1922  Mesirow,  Benjamin^.,  Chicago,  HI. 
1922  Meaaer,  F^ank  F.,  Iowa  City,  Iowa. 
1981  Mesdck,  Allen  Q.,  Marion,  Ind. 
2904  Metcalf,  Charlea  W.,  Memphia,  Tenn. 
2918  Metcalf,  Orlando  P.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1910  Metcalf,  William  P.,  Memphia,  Tenn. 
1928  Metcalfe,    Ernest    George,    New    York, 

N.  Y. 

1921  Metaker,  Glen  R.,  St  Helena,  Oref. 
1918  Metaon,  W.  H.,  San  Fnmdaoo,  Oal. 

1922  Metteer,  O.  F.,  Sacramento,  Cal. 
1921  Metxel,  Hany  V.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1912  Metsler,  Curtia  G.,  Boston,  Msas. 
1918  Meyer,  Abraham,  Chicago,  HI. 
1918  Meyer,  Carl,  Chicago,  DL 

1822  Meyer,  Charlea  H.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1912  Meyer,  Edward  R.,  Zanesvllle,  Ohio. 

1915  Meyer,  George  H.,  Chicago,  III 

1921  Meyer,  George  Y.,  Pittsburgh,  Penn. 

1921  Meyer,  John  D.,  Pittdmrgh,  Penn. 

1913  Meyer,  Lee  8.,  Baltimore,  Md. 
1928  Meyer,  Oacar  G.,  Pittabuigh,  Pa. 

1914  M^er,  Samuel  T.,  Lebanon,  Pa. 

1921  Meyer,  Theodore  V.,  Wateibuiy,  Oosm. 

1921  Meyer,  W.  W.,  New  HaTen,  Conn. 

1911  Meyer,  Walter  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1914  Meyer,  William  J.,  Colmnbw,  Ohio. 

1916  Meyers.  Peter  J.,  Racine,  Wla. 
1902  Meyers,  Sidney  8.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Meyerstein,   Joseph   C,   San   FranciaoOk 

Oal. 

1928  Meyler,  Charlea  F.,  Detroit,  Ifich. 

1922  Michael,  Harry  E.,  San  Frandace,  OaL 
1922  Micfaad,  Jamea  a,  St  Panl,  Mini. 

1921  Michael,  Jerome,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1911  Michaels,  William  C,  Kanaaa  Ct^,  Mo. 

1922  Michal,  Charlea  J.,  Chicago,  IlL 

1915  Michel,  Bmcat  A.,  Minneapolla,  Mtam. 
1921  Michelet»  Charlea  Jules,  Chicago,  HI. 


ALPHABETICAL  LIST  OF  HBMBSB8. 


821 


1913  Michell.  Arthur  A..  New  Tork»  N.  T. 
mi  ICicbelnuui,  Joieph,  Boston,  MaM. 
198S  Ifichels,  T.  A.,  Waabiiigton,  Iowa. 
1919  Michelaon,  Albert  G.,  lUdison.  Wis. 
IMf  Hichelflon,  Albert,  San  Francisco,  Cat. 
19tt  Hicbener,  Earl  a,  Adrian.  Mich. 
1900  Michener,  L.  T.,  Waahinfton,  D.  C 

1921  Micon,  Samuel,-  Chicago,  111. 

1914  Micou,  Benjamin,  Washington,  D.  0. 

1915  Middaogfa,  Henry  0.,  Duluth,  Minn. 
Middlebrook,    Frederic   J.,    Kew    York, 

N.  Y. 
Middlecoir,  Walttf  W.,  VisalU,  Oal. 

1919  Middleswart,  C.  C,  MarietU,  Ohio. 

1919  Middletoo,  Allen  C,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

^4  Middleton,  Charlca  Q.,  Louitrille.  Ky. 

1914  Middleton,  B.  P.,  Urbana,  Ohio. 

1992  Midowici,  Oasimir  Eugene,  Chicago,  HI. 

1919  Miehcr,  V.  C,  Tulsa,  Okla. 

1914  Miehling,  Edward,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1922  MiiBln,  Gordon,  Seattle,  Wash. 

1900  Mikell,  William  B.,  PhiUdelphia,  Pa. 

1921  Mikesell,  E.  D.,  Fredonia,  Kan. 

1919  Milbank,   Albert  G.,  New  York,   N.  Y. 

1900  Mtlbum,  Elmer  R.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1999  Milbum.  John  G.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1914  Milchrist,  William,  Sioux  City,  Iowa. 

1910  Miles,  Charles  V.,  Peoria,  HI. 
1921  Milea,  Hooper  8.,  Salisbury,  Md. 
1900  Miles,  Joshua  W.,  Princesa  Anne,  Md. 

1911  Miles,  Lovick  P..  Memphis,  Tenn. 

1912  Miles,  Vincent  M.,  Fort  Smith,  Ark. 

1911  Miles,  WilUrd  W.,  Barton,  Vt. 

1990  Miley,  John  a,  Oklahoma  aty,  Okla. 

1921  MillOrd,  Charles  R.,  Lafayette,   Ind. 

1921  Milford,  Charlea  R.,  Skaneateles,  N.  Y. 

1021  Milford,  Charles  R.,  Jr.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

1921  Millan.  Edgar  O.,  Portsmouth,  Ohio. 

1900  Millan,  William  W.,  Waahinfrtcm.  D.  0. 

1921  Millar,  Robert  Wyneas,  Chicago.  111. 

1922  Millar,  W.  R.,  Los  Angeles.  Oal. 

1921  Millard,  WillUm  James,  Olyrapia,  Waah. 

1919  Miller,  A.  Jay,  Bellefontaine,  Ohio. 

1914  Miller,  A.  L.,  Macon.  Ga. 

1921  Millar,  Abraham  L..  Terre-Haute.  Ind. 

1921  Milltf,  Albert,  Jefferson  City.  Mo. 

1912  Miller,  Albert  Edward.  Marquette.  Midt 
1917  MUler,  Amos,  Hillsboro,  HI. 

1916  MiUer,  Amos  C,  Chicago,  111. 

1920  MUler,  Andrew,  Bismarck,  N.  D. 

1915  Miller,  Arthur.  Kansaa  City,  Mo. 

1917  MUler,  Arthur  Hagen,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
1919  Miller,  Austin,  JackBonrille,  Fla. 

1921  MUler.  B.  M..  Covington,  La. 

1921  Miller,  Benjamin  H.,  UbertyriUe,  IlL 

1980  MUIcr,  Benjamin  K..  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

1921  MiUer  Burkett,  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 

1910  Miller,  Charlea  A.,  Bolirar,  Tenn. 


1922  Miller,   Charles   B..   Albia.   Iowa. 

1922  MiUer,  Charles  H.,  Chicago,  ni. 

1809  Miller,  Charles  W.,  IndianapoUs,  Ind. 

1921  Miller,  Clarence.  Irrine.  Ky. 

1922  MiUer,    Clarence    Mendes,    Brattleboro^ 

Vt 

1921  Mfller,  David  Hunter,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1913  Miller,  E.  Augustus,  PhiUdelphia,  Pa. 
1987  Miller,  E.  Spencer,  PhUadelphU,  Pa. 
1920  MiUer,  E.  T..  AmaHUo,  Tex. 

1914  MiUer,  Edward  T.,  St  Louie.  Mo. 
1021  Miller,  EUubeth  L.,  Bolivar,  Tenn. 
1914  MUler,  F.  A..  Hartsville,  S.  C. 

1922  MUler,  Fhmk  L.,  Banning,  Oal. 

1916  MUler,  Frank  T.,  Peoria,  Ul. 

1918  MiUer,  FranUin,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1911  MUler,  Fred,  Colfax,  Wash. 

1917  MUler,  Frederic  W.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
1914  MUler,   Frederick  C,    Mount    Clemens, 

Mich. 

1920  Miller,  George,  Jr.,  Muskogee,  Okla. 

1921  MlUer,  George  J.,  Chicago,  m. 
1893  Miller.  George  P.,  Milwaukee.  Wia. 
1910  MUler,  George  W.,  Chicago,  Ul. 

1021  Miller,   H.  B.  M.,  San  Francisco,  Oil. 

1021  Miller,  H.  J.,  Livingston.  Mont 

1921  MUler,  Hany  B.,  Chicago^  III. 

1921  MiUer,   Harry  W.,   Portsmouth.  Ohio. 
1913  Miller,  Henry  G.,  Chicago.  HI. 

1920  MiUer,  Henry  R.,  Jr.,  Bichmond,  Va. 

1922  MiUer,  Henry  S.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1913  MUler,  Hugh  G.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Miller,  J.   A.,  Cherokee,  Iowa. 

1921  MiUer,  J.  A.,  Waukecgan,  lU. 

1914  Miller,  J.  Albert,  PhUadelphia,  Pa. 

1922  MUler,  J.  Arthur,  Chicago,  IlL 
1922  Miller,  J.  Paul,  San  Francisco.  Oal. 

1913  MiUer,  James  H.,  Bellepoint.  W.  Va. 
1910  Miller.  James  R.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
1910  Miller,  Jesse  A.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

1914  MiUer,  John  A.,  Kearney,  Nebr. 
1909  Miller,  John  D.,  New  Orleans,  ta. 
1914  Miller.  John  D.,  Susquehanna.  Pa. 
19t4  Miller,  John  Faber,  Norristown,  Pa. 

1913  Miller,  John  H.,  San  Franclsoo,  Cal. 

1919  MiUer.  John  Stocker,  Jr.,  Chicago,  HL 
1922  MiUer,  Kenton  A.,  Los  Angeles,  CaL 
1921  MiUer,  L.  D.,  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 

1921  Miller,  Lee  F.,  Johnson  City,  Tenn. 

1921  Miller,   Lem  S.,   Cincinnati.   Ohio. 

1914  Miller,  Louis  H..  MUlvlUe.  New  Jersey. 
1017  MiUer.  Luther  L.,  Chicago,  111. 

1921  MiUer,    Mark   H.,    Indianapolis,   Ind. 

1913  MUler,  Nathan  L.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

1914  MUler,    Nelson    D.,    Steuben ville.    Ohio. 
1921  Miller,  Oliver  H.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 
1921  MiUer,  Oscar  C,   Chicago,   UL 

1921  MiUer,  Paul  L.,  Bridgeport,  Conn. 


822 


AHEKICAK   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


1921  Miller,   Philip  L.,   New  Tork,   N.  T. 

1916  Miller,   Philippus  W.,   Philadelphia,   Pa. 
19S1  Miller,   Richard  O.,   Waabington,   Peon. 

1917  Miller,   Robert   N.,  Louisville.   Ky. 
1914  Miller,  Samuel  D.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
1914  Miller,  Seaman,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1909  Miller.  Sidney  T.,  Detroit.  Mich. 
1921  Miller,   Victor  J.,  St.   Louis,   Mo. 

1910  Miller,  W.  B..  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 
1921  Miller,  W.  L.,  XenU,  Ohio. 

1914  Miller,  W.  McD..  Steubenville,  0. 

1919  Miller,   Wallace,  Macon,  Oa. 

1921  Miller,  Wm.  A.,  Amherst,  Ohio. 

1918  Miller,    William    Emory,    Dts    Moinea, 

Iowa. 

1921  Miller,   William  J.,   Boston,   Mass. 
1903  Miller,  William  N.,  Parkersburg,  W.  Va. 

1919  Miller,  William  8.,  Chicago.  111. 

1895  Miller,   William   W.,   New   York.    N.   Y. 

1920  Milligan.  James  J.,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

1921  Milliken,  Allen  W.,  New  Bedford,  Masa. 
1916  Milliken.  Arthur  N.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1916  Milliken,  Frank  A,  New  Bedford.  Mass. 
1906  Millikin,  E.  E.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

1922  Millikin,   Eugene   D.,   Denver,   Colo. 
1909  Milling.  R.  E.,  New  Orleans.  La. 

1922  Millington,    Seth.,  Jr.,   Colusa,   Cal. 
1909  Millis,  Wade.  Detroit.  Mich. 

1919  Millner,  LeRoy.  Chicago,  III. 

1914  Mills,   Alfred  Elmer,   Morriatown,    N.  J. 

1912  Mills.   Allen  G.,   Chicago,    111. 

1921  Mills,   Earl   C.   Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

1922  Mills,  Edward  P.,  Shreveport,  La. 

1921  Mills,   George  E.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1914  Mills.   M.    A.,   Osecola,    Nebr. 

1915  Mills,   Walter  H..   Decatur,  111. 

1922  Millsaps,  Louis,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Milmine.  John.  Chicago,  111. 

1921  Milner,  Charles,  Martin,  8.  D. 

1909  Milner.  Pumell  M.,  New  Orleans.  U. 

1920  Milotte,  John  A.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1921  Milroy,  R.   B.,   Yakima,  Wash. 

1916  Milton,    Charles  C,    Worcester.    Mads. 

1914  Milton.  John,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

1915  Milverton,  Frederick  W.,  San  Francisco. 

CaL 

1921  Mima,  W.  0.,  Newport,  Tenn. 

1916  Minahan,   Eben  R.,  Green  Bay.  Wis. 

1912  Minahan.  Edmund  D.,  Rhinelander,  Wis. 
1914  Minarle,  Harry  Bowen.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1916  Minnis,  James  L.,  Long  Beach,  C'Slif. 

1920  Minnis.  Milton  S.,  St  Louis.  Mo. 

1906  Minor,  Benjamin  S..  Washington,   D.  C. 

1921  Minor,  Berkeley,  Jr.,  Charleston,  W.  Vs. 

1913  Minor,  Farrell  D.,  Beaumont,  TexaiL 

1910  Minor,  H.  Dent.  Memphis,  Tenn. 

1917  Minor,  John  B.,  Richmond,  Va. 
1901  Minor,  Raleigh  C,  University.  Va. 


1921  Minrath,     Ferdinand    R.,     New    York, 

N.  Y. 

1921  Minter,  C.  8.,  Logan,  W.  Va. 

1908  Minton.  Francis  L..  New  York,  N.  T. 

1916  Minton,  R.  E.,  Lufkin,  Texaa. 

1921  Mirick,   George   H..    Worcester,   Maw. 

1922  Mirkil,  Hazleton,  Jr.,  PbiladelpbU,  Pa. 

1913  Mirkil,  L.  Hazleton,  Philadelphia,  Piu 
1922  Mirow,  Wm.  G.,  San  Diego,  CaL 

1921  Miahkin,   Charles,  Chicago,  IlL 

1920  Mistersky,  Eugene  L..  Detroit.  Mich. 

1914  Mitchell,  Alfred  H.,  St.  Clairsville,  Obte. 
1913  Mitchell,  Charles.  New  Bedford,  Mmb. 
1919  Mitchell,  E.  B..  Clinton,  lU. 

1922  Mitchell,  George  R.,  Chicago,  m. 
1913  Mitchell.  Harold  C,  New  York.  N.  T. 

1921  Mitchell,  Henry  B.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1907  Mitchell,  Henry  L.,  Bangor,  Maine. 

1913  Mitchell,  James  McC..  BulTato,  M.  T. 
1919  Mitchell.  John  J.,  Beaton.  Maas. 

1921  Mitchell,  Joseph  D.,  Pawhuska,  OkU. 

1911  Mitchell.  Joseph  V.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1921  Mitchell,  Julian,  Charleston,  8.  O. 

1921  Mitchell,  Lex  N.,  Punxsutawaey,  Pcna. 

1921  Mitchell,  Morris  B.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

1914  Mitchell,  Orestes,  St.  Joaeph,  Mo. 
1906  Mitchell.  Oscar,   Duluth,  Minn. 
1911  Mitchell,  Robert  Chamberlain,  New 

York.  N.  Y. 

1916  Mitchell.  Samuel  A,  St.  Louia,  Mo. 
1914  Mitchell,  W.  E..  Council  Bluffs,  lows. 

1922  Mitchell,  W.  Egbert,  Los  Angelea.  O^L 
1906  Mitchell,  William  D..  St.  Psul.  Minn. 

1917  Mitchell.  William  H.,  Florence.  AU. 

1919  MittelsUedt.  GusUv,  Kenosha.  Wis. 
1913  Mitton.  Arthur  Q.,  Boston,  Masau 

19C9  Moate,  Francis  P..  Parkersburg.  W.   Va. 

1920  Mock,  Edward  A.,  Milwaukee,  Wia. 
1906  Mocquot,  Janes  D.,   Paducab,  1^. 
1922  Moerdyke,   N.  P.,   Los  Angeles,  OaL 
1922  Moera,  Robert,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Moffat,  David  W.,  Murray  Cft7.  Utah. 
1922  Moffat,  Walter,  New  York,  K.  Y. 
1918  MoffeCt,  T.  J.,  Oereland,  Ohio. 
1894  Mofllt.  John  T..  Tipton,  Iowa. 

1922  Mogan,  Richard  P.,  San  Francisco.   Ofel. 

1920  Mohn,  Elmer  John.  Detroit,  Mloh. 

1920  Mohr.  FYank  A.,  St  Louia,  Mo. 
1922  Mohr,  Herman,  Albuquerque,  N.  M. 
1922  Mohr,  John  H.,  Sioux  City,  Iowa. 
1906  Mohun,  Barry.   Washington,   D.   O. 

1918  MoTse.  Albert  L.,  Philadelphia.   Pa. 

1921  Moist,  Ronald  F.,  Clarksburg.  W.  Va. 

1919  Molina,  Henr>'  George.  San  Juan,  P.   R. 

1922  Molkenbuhr,  8.  W.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
1921  Moll,  Theophilus  J.,  IndianapoHa.  Ind. 
1921  Molloj,  Thomaa  D.,  Yuma,   Aiis. 


ALPHABETICAL  LIST   OF   1CEMBER3. 


823 


19n  M0U07,   ThomM  J.,   Hartford,   Oonn. 

19S1  Moloney,  George  H.,  Chicago,  111. 

lOU  Molonej,  Robert  G..  St.  Louis,  Ho. 

1920  Molony,  Alvin  P.,  TuIm,  Okla. 
1916  Molthrop,  Charles  P.,  Chicago,  111. 

1911  Moljrneox,  A.  R.,  Cherokee,  Iowa. 

1921  Mooaghan,  James  P.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1918  Monaghan,  John,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 
1989  Monk,  Dudley  Conner,  Okmulgee,  Okla. 

1921  Monk,  Wesley  E.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1918  Monnette,  Om  E.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
1889  Monroe,  Charlef,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

1914  Monroe,  Frank  A.,  New  Orleans,  La. 

1915  Monroe,  Henry  B.,  8an  Francisco,  CaL 
1909  Monroe,  J.  Blanc,  New  Orleans,  La. 
191S  Monroe.  Robert  Grier,  New  York.  N.  T. 

1922  Monserrat,  Daroian,  San  Juan,  P.  R. 
1989  Monson,    Claude    Raymond,    Steamboat 

Springs,  Colo. 

191S  MonUgue.  Gilbert  H..  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1915  Montague,  Henry  B.,  Southbridge,  Mass. 

1919  MonU(,iie,  Hill,  Richmond.  Va. 

1908  Montague,   Richard  W.,   Portland.  Ore. 

1921  Monteagle,  Paige,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1918  Monteith,  Colin  S.,  Columbia,  S.  C. 

1918  Monten,  William  A..  Spokane,  Wash. 

1897  Montgomery,  Carroll  S.,  Omaha.    Nebr. 

1982  Montgomery,   Charles  C,    Los  Angeles, 

Cal. 

I9n  Montgomery,   Chester    R.,    South   Bend, 

Ind. 

1921  Montgomery,  Frank,  Knoxville,  Tenn. 

1921  Montgomery,  Hugh,  Portland,  Oreg. 
1908  Montgomery,  John  R.,  Chicago,  III. 

1916  Montgomery,  Leonard  J..  Keokuk,  Iowa. 
1896  Montgomery,  Oscar  H.,  Seymour.  Ind. 
im  Montgomery,  Phelps,  New  Haven.  Coon. 
19n  Montgomery,   R.    L.,   Lewisville,  Ark. 

1912  Montgomery,  Richard  B.,   New  Orleans, 

La. 

1918  Montgomery,  Robert  H.,  Hevr  York, 

N.  Y. 

1919  Montgomery,  Robert  H.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1914  Montgomery,  Theodore  L.,  Kahoka.  Slo. 
1914  Moiitgomery,  W.  W.,  Jr.,  Philadelphia, 

1918  Montgomery,  Wm.  Morgan,  Philadelphia, 

Pa. 

1914  Montgomery.   William   P..    Washington, 

D.  a 

1922  Montrose,  George  A.,  Garden ville,  Nev. 
1('20  Montalieimer,  O.  H..  Primghar.  Iowa. 
1921  Moncanl,  John  T.,  Waterbury,  Conn. 
1908  Moody,  Cary  C,  India nola.  Miss. 

1921  Moody,  James  WUliam,  Oak   Park,   III. 

1912  Moody,  Paul  B..  Detroit.  Mich. 

1921  Moon,  Banubas  C,  Kokomo,  Ind. 

190)  Moon,  Charles  A.,  Muskogee,  Okla. 


1917  Moon,  E.  T.,  La  Orange.  Oa. 
1911  Moonan,  John,  Waseca,  Mina. 

1911  Moone>,  Edmund  L,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1909  Mooney,  Ueniy,  New  Orleans.  La,  \ 
1922  Mooney,  Homer,  Carson  City,  Ner. 

1918  Mooney,  M.  P.,  CleveUnd,  Ohio. 
1918  Moore,  Alfred,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
1922  Moore,  C.  B.,  Franklin,  Ky. 

1914  Moore.  Charles  L..  Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 

1918  Moore,   Charles  Sumner,    Atlantic  City, 

N.  J. 

1922  Moore,  Courtney  L.,  San  Francisco,  OaL 

1928  Moore,  E.  B.,  Winnsboro,  La. 

1919  Moore,   E.    H.,  Okmulgee,   Okla. 
1921  Moore,  B.  H.,  Youngstown,  Ohio. 

1921  Moore,  Edwin  N.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1913  Moore,  Everett  F..  Moundsville,  W.  Va. 
1918  Moore.  Frank,  Lexington,  Va. 

1914  Moore,  Frank  H..  Kansas  aty.  Mo. 

1922  Moore,  Frederick  G.,   Birmingham,  Ala. 

1912  Moore.   Frederick   W.,   Chicago,   Ul. 
1914  Moore,  George  H.,  St.  I^uis,  Mo. 

1920  Moore.  Grey,  Tulsa.  Okla. 

1S21  Moore,  Harry  F.,  Washington,  Penn. 

1982  Moore,    Hany    Thornton,     Washington, 

D.  C. 

1916  Moore,  Henry,  Jr.,  Texarkana,  Ark. 

1916  Moore,  Henry  L,  Salt  Uke  City.  Utah. 
1914  Moore.  Hunt  C,  Kanaaa  City.  Mo. 
1909  Moore,  I.  D.,  New  Orleans,  La. 

1921  Moore,  J.  B.,  Ardmore,  Okla. 

1917  Moore.  J.  Washington.  Nashville.  Tenn. 
1889  Moore.  John  Bassett,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1921  Moore,  John  Francis,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Moore,  John  I..  Helena,  Ark. 

1902  Moore.  John  M.,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

1896  Moore,  Joseph  B.,  Lsnsing,  Mich. 

1918  Moore,  Joseph  L.,  Fort  Plsin.  N.  Y. 

1912  Moore.  Langdon,  Chicago,  HI. 
1918  Moore,  Larry  I.,  Newbem.  N.  C. 
1901  Moore,  McCabe,  Kansas  City.  Mo. 

1922  Moore,  Milton  B.,  Reno,  Nev. 
1922  Moore,   Minor,   Los  Angeles,   Cal. 
1921  Moore,  Nathan  G.,  Chicago,  111. 

1921  Moore,  Patrick  Joseph,  Zamboanga*  P.  L 

1922  Moore,  R.  A.,  Riverside,  Cal.    . 

1918  Moore.  R.  Walton.  Fairfax,  Va. 

1922  Moore,  Raymond  H.,  Stillwater,  Okla. 

1919  Moore.  Robert  J..  Memphis.  Tpnn. 

1922  Moore,  Robert  J.,  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y. 

1911  Moore,  Samuel  E.  N.,  Knoxville,  Tenn. 

1916  Moore,  Samuel  W.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1913  Moore,  Stanley,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1920  Moore,  Thomas  B.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1922  Moore,     Virgin     Yandell,     MadisonviUe, 
Ky. 

1921  Moore,  W.  B.,  Lisbon,  Ohio. 
1921  Moore,  W.  Chester,  Dillon,  8.  0. 


824 


AMEBICAK   BAB  A8S0CIATI0K. 


■LBOTED 

1921  Ifoore,  W.  L.,  Enid,  Okla. 

1900  Moore,  William  F.,  Quthrie  Center, 

Iowa. 

Itel  lloorer,  Henry  D.,  Bay  Minette,  Ala. 

1919  Moorer,  J.  M.,  Walterboro,  8.  C. 

1896  Ifoores,  Charles  W.,  Indlanapolia,  Ind. 

1898  Moores,  Merrill,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

1910  Moorhead,  Forest  O.,  Beaver,  Pa. 

1913  Moorhead,  Frank  L.,  Boulder,  Colo. 

1911  Moorhead,  Harley  Q.,  Omaha,  Kebr. 
1919  Moorhead,  WUlUm  S.,  Pittaburgb.  Pa. 
1919  Moorman,  Charles  H.,  Louisville,  Ky. 
1919  Moorman,  Robert,  Columbia,  8.  C. 

1921  Moos,  Louis  H.,  New  York,  N.   T. 

1888  Moot,  Adelbert,  BuiTalo,  N.  Y. 

1911  Morales,  Luis  Munos,  San  Juan.  P.  R. 

1922  Moran,  Alice  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Moran,  D.  D.,  Mnllens,  W.  Va. 

1922  Moran,  Edward  F.,  San  Francisco,  Oil. 
1921  Moran,  James  J.,  Portland,  Ind. 

1917  Moran,  James  T.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

1921  Moran,  Nathan,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1917  Moran,  Samuel  F.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Moran,  Samuel  J.,  Chicago,  111. 

1918  Moran,  Thomas  F.,  Reno,  Nev. 

1918  Moraweta.  Victor,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1921  Mordannt,  Roy  J.,  St  Paul,  Minn. 

1909  More,  Clair  E.,  Chicago.  111. 

1921  More,    Walter  T.,   Torrington,   Wyo. 

1922  Morehouse,  H.  V.,  Reno,  Nev. 
1918  Morehouse,  Samuel  C,  New  Haven, 

Conn. 

1922  MoreUnd,   Sherman,   Washington,  D.   C. 

1916  Morey,  Joiwph  H.,  Buffalo,  N.  V 

1916  Morfit,  Mason  P.,  Baltimore,   Md. 

1921  Morgan,   Albert  T.,  Pittsburgh, .  Fenn. 

1918  Morgan,  C.  E..  2M.  Phfladplphla,  Pa. 

1921  Morgan,  Cecil,  Shreveport,  La. 

1918  Morgan,  Daniel  Edgar,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1919  Morgan,  E.  F.,  Charleston,  W.  Va. 

1919  Morgan,  Edmund  Morris,  New  Haven, 

Conn. 

1920  Morgan,  Cleorge  W.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
1907  Morgan,  George  Wilson,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Morgan,  Gilbert,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
1911  Morgan,  Henry  A.,  Albert  Lea,  Minn. 

1920  Morgan,  Ira  F..  Detroit,  Mich. 

1918  Morgan,  Joseph  H.,   Prescott.    Aria. 

1922  Morgan,    Nicholas   Q.,    Salt   Lake   City, 

Utah. 

1889  Morgan,   Randal.   Philadelphia.   Pa. 
1918  Morgan,  Robert  M.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
1911  Morgan,  William  A.,  Providence.  R.  I. 
1916  Morgan,  William  G.,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

1921  Morgan,  William  J.,  Madison,  Wis. 

1914  Morgan,  William  Osgood,  New  York, 

N.  Y. 

1922  Morgrage,  Wllbert,  Lot  Angeles,  Oil. 


MLMonn 

1916  Morl^,  Frank  J.,  MinneapolSs,  Minn. 

19U  Morley,  J.  B.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1916  Morling,  Edgar  A.,  Emmetrimig,  Iowa. 

1014  Morning,  Charles  A.,  Steamboftt  Spriass, 

Colo. 

1920  Morning,  W.  M.,  Lincoln,  Neb. 

1906  Morphy,  B.  Howard,  St  Paul,  Minn. 

1919  Morrill,  Chas.  Sumner,  Ilyannis,  MaMi 
1914  Morrill,  Chester  (Knozrille,  Tenn.), 

Washington,  D.  C. 

1908  Morrill,  Donald  L.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1907  Morrill,  John  A.,  Auburn,  Maine. 

1920  Morrill,  Lowry  L.,  Washington,  D.  O. 

1921  Morrill,  Nahum,  Chicago,  m. 
1916  Morris,  Alvin  A.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
1918  Morris,  Arthur  J.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Morris,  Charles  B.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
1912  Morris,  Charles  J.,  Sioux  Falls,  8.  D. 

1912  Morris,  Charles  M.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
1918  Morris,  Dave  H.,  New  Yorii.  N.  Y. 
1921  Morris,  Douglas,  Ruahville,  Ind. 
1918  Morris,  Effingham  B.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1913  Morris,  Ernest   Denver.  Colo. 

1921  Morris,  Froome,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1918  Morris,   George  F.,  Lancaster,   N.   H. 

1920  Morris,   George  Maurice,  Washington. 
D.  C. 

1911  Morris,  Heman  W.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

1912  Morris,  Henry  C,  Chicago,  lU. 

1922  Morris,  Hugh  M.,  Wilmington,  Dd. 
19S8  Morris,  J.  H.,  San  Frandsoo,  OaL 

1919  Morris,  James  W.,  Jr..  Tampa,  FU. 
1807  Morris,  John,  Fort  Wayne,  Ind. 
1916  Morris,  John  T.,  Carrollton,  Mo. 
1918  Morris,  Leon  B.,  San  Fraadseo,  Od. 

1914  Morris,  Ned  B.,  Houston,  Texas. 
1916  Morris,  Parker  D.,  Boston,  Massu 
1907  Morris,  Robert  C,  New  York.   N.   T. 
1906  Morris,  Roland  S.  (Tokyo,  Japan).  Phila- 
delphia, Pa. 

1921  Morris,  Samuel  EL,  Globe,  Arix. 

1913  Morris,  Samuel  L.,  Jr.,  Fort  Wayne,  lad. 

1914  Morris,  Qylvanus,  Athena,  Ga. 

1913  Morris.  Tosca,  Fairmont  W.   va. 

1914  Morris,  W.  Norman,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 
1928  Morris,  Walter  E.,  Pnnxsutawney,  Pa. 

1921  Morris,    William    J.,    Jr.,    Long   Island 
City,  N.  Y. 

1922  Morrison,  Barnard,  Boston,  Mass. 
1916  Morrison,  Charles  B.,  Chicago.   III. 
1912  Morrison,  Ednnund  D.,  Washington,  Iowa. 
1918  Morrison,  Edwin  R.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
1918  Morrison,  Prank  A.,  Ridgefleld  Park, 

N.  J. 

1922  Morrison,  Fred  W.,   Los  Angeles,  OaL 

1988  Morrison,  Henry  L,  Boston,  Mass. 

1918  Morriaon,  Isidore  D.,  New  York,  K.  T. 

1928  Morriaon,  J.  H.,  New  Boada,  La. 


ALPHABSTICAL  USX  OF  MBMBBBS. 


825 


Ifltt  MOTTiBon,  Lonia  J.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

UQO  MorriwD,  Bobert  B.,  PrcMott,  Arls. 

Utt  MoRiMn,  Bobert  0.,  MinneepoUi,  Mian, 

ins  MorriMD,  WUllem  J.,  Jr.,  Ridfdleld 

Park,  N.  J. 

IMt  Korriaon,  WilUam  L.,  San  Dieso,  Oal. 

1915  llorriaoD,  WUUam  8.,  Beever,  Pa. 
19S2  Morriaon,  Willie  L,  Loa  Angelea,  OaL 
19S2  MorriaKtt,  a  H.,  Bidnnond,  Va. 
IffU  MorriaMgr,  Andrew  M.,  Lincoln,  Nebr. 

1920  Morrow,  Charlea  B.,  8t  Louia,  Mo. 
1919  Morrow,  diarlea  J.,  Tiampa,  Fla. 
1919  Morrow,  Cheater  F.,  Baltimore,  lid. 
1907  MoRow,  Dwigtat  W.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1981  Morrow,  H.  T.,  Loa  Angelea^  Oal. 
1914  Monow,  Hugh,  Birmingham,  Ala. 

1916  MofTOw,  8.  John,  Cnioatown,  Pa. 

1921  Morrow,  Thomea  H.,  Oindmatl,  Ohio. 
1914  Monow,  William,  Seottabluff,  Nebr. 

1914  MoiTow,  WiUiam  W.,  Ban  Franciaco, 

OaL 

1907  Morachauaer,  Joa.,  Poughkeepaie,  N.  Y. 

1912  Moiae,  Charlea  F.,  Chicago,  DL 

1921  Moraa,  Edward  P.,  Chicago,  lU. 

1922  Moiae,  Irl,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

1922  Morae,  Bichard  D.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1894  Moraa,  Waldo  Q.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1911  Moraa.  William  A.,  Boaton,  Maak 

1916  Morae,  William  J.,  Kanaaa  Citjr,  Mo. 

1915  Movaell,  Arthur  L.,  Milwaukee,  Wia. 

1917  Monaj,  Chaae,  St  Louia,  Mo. 
19lf  Marta7»  dyde.  Miami,  OUa. 

1911  Moraman,  Bdgar  M.,  Jr.,  Omaha,  Nebr. 

12C1  Morthland,  D.  ¥.,  Yakima,  Waah. 

1909  Morton,  Elbert  C,  Columbua,  Ohio, 

im  Morton,  Qeorge,  Appaladiia,  Ya. 

ini  Morton,  George  B.,  Mihraukee,  Wia. 

19U  Morton.  Jamca  M.,  Jr.,  Fall  Biver,  Mam. 

1919  Morton,  Jamea  M.,  Sr.,  Fall  River,  Maaa. 

1904  Morton,  Matcoa,  Boaton,  Maaa. 

1911  Morton,  Meyer,  Chicago,  III. 

1921  Morton,  P.  Kemp.,  Charleatoa,  W.  Ya. 

1922  Moabj,  Robert  Q.,  Roanoke,  Ya. 
1922  Moeer,  K  B.,  BeatUe,  Waah. 
1922  Moeer,  Qua  C,  Portland,  Ore. 
191S  Moaea,  Albert  L.,  Alamoaa,  Colo. 
1921  Mooca.  Alfred  S.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Mooaa,  Heniy  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1911  Meeee.  Jacob  M..  Baltimore.  Md. 

1922  Moaea,  Jamea  0.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1912  MoeMohn.  David  N..  New  York.  N.  Y. 
19U  MoAer.  Lewia  E.,  Elmira,  N.  Y. 

1906  Moder,  John  H.,  Muakogee,  Okla. 

1921  Moaa,  B.  H.,  Orangeburg,  S.  C. 

1918  Moaa,  Edgar  B.,  Lfttle  Rock,  Ark. 
1918  Moaa,  Leon  F.,  Loa  Angelea,  Oal. 
1921  Moaa,  Sidney  A.,  Wichita,  Kan. 
Un.  Moaa,  Walter  B.,  Ohioago,  lU. 


19U  Moaa,  William  B.,  Chicago,  111. 

1912  Moaaer.   Edwin  J.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1922  Moaaholder,  W.  J.,  San  Diego,  Oal. 

1981  Mote,  G.  A.,  Marahalltown,  Iowa. 

1921  Mothenead,  Jamea  O.,  Seottabluff,  Neb. 

1922  Motley,  J-  Lothrop»  Boaton,  Maaa. 
1918  Motley,  Warren,  Boaton,   Maaa. 
1922  Mott,  Bmeat  J.,  San  Franciaco,  OaL 
1918  Mott,  John  G.,  Loa  Angelea,  CaL 
1912  Mott,  Mayhew.  Neenab.  Wia. 

1922  Motter,  Benjamin  S.,  Lima,  Ohio. 

1922  Mott-Smith,  E.   D..  Honolulu,   Hawaii 

1921  Mots,  O.  B.,  Akron,  Ohio. 

1911  Mouat.  Maicolir  0.,  Janearille,  Wia. 

1981  Mouliner,  Edward  P.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1922  Moulthrop,  J.  B.,  San  Franciaco,  Oal. 

1916  Moulton.   *  thur  I.,  Portland.  Ore. 
1922  Moulton,  Auguatua  F.,  Pprtland,  Me. 

1917  Moulton,  E.  Butler,  Providence.  R.  L 

1916  Moulton,  Frank  I.,  Chicago,  IlL 

1914  Moulton,  Frank  W.,  Portamouth.  Ohio. 

1921  Moulton,  M.  M.,  Kennewick,  Waah. 

1914  Moulton.  Sherman  R.,  Burlington,  Vt 

1928  Moultrie,  Uoyd  W.,  Loa  Angelea,  OaL 

1921  Mouaer,  Grant  E.,  Marion,  Ohio. 
1914  Mouton,  Orther  C,  Lafayette.  La. 
1911  Mowatt,  Frederick  W.,  Boaton,  Mamu 

1918  Mower,  Edmund  C,  Burlington,  Yt. 
1918  Mbwery,  George  A.,  Loa  Angelea,  OaL 

1918  Mowits,  Amo  P.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1919  Mowry,  Eliaha  C,  Providence,  R.  L 

1918  Moyer,  J.  W.,  Pottaville,  Pa. 

1919  Moyera.  Ida  M.,  Washington.  D.  O. 

1922  Moynihan,   Charlea  J.,   Montroae,   Oolo. 

1920  Moynihan,  Joaeph  A.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
1922  Moyae,  Herman,  Baton  Rouge,  La. 
1922  Mocart,  Justua  F.,  Chicago,  HL 

1919  Moaaor,  Clara  Ruth,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Mueller,  Alfred  C,  Davenport,  Iowa, 

1980  Mueller,  Arthur  A.,  Milwaukee,  Wia. 
1908  Mueller.  Oacar  C,  Loa  Angelea.  CaL 

1918  Muench,  Juliua  T..  St.  Louia.  Mo. 
1911  Muhlfelder.  David.  Albany.  N.  Y; 

1921  Muir,  Jamea  J.,  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 

1917  Hulr,  W.  A..  Rtek  Sprinfea.  Wyo. 
1921  Mulcahy,  Edmond  L.,  Chicago,  IlL 

1919  Muldoon,  Frederick  J..  Boaton,  Maaa. 
1908  Mulkey,  Frederick  W.,  Portland,  Oregon. 

1918  Mullen,  Arthur  F.,  Omaha.  Nebr. 
1914  Mullen.  Jamea  Morflt,  Baltimore.  Md. 

1981  Mullen,  Timothy  F.,  Chicago,  HI. 
1908  Mullen.  William  E.,  Cheyenne,  Wyo. 
1921  Moller,  M.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1918  Muller,  W.  H.,  Dillon,  &  C. 

1921  Mulligan,  George  F.,  Chicago,  HL 

1981  Mulligan,  Henry  C,  Boaton,  Maaa. 

1914  Mulligan,  Wm.  J.,  ThompaonvUle,  Oonn. 

1981  Mullikin,  Addiaon  B.,  BaltinoN,  Md. 


826 


AMEBICAK    BAB  ABeOGIATIOK. 


xViU  Mullln,  Francis  R.,  Boston,  Mtas. 

1913  Mullin,  J.  E.,  Kane.  Ps. 

1921  MuUlns,  E.  W.,  Columbia.  S.  O. 

1917  MuIIins,  Henry,  Marion,  S.  C. 

1921  Ifulqueen,  Michael  J.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1906  Mulvane,  David  W.,  Topeka,  Kana. 

1917  Mulyaney,   William,   Cherokee.   Iowa. 
1908  Munday,  Charles  F.,  Seattle.  Wash. 

1921  Mundt,  John  0.,  Sioux  Falls,  S.  D. 

1922  MungaU.  Daniel.  New  York.  N.  T. 
1919  Mun^r,  Edwin  A.,  Chicago,  111. 
1921  Hunger,  Robert  H.,  Sioux  City,  Iowa. 
1921  Munhall,  William  D.,  Chicago,   HI. 

1921  Munholland,  John  M.,  Monroe.  La. 

1922  Munkelt,  Glen  H.,  San  Diego,  Cal. 
1908  Munn,  George  Ladd,  Freeport,  til. 

1919  Munns.   Harry  P.,  Chicago,   III. 
1922  Munoe,  Miguel  A.,  San  Juan,  P.  R. 
192S  Munsell,   Robert  F.,  Chicago,   HI. 
1886  Munaon,  C.  La  Rue.  Williamsport,  Pa. 
1922  Munaon,  T.   E.,  Sterling,  Colo. 

1922  Muraaky,  Frank  J.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1916  Murchie,  Alexander,  Concord.  N.  H. 

1911  Murchie.  Guy,  Boston,  Mass. 

1921  Murdsugh,    Randolph,    Hampton,    S.    C. 

1916  Murdoch,  Miller,    Portland,   Ore. 

1907  Murdock,  John  S.,  Providence.  R.  I. 
1921  Murdock,   Max,   Streator,   III. 

1920  Murfln.  James  O.,  Detroit.  Mich. 

1921  Murphey,   A.   N.,  Pawhuska,  Okla. 
1921  Murphey,   Robert  B.,  Los  .\ngeles,  Cal. 
1921  Murphy,  Barry  S..  Da^lon,  Ohio. 

1918  Murphy,  Charles  F.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1906  Murphy.  Charles  J..  Grand  Forks,  N.  D. 
1904  Murphy,  Daniel  D.,  Elkador,  Iowa. 

1921  Murphy,   El  wood,   Columbus,  Ohio. 

1913  Murphy,   Francia.  Minot,    N.   D. 

1921  Murphy,  Frank  P.,  Madison,  W.  Va. 

1919  Murphy,  George  B.,  Detroit.  Mich. 

1922  Murphy,  George  W.,  Santa  Rosa,  Cal. 
1921  Murphy,  J.   Edward,   New  York,   N.   Y. 

1921  Murphy,  J.   W.,  Huntingdon,  Tenn. 

1920  Murphy,  James  A.,  Jamestown,  N.  D. 
1906  Murphy,  James  B.,  Seattle,  Wash. 

1922  Murphy,    James    Raymond,    Ida    Grove, 

Iowa. 

1922  Murphy,  John  C,  Portland,  Ore. 

1918  Murphy,  John  J.,  Newark.  N.  J. 

1913  Murphy,  John  J..  Williston,  N.  O. 

1920  Murphy,  John  K.,  Chicago.  111. 

1914  Murphy.  John  L.  V.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1921  Murphy,  John  R.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1921  Murphy,  John  T.,  Covington,  Ky. 

1922  Murphy,  Matthew  W.,  Fargo.  N.  D. 
1922  Murphy,  Patrick  W.,  Eldorado,  Ark. 
IMO  Murphy,  Thomas  F.,  Detroit,  Mich, 
ins  Muvhy.  William  E.»  New  York,  K.  Y. 


SLKTBO 

1920  Murphy,      William     Larkin,      lOsoula. 
Mont. 

192Q  Murrah,  W.  P.,  Memphis,  Tenn.  - 

1907  Murray,  A.  Gordon,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1906  Murray,  Charles  A.,  Seattle,  Waah. 
1922  Murray,  Charles  Frederick,  Chicago,  IB. 

1921  Murray,  Frank  B.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1921  Murray,    George    Welwood,    New   York. 
N.  Y. 

1912  Murray,  Patrick  F.,  Chicago.  111. 
1919  Murray,  Sidiley  C,  Chicago.  HI. 
1914  Murray,  Walter  F.,  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 
1916  Murray,  Wendell  P.,  Boston,  Maas. 

1907  Murrell,  WUliam  M.,  Lynchburg.  Va. 

1913  Murrio,  Jamea  B.,  Carbondale.  Pa. 

1922  Murtagfa,  J.  C,  Waterloo,  Iowa. 
1922  Murtha,  Thomas  F.,  Dickinson,  N.  D. 
1907  Murtha,  Tbomaa  F.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1922  Muaeek,  Louis  J.,  Tsooma,  Wash. 
1922  Muae,  B.  B.,  Dallas,  Tex. 
1922  Mustek,  E.,  Loa  Angelea,  Oal. 
1916  Muskat.  Carl,  Milwaukee,  Wia. 
1922  Muaaer,  Burton,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

1914  Musaer.  Harvey,  Akron,  Ohio. 
1919  Muflsey,  Ellen  Spencer.  Washington. 

D.  C. 

1922  MusBon,  George  H.,  Steele,  N.  D. 

1922  Myers,  Abram  F.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

1916  Myers,  Edwin  F.,  Broken  Bow,  Nebr. 

1916  Myers,  George  H..  Princess  Anne,  Md. 

1922  Myers,  Harvey,  Covington,  Ky. 

1919  Myers,  Hugh  A..  Omaha.  Nebr. 

1919  Myers,  John  Daahiell,  Camden,  V.  J. 

1922  Myers,  Louis  W.,  Loa  Angeles,  Oal. 

1914  Myers,  Oliver  P..  Newton.  Iowa. 

1913  Myera,   R.  Baldwin,   Norfolk'.  Va. 

1916  Myers,  Saul  B.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1912  Myera.  T.  Percy.  Washington,  D.  C. 

1922  Myerson,  Joseph  G.,  New  York.  N.  T. 

1922  Mygatt,  W.  R.,  Santa  Barbara,  Cal. 

1921  Myles,  Thomas  A.,  Fayetteville,  W.  Va. 

1911  Myrick.   N.   Sumner,  Warfiington.   D.    C. 

1912  Naber,  Ehiil  H..  Mayville.  Wia. 

1918  Nadal.  Charles  C,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1919  Naegely.  Henry  B..  Saginaw.  Mich, 
inx)  Nagel,  Charles.  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1922  Nagl,  Joeeph  A.,  Seattle,  Waah. 
1921  Nahin.  Robert  S.,  Chicago,  111. 
1918  Nahter,  Engene  G.,  St.  Louia.  Mo. 

1921  Nairn,  Thomas  O..   Phoenix,   Aria. 
1918  Kslly.  John  A..  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1922  Nance,  John  W.,  Rogers,  Ark. 

1920  Kangle.  John  J.,  St.  Louia,  Mo. 

1921  Napier,  Charlea  R.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1911  Nardin,  William  T.,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

1912  Nssh,  Archie  L.,  Manitowoc,  Wia. 
1912  Nash,  Edwin  G.,  Manitowoc,  Wia. 
1918  Maah,  Frank,  Raleigh.  N.  a 


ALPHABKTICAL  U8T  OF  KSMBXB8. 


827 


1919 


1906 
1919 
1907 
1921 
19U 
1919 
19n 

1917 
1922 
1919 
1907 
1911 
1918 
1921 
1913 


1920 
1919 
1922 
1918 
1919 
1922 
1918 

1917 
1922 


1917 
1918 
1919 
1914 
1922 
1912 
1922 
1910 
1921 
1918 
1909 
1914 
1920 
1982 
1881 
1921 
1922 
1916 
1921 
1916 
1916 
1920 
1921 
1919 


1921 


NaA,  Fredvfck  H.,  Boaton, 
Nash,  Howard  P.,  Brooklyn,  N.  T. 
Nuh,  John  BunMt,  New  York,  N.  T. 
Nuh,  Lynuui  J.,  Manitowoc,  Wis. 
NMh,   Nathaniel  C,  Jr.,  Boaton.  MaM. 
Nathan,  Edgar  J.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
Nathan,  Edgar  J.,  Jr.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
Nathan,  Harold,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Nathan,  Milton  A.,  fian  Franeiaco,  CaL 
Natbanion,    fltnniel    J.,    New    Haven, 

Conn. 
Natwick,  O.  A.,  Wheatland,  W70. 
Naugle,  &   S.,   Sterliny,  Colo. 
Nauman,  J<riin  A.,  Lanoaater,  Pa. 
Naumburg,  Bernard,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Nay,  Frank  N.,  Boaton,  Maai. 
Naylon,  Daniel,  Jr.,  Schenectady,  N.  Y. 
Neagle,  Francia  E.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Neal,  John  F.,  Boaton,  Maak 
Neal,  John  R.,  Knozrille,  Tenn. 
Neal,  Max  K.,  Maniatee,  Mich. 
Nealon,  Thomaa  W.,  Phoenix,  Ariz. 
Neary,  John  F.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Nebeker.  Franklin  K.,  Waahington,  D.  a 
Neblett,  Cblin,  Santa  Fe,  N.  M. 
Neblett,  Wm.  H.,  Loa  Angclea,  Ohl. 
Needham,  Charlea  W.,  Waahington, 

O.  C. 
Needham,  Henry  Ghapnoan,  Walea,  Maaa. 
Needham,  Irrins,  Sacramento,  Oal. 
Needham,  J.  C,  Modesto^  Oal. 
Neely,  J.  Howard,  Mifflintown.  Pa. 
Neely,  Robert  D.,  Omaha,  Nebr. 
Neethe,  John,  Gahraaton,  TCxaa. 
Neff,  George  B.,  York,  Pa. 
Neff,  Porter  J.,  Medford,  Ore. 
Neiger,  J.  J.,  Virginia,  IlL 
Neil,  A.  B.,  Naahville,  Tenn. 
Neil,  M.  M.,  Trenton,  Tenn.       * 
Neilan,  John  F.,  HamDton,  Ohio. 
Neill,  Bmeat,  Batearille.  Ark. 
Neilaon,  William  D.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
NelUa,  Herwyn  R.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
Nelson,  Alfred  0.,  Dunn  Center,  N.  D. 
Nclaon,  Arthur  B.,  St.  Paul,  Mirni. 
Nelaon,  Arthur  William,  Chicago,  111. 
Nelson,  Ben  B.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
Nelaon,  Dario  U.,  Loa  Angelea.  Oal. 
Nelaon,  Earl  F..  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Nelaon,  Edward,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Nelaon,  Fred  W.,  St.  Johns,  Aria. 
Nelaon,   George  A.,   Decatur,   Ala. 
Nelson,  George  B.,  Stevens  Point,  Wia. 
Nelson,  Harold  B.,  Rugby,  N.  D. 
Nelson,  James  E.,  Phoenix,  Ariz. 
Nelaon,  Leon  M.,  Richmond*  Va. 
Nelaon,  Lewia  8L,  Worthington,  Minn. 
Nelaon,  B.  A.,  Blytheville,  Ark. 


1919  Nelaon,  Ralph  8w,  Oocur  d'Alene,  Idaho. 
1921  Nelson,  Rebtft  N.,  MadiMn,  Wia. 

1918  Nelaon,  Roacoe  C,  Portland,  Oregon. 

1921  Nelson,  Thomas  R.,  Dnpree,  8.  D. 

1921  Nelson,  William,  Boaton,  Masa. 

1911  Nelson,  William  S.,  ColumbU,  a  O. 

1921  Nergaid,  Edwin  J.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1921  Ncabitt,  Frank  W..  Wheeling,  W.  Va. 

1921  Neabitt,  Jamea  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Neamith,  C.  C,  Mmingham,  Ala. 

1982  Ncmith,  Fisher  H.,  Boaton,  Maas. 

1914  Neterer,  Jeremiah,  Seattle,  Waah. 

1921  Netherton,  Rose  DeWitt,  Chicago,  111. 

1918  Neuberger,  David  M.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1021  Neuendorffer,    RudoU    O.,    New    York, 
N.  Y. 

1921  NeulTer,    Paul    A.,    Chicago,   HI. 

1917  Neun,  Walter  J.  G..  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1911  Neville,  Arthur  C,  Green  Bay,  Wia. 
1913  Nevin,  D.  W.,  Easton.  Pa. 

1913  Nevin,  Robert  R.,  Dayton,  Ohiow 

1920  Kevins.  Franklin,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1806  New,  Alexander,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  New.  Jacob  S.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1918  Xewbegin,  Robert,  Toledo,  Ohio. 

1916  Newbourg.   Frederick  C,   Jr.,   Philadel- 

phia, Pa. 

1921  Newby.  Qyraa,  RiUsboro,  Ohio. 

1920  Newby,  Harry  A.,  Chicago,  111. 

1922  Newby,  Nathan,  Los  Angeles,  Oal. 

1912  Newcomb.  George  Eddy,  Chicago,  HI. 
1912  Newcomb.  H.  T..  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1922  Newcomb,  JosUh  T.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1919  Newcomb,  Lincoln  H.,  Eastport,  Me. 

1921  Newcomb,  Paul  R.,  Milwaukee,   Wis. 

1914  Newcomb,  R.  B.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1911  Newell,  Jamea  M..  Boston,  Maai. 
1918  Newell,  Sterling,  aeveland,  Ohio. 
1907  Newell.  William  H.,  Uwiston,  Maine. 

1917  Newell,  Wirt  W.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 
1921  Newey,   Frederick  J.,  Chicago,   HI. 
1021  Newgaas,  George  W.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Newhouae,-  Hugo  D.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1909  Newlin,  Oumcy  E.,  Loa  Angelea,  Cal. 
1914  Newlin,  William  B.,  McKeesport,  Pa. 
1921  Newman,  Charlea  H.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

1910  Newman,  Claire  B.,  Jackann.  Tenn. 

1921  Newman,  Eugene,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1918  Newman,  F.   M.,  Brady,  Texaa. 
1918  Newman,  Emanuel,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Newman,  Harold  L.,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 
1008  Newman,  Jacob,  Chicago,  HI. 

1920  Newman,  John  W.,  Little  Rock.  Ark. 

1921  Newman,  Juliua  Austen,  Detroit,  Mich. 
1921  Newman,  Raymond,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1921  Newmark,  Milton,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 
1921  Newmyer,  Alvin  L.,  Washington,  D.  C 

1912  Newton,  Charlea  E.  M.,  Evanston,  HL 


828 


AMERICAN   BAB  ABfiOCIATION. 


1919  Newton,  ClarcDce  L..  Boston,  Mmi. 

1920  Newton.  Durbin,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1914  Newton,  Walter  H.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

1921  Neylan,    John    Ftands,    San    Franciaoo, 

CM. 

1916  Nibley,  Joel,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

1915  Niccolls,  Francis  A.,  Bocton,  Mass. 

1916  Nice,  Harry  W.,  Baltimore,  Md. 
19Z1  Nichols,  Allen  B.,  Batavia,  Ohio. 

1920  Nichols,  Charles  W.,  Lansing,  Mich. 

1921  Nichols,  Cnarence  W.,  Indianapolis,  bid. 
1921  Nichols,  Clark,  Eufaula,  Okla. 

1921  Nichols,  Elmer  E.,  Berkeley,  Cal. 

1922  Nichols,  Oeorere  E.,  Ionia,  Mich. 
1886  Nichola,  Oeorse  L.f  New  York.  N.  T. 
1897  Nichols,   H.   S.   Prentiss,   Philadelphia, 

Pa. 

1914  Nichols,  Hngh  L.,  Batavia,  Ohio. 

1922  Nichols,  J.  W.  A.,  Tacoma,  Wash. 

1920  Nichols,  James  H.,  Baker.  Ore. 

1921  Nichola,  John  R.,  Beaton,  Mass. 
1919  Nichola,  Philip,  Boston.  Mass. 

1917  Nichols,  R.  H.,  Casper,  Wyo. 

1918  Nichols,  Warren.  Chicago,  111. 

1921  Nicholson,     Frank    S.,     Niagara     Falls, 

N.  Y. 

1921  Nicholson,   John  R.,   Chicago,   111. 

1921  Nicholson,  Y.  O..  Yakima,   Wash. 

1921  Nickerson,   E.    S.,   Papillion,   Neb. 

1921  Nicol,   C.   B..   Alexandria,   Va. 

1918  Nicol,  Henry  0.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1918  Nicola,  Benjamin  D..  Cleveland.  Ohio. 

1921  Nicolai,  Joseph  H.,  Springfield,  111. 
1907  Nicoll,  De  Lancey,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1896  NIcolaon,  John,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1899  Nields.  John  P.,  Wilmington,  Del. 

1922  Nielsen,  Fred.  K.,  Washington,  D.  O. 
1921  Nieman,  Howard  H.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1918  Niemann,  James  P.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Niemeyer,  Orover  C,  Chicago,  111. 

1922  Nieto.  I.   P.,  Napa,  Cal. 

1907  Nieaer.  Charles  M..  Fort  Wayne.  Ind. 

1904  Niles,  Alfred  8..  Baltimore.   Md. 

1901  Niles.  Henry  C.,  York.  Pa. 

1917  Niles.  William  W.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1922  Nilon.  Prank  M.,  Oraas  Valley,  Cal. 

1919  Nilason,  George  W..  Pr<«cott,  Aria. 

1918  Niman.  Charles  A.,  Clereland,  Ohio, 
1922  Nimocks.  Q.  K..  Fayettevllle,  N.  0. 
1921  Nims,  Harry  D.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Nisbitt.  R.  H.,  Akron,  Ohio. 
1914  Nitzel.  Henry  M..  Baltimore.  Md. 

1917  Niven.  John  M..  Milwaukee.  Wis, 

1922  Nix,  Jno.  D.,  New  Orleans,  La. 
1916  Noah.  H.   A..  Alva,  Okla. 

1919  Noble,  E    T.,  Okmulgee,  Okla. 

1918  Noble,  Edward  T..  Scranton,  Pa. 
1918  Noble,  Fred  B..  Jackaonville,  Pit. 


1921  Noble,  H.  Lawrence,  MtoJla,  P.  L 
1908  Noble,  Herbert,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1916  Noble,  John,  Boston,  Mass. 

1922  Nchle,   Osee  W.,   Oolville,   Waah. 

1922  Noble,   Robert  H.,  San  Franciaoo,   Oal. 

1918  Noble,  Wflliam  M.,  Boston.  Maas. 

1918  Noel,  Edmund  F.,  Lexington,  Misi. 

1899  Noel,  James  W.,  Indianapolla,  Ind. 

1920  Noell,  Charles  Preston,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1906  NoflMnger,  W.  N.,  KalispeU.  Mont 

1918  Noftzger,  Thomas  A.,  Widiita,  Sana. 

1916  Nohl,  Walter  U.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1918  Nohin,  Barry  T.,  Palnesville,  Ohio. 

1919  Nolan,  Jamea  E.,  Fort  Worth,  Texas. 

1920  Nolan,  John  A.,  St.  Louia,  Ma 
1918  Nolan,  John  R.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1911  Nolan,  Thonus  8..  Janeaville.  Wia. 

1921  NoU,  Robert  M.,  Marietta,  Ohio. 

1928  Noonan,  Michael  J.,  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y. 

1922  Noone,  Charlea  A,  Chattanooga,  Teim. 
1918  Norblad,  A.  W.,  Aatoria,  Oregon. 

1918  Norcroaa,  Frank  H.,  Reno,  Nev. 
1916  Noreroa,   Frederic  F.,  Chicago,  III. 

1921  Norden,  Gabriel  J.,  Chicago,  111. 
1928  Nordlin,  George.  St  Paul,  Minn. 

1922  Nordllngcr,  H.  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1919  Norman,  Edwin  Q.,  Worcester,  Masau 
1919  Norman,  George,  Hamburg,  Ark. 

1912  Norman,  J.  V.,  Louiavflle,  Ky. 

1922  Normandin,  Fortunat  B.,  Laoonia,  N.  H. 

1918  Norria,  G.   Heide,  Philadelphia,   Pa. 
1912  Norria,  Herbert  M.,  Iron  wood.  Mcfa. 

1919  Norria,  Hemdon  J.,  Presoott,  Arfi. 

1912  Nonis,  James  L.,  Washington,  D.  O. 
1921  Norria,  Jean  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1906  Norria,  Mark,  Grand  Rapida,  Midi. 

1919  Norria,  T.  G.,  Prescott,  Arts. 

1916  Norris,  Thomss  J.,  Philadelphia,  Ps. 
1928  North,  H.  H.,  Berkeley,  GU. 

1918  North,  H.  M.,  Jr.,  Columbia,  Pa. 
1911  North,  Jerome  Reynolda,  Green  Bay, 

Wis. 

1921  North,  John  C,  Oorpua  Ohristl,  Tacam, 

1907  Northcutt,   Jease  G.,   Denver,   Colo. 

1920  Northcutt,  William  A.,  Louisville,  KT- 
1914  Northrop,    Claudian    B.,    Waablngtoo 

D.  O. 

1922  Northnip,  John  E.,  Chicago,  IlL 

1921  Northrup,  Seaman  F.,  Watklna,  N.  T. 

1922  Norton,  C.  W.,  Forrest  City.  Ark. 

1913  Norton.  B.  M.,  Healdsburg.  Cal. 
1921  Norton,  E.  Miles,  Crown  Point,  Ind. 

1914  Norton,  George  P..  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
1914  Norton,  J.  K.  M.,  Alexandria.  Va. 
1914  Norton,  Ralph,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1908  Norton,  T.  J..  Chicago,  III. 

1919  Norton,  W.  Ben,  MttUins,  8.  O. 

1917  Norvell,  Waiiam  B.,  Jr.,  NadivOle, 


ALPHABETTICAL   LIST   OF   MEMBEBS. 


829 


1011 
1911 

im 

1911 
1912 
1916 
19S1 
1921 
1922 
1918 
1911 
190t 
1914 
1920 
1929 
1914 
1921 
1904 
1921 
1921 

1906 
1920 
1906 


1919 
l9tSi 
1918 
1922 
1922 
1914 
1919 
1921 
1916 
1918 
1921 
19n 
1920 
1916 
1916 
1918 
1921 
1918 
1922 
1921 
1911 
1918 
1920 
1918 
1916 
1981 
1914 
1918 
1907 
1921 
1921 
1921 


Norwood,  0.  Augustm,  Boston,  Mas. 
Norwood,  CvUde,  New  York,  N.  T. 
Noetdal,  L.  R.»  Riitt^,  N.  D. 
NottiBfhara,   Edwin,  ^yracuae.   N.   Y. 
Nourae,  Clinton  L.«  Dea  Moinea.  Iowa. 
Nonrae,  Jamca  B.,  Kanaaa  Citjr.  Mo. 
Nourae,  Paul,  Loa  Angelea,  Oal. 
Novak,   Oharlea  E.,    Rutland,   Vt. 
Norick,  Philip,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Nowlin,  Olande,  St.  Loaia,  Mo. 
Noxon.  Jobn  P.,  Pittafleld,  Maaa. 
Noyea,  George  P.,  Portland,  Maine. 
Nuckolla,  Elbert  L..  Payetterille,  W.  Ya. 
Nugent,  Antlionsr  P.,  Kanaaa  City,  Mo. 
Nugent,  J.  E.,  Kanaaa  aty.  Mo. 
Nunn,  D.  A.,  Crockett,  Texaa. 
NoUen,  Wesley  L.,  Detroit,  Ifich. 
Notter,  George  R.,  Boaton,  Maaa. 
Nutter,  Tkevoy,  Pairmont,  W.  Va. 
Nutting,    nranklin    P.,    flan    Pranciaco, 

CM. 
Nuaum,   Ridiard  W..  Spokane,  Waah. 
Nyce,  Peter  Q.,  Denver,  Oolo. 
Nye,  Carroll  A.,  Moorhead,  Minn. 
Nye,  George  L.,  Denver,  Oolo. 
Nye,  Walker  H.,  Cleveland.  Ohia 
Nyka,  Leon  O.,  Obicago,  HI. 
Oakee,  A.  Bliaa,  Cleveland.  Ohio. 
Oakley,  P.  D.,  Ticoma,  WaA. 
Oatman,  O.  H.,  San  Frandaco,  Gal. 
Obear,  Hngb  H.,  Washington.  D.  C. 
Ober,  Prank  B.,  Baltimore.  Md. 
Obcrdorfer,  A.  Leo,  Birmingbaro,  Ala. 
Gberlin,  Jobn  P.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
Obersehelp.  Henry  H.,  St.  Loula,  Mo. 
Oberatein,  Abraham,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Oberwager,  Obarlea  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
O'Brfan.  John  Lord,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
O'Brien,  Arthur  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
O'Brien,  Denia  T..  Jr.,  Meriden.  Conn. 
O'Brien,  Dennia  P..  New  York,  N.  Y. 
O'Brien,  E.  R.,  Oelwein,  Iowa. 
O^Brien,  Edward   B..   Lynn,   Maaa. 
O'Brien,  J.  M.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
O'Brien,  Jamea  E.,   Dea  Moines,  Iowa. 
O'Brien,  Jamea  E.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
O'Brien,  Jdbn  E.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
O'Brien,  John  P.,  Terre  Haute.  Ind. 
O'Brien,  John  H.,  Worcester,  Maaa. 
O'Brien,  John  J.,  St.  Loula,  Mo. 
O'Brien,  John  P.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
O'Brien,  M.  RiAert,  Detroit,  Mich. 
O'Brien,  Martin,  Clookaton,  Minn. 
O'Brien,  Morgan  J.,  New  Yor! ,  N.  Y. 
O'Brien,  P.  H.,  Houghton,  Mich. 
O'Brien,  R.  J.,  Independence,  Iowa. 
O'Brien,  Raymond  H.,  Oolumbua,  Ohio. 
O'Brien,  SeldOB  W.,  Manila,  P.  I. 


1916 
191S 
1922 
1918 
1886 

1021 
1922 
1911 
1921 
1913 

1920 
1921 
1904 
1921 
1921 
1916 
1922 
1915 
1918 

1919 
1911 
1922 
1909 
1912 
1920 
1919 

1918 
1912 
1916 
1922 
1921 
1912 
1921 
1919 
1921 
1912 

1922 
1914 
1922 
1921 
1919 
1910 
1920 
1922 
1907 
1922 

1914 
1921 
1886 
1912 


O'Brien,    Tbomaa    C,    Boaton,    Maaa. 
O'Brien,  Thomu  D.,  Holyoke,  Maaa. 
O'Brien,  Tbomaa  D.,  St.  ,Paul,  Minn. 
O'Brien,  Tbomaa  E.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
O'Brien,   Tbomaa  J.,   Grand   Rapida, 

Mich. 
O'Brien,  William  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
O'Brien,  William  J.,  Loa  Angeles,  Oal. 
O'Brien.  William  J.,  Jr.,  Baltimore  Md. 
O'Brien,  William  P.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
O'Brien,    William    S.,    Buckhannon, 

W.  Va. 
O'Bryan,  J.  D..   Klngatree,  8.  O. 
O'Bryan,  S.  Oliver.  Manning,  8.  O. 
O'Byrne,  M.  A.,  Savannah,  Ga. 
O'Byme,  Roacoe  C.,  Brookaville,  Ind. 
Ochiltree,  Robert  M.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
O'Connell.  Bernard  J..  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
O'Oonnell,  D.  J..  Towner,  N.  D. 
O'Connell,  Daniel  T.,  Boston,  Maaa. 
O'Connell,  Geoffrey  C,  Los  Angeles, 

Ckl. 
O'Connell,  James  E.,   Boston,  Maaa. 
O'Oonnell,  Joaeph  P.,  Boaton.  Mass. 
O'Oonner,   Oharlea  A.,  Spokane,   Waah. 
O'Connor,  Chariea  J..  Chicago,  HI. 
0'Q)nnor,  Chariea  Leo,  BulTalo,  N.  Y. 
O'Connor,  U.  Baail,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
O'Connor,  Edward  De  YalUe,  Providence. 

R.  I. 
O'Connor,  Prank  A.,  Dnbuque.  Iowa. 
O'Connor.  George  E.,  Eagle  River.  Wia. 
O'Connor,  J.  P.  T.,  Grand  Porka.  N.  D. 
O'Connor,  J.  Robert,  Los  Angeles,  (hi. 
O'Connor,  Jamea  P.,  Livingaton,  Mont. 
O'Connor,  John.  Chicago,  111. 
O'Connor,  John  J.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
O'Connor,  Jobn  M.,  Chicago.  HI. 
O'Connor,  Joaeph  J.,  L'Anae.  Mich. 
O'Connor,  Mylea  Powera,  NaahviUe, 

Tenn. 

O'Connor,   Tbomaa,  Emmetaburg,   Iowa. 
Octigan,  Thomaa  P.,  Chicago,  IIL 
O'Day,  Paul  M.,  Dallaa,  Texaa. 
Oddie,  Clarence  M.,  San  Frandaco,  Oal. 
Odell,  WUliam  H.,  Sapulpa,  Okla. 
Odom,  Patrick  H.,  Jackaonville,  Pla. 
O'Donnell,  Canton.  Denver,  Colo. 
O'DonneU,  Frank  P.,  Boston.  Mass. 
O'Donnell.  Joaeph  A.,  Chicago.  HI. 
O'DonneU,    Joseph    B.,    Ban   Pmnciaoo, 

OaL 
O'DonneU,  Martin  J.,  Kanaas  City.  Mo. 
O'DonneU,  Paul  M.,  Chicago,  HI. 
O'Donnell,  Thomaa  J.,  Denver,  OOlo. 
O'Donnell.  Thomaa  W.,  Vernal,  Utah. 
O'Donnell,  WlUlam  T.,  Fairfield,  Ch\. 


830 


AK£BICAN    BAB    ASSOOIATION. 


BLIOnD 

IflSS  O'Donogline,    Daniel    W.,    WUhington, 

D.  0. 

1911  O'Dunne,  Eugene,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1918  O'Dwyer,  Edward  F.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1911  Oelaod,  laaac  R.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1916  Oestreich,  Otto  A.,  Janesville,  Wig. 

1916  Officer,  W.  R..  Livingston,  Tenn. 

1918  OlTut,  George  W.,  Jr.,  Washington, 

D.  C. 

1907  Oifutt,  T.  Scott,  Towson,  Md. 

1913  Ofner,  Jacob  B.,  Portland,  Oregon. 

1919  Offbum,  Charlton,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1911  Ogden,  Hugh  W.,  Boston,  Maw. 

1921  Ogilby,  C.  F.  R.,  Washington,  D,  0. 

1922  Ogilvie,  George  S.,  St.  Paul.  Minn. 

1911  O'Oorman,  James  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1913  O'Qrady,  James  M.  E.,  Rochester.  N.  Y. 
1918  Ogren,  John  W.,  Chicago,  111, 

1922  Ohannesian,  Aram,  Fresno,  Cal. 

1922  Ohannesian,  J.  George,  Fresno^  Gal. 

1920  O'Hara,  John  J.,  Menominee,   Mich. 

1913  O'Hara.  Joseph  W.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1922  O'Hara,   Russell  F.,   Vallejo,  Gal. 

1908  O'Harra,   Apollos  W.,   Carthage.  111. 

1914  Ohl.   Guy  T.,   Youngstown,  Ohio. 
1922  Ohman,  John  N.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

1921  Ohmart,  Junius  V.,  Portland,  Oreg. 

1920  Oiler,  Fred  D..  Tulsa,  ^kla. 

1921  O'Keefe,  Arthur  B.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

1922  O'Keefe,  James  E.,  San  Diego,  Gal. 
1922  O'Keefe,  James  T.,  Redwood  City,  Oal. 

1912  O'Keeffe,  P.  J..  Chicago.  111. 

1911  Old,  William  W,,  Jr..  Norfolk,  Va. 
1914  Oldham.  L.  E..  Oxford.  Miss. 
1922  Oldham,  R.  C,  Richmond,  Ky. 
1908  Oldham,   R.   P.,  Seattle.   Wash. 

1912  Olds,  Robert  Edwin,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

1918  Olds.  Walter  F.,  Chicago.  HI. 

1916  O'Leary.  W.  F.,  Great  Falls,  Montana. 
1920  O'Leary,  Wilfrid,  Cheyenne,  Wyo. 
1911  Olin,  John  M.,  Madison.  Wis. 

1919  Oliphant,  Herman,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1917  Olive,  Percy  J.,  Apex,  N.  C. 

1920  Oliver.  Allen  Laws.  Cape  Girardeau,  Mo. 
1916  Oliver.  Arthur  L.,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

1922  Oliver,  Boyd,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1914  Oliver,  E.  S..  Florence.  S.  C. 

1913  Oliver,  FVank  M..  Savannah.  Ga. 

1920  Oliver,   O.   B..   Coming.    Ark. 

1921  Oliver,  George  W.,  Bartow,  Fla. 
1919  Oliver,  H.  G.,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 

1922  Oliver,  James  M.,  Ban  Francisco,  CaL 

1919  Oliver.  L.  Stauffer.  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1918  Oliver,  Paul  Q.,  Westfield.  N.  J. 
1916  Oliver.  R.  B.,  Cape  Girardeau.  Mo. 

1914  Oliver.    Robert   Burett.   Jr.,   Cape 

Girardeau.  Mo. 

1920  Oliver,  Robert  T.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


1914  Olivier,  Pierre  D..  New  Oileau,  La. 

19U  Olliphant,  Horace  K.,  Bartow,  Fla. 

1921  Olliphant,  Horace  K.,  Jr.,  Bartow,  Fla. 

1906  Olmstead,  James  M.,   Boston,  Maaa. 

1921  Olmstead,  Oscar  D.,  Winner,  S.  D. 

1913  OIncy,  Warren,  Jr.,  San  Franeiaoo,  Oal. 

1913  O'Loughlin,  Patrick,  Boston,  Mas. 

1919  Olson,  Conrad  P.,  Portland,  Ore. 
1913  Olson,    Harry,    Chicago.   III. 
1913  Olson,  Julius  J.,  Warren,  Minn. 
1921  Olson,  0.  O.,  Chicago,  111. 

1921  Omacht,  George  W.,  South  Bend,  Ind. 

1920  O'Mara.  Thomas  F.,  Terre  Haute,  Ind. 

1922  O'Meara,  Edward  P.,  New  Haven,  Oonn. 

1919  O'Melveny,  Henry  W.,  Los  Angelee,  Cnl. 

1920  O'Melveny,  Stuart,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
1919  Omohundro,  M.  H.,  Richmond,  Va. 

1908  O'Neal,  Emmett,  Birmingham,  Ala. 
1919  O'Neal,  L.  Burke,  Montgonmy,  W.   Va. 
1922  O'Neal,  M.  E.,  Bainbridge,  Oa. 

1918  O'Neil,  A.  F.,   Akron,  Ohio. 
1922  O'Neil,  Robert  K.,  San  Jose,  Cal. 
1922  O'Neill,  Eugene  M..  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
1901  O'NeUl,  Harry  B.,  SUpleton.  Nebr. 

1919  O'Neill,   Hugh,  Chicago,  HL 

1916  O'Neill,  James  T.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

1918  O'Neill,  Wilbert  John,  aeveland.  Olito. 

1916  Onen,  Bernard  J.,  Battle  Ck«ek,  Mich. 

1911  Ong,  Eugene  W.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1913  Ong,  Walter  C,  Pasadena,  Cal. 

1922  O'Niell,  Charles  A.,   New  Orleans.  La. 

1890  Opdyke,  William  8..  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1913  Oppenheiro,  Benjamin  W.,  Boise,  Idako. 

1921  Oppenheim,   Sidney,   Chicago,   HL 

1921  Oppenheimer,     Benton    S.,    Cancinnati. 
Ohio. 

1913  Oppenheimer,  Wm.  H.,  St  Paul.  Minn, 
1921  O'Quin,  Leon,  Shreveport,  La. 

1921  Ordway,  8.  0.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

1922  Ordway,  Samuel  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1922  O'Rear,  Edward  0.,  Frankfort,  Ky. 
1918  O'Reilly.  ,»ohn  J.,  Brockton.  Ma«. 

1921  O'Rieley*  M.  W.,  Cedar  Rapids.  Iowa. 

1912  Orlady,  George  B.,  Huntingdon.  Pa. 
1928  Ormsby,  Alfred  &,  Martines,  Osl. 
1918  Ormsby.  F.  R.,  Akron.  Ohio. 

1922  Ombaun,  Oasper  A.,  San  Franctscoi,  OaL 
1916  O'Rourke,  John  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1914  Orr.  Charles  P.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
1922  Orr,  George  A.,  Niagara  Falla,  N.  T. 
1922  Orr,  H.  F..  Ventura,  CaL 

1921  Orr,  Harry  H.,  Muncie,  Ind. 

1909  Orr,  Issac  H.,  St.  Lonia,  Mo. 
1906  Orr.  James  W..  Atchison,  Kansb 

1922  Orr,  John  B.,  Tacoma,  Wash. 
1918  Orr,  John  &,  Reno,  Ner. 
1912  Orr,  Louis  T.,  Chicago,  U. 
1921  Orr,  Pence  B.,  Joliet,  la 


AIiPHABBTICAL  LIST  OF   MSMBXS8. 


881 


«L1tCTK» 

1914  OiT,  W.  J.,  gprincfldd.  Mo. 

1022  Orr,  WUllain  B.,  Lm  Vegai,  N«t. 

1981  OrreU,   Arthur  B.,  Holyoke,  Ifui^ 

1904  Orrick,  Allen  C,  9t.  Louit,  Ifo. 

1916  Orrl(<k,  William  H.,  San  Franciico,  CaL 

1916  Ortbweln,  William  R..  St.  Louia,  llo. 

1917  Orta»y&,  Daniel  H..  EvanavUI*.  Ind. 
1916  Orton,  L.   V.,   Pawnee,  Okla. 

19n  Orwig,   Ralph,   Dea  llbinei,   Iowa. 

1921  O17,  Benjamin,  New  Orleana,  La. 
1914  Oabom,  William  Church,  New  York, 

N.  Y. 

1918  Oabome,  Hany  V.,  Newark,  N.  J. 

1918  Oabome,  Ujriia  H.,  New   York,  N.    Y. 

1919  Oabome,   Thomas  Samuel,   Fort  Smith. 

Arte 

1922  Oabome,  W.  P.,  Jadnonville,  PU. 
1914  Oebum,  Frank  C,  Pittaburgh.  Pa. 
1911  Oaenton,  C.  W.,  Fayetteville,  W.  Va. 
1921  Oagood,  Boy  0.,  Chicagro,  111. 

1911  Oifood.  William  K.,  Boston,  Mam. 

1911  O'Shaunemy,  Georse  F.,  Providence, 

R.  I. 

1918  O'Shea,  Ambroae  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  O'Shea,  Jamea  A.,  Wadiington,  D.  0. 

1912  Oamond.  William,  Great  Bend,  Kans. 

1920  Otterfaotia,     Louis    H.,     Grand     Haven, 

Mich. 

1921  O'Sullivan,      Bogene     T.,      Torringtoo, 

Conn. 

1919  O'SuIIfran,  P.  W.,  Prescott,  Ariz. 

1921  O'Sulllvan.   Patrick  B.,   Derby,  Oonn. 

1922  Otis,  B.  B.,  Lincoln,  Neb. 

1922  Otis,  Edwin  M..  San  Francisco,  Oal. 

1921  Otis,  Fred  A.,  Providence,  R.  I. 

1921  Otis,  Merrill  B.,  Jefferson  City,  Mo. 

1922  OToole,  John  J.,  San  Francisco,  GaL 
1921  OTbole,  Mary,  Washington,  D.  C. 

1919  Ott.  John^Nash.  Chicaso.  HI. 

1921  Ott,  Magee  W.,  Franklinton,  La. 
1928  Otto,  J.  M.,  Iowa  City,  Iowa. 

1922  Otto,  Ralph,  Iowa  City,  Iowa. 
1868  Ottofy,  L.  Frank.  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1908  Otts,   Comelhn,   Spartanburg.   S.   C. 
1921  Ontcault,  Dudley  C,  Washington,  D.  0. 
19SU  Outcault,  Miller,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1916  Ouzts.  D.  A.  G..  Greenwood,  S.  C. 
1911  Overall.  John  H..  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

19n  Overall,  Sidney  B.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1921  Oveibeck,  W.  J.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1918  Overlander.  Rufus  M.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
ion  Overson,  Jsmea  L.,  Kokomo,  Ind. 

1922  Overton,  Eugene,  Los  Angeles,   GaL 
1921  Overton,  John  H.,  Alexandria,  La. 
19(19  Overton,   Winston,   New  Orleans,  La. 
I9te  Owen.  Clifford  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1916  Owen.  F.  C,  Colnmbus,  Miss. 

1920  Owen.  Jamea,  Denver,  Colo. 

37 


1921  Owen,  I^ecUo  J.,  Leroy,  lU. 

1918  Owen,  Stanton,  Laoonia,  N.  H. 

1921  Owen,  Thomas  B.,  Urliana,  Ohio. 

1922  Owen,  Walter  a.  Madison.  Wia. 

1921  Owen,  W.  L.,  Covington,  Tenn. 
1920  Owen,  William  A..  Covington,  Tenn. 

1922  Owena,  Bvefett,  Denver,  Colo. 
1914  Owena,  Fred  B.,  Denton,  Md. 
1888  Owena,  George  W.,  Savannah,  Ga. 

1920  Owens^  Grover  T.,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 
1922  Owena,  Madiaon  T.,  Whittier,  Cal. 
1922  Owena,  William  G.,  WfUiston,  N.  D. 
1909  Oxtoby,  James  V.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1909  Oxtoby,  Walter  E.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
1911  Oyler,  F.  J.,  lola,  Kansi 

1922  Odas,  G.  M.,  Fresno,  GaL 

1911  Pace,  Frank,  Uttle  Rock,  Ark. 

1912  Pace,  Troy.  Los  Angeles,  Csl. 

1921  Ptack,   ^rold  J.,   Waahington,   D.   O. 
1908  Packard,  George,  Chicago,  111. 

1914  Packard,  Joseph,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1918  Packard,  Sperry  S.,  Puebk>,  Colo. 

1910  Paddock,  W.  B.,  Fort  Worth,  Texaa. 
1908  Paden,  Joseph  E.,  Chicago,  111. 

1912  Padgett,  Beale  Edward,   Everett.   Wash 

1913  Page,  Alfred  R.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1922  Page,  Benjamin  B.,  Los  Angeles,  GaL 

1911  Page,  Cecil.  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Page,  E.  J.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 
1910  Page,  Edwin  C,  Evergreen,  Ala. 
1921  Page,  Edwin  L.,  Concord,  N.  H. 

1912  Page.  Ernest  C,  Omaha,  Nebr. 

1900  Page.  George  T.,  Chicago.  111. 

1910  Page,  Gerald  H.,  Peoria,  Til. 

1921  Page,  Henry  C,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
1903  Page.  Howard  W..  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
1020  Page,  Jay  W.,  Elkhora,  Wia. 

1922  Page,  L<egh  R.,  Richmond,  Ya. 
1896  Page,  Rosewell.  Richmond.  Va. 
1888  Page,  Thomaa  Nelson  (Washington. 

D.  C),  Rome,  lUly. 

1911  Page.  William  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1914  Paget,  Benjamin  S..  Detroit.  Mich. 
1921  Paige,  a  A.,  Wheatland,  Wyo. 

1901  Paige,  Jamea.  Minneapolia,  Mfnn. 
1920  Pailthorp,  Charles  J..   Petoskey,  Mich. 

1911  Psine,  Bayard  H.,  Grand  Island.  Nebr. 

1912  Paine,  Karl.  Boise,  Idaho. 

1913  Paine,  Willis  S.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1920  Painter,  Earl  H..  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

1921  Painter,  Graham  C,  Charleston,  W.  Va. 
1921  Painter,  Uoyd,  Streator.  III. 

1911  Palda.  L.  J.,  Jr.,  Minot.  N.  D. 

1921  Pallotti,    Francis    A.,    Hartford,    Oonn. 

1919  Palmer,  A.  Mitchell,  Washington,  D.  C. 
1918  Palmer,  Bradley  W.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1916  Palmer,  Clarence  S.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

1922  Palmer,  D.  B.,  Topeka,  Kanaaa. 


83)B 


AMERICAN   BAB  AS80GIAT10N. 


1»17 
102E 
iSSS 
1922 
1918 
1918 
1909 
1912 
1921 
1921 
1912 
1928 
1917 
1922 
1922 
1922 
1922 
1907 
1912 

1912 
1918 
1912 
1821 
1910 
1919 
1921 
1914 
1896 
1921 
1911 
1922 
1922 
1921 
1904 
1921 
1917 
1908 
1909 
1980 
1921 
1921 
1910 
1904 
1917 
1980 
1911 
1920 
1908 


1911 
1919 
1918 
1880 

1918 


Palmer,  EriMet,  Ghleaco^  lU. 
Palmer,  H.  B.,  NuiiTille,  Ttnn. 
Palmer,  Henry  W.,  Botton,  Maai 
Palmer,  Herbert  D.,  Qereland,  Ohio. 
Palmer,  J.  M.,  Mapa,  Oal. 
Palmer,  James  G.,  Shreveport,  La. 
Palmer,  John  0.,  Jr.,  Wheeling,  W.  Ya, 
Palmer,  Jonathan,  Jr.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
Palmer,  Walter  Gttrtia,  Bacine,  Wis. 
Paltur,  Oharles  W.,  Ghicago,  HI. 
Pam,  Hugo,  Ohicaco,  ni. 
Pam,  Max.  GQiicago,  HI. 
Panaro,  Carmine  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Pannier,  J.  E.,  Chippewa  Falls,  Wis. 
Pantelis,  Athanasius  A.,  Chicago,  III. 
Pardee,  James  A.,  Susanville,  OaL 
Pardee,  Jnlien  B.,  SusanTille,  Oal. 
Pardoe,  Beuben  C,  Stockton,  Oal. 
Parish.  Edward  C,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Parish,  John  K.  (Biloxi,  Miss.),  Ashland, 

Wis. 
Park,  Byron  B.,  Stevens  Point,  Wis. 
Park,  Edwin  H.,  Denver,  Colo. 
Park,  Herbert  T.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Park,  Nathan  Rogers,  Cincinnati,  OMo. 
Park,  Onrllle  A.,  Macon,  Ga. 
Parke,  P.  Neal,  Westminster,  Md. 
Parker,  A.  Warner,  Washington,  D.  O. 
Parker,  Addison  M.,  Des  Moines,  lows. 
Parker,  Alton  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Parker,  B.   W.,   Washington,  D.  C. 
Parker,  Bsrton  L.,  Green  Bay,  Wis. 
Parker,  Byron  C,  Ban  Prandseo.  Oal. 
Parker,  C.  M.,  Cedar  Falls,  Iowa. 
Parker,  Chalmers  M.,  Columbus,  Ohio. 
Parker,  Chauncey  G.,  Newark,  N.  J. 
Parker,   D.   M.,   Waycroas,   Qa. 
Parker,  fe.  8.,  Jr.,  Graham,  N.  C. 
Parker,  Emmett  N.,  Olympla,  Wash. 
Psrker,  Francis  W.,  Chicago,  111. 
Parker,  Francis  W.,  Jr..  Chicago,  111. 
Parker,  Harry  E.,  Georgetown,  Ohio. 
Parker,  Harry  S.,  Eflfasgham,  HI. 
Parker,  Haywood,  Asheville,  N.  C. 
Psrker,  Herbert,  Boston,  Mass. 
Psrlur,  John  J.,  Monroe,  N.  O. 
Parker,  Jones  H.,  St  Louis,  Mo. 
Psrker,  Junius,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Parker,  Leslie  M.,  Chicago,  111. 
Parker,  Lewis  W..  Chicago.  111. 
Parker,  P.  R.,  Bridgeport,  Oal. 
Parker,  Philip  8.,  Boston,  Mass. 
Parker,  R.  &,  Atlanta.  Ga. 
Parker.  Ralsemond  A.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
Parker,    Richard    Wayne,    Washington, 

D.  a 
Psrker,  Robert  Chapin,  Westileld,  Mass^ 
Parker,  Robert  B.,  Appalachla,  Va. 


1912  Parker,  Samuel,  South  Bend,  Ind. 

1922  Parker,  W.  Ainsworth,  Baltimora.  Md. 

1981  Parker,  W.  J.,  Conmna,  Mich. 
1918  Parker,  Woodruff  J.,  Chicago.  BL 
1918  Paikhlll,  Charles  B..  Tampa.  Fla. 

1918  Parkin,  Harry  A.,  Chicago,  IlL 
1928  Parfcinaon,  Oscar  0.,  Stockton,  OaL 
1806  ParkiuMn,  Robert  H.,  Chicago.  UL 

1910  Parkinson,  ThoflMS  L,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1928  Parkinson,  Valla  B.,  Sacramento,  Cal. 

1920  Parkinson.  W.  K..  Phillipa,  Wia. 

1919  Parks,  Daniel  B.,  Prescott,  Aris. 
1918  Psrks,  Elton,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1918  Parks,  J.  L.,  Columbia,  Mo. 

1911  Parmelee,  Heniy  F.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 
1907  Parmly,  Randolph.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1914  Parrish.  James  L..  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

1921  Parrish,  LueUn  W.,  Henrietta,  Texas. 
1918  Parrish,  Stephen  D.,  Richmond,  Ky. 
1921  Parahall,  Oeveland  G.,  Jackaoa,  Mich. 
1921  Parsons,  Burton  B.,  Syncuse,  N.  Y. 

1915  Parsons.  C.  C,  Salt  Lake  City.  Utah. 

1912  Parsons,  Chsrlcs  F.,  Hilo,  Hawaii. 
ir09  Parsons,  Edward  A.  New  Orlesna,  La. 
1918  Parsons,  Frank  N.,  Franklin.  N.  H. 
1915  Parsons,  Harry  H.,  Missoula,  Montana. 

1982  Parsons,  Hany  It,  Fort  Sumner,  N.  M. 

1917  Parsons,  Jsmes  A.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

1915  Partlow,  Ira  J..  Ksyatone,  W.  Va. 

1921  Partridge,  John  S.,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 

1922  Partridge,  RuawU  G.,  Boston.  Mass. 
1988  Pascal,  Aylett  L.,  8r.,  DeWitt,  lown. 

1916  Pasco,  Samuel,  Pensacola.  Fla. 
IMS  Pasku%  Benjamin  G..  New  York,  N.  T. 
1981  Paskns,  Msrtin  &,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1918  Psssmore,  John  H,  Chicago,  HL 
1990  Patchin,  John  W.,  Ttaverss  City,  Mich. 

1919  Paterwn,  John  C,  Baltimoce,  Md. 
1981  Paterson,  Maurice  F.,  Detroit  IBch. 

1915  Paton.  Thomaa  B.,  New  York,  H.  Y. 
1919  Pattee,  Samuel  U,  Tucson,  ArisL 

1919  Pstten,  Frsncis  B.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1922  Patten,  George  Y.,  Boeesnan,  Mont. 
1921  Patterson,  A  T.,  Oalhoun  City,  Misa. 
1907  Patterson,  A.  W.,  Bichmond.  Ya. 

1920  PstterKm,  A.  Z.,  Ksnsas  City.  Mo. 
1008  Pstterson,  Charles  B.,  Seattle,  Wash. 
1014  PstterKm,  E.  O..  Delias.  8.  D. 

1921  Patterson,  E.  P.,  Florence,  Ariaona. 
1906  Patterson,  Elmer  a.  Minneapolia,  Mian. 
1018  Patterson,  Frank  M.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1914  Patterson,  F^eriok  H.,  New  York, 

N.  Y. 

1916  Patterson,  George,  Dniontown,  Pa. 
1914  Patterson,  George  G.,  Bolidsjaburg.  Pn. 
1896  Patterson,  George  &,  PhiladclpbU,  Pn. 
1921  Patterson,    Jsmes    E.,    Oedar  .  Rapids. 

Iowa. 


ALPHABBTIOAL  LIST  OF  MKKBSRS. 


838 


1918  Pattenon,  Jobs  B.,  Okemah,  OkUu 

IBK  Pattenon,  John  H..  PoatUc,  Mich. 

1918  Pattenon,  John  If..  PhlladelphiA,  Pa. 

1918  Patteraon,  Marion  D.,  HoUdajahurg,  Pa. 

1909  PattenoB,  Newton  Held,  Pinerille,  Kj. 

19M  Patteraon,  Orin,  Springfield.  Mo. 
1919 '  Patteraon,  Perry  8..  Chicago.  111. 

1911  Patteraon,  Robert  O.,  Dayton*  Ohio. 

1806  Patteraon.  RoaweU  H.,  Scranton*  Pa. 

188*  Pattaraon*  T.  EUiott.  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1806  Patteraon.  Thomaa,  Pittsburgh.  Pa. 

1918  Patteraon.  Wm.  ^,  El  Dorado,  Ark. 

1806  Patteaon.  a  &  P.,  Richmond.  Va. 
1918  Pattiaon.   Allen  8.,  Waahington,  D.  O. 
1918  Pattiaon,  Charles  W..  Clereland.  Ohio. 

1918  Pattiaon,  John  R.,  Cambridge.  Md. 
Um  Pattiaon,  William  L..  PUttsbiurg.  N.  T. 

1919  Patton.   A.    P.,  Jooeaboro.    Ark. 

1918  Patton,  Gharlca  L.,  San  Franciaco.  OaL 

1915  Patton,  J.  Lee,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1918  Patton,  Jamea  C,  Dallaa,  Texas. 
1914  Patton,    William    Vayne,    Livingston, 

Ala. 

1807  Paul,  A.  a,  Minneapolis,  liinn. 

1919  Paul.  Henry  N.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 
1918  Paul.  J.  Rodman.  Phfladelpbia.  Pa. 
1821  Paul,  John,  Harrisonburg.  Va. 

1907  Paulding,  Charles  C,  New  Tork,  N.  T. 

Ifln  Paull,  John,   BiooUyn,  N.   Y. 

19S8  PawlicU,  T.  £.,  San  Franciaco.  OaL 

ISai  PiiwaoB,  John  B..  Long  Beach.  Oal. 

19S1  PaxBon,  W.  S.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

19S1  Paxton,    Thomaa    B..    Jr..    Oindnnati, 

Ohio. 

1914  Payer,   H.   P..   Glereland,   Ohio. 

1980  Piiyne,  Byron  S..  Pierre,  S.  D. 

1906  Payne,  Jason  B.,  Vermilion,  8.  D. 

1906  Payne,  John  Barton,  Washington.  D.  OL 
1980  Payne,  Thomas  W.,  Detroit.  Mich. 
1911  Payne,  William  D.,  Charleston.  W.  Va. 

1907  Payton.   Franklin  C,   Portland,  Maine. 

1916  Payaon,  Robert.  Portland.  Me. 
1914  Payton,  Claude^  Albany,  Ga. 

1867  Pcabo47,  Clarence  W.,  Orono.  Maine. 

19U  Pcabody.  Franda,  Boston,  Maas. 

1998  Peachy,  Bathuxat  D..  WUliamriburg,  Va. 

1917  Peacock,  Dred,  High  Point,  N.  0. 
1928  Peacock.  George  Olereland,  Cincinnati, 

OMo. 

1081  Peacock.     Jamea     Craig.     Waaklngton, 

D.  a 

1928  Peair%  Howard  A.,  Bakerafield,  Cal. 

1908  Peaka.  George  H.,  Chicago.  IB. 

1921  Pearce,  Benjamin  B.,  Manaaquan,  N.  J. 

1980  Pearoe,  Oulbcrt  L.,  Bald  Knob.  Ark. 

1081  Pearce,  John  Irving,  Chicago,  HI. 

1990  Pearcy,  Claude  0.,  St.  Louia,  Mo. 

1921  Paarcy,  Blmer  B.,  St  Louis,  Mo. 


1914  Peareaon,  D.  R.,  Ridimond,  Tana. 

1914  Pearre,    Aubrey,   Jr..   Baltimore.   Md. 

1914  Pearrev  George  A.,  Cumberland,  Md. 

1980  Pearson,  A.  £..  Oklahoma  City.  Okla. 

1916  Pearson,  Bugene,  Louisiana.   Mo. 

1018  Pearson,  Gardner  W.,  Lowell.  Maaa. 

1928  Pearaon,  John  V..  Spokane,  Waah. 

1920  Pearson,  Perry  8.,  Amarillo.  Tex. 

1920  Pearson,  Ras  L.,  Louisiana.  Mo. 

1922  Peart,  Hartley  F..  San  Francisco,  CaL 

1911  Pease.  Frank  Alvin,  Fall  River,  Mass. 

1922  Pease,  Robert  M..  Los  Angeles,  CaL 

1919  Peaae.  Warren,  Chicago,  111. 

1921  Peaalee.  Amoa  J.,  New  Tork,  N.  T. 
1918  Peaalee,  Robert  J..  Mancheater.  N.  H. 

1921  Peaeley,  Frederick  M.,  Cheshire,  Conn. 

1922  Pebbles.  Heniy  R.,  Chicago,  111. 

1021  Peck,  Bayard  L.,  New  Tork.  N.  Y. 

1022  Peck,  a  M.,  Oakland,  Cal. 
1021  Peck,  Caasiua  R..  Portland.  Oreg. 
1003  Peck,  Epaphroditua,  Bristol,  Conn. 
1916  Peck,  Geoige  L.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 
1886  Peck,  George  R.,  Chicago,  111. 

1918  Peck.   Hamilton  a,   Burlington,   Vt. 

1918  Peck.  Herbert  M.,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 

1922  Peck,  Jamea  F..  Oakland,  Cal. 

1920  Peck,  Josiah  H..  Hartford.  Com. 

1921  Peck.  Milea  £..  Sioux  Falls.  S.  D. 
1012  Peck,  Ralph  L.,  Chicago,  III. 

1012  Peden,  Thomas  J.,  Chicago,  IlL 

1012  Pedrick,  Samuel  M.,  Ripon,  Wia. 
1006  Peek,  Burton  F.,  Moline,  111. 

1021  Peeler,  Oharlea  B.,  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

1013  Peeler,  J.  L.,  Austin,  Texaa. 

1014  Peelle,  Stanton  C,  Washington,  D.   C 
1014  Peeples,  Henry  C.  Atlanta,  Ga. 

1922  Peery,  Charles  &,  San  Franciaco,  CaL 
1907  Pegram,  Henry,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1918  Peirce,  George  H.,  Loa  Angeles,  CaL 
1921  Peixotto,  Edgar  D.,  San  Franciaco,  Oal. 
1006  Pelletier,  Joseph  a,  Boaton,  Maaa. 
1081  Pelton,  Carl  H.,  Pontiac,  Mich. 

1000  Pelton,  Charlea  A..  Clinton,  Conn. 

1916  Pelton,  Isaac.  Akron,  Colorado. 

1921  Pelton.    Paul    Philip,    Southern    Pinea, 
N.  a 

1921  Pelzman,    Frederick    M.,    Waahington, 

D.  a 

1914  Pemberton,  L.  M..  Beatriee,  Nebr. 

1914  Pendarvia.   Robert   E..   Chicago,   111. 

1922  Pendery,  Henry  R.,  Leadville.  Colo. 
1921  Pendleton.  Elliott  H.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1911  Pendleton,  Francis  K..  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1021  Penfield,    E.    Jean    Nelson,    New   York, 

N.  y. 

1000  Penfleld,  Walter  S..  WasMngton,  D.  C. 

1013  Penington,  Robert,  Wilmington,  Dd. 

1018  Penn.  George  £.,  Jr.,  Kingaport,  Tenn. 


834 


AKERICAN  BAB  A680CIATI0K. 


1917  PeniMwfn,  Jftmet,  DoTcr.  Dd. 
1008  Penney,  R.  L.,  Minnet polls,  Minn. 
1921  Pennlnfroth,     ChErlci,     Oedar    Kmpida, 

Iowa. 

1921  Pennington,    E.    W.,    Pennington   Gap, 
Va. 

1921  Pennington,  George  W.,  Cbicago,  III. 
1914  Pennington,    William,    Morrla    Plalna. 

N.  J. 

1918  Penny  packer,   Bevan    A.,   Philadelphia, 

Pa. 

1918  Penrose,  John  J.,  New  York.  N.  T. 

1919  Pentz,  John  J..  Dubois,  Pa. 

1918  Pents.  W.  C,  Dubois.  Pa. 

1912  Penwell,   Fred  B.,   Danville,   ftl. 

1916  Penwell,  Leroy  V.,  Chicigo.  111. 
1914  Pepper,  A.  M.,  Lexington,  Miss. 

1894  Pepper,    George   W.,    Philadelphia,    Pa. 

^1916  Pepperell,  William  Earl,  WichiU.  Kant. 

1922  Percival,  Leo  C,  Wintenet,  Iowa. 
1922  Percy,  Hu^,  Reno,  Nev. 

1907  Percy,    LeRoy,    Greenville,    Mi«. 

1921  Perel,  Harry  Z.,  Ohicago,  III. 

1912  Perelea,  Nathan,  Jr..  Milwaukee,  Wia. 

1917  Perua.   Israel   H..   Memphis.   Tenn. 

1921  Peres,  John  R.,  New  Orleana,  La. 
1914  Pergler,  Charles,  Tokyo,  Japan. 

1922  Perkina,   A.   Roy,   Mayville,  N.   T. 

1919  Perkins,  Carroll  N.,  Waterrille.  Me. 
1919  Perkins,  Charles  P.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1921  Perkins,    Edmund   W.,    Norwich,   Oonn. 
1919  Perkins,  Eugene  A.,  Manila,  P.  I. 

1914  Perkina,  F.  W.,  Phoenix,  Arisona. 

1916  Perkins,   George  J.,    Portlsnd.    Ore. 

1921  Perkins,  Merritt  H.,  Denver,  Ck>l. 
1904  Perkins,  Robert  J.,  New  Orleans,  La. 

1922  Perkins.  Robert  W.,   New  York,   N.   T. 
1922  Perkins,   Thomaa  Allen,   San   Francisco, 

Oal. 

1917  Perkins,  Thomss  J.,   Allontown,  Pa. 

1911  Perkins,  Thomas  N.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1919  Perlman.    Philip    B..    Baltimore,    Md. 
1921  Perrault,   L.    L.,   Opelousas,   La. 

1921  Perrin,  L.   N.   Nick,  Jr.,  BelleviUe,  IR. 

1922  Perrin,   Lee  J..  New  York,   N.   Y. 
1921  Perrin,  Solon  L.,  Superior,  Wis. 

1912  Perry,   Ernest   Bert.   Lincoln,   Nebr. 
1980  Perry,  Eugene  D..  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 
1921  Perry,  F.  F.,  Kiowa,  Kan. 

1914  Perry,  Frank  Sprigg.  Wsshington,  D.  C 

1911  Perry,  Fred  L.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

1920  Perry.  George  B  .  Detroit.  Mich. 

1921  Perry,  J.  M.,  Staunton,  Va. 
Iin7  Perry,  John  A.,  Denver,  Colo. 

1917  Perry,  John  M.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Perry,  Judaon  M.,  Detroit.  Mich. 

1900  Perry,  R.  Boas,  Jr.,  Washington,  D.  0. 

19S1  Perry,  W.  Y.,  Sarasota,  Fla. 


1913  Pershing,  James  B..  Denver,  Oalaw 
1921  Persky,  Samuel  A.,  New  Haven,  Oonft. 

1917  Person,  W.  M..  Looisburg,  N.  a 

1918  Persons,  Jamea  W.,  Buffalo,  N.  T. 
1918  Peakind,  Solomon,  Cleveland.  Ohia. 

1914  Peter,    Arthur   {Waahlngton,   D.   0.>, 

Rockville,  Md. 

1909  Peter,  James  B.,  Saginaw,  Mich. 

1921  Peter,  William  F.,  Chicago,  IlL 

1981  Petermann,   Albert  E.,  Oalumet,  llleli. 

1909  Peters,   Arthur  J.,   New  Orleana,  La. 

1918  Peters,  Curtis  A..  New  York,  N.  T. 

1914  Peters,  Edward  F.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1920  Peters,   Emit  C,   Honolulu,   HawaiL 
1916  Petars,  Glenn  D.,  Hammond,  Ind. 
1916  Peters,  Guy  M..  Chicago,  111. 

1912  Peters,   James  W.    8.   (Wariiingtoa,    D. 

C),  Kansaa  City,  Mo. 

1918  Peters,  John  W..  New  York,  N.  T. 
19U  Peters,  Julius  C,   Great  Falla,  MoDt. 
1908  Peters,  W.   A.^  Seattle,  Wash. 

1919  Petersen,'  Arnold   R..   Madison,   Wia. 

1921  Petersen,   Samuel,   Chicago,  IlL 

1922  Peterson,  Albert,  Chicago,  HL 

1917'  Peterson,    Alvin   B.,    Prairie  du   CliieB, 
Wia. 

1921  Peterson,  C.   Petraa.   Lincoln,  Neb. 

1922  Peterson,  Charles,  Tacoma,   WaA. 

1922  Peterson,  Fred.  C,  San  Frandaoa,  Oil. 

1906  Petenon,  Fred  R.,  Seattle,  WaA. 
1921  Petenon,   Harry   L.,   Norwidi,    Oodb. 
1921  Peterson,  J.  H.,  Lakeland,  Fla. 

1921  Peterson,  J.  H.,  Pocatello,  Ida. 
1914  Peterson,  J.  W..  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 

1916  Peterson,  John  W..  Montevideo,  MtnB. 

1920  Peterson,  Tbomaa  F.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1921  Peterson,  William  A.,  Chicago,  DL 

1913  Petit,  Adelor  J..  Chicago,  HI. 

1918  Petitti.  Jerome  A.,  Boston,  Maaa. 

1922  Petree,  Louis  B.,  San  Jose,  OaL 

1917  Petree,  N.  O.,  Danbory.  N.  C. 

1922  Petri,  OusUve  A.,  Mioneapolia,  Minn. 
1912  Pette,  Alfred  C,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1921  Pettea,  Benjamin  H.,  PittAurgh,  Peon. 

1919  Pettingell,  Charles  L,  Amesbory.  Maaa 

1911  Pettlngill,  N.  B.  K.,  Tsmpa.  Florida. 

1916  PettingiU,  N.  M..  Memphis.   Mo. 

1922  Pettis,  J.  A..  Fort  Bmgg,  OaL 

1912  Pettit.  C.  B.,  Stuttgart,  Ark. 

1918  Pettit.  W.  C.  Gi«envi11e.  Pa. 

1913  Pettus,    Edmund   W..    Srlma.    Ala. 

1921  Pettua,  laabelU  M.,  New  York,  N.   T. 
1894  Petty,  Robert  D.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1907  Pev^,  Gilbert  A.  A.,  Boston,  Maaa. 

1914  Peyser,  JuHm  I..  Washington.  D.  a 

1922  Peyton,  Robert  E.,  Jr.,  RichmoBd,  Ya. 
1922  Pfanstiel,  Jamea  G.,  San  Diego^  Oal. 

1917  Pflffner,  J.  R.,  Btsvcna  Point,  WIsl 


ALPHABBTICAL  LI8T  OF  MSKBBB8. 


885 


1915  Ptemn,  Abnluim  J.,  Chicago,  IB. 
19S1  Phartt»  Qurl,  GincfniMiti,  Ohio. 
198S  Pharr,  Edgtr  W.,  Oharlotte,  R  O. 
IfiSl  PbeUn,  Finton  J.,  Waterbury,  Conn. 
1914  Phelan,  John  J.,  Bridff«port«  Coiiii. 
1806  Phelps,  Charles,  Rockville,  Oo&n. 
1914  PhelpB,  Esfnond,  New  Orteaw,  La. 

1918  Phelps,  I.  H..  Akron,  Ohio* 
19tt  Phelps,  J.  Arthur,  Pueblo,  Oolo. 
19^  Phelps,  Ulbum,  LouUville,  Ky. 

1919  PhilbiB,  Ewinff  R.,  Washingtob,  D.  a 
19S1  Phllbrick,  Floyd,  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa. 
1919  Phllbrick,  Francis  S.,  Urbana,  111. 
1914  Phflbrook,  Warren  C.  Angutta,  Maine. 

1919  Philip,  George.  Rapid  City,  8.  D.   • 
1907  Philipp.  Merita  B.,  New  York.  K.  T. 
1917  Philips,  Thomas  L.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1917  Phillips,  Alpoy  a.  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1911  Phillips,  Arthur  S.,  Fall  River.  Maas. 

1918  Phillips.    David,   Philsdelphia.   Pa. 

1920  Phillips,  e.  Raleigh.  Richmond.  Va. 
192S  Phillips,  Esther  B.,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 

1921  Phillips,  Bdgar  John.  Chicago.  Til 
1981  Phillip^  H.  &,  Tftmpa,  Fla. 

1921  Phillips,  Harry  H.,  Chicago.  Til, 

1914  Phillips,   John   P..   Chfllicothe,   Ohio. 

1921  Phnilpi,  John  Preston,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1917  Phillips.  John  R..  Louisville.  Ga. 

1902  Phillips,  Nelson,  Dallas.  Texaa. 

1917  Phillips,  Orie  L..  Raton,  N.  M. 

1916  Phillips.  Sam  M..  Poplar  BlulT,  Mb. 

1917  Phillips,  W.  L.,  Louisville.  Oa. 

1918  Phillips,  Walter,  Detroit.  Mich. 

1912  Phipps,  George  V..  Boston.  Mass. 

1921  Phlegar,  Honter  J.,  Chrtstiansburg,  Ta. 

1921  Phleger,  Herman  H..  San  Frandaco,  Oil. 

1921  Piasecki.  B.  K.,  Dallas,  Ore. 

1911  Piatt.  William  H.  H..  Ran«u  City.  Mo. 

1928  Picard,  Albert,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 

1921  Pfckard,  Roy  M..  Keene,  N.  H. 

1898  Pickens,  Samuel  0.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

1886  Pickens,  William  A.,  Indianapolis.  Ind 

1088  Pickering,   Harold  O.,  Superior,    Wis. 

1911  Pickering,  Henry  Qoddard.  Boaton.  Mass. 

1914  Pickett,  C.  E..  Wsterloo.  Iowa. 

1918  Pickett.    Harry  E.,   Douglas.    Aria. 
1916  Pickett,  Walter  M..   New  Haven.  Omn. 

1918  Ptckman.  Dudley  L..  Jr..  Boston,  Mass. 
1904  Piokman.  John  J..  Lowell.  Maas. 

1921  Pier,  Kate»  Fond  du  Lac,  Wis. 

1911  Pierce,  Chsrles  L..   Rochpster.   N.  Y. 

1916  Pierce,  Charles  R..  Washington,  D.  C. 

1919  Pierce,  Charles  S..  Boston.  Msss. 
1916  Pierce,   Edward  P.,   Boston.  Mass. 
1914  Pierce,  Leonard  A.,  Portland.  Maine. 
1916  Pierce,  Noble  E..  Hartford.  Conn. 

1920  Pierce,  Philip,  Oklahoma  City.  Okla. 
1906  Pierce.  Thomas  M.,  SL  Louis.  Mo. 


1906  Pierce,  Wilson  H«,  Waterbwy,  Ouin. 
1892  Pierce,  Wlnslow  8.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Pierpont,  Grover,  Wieblta,  Kan. 
1919  PieraoB,  Alfred  P.,  Ssginsw,  MIefa. 

1917  Pleraoa,  Charles  W.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1928  Pierson,  Howard  O.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
19ZI  Pigford,  O.  E.,  Jaekson,  Tenn. 

1922  PIgott,  John  T.,  SacranentD^  Oal. 

1915  Pigott.    William  T.,    Helena,    Montana. 
1919  Pike,   Addison    R.,    Boston,    Maas. 
1988  Pike,  George  E.,  Waterloo,  Iowa. 

1919  Pike,  George  W.,  Lisbon,  N.  H. 

1919  Pike,  Katherine  R,,  Washington,  D.  a 

1922  Pike,  LeBoy  P.,  Reno.  Nev. 

1921  Pike,  Robert  B.,  Sioux  City,  Iowa. 

1907  Pike,  YInton,  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 

1908  Piles.   Ssmuel   H.,   Seattle,   WsA. 

1921  Pillow,  George  W.,  Marion.  lU. 

1916  Pillsbury,  H.  D.,  San  Francisco.  C^L 
1928  Pillrt>ufy,    Warren    H.,    San    Franciaeo. 

Oal. 

1919  Plnanski,  A.  E.,  Boston,  Maas.^ 

1922  Pingry,  0.  O.,  Pittsburgh,  Kansas. 
1904  Pinkerton,  Alfred  S..  Worcester,  Mass 

1921  Pinkham,  Walter  Samuel,  Boaton,  Mkas. 

1920  Pinks,  James  Leslie.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1913  Piper,  Jsmes.  Baltimore,  Md. 

1922  Pipes,  Martin  L..  Portland,  Ok. 

1921  Pipkin,  H.  0.,  Amarillo,  Texas. 

1911  Pirce. .  Jsmes  .Aldrich,  Providence,  R.  I 

1914  Pirkey,  Eari  M..  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1918  Pirseher,  William  F..  Bsltimore.  Md. 
1022  Pischel,  W.,  Salt  Uke  City.  UUh. 
1990  Pitcaim,  Raymond.  Philadelphia.  Pa. 
1907  Pitney,  John  O.  H.,  Newark.  N.  J. 
1918  Pitney,  Mahlon.  Washington,  D.  a 

1922  Pittman,  Key,  Washington,  D.  O. 
1910  Pitts,  John  A..  Nashville,  Tenn. 
1921  Pisey,  Alfred,  Sioux  Otty.  Iowa. 

1906  Place.  Ira  A..  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1912  PUin.  Frank  O.,  Aurora,  111. 

1920  Plaisted.  H.  M..  St.  Louis,  l|o. 

1921  Plamondon,      Charles     Ambrsse.      Jr.. 

Chicago,  nL 

1921  Plants,  O.  Bertram.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1922  Piatt,   Franklin  a.  Waterloo.  Iowa. 
1916  Piatt.  Harrison  G,.  Portland.  Oregon. 
1916  Piatt.  Henry  R..  Chicago.  III. 

1912  Piatt,  Robert  Treat.  Portland.  Oregon. 

1913  Piatt,  Sarnnel,  Reno.  Nev. 

1918  Platzek,  M.  Warley,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1914  Plauche,  Thomas  C,  Lake  Charles,  Lft. 

1907  Playford,  R.  W..  Uniontown,  Pa. 

1918  Pleas,  J.  W.,  Marion.  N.  0. 

1920  Plowman.  M.  M..  Dallas,  Tex. 

1921  Plumb,  P.  B..  Los  Angeles,  OaL 
1913  Plumley,  Frank,  Northfleld,  Vermont 

1919  Plununer,  Gbarlss  B.,  Petersburg.  Ya, 


836 


▲ICEBIOAN   BAB  AfiBOOUTION. 


Ifltt  Plunmcr,  J.  A.,  Stockton,  OO. 

10W  PIumBMr,  W.  H.,  Spokane,  Waah. 

mt  Plunkett,  lfo«  A.,  Roanoke,   Va. 

1018  Podolin,  BmU  L.,  Philwielpbta.  Pa. 

ms  Poe,  Edgar  AUan.  Baltlinon,  IM. 

Ittt  Poe,  Sam  T.,  UtUc  Rook»  Ark. 

in.9  Poe,  Tom,  Little  Bock,  Ark. 

1914  Pofffentarger,  Gcoise,  Cliarleaton. 

W.  Va. 

1014  Poffve,  Prortnee  B.,  dBctamatl,  Ohto. 

1921  Pogoe,  Tliomaa  L.,  Oiacimiati,  Ohio. 
ijDBO  Pohlman,  J.  Harry,  St.  Louii,  Xow 

1919  Poindezter,  E.  W.,  Boanoke,  Ya. 

1916  Poindexter,  Joaeph  B.,  Boaolola,  Hawaii 

1920  Pokoray,  Edward,  Detroit*  lOflh. 

1922  Polier,  Darid  &,  New  Toik,  N.  T. 
1922  Politner,  Jerome,  San  Praadno,  OaL 
1914  Polk,  A.  D.,  Bralnefd,  Mimi. 

1914  Polk,  Albert  F.,  Wilmington,  Del. 

1911  Polk.  Charlea  M.,  St  Loula.  Mo. 

1913  Polk,  L.  J.,  Jr.,  Pharr,  Tezaa 

1917  Polk,  leaker,  Warrenton,  N.  a 
1911  Pollack,  Sidney  S.,  Chicago,  IlL 

1921  PoUak,  Walter  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1909  Pollard,  Clande,  Houtton,  Texaa. 
1921  Pollard,  E.  H.,  Port  Badiion,  Iowa. 
1911  Pollard,  Henry  R.,  Richmond,  Va. 
1982  Pollard,  O.  H.,  Jackaon,   Ky. 

1919  Pollard,  Oliver  A.,  Petersburg,  Va. 

1920  Pollock,  Charles  A.,  Pargo,  N.   D. 

1921  Polk>ok,  John  a,  Fkrgo,  N.  D. 

1921  Pollock,  Thomaa  A.,  Kansas  Olty.  Kan. 

1907  Pomerene,  Atlee.  Gsnton,  Ohio. 

1921  Pomerene,  Warner  M.,  Ooahocton,  Ohio. 

1921  Pomerene,  William  B.,  Oolumbos,  Ohio. 

1908  Pomeroy,   Charles  W..   Kalispell.   Mont 
1919  Pomeroiy,  Edgar  B.,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

1922  Pomeroy,  R.  G.,  Eureka,  Mont. 

1914  Pomeroy.  Robert  W..  Buifalo,  N.  Y. 
1922  Pomca,  Emile,  New  Orleans,  La. 

1921  Pompan,  Maurice  A..  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1911  Pond,  Philip,  New  Haven,  Oona. 
1919  Ponder,  Bany  L.,  Walnut  Ridge,  Ark. 
1917  Ponsford,  Arthur,  Denver,  Colo. 

1917  Poole,  R.  T.,  Troy,  N.  C. 

1922  Poore,  Hany  T.,  Knoxville,  Tenn. 

1921  Poore,  John  O.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Poore,  W.  A.,  Knoxville,  Tenn. 
1921  Pope,  Arthur  D.,  El  Dorado,  Ark. 

1912  Pope.  Guatavus  G.,  Ttoxarkana.  Ark. 
1919  Pope,  Herbert  Chicago,  111. 

1921  Pope,  Jeir  A.,  Cairo,  Ga. 

1914  Pope,  John  D.,  Albany,  Georgia. 

1916  Pope,  Pnul  M.,  Oklahoma  City.  Okla. 
1921  Pope,  Walter  L.,  Missoula,   Moat 
1906  Poppenhuaen,  C.  H.,  Chicago,  HL 

1917  Pen,  Emu  C,  Manhfleld.  Wis. 

19231  Porter,  O.  Y.,  Jr.,  Baton  Rouge,  La. 


191S  FOftar,  Olande  R.,  Ntw  York,  B.  T. 

1921  Porter,  Edward  W.,  MarysviUe,  Ohio. 

1917  Porter,  FeUz  B.,  Aocon,  Canal  Zone. 

1906  Porter,  FVaak  M.,  Loa  Alleles,  Oa. 
1919  Portff,  Gilbert  E..  Chicago,  Dl. 
1914  Porter,  J.  H.,  AtlanU,  Qa. 

1921  Porter»  John  D.,  Webetor  City,  Iowsl 

1922  Porter,  John  E.,   Wenatchee.   Waah. 

1907  Porter,  Louis  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1922  Porter,  Robert  C,  San  Frandaoo,  Oal. 
1906  Porter,  BUaa,  Topeka,  Kana. 

1919  Porter,  Thok  Fitigcrald,  Lake  Oharlea, 


1916  Porter,  W,  Hobart,  Philadelphia,  Pft. 

1916  Porter,  W.  L.,  Glasgow,  Ky. 

1921  Porter,  W.  T.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1906  Porter,  WilUam  D.,  Pittrtnirgh.  Pa. 

1910  Porter,  William  Gove,  Sioux  Falla,  &  D. 
1920  Posey,  Robert  Randolph,  Sheridan,  Ark. 
1912  Posner,  Louis  &,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Poet,  Charles  A.,  Los  Angeles,  OtL 

1907  Post,  Frank  T.,  Spokane,  Waah. 
1018  Post,  Nathan  N.,  St.  Albaaa,  Vt 
1922  Poatel,  Waldo  P.,  San  Frandaeo,  Oal. 
1914  Postlewaite,  David  N.,  Columboa,  OhIOL 

1920  Poston,  John  H.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

1911  Potter.   BarreU,  Brunswick,  Maiaeu 
1922  Potter,  Charles  F..  Los  Ai^elea,  Oal. 
1891  Potter,  Charles  N.,  Cheyenne,  Wyo. 

1921  Potter,  Edward,  New  York,  N.   Y. 
1911  Potter.  Emery  D.,  Toledo,  Ohio. 

1921  Potter,  Florence  Dangerield,  New  York. 

N.  Y. 

1921  Potter,  Fred  W.,  Heuy,  DL 

1887  Potter,  Frederick,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1917  Potter.  Mark  W..  Washington,  D.  C. 
1921  Potter,  Michael,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1916  Potter,  Ralph  F.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1916  Potter,  W.  D.,  Ardmore,  Okla. 

1920  Potter,     William     W.,     East     LaiHti«, 

Mich. 

19U  Pottle.  J.  R.,  Albaoy,  Ga. 

1914  Potts,  C.  a.  Austin,  TexM. 

1921  Potts,  Dempster  O.,  Wichita,  Kan. 

1911  Potts,  Joseph,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1921  PotU,  Rufus  M.,  Chicago.  HI. 
1919  Potts,  WUliam  M..  Mobridgn.  8.  D. 

1917  Pou,  Edward  W..  Smithlleld,  H.  a 

1912  Pou,  Jamea  H.,  Raleigh,  N.  C 
1914  Poujade,  J.,  Oarson  City.  Nevada. 
1901  Pound,  Roscee,  Cambridge.  Maaa. 
1916  Poventud,  Josi  A.,  Ponce,  Porto  RU 

1922  Powell,   Albert  B,  Cleveland,  Obiow 
1921  Powell,  Albert  N.,  Chicago,  HL 

1916  Powell,  Arthur  Gray,  Atlanta,  Oa. 

1917  Powell,  Charlea,  Fairmont,  W.  Va. 

1918  Powell,  Charles  J.,  Peabody, 
1017  Powell,  D.  M.,  Grsenvllle,  Ala. 


ALPHABBTICAL   U8T   OP   MBKBfiBS. 


837 


19QV 

im 

1081 
1906 
1920 

ins 

1918 
1922 
1920 
1911 
1921 
1914 
1919 
1922 
1911 
1921 
1919 


1922 
1918 
1918 
1921 
1921 
1911 
191« 
1018 
Ifll 
1922 

mi 
ino 

1928 
1981 

ins 


19U 

1921 
1922 
1916 
1921 
1914 
1021 
1806 

ion 

1016 

1014 

ion 

1014 
1018 
1009 
10» 


U08 


Povidl,  Elmer  N.,  KanaM  City,  Mo. 
Powell,  iYank  B.,  De  Ridder,  La. 
Powell,  Fnnk  If.,  OlarktUirf,  W.  Va. 
Powell,  Frederick  J.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
Powell,  George  M.,  JadBonTllle,  Fla. 
PoweU,  BcniT  M.,  N«w  York.  M.  T. 
Powell,  Howell  A.,  Saa  Praneiaco,  Cai 
Powell,  Humbert  B.,  Pbfladelpbla,  Pa. 
Powell,  John  H.,  Seattle,  Waah. 
Powell,  Lewla  W.,  Kenoaba,  Wia. 
Powell,  Hanaom  J.,  Ifiuieapolia,  Mlna. 
Powell,  Richard  A.,  Olnduiati,  Ohio. 
Powell,  Stewart  K.,  Onaneock,  Va. 
Powell,  Tliomaa  Reed,  New  York,  N.  T. 
Powell,  W.  E.,  San  Frandaoo,  Oal. 
Powell,  Walter  A.,  Dover,  Del. 
Powell,  Walter  O.,  Pittiburgfa,  Penn. 
Powell,  Wilaon  M.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Power,  Olara  L.,  Boston,  IfasB. 
Power,  Ifaurice  E.,  Visalla,  OaL 
Power,  Victor  L.,  Hlbblng,  Mbm. 
Powen,  George  M.,  Morriaville,  Yt 
Powers,  L.  W.,  DeniR>n,  Iowa. 
Powers,  Leland,  Boston,  Ifaes. 
Powers,  fltmuel  L..  Boston,  Mass. 
Powers,  Walter,  Boston,  Mkas. 
Pratt,  Addison  8.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Pratt,  diaries  A.  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Pratt,  Elinor  D.,  San  Prandsoo,  Oal. 
Pratt,  George  0.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Pratt,  James  R.,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Pratt,   Or?i1Ie  O.,  Jr.,    San   Francisco, 

Oal. 
Pratt,  Thornton  M.,  Ohicago,  01. 
Prar,  Allan  T.,  Ashland,  Wis. 
Prediger,  George  A.,  Pittafield.  Mass. 
Preisker,  0.  L.,  Santa  Maria,  Oal. 
Preadergaat,  Edmmid  A.,  MinneapoUs, 

Minn. 
Prendergast,  John,  <%lcago,  HI. 
Prentice,  Bsra  P.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Prentice,  Robert  Kelly,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Prentice,  Royal  A.,  Tucumcari,  N.  M. 
Prentice,  8.  0.,  Hartford,  Oonn. 
Prentis,  George  H.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
Prentis,  Robert  R.,  Suffolk,  Va. 
Presdiem,  George  T.,  Ohicago,  IB. 
Presoott,  OllTer,  New  Bedford,  Maaa 
Preston,  A.  L.,  Avoca,  Iowa. 
Preston,  Alfred  D.,  Beckley,  W.  Va. 
Preston,  Byron  W.,  Oskaloosa,  Iowa. 
Preston,  Douglas  A.,  Rock  Springs,  Wyo. 
Preston,  Edmund  R.,  Charlotte,  N.  0. 
Preston,  Eugene  D.,  Colorado  Springs, 

Colo. 
Preston,  H.  L.,  Ukiah,  Oal. 
Preston.  Harold,  Seattle,  Wash.. 
Pmiua,  J.  W.,  Puebi-   Oola. 


1921  Preston,  John  J.  D.,  OUrleston,  W.  Va. 

1921  Preston,  John  W.,  San  Praneiaco,  Oal. 

1981  Preston,  Walter  W.,  Bel  Air,  Md. 

19S1  Prettyman,  William  8.,  Pekin,  m. 

19U  Prerost,  George  A.,  Washington,  D.  O 

1917  Price,  A.  H.,  Salisbuxy,  N.  C 

1921  Price,  Benjamin  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Price,  0.  L.,  Albany,  Ala. 

1916  Price.  Edwin  A,  Naabville,  Tenn. 

1921  Price,  Enoch  J.,  GUoago,  IlL 

1922  Price,  Prj^nda,  Santa  Bartiara.  Oal. 
1916  Price,  Franda  C,  AshhUKi,  Kans. 

1901  Price,  George  E.,  Charleston,  W.  Va. 
1021  Price,  George  M..  Langdon,  N.   D. 

1980  Price,  Harrey  a.  New  York«  N.  Y. 

1916  Price,  Hemy  W.,  Chicago,  IlL 

1917  Price,  J.  Harry,  Knorrille,  Tena. 

1921  Price,  John  G.,  Oolumboa,  Ohia. 

1922  Price,  Mitchell  D..  Miami,  Fla. 

1921  Price,  Morris  L,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1922  Price,  Richard,  Jackson,  Mich. 

1918  Price,  Robert  M.,  Reno,  Nevada. 

1918  Price,  Samuel  B.,  Scranton,  Pa. 

1919  Price.  T.  Brooke,  Charleston,  W.  Va. 

1921  Price,  T.  D.,  New  Lexington,  Ohio. 

1922  Price,  Valmah  T.,  Elkader,  Iowa. 
1906  Price.  William  H.,  Miami,  FU. 

1922  Prichard,  George  A,  Los  Angeles,  Oal. 

1922  Prichard,  J.  A.,  Onawa,  Iowa. 

1920  Prichard.  Watt  Monroe.  Ashland,  Ky. 
1918  Prickett,  William  S.,  WUmington,  Del. 

1921  Priest,  Elroy  M.,  Ohicago,  HL 
1914  Priest,  Henry  S.,  St  Louis,  Mo. 

1921  Priestley,  John  J.,  Ohicago,  IIL 

1922  Prime,  Raymond  0.,  Lake  Placid,  N.  Y. 

1920  Primeau,  Joseph  B.,  Jr.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1921  Primrose,  J.  Lawrence,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1921  Prince.  O.  L.,  Oheraw,  8.  CL, 

1920  Prince.  Carroll  Thomas,  St  Louia,  Mo. 

1922  Prince,  H.  F..  Los  Angeles,  OaL 
1909  Prince,  Leon  C,  Carlisle,  Pa. 

1911  Prince,  Sydney  Rhodca,  Washington, 

D.  C. 

1912  Prindeville,  Thomaa  W.,  Chicago,  IlL 
1912  Prindiyllle,  John  K.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1902  Prindle,  Edwin  J.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1922  Pringle,  E.  J.,  San  Francisco,  OaL 
1912  Pringle,  Edward  G.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1981  Pringle,  IVederick  W.,  Chicago,  HI. 
1922  Pringle,  Ralph,  Red  Oak,  Iowa. 

1914  Prioleau,  Thomas  G.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Prior,  Joseph  B.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

1921  Priore,  Jerry  C,   Chicago,   HI. 
1981  Pritchard,  McKinl^,  Ashcrille,  N.  a 
1916  Pritchard,  Norman  H.,  Chicago,  HL 
1981  Pritdiard,     William    8.,    Btrmlngham, 


W.  Va. 


1921    Pritt,  Wayne  K., 


838 


AMBBICAN   BAR  ASSOCIATION. 


1»«9  Pritsker.  NlcholM  J.,  Chicago.  OL 

1922  Probuoo,  Runaey,  OakUnd,  Oal. 

1917  Procter,  Jamet  U.,  Washingtoo,  O.  0, 

1916  Procter,  Joseph  0.,  Jr.,  Boston.  U^m, 

1916  Proctor,   David  M.,  Kanaas  City.  Mo. 
1912  Proctor,  Frederick  C,  Houston.  Tex. 
1891  Proctor,  Thoma*  W..  Boston.  Mass. 
1917 ,  Proctor,  Venable  B.,  Victoria,  Texas. 
1907 '  Proskauer.  Joseph  M..  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1920  Prosser,  Mason  F.,  Honolulu.   HawalL 
1922  Prosser,  Paul  P.,  Denver,  Colo. 

1912  Proudflt,  Robert  M.,  Friend.  Nebr. 

1919  Proudfoot,    Frederick   W..   Chicago,   DL 

1917  Provlne,  Walter  M.,  Taylorville.  UL 

1920  Provosty.  Albin.  New  Roads.  La. 
1922  Provosty,  Michel,  New  Orleans,  La. 
1922  Provosty,  Olivier  0.,  New  Orlesns.  La. 

1921  Prowell,  Jones  T.,   New  Orlesns,  Im, 
1914  Prugh.  Harry  H.,  Dayton,  Ohio. 

1889  Prussing,  Eugene  B.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

1918  Pryor,  John  Carlisle,  Burlington,  Iowa. 

1913  Pryor,  Thomas  B.,  Fort  Smith,  Ark. 

1920  Pryor,  W.   V..   Sapulps,  Okla. 

1921  Prxyborski,   Msx,   North  Chicago,   111. 
1921  Psaki,  Nicholas  G.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Puder,  George  H.,  Timber  Lake,  8.  D. 
1918  Pugb,  George  B.,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

1912  Pugh,   Robert  C,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1920  Pugh,  Thomas  H..  Dickinson.  N.  D. 

1922  Pugfae,  George  A.,  Craig,  Colo. 
1904  Pujo,  Anene  P.,  Lake  Charles,  La. 
1922  Pullen,  William  L.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1916  Puller,  Edwin  8.,  Washington.  D.  C 
1918  PiiHi^n.  John  S..  Bridgeport,  Conn. 

1906  Pulsifer.  Park  B.,  Concordia.  Kana. 

1921  Purcell,   William  A.,  Chicago,  IlL 
1911  Purcell.   William  E.,   Wahpeton,   N.   D. 
1921  Purdum,   James   P.,   Portsmouth,   Ohio. 

1921  Purdy,  Vail  E.,  Sioux  City,  Iowa. 

1917  Purdy.   Wallace  E.,   Brookings,  S.    Dak. 

1922  Purifoy,    Francia    Marion,    Montgomeryt 

Ala. 

1901  Pumell,  Clayton.  Frostburg,  Md. 

1907  Purrington.  Wm.  Archer,  New  York, 

N.  Y. 

1920  Puryear,   David,  Memphis.  Tenn. 

1921  Puryear,  Enrniet,  Danville,  Ky. 

1913  Pusey.  Fred.  Tavlor.  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

1922  Puterbaugh,    Johnson    W.,    San  Diogo, 

Cal. 

1916  Putnam.  F.  Delano,  Boston,  Mass. 

1921  Putnsm,  Frank  E.,  Blue  Earth,  Minn. 

1809  Putnam,  Harrin«(Cun,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

1911  Putnam,  James  L.,  New  York.  N.Y. 
1921  Putnam,   Robert  B.,   Millersburg,  Ohio. 
1899  Putnam.  William  L.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1914  Putney,  Edmonda.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1912  Pyle,  Emery  CUntoii,  Los  Angtlfla»  CU. 


1889  Qnaekenbush,  Jamet  L.,  Vyaek,  N.  T. 

1922  (^ckenbuah,    Russell   M.,   Santa    Rosa. 
OaL 

1918  Quaid,  Joba  E.,  El  Paso,  Texas. 
1897  Quail,  Frank  A.,  Cleveland,  OhiA. 

1920  Quail,  Robert  J.,  Ladington,  Mich. 

1919  Quarles,  Charles  B.,  Milwaukee.  Wis. 
1906  Quarles,  James,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

1918  Quarles,  Louis,  Milwaukee,  Wia. 

1912  Quarles.  William  a,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

1921  Quarton,  8.  D.,  Alfona,  Iowa. 

1919  Quasser,  Julius  H..  Chicago.  IlL 

1911  Qusttlebaum,  Julius  W.,  Anderwn.  8.  iX 

1916  Quayle,  Alexandres  J.,  Los  Angdes.  OaL 
1921  Quayle,  Bert  L.,  Ely,  Nev. 

1921  Quiat,  Ira  L.,  Denver,  OoL 

1919  Qulcke.  James  M..  Petersburg,  Va. 

1922  Quigg.    Murray   Towneend,    New   York. 

N.  Y. 

1918  Quigley,  Eugene.  Cleveland.  Ohio. 

1921  Quigley,  Hany  N.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1918  Quigley,  Henry  0..  Bellefonte,  Pa. 

1917  Quinby,  Henry  C.  Sew  York.  N.  Y. 

1922  Quinby,  William,  Boston,  Mass. 

1921  Quinlan,  Edward  J.,  Norwalk,  Ooaa. 

1914  Quinn.  Frank  J.,  Peoria.  I1L 

1911  Quinn.  Frank  S..  Texarkana.  AiIl 

1921  Quinn,  J.  H.,  Shelby,  N.  a 
19't7  Quinn.  John,   New  York.  N.  T. 

1922  Quinn,  Lewis  J.,  Racine,  Wis. 

1921  Quinn,  Michael  J.,   New  Haven.  09im. 

1918  Quinn.   Patrick  H..   Providence.   B.   L 

1919  Quinn.  Virtume  P.  A.,  Norwich,  Conn. 

1922  QuinoasB,  Jose  Ramon,  Sen  Joan,  P.   B. 
1916  Qiilnter.  Ralph  D..  Washington.  D.  Q. 
1922  Quintero,  J.  Marshall,  New  Orleans,  Us. 

1921  Quirk,  Robert  E.,  Washington,  D.  0. 
19^  Qvsle,   G    E..   Willmar.   Minn. 

1922  Rabe,  Rudolph  F..  New  York,  N.  T. 
1909  Rsckemann,  Charles  S..  Boston,  Mass. 
1911  Rackemann,  Felix,   Borton.  Mass. 
1922  Racklefl,  James  Lymui,  Portland,  Me. 
1921  Radcliffe,  C.   A.,  Lancaster,  Ohio. 

1920  Radcliffe,   George  L.,   Baltimore,   Md. 
1911  RaddifTe,  Samuel  J.,  Larimore,  N.  D. 

1920  Radford.  Frits  L..  Detroit.  Mich. 

-1922  Radir-Norton,    Vere,   Los  Angeles,   OaL 

1921  Raecke,  Walter  R.,  Central  City.  Neb^ 

1922  Raegner,  Louis  0.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Rsffety,  Hany  L.,  Portland.  Oreg. 
1914  Raftree.  Matthias  L..  Chicago,  IlL 

1922  Ragland,  R.  £.,  San  Francisco,  Oil. 
1916  Rsglsnd.   W.   A..  Mens.   Ark. 

1913  Ragland,  William  T..  Jefferson  Oty,  Mo. 
1916  Railey.  Lilbum  R.,  Miami.  Fla. 

1922  Raines,  George  CortiSi  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Raines,  Joseph  M.,  Phlrfleld,  OiL 

1920  Rainey,  Bob  M.,  OUaboma  CUj,  .ddk 


Aia>HABEnCAL  LIST  OF  KBKBBSS. 


889 


ABCTEO 

IMU  ftaftbel,  Edward  A.,  Bt.  Lonii.  Mo. 

1914  IUker»  John  E.,  Washington,  D.  O. 

loot  Ralls,  Joseph  Q.,  Atoka,  Okla. 

inT  Ralph,   Ridutfd  F.,   darton.   Mo. 

1898  Ralston,  Jackson  H.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

1022  Ralston,  John  M.,  Port  Angeles,  Wash. 

1918  Ramage,  C.  J.,  Saluda,  S.  C. 

1916  Ramho,  Ormond,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1919  Ramsajr,  Gordon  A.,  Chicago,   111. 
19S1  Raawburg,  Ira  OalTin,  Lewiston,  Md. 

1914  Ramsey,  George,   New  York,  N.   T. 

1910  Ramaey,  George  8.,  Muskogee,  Okla. 

1908  Rsmsej,  H.  J.,  Seattle,  Wash. 

1917  Ramsey,  Joseph  B.,  Rocky  Mount.  N.  C. 
1990  Ramsey,  Marcellus  D.   R.,  Indianapolis, 

Ind.  (Vienna,  Austria). 

1911  Ramsey,   Ruswll  K.,  Sandusky,  Ohio. 

1918  Ramsey,  William  C,  Omaha,   Nebr. 
1921  Ramsey,   William   R.,  Chicago,   111. 
1921  Ramseyer,  O.  W.,  Bloomfleld,  Iowa. 
1916  Rand,  John  L.,  Salem,  Ore. 

1907  Rand,  William,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1928  Randall,  Olaude  D.,  Spokane,  Wash. 

1916  Randall,  Daniel  R.,  Baltimore.  Md. 

1918  Randall,  Edmund  B.,  Paterson,  N.  J. 

1921  Randall,   Frank  E.,  Omaha,  Neb. 

1921  Randall,   Frank  Hall.  Iowa  City,  Iowa. 
1906  Randall,  Henry  R.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

1922  Randall,  L.  B.,  Los  Angeles,  Qsl. 

1918  Rsndall.  Robert  B.,  Freeport.  Maine. 
1922  Randall,  William  L.,  Omaha.  Neb. 
1922  Randell,  Andrew  L.,  Sherman,  Tex. 
1922  Randell,  0.  B.,  Sherman,  Tex. 
1922  Randolph,  Asa  F.,  Plainfleld,  N.  J. 

1915  Randolph.  Charica  T.,  Otrmi.   HI. 
1914  Randolph.  Edgar  D.,  Ls  Fsyette.  Ind. 

1909  Randolph,  Edward  H..  Shreveport.  La. 
1980  Randolph,  George,  Memphis.  Tenn. 

1912  Randolph,   Hollins  N.,   Atlanta.  Oa. 
1914  Randolph.  Kendall  B.,  St.  Joseph.  Mo. 

1916  Randolph,  WasseH.  Memphis,  Tenn. 

1910  Rankin,  Charles  W.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

1920  Rankin,  J.  W.,  Martin.  Tenn. 

1921  Rankin,  John  W.,  Los  Angeles,  Oil. 

1922  Ranldn,  Maurice  J.,  San  Jose,  Cal. 
1021  Rankin,  Wellington  D.,  Helena,  Mont. 

1920  Rankin.    William    A.,     Highland    Park 

Mich. 

1919  Ramey,  Dudley  P.,  Boston.  Mass. 
1891  Rsnuey,   Fletcher.   Boston,   Msss. 
1922  RsnMer,  Charles  B.,  Waterloo,  Iowa. 
1914  Ransom,  William  Lynn,   New  York, 

N.  T. 

im  Ranstead,  Arthur  D.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1909  Raper,  Emery  B.,  Lexington,  N.  O. 

1921  Raphael,  Jesse  S.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Rapp,  Stephen  K.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1021  Rappoport,  John  £.,  Chioinnati,  Ohio. 


1922  Rasch,  Simon,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1918  RasGO.  R.  D.,  De  Witt,  Ark. 

1914  Rasdeor,  Leo  8.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1909  Rassieur,'Tl]eodore,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

19S1  Ratclife,  u.  B.,  Oorington,  Ind. 

19&  Rateinre,  C.   A.,  Benkelman,  Neb. 

1922  Rathbone,  Albert,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Rathbone,  Henry  R.,  Chicago.  HI. 

1918  Rathbun,  Herbert  W.,  Westerly,  R.  1. 

1914  Rathgeber,  Emile  E.,  Long  Island  City. 

N.  Y. 

1921  Ranch,  George  L.,  Portland.  Oreg. 

1921  Rauch,   John  G.,   Indianapolis,  Ind. 

1921  Rault,  Joseph  M.,  New  Orleans,  La. 

1921  Raup,  George  S.,  Springfield,  Ohio. 

1878  Rawie,  Francis,  Philadelphia.  Ps. 

1in4  Rawley,  James  Kent,  Richmond.  Vs. 

1919  Rawlina,  Edward  W.,  Chicago,  til. 

1920  Rawlins,  William  T.,  Honolulu.  Hawaii 
1918  Rawla,  William  L.,  Baltimore.  Md. 

1921  Rawson,  L.  Q.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
1901  Ray.  Charles  T.,  Loulsrllle.  Ky. 
1918  Ray,  George  W.,  Norwich,  N.  T. 
1917  Ray,  J.   Bis.  BumsviHe.   N.  C. 

1916  Ray,  J.  Enos,  Jr.,  Chillum,  Md. 

1917  Ray.  John  H.,  Jr.,  Minneapalis,  Minn. 

1921  Ray,  L.  V.,  Seward,  Alaska. 
1928  Ray,  W.  J.,   Medora,  N.  D. 

1915  Ray,  William  W..  Salt  Uke  City.  Utah. 

1922  Raymond,  Albert,- San  Francisco, '  Oal. 

1920  Raymond,  Anon,  Omahs,  Nebr. 

1921  Raymond,  O.  W.,  Watseka,  HI.  ' 

1917  Raymond.  E.  C.  New  Castlp,  Wyo. 
1915  Raymond.  Eugene^   PhiladpTphia.  Pa. 
1921  Raymond,  Fred  M..  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 
1011  Raymond.  Robert  F..  Boston,  Mass. 
Iin4  Raynolds,  Herbert  F.,  Santa  Fe.   K.  M. 

1918  Ra>'sor,  Thomas  M..-  Orangeburg.  8l   C. 
1912  Read.  Cloyd  H..  Dallas.  Texas. 

1921  Read,  Frederick  P.,   Chicago,  111. 

1918  Read.  Ralph  L.,  Des  Moines,  lows. 

1911  Resd,   Willtsm  T.,   New  York,  N.   Y. 
1918  Resd,  William  T..  Camden,  N.  J. 
1921  Reading,  Arthur  K.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1914  Reading,  John  G.,  Willfamsport.  Pa. 
1930  Ready,  Frank  J..  NashTille.  Tenn. 

1912  Ready,  James  H..  Omaha.   Nebraska. 
1921  Resdy,   Wendell,   Wellington,  Ksn. 
1920  Resmes,  Alfred  Evan,  Medford,  Ora. 
1918  Reames.  Clarence  L..  Seattle.  Wash. 
1920  Resrdon,   W.    E.,    Midland,    Mich. 
1014  Reardon.  William  J..  Pekin.  Hi. 

1018  Rearick,   Bertram  D.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1914  Rearick.  George  F.,  Danville.  HI.     * 

1920  Reasor.  E.  D.,  Shawnee,  Okla. 
1914  Reass,  Benjamin,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Reaves,  O.  K.,  Tampa,   Fla. 

1918  Beber,  J.  Howard,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


840 


AMSBIGAN   BAB  A8600IATIOK. 


UQI  Beetor,  Edward,  CUcago,  IlL 

1914  B«ctor,  Fred  O.,  Columbuf,  OUou 

1914  B«ctor,  N.  A.,  Awtin,  Texat. 

19»  Bedden,  J.  M.,  Pittsborgh,  Pa. 

1909  Beddin,  John  H.»  Denvar,  Colo. 

1889  Baddijig,  Joaepb  D.,  San  Fraoaiaoo,  OaL 

1894  Redding,  William  A..  New  York,  N.  T. 

19U  Beddocb,  Cbarlea  F.,  Boiae.  Idate. 

1902  Bedlleld,  Heniy  S.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

191B  Redick,  Oak  C,  Oaialu,  Nebr. 

1918  Redick,  Winiam  A.,  Omaha,  Nebr. 

1921  Redington,    Arthur   H.,   San  Frandaoo, 
Oftl. 

1918  Redman,  Lander  A.,  San  Frandaco,  CaL 

1920  Redmond,  Charica  H.,  Denver,  Oolo. 
lilS  Redmond,  John  W.,  Newport,  Vt 

19i4  Redmond,  WllUam  W.,  MaiTavlUe.  Kant. 

1914  Bedwlnc,  B.  B.,  Monroe,  N.  0. 

1907  Reed,  Albert  A.,  DenTer,  Oolo. 

1919  Reed,  Bert  A.,  Ooeur  d'Alene,  Idaha 

1908  Reed,  Oarl  W.,  Creaco,  Iowa» 

1921  Reed,  Clarence  C,  Brockton,  Maaa. 
1921  Reed,  D.  Curtia,  Poraeroy,  Ohio. 

1911  Reed,  David  Aiken,  Pitlabargh,  Pa. 
1921  Reed,   Brvln  E.,   Ifonticello,    Iowa. 
1921  Read,  Fnmk  D.,  Ifadiaon,  Wia. 
1897  Reed,  Frank  F.,  Chicago,  nt 

1916  Reed,  George  If.,  Waynearille,  Mo. 

1921  Reed,   Harry  D.,  Waycroaa,  Ga. 
1901  Reed,  Henry  T.,  Creico,  Iowa. 
1990  Reed,  J.  T.,  Hi«o,  Colo. 

1916  Reed,  Jamea  A.,  Kanaaa  City,  Ma 
19U  Reed,  Jamea  H..  Pittaburgh,  Pa. 

1912  Reed,  John  P.,  Chicago,  IIL 
1918  Reed,  John  W.,    ClewfUld,    Pa. 
1928  Reed,  Louia  F.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1914  Reed,  Richard  F.,   Natchea.  Mim. 
1918  Reed,  Robert  R.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Reed,  Tliomaa  B.,  Loa  Angelea,  Cal. 
1922  Reed,  Hiomaa  M.,  Jnaeau,  Alaaka. 
1922  Reed,  Warren  A.,  Brockton,  Mas. 
1894  Beed.  William  H.,  Paducah,  Ky. 
1918  Beed,  Wttlia  B.,  Madiaon,  Ne*  r. 
1921  Beeder,  O.  B.,  Jr.,  Amarillo,  Tezaa. 

1917  Becdcr,  Charlea  W..  Milwaukee,  Wia. 

1921  Reader,  Prentiai  E.,  Kanaaa  City,  Mo. 

1922  Reader,  W.  H.,  Jr.,  Ogden,  Utah. 

1909  Beet,  Allen  F.,  Houghton.  Mich. 

1917  Beeae.    Millard,    Brunswick.    Oa. 

1920  Beeae,  B.  Pope.  Pensacola,  Fla. 
19tt  Reere,  Jay  Fred,  Chicago,  HI. 

1916  Reevea,  Albert  L.,  Jeffenon  City,  Ma 

1894  Reevca.  Alfred  0..  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1918  Reevw,  Francis  T.,  Watertrary,  Conn. 
1920  Reerea,  George  E.,  Tulaa,  Okla. 

1982  Began,  Jamea  S.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Began,  Wflliam  D.,  Lowell,  Maaa. 


1901  Begennitter,   Erwin  U,  Idaho  Spriaga. 

Cola 

1917  Begiater,  Don,  WinterhaTen,  Fla. 

1919  Begiater,  F.  H.,  Bismarck.  N.  D. 

1928  Rehorat,  Frank  J.,  New  Hampton,  lowm. 

1922  Reich,  Max,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Reich,   William,   Trenton,   N.  J. 

1912  Reichmana,  Alex.  F.,  Chicago,  OL 

1912  Raid,  A.  H.,  Wauaau,  Wia. 

1907  Raid,  Ambroae  B.,  Pittaburgh,  Pa. 

1917  Raid,  Benjamin  F.,  Dothan,  AU. 

1921  Reid,    Charlea   A.,    Waahingtoo   O.    B., 

Ohia 

1919  Reid,  Erie  H.,  Torrington,  Wya 

1909  Reid,    George  T.,  Tacoma,   Waah. 

1921  Reid,  Henry  S.,  Fincaatle,  Va. 
1980  Reid,  John  G.,  Hngo,  Cola 

1922  Reid,  Robert  W.,  Seattle,  Wadi. 

1909  Reid,   William  a,   Albnquerqua.   N.  M. 

1921  Reiffert,  Edith  A.,  Woo<tatock,  M.  T. 

1921  Reiher,  Hany  W.,  Chicago,  OL 

1918  Reilly,  Edward  J..  Brooklyn,  fk  T. 

1921  Reilly,  Jamea,  Springfield,  IIL 
1912  Reilly,  Paul,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1914  RellsUb,  John.  Trenton,  N.  J. 

1918  Relyea.   WUliam  0.,  Yonkera,  H.  T. 

1918  Remak,  Guatavus,  Jr.,  Philaddphin,  Pa. 
1907  RemidK,  James  W.,  Concord,  N.  H. 

1922  Remington,  Arthur,  Taooma,  Waah. 
1019  Remington,  Charlea  C,  ProWdcnoe, 

R.  L 

1921  Remke,  Richard,  Cincinnati,  Ohla 

1921  Remley,  H.  M.,  Anamoaa,  Iowa. 

1919  Remley,  R.  G..  Wefaeter  City,  Iowa. 

1922  Remmen,  M.  B.,  Hettinger,  N,   D. 
1917  Remmen,  Oliver  T.,  St.  Loola,  Mo. 

1915  Remaen,  Daniel  8.,  New  York,  K.  T. 

1917  Remaen,    Phoenix,    Cazenoria,    R.    Y. 
1021  Remater,  Gharles,   Indianapolis   Ind. 

1920  Reny,  John  A.,  Guthrie,  Okla. 
1922  Rendon,  Oecfl  Paul,  Stockton,  Oal. 
1012  Rcnehan,  A.  B,  SanU  Fe,  M.   IC 

1916  Renihan,  Joaeph,  Grand  Rapida,  Mich. 
1919  Reno,  Claude  T.,  Allentown,  Pa. 

1918  Benahaw,  W.  C.  W.,  Himtii«ton,  W.  Ya. 
1982  Beatner,  Otto  C,  Chicago,  IIL 

1921  Bepetto,  Frank  H.,  Chicago,  OL 

1921  Reppy,   Roy  Y.,  Loa  Angelea,  OkL 

1922  Rea  Leure,  J.  F.,  San  Franciaoo,  GU. 

1921  Rettew,  J.  Barton,  Philadelphia,  Pten. 

1922  Reyman,  Harold  a,  San  Fmnciacok  Ghl. 
1914  Reynolda,  A.  G..  Patncaville.  OUo. 
1021  Reynolda,  Allen  S.,  Poughkeepalc,  N.  Y. 
1918  Reynoldi^  Cari  H.,  Lanaing.  Mich. 
1916  R^oldi,  Edward  a,  Portland,  Mc. 
1911  Reynolds,  George  V..  St.  Loeda.  Ma 
1922  Reynolda,  Howard  W.,  Loa  Angdea,  OaL 
1980  R^ynoldi^  J.  L.,  Nariivflle,  l^mi. 


ALPHABBTICAL  LIST  OF  UBMBEB8. 


841 


191S  B49«oUK  JanMi  Buooaoo,  North 

CkMm. 

ins  lUynoldi.  John,  Pbiladelpbia,  Pa. 

1910  "B/fiyaeMt,  John  Chtndler,  Jaclonnviltob 

FU. 

Itl4  Ikjniolda,  John  If.,  Bedford,  Pa. 

1914  B4inK>ldi,  L«m«rd  J.,  New  Yorlc.  N.  T. 

19»  Be^Bidda.  Nomuu  S.,  Ilmkogee.  OUa. 

1981  Reynolda,  8.  V.,  Oakalooea,  Iowa. 

19flS  Refaolda,  Thomaa  B.,  VaoaviUe,  Oal. 

1909  BejnoMi,  TlioiiMa  H.,  Kaaaai  Olty,  Mo. 

1911  Resac,  AntOB  A.,  Diamine,  Neb. 
Un  Bbenlqr,  Gould  Q.,  Wfindngtoii,  Del. 
19K  RlKjada,  Kmeet  L.,  Denver,  Oolo. 
19U  Rhoadi,  Fred.  Paria,  111. 

1991  Blioada»  Oeorge  a,  8helbril]«,  m* 

m»  Bhodea,  Carey  W.,  OUcago,  01. 

1918  Bhodei,  D.  L.,  Nampa,  Idalio. 
1914  Rhodei,  Harry  A.,  SeaUle,  WailL 

1914  Shodea,  Jaaiea  B.,  9d.,  Hartford,  Oona. 

1914  Rliodai;  If.   &,  Waafalnffton.  D.   a 

1915  BlioBe^  Moitlner  O.,  WUliaaaaport,  Pa. 

1917  Rhne,   h.   Terde,   Johmtewn,   Pa. 

1916  Bloe,  Albert  W.,  Boaton.  Mam. 

1991  Rioe,  Cleaveland  J.,  New  Haven,  Oona. 

19S1  Bloe,  Oorrinne  L.,  Obicago,  01. 

1921  Rice,  Qjrma  W.,  Grand  Rapids,  Iffch. 

1919  Rloe,  DaTid  Perry,  Rockland,  Itaaa. 
1928. Rice,  Earl  O.,  Seattle,  Waab. 

1981  Rice.  Bdward  W.,  Globe,  Arla^ 

1917  Rioe,  Fraaer  Lea,  New  Orleaaa,  La. 

1918  Rice,  Herbert  A.,  Providence,  H.  L 
1911  Rice,  John  a,  Boaton,  IfaaL 

1988  Rice,  Julian,  New  7ork,  N.  Y. 

1918  Biee,  Morria  D..  Oabora,  Obio. 

1990  Rice,  PbUip  L,  Libue  Kauai,  Hawaii. 

1919  Rice,  Robert  ClilTord,  Galeaburg,  01. 
1981  Rioe,  William  O.,  Boston,  lleas. 
1908  Bice,  Wmiam  B.,  Warren,  Pa. 

1906  Rioe,  WiHSam  G.,  Deadwood,  &  D. 

1916  Rich,   BeoJamift  U,  Salt  Lake  City, 

Utah. 

1806  Ricb,  Bordett  A..  Rocbeater,  N.  T. 

1916  Rich,  Edgar  J.,  Boaton,  Maaa. 

1906  Rich,  Edaon,  Omaha,  Nebr. 

1981  Rich,  Bdward  A.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1911  Ridi,  Bdward  N.,  Balttmora,  Md. 

1107  Rich,  George  F.,  Berlin,  N.  H. 

1918  Rich,   Oeoige  P.,   Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1981  Rich,  John  L.,  Cincinnati,  Ohiow 

1921  Rich,  Maurice  a.  New  York,  N.  T. 

1911  Richards,   Albin  L.,  Boston.  Mass. 

1921  Richards,  B.  N.,  Oalhart,  Tezaa. 

1922  Richaida»  Charles  L.,  Reno,  Nev. 

1981  Riefaards,  Charles  W.,  Indlanapolia,  Ind. 

1988  Richarda,  D.  B.,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 

1988  Richards,    David    W.,    flan    Bernardino, 
Ohl. 


1918   Bidiarda,  Blner  B.,  Famingtoii,  Maine. 
1982    Riobarda,  Frank  tBrila,  Salt  Lake  aty, 

Utah. 
1916    Richarda,  IVanklin  &,  Salt  Lake  aty, 

Utah. 
1981    Richards,  George,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1918    Richards,    H.    CaapbeU.     WbMUi«, 

W.  Va. 
1809   Richards,  Hany  &,  Madlaon,  Wla. 
1082    Richarda,  John  E.,  flan  Fraadaoo,  Oal. 
1906    Ucbards,  John  T.,  Chlaago,  OL 
1918    Bicbards,  N.  C,  North  Yakima,  Wash. 
.1918    RIobards,  Robert  H.,  Wilmli«toa.  DsL 
1916    Richards,  flanmel  H.,  Camden,  N.  J. 
1916    Richarda,  Stephen  L..  Salt^Lake  City, 

Utah. 
1918    Richardson,  Connul  P.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1916   RIebardson,  D.  A.,  Oklahoma  City.  Okla. 
1916   Richardson.   David  C,   Richnoad.   Va. 
1911   Bfahardson,  B.  Stanly,  Phiiadelpbia,  Pa. 
1817   Rtebardma,  Bmmet  L.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
1922    Richardson,  F.  U,  San  Diego,  Cat 
1918   Richardson,  Harold  J..  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
1918    Richardson,  Harrti,  flt  Paul,  Mian. 
1981    Rtehardson,     Heibert     H.,     fltoneham. 


1918  Richardson,    James  Di,    MuittseJbuiu, 

Tenn. 

1881  RichardaoD,  James  P.,  Henover,  N.  H. 

1988  Richardson,  John,  Boston,  MaaL 

1916  Richardson,  John,  CUoafo,  HI. 

1914  Richardson,  John  H.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1018  Richardaon,  John  8.,  Beaton,  Mms. 

1916  Ricbardaon,  MarsbaU  P.,  Ja&MviUe,  Wia. 

1922  Ricbardaon,    Robert    W.,    Loa    Aagdes, 

OaL 

1894  Eichaidaon,  W.  K..  Boaton,  Mass. 

1021  Ricbardaon,    William    B.,    Washington, 

D.  O. 

1916  Rkterdibn,  WOUam  F.,  BMoklyn,  N.  T. 

1009  Ricihbsrg,  Donald  E.,  Gbleago,  Dl 

1919  Ridksy,  Oscar  Turner,  Tucson,  Aria. 

1920  Richmaa,  Frank  N.,  Columbua.  Ind. 
1922  Richman,  Qrover  C,  Camden,  N.  J. 
1981  Rlrhman,    Irving  B.,   Muacatiae,   Iowa. 
1981  RfahasanB,  0.  E.,  Osdar  Rapids,  Iowa. 
1919  Richmond,  HarriB  M.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1981  Richmond,  John  A.,  Covington,  Kj. 

1921  Bicholsen,  BenJ.  P.,  Chicago,  Ql. 

1921  Richter,  Erwin  E.,  San  Frandsoo,  Cal. 

1916  Rickard,  James  Bldde,  Santa  Barbara, 

Calif, 

1919  Rickard,  Jamea  H.,  Woonaocket,  K  L 

1981  RIckel,  Heniy,  Cedar  Rapida,  Iowa. 

1981  Sickelman,  Harry  J.,  Eflhigham,  IlL 

1981  Rickert,  Joaeph  W.,  Waterloo,  ID. 

1914  Rtcketta,  John  B.,  Gieeavills,  8.  O. 

1980  Rickatts,  Robert  &,  Jackson,  Mim. 


%42 


▲KEBICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


1922  Bicka,  Jmm  J«y,  N«w  York,  M.  T. 

1020  Riddee,  GeorKe  W.,  DaUac,  Tte. 

19a  Bidden,  Huffh,  Irvine,  Ky. 

1980  Biddick,  Edward  O.,  Mempbia,  Tcnn. 

1921  Biddick,   W.  O.,   Little  Bock,  Ark. 
191S  Biddle,  Harry  Oaraoo,  Denyer,  Colo. 

1915  Biddle,  Lee,  Loe  Angelea.  Cat 

1910  Bider,  George  C,   Pekin,   III. 

1916  Bidgely,  Claifde  V.,  Gary,  lad. 

1915  Bidgdy,  Henry,  Dover,  Del. 

1922  Bidgway,  Albert  B.,  PortlMul,  Ore. 
19ia  RIdffway,  Thomas,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 
19C2  Bidfwiay,  Thomas  C,  Loa  Angelea,  Ckl. 

1913  Riegelman,  Charleis  A.,  New  York.  N.  T. 
1922  Biegdman,  Harold,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Riegelmann.  Edward.  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
1921  Bieger,  Louis,  Ohieago,  111. 

1914  Rielly,  William  J.,  Citicinnati.  Ohio. 
1914  Riely,  Henry  C,  Richmond,  Va. 
1928  Blepe,  Oarl  C,   Bnrlington,  lowi. 

1921  Bkvtord,   Louis  0.,  Southbiidge,  ICaaa. 
1920  Rifenburgh.  George  L.,  Albeny,  N.  Y. 
1920  Blfklnd,  Albert  J..  New  York,  N.  T. 

1916  Bigby,  William  0.,  Chicago,  111. 

1917  Rigdon,  diaries  L.,  Cheyenne.  Wyo. 

1922  Biggins,  Clarence  W.,  Napa,  Oal. 
1922  Riggina,  Harley  B.,  Loa  Angeles,  CaL 
1916  Riggs,  Laurie  H.,  Baltimore.  Md. 

1909  Rightmire,  George  W..  Columbus,  Ohio. 

1922  Bigler,  8.   P.,  Hebron,  N.  D. 

1890  Riker,  Adrian,  Newark,  N.  J. 

1911  Biker.  Bamnel.  Jr..  New  York^  N.  Y. 

1920  BIley,   Albert  G.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 
1922  Biley,  B.  H.,  Burlington,  Ky. 

1921  Riley,  B.  T.,  Paola,  Kan. 

1916  Riley,  Prank  L.,  Wort^ester,  Mass. 

1914  Riley.  George  B..  Cleveland.  Ohio. 

1920  BIley,  H.  X,  BennettsviHe.  8.  C. 
1916  Riley,  Harriaon  B.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1916  Riley.  Henry  C,  Jr.,  New'Hadrid.  Mo. 

1922  Biley,  BtaniaUua  A.,  San  Drancisco,  Oil. 

1917  Riley,  T.  S.,  Wheeling,  W.  Va. 

1921  Biley,  Terrence,   Weston,  Mo. 

1916  Riley,  Thomas  P.,  Maiden,  Maas. 

1920  BUey,  WillUm  F.,  Dea  Moines,  Iowa. 
1906  Binaker,  Bamuel,  Beatrice*  Nebr. 

1919  RInaker,  Samuel  M..  Chicago.  HI. 
1906  Bine,  John  A.,  Omaha,  Kebr. 

1895  Rinehsrt,  C.   D..   Jacksonville,    Pla. 

1921  Ring,  Van  H.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1921  Ringer,  Victor  H.,  Willlamsport,  Ind. 

1922  Rinto,  Arthur,  Ashtabula,  Ohio. 
1921  Biopelle,    Oacar   A.,    Detroit,    Mfcfa. 
1906  Biordan.  Daniel  E..  Milwaukee.  Wis. 
1913  Riordan,  Philip  J.,  Minneapolis.  Minn. 

1915  Bipp^,  Harlan  W.,  Rochrater,  N.  Y. 

1917  Ri«)ord,  QuUick  N.,  Ashland.  Wla. 
1919  Bislcj.  Williani  8.,  Alhu^,  Oregon. 


1916  Biatine.  Cart  L.,  Ltslngtoa.  Mo. 

1918  Ritchie,  Albert,  New  Rocbella.  N.  Y. 
1908  Ritchie.  Albert  C,  Aanapolia,  Md. 

1917  Bitc^e,  Arthur,  Belfast,  Maine. 

1920  Bitchie,  L.  8.  B..  Valley  aty,  N.  D. 
1912  Ritchie,  William.  Chicago,  UL 

ms  Riter,  W.  D.,  Washington,  D.  a 

1911  Bittenbouaa,  George  B.,  OklahonMi  aty. 

Okla. 

1918  Bitter.  A.  Howard,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 
1922  Bitter,  Allan  Gerald,  Loa  Angelea,  OaL 

1919  Ritter,  Claude  D.,  Birmtagharo,  Ala. 

1912  Bitter,  Frederick  W..  Jr.,   Washington. 

D,  a 

1917  Ritter.  George  W.,  Toledo^  Ohio. 
1922  Bitter,  Halated  L.,  Denver,  Cola. 

1916  Ritter,  J.  Alfred.  Jr..  Oolotado  arrtacn. 
Colorado. 

1915  Bitterbuflch,  Hugo  H.,  Hew  Tofk,  B.  T. 

1911  Rita,  Harold  A.,  Charleston.  W.  Va. 

1921  Rivera,  A.  V.,  Ohama,  N.  Max. 

1919  Bivers,  E.  D.,  Mllltown.  Oa. 

1921  Bivers,  M.  BuUedge,  Chafleaftoo,  S.  OL 

1921  Rivers,  William  E.,  Bnoson.  Fla. 

1921  Rives,  Frank,  Hopkinsville,  Ky. 

1921  Rivet,  Oharlca  J.,  New  Orleana,  La. 

1912  Rix,  Cari  B.,  MUwankee,  Wla. 

1918  Rixford.   E.    H.,  Ban   Francisco,  CaL 
1921  Bixford,  Halaey  L.,  San  Frandaoo,  OaL 

1921  Roach,  Charlea  B.,  Wssfaington,  D.  O. 
1918  Roach,  E.  C,  Roek  Rapiik.  Iowa. 

1920  Roach,  L.  J.,  Muakogee.  Okla. 
1918  Roads,  George  M.,  PottsvHIe,  Pa. 
1906  Rohb,  Charles  H.,  Wsshington,  D.  C 
1901  Robbins,  Charlea  A.,  Lincoln.  Nebr. 

1922  Bobbina,    Harlaiid    0.,    Cedar    Rapids. 

Iowa. 

1895  Robbfna,  Henry  8.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1922  BobUns,   Jerome  W.,  Chicago,   IB. 

1908  Robbina.  Josephus  E..  Mayffeld,  Ky. 

1021  Bobbins,  Lee  B.,  Norwich,  Conn. 

1922  Bobbins,  Lloyd  M.,  San  Francisco,  OaL 

1922  Bobbina,  Milo  B.,  San  Francisoo,  OU. 

1916  Bobbins,    Nathaniel   Vlck.    Vlokrimrg. 

Miss. 

1922  Robenaon,  Will  8.,  Bicfamond,  OaL 

1921  Roberds,  W.  O.,  West  Point,  Mtan 
1921  Boberaon,   Frank,  Jackson,  Miaa. 
1914  Robetaon,  L.  E.,  Live  Oak.  Fla. 

1916  Robenon,  Wescott,  High  Point,  N.  OL 

1911  Robert,  Douglas  W.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1912  Roberts,  C.  Wilson,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 
1916  Roberta,  Charlea  F.,  New  Haven.  Coon. 
1918  Roberts.  Clarence  J.,  Santa  Fe.  N.  M. 

1921  Roberts,  Ernest  W.,  Waahingtoa,  D.  O. 

1922  Roberta,  G.  M.,  Medford,  Ore. 
1894  Roberts.  George  L.,  Brookline,  Vaka 
1914  Boberta,  George  L..  Pftttbmgh,  Pia. 


ALPHABBrriCAL   LIST   OF   MBMBJ&Rti. 


843 


ILKOraD 

1905  Robeitt,  HarUn  P.,  MinnMpolU.  Minn. 
ISQ  Roberta,  Bmxtj  E.,   Marion,  Ind. 
19S0  Roberta,  Henry  Hueitt,  Detroit,  Mich. 
19a  Roberta,  Horace  W.,  Mankato,  Minn. 
vm  Roberta,  J.  K.,  Bcattyrille,  Ky. 

10n  Roberta,  Jeeae  Elmer,  Chicago,  IlL 

VKL  Roberta,  J<rtiB,  Norton,  Ta. 

19tl  Roberta,  John,   Wiaeonain  Rapida,  Wia. 

1906  Roberta,  John  W.,  Seattle,  Waah. 
1910  Roberta,  Leonard  G.,  Boaton,  Maa^ 

1918  Roberta,  Milton  A.,  Ottunwa,  Iowa. 

1919  Roberta,  Odin,  Boaton,  Mmi. 

1909  Roberta,  Owen  J.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
1918  Roberta,  Richard  J.,  Wewoka.  Okla. 

1918  Roberta,  Robert,  Burlington,  Vt 

1900  Roberta,  WilUani  P.,  Minneapolia,  Minn. 

1914  RobertaoB,  A.  Reaton,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

1914  Robertaon,  Atexander  O.  M..  Honolulu. 

Hawaii. 

1990  Robertson,  B.  D.,  Marianna,   Ark. 

1919  Robertaon,  Egbert,  Chicago.  111. 

1914  Robertaon.  Fred.,  Kanaaa  City,  Ranaaa. 

1928  Robertaon,    George   M.,    San    Pranciaoo, 

Oal. 

1918  Robertaon,  Henry  G.,  Franklin,  N.  O. 

1988  Robertson,    Howard,    Loa   Angeles,   Oal. 

1920  Robertaon,  Howard  S.,  Denver,  Colo. 

1921  Robertaon,     Hugh     R.,     San     Antonto* 

Texas. 

1918  Robertaon,  J.  K  A..  Oklahoma  City. 

OUa. 

1900  Robertaon.  James.  Minneapolia.  Minn. 

1918  Robertaon,  Jamca  M.,  Mertdian.  Texaa. 

1981  Robertaon,   Peter  T.,  Yuma,  Aria. 

1918  Robertaon.  R.  K..  Sapulpa,  Okla. 

1916  Robertaon,  Ralph  E.,  Juneau.  Alaska. 

1981  Robertaon,   S.   8.,  Pittsburgh,   Penn. 

1928  Robertaon,  Samuel  R.,  Denver,  Colo. 

1921  Robertaon,  T.  W.,  Shreveport,  La. 

1918  Robertaon,  Tbomaa  B.,  Hopewell,  Va. 

19Z1  Robertaon,     Thomaa     E.,     Washington, 

D.  0. 

1918  Robertson,  William  F.,  Dallaa.  Texaa. 
1981  Robeaon,  Robert  J.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1981  Robillard,  Basil,  Niagara  Falla,  N.  Y. 

1919  Robfneau,  Simon  Pierre,  Miami,  Fla. 
1928  Robina,  H.  M.,  Aaheboro,  N.  C. 
1921  Robina,  John  B.,  Orlafleld,  Md. 
1918  Robina,  John  Q..  Tupelo,  Miaa. 

1981  Robinson,  Arthur  R.,  Indianapolia,  Ind. 

1918  Robinaon,  Beverley  R.«  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1981  Robinson,  C.  B.,  Orlando,  Fla. 

1981  Robinson,  Oar!  B.,  Jackson viUe»  HI. 

1981  Robinson,     Charles     McK.,     Columbua, 

Ohla 

1988  RobinsQii,  dement  P.,  Portland,  Me. 

1910  BaMnson,  Dcen  L.,  Hooghtoo,  Mich. 


SLBCTCO 

1921  Robinson,      Oelbert      T.,      Cbarteston, 

W.  Vs, 

1988  Robinaon,  Dodl^.  Loa  Angelea,  Oal. 

1988  Robinson.  Edward  0..  Oakland.  Cal. 

1828  Robinson,  Elmer  E.,  San  Franciaoo,  OBl. 

1917  Robinson,  H.  McD.,  Fayetteville.  N.  C. 
1911  Robinson,  Harold  L.,  Dniontown,  Pa. 
1982  Robinaon,  Harry  J.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1981  Robinaon,    Howard  L.,   Olarbburg,    W. 

Va. 

1918  Robinson,  Ira  E.,  Waahington,  D.  O. 
1914  Robinaon,  J.  C,  Hartington,  Nebr. 
1928  Robinaon,  J.  B.,  Denver,  Colo. 

1919  Robinson,  J.  F.,  Tunica,  Miss. 

1981  Robinson  Jamca  J.,  Princeton,  Ind. 

1918  Robinaon,  Jed  W.,  Grafton,  W.  Va. 
1914  Robinaon,  John  C,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1928  RobiMon,  John  J.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1911  Robinaon,  Joseph  T.,  Lonoke,  Ark. 

1910  Robinson,  Lucius  F.,  Hartford,  Conn. 

1919  Robinaon,  Max,  Loa  Angelas,  Cal. 
1918  Robinaon,  Morgan  P.,  Richmond,  Va. 

1918  Robinaon,  Nelaon  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1919  Robinson,  Percy,  Denver,  Colo. 
1921  Robinson,  R.  D.,  Gslesburg,  111. 
1921  Robinson,  Silaa  A.,  Middletown,  Conn. 

1911  Robinaon.  Thomaa  H..  Bel  Air.  Md. 

1918  Robinaon,  Thomaa  N.,  Holland,  Mich. 

1921  Robinaon,     Thomaa    R.,     New    Haven, 
Conn. 

1922  Robinaon,  Thomas  W.,  Loa  Angelca,  Oal. 

1911  Robinaon,  V.  Gilpin,  Media.  Pa. 

1917  Robinaon.  W.  a  0*B..  Goldsboro.  N.  a 
1928  Robinaon,  Wataon  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1922  Robinaon,  William  H.,  Loa  Angeles,  Oal. 
1914  Robinson.  William  J.,  Honolulu,  HawaiL 

1919  Robinaon,  William  M..  Pittri>urgh,  Pa. 
1921  Robira,  John  J.,  Jennings,  La. 
1896  Robson.  Frank  E.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1912  Robaon,  Stuart  M.,  Springfield.  Maaa. 
1921  Roche,  Theo.  J.,  San  Franciaoo,  Cat 

1982  Rock,  Logan  N^  Waahington,  D.  0. 
1907  Rockafellow.  J.  B..  Atlantic,  Iowa. 

1921  Rockel,  Henry  L.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1912  Rockhold.  Frank  A..  Chicago,  111. 

1918  Rockwell,  F.  J.,  Akron,  Ohio. 
1900  Rockwood,  C.  J..  Minneapolia,  Minn. 

1922  Rockwood,  J.  E.,  Kaliapell,  Mont. 
1911  Rnrkwood,  Nash.  Saratoca  Sprinca.  N.  Y. 
1921  Roddewig,  Lonia  E.,  Davenport,  Iowa. 

1920  Roddy,  Stephen  R.,  Chattanoora,  Tena. 
1910  Rode,  Henry  J.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1906  Rodenbeck,  A.  J.,  Rocheater,  N.  Y. 

1921  Roderick,  Solomon  P.,  Chicago,  HI. 
1910  Rodger,  H.  D.,  Shanghai.  China. 
1928  Rodgera,  J.  E.,  Martinez,  Oal. 
1918  Rodgera,  Rollin  W.,  Texarkana,  Texaa. 
1980  Bodgcn,  W.  a,  Nashville,  Ark. 


844 


AJUBBICAN   BAB  AfiSOOIATION. 


19Q8  Rodgcn,  WillUm  B.,  Butte,  Mont. 

1913  Rodman,  Walter  C,  Philadelphia;  Pa. 
1911  Bodman,  William  Blouat.  Norfolk,  ¥a. 
1922  Bodney,  Richard  &,  New  Outle,  Dd. 

1910  Bodriguex-Serra,  Manuel,  Saa  Juan, 

Porto  Bice. 

1922  Boe,  Obarlc^  Oaraoii,  Iowa. 

1921  Boe,  Ollfford  O.,  Ohicaffo,  m. 

1907  Boe,  Cailbert  E.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1921  Boe,  W.  O.,  Frederick,  Okla. 

1921  Boe,   Willia  E.,  Eaat  OhicMTO*   lod. 

1917  Roebke.  Emll.  St.  Louli.  Mo. 
1921  Roedel,  Oferl,  Shawneetown,  IlL 

1921  Roeder,  Jehial  M.,  New  Tork,  N.  T. 

1922  Boehl,  A.  B.,  San  Fraodaoo,  OaL 
1916  Roehrlg.  Emil.  Warrenton,  Mo. 

1921  Boemer,  Caroline  H.  Pier,  Fond  du  Lac, 
Wia. 

1920  Roeseel,  Robert  A..  8t.  Louis,  Mo. 

1921  Roeoiler,  A.  B.,  Oincinnati,  Ohio. 

1921  Roettinger,    Stanley    Olay,    Oincinnati, 

.Ohio. 

1922  Rogeia,  Allen  E.,  San  Diego,  Oal. 
1921  Rogen,  Oharlea  P.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1919  Rogers,  Edmiind,  Denver,  Oolo. 

1920  Rogera,  Edward  H.,  Detroit.  Midi. 
1906  Rogers,  Edward  a^  Chicago,  Til. 

1921  Rogers,   Frank  a,   Chicago,   HI. 

1918  Rogers,  Gustarua  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Rogers,   H.    Kenneth,   Cincinnati,   Ohio. 
1990  Rogers,  H.  T.,  Dyersbnrg,  Tenn. 

1914  Rogen,  Harry  H.,  San  Antonio,  Texas. 
1896  Rogers,  Henry  T.,  Denver,  Colo. 

1884  Rogers,  Henry  Wade,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Rogers,  Hopewell  L.,  Chicago,  111. 

190r  Rogers,  Hubert  E..  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1914  Rogers,  Jssies  C,  Hyatlsville,  Md. 

1921  Rogers,    Jamea   Cunninghsm,    Washing- 
ton, D.  O. 

1916  Rogers,  James  Grafton,  Denver,  Colo. 

1921  Rogers,  John  C,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1921  Rogers,  John  W..  Kansas  City,  Mb. 

1921  Rogers,    Lyman   Wright,   Canton,   Ohio. 

1922  Rogers,  Merle  J.,  Ventura,  Oal.        J 

1911  Rogers,  Noah  Comwell,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1890  Rogers,  Piatt,  Denver,  Colo. 

1920  Rogers,  Remington,  Tulra,  Okla. 
1918  Rogers.  Robert  F.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1918  Rogers,  Silss  W..  Little  Rock,  Ark. 
1910  Rogers,  Stephen  C,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1906  Rogers,  Walter  F.,  Washington,  D.  a 

1921  Rogers,  Wm.  H.,  Jacksonville,  Fla. 
1022  Rogers,  Wynne  G.,  New  Orleans,  La. 
1921  Rogerton,  Charles  M.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1918  Robe.  Clifford  A.«  Los  Angeles,  Cat 
1914  Rolspp.  Henry  H.,  Salt  Lake  City.  Utah. 
1909  Rollins,  Thomas  Scott,  Asheville,  N.  0. 
"Ml  Bombauer,  Edgar  R.,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 


1921  Rommel*  Ja^er  F.,  Ohiflago,  m. 

1906  Ronald,  J.  T.,  SeatUe,  Wash. 

1921  Bonken,  Oscar  0.,  Bocbeater,  Mfam. 

1914  Bonnebaum,  AnthoQy,  Cincinnati,  Oldo. 

1919  Booker,   William  Vripeau,   Indlaaap^lia. 

Ind. 

1912  Rooney,  nomaa  Edward*  Chicago.  IlL 

1921  Roop,  R.  L.  Gbristiaiisbttrg,  Va. 

1918  Root,  Edwin  a,  Loa  Angeles,  OaL 

1896  Root,  Elihu,  New  York,  N.  Y.        .    i 

1918  Root,  Elihu,  Jr.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1918  Root.  Jesse  L.,  Omaha,  Nebr. 

1928  Boaooe,  a  T.,  Everett,  Wash. 

1904  Rose.  A.  J.,  MUmi,  Florida. 

1921  Rose,  AUred  L.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1921  Rose,  C.  O.,  Cincinnati,  Obiou 

1917  Rose,  Charlea  Q..  FayettcviUe.  N.  a 

1917  Rose,  Charles  M.,  Pueblo,  Colo. 

19S1  Bose,  Don,  Pittsburgh,  Penn. 

1921  Bose,  Barl  B.,  Betttyrllle,  Ky. 

1916  Roae,  Earl  B.,  Bhanghal,  China. 
1898  Bose,  GeoTga  B.,  Little  Bock.  Ark: 
1914  Boae,  John  A.,  CUcago,  IIL 

1911  Boae,  John  C,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1921  Boae,  John  M.,  Uttle  Book,  Ark. 

1920  Rose,  h.  Baymond,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Bose,  Milton  B.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

1922  Boae,  William  F.,  San  Frandaoo.  Osl. 

1917  Rose.  William  R.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1922  Roaebeny,  U  H.,  Los  Angeles,  Gal. 

1911  Rosen,  Chsrles,  New  Orleana.  La. 
1921  Rosen,  John  F.,  Chicago,  lU. 
1921  Roaen,  Ralph,  Chicago,  HI. 

1912  Roaenbaum,  M.  I.,  ChleagD.  ni. 

1921  Roaenbaum,  Samuel,  Philadelphia,  Pom. 

1918  Rosenberg,  Ely,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Rosenberg,  Harry  C,  Chicago,  IB. 
1981  Rosenberg,  Hyman  J.,  Chioago,  HL 

1907  Roaenberg,  Jamea  N.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1914  Roaenberg,  Matirioe  D.,  Washlngt'^n. 

D.  C. 

1914  Rosenberg.  Msximilian  T..  Jersey  City. 

N.  J. 

1921  Rosenberg,  Solomon,  New  Bedford,  Maaa. 

1914  Rosenberger.  Bmil,  PhlladelpUa,  Pa. 
1918  Rosenberger,  Jules  C,  Kansaa  dtv.  Mow 
1912  Roaenberry,  Marrin  B.,  Madison,  Wis. 
1918  Rosenbloom,  Benjamin  L.,  Wheeling, 

W.  Va. 

1921  Roaenblufli,  Abraham,  New  York,  3V.  T. 

1915  Roaenbluth.  Louis  M.,  New  Haven. 

1922  Rosenbusch,  Otto  F.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1916  Rosenbush.  Myar,  Baltimore.  Md. 
1922  Boaendale,  Chariea  B.,  Salinaa,  OaL 
1921  Bosendale,  George,  Mew  York.  N.   T. 
1911  RossBdale,  Simon  W.,  Albaqy,  M.  T« 
1916  BoMnlsld,  BaomaL  8t  Louia,  Mo. 


ALPHABBTIOAL  U8T   OF  HEHBEB8. 


846 


Ittt  Romilleld,    Adolph    B.,     Lone    B«aeh. 
Oil. 

1920  Rotenfleld,  W.  B.,  Memiibta,  Ton. 

IMl  BoMinelMiii,    Oharls    S.,    New    Toik, 

K.  Y. 

1021  Rowiwhiae,    Albert  A.,   San   Fnndieo, 

OU. 

IfiU  BowDttonc,   Bertram  W.,  Ghlcaffo,  HL 

1914  RoaeadMl,  Hcnnaa,  Lineolo,  Nebr. 

1912  BoaeBthal,  Jaiiica»  Chicago,  111. 

1918  RoaentbaU  Jamaa  X.,  Pftttfeld.  MaM. 
1908  Roantbal,  LMrinff,  Chicago,  111. 

1914  Roaeiswlg,  Qraflt  L.  Kanias  Citj,  Mo. 

191B  Boiewater,  Stanlej,  Omaha,  Meb. 

1921  Rodcr,  Artlmr  J.,  Rawliaa,  Wyo. 

1921  Boaa,  Artlmr  Leonard,  New  York,  M.  Y. 

1911  Boca.  David,  Kaliipell,  Mont. 
19S0  Roai,  E.   W.,  flaTaaaah,  Tenn. 
1914  Rom,  Elmer  B.,  Ofentral  City,  Nebr. 

1922  Boaa,  Braeat,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1914  Boat,  Brricine  M.,  Lea  Angeica,  Oii 

1919  Boaa,  Frank  L.,  Dcnrer,  Oolo. 

1912  Rom,  QcMve  Bwing.  Loganaport,  Ind. 
1922  Roaa,  HaU  a.  Redwood  Oity,  Cal. 
1918  Boaa,  Henry  D.,  Phoenix,  Ariaona. 
1921  Boaa,  J.  W.,  Jaekaon,  Tenn. 

1921  Boaa,  Jamei,  Manila,  P.  I. 
1908  Bom,  John  M.,  Biabee,  Aria. 

1922  Boaa,  Lee  T.,  Redwood  Oity,  Oal. 
1918  Boat,  N.  Sargent.  York,  Pa. 

1921  Boaa,  Simon,  Obadnnati,  Ohio. 
1912  Boat,  Walter  W.,  Chicago,  IlL 

1918  Roai,  William  B.,  Cheyenne,  Wyo. 
1014  Bamer,  Lnther  Z.,  Atlanta,  On. 
1914  Bomer,  Maleolm  £.,  Muakogee,  Okla. 
1990  Boaekopf,  Henry  A.,  St.  Looia,  Mo. 

1922  Bomlow,  Joaeph,  Spokane,  Wadi. 

1921  Boeaman,  Bcnben  H.,  Jackson,  Mich. 

1922  Bomton,  Walter  J.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1919  Both,  Leater  Wm..  Loa  Angeica,  Cal. 

1921  Bothberg.   Hanrey,   Plainfleld,   N.   J. 

1922  Bothdiild,   Herbert  L.,   San   Franoiaco, 

Oal. 

1918  Bothchild,  Walter.  San  Franciaeo,  Gil. 

1914  Bothenberg,  William,  Cleveland.  Ohio. 

1918  Bothennal,  P.  P.,  Jr..  PhiladelphU,  Pa 

1920  Rothgerber,  Ira  C.  Denver.  Colo. 
1907  Bothmann.   William,   Chicago,  HI. 

1921  Bothrock,  J.  T.,  Jr.,  Jaekaon,  Tenn. 

1920  Bothrock«  Jamea  H.,  Colorado  Springa, 

Oolo. 

1919  Bothaehlld.  Imae  S.,  Chicago,  111. 

1990  Rothachild.  Jay  Leo,  New  York,  N.  T. 

19U  Bothaehlld,  Jerome  J.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

1922  Bothw^,  Yiacent  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Botkowlts,  Harry,  New  York,  V.  Y. 
1918  Boodcboah,  A.  H.,  St.  LouSa,  Mo. 
180r  Bomida,  Arttamr  C,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


SIXCTEB 

1912  Bomida,  Balpb  &,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1907  Bountree,  Oaorga,  Wilmington,  N.  C. 
1918  Bonrke,  John,  Jr.,  Savannah,  Ga. 
1912  Booaa,  John  T.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1914  Booae,  N.  J..  Klnaton.  N.  0. 

1908  Booae,   Shelley  D.,  Covington,  Ky. 
1921  Bowan,  John  L.,  Union,  W.  Ya* 
1916  Bowe.  Charlea  T.  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1918  Bowe,  Frederick  A.,  Chlcr .  o,  HI. 
1904  Bowe,  Lao  Stanton,  Waahlngton.  D.  0. 
1914  Bowe,  B.  B.,  Madiaon,  Fla. 

1920  Bowe,  Robert  A.,  Greenwood,  Aifc. 
1918  Bowe,  T.  J.,  St.  Loola.  Ma 
1918.  Rowe,  Thomas  J.,  Jr.,  St.  Louia,  Mo. 

1921  Rowe,  William  G.,  Brockton,  Mam. 
1907  Bowe,   William  V.,  Newton  Highlands, 


1912  BoweU,  A.  H.,  Pine  Bluff,  Ark. 

1921  Bowell,  T.  D.,  Jefferson,  Taxaa. 
1918  Bowell,  WUbur  E.,  Liwreoce,  MaaL 

1922  Rowland,  A.  Lincoln,  Pandena,  Oal. 

1921  Rowland,  Claude  K.,  St.  LouSa,  Mo. 

1922  Rowland,  Dix  H.,  Tacoma,   Waah. 
1914  Rowland,  Hugh  B.,  Waahington,  D.  0. 
1911  Rowland,  Lloyd  A..  BartleaviUe,  OkU. 
1922  RowUod,  M.   D.,  Libby,  Mont. 

1022  Rowaon,  Walter,  Tonopah,  Nev. 

1921  Royall,  Samuel  Jerome,  Florence,  S.  0. 

1918  Boyon,  Joseph  O,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
1020  Royae.  Samuel  D.,  Terre  Haute,  Ind. 

1919  Bxqrston,  M.  H.,  Galveaton,  Taxaa. 

1920  Roaaer,  Edward  A..  Farmington,  Mo. 
1909  Boaaelle,  Frank  F.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
1022  Ruan,  Salvador,  San  Juan,  P.  R. 

1917  Ruark,  Robert,  Wilmington.  N.  O. 

1921  Rubenatein,  Julius  B.,  Chicago,  IlL 
1011  Rubenstein,   Philip,   Boston.   Mam. 

1918  Rubin,  George  R.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1918  Rubin,  J.  Robert,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Rubin,  WilUam,  ^yracuae,  N.  Y. 
1921  Bubinkaro,    Nathaniel,    Chicago,    HL 

1911  Bubino,  Henry  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1990  Buby,  Joaeph  L.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1921  Buch,  Clinton  J.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1020  Rucker.  Roy  W.,  SedalU,  Mo. 
1808  Bodd,  William  P.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

1912  Rudulph,  Z.  T..  Birmingham.  Ala. 

1922  Rue,  Lara  O.,  Minneapolia,  Minn. 
1922  Bueklerg,  Benjamin  P.,  Chicago,  HI. 
1914  Bufltai,  Thomsa,  Washington,  D.  G. 

1904  Bugg,  Arthur  P.,  Woroeater,  MaSL 

1021  Rugg,  Charlea  B.,  Worcester,  Masa. 
1911  Bugglea,  Daniel  B.,  Beaton,  Maas. 

1905  Buhl,  ChrlstUn  H.,  Reading,  Pa. 
1918  Rumble,  R.  B.,  Norfolk,  Va. 

1918  Rmnmel,  G.  Albert,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1920  Rummel,  Henry  C,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1922  Rmnmena,  George  H.,  Seattle,  Wash. 


846 


AKKBICAK  BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


1009  RummlCTt  WfllUm  R.,  Chicago,  III. 

1921  Bunali,    Olareoce    R.,     Niagara     Falla, 

N.  Y. 

1014  Roncie,  Jamea  E.,  Clereland.  Ohio. 
1910  Rundall,  Charlea  0.,  Chicago.  Til. 
1016  Rundell.  Olirer  8.,   lladlson.   Wia. 

1910  Bunk.  Louia  B.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

1015  Runkc   Richard  B.,   IferrilU   Wla. 
lins  Rankle,  Harry  M.,  Columbua,  Ohio. 
168S  Runnella,  John  8..  Chicago,  ni. 
1021  Runyan,  Merle  U.,  Broken  Bow,  Keb. 
19ie  RunjTon,  Henry  W..  Jersey  City.  N.  J. 
190S  Rupe,  John  L.,  Richmond,  Ind. 

1919  Rupp,  Lawrence  H..  Allentown,  Pa. 

1922  Rupp.  Otto  B.,  Seattle.  Waah. 

1918  Ruppenthal,  Jacob  C,  Ruiaeil,  Kanaaa. 

1021  Ruah,  O.  Fred,  Chicago.  HI. 

1912  Rush,   Sylveater   R..    Chicago,    III. 

1907  Ruah.  Thomaa  £.,  New  York,  *N.  Y. 

1915  Ruahnxire,  Charlea  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1911  Ruahton,    Ray,   Montgomery.   Ala. 
1922  Riiaaell,  Antone  B.,  Spokane.  Waah. 

1916  RnaBell.   Arthur  H.,  Boston.   Maaa. 
1911  RuaKll,  Charlea  A.,  Olouceater.  Maaa. 
1921  Russell,  Charlea  A.,  Haddam,  Conn. 
1914  Ruasell.  Charlea  T.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1917  RusMll,  Edward,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Ruaell,  Elijah  T.,  Poughkeepaie.  N.  T. 
1914  Ruaaell,  Prank  P.,  Putnam.  Conn. 

1918  Ruaaell.  Franklin  J.,  Adrian.  Mich. 
1918  Ruaaell.  Frederick  C,  New  Haren,  Conn. 

1918  Ruuell.  George  8..   Philadelphia.   Pa. 

1021  Ruaaell,  H.  A.,  Scott  City.  Kan. 
1894  Ruasell.  laaac  P..  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1911  Ruaaell.  J.  Porter.  Boston,  Masa. 
192D  Ruaapn.  Jamea  W..  Hilo.  Hawaii. 

1916  Ruasell,  John  R..  Deadwood.  &  D. 

1921  Ruaaell,    Lawrence,  Canton,   N.    Y. 

1922  RuBMll.  Michael  J.,  Watertown,  8.  D. 
1922  Ruasell,  Paria  8..  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1914  Ruasell.  Philip  W.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1914  Russell.    R.    B.,    Atlanta,    Ga. 

1919  Ruasell,  Ruasell  Coe.  Great  Bend,  Ran. 

1921  Russell,  William  E..  New  York,  N.   Y. 
1910  Rust,    LIttell.    Naahville.    Tenn. 

1922  Ruther,  P.  F.  W.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1922  Rutherfoord,  John,  Richmond,  Va. 
1922  Rutherford,  A.   O.,  Naahville.  Tenn. 

1914  Rutherford,  Charlea  H.,  Jerome,  Ariaona. 

1022  Rutherford,  Newton,  Stockton,  Oal. 
1021  Rutherford,    Robbina    B.,    New    York. 

N.  Y. 

1915  Rutledge,  Arthur  M.,  Louiarine,  Ky. 
1918  Rutledge.  B.  H..  Charieaton.  8.  C. 

1917  Rutledge,  Charlea  W..  8t.  Louia.   Mo. 
1917  Rutledge,  Thomaa  O..  St.  Louia,  Mo. 

1912  Ryall,  Arthur  H..  Eacanafaa.  Mich. 
1922  Ryall,  George,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


BLECTIB 

1912  Ryan,  Andrew  J.,  Chicago,  IB. 

1907  Ryan.  Charlea  G.,  Grand  laland.  Nebr. 

1918  Ryan.  Charlea  J.,  Brooklyn*  N.   Y. 

1919  Ryan,  Charlea  P.,  Fall  River,  Maaa. 
1922  Ryan,  Daniel  A.,  San  Franciaco,  OaL 
1921  Ryan,  Dennia  J.,  CiBcimati,  Ohio. 
1916  Ryan,  E.  C,  Aberdeen.'  8.  D. 

1921  Ryan,  Frederick  R.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1922  Ryan,  John  Power,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1021  Ryan,  Leonard  L.,  Audubon.  Iowa. 

1021  Ryan,  Leonard  O.,  Middletown,  Ooim. 
1018  Ryan,  M.    B..  Brainerd,   Minn. 

1918  Ryan,    Michael   A..  Indlanapolia,  bid. 

1022  Ryan,  Michael  F.,  Ohictgo,  111. 
1018  Ryan.  Michael  4..  Philadelphia,  Pl 
1007  Ryan,  O'Neill,  St.  Louia,  Mo. 
1021  Ryan,  Patrick  J..  St.  Paul.  Mlim. 

1020  Ryan,  Raymond  R.,  Silver  City,  M.  M. 

1021  Ryan,  Richard  F..  Denver,  CoL 

1022  Ryan.  T.  G.,  Portland,  Ore. 

1918  Ryan,  l^omaa  P..  Litchfield,  Conn. 
1914  Ryan,  Thomaa  F..  9t.  Joaeph.  Ma. 
1921  Ryan,  Walter  A.,  Cincinnati,  ddb. 

1919  Ryan,  William,  Madiaon,  Wia. 
1918  Ryan.  William  C,   Doyleatown,  P 

1021  Rybum,  F.  M.,  Amarillo,  Tezaa. 

1017  Rybum,  Robert  L.,  Shelby,  N.  01 

1022  Rydalch,    WiUUm    Edward,    Salt   Lake 

City,  Utah. 

1012  Ryden,  Otto  G.,  Chicago,  IlL 

1018  Ryder,   Clayton,  Carmel,   N.   Y. 
1007  Ryder,  Eraatua  C,  Bangor,  Matan. 
1016  Ryder.  R.  L..  Beaton,  Maas. 

1018  Rymer,  Ralph  W..  Scraaton,  Pa. 

1006  Ryon,  Oacar  B..  Streator,  111. 

1000  Ryon.  William  W.,  Sharookin,  Pa. 

1022  Ryttenberg,  Moaea  R.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1018  SaaU  Irving  R..   New  Orleaaa,  La. 

1021  Sabath,  A.  J..  Chicago,  TIL 

1019  Sabath.  Albert,  Chicago,  111. 
1921  Sabath,  Albert,  Chicago,  m. 
1912  Sabath,  Joseph,  Chicago,  111. 
1921  Sabin,   Edward  M..  Denver,  OoL 
1907  Sabin,  Fred  A.,  La  JunU,  Cola 

1909  Sabin,  Leland  H.,  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

1022  Sacha,  Loui^  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Sack,  laidor.  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1918  Saokett,  Clarence,  Newark,  N.  J. 

1921  Backetl,  H.  E.,   Beatrice,   Neb. 

1907  Sackett.  Henry  W.,  New  York.  R.   T. 

1922  Sackmann,  Charlea  C,  Denver,  Colo. 
1922  Sad,  John,  Oooperatown,  N.  D. 

1921 '  Sadler,  Daniel  K.,  Raton,  N.  Meoi. 

1921  Sadler,  Monte  H.,  Chicago,  IlL 

1921  Sadler,  ^Iveater  B.,  Oarliale,  Pcnii. 
1914  Sadtler,  Howard  P.,  BaltiUMsre.  Md. 

1922  SalTord,  Orren  E.,  MinneapoUak  MIbb. 
1907  Sage,  Dean,  New  Ycvk,  K.  T. 


ALFHABBnOAL  USX  OF  MBUBEBS. 


847 


lOtl  Sagtr,  ISdwird  A«,   WaTcr^jr,  Iowa. 

1914  8afD.  J.  O..  NMhT{Ile.-  Ark. 

19K2  Saint,  Percy,  Franklin,  La. 

1918  Bt  Olair,  Clency,  Idaho  Falls,  Idaho. 
1914  St.  Clair-AbninM.  Alex,  JackwUTUle,  FU. 
192S  St.  Olair,  Edwartl,  Ohicafo*  111. 

1910  St.  John,  Charles  J..  Bristol,  Tenn. 
19tl  St  John,  B.  Morgan,  Ithaca,  N.   T. 
1922  St  John.  T.  Raymond,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1922  Salant,  UmUs,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Sale,  Qraham,  Welch,  W.  Va. 

191«  Sale,  lloaca  N..  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1921  Sslea.  Ororer  O.,  Louisfille,  Kj. 

1922  Salca,  Harry  N.,  Denver,  Oolo. 
1922  Sslingcr,  L.  H.,  Oarroil,  Iowa. 
1922  Salisbmr,   A.  N..   Reno,  Nev. 

1921  Sallibury,  Gharlei  E.,  ProTidence,  R.  I. 

1916  Ssliibury,   Frank  L.,  Chicago,  ill. 

1921  Salisbuiy,  Stuart  M.,  Loo  Angeles,  OsJ. 

1916  Salkej,  J.  Sidney.  St  Louis.  Ma 

1914  BalinoD,  Jodras   R..   Monistown,    N.   J. 

1912  Sslshury.  Ellas  D.,  Indlsnapolis.  Ind. 

1922  Sslter,  Tlioinas  J.  D.,  Reno,  Ney. 

1922  Saltman,  B«nard  P.,  Bridgeport,  Conn. 

1919  teltonstsll.  Bndieott  P..  Bohioq.   Mass. 

1911  SsItonaUll.    Richsrd   M.,   Boston.    Mass. 
19tl  SaltsBMn,  Samuel,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Salway,  Fred  R.,  Portland,  Oreg. 

1917  SshEStein.  Benjamin  F.,  Milwaukee.  Wis. 
1919  Sames,  Albert  Morris,  Tombstone,  Arls. 

1921  SammcC.  Hany,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1916  Ssromis.   Elmer  G.,    New  York,   N.   Y. 

1922  Sample,  E.  P.,  San  Diego,  Oal. 
1922  Sanpaell,  Paul  W.,  Loe  Angeles,  Csl. 
1921  Sampeelle,  L.  A.,  Williamaon,  W.  Va. 
1916  Sampeon.  Harry  Leharon,  Boston.  Mass. 
1914  Sampeon,  Henry  B..  Dea.  Uoines.  Iowa. 

1918  SaoipsQO,     JoMph     Oromwell,     Denver. 

Ooh>. 

19U  Ssms,   Andrew  Fuller,  WIneton-Sslem, 

N.  a 

1921  Samson,  Edwin  D.,  Dee  Moines,  lows. 

1922  Santer,  Samuel  M.,  Ssn  Francisco.  Oa). 
1911  Samuel,  David  B.,  Shreveport.  La. 

1922  Samuela,  A.  Bertram.  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1919  Samnels,  Benjamin  John.  Chicago.  HI. 
1922  Ssmuels,  Jaoob,  Ssn  Francisco,  Gal, 

1921  Samuels,  Julius  R.,  Oincinnsti,  Ohio. 

1922  Samuela,  Marcus  L.,  Ssn  Prandsoo.  Oal. 
1900  Ssmuels,  Sidney  L.,  Fort  Worth,  Texss. 
1918  Ssnbom,  Bruce  W..  St.  Psul,  Minn. 

1906  Sanbora.  F^Iward  P..  St.  Psul.  Minn. 

1907  Sanborn,  Frederick  R..  Putnam,  Conn, 
ion  Sanborn,  H.  H.,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 
1907  Ssnbore,  John  Bell.   Madison,    WIs; 
1916  Ssnborn,  Lauren  M..   Portland.  Me. 
199S  Stnbora,  Walter  H.,  St.   Psul,  Mian. 
19tl  Ssnden,  Otfl  E.,  Lincoln,  Neb. 


1918  Sanders,  Clarence  E.,  Cleveland.  Ohio. 
1921  Sanders,  Frederick  M.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1920  Sanders,  Gilbert.  Trinidad,  Cok>. 

1921  Sanders,   Hartley,  Princeton,   W.   Va. 
1014  Ssnden,  J.   M.,  Center,  TezasL 

1907  Ssnders,  J.  O.  &,  Jackson,  Miss. 

iri4  Ssnders,  John  A.,  Csiaon.  Nevada. 

191  i  Ssnders.  Joseph  M.,  Bluefleld,  W.  Va. 

1807  Senders,  W.  B.,  Cleveland,  Ohioi 

1917  Sanders.  W.  W.,  Elbs,  Als. 

1920  Sanders,  Wslter  0.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Sanderson,  A.  A.,  Ssn  Francisco,  Cat 
1922  Sanderson,  Benjamin  B.,  Porland,  Me. 

1919  Sanderson,  George  A.,  Littleton.  Mass. 
1919  Sanderson,  James  Gsrdner,  Scraaton,  Pa. 
1922  Sanderson,  M.  B.,  Texarkana,  Ark. 
1912  Sanderson,  Thomss  A.,  Sturgeon  Bay. 

Wis. 

1922  Sandige,  W.  P.,  Owensboro,  Ky. 

1910  Sandler,  Harry  N.,  Tampa,  Fla. 

1917  Sandlin.  Joel  M..  Duncan,  Okla. 

1918  Sando.  M.   F..  Scrsntnn,  Pa. 
1021  Sands,  A.  S.,  Pswhuska.  Okla. 

1919  Ssnds.  Alexander  H..  Richmond.  Va. 
1912  Ssner,  John  C,   Dallss,  Texas. 
1904  Saner.  Robert  E.  Lee.  Dallas,  Texaa. 

1910  Sanford,  Allan  D.,  Wsco,  Texss. 
1806  Sanford,  Edwsrd  T.,  Knoxville,  Temt 

1916  Ssnford.  Elmer  B.,  New  York.  N.   Y. 
1907  Sanford.  Ferdinand  V.,  Warwick.  N.  T. 
1922  Sanford,  George  L.,  Carson  Oity,  Nev. 

1921  Sanford,    James    F.,    Colorado   Sprtaga. 

Col. 

1918  Sanford,  John  L.,  Balthnore.  Md. 

1917  Ssnson.  R.  H.,  Knoxville.  Tenn. 

1922  Santibanes,    Jose    Ramiree,    San    Juan, 

P.  R. 

1919  Sentry,  Arthur  J..  Boston.  Mass 

1922  Ssperston.  Willard  W..  Buffalo,  N.  T. 

1921  Sapiro,  Milton  D.,  San  Francisco,  OsL 

1917  Sspp.  Oscsr  L..  Greensboro.  N.  C 
1914  Sspp,  Sidney.  Hotbrook.  Arieona. 

1911  Sappfngton,  Augustine  De  R..  Baltimore. 

Md. 

1914  Sappington,  Edwsrd  H..  Baltimore,  Md. 

1911  Ssppington.  O.  Ridgely,  Baltimore.  Md. 

1922  Sarsu,  George  A.,   Riverside.   Osl. 
1921  Ssrchet,  Fancher.  Fort  Oollins,  Colo. 
1921  Ssrgesnt,  W.  H.,  Jr..  Norfolk,  Vs. 
1914  Sargent,  F.  W.,  Chicago.  111. 

1921  Sargent,   George  Clark,  San   Frandseo, 

Oal. 

1921  Sargent.  George  McC.,  Boston,  Maa^ 

1911  Sargent.  John  G..  Ludlow,   Vt. 

1921  Sargent,  Thornton  W.,  Wichita,  Kas. 

1918  Sasse,   Frank  G..   Austin.   Minn. 
1914  Sater,   John   E.,    Columbus.    Ohiow 
1918  Sater,  Lowiy  F.,  Columbus,  Ohioi. 


848 


AMERICAN   BAB  ABSOGIATION. 


IMS  Satcrlteld,  Dire  B.,  Jr.,  Richmond,  T&. 

lOlS  SitterfleM,  James  If.,   Dorer,  Del. 

1918  8fttt«rlee,  Herbert  L.,  New  York.  N.  T. 

im  Sitterlee,  Roiooe,  Mitdiell,  S.  D. 

1021  SattcrthwBite,    Linton.    Trenton,    N.   J. 

1914  Battertlmite,  Reuben,  Jr.,  Wilmington, 
DeL 

1913  Stuerwein.  B.  Allan.  Jr.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1921  Saul,  J.  P.,  Jr.,  Salem,  Va. 

1914  Saul,  John  A.,  Waahinfton.  D.O. 
1918  Saul,    MauHce   B..    PhlladelphU,    Pa. 
1918  Saul,  Walter  B..  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1922  SauUberry,  Qeorge  W.,  Seattle,  Waah. 
1886  Saulaburj,  Wniard,  Wilmington,  Del. 
1914  Saundera,  O.  G..  Ooundl  BluHb,   Iowa. 

1917  Saundera,  J.  N.,  Stanford,  Kjr. 

1918  Saundera,  Walter  R..  St.  Lonli,  Mo. 
1900  Sfeuter.  L.   B.,  Oiicago,  HI. 
1922  Sauter,  Rajrmond  L.,  Sterling,  Oolo. 

1921  Sautfaoir,   Harry,    ICadiaon,   Wla. 

1922  SaTage,    Oharlea   0.,   Jr.,   Philadelphia, 

Pa. 

1922  StTage,  Dwight  L.,  El  Dorado,  Ark. 

1921  Savage,  John  H.,  Joliet,  HI. 

1922  Saytga,  Maiy  Wallace,  Austin,  Texas. 
1922  Savage,  Toy  D.,  Norfolk,  Va. 

1919  Savary,    E.    H.,    Boston,    Mass. 
1918  Sawdey.  David  A..  Erie.  Pa. 
1916  Sawtelk,  William  H.,  Tucson.  Aria. 
1916  Sawyer,   Abial  B.,  Jr.,  Salt  Lake  City. 

Utah. 

1891  Sawyer,  Alfred  P.,  Lowell.  Mass. 

1914  Sawyer.  Carlo*  P.,  Chicago,  111. 

1921  Sawyer,  Charles,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1907  Sawyer,  Clarence  B.,  Portland,  Maine 

1912  Sawyer,  Cleon  J.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1916  Sawyer,  Harold  M.,  San  Prandaco,  Gkl. 

1902  Sawyer,   Hasen  1.,   Keokuk,   Iowa. 

1918  Sawyer,  J.   Ashby,  Union,  S.  C. 

1914  Sawyer,  John  Everett,   Hudson  Falls, 

N.  T. 

1921  Sawyer,  Louis  B.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1921  Sawyer,  Meyer  J.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1918  Sswyer,  S.  Nelson,  Palmyra,  N.  T. 

1921  Sawyer,  Samuel  W.,   Kansas  City,  Mo. 

1921  Sawyer,  Ward  B.,  Bvanston,  HI. 
1916  Sawyer,  William  H.,  Concord,  N.  H. 

1922  Saze,  John  Godfrey,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1904  Saxe,   John   W..   Worcester.   Maai. 

1921  Saxe,  Martin,  New  York,   N.   Y. 
1916  Saxton,  Howard,  Omaha,  Nebr. 

1920  Saxton.  Irvin  S..  KnoxviUe.  Tenn. 

1922  Saye,  J.  N.,  Little  Rode.  Ark. 
1922  Saye,  W.  T.,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 
1982  Sayles,    Edward    R,    Guthrie    Center, 

Iowa. 

1920  Saylor,  Arthur  D.,  Huntington,  Ind. 

1914  "B*^  Charies  H.,  Phlladelphiii,  Pa. 


1917  Sayni,  WHHaai  8.,  Jr.,  Detroit,  Midi. 
1912  Scaife,  TUtul  L..  Washington.   D.   C. 
1886  Scaife,  Laurlston  L.,  Boston,  MaMi 

1920  Scallen,  John  P..  Detroit,  Mich. 
1896  Scalkm,  William,  Helena.  MonL 

1921  Scammdl,  Soott,  Trenton,  N.  J. 

1918  Soammon,  John.  Exeter,  N.  H. 
1916  Scandrett,  B.  W.,  St.  Paul.  Minn. 

1906  Scandrett,  Henry  A.,  Omaha,  NA. 

1919  Scanlan,  RIckham,  Chicago,  IB. 

1919  ScanUn,  Patrick  J.,  Rochester,  Mliu. 

1921  Scanlon,  John  A.,  OIndnnatI,  Ohio. 

1918  Scanlon,  Michael  J.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1921  Scannell,  J.  Frank,  Boston,  Maas^ 
1918  Scarborough,  D.  C,  Natohltocfaea,  Ln. 

1922  Scairltt,  A.  D.,  Kanata  City,  Mo. 
1914  Scarritt,  WllUan  C,  Kanns  aty,  Mol 
1921  Scatca,  Arthur  C,  Dodge  City,  Kan. 
1914  Schaadt,  Jsmea  L.,  Allentowtt,  Pa.  - 
1912  Schaap,  Michael,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1921  Schaberg.  Marvin,  Kalamazoo,  Mtefa; 

1916  Schaefer,  Albert  A.,  Boston.  Msasi 
1914  Schaefer.  Carl  W.,  Cleveland,  Ohkk. 
1921  Schaefer,  Peter  P.,  Champaign,  HI. 

1917  Schalfer,  Franklin  Pierce,  New  Boditflc. 

N.  Y. 

1907  Sduffer,  William  I.,  Phlladdphia,  Pa. 

1918  Schaffner,  Arthur  B.,  Chicago,  HL    ■ 
1921  Schaffner,  Margaret  Anna,  OUcigo,  111. 
1921  Schaffner,  Walter,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1918  Schall,  Anthoqy  X.,  Jr.,  Mlmwapolla. 

Minn. 

1918  SchaB.  W.  A.,  Omaha.  Nebr. 
1921  Sdialler,  Albert,  St.  Paul,  Mian. 

1921  Schamcr,  Albert  D.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1921  Sduper,  WllUam  a.  Broken  Bow,  K*. 

1982  Schapiro,  Bsmond,  San  Frandaco^  CU. 

1982  Schapiro,  J.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Schaipa,  Albert  T.,  New  Yoi^  N.   Y. 

1916  Schauber,  A.  B.,  Laurel,  Miss. 

1921  Schauer,    B.    Rey,   Los   Angelea.   OaL 

1922  Schauer,  Fted  H.,  Santa  Barbara.  Oal. 

1921  Schaombefg,  William  H.,  St  Louia,  Mo. 

1922  Sduupp,  John  Martin,  Jr.,  Fort  Dodtge, 

Iowa. 

1919  Sekeehter,  Jacob.  New  York,  R.  T. 
1916  Scheeline,  Isaiah,  Altoona,  Pa. 

1919  Schetn,  &  B.,  Madlaon,  Wla. 
1918  Schell,  William  L,  Boaton.  Mmb. 

1920  Scfaelp.  Walter  P.,  St.  Loais.  Mo. 

1921  Schenck,  Frederick  P.,  New  Toilc, 
1921  Schenk,  Casper.  Des  Moines,  lofwm. 
1912  Scherr,  Harry,  Williamson,  W.  Ta. 
1918  ScMek.  Jamea  P.,  Washington,  D.  O. 
1921  Schiepan,  William,  Chicago,  HI. 

1921  Schiff,  Jacob  R.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1918  Schlmpf,   nieodore  W.,    Atlantic   OHgr, 
N.  J. 


ALPHABBTICAL  LIST  OF   MSHBBBS. 


849 


19IS   SdilDdel,.  JotaD  BaidoliAi,  auctniuiti,  O. 
im   flehlabtcb>  Otto  IL,  La  Ora«e,  Wis. 
Ifln    Sehldiotr,  Hue,  N«w  Tork,  N.  T. 

flclilfidnfer,     ABundi,    Sun    Fnnciico, 
CO, 

SdilMiogvr,  Bert,  8u  rmieiMo,  Oil. 
10U   Schledngtr,  B1intr»  Chteago,  111. 
1982   8cUtiii«er,  Iddore  B.»  New  York,  N.  T. 
1922    ScUobohm,  Otto  A.,  Wariiington,  D.  C. 
1921    SehtofmAD,   Arthur,   Oalliart,  Tncai. 
19tl:  Bchlow,  NormAn  P.  S.,  New  Tork,  N.  T. 
1917    gchmldt.  Ptul  H.,  BvanMrille,  tnd. 

1911  Schmidt.  PMHp  a.   Dtiluth,  MiBa. 
1921   Schnldt,   Ruben  9.,  Los  Angeles,  Oil. 
1921    Bchndtt,    Walter,   Oneinnatt,   Ohio. 
•1914   Sckmook,  John,  Sprlnffleld,  llo. 

1912  flchmnck,  Peter,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1921    Sefamnek,    Thomas    Kirby,    New    York, 

N.  Y. 
1921    Sbhmnlowlts,  Nat.,  San  Frnncisco,  Oil. 

1921  Schmuts,  bhil  Wm.,  Chicago,  m. 

1922  Schneider,  Rrederiek,  Palo  Alto.  Chi. 
1990    Schneider,  Wm.  R.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1917  Schneiderhahn,  Edward  V.  P.,  St.  Louis. 

Mo. 
1921    Schoenfeld.  Frank,  Chicago,  Wis. 

1920  Schoetx.  Max.  Jr.,  Milwaukee,  Wf«. 

1921  Schofleld,   Bmma  Fall,   Maiden,  Mass. 
1982   Scholer,  Jacob.  New  York.  K.  Y. 
1919    Scholle,  Gustare,  Washington,  d!  C. 

1919  Schoonmaker,    Frederick    P.,    Bradford, 

Pa. 
1921    Schoonmaker,    Herbert    8..    New   York, 

N.   Y. 
1912   Schoonorer,  Albert,  Ohula  Vista,  Ohl. 
1915    Schoonorer,  Frank  S.,  Chicago,  111. 
1915    Scboonorer,  Manford.  Gamett,  Kan. 
1914    Bchoor,   David  P.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1921    Schram.   Otto  B.,  CXiicago.   111. 
1914    Schramm.  Arnold  O..  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921    Sdireiber,     Benjamin    F.,     New    York, 

N.  Y. 

1918  Sehreiber,  George  0.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1921  Sehreiber,  Oscar,  New  Orleans,  Ls. 

1981  Sehreiber.  R.  B.,  Ohicago,  111. 

1920  Schrenk,  Frank  H.,  Philadelphia.  Ps. 

1922  Schriber.  Bishop  H.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
1922    Schroeder.  Baldwin.  St.  Paul.  Minn. 

1921  Sehroth,  George  £.,  Tiffin,  Ohio. 

1911  Schnbrlng.  IS.  J.  B.,  Madison.  Wis. 
1921    Schuck,  Chsrles  J.,  Wheeling.  W.  Va. 
1914    Schulder.    RuskII   G.,   Salt    Lake  City. 

UUh. 
1921    Schulte,  Harold  O..  Houghton.  Mich. 

1982  Schultz,  H.  F.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

1912  Schulta,  John  H..  Denver.  Colo. 
1914    ScfanltE,  MaWem  B..  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
1918    Sdink,  Rudolph  F.,  Ivanhoe,  Mian. 


1922 
1919 
1911 
1981 
1907 
1921 
1916 
1917 
1916 
1916 
1922 
1922 
1917 

1920 
1921 
1921 
1922 
1921 
1921 
1918 
1921 
19n 

1912 
1920 
1920 
1921 
1916 
1921 

1982 
1919 
1022 
1922 
1919 
1919 
1922 

1921 
1922 
1805 
1920 
1901 
1921 

1922 
1912 
1919 
1906 
1922 
1916 
1918 
1918 
1921 
1918 
1922 
1914 


Sdiunck,  Dorothea,  San  Frandaco,  OaL 
Schnpp,  Robert  W..  Chicago,  ill. 
Sohorman,  Oeorge  W.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Schurts,  Shelly  B.,  Grand  Rapida,  Mich. 
SchuR,  Chrl  L.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
Schusttr,  Bdward,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
SchtttB,  Walter  a,  Hartford,  Coim. 
Schurler,  Daniel  J.,  Jr.,  Chicago,  HL 
Schujler,    Karl  O.,   Denver.  Colo. 
SchuTlcr,   Walter  F.,  Denver,  Colo. 
Schwab,  Joseph  S.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Schwarer,  Frank  B.,  Ohicago,  111. 
Schwarte,  John  A.  T.,  Saratoga  Springs, 

N.  Y. 
Sehwarts,  A.  L.,  Chioago,  III. 
Sohwarts,  Albert  W.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
Sehwarts,  Charles  P.,  Chicago,  lU. 
Sehwarts,  David.  Golden  Valler.  N.  D. 
Sehwarts,  Bdward  S.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Sehwarts,  Jacob  J.,   Chicago,  HI. 
Sehwarts,  Louis  J..  New  York.  N.  Y. 
Sehwarts,  Uljsses  S..  Chicago,  III. 
Schwartsdiild,    Monroe  M.,    New   York, 

N.  Y. 
Schwars,  Ralph  J.,  New  Orleans,  Ls. 
Schwsrsenbsch,  Edgar  H.,  St.  Louis.  Me. 
Schwsrzkopf,  Sidney  C,  Manils,  P.  I. 
Schwebel,  Jscob  J.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
Schweiser,  A.  L.,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
Schwenck,    Lawrence    S.,    Mannington, 

W.  Ta. 
Schwing,  C.  K.,  Plaquemine,  La. 
Scofleld.  Timothy  J..  Chicago,  IB. 
Scott,   A.  L.,  Pioche.  Nev. 
Scott,  Alfred  A.,  Topeka.  Kansss. 
Scott,   Austin  W.,  Cambridge.  Mass. 
Scott,  B.  F.,  Pawhuska.  Okla. 
Scott,   Edward  Preston,  Corpus  Christi, 


Scott,  Frsnds.  Pateison.  N.  J. 
Scott,  Frank  C,  Cleveland,  Ohk). 
Scott,  Frank  H.,  Chicogo.  III. 
Scott,  Hsrold  H.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 
Scott,   Jsmes  B.,    Wsshington,   D.   C. 
Scott.    Jsmes    W.    B.,    Port   Townsend, 

Wssh. 
Scott,  James  Wslter,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Scott,  John,  Jr..  Philadelphia.  Ps. 
Scott.  John  Reed,  Wsshington,  D.  C. 
Scott,  Joseph.  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
Scott.  Paul  R.,  Miami,  Fla. 
Scott.  Paul  W.,  Huntington.  W.  Va. 
Scptt,  R.  B.,  Chicago,  HI. 
Scott,   Robert  T..  Cambridge,  Ohio. 
Scott,   Robert  T.,   Washington,  D.  C. 
Scott,  Rufus  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Scott,  RusKll,  Salinas,  Osl. 
Scott,  Ssmnel  B.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 


850 


AMERICAK   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


1910 
1913 
1922 
1915 
1921 
1919 
191S 

1922 
1921 
1914 
1922 
1914 
1914 
1920 
1900 
1922 
1913 
1913 
1911 
1912 
1921 
1913 
1921 
1914 
1904 
1921 
1913 
1918 
1922 
1891 
1922 
1920 
1912 
1914 
1911 
1920 

1908 
1911 
1914 
1914 
1921 
1918 
1922 
1912 
1910 
1921 
1921 
1916 
1922 
1921 
1914 
1921 
1912 
1922 
1922 
1918 


Soott,  Samuel  P..  Hillaboro.  Ohio. 
Scott.  Thomas,  Bakerafleld,  Cal. 
Scott,  Thomas  B.,  Modesto,  OaL 
Scott,  Tully.   Denver.  Colo. 
Scott,  Walter  A.,  Gbicaso.  ni. 
Scott,  William  R.,  Pittsburffh.  Pa. 
Scruffham.    W.    Warburton,    Yoakers, 

N.   T. 
Scudder,  Townsend,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Scully,  Arthur  II.,  Pittsburgh,  Pena. 
Scallj,  Cornelius  D..  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Scully,  Raymond  J.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
Sea.  John  A..  Independence,  Mo. 
Seaberg,   Hugo,  Raton,  N.   M. 
Seaborg,  Henry  P..  Detroit,  Mich. 
Seabrook,  Paul  E..  Savannah.  Oa. 
Seabrook,  Wilber  R.,  Erie,  Pa. 
Seabury,  F.  W.,  Brownsville,  Texas. 
Seabuxy,   Samuel.   New  York,   N.  Y. 
Seabury,  William  M..  New  York.  N.  Y. 
Seager,  Frank  E.,  Fremont,  Ohio. 
Seale,  Thomas  F.,   Livingston,   Ala. 
Seaman,  Warren  C,  Mineola,  N.  T. 
Searcy,  James  B.,  Springfield,  111. 
Searcy,  W.   N.,  Durango,  Colo. 
Searcy,  William  W.,  Brenham.  Texaa. 
Searl,  Clinton  M.,   Portsmouth,  Ohio. 
Searle,  Alonzo  T.,  Honesdale,  Pa. 
Searles,   J.   Rolf,  St.   Johnsbury.   Vt. 
Searls,  Carroll,  Nevada  City,  Cal. 
Searls.    Charles  E..   Thompson,   Conn. 
Searls,   Robert  M.,   San  Francisco,   OaL 
Sears,  Burton  P.,  Chicago,  III. 
Sears,   Charles  B.,.  Buffalo.    N.    Y. 
Sears,   Charles   W.,   Omaha,    Nebr. 
Seara,  George  B..  Salem,  Maaa. 
Sears.  Kenneth  C.  Columbia,  Mo. 
Sears,  Nathaniel  C,  Lake  Geneva,   Wia. 
Sears,  William   R..   Boston,   Mass. 
Seasongood,  Clifford,   New   York.    N.   Y. 
Seasongood,  Murray,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
Seaver,  Byron  D.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
Seavey,    Warreo    A.,    Lincoln,    Neb. 
Seawell,  Emmet,  Santa  Rosa,  Cal. 
Seawell,  Herbert  P..  Carthage.   N.  a 
Seay,    Edward   T.,    Nashville,    Tenn. 
Seay,   W.  F.,  Dallas,  Texas. 
Sebbatina,  Peter  L.  F.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Sebree.  Sam   B.,  Kamias  City,   Mo. 
Seclow,   Alexander,  Bayonne,  N.  J. 
Secrist,    William   B.,   Pittsburgh,    Penn. 
Sedwick    John   E.,   Martinsville,   Ind. 
See,  0.  P.,  Jr.,  Louiss,  Ky. 
See,  Cornelius  S.,  Chicago,  111. 
See,  Robert  M./  Chicago,   Dl. 
Seeds,  William  P.,  Reno,  Nev. 
Seeger,  Albert  H.  F.,  Newburgh,  N.   Y. 
SesgniUcr,   William  A.,   Owoaso,  Mich. 


■LBCTBD 

921  Seeman,  B«rDard  J.,  PeBi.ei,  ObL 

921  Seery,  Edward  L.,   WateitNiry,  Conn. 

914  SeibeU.  John  T.,  Oolvmbia,  8.  C. 

921  Seibert,  William  H.,  New  York,  N.   Y. 

921  Seidman,  Irwin  W.,  Chicago,  IIL 

922  Seidman,  Joseph  W.,  New  York,  M.  Y. 
921  Seifert,  Alexander,  Springfield,  Mina. 
921  Seifert,  Wm.  A.,  Plttrtmrgh,  Pena. 
918  Seller,  Oicar  J..  Jamestown,  N.  D. 

921  Seits,  Mamice  W.,  Portland,  Oteg. 
1921  Selby,  Edward  M.,  Loa  Angelct,  Oal. 

922  Selby,  John  R.,  San  Franciaoo,  Oal. 

918  Selfridge.  Arthur  J.,  Boston.  Mass 

921  Selfridge,  Calvin  F.,  Ltaa,  Ohio. 
,921  Seligman,  Eustace,  New  York,  N.   Y. 

920  Seligsbeiv.  Walter  N.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

922  Selleck,  Oharles  Elliott,  Chicago,  UL 
896  Sellers,  Emory  B.,  Monticello,  UA 

919  Sellers,  Ksthryn,  Washington,  D.  O. 

910  Selligman,   Alfred.  Louisville,  Ky. 

911  Selover,  George  R..   MinncapoUa,  Warn. 

921  Selph.  Ewald  B.,  Manfla,  P.  L 
918  Sefaser,  Robert  J.,  Cleveland,  Ohfo. 
913  Semmea,  John  E.,  Jr.,  Baltimora,  IM. 
918  Semple,  Lorenzo,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

922  Sena,  Harry,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

912  Seneff,   E.  U.,   Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

920  Seney,  George  E.,  Toledo,  O. 

912  Senior,  Edwin  W.,  Salt  Uke  City.  Utah. 
016  Sepfllveda,  Domingo,  Ponce.  Porto  Hfcsoi. 

921  Sercomb,  Charles  R.,  Chicago,  IIL 
921  Serrell,  Arthur  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

913  Seasions,  C.  W.,  Grand  Rapida,  MIeh. 
921  Seasler,  David,  New  Orleans,  La. 

921  Setright,  Jsmes  C  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 
906  Settle,  Warner  EUmore,  Bowling  Qraea, 

Ky. 

920  Setzler,  Edward  A.,  Kansas  City.  Mo. 

906  Severance,  C.   A.,  St.   Paul,  Mlaa. 

922  Severance,  Lewia,  Minneapolis,  Mian. 

907  Sewall,  Harold  M.,  Bath.  Maine. 
913  Sewell.   Albert  H.,   Walton,   N.   Y. 
922  Sex,  James  P.,  San  Jose,  Oal. 
007  Sexton,  James  a,  Hazlehurst,  Mia. 

921  Sexton,  John  J.,  St.   Paul,  Minn. 
902  Sexton,   Pliny  T.,  Palmyra,  N.   Y. 
921  Sexton,  William  Henry,  Chicago,  UL 
021  Seymour,  Charlea  M.,  KnoxvilU,  Teaa. 
913  Seymour,  Daniel.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

921  Seymour,  Flora  Warren,  Chicago,  m. 

922  Seymour,  John  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
907  Seymour,  Origen  S.,   New  York,  K.   Y. 
912  Shabad.  Henry  M.,  Chicago,  HI. 
019  Shackelford,  T.  F.,  Okmulgee,  Okla. 
920  Shackleford,  Sprigf,  Gunnisoa,  Colft. 
912  Shackleford,  T.   M.,  Jr.,  Tampa.  Fla. 
922  fiEhaefer,  George  W.,  Spokane,  Wash. 
922  Shaeifer,  Fred  A.,  SanU  Maria,  Oal. 


ALPHABErriOAL  LIST  OF  H13CBSB8. 


851 


1920  Shafcr,  A.  B.,  Memphis.  Teno. 
1928  Shafer,  Oeorge  F.,  Bisnarck,  N.  D. 
19S1  SbalTer,     G«orge     Julian,     Pltttburgli, 

Pesn. 

1918  Shaffer,  Jacob  H.,  Kew  York.  N.  T. 
19X1  Shaffner,  B.  1I.»  Ohfctgo.  III. 

1919  Sbafroth.  Monriaon.  Denver,  Colo. 
1919  Shafne,  Maurice  L..  New  York.  N.  Y. 
19n  8ha]ck«  Bernard  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y.. 

1919  Shamel,  Charlea  H.,  Sprin^eld,  111. 
1909  Sbanda,  A.  W..  Cleveland.  Mte. 

1921  Shane,  Oedl,  Paragould.  Ark. 
1917  Shannon.  Anirus  Roj.  Chicago.  111. 
1921  Shannon,  Charlea  R.,  Laurel,  Mlaa. 
1921  Shannon,  B.  A.,  Mexico.  Ho. 
1921  Shannon,  F.  E.,  Pineville.  W.  Va. 

1921  Shannon,   Henry   B.,   Bridgeport,  Conn. 

1922  Shannon,  Michael  F.,  Loa  Angelea.  Gal. 

1921  Shannon,  Nell  J.,  Chicago,  111. 

191S  Shannonhooae,  William  T.,  Norfolk,  YaL 

1912  Shapira,  Samuel  8.,  PittPburgfa,  Pa. 
Ifl4  Shapiro,  Charles  H..  Bridgeport,  Conn. 

1922  Shapiro,  Isadore,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1917  Shapiro,  Joteph  O.,  Bridg(»port.  Conn. 
1922  Shapiro^  L.  H.,  San  Fcandaco,  OaL 

1921  Sharker,   R.   W.,   Florence.   S.  O. 

1922  Sharp,  Edgar  B.,  Moorhead,  Minn. 

1918  Sharp,  J.  F..  Oktahoma  dtj.  Okla. 
1980  Sharp.    John    F.,    Jr.,    Oklahoma    City, 

Okla. 

1921  Sharp.   Ralph  J.,  Chicago,  111. 

1920  9harpe.  Merrell  Quentin.  Oacoma.  8    D. 

1914  Sharpe,  Walter  K.,  Chamb4>r«lMtrg.  Pa. 

1913  Sharpateen,  W.  C,  San  FranHaro.  Cal. 
1908  Sharpetein.  John  L.,  Walla  Walla,  Waah. 

1922  Shartel,  Burke,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 

1920  Shartel,  K.  W.,  Oklahoma  Oity,  Okla. 

1921  Shattuck,  A.  O.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1922  Shattnek,  Edwin  P.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1911  Shatturk.  Henry  Lee.  Bnatnn,  Maaa. 
1918  Shattuck.  Normaui  LaFayette.  Oa. 
1918  Shaw.   A.   E..  San   Ftanriaro.  Cal 

1922  Shaw,  Arrin  B.,  Jr.,  Loa  Angelea,  Oal. 

1918  Shaw,  a  W.,  Mandan,  N.  D. 

1921  Shaw,  Oarleton  B.,  Syracuae,  N.  Y. 

1921  Shaw,  David  L..  Cleveland.  O. 
1906  Shaw,  Frank  W.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
1M9  Shaw,  Fred  R.,  Adama,  Masa. 

1911  5aiaw.  Oeonre  E..  Pirtalmrvrh.  Pa. 

1912  Shaw.  Harry.  Fatmtont.  W.  Va. 

1918  Shaw.  Henrv  Bigelow.  Rur1lngt«ni.  Yt. 

1922  Shaw,  Locien,  San  Franciaeo,  Oal. 

1919  Shaw    Ralph  M..  Chicago.   111. 
1921  Shaw.  Robert  A..  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Shaw,  Thomas  J..  Oeeenahoro.  N.  C. 

1921  Shay,  Arthur  H..  Btmtor.  HI. 

1922  Shajr,  Burton  A.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

1915  Sbetv  Mm,  Canaadaigua,  N.  Y. 


EIECnEO 

I  1921  Shea,  Joa.  H.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

1913  Shea.  Thomaa  D.,  Wilkea-Barre,  Pa. 
1922  Shea,  Thomaa  F.,  Billings,  Mont. 
1912  Shea,  William  F.,  Aahland.  Wia. 

1921  Shea,  William  H.,  Boaton.  Maal. 

1915  Shealor,  John   W.,  Colondo  Sprtnga, 
Colo. 

1906  Shear,  a  D.,  OkUhoma  City.  OklA. 

1906  Shearer,  Jamca  D.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

1911  Sheam.  Clarence  J..  New  York,  N.   Y. 

1914  Sheean.  Frank  T.,  Galena,  111 
1919  Sheean,  Henry  D..  Chicago.  lit 
1809  Sheean,  Jamea  B.*  Chicago,  IlL 

1906  Sheean.    Jamca   M.,    Chicago.    IlL 
1919  Sheean,  John   A.,  Chicago,   111. 

1919  Sbeehan,  John  Louia,  Boston,  Maas. 

1922  Sheehy*  Edna  J.,  Washington,  D.  0. 

1916  Sheen,  Jamea  Morgan,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1916  Sheenan.  Frederick  M.  J..  Boaton.  MaA 
1916  Sheetx,  Frank.  Chillicothe,  Ho. 
1918  Sheffield.  James  R.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1916  Shehan,   Wm.    Mason.   Eaaton,   Md. 
1922  Shelbourne,  R.   M.,  Bard  well,   Ky. 
1928  Sheldon,  Edward  M.,  LowvUle,  N.  Y. 

1907  Sheldon.  Edward  W..   Nfw  York.  N.  Y. 

1916  Sheldon.  Harriaon  T..  New  Haven,  Conn. 
1911  Sheldon,  Heniy  N.,  Boaton.  Maaa. 

1918  Sheldon,  Nelson  L.,  Boston,  Maaa. 
1921  Shell,  Brooka  E.,  Lancaater,  Ohio. 

1917  Shellabarger,  Joaeph  M..  New  York, 
N.  Y. 

1921  Shelton,  George  P..  Butte,  Mont. 
1910  Shelton,  H.  R,  Washington,  D.  a 

1920  Shelton.  Nat.  M.,  Mscon,  Mo. 
1900  Shelton,  Thomaa  Wall,  Norfolk,  Va. 
1021  Shelton,   W.   C,   Loa  Angelea,   OaL 

1922  Shelton,  Walter,  San  Francisoo,  OaL 
1922  Shenk,  John  W.,  Loa  Angelea,  OaL 
1889  Shepard.  Charlea  B..  Seattle.  Waah. 

1921  Shepard,  John  E.,  Oovington.  Ky. 

1908  Shepard,  Stuart  G..  Chicago.  III. 
1981  Shepard,  Winfred  C,  Allison,  Iowa. 
1916  Shepherd.  George  8..  Portland.  Ore. 

1922  Shepherd,  Howard  F.,  Loa  Angeles,  OaL 
1921  Shepherd,  Hugh.  Detroit,  Mich. 
1921  Shepherd,     Robert     E.     Lee,     Phoenix. 

Arizona. 

1921  Shepherd.  W.  C,  Hamilton,  Ohio. 

1922  Shepherd,  Wallace,  Sacramento,  OaL 

1921  Shepler,  Joaep^h  B.,  Coshocton,  Ohio. 

1915  Shepley.  John  F .  St.  Louis.  Mo 
1021  Sheppard,  Chester  A.,  Portland,  Oreg. 
1920  Sheppard.  J.  C.  Poplar  Bluff,  Mo 

1915  Sheppard.  James  G..  Fort  Scott.  Kana. 

1922  Shepp«rd,  Walter  C,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1916  Sher.  Louis  B..  St.  Louia.  Mo. 

1919  Sherblne.  Alvin.  Johnstown.  Pa. 
1821  Sbarbvna.  Edward  N.,  Chicago.  HI. 


852 


AlCERIOAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


1919  Sheridan,  Bemud  L.,  Paola,  Kul 

1014  Sheridan.  Frank  M.,  Paola,  Kane. 

1907  Sheridan.  Hanr  O.,  Frankfort,  Ind. 

1918  Sheridan,  Thomaa  F..  Chicago.  HI. 

1919  Shtfrier.  Joeepb  T..  Waahlngton,  O.  a 

1921  Sberin,  Arthur  L..  Watertown,  8.  D. 
1S09  Sherley.  Swagar.  Loularille.  Ky. 

1922  Sherlock.  Alva  S.,  Concord^  OU. 
1921  Sherlock.  John  J.,  Chicago.  111. 

1914  Sherman.  Adrian  P.,  Kaneaa  dfcr.  Ifa 

1920  Sherman,   Alfred  L..  Borlington.  Yt. 
1912  Sherman.  CSiarles  P.,  Hartford,  Conn. 
1907  Sherman,  Gordon  B.,  llorriatown,  N.  J. 
1911  Sherman,  P.  Tecumaeh,  New  York.  N.  T. 
1916  Sherman,  Roger,  Chicago.  111. 

1082  Sherman,  Roger,  San  Frandaco,  Oil. 

1919  Shennan,  Roger  S.,  Talaa,  Ofcla. 
1906  Sherman.  Roland  H.,  Boaton,  Ifaaa. 

1921  Sherman,  Thomaa  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1916  Shem,  Daniel  J.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
1900  Sherriff,  Andrew  R.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1915  Sherriff.  John  C,  Pittahurgh.  Pa. 
1911  Sherrill,  Charles  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1916  Sherwin,  Frederic  L.,  Colorado  Springa, 

Colo.  • 

1922  Sherwin,  William  A.,  Chicago,  III. 
1911  Sherwood,  Carl  G.,  Clark,  S.  D. 

1918  Sherwood,  Paul  J.,  Wilkee-Barre,  Pa. 
1021  Sherwood,  Ray  p.,  York,  Penn. 

1921  Shettler,  John  Benry,  Silver  City.  N.  If. 

1921  Shewmake,  Oscar  L.,  Surry,  Va. 

1910  Shick,  Robert  P.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1920  Shiek,  William  H.,  Detroit.  Mich. 

1919  Shields,  Charles  A..  St.  Johnsbury.  Vt. 

1919  Shields,  Dan.  B.,  Salt  Uke  City,  Utah. 
1018  Shields,  Edmund  C,  Lansing,  Mich. 
1896  Shields,  James  M..  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

1921  Shields,    John    Franklin,     Philadelphia, 

Penn. 

1914  Shields,  John  K.,  Washington.  D.  C. 

1922  Shields,  Roy  F.,  Salem.  Ore. 

1921  ShienUg,  Bernard  L.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1920  Shier,  Samuel  W.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1918  Shifflet,  James  Glenn,  Grinnel,  Iowa. 

1020  Shimans,  Samuel,.  Detroit,   Mich. 
1914  Shine,  P.  C.  Spokane,  Wash. 

1922  Shiner,  D.  A..  Wena tehee,  Wa«h. 

1921  Shinn,    George   C,    Washington,    D.    C. 
1800  Shipraan.  George  M.,  Belridere.  N.  J. 

1021  Shipp,  8.  W.  G.,  Florence,  S.  O. 
1878  Shiras,  George.  Jr..  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
1914  Shirley,  C.  C,  Indianapolia.  Ind. 

1919  Shfveley,  Dudley  Morion.  South  Bend. 

Ind. 

1921  ShIiTek,  Max.  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Shoemaker,  Clyde  C,  Los  Angeles,  Oal. 

1917  Shoemaker.  Frank  C,  Fort  Worth.  Texas. 
1921  Shoemaker,  Murray  M.,  dnduuitl,  Ohio, 


1918  Sboemakv,  William  H..  PhUnddphia. 

Pa. 

lOtI  Sholtaer,  Price,  Little  Bock,  Ark. 

1921  Shohl,  Waiter  M.,  Oindnnati,  Ohio. 

1918  Sholara,  AllaSp  Monroe,  La. 

1921  Sholes,  William  H.,  Waahingtoo,  D.  a 

1921  Sbolts,  David,  Dajrtona,  Fla. 

1914  Sbomo,  William  A.,  Readhig,  Fa. 

1921  Shonka,   &   V.,  Cedar  Rapids,  lowm. 

1021  Shook,  Ghcflter  R.,  Oinctanati,  Olila. 

1922  Shore,  Samuel  Louis,  MinneapoUa,  MIbb. 

1919  Sbony,  Clyde  K.,  Chicago,  UL 

1022  Short,  Edward  a,  Reno,  Ner. 

1020  Short,  Oeoign  F.,  OUahoraa  CItj,  Okla. 
1022  Short,  John  Douglaa,  Saa  Fiaadsoo,  Ofel. 
1914  Short,  Myron  D.,  Oanandaigua,  N.  T. 
1916  Shortail.  John  L.,  Chicago,  UL 

1918  Shortridge,     Samuel     M.,     Washlnctcm, 

D.  0. 

1822  Sborts,  Bruoe  O.,  Seattle,  Wash. 

1920  Shotts,  Heuy  Allen,  Meridian.   Mis. 

1919  Shoup,  Arthur  O.,  Jnnaau,  Alas. 

1921  Shoup,  Ouy  ▼.,  Saa  Firancisco,  OU. 

1921  Shoup,  Maioni,  Zeoia,  Ohio. 

1912  Shoyer,  Frederick  J.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1916  Bhrinski,  Israel,  Chicago,  m. 

19U  Shrirer,  Alfred  J.,  Baltimore.  Md. 

1919  Shriver,  &  D.,  NaahirlUe,  Teas. 

1916  ShriTer,  Mark  O.,  Jr.,  BaltiBMrc.  Md. 

1922  8huc7,  Clarenoe  A.,  San  Frandaco,  Oal. 
1912  SfauH,  Deloas  a,  Sioux  City,  Iowa. 

1921  Sbull,  Deloas  P.,  Sioux  City,  Iowa. 

1921  Shull,  Henry  G«,  Sioux  Otty,  Iowa. 

1918  ShttU,  S.  B.,  Stnmdaburg,  Pa. 

1919  Shulman,  Cliarlea,  Boston,  Mass. 
1912  Shvlman,  Max,  Chicago,  HI. 

1021  Shulman,  Ralph,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

1022  Shuman,  Blair  B.,  San  Frimdsoo,  Oal. 
1022  Shuman,  J.  F.,  Saa  Frandaco,  Oal. 
1021  Shumate,  Gay  O.,  Yakima,  Wash. 

1017  Shmnway,  Milton  A.,  Danielaon,  Conn. 
1021  Shuping,  C.  LeRoy,  OreenAoro,  N.  C. 

1922  Shurtcr,  Bdwin  D.,  Austia,  Tex. 

1918  Shurtleff,  Charlea  A.,  San  Frandaco,  Gal. 

1916  Shutts,  Frank  B..  Mhimi,  Florida. 

1922  Siaa,  Carleton,  Waterloo,  Iowa. 

1920  Sibley.  Frank  C,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1920  Sibley,  John  A.,  AtlanU.  Ga. 

1914  Sidier,  Dudley  F..  New  York.  N.  T. 

1916  Slckd,  H.  S.  J.,  PhihMlelphia,  Pa. 

1918  Siddall,  George  B.,  dcrelaad.  Ohio. 

1906  Siddoaa,  Frederick  L.,  Washiagtoa,  D.  OL 

1906  Sidley.  William  P..  Chicago.  Bl. 

1918  Sidlo,  Thomaa  L.,  Clevdaad,  Oldoi. 

1922  Sidtaer,  Segrmour  B.,  Fremont,  Nah. 

1018  Sidway,  Fftuik  8.,  BnlEalo,  N.  T. 

1921  Si^bel,  Aagost  F.  W.,  Ohicago^  OL 
1914  Sieber,  George  W..  Akron,  OidA. 


ALPHABSriGAL  LIST  OP  MBHBSRS. 


868 


ins 

vm 
vnz 


1914 
19tt 

vm 


me 
im 

1917 
1919 
1906 
19a 

i9n 

1914 
1917 

19a 

19S2 
1911 


1919 
191S 
19U 


1916 
1911 
1911 
19U 
19S1 


1912 
1914 


1912 
tifl 


1911 
1904 
19n 
1912 
1912 
1920 
1921 

1918 
1921 
1913 


1921 
1912 


1920 


8l«b«r,  Jonph  B.,  Akron,  OU«w 
SteOdn,  Ocwfe,  Wichitu,  Kan. 
fficgel,  Alexander  B.,  Kcw  York;  N.  T. 
Slece],  Inae,  New  York,  N.  T. 
Sktd,  Meyer  D.,  New  Tork,  N.  T. 
Siefelatdn,  Bennett  E.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Siefcnttnv,  V.  P.,  Onaidjr  Oentre,  Iowa. 
8ifford,  Bjron  L.,  SioiBC  Oitf,  Iowa. 
Silre,  Jaime,  Jr.,  San  Juan,  P.  R. 
Siclfanan,  Samuel,  Boaton,  Mas. 
Sifkr,  P.  N.,  Dajton,  Ohio. 
SIkea,  John  O.,  Monroe,  N.  0. 
sober,  Olareoce  J.,  OUcaco,  I1L 
Silber,  Frederick  D.,  Chicago,  111. 
SObst,   Coleman,   Boaton,   Maa. 
Slier,  Walter  D.,  Pittaboro,  N.  O. 
8fflcocka»  Bentjr,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Silibee,  Harry  A.,  Lanaing ,  Mich. 
SflTa,  Prank  M.,  San  Prandaco,  Oal. 
Sihra,  GuataTo  Oruaado,  San  Juaa,  P.  R. 
SOTCrman,  Oeraon  B.,  Kamaa  Oity,  Mo. 
SUrcratain,  Bernard,  Oakland,  Oal. 
SiWcrBtein,  Harry  &,  Denver,  Oolo. 
Silwold,  Henry,  Newton,  Iowa. 
Simkini,  Daniel  W.,  PbiUdelphia,  Pa. 
StmUnai  J.  8.,  Oorricana,  Tex 
Simmona,  Ahram,  Bloffton,  lad. 
Slmnona,   Ojyrua,   Knozrille,  Tem. 
Siannonib  B.  A.,  Pontiac,  111. 
Siaamona,  George  D.,  fficksriUe,  Ohio. 
BlmmoBi»  H.  Y.,  Oedar  Bapida,  lo^ma. 
Simmona,  Hubert  A.,  Red  Lodge,  Mont. 
Simmona,  J.  S.,  Hntcliinaon,  Kann 
Simmona,  Maurice,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Simmona,  Parke  B.,  Ohicago,  lU. 
Simmona,  Robert  C,  Covington.  Ky. 
Simmona,   Robert  O.,  Scottri>luff,   Neb. 
«wiim«i^  W.  M.,  San  Prandaco,  Oal. 
Simmi^  Cbarlea  Carroll,  Barnwell,  S.  O. 
Simma,  Dan  W..  Lafayette.  Ind. 
8imma»  Henry,  Huntington,  W.  Ya. 
Simma^  John  F.,  Albuquerque,  N.  M. 
Sionna,  John  T.,  Chtrleaton,  W.  Va. 
Simon,  N.  D.,  Portland,  Ore. 
Simonda,    Harriet   Pier,    Fond   du    Lac, 

Wia. 
Simondi,  Lincoln  8.,  Glouceeter,  Maat. 
Simona,  Blaine,  Sioux  Falla,  S.  D. 
Simoaa.  Leonard  M.,  Belle  Fourche,  S.  D. 
Simona,  P.  C,  Enid,  Okla. 
Simoni,  Seward  A.,  Loa  Angalea,  OaL 
Simonaon,  Theodore,  Newton,  N.  J. 
Simpaon,  Alexander,  Jr.,  Philadelphia, 

Pa. 
Simpaon,  Arthur  E.,  St.  Louia,  Me. 
Simpaon,    Charlea  E.    B.,    Jeraay    Olty, 

N.  J. 
Simpaon,  David  P.,  MinnaapoUa^  Minn. 


19U    Simpaon,  Fnak  L«ll^  Boston,  Maaa. 
1922    Simpaon,  George  W.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921    Simpaon,  J.  Allan,  Racine,  Wia. 

1921  SimpaoUi  J.  E.,  Wewoka,  Okla. 
Sbnpaon,  J.  Randolph,  Huntingdon,  Pa. 
Simpaon,  John,  Jackaon,  Mich. 

1914    Simpaon,  William  L.,  Cody,  Wyo. 

1920  SIma,  Cecfl,  NMhvUle,  Ttan. 
1906    Sima,  Edwin  W.,  Chicago.  HI. 

1910  Sima,  Hemy  Upaon,  Birmingham,  Ala. 

1922  Sima,  Joaeph  T.,  Wabeno,  Wia. 
1922    Sinai,  John  &,  Reno,  Nev. 

19i8    Sinclair,  John  A.,  San  Prandaco,  OaL 

1916  Sinclair,  N.  A.,  Fayetterille.  N.  a 
1914    SIngeltary,  John  B.,  Bradentown,  Fla. 

1918  Singer,  Jacob,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Singer,  William  Menaiea,  San  Frandaoo, 

Oal. 
Singleton,  Shelby  M.,  Ohicago,  ni. 
Singley,  Frederick  J..  Baltimore.  Md. 
Slnneai,  Torger,  De>ila  Lake,  N.  D. 
Sinton,  Edgar,  San  Prandeoo,  Oal. 
SIpe,  William  A.,  Jr.,  Tulaa,  Okla. 
Siqueland,  Tryggva  A.,  Chicago,  IB. 
Sirrine,  William  G.,  Greenville,  S.  C 
Siak,  Jamea  H.,  Eaat  Lynn,  Maal. 
Sivley,  Clarence  L.,  Memphia,  Tens. 
Sixer,  J.  B.,  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 
Skaife,  Alfred  C,  San  Prandaco,  Oal. 
Skahen,     Vance    Edward,     MinneapoUa, 

Minn. 
Skaug,  Juliua,  Mobridge,  8.  D. 
Skecn,  David  Alfred,  Salt  Uke  City, 

Utah. 

Jedediah  D.,  Salt  Uke  City, 

Utah. 

1914  Skeen,  John  Henry,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1915  Skeen,  William  Riley,  Ogden  Qty,  Utah, 
ion    Skegga,  William  E.,  Decatur,  Ala. 

1806   Skelton,  William  B.,  Lewiston,  Maine. 

1919  Skerrett,  Mark  N.,  Worceater,  Maal. 

1911  Skinner,  Alfred  F.,  Newark,  N.  J. 

1922    Skinner,      Frederick     Henry,     Newport 

Newa,  Va. 
19n    Skinner,  George  L,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1911    Skinner,  Harry,  Greenville,  N.  0. 
1922    Skinner,  Newton  J.,  Loa  Angelea,  Oal.    • 

1917  Skinner,  William  A..  Susquehanna,  Pa. 

1921  Skipper,  Logan  B.,  Oentralia,  111. 

1920  Skipworth,  George  Frank,  Eugene,  Ore. 
19a    Skulaion,  B.  G.,  Portland,  Oreg. 

1922  Skutch,  Ira,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Slack,  Charlea  W.,  San  Frandaoo,  Oal. 
1914   Slack,  John  C,  Pittaburgh,  Pa. 

19a    Slack,  L.  Ert,  IndianapoHa,  Ind. 
1914   Slack,  Leigfaton  P.,  St  Johivbuiy,  Vt. 
1918    Slack,  Walter,  San  Frandaoo,  OaL 
1911   Blade,  John  A.,  Saratoga  Springa,  N.  Y. 


19a 
1916 
19a 
1022 
1920 
1914 
1910 
1911 
1906 
19a 
1922 
1922 

loa 

1915 


1914   Skeen, 


884 


AMBBICAN  BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


1919  Slade,  John  C,  Chicago,  111. 
1921  SUde,  Lester  O.,  Oolumbue,  Oa. 
19tl  Slakia,   Anthony  A.,  Chicago,  111. 
1911  Slater,  John  8..  Boston.  Man. 
19n  Slater,  Robert  J.,  Chicago,  HI. 
1916  Slaton,  John  If.,  Atlanta.  Oa. 

1918  Slattery.  Frank  P.,  Wilkei-Barre.  Pa. 

1921  Slattery,  James  M.,  Chicago,  111. 

1922  Slattcary,  John  R..  New  York,  N.  T. 
1914  Slattery.  Joseph  A.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 
1921  Slatteiy,  Thomas  D..  Covington,  Ky. 
1921  SUtcq,  Lant  R.,  Williamson,  W.   Va. 

1921  Slavin,  Dennis  J.,  Waterbury,  Conn. 

1920  Sleeper,   Harold  Alanson.   Detroit,  Hich. 
1914  Sleman,  Paul.  Washington.  D.  C. 

1921  Slifer,  B.  R.,  Chamberlain.  8.  D. 

1919  Slingerland,  Archibald  F..  Newark,  M.  J. 
1918  filingluir.  Jease.  Baltimore,  Md. 

1911  Slingluir.  R.  Lee.  Baltimore.  Md. 

1922  Sloan,  Oharlea  H..  Oenera,  Neb. 

1916  Sloan.  0.  G.,  Clarion,  Pa. 
1928  Sloan,  H.  B.,  Keoaauqua,  Iowa. 

1920  Sloan.  Horace,  Joneflb<fro,   Ark. 
1980  Sloan,  James  T..  Centreville,  Mich. 
1920  Sloan.  John  J..  Detroit.  Mich 

1918  Sloan.  Maurice  Worrell,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

1914  Sloan.  Richard  E..  Phoenix,  Arizona. 

1922  Sloane,  Harrlaon  O.,  San  Diego.  Cal. 

1920  Sloane,  Scott,  Lebanon.  N.  H. 
1928  Sloane,  W.  A.,  Ban  Francisco,  Cal. 
1904  Slocum,  Edward  T..  Pittsfleld.  Maaa. 
1914  Slocom.  John  W..  Long  Branch.  N.  J. 
1902  Sloman.  Adolph.  Detroit.  Mich. 

1921  Sloman,  Edmund  M..  Detroit,  Mich. 
1906  Slonecker.  J.  G..  Topeka.  Eana.  ^ 

1920  Sloes,  M.  C,  San  Francisco.  CaL 

1921  Sloason,  Leonaid  B.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

1980  Slough.   K.   B..    Ardmore.  Okla. 
1921  Sluaser,  Manini,  Wheaton,  111. 

1921  Slutefl,   M.   C,   Cincinnati,   Ohio. 

1917  Small,  Edward  J.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
1914  Small,  Harold  R..  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
1914  Small.  John  H.,  Washington,  H.  C. 

1922  Smallpage,  Lafayette  J.,  Stockton,  Cal. 
1916  Smart,  Edward  M..  Milwaukee.  Wis. 

1918  Smart,  James  O..  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

*  1918  Smart,  John  Harrow.  Clereland,  Ohio. 

1894  Smead.  A.  D.  B..  Carlisle.  Pa. 

1921  Smedal.  C.  A.,  Roland,  Iowa. 

1981  Smejkal,  Edward  J.,  Chicago,  HI. 
192i  Smietanka,  Julius  F.,  Chicago,  111. 
1980  Smilansky,  Maurice  D.,  Dptrolt.  Mich. 

1912  Smiley.  James  J..  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 
1916  Smiser,  James  A.,  Colmmbia,  Tenn. 
1928  Smith,   A.   A.,   Baker,   Ora. 

1918  Smith,  A.  B.,  Montrose,  Pa. 

1918  Smith,  A.  L.,  MarietU,  Ohio. 

1911  Smith,  A.  Page.  Albany,  N.  T. 


li»21 

Smith, 

1928 

Smith, 

1921 

Smith, 

1939 

Smith, 

1902 

Smith, 

1914 

Smith, 

1921 

Smith, 

1916 

Smith, 

1920 

Smith, 

1911 

Smith, 

1921 

Smith, 

1920 

Smith, 

1922 

Smith, 

N. 

1907 

Smith. 

1922 

Smith, 

1893 

Smith. 

1922 

Smith, 

1928 

Smith, 

1918 

Smith, 

1889 

Smith, 

1918 

Smith. 

1918 

Smith. 

1910 

Smith. 

1921 

Smith, 

1906 

Smith. 

1921 

Smith, 

1919 

Smith, 

1914 

Smith, 

1922 

Smith, 

1921 

Smith, 

1917 

Smith. 

1921 

Smith, 

1922 

Smith, 

1921 

Smith, 

1914 

Smith. 

1918 

Smith. 

1906 

Smith, 

1908 

Smith, 

W. 

1918 

Smith. 

1910 

Smith. 

1922 

Smith, 

1914 

Smith. 

1988 

Smith, 

1018 

Smith. 

1921 

Sknith, 

1919 

Smith, 

1910 

Smith, 

1918 

Smith. 

1922 

1914 

Smith. 

1911 

Smith. 

1922 

Smith, 

1919 

Smith. 

1928 

Smith, 

1922 

Smith, 

1928 

Smith, 

A«  Parker,  New  Tortc,  V.  T. 
Albert  D.,  Sacramento,  Cal. 
AlUn,  Paterson,  K.  J. 
Alexander  W.,  Atlanta.  Ga. 
Alfred  Perciiral,  Philadelphia.  Fa. 
Allison  O.,  Clearfield,  Pa. 
Andrew  T.,  Washington,  D.  OL 
Arthur  F.,  Kansas  dtj.  Ma 
Arthur  G..  Honolulu.  HawaiL 
Arthur  Thad.  Boston.  Ma«. 
Aaher  R.,  Laredo,  Tezaa. 
Ben  D.,  Somerset,  Ky. 
Benjamin   Biggs,    AAory   Park, 
J. 

Bertram  L..  Bangor,  Malnay 
Bryant,  Boulder,  Colo. 
Burton,  New  York,  N    Y. 
a  Willard,  St.  Paul,  Mian. 
Oarl  J.,  Seattle,  Wash. 
Cecil  H.,  Sherman,  Texaa^ 
Charles  Blood,  Topeka.  Kana. 
Charles  C,  Guthrie,  Okla. 
Charles  D.,  Gloucester.  MaMi 
Charlea  H.,  Knoxvillc-Tenn. 
Charlea  Henry,  Alexandria,  ▼«. 
Charlea  W.,  Topeka,  Kaaa. 
Claud  M.,  Oherokae,  Iowa. 
Clyde  W.,  San  Pedro.  OiL 
Curtis  Nye.  Boston,  MasL 
DeLancey  C,  San  Franciaoo,  OU. 
Donald  L.,  Rushville,  Ind. 

E.  C.  Spymour.  Wia. 
B.  F.,  Houston,  Texasi 

B.  J.,  Jr.,  Jackaoniille,  f1«. 
B.  S.,  Denisott,  Texaa. 
Earl,  Mason  City.  low*. 
Edward  C,  St.  Albana.  Yt. 
Edward  E.,  Minneapolia.  Mini 
Edward  OrandiaoD,  ClarfcsbufS', 
Va. 

Edward  J..  Naahrllle,  Tcmft. 
Edwin  W..  Pittaburgh.  Pa. 
Eliot  Congdon,  New  York,  N.  T. 
Rlliaon  G..  Pierre,  8.  D. 
Emerson  H.,  Fargo,  N.  D. 
Eugene  Q.,  Lancaster,  Pa. 

F.  Dumont,  Hutchinson,  Kaa. 
F.  Harold,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
FItx-Henry,  Jr.,  Boston.  Maan 
Frank  C.  Jr..  Worcester.  Mani 
Frank  Day.  Detroit,  Mi^ 

Frank  Eugene,  Plattaburgh.  M.  T. 
Frank  O.,  Phoenix.  Arlaoaa. 
Fred  E.,  Eugene,  Ors^ 
Frederic  W..  Newark,  N.  J. 
Fiederick  P..  New  York,  N.  T. 
Frederick  W..  Whittler,  OaL 
O.  I^ler,  Baltimore,  Md. 


ALPHABBTIOAL   LIST   OF   MEMBERS. 


856 


10X8 

Badth, 

1908 

Smitb. 

Ifltl 

Bmith, 

mo 

Sinlth, 

1022 

Smith, 

1022 

Smith, 

ins 

Smith, 

1010 

Smith, 

lOU 

Smith. 

1012 

Smith, 

w. 

1021 

Smith, 

1014 

Smith. 

1921 

Smith, 

lOOC 

Smith. 

1014 

Smith, 

S. 

1008 

Smith. 

1921 

Smith 

1020 

Smith. 

1022 

Smith, 

1016 

Smith. 

1807 

Smith. 

1020 

Smith. 

1020 

Smith. 

1021 

Smith, 

1007 

Smith, 

1022 

Smith, 

1022 

Smith, 

1020 

Smith, 

1020 

Smith. 

1021 

Smith, 

1014 

Smith, 

1904 

Smith. 

1922 

Smith, 

lOtl 

Smith. 

1901 

Smith, 

1014 

Smith. 

1018 

Smith. 

1022 

Smith, 

1021 

Smith. 

1020 

Smith. 

1021 

Smith, 

1018 

Smith. 

1016 

Smith. 

1022 

Smith, 

1022 

Smith, 

1018 

Smith. 

1022 

Smith, 

10^ 

STrl«h, 

1016 

Smith, 

1017 

Smith. 

m« 

Smith, 

1988 

Smith, 

1081 

Smith, 

1018 

Smith, 

1918 

Smith, 

lan 

8tolth« 

€L  W.  L.,  Brewton,  Ala. 
Oeorse  H..  Salt  Lake  City.  Utah. 
Oeoise  Wesley,  Rayrille,  La. 
Gilmer  P.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 
Orant  H.,  San  Franciaco,  Oal. 
Guy  0.,  Salem,  Ore. 
H.  Alexander,  Princeton,  N.  J. 
H.  If..  Jr..  Richmond,  Va. 
Hal  H.,  Detroit.  Ifich. 
Harrison  Brooica,  Charleston, 
Va. 

Hany  D.,  Xenia,  Ohia 
Harry  J..  Spring  City.  Pa. 
Harry  Tj\tT,   Hartford,   Oonn. 
Harvey  F.,  Clarksburg,  W.  Va. 
Henry  A.  MIddleton,  Charleston. 
C. 

Henry  B.,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
Herbert  U.,  Boston,  MasL 
nirsm  R.,  Roscommon.  Mich. 
Horace  H.,  Washington,  D.  O. 
Horton  S.,  Baltimore.  Ud. 
Howard  B..  Omaha,  Nebr. 
Howard  L.,  Munkogce.  Okla. 
1.  S.,  Greeley.  Colo. 
Irving  G.,  Merideh,  -  Oonn. 
Isham  N.,  Portland,  Oregon. 
J.  Boyoe,  Jr.,  New  York,  N.  T, 
J.  Milton,  New  Tork,  N.  T. 
J.  Q..  Montgomery.  Ala. 
J.  R.,   Watertown.  Tenn. 
Jacob  O.,  Syracuse,  N.  T. 
James  F..  Washington.  D   C 
Jeremish.  Jr..  Boston.  Msn. 
Joel  H.,  Selma,  Oal. 
John  Ticwis  Wa«htngton,  D.  C 
John  R.,  Denver,  Co^\ 
John   R.   L,   Mscon.   Ga. 
John  Thomas,  New  Tork,  N.  T. 
Joseph  &  W.,  New  Oastle,  Pa. 
JttHus  0.,  Greensboro,  N.  0. 
Jane  C.  Centralia,  111. 
Jnstin  M.,  Boeeman,  Mont. 
L.   n.,  Knoxville,  TMin. 
Lamar,  Del  Rio.  Texas. 
Laurence  H.,  San  Diego,  Oal. 
Leonard  Hull,  New  York.  N.  T. 
Levin.  Psrkprsbnrg,  W.  Va. 
Lewis  H.,  Fresno,  Gal. 
Luther  Klv.  St.   I^nis.  Ma 
Marion,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
Murrftt   p..   Hoquiam.   Waah. 
Milton,    Denver,    Colo. 
Newton  C,  Portland,  Or^. 
Omer  D.,  Sallna,  Kan. 
P.  M.,  Wellsvillo,  Ohio. 
R.   A.,  Tolaa,  Okla. 
B.  Miradn.  fialtlmoca.  Mi. 


■LBOTRO 

1021  Smith,  R.  S.  B.,  Berryvllle,  Va. 
1910  Smith.   R.   Stuart,   Philadelphia,    Pa. 
1921  Smith,  Ralph  O.,  Davenport,  Iowa. 

1022  Smith,  Ralph  H.,  Santa  Cms,  Cal. 
1022  Smith,  Ralph  W.,  Sacramento,  Oal. 
1021  Smith,  Ray  B.,  ^jrracuae,  N.  Y. 

1917  Smith,  Reginald  Heber,  Boston,  MaaL 
1920  Smith,  Richard  Shore,  Eugene,  Ore. 
1916  Smith,  Richard  Wallace,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1913  Smith.  Robert  R.,  Birmingham,  Ala. 

1918  Smith.  Robert  H.,  Mobile.  Ala. 
1013  Smith,  Robert  Lee,  Albemarle,   N.  O. 
1908  Smith,   Robert  T.,   Nashville,   Tenn. 

1915  Smith,   Roes  B.,   Erie,   Ksn. 
1895  Smith,    Rufus  B.,   andnnati,   Ohio. 

1900  Smith,   Ssmuel  Bosworth,  ChaUsnooga. 
Tenn. 

1916  Smith,  Samuel  M.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
1918  Smith.  Samuel  W..  Jr.,  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 

1920  Smith.  StaiTord,   New  York.  N.  Y. 

1019  Smith,    Stuart    R.,    B«*anmont.    Texas. 

1908  Smith,  Thos.  Kilby,  Philadelphia,  Pa 

1909  Smith,  Victor  Laniar,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

1921  Smith,  Vincent  M.,  Chicago,  III. 

1020  Smith.  Vivian  8..  Bowling  Green.  Me. 

1021  Smith,  W.  A.,  Duboqne,   Iowa. 

1016  Smith,  W.  Con  well,  Baltimore.,  Md. 

1022  Smith,  W.  D.,  F*rt  WoKh,  Tex. 

1017  Smith.   W.   StebUna.   Kew  York.   N.   T. 
1921  Smith,  W.  Wallace,  Chesterfield,  Penn. 

1921  Smith,  W.  Worth,  Jr.,  Lonlaa,  Va. 

1914  Smith,  Waliia  C.  Saginaw.  Mich. 
1882  Smith,  Walter  George.  Philadelphia,  Pt 

1922  Smith,   Wllbnr  R.,  San  Franciaco,  Osi. 
1922  Smith,   Willard  P.,  San  Francisco,  Oal- 

1901  Smith.  William  B.,  Little  Rock.  Ark. 
1918  Smith,  William  H.,   Hilo.   HswsU. 
1822  Smith,  William  H.,  Jr.,  San  Frandsce. 

OaL 

1914  Smith.   William  Haslltt.  Ithaca.  N.   T. 

1908  Smith,   William  M.,  St.  Johns.   Mich. 

1914  Smith,  William  Mason.  Kew  York.  K.  Y. 

1008  Smith,    William   O..    Honolulu.    Hawaii. 

1914  Smith.  Willism  P.,  Miami.  Fla. 

1922  Smith,   William  R.,  Topeka,  Kansas. 

1922  Smith,  Willism  Robert,  El  Paso,  Tex. 

1913  Smith,  Wm.  Rudolph.  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
1918  Smith,  William  8..  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y. 

1917  Smith.  William  Watson.  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
1921  Smith,    William    Wiafred,    Huntington, 

W.  Va. 

1907  Smith,  Winileld  R.,  Seattle,  Wash. 

1908  Smithers,  William  W..  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

1914  Smoot.  Harry  E.,  Chioaaro,  111. 

1913  Smyth.    David    J.,    Philadelphia,    Pa. 
1917  Smyth,  Francis,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1914  Smyth,  Herbert  C,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Snayp,  Danaiiee  D.,  JoUat,  HL 


856 


AMERICAN    BAK  AbSOCIATION. 


EUECTBD 

1800  Snare.  Jtcob,  PhiUdelphia,  Pft. 

1919  Snetd,  H*R7  I'..  Peteraburg,  Va. 
10S2  Snead,  Tlioinaa  B.,  Richmond,  Va. 
1921  Snedecor,  Eatea.  Portland,  Oreg. 

1921  Bneed,  R.  R.,  Ardmora,  Okla. 

1922  SneU,  J.  J.,  Boone,  Iowa. 
1914  Snider,  B.  L.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1916  Snidow,  WiUiam  B.,  Peariaborg,  Ta. 

19S2  Snitkin,  Leonard  A.,  New  Tork,  N.  Y. 

1920  Snow,  Albert  Clwood,  Saginaw.  Mich. 
1922  Snow,  AlTa  B.,  Fresno,  Oal. 

18B8  Snow,  David  W.,  Portland,  Maine. 

1919  Snow,  Frederic  B.,  Boaton,  Wm. 

1911  Snow,  Leslie  P.,  Rochester,  N.  H. 

1919  Snow,  Rcyer  V.,  Portland,  Me. 

1914  Snowden,  Wilton,  Jr.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1921  8n7<ler,  Custer,  Lorain,  Ohio. 
1918  Snjder,  Bany  L.,  Akron,  Ohio. 

1918  Snjder,   Harry  S.,  Sioux  City.  Iowa. 

1915  Snyder,  J.  Frank,  Clearfield,  Pa. 

1922  Snyder,  J.  P.,  Stockton,  OaL 
1914  Snyder,  Jeff  B.,  Tallulah,  La. 
1918  Snyder,   John  B.,   Henhey.   Pa. 
1922  Snyder,  Marshall,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1906  Snyder,  Wilson  I.,  Salt  Uke  aty,  Utah. 
1922  Soana,  Qyrll  A.,  Chicago,  111. 

1921  Sobel,  Joseph,  Nenr  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Soble,  Hirach  B.,  Chicago,  111. 

1922  Soderberg,  Hyrum  A.,  Ogden,  UUh. 

1911  Sohier,  WiUiam  D.,  Boston.  Maaa 
1921  Sohm,   Alfred,   Memphia,  Tenn. 

1912  Sohon,  Henry  W..  Washington,  D.  0. 
1921  Solberg,   Marshall,   Chicago,   ni. 

1918  SoUy,  William  P..  Nonistown.  Pa. 
1921  Solomon,  Louis  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Solomon,     Mortimer    W.,     New    York, 

N.  Y. 

1922  Somer?iIle,  Robert  N.,  Cleveland,  Miss. 
1897  domervflle,  Thomas  H.,  Oxford,  Mfas. 
1921  Somenrille,   Wm.   M.,  Cumberland,   Md. 
1921  Sommers,  Walter  F..  Chicago,  111. 
ISn.  Sommers,  Werner  H.,  Chicago,  IB. 
1911  Sommenrille,  J.  B.,  Wheeling.  W.  Va. 

1921  Sompayrac,  Paul  A.,  New  Orleans,  La. 
1914  Somsen,  Henry  N..  New  Ulm,  Minn. 
1914  Sonfleld,  Leon,  Beaumont,  Texaa. 

1919  Sonnenscheln.  Edward,  Chicago,  111. 
1919  Sonnensehein,  Hugo,  Chicago,  IIL 
1919  Sonatcby.    John   J.,    Chicago,    111. 
1918  Soper.   Morris  A.,   Baltimore,   Md. 

1922  Sorber,  Samuel  R.,  Greenaburg,  Pa. 
1922  Sorem,  Herman  H.,  Chicago,  HI. 
1922  Soto,  Oarloa  Franco,  San  Juan,  P.  R. 

1916  Soto,  Joa4  Tous,  Ponce,  Porto  Rico. 
1916  Soto,  Juan  B..  San  Juan,  Porto  Rico. 
1922  Soto,  R.  M.  F.,  San  Fkandaco,  Cal. 
1921  Souera,  Lown  Edmunda,  Canton,  <Miio. 
1911  Soula.  Frank.  Ntw  OclaaM»  La. 


KLBCTBD 

1920  Sourdar,  Paul  M.,  Loganaport,  bd. 
1928  Sourek,  Joaeph  F.,   Akron,  Ohio. 

1921  Southard,    J.    Bennatt,    Cold    8prii«, 
N.  Y. 

1922  Southerland,   darenoe  A,   Wilmington, 
DeL 

1980  Sottthem,  Allen  C,  Kanaaa  City.  Mo. 

1910  Southworth,  Constant,  Akron,  Ohio. 
1918  Spafford,  John  A,  Aidgeport,  Conn. 
1914  Spalding,  EHiott,  St.  Joaeph,  Ma. 

1916  Spalding.   Hughea,   Atlanta,  Oa. 

1920  S|)alding,  Jack  J.,  Atlanta,  Oa. 
1918  Spalding,  Lyman  A,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1921  Spangenberg,     Arthur    R.,    Cincinnati. 
Ohio. 

1981  Spangenberg,  Otto  O.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1921  Sparks,  Cbarlea  C,  Hot  Springs,  Ark. 
1918  Sparks,  Frederick  W..  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

1921  Sparks,  Laban,  Bammore,  Md. 

1920  Sparrow,  Sam,  Kanaaa  City,  Mo. 

1922  Spaulding,  G,  A.,  Helena,  Mont 
1918  Spaulding,  Barry  W.,  Manchester,  N.  B. 

1921  Spaulding,   W.  H.,  San  Franciaco,  OaL 

1922  Spear,  Elmer  Ernest,  Everett,  MaaiL 
1909  Spearing,  J.  Each,  New  Orleana,  Ia. 
1920  Spears,  %arry,  Memphia.  Tenn. 
1922  Spedale,  O.  H.,  San  Jose,  OaL 
1914  Speer,  Peter  M.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1914  Speer,  William  IL,  Jcisay  City.  M.  J. 

1917  Spell,  W.    B.,   Waoo,  Texas. 
1916  Spellacy,  Thomaa  J.,  Hartford,  Conn. 

1911  Oilman,    Benjamin    F.,    New    Yor^ 
N.  Y. 

1918  Spellman,  Clarence  1.,  Kanaaa  City,  Mo. 
1922  Spence,  Homer  R.,  San  Frmndaoo,  Oal. 
1911  Spence,  Union  L.,  Carthage,  N.  C 
1918  Spencer,  A.  B.,  Joplin,  Mo. 
1922  Spencer,  Arthur  C,  Portland,  Ore. 
1918  Spencer,  J.  S.,  Point  Pleaaant,  W.  Ya. 

1911  Spencer,  Nelaon  E.,  Rochester,  M.  T. 
1922  Spencer,  Omar  C,  Portland,  Ore. 
1889  Spencer,  Selden  P.  (Waahington,  D.  0.>. 

8t  Louia,  Mo. 

1912  Spencer,  Walker  Brainard,  New  Orleaaa, 
U. 

1918  Sperania,  Ohio  0.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1907  Sperry,    Eugene  E.,   New   Yofk.   R.    Y. 

1916  Sperry,  Lewia,  Hartford,  Conn. 
1922  Spicer,  George  M.,  Long  Bea^  OaL 
1922  Spiegelbeig,  F.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1917  Spielman,    Jacob    R.,    Oklahoma    City. 
Okla. 

1918  Spiera.  Edward,  Oklahoma  CKy.  Okla. 
1918  Spieth,   Lawrence  C,   Cleveland,  OUot 
1920  SpiUer,  Jamca  L.,  Sweetwater,  Ttean. 
1022  SpiUcr,  Robert  K.,  Roanoke,  Va. 
l/a  Spilman,  Emily  A.,  Waahington,  D.  a 
18U  Spilman.  Robert  &,  Gkarleston,  W.  Tn. 


ALPHABITIOAL  IJ8T  OF  IffHinwntS. 


857 


ins    Svingani,  Arthur  a.  New  York,  N.  T. 
IffS    SpinaQT,  Join  D.,  Alma,  Mich. 

1914  Spirk,  Charles  A.,  Seattle,   Wuh. 
im    SpiUer,  OalTin  D..  Tiffin.  Ohio, 
im    Spits,  Leopold.  New  York,  M.  T. 
im    Spohn,   WiUiam  H.,  Madison,    Wis. 

.  1809    Spoooer,  Ghsrlee  P.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1910  Spooner,  Willett  M.,  Milwaukee^  Wis. 
me   Spndlinc,  Manrin  C,  Talia,  Okla. 
ino    Spraglns,  R.  F..  Jackson,  Tenn. 
mi    Sprague,  Charles  H.,  Boston,  Maok 
It»    Spraffoe^  Edward  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1950  Sprafue,  Barry  E.,  8t  Louis,  Mo. 

1911  Sprsgne,  Rofos  W.,  Jr.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1981    Spragne,  William  a.  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1951  Sprsguc,  William  B.,  Portsmouth,  Ohio. 

1915  Spimtt,  Msurloe  O.,  BnlTalo,   N.   Y. 

1912  Spratt,  Thomss,  Ofdenshurg,  N.  Y. 
1914    Sprigv,  Carroll,  Dajrton,  Ohio. 
19U    Sprigg,  Patterson,  San  Dlc«o,  OaL 
19a    Spriggs,  K.  L.,  Safford,  Aricooa. 

1918  Spring,  Romnej,  Boston,  Masi^ 

1919  Spring,  Ssmuel,  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 
1922    linger,  Rolland  0.,  San  Diego,  Oal. 
1981    Springmejrer,  George,  Beno,  Nev. 

1917  Sprlngmeytr,  Qeorge  A.,  St.  Louis,  Moi 

1918  l^jroat,  B.  G.,  Hammond,  Ind. 

1918    Sprout,  Clarence  B.,  Willitmsport,  Pa. 
19U    Sporgeon,  WiUiam  H.,  Colorado  Springs. 

Cblo. 
1881    Spurgin,  W.  G.,  Urbana,  01. 
1988    Squler,  Eugene  W.,  Santa  Barbara,  Oal. 

1916  Sqnier,  James  W.,   Elkton,    Md. 

1887  Squire,  Andrew,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
1914    Squires,  Edwin  B.,  Broken  Bow.  Nehr. 

1888  Staake,  Williate  H.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1918  8taake»  William  W..  Philadelphia*  Pa. 
1988   Stabler,  Howard  D.,  Juneau,  Alasks. 
1816    Stackpole,  Henrj  W.,  Olaj  Center,  Kana. 
1988   Stackpole,  J.  Lewis,  Boston,  Mass. 
1888   Stackpole,  Pierpont  L.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1981    Stacy,  Wright  A.,  SUver  City,  Ida. 
1914    Stadtfeld,    Joeeph,    Pittsburgh,    Pa. 
1981    BtaiTord,   Bert  U,   Butland,   Vt 

1898  Stafford,  Charles  B.,  Chicago,  IlL 
1981  Stafford,  Edmund  J.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
1981    StaiTord,  Edward,  Washington,  D.  O. 

1910  Stafford,  Bthelred  M.,  New  Orleans,  La. 

1980  Stafford,  Harold  B.,  Honolulu.  Hawaii 
1921    Stafford,  John  L.,  Williamson,  W.  Vs. 
1887    Suflord.   William   H.,   Chippewa   Palls. 

Wis. 
1914    Stafford,  Wendell  P.,  Wa^iogton,  D.  0. 

1911  Stagg,  Gbas.  Traosy,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

1981  Stagg,  John  A.,  Ohiesgo,  HI. 
1914    Stahl,  diaries  H.,  Akron,  Ohio. 

1919  Stehl,   Floyd  M.,   Phoenix,  Aris. 
1988    Stahl,  H.  K.,  Ooiooa,  Oolo. 


1916  Stahl,  Joseph  L,  Montiosllo,  N.  T. 

1918  Stainbaefc.  Charles  A..  SomerviUa,  Torn. 

1919  Staker,  Lewis  A.,  Huntington,  W.  Va. 

1915  SUlcup,  Bobert  B.,  Dalhart,  Tas. 
1981    Stallcup,  J.  A.,  Hot  Springs,  Ark. 

1917  Stsllings,  A.  R.,  Wsshington,  D.  O. 

1918  Stambaugh,  Harry  F.,  Pittaburgh,  Pa. 
1914   Stamm,  A.  C,  Harriiburg,  Pa. 

1928   Stammer,  Walter  H.,  Freanov  Gal. 

1980  Stanaxd,  B.  0.,  Shawnee,  Okla. 

1919  Stanford,  Bawghlie  a.  Phoenix,  Aria. 

1981  Stanley,  Arthur  J.,  Kansss  City,  Kan. 
1988   SUnley,  Edward  O.,  Jr..  Newark,  N.  J. 
1921    Stanley,  Elton  W.,  Bapid  City,  S.  D. 
1981    Stanley,  Guy  E.,  Kansas  Oi^y,  Ksn. 
1918    Stanley,  Marion  F.,  Aurora,  Nehr. 

1918  Stanley,  Welles  K.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
1980   Stanley,  William  Eugene,  Wichita,  Sana. 

1980  Stanley,  WilUam  L.,  Honolnhi,  HawaB. 
1881    Stansbmy,  David  D.,  Chicago,   111. 

1919  Stansbmy,  John,   Douflas,  Wyo. 

1981  Stanton,  Edward  C,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1916  Stanton,  Bobert  P.,  Baltimore,  Md. 
1988   Stanwood,  Edward  B.,  MarysviUe,  Oal. 
1928    Stapleton,  Charles  W.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1918    Stapleton,  Luke  D.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1918   Stapleton,  Thomas,  Marengo,  Iowa. 

1917  Starbuek,    Henry    R.,    Winston-Salem, 

N.  C. 

1917  Stark,  Henry  W.,  Milwaukee.  Wia. 
1981  Stark,  William  A.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1916    Starke,  Brace,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1881    Staraes,  D.  W.,  Lawmcsburg,  Tbub. 
1988    Stair,  0.  L.,  Portland,  On. 
*1913   Starr,  Lewis,  Csmden,  ^N.  J. 
1866    Starr,  Mcrritt,  Chicago,  BL 

1980  Staiainger.  Vincent,  Des  Moinss,  lows. 

1981  Stsson,  Edwin  J.,  Sioux  City,  Iowa. 
1981  Stathen,  Birk  S.,  Weston,  W.  Va. 
1914  Staton,  John  W.,  Snow  Hill,  Md. 
1988  Stauffer,  Osrroll  O.,  Omaha,  Neb. 
1988  Stauffer,  Henry  E.,  Dayton,  Ohio. 
1990  Stayton,  John  W.,  Newport,  Ark. 
1804   Stayton,    Joeeph    M.,    Newport,    Ark. 

1918  Stayton,  Bobert  W..  Oorpw  Christi,  tn. 
1918    Stearns,  Charles  F.,  Providence,  B.  L 
1918    Stearns,  Frtderic  W.,  Sen  Diego,  OsL 
1981    Steams,  L   H.,   Wichita,  Kan. 

1918  Steams,  J.  O.,   Portland,  Oregosu 
1981    Steams,  Jssm,  Redmond,  Oreg. 

1914  '  Steams,  Joseph  T.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1919  Steama,  Percy  J..  MUwankee,  Wia. 
1916    StebbiM,  Albert  K.,  Milwaukee.  Wte. 
1912  Stebbins,   Byron   H.,   Madiaon,   Wis. 
1918    Stebbins,  Charles  H..  Boston.  Mma. 
1918    Stebbins,  Uwis  A..  Chicago,  HI. 
1988    Stecklcr,  David,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
19QS    StodmsB,  Uvingston  B..  Seattle  Wmh. 


us 


AMXBXOMS  BAB  A680GIATIOK. 


ItU  Stctle,  Oeorf*  P.,   Dearer,   Coto. 

Itli  Steels,    Oay   W..    Weetminster,    Ud. 

iwn  Steele.   Henry  J.,   Easton,   Pa. 

1916  Steele*  Tbomea  M.,  New  Haven.  Conn. 
Iil9  Steele,  William  Karr.  CbUvgo.  HI. 
19M  Steele,  William  M.  Superior.  Wii. 
19S1  Steere,  hlcjd  R.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1922  Stellen,  C.  H.,  Seattle,  Waah. 

1914  Steger,  William  R..  Nayhville.  Tenn. 

1922  Stein,  Abraham  C,  Plttaburgh,  Pa. 

USD  Stein,    Alfred    A..    Elizabeth,    ::.   J. 

1914  Stein.  Charlea  P..  Baltimore,  Md. 

1921  Stein,   Morton,   New  York,   N.   T. 

1921  Stein,   Philip,  Chicago,  DL 

1921  Steinberg,    Benjamin    P.,    New    Torfc, 

N.  T. 

1917  Steinbrink,    Ueier.   Brooklyn,    K.    T. 
1914  Steinbugler,  John  L.,  New  York.  N.  T. 
1914  Steinemann,  George  C.  Sandaiky.  Ohia 
1914  Steiner,    Robert    E.,    Jr.,    Montgomery, 

Ala. 

1922  Steinhardt,  Maxwell,  New  York,  M.  Y. 

1918  Steinhart,  Jeaw  H.,  San  Frmciico.  CaL 

1918  Steinbaua,  Isaac,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1914  Steininger,    Cloyd,    Lewiaburg.    Pa. 

1920  Steinraets,  Karl  E..  Rnoxville,  Tenn. 
1922  Stemler,  J.  O.,  Stockton,  Gal. 

1916  Stengel,  George  H.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

1917  Stents.  Val.  J..  New  Orleans,  La. 

1921  Stephanidis,  John  D.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1914  Stepbena,  Alexander  W.,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
1914  Stephens,  Charles  H.,  Cincinnati.   Ohio. 
19C1  Stephf^na,    Charles  H.,   Jr.,   Cincinnati, 

Ohio. 

1921  Stephens,  J'rank  Hall,  Chicago,  HI. 

1920  Stephens.  GroT<>r  C  Piedmont,  Mo. 

1922  Stephens,    Harold   M.,    Salt   Uke   City, 

Utah. 

1921  Stephens,   Henry  J.,   Loa   Angeles,  Oil. 

1922  Stephens,  Jamet  C,  Nrw  York,  N.  Y. 
1913  Rtpphena,  Louis  L.,  Pierre,  S.   D. 
1911  Stepbena,  R.  Allan,  Springfield,  HI. 

1921  Stephens,    Raymond    W.,    Los    Angelea, 
^      Osl. 

1906  Stephens,     Redmond     D.,     Washington, 
D.  C. 

1922  Stephens,  Walter  P.,  Camppllo,  Mina. 
lOM  ««cp»»  »w,  Wiltftm  n..  Savannah.  Oa. 

1919  Stephenson,  Gilbert  T.,  Ralelfrh,  N.  C. 
1919  Stephenson.  Sarah.  Brooklyn.  N.  Y. 

1918  Rrpphrnaon.  Will  P.,  Wwt  Union.  Ohio. 
1921  Sterling,  Charles  W.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
1929  Sterling,  Cloyd  D.,  Redfl'>ld.  S.  D 
1921  Sterling,  John  J.,  Benton  Harbor.  Mich. 
1906  Sterling,  Thomas  (Waabington,   D.   C). 

Vermilion,  S.  D. 

192J  Stem,  Ctrl  S.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Stem,  Prank,  Boston,  Maan 


tVitt  Stem,  Henry  L..  Chletfo,  IR. 

1915  Stern.  Henry  Root.  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1991  Stem,  Horace,  Philadelphia,  Pena. 

1917  Stem.  Joseph  U,  Cleveland.  Ohio. 

1915  Stem,  Louis  B.,  Atlantic  City,  N.  J. 

1920  Stem,  Milford.  Detroit.  Mick. 

1916  Stem.   Morris.  Milwaukee.  Wit. 

1921  Stem,  Oscar  D.,  Chicago,  lU. 

1921  Stem,  Sidney  J.,  Greensboro,  N.  O^ 

1922  Sternberg,    Guy    V.,    Grand    Jonctioii, 

Colo. 

1920  Sternberg.  H.  L.,  Stuttgart.  Ark. 

1922  Sternberg,  Samuel  H..  New  York,  N.  T. 

1921  Sterne,  Neal  P.,  Annlston,  Ala. 
1901  Sterrett,  Jamea  R..  Pittstxirgh.  Pa. 

1922  Sterry,  Norman  S.,  Loa  Angelea,  CaL 
1921  Stetaon,     George     W.,     Middleboroiigfc. 


1916 
1914 
1911 
1921 
1922 
1922 
1917 
1921 
1912 
1922 
1922 
1921 
1896 
1912 
1921 
1922 
1922 
1917 
1918 
1912 
1912 
1921 
.1922 
1918 
1914 

1922 
1918 
1918 
•9T6 
1921 
1921 
1914 
1895 
1P97 
1907 
1921 


1917 
1922 


Stetaon.  Henry  T.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Stettlniua.  John  L..  Cincinnati,  Ohiot 
Steuart,  James  L..  New  York.  N.  Y. 
Steuer.  Max  D.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
Stevens,  Bsail  M.,  Hoboken,  N.  J. 
Stevens,  C.  E.,  Seattle,  Waah. 
Stevemu  Carleton  H  .  New  Haven, 
Stevena,   E.    A.,   Rockport,   Texas. 
Stevena.  E.  Ray,  Madison.  Wia. 
Stevena,  Bmeat  G.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
Stevens,  Frank  A.,  Un  Vegaa,  Nev. 
Stevena,  Frank  M.,  Elyria,  Ohio. 
Stevena,  Frederick  W.,  Ann  Aibor. 
Stevena,  George  M.,  Chicago,  HL 
Stevens,  George  M.,  Chicago,  IIL 
Stevens,  H.  H.,  Minneapolia,  Min^ 
Stevena,  H.  U,  Warsaw.  N.  0. 
Stevens.  Henry  B..  Aaheville,  N.  OL 
Stevens,  Heniy  W.,  Concord,  N.  H. 
Stevens.  J.  Morgan.  Jackson.  Mlas. 
Stevens,  John  C.  Hart  land.  Wia. 
Stevena,  Luciua  K.,  Clinton,  Doom. 
Sterens,  Martin,  San  Prandaeo,  OkL 
Stevena.  Raymond  B.,  Lisbon.  N.  B. 
Stevens,   Roland  B..  White  River  Ji 

tion.  Vt. 
Stevena,  Samuel  8.,  San  FranciaoD,  OaL 
Stevens.  T.  M.,  Mobile,  Ala. 
Stevena.  Tniman  S..  Dea  Molnea,  lowm. 
Ptevens.  W.  B..  Stoneham.  Maas. 
Stevens  Walter  L.,  Northampton,  Ifaaa. 
Stevens,  William  A.,  Long  Beach,  N.  J. 
Stevens.  William  R.,  Readhig.  Pa. 
Stevenaon,  Archie  M.,  Denver.  Cola 
Stevenaon,  Elmer  E.,  IndianapoHa,  fnd. 
Stevenson,  Eugene,  Patersoo,  N.  J. 
Stevenaon,    Bvmn    C,    Rockwell    City, 

Iowa. 
Stevehion,  W.  M..  Bennettsville,  8.  O. 
Stevick,  Gqy  LeBoy,  Ban  Praodano»  OaL 


ALPHABSnOAIi  LIST  OV  ICBHBBBS. 


VHU  SfcMrard.  Joha  F.»  Addiaon,  Iflc^ 

1821  Stewwrd,  John  W.,  Pateraon,  N.  J. 

191S  Stewart.  A.  K.,  Dea  Moines,  Iowa. 

1922  Stewart,  A.  T.,  Pueblo»  Oolo. 

1914  Stewart,  Alexander  P.,  St.  Louia,  Ifo. 

101S  Stewart,  Barnard  J„  Salt  Lake  dtj, 

Utah, 

ins  Stewart,  CalWn,  Kenoaha,  Wit. 

1919  Stewart,  Cbarlea  L.,  Norwich,  Conn. 

1914  Stewart,  Daniel  A.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1915  Stewart,  Edgar  B.,  Morgantown,  W.  Va. 

1916  Stewart,  Eugene,  Chicago,  III. 

1922  Stewart,  Gordon  A.,  Stockton,  OaL 

1914  Stewart,  J.  J.,  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa. 

1914  Stewart,  J.  W.  M.,  Ashland,  Kjr. 

1914  Stewart,  James  G.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1921  Stewart,  John  D.,  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa. 

1921  Stewart,  John  M.,   Lincoln,   Neb. 

1912  Stewart,  Maco^  Galveston,  Texas. 

1913  Stewart,  Robert,  New  York.  N.  T. 
WM  Stewart.  Robert  W..  Chicago,  lU. 
1908  Stewart,  Russell  C,  Easton,  Pa. 
1916  Stewart,  Samuel  W.,  Salt  Lake  Cit/, 

Utah. 

1919  SUwart,  W.  B.,  ClevelaBd.  Ohio. 

1880  Stewart.  W.  P.  Baj,  York.  Pa. 

1912  Stewart,  Willard  B.,  Lincoln.  Nebr. 

1999  Stewart,  WiUtam  B..  Pueblo.  Colo. 

1907  Stewart,  William  M.,  Jr..  Philadelphia, 

Pa. 

1928  Stick,  John  a,  Los  Angeles,  OaL 

1980  Sticklej,  R.   H.,  Memphis.  Teno. 

1921  8ticknqr»  Edward  &,  Galesburg,  111. 
1912  Stickney,  Willism  B.  C,  Rutlsnd.  Vt 

1922  SUdger,  O.  P.,  Oakland,  CaL 

1908  Stier,  Joseph  F..  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Stiles,  £.  B.,  ManchcsUr,  Iowa. 

1922  Stiles,  Glenn  &,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

1911  Stiles,  Jsmes  A..  Pitchburg.  Maw. 
Stillman,  Herman  W.,  Chicago,  111. 
StUlman,  Wtlter  &,  Couaoil  Bluffs. 

Iowa. 

1981  StiUman,    William    Maxson.    Plainfleld, 

M.  J. 

1921  BtiUweU,  Charles  D.,  Harrisburg,  UL 

1921  Stniwell,  Charles  M.,  Sioux  Olty,  Iowa. 

1921  StiUwelL  Giles  N.,  flb^cuse,  N.  Y. 

m2  Stilwell,  William  H..  Phoenix.  Aris. 

1918  Stimson,  Edward  C,  Dearer,  Colo. 

1916  Stimson,  Henry  L..  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1921  Stimson,  Msrshall,  Los  Angeles,  Gal.  ■ 

1912  Stinchfleld.    Frederick   H..    Minneapolis. 

Minn. 

1916  Stinemeycr,  Edwin  H.,  Canon  City,  Oolo. 

1911  Stiness.  Edwsrd  C,  Providence,  R.  L 

1922  Stipe,  William  F.,  darinda,  Iowa. 
J018  Stivers.  D.  Osy,  Butte.  Mont 

1909  Stivers^  Frank  A.,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 


1916 
1900 
1918 
1920 
1914 
1920 
1922 
1912 
1916 
1922 

1921 

1919 
1012 
1909 
1907 
1021 
1917 
1921 
1808 
1881 
1906 
1918 
1906 
1913 
1920 
1906 
1910 
1911 
1921 
1920 
1922 
1910 
1917 
1921 
1922 
1912 
1901 
1922 
1911 
1919 
1911 
1919 
1921 
1918 
1914 
1922 
1921 
1921 
1912 
1911 
1919 

1918 
1919 
1911 


SloekAfd,  George  G.,  Van  Bm«a,  Ark. 
Stockbridge,  Enos  S.,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Stockbridge,  Henry,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Stockman,  David  T.,  Sigoumey*  Iowa. 
Stocks,  Harry  G.,  Mexico,  Mo. 
Stocks.  S.  D.,  Mexico,  Mo. 
Stockton,  A.  HendersQf^  Phoenix,  Aria. 
Stockton,  Charles  W.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Stockton,  Howard,  Jr.,  Boston,  Mass. 
Stockton,  Richard,  Newark,  N.  J. 
Stockton,    RicLard    G.,    Winston-Salem, 

N.  C. 
Stockton,  William  Tennent,  Jacksonville^ 

FlA. 

Stockwell,  Edward  A,,  Providence,  R.  L 
Stock  well.  Herbert  G..  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Stoddard,  Elliott  J.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
Stoddard.  John  M..  New  York.  N.  Y. 
Stoddard,  Robert  C,  New  Haven,  Cons. 
Stoddard.  Roy  W.,  Reno.  Nev. 
Stoddard,   Sanford,   Bridgeport,  Conn. 
Stoehr,  Oscar,  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 
Stoever,  William  C,  Philadelphia.  Pil 
Stokely,  J.  T..  Birmingham,  Ala. 
Stokes,  John  P.,  Penaacola,  Fla. 
Stokes,  Jordan,  NashTiUe.  Tenn. 
Stokes,  Jordan,  Jr.,  Naahville.  Tenn. 
Stokes,  Thomas  O.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Stoll.  Richard  C,  Lexington.  Ky. 
StoUenwerck,   Frank,  Montgomery,    AU. 
Stola.  Benjamin,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 
Stone,  Arthur  G.,  Charleston,  W.  Va. 
Stone,  Ben  H..  Amarillo.  Tex. 
Stone,  Byron  F.,  Jr.,  San  Francisco,  OaL 
Stone,  Charles  F.,  Walt  ham,  Mass. 
Stone.  Claude  U.,  Peoria,  lU. 
Stone,  Clyde  E.,  Peoria,  HI. 
Stone,  Duke,  Los  Angeles,  Oal. 
Stone,  Edward  C.  Boston,  Mass. 
Stone,  Frederic  M.,  Boston,  Masa. 
Stone,  George  H.,  San  Diego,  OaL 
Stone,  Harlan  F.,  New  York.  N.  T. 
Stone,  J.  Sidney,  Boston,  Masa. 
Stone,  John  0.,  Houghton.  Mich. 
Stone,  John  H.,  Wayne,  Pa. 
Stone,  John.S.,  Birmingham,  Ala. 
Stone,  Joseph  C.,  Muskogee,  Oklshoma. 
Stone,  Kimbrough.  Kansss  Citr,  Mo. 
Stone,  Leonard,  Fort  Bragg,  CaL 
Stone,  Nathsn  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Stone,  Norbome  C,  Bsy  Minette,  Ala. 
Stone,  Robert,  Topeka,  Kans. 
Stone,  Robert  B.,  Boston,  Mass. 
Stone*    Robert   Raymond.   Lske  Charles. 

U. 
Stone,  Royal  A..  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
Stone,  W.  1.,  Coffeeville,  Miss. 
Stone,  Willmore  B.,  Springfield,  Mass. 


960 


AKBRICAN  BAB  AB80CIATI0K. 


BLBCTIBD 

ion  Stonebraker,    Lerin,    Hftgentown,    lid. 

1914  StoMman,  David,  Borton,  Uam. 

1914  Stoneman,  George  J.,  Los  Aogelea,  OaL 

19tl  Stoner,  George  J.,  Hartford,  Oonn. 

1918  Stoney,  Galllard,  San  Franciaco,  Gal. 

19Z1  Stonef,  Thomas  P.,  Oharleston,  8.  G. 

1917  Sto'rer.  Todl»  C,  Pueblo,  Oolo. 
1921  Storsy,  Gharles  M.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1881  Storey.  Moorfleld,  Boston,  IfasL 
1911  Storey.  Richard  C.,  Boston,  Haas. 
1921  Storkan,  James*  Ohicago,  III. 
1921  Storrs*  George  D.,  Ware,  Mass. 
1906  Stona,  Henry  B..  Los  Angeles,  Ctl. 

1909  Story,  Hampden,  Shreveport,  La. 

1918  Story,  William,  Jr.,  Salt  Uke  City, 

Utah. 

1917  Stotcsbnry,  Louis  W.,  New  Torfc,  N.  T. 

1918  Stotler,  P.  L.,  Ooltez,  Wa«h. 
1918  Stota,  Robert  A.,  Easton,  Pa. 

1894  Stoughton.  A.  B.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1928  Stout,  Edward  P.,  Jersey  Oity,  N.  J. 

1908  Stovall,  A.  T.,  Okolona.  Ifias. 

1914  Storer,  Pred  W.,  Port  Oollina,  Colo. 

1911  Stow,  Pred  W.,  Fort  Collins,  Oolo. 
1921  Stowell,  Bllery  C.,  Wsshington,  D.  O. 
1982  Stowell,  Barley  L.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1918  Strachan,    Willia  L.,   Colorado  Springs, 

Colo. 

1982  Strack,  W.  G.,  Grundy  Center,  Iowa. 

1920  Strahan,  Thomas  R.,  New  Tork,  N.  T. 

1910  Strang,  S.  Bartow.  Chattanooga,' Tenn. 
1918  StnttOD,  Abram  B..  Chicago.  III. 

1918  Straub.  Thomas  J.,  San  Francisco,  Osl. 

1921  Straus,  Ira  E.,  Chicago.  HI. 

1912  Straus,  Simeon.  Chicago,  III. 

1908  Strausa.  Charlea,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1918  Strauss.  I.  C.  Sumter.  8.  C. 

1909  Strauss,  Oscar,  Des  Moines.  Iowa. 
1914  Strawn.  Lester  H.,  Ottawa,  111. 

1908  Strawn,  Silas  H.,  Chicago.  III. 
1881  Street,  Robert  G..  Galveston,  Texaa. 
1891  Streeter,  Frank  S.,  Concord,  N.  H. 

1920  Streeter,  Howard,  Detroit,  lllch. 

1914  Streeter,  Thomas  W..  New  York,  N.  T. 

1921  Streeter.  Wallace,  Chicago,  HL 

1922  Streetman,  Sam,  Houston.  Tex. 

1917  Stribling,  Oscar  L..  Waco.  Texaa. 

1918  Strieker,  Adsm  K.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1909  Strieker,  Sidney  G..  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 
1901  Strickland.  John  J..  Athens.  Ga. 

1921  Strickland,  Reeves  T.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

1918.  Strtckler,    Dsvid   P.,   Colorado   Springs. 

Colo. 

1921  Strieklett,  Alfred  E..  Covington,  Ky. 

1921  Strlckling,  O.  W.,  Huntington,  W.  Vs. 

1921  Stringer,   Edward  8.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

1918  Stringfellow.  Horace,  Montgomery,   Ala. 

1914  Stringfellow,  William  E.,  St  Joseph,  Mo. 


1922  Stringham,    Tnak   D.,    Saa   IVanclaco, 

Cal. 

1918  Strlte,  J.  A,  Chambersburg,  Pa. 

1914  Strode,  Jesse  B.,  Lincoln,  Nebr. 

1907  Stroh,  Charles  C,  Harrisborg,  Pa. 

1920  Strom,  Torval  E.,  Eseaaaba,  Midi: 

1901  Strong,  Alan  H.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
1928  Strong,  Charles  A.,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 
1898  Strong,  Edward  W.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1917  Strong,  Robert  G.,  Denver,  Colo. 

1918  Strong,  Theodore,  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

1921  Strong,  W.  C,  Dalhart,  Texna. 

1914  Strotber,  Albert  R.,  Kansas  C9ty,  Mo. 

1910  Strotber,  D.  J.  P.,  Welch,  W.  Va. 

1922  Strother,  8.  L.,  Fresno,  Oal. 
1918  Stroud,  Ray  M.,  Madison.  Wia. 
1920  l^jtroop.  A.'  B.,  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

1920  Strouse,  Alexander  L.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1918  Strouse,  Louis  H.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1918  Strout,  Charles  A.,  Portlsnd.  Maine. 

1921  Strover,  Oarl,  Chicago,  HI. 

1919  Strosier,  Harry  8.,  Macon.  Ga. 

1980  Stmbinger,  Joseph  T.,  St  Louis,  M«. 

1921  Struble,  G.  T.,  Sioux  City,  lowm. 

1921  Struble,  Stanley,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1917  Strudwick,  Robert  C,  Greensboro,  N.  OL 

1918  Stmse.  Otto  F.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

1922  Strussig,  Frank  J.,  Jr.,  Portland,  Ore. 
1921  Stryker,  J.  Lowe,  Fredonia.  Kan. 

1908  Stryker,  John  E.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

1918  Stryker.  Joaiah.  Newark.  N.  J. 

1919  Stryker,  Lloyd  Paul,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1914  Stuart,  Albert  R.,  Baltimore.  Md. 
1914  Stuart,  Allison  E.,  La  Fsyette.  Tnd. 
1916  Stuart,  Barnwell  S.,  Denver.  Colo. 

1918  Stuart,  Chsrles  B.,  Oklaboros  City.  Okfn. 

1921  Stuart,  Charles  H.,  LaFayette,  Ind. 

1922  Stuart,  D.  O.,  Harlan,  Iowa. 

1914  Stuart,  D.  Sollins,  Cleveland.  Tnm. 

1918  Stuart,  H.  L.,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 
1922  Stuart,  Ralph  B.,  Hatnpton,  Iowa. 

1919  Stiurt,  Robert,  Pawhuska,  Okla. 
1918  Stuart,  Zebulon  B..  Los  Angelea.  OU. 

1921  Stobblea,  Charles  8.,  Peoria,  m. 

1909  Stubba,  Frank  P.,  Monroe,  La. 
1914  Studley,  J.  Butler,  Boston,  Mass. 

1912  Stueve,  Clement  A,  Wapakoneta,  OMol 

1922  Stuhr,  William  8.,  Hoboken,  N.  J. 
1921  Sturcke,  Louis,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1911  Sturdevant,'  Willard  L.,  St  Lonfa,  Mow 
1914  Bturges,  George  R.,  Woodbuiy,  Ooim. 
1907  Sturges,  Ralph  A.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1921  Sturgis,  Charles  E.,  Blufftoo,  Ind. 
1980  Sturgis,  Qvij  H.,  Portland,  Me. 

1911  Sturgia,  W.  J.,  Dniontown,  Pa. 

1918  SturUe,  Robert  B.,  Dade  Oty,  FVnMn. 

1902  Sturtevvnt,  Charles  L.',  Waalilngtnn, 

D.  O. 


ALPHABBTICAL  LIST  Of   MBMBSB8. 


861 


1922  Stuxtevant,    0«orge    Abram,    San    Fran- 
cisco, Cal. 

Itn  Sturtevant,   Malcolm  E.»  Bostoo,    lia». 

Un  Sturtc,  Samuel.  New  York,  N.  Y. 

192S  Stuts,  FKderick  G.,  St.  Paul,  If  inn. 

Ifl7  Stylet,  Samuel  J.,  Baj  City,  Tezaa  ■ 

1022  Suau,  SaWador.  San  Juan,  P.  B. 

1916  Sugar,  Leon,  Lake  Charlee,  La. 

1921  Sugarman,  S.  Charles,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1906  fhiggett,  Johp  W.,  Cortland,  N.  Y. 

1918  Sugl^rue,  Michael  J.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1914  Suirt,  Frank  0.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1918  Suits.  Fred  E.,  OkUhoma  aty.  Okla. 

1918  Sulgrove,  James,  Qioteau,  Mont. 

1919  BulliTan,  Boetius  H.,  Chioago,  111. 

1918  SulllTaa.  Comellui  J..  Jr..   New  York, 

K.  Y. 

1919  Sulliran,  Denis  E..  Chicago,  IlL 

1919  SQllivan,  Dennis  W..  Chicago,  lU. 
1918  Sullivan,  Edmund,  Berlin,  N.  B. 

1918  Sullivan.  Edward  M..  Providence,  R.  L 

1914  Sullivan,  Florence  J..  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1906  Sullivan,  Francis  W.,  Duluth,  Minn. 

1918  Sullivan,  Frank  H.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

19U  SolUvan,   Frank   P.,   Sault   Ste.    Marie, 

Mich. 

1921  SnlUvan,  Frederick  J.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Sullivan,  Barry  F.,  San  Francisco.  Cal. 
ftsi  Sullivan,  Beniy  J.,  Phoenix.  Ariz. 
1918  Sullivan.  Bugh  A.,  Akron,  Ohio. 

1906  Sullivan.  J.  J.,  Pensacola,  Fla. 

1914  Sullivan,  James  E..  Muskegon,  Mich. 

1916  Sullivan,  James  J.,  Denver,  Colo. 

1911  Sullivan,  James  W.,  Lynn,  Mass. 

1918  Sullivan,    Jeremiah   F.,  San   Francisco, 

Cal. 

1918  Sullivan,  Jerry  B.   (Des  Moinea,  Iowa), 

New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Sullivan,  John  A.,   Boston,  Mass. 

1918  Sullivan,  John  B.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

1916  Sullivan,  John  B.,  Jr.,  Boston.  Mass. 

1918  Sullivan,  John  F.,  Altoona,  Fa. 

1980  Sullivan,  John  F.,  Mandan,  N.  D. 

1918  Sullivan.  John  J..   Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1021  Sullivan,  John  J.,  Chicago,  111. 
1914  Sullivan,  John  J.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
1916  Sullivan,   John  J.,  Seattle,    Wash. 

1920  Sullivan.  John  L.,  Prescott,  Aria. 
1918  Sullivan,  John  P.,  New  Orleans,  La. 

1022  Sullivan,  Joseph  J.,  Chicago,  lU. 
1022  Sullivan,  Leo  S.,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 
1018  Sullivan,  Msrk  A.,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 
1021  Sullivan,  Matt.  L.  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
IflU  Sullivan,  Michael  L.,  Salem,  Mass. 

1922  Sullivan,  P.  a,  Tacoma,  Wash. 

1914  Sullivan,.  Patrick  fl.,  Manchester,  N.  B. 

1916  Sullivan,  Sam  K.,  Newkirk,  Okla. 

1914  Sullivan,  Thomas  A.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

1918  SoUlvan,  ThovoMB  B.,  Worcester,  Maas. 


1011  Sullivan,  William  B., 

1022  Sullivan,  Wm.  C,  Ghevy  Chase,  Md. 

1018  Sulloway,   Frank  J.,  Ooneord,   N.    H. 

1022  Sully,  Wilberforce,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1887  SuUbergtr,    Mayer,    PhiUdelphia,    Pa. 

1014  Sukberger,  Myron.   New  York,  N.   Y. 

1018  Suker,  William.  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1990  Summerfleld,  Lester  D.;  Beno,  Nevada. 

1014  Summerill,  Joseph  J..  Woodbmy,  N.  J. 

1081  Summerlin,  A.,  Winterhaven,  Fla. 

1018  Qimantn,    Augustus    N.,    Spri&gfldd, 

Ohio. 

1918  Snnmcra,  Lane,  Seattle,  Wash. 

1020  Summefi,  Merle  G.,  Boston,  Man. 

1021  Summera,  Thomas  J.,  Marietta,  Ohio. 
1916  SuBunera.  W.  D..  BarriaonviUe,  Mo. 

1022  Sunmer,  Malcolm,  New  Yvk,  N.  Y. 
1920  Sumpter,  Orlando  B.,  Bot  Springs,  Ark. 

1920  Sunderland.  Edson  R..  Ann  Arbor,  Mioh. 

1921  Surber,    Edward    Marshall,    Charleston, 

W.  Va. 

1913  Surr,  Boward,  San  Bernardino,  Cal. 

1907  Surratt.  WUliam  B.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1916  Susrosn,  Leo  B.,  San  Frandsoo,  CaL 

1021  Sutdiffe,  C.  E.,   Mcintosh.  &   D. 

1018  Sutherland,  Arthur  E..  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

1918  SutherUnd,   George  (Salt  Lake  City, 

Utah).    Washington.    D.    O. 

1011  Sutherland,  George  G.,  Janesvilla.  Wis. 

1020  Sutherland,  W.  A.,  Las  Cnioes.  N.  M. 

1020  Sutbon,  Walter  J.,  Jr.,  New  Orleans,  U. 
1014  Sutphin,   Dudley   V..   Cincinnati.   Ohio. 

1013  Sutro,  Oscar,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 
1004  Sutro,  Theodore,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1016  Sutton,  A.   G.,   Alva,  Okla. 

1022  Sutton,  Chaa.  Thomaa,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

1017  Sutton,  Isaac  a,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1010  Sutton,  John   B..  Tampa,  Fla. 

1912  Sutton,  Robert  Woods,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

1021  Sutton,  Simon  T.,  Chicago,  Bl. 

1017  Swackhamer,  Austin  B..  Woodbury.  N.  J. 

1021  Swaffleld,  Phil  M.,  Long  Beach.  Cbl. 

1021  Swaffleld,  Roland  C,  Long  Beach,  Cal. 

1006  Swaira,  Roger  Dyer,  Boston,  Mass. 

1016  Swain,  Clarence  Gordon,  Bristol.  N.  H. 
1021  Swain,  George  Warner,  Chicago,  UL 

1017  Swain,   Barold,   New  York,  N.    Y. 
1021  Swain,  J.  E.,  Ashevllle,  N.  C. 

1021  Swallow,  Boward  A.,  Danville,  IlL 

1022  Swan,  Charles  E.,  Spokane,  Wash. 

1014  Swan,  Edgar  M.,  Vancouver,  Waah. 
1016  Swan,  Frank  B.,  Providence,  R.  L 

1011  Swan,   George  B.,  Beavn*  Dam,   WiSb 
1916  Swan,  Thomas  W.,  New  Baven,  Conn. 
1807  Swaney,  W.  B.,  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 
1022  Swann,  Bany  B.,  Atlantic,  Iowa. 
lOU  Swansea,  Sam  T„  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
1982  Bwanson,  F.  O.,  Wichita  Falls,  Tex. 


862 


AMEBICAN  BAB  AB800IATIOK. 


CLBOTBD 

192U  Sward.  Praticis  L..  Detroit,  Mich. 

192t  SwRit,  FYanklln,  Redwood  Oity,  Oal. 

1910  Swartley.  Francii  K.,  PbiladelphU,   Pa. 
19M  8warta»  Solomon  L.,  St.   Louis,   Ho. 
191S  Swarts,    Arthur   L.,    Milton.    Pa. 

ion  SwartB,  Lester  B.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1907  Swasej,   John   P.,   Canton.    Maine. 

1897  Swajn,  Francis  J.,  Newark,  N.  J. 

ins  Swearincen,  J.  M.,  Pittsburirh,  Pa. 

1020  Swearingen,   Van  0.,  Jacksonville,   Fla. 

1019  Sweeney.  Earl  A.,  Providence.  R.  L 
1010  Sweeney,  John  J.,  Prescott,  Aria. 
lOlS  Sweeney.  John  W..  Providfoee,  R.   I. 
1010  Sweeney,  Joseph  O.,  Providence,  R.  L 
102S  Sweet,  A.  R.,  San  Diego.  CH. 

1021  Sweet,  Joe  O.,  San  Frandeco,  Oal. 
1018  Sweetland,  Monroe  M..  Ithaca,  N.  T. 

1010  Sweetland,  William  H..  Providence,  R.  L 

1011  Sweetser,  George  A.,  Boston.  Mast. 

1022  Sweeay,  Frank  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1018  Swett,  Prank  W..  Chicago.  111. 

1800  Swetting,   Ernest   V.,   .Algona,  Iowa. 

1921  Swietlik,  Francis  X.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
1805  Swift,    Charles    M.,    Ferrlsburg,    Vt. 
1010  Swift.  H.  H..  Columbus.  Oa. 

1911  Swift.  James  Marcus.  Boston,   Mass. 
lOlS  Swig.   Louis,  Taunton,   Mass. 

1010  Swiger,  Arlen  G.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

lOao  Bwiggart,  W.  H.,  Jr.,  Nashville.  Teon. 

1021  Swinford.  M.  C,  Cynthiana,  Ky. 

1021  Swing,  James  B.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1022  Swing,  Ralph  E.,  Ssn  Bernardino,  CaL 

1021  Swinland,    Ingman,    Lakota.    N.    D. 
1014  Swisher,  B.  P.,  Waterloo,  Iowa. 

1022  Swlsler,  Oharles  A.,  Sacramento,  Oal. 

1021  SwisBler,  WillUm  R.,  Chicago.  HI. 
1014  Swoope,    Roland    D.,    Curwensville,    Pa. 
1010  ^kes,    Archibald.   Baltimore.    Md. 
1018  Svkes,  Charles  Lee.   Ashevllle.  N.  C. 

1022  Qykes,  Robert  H.,  Durham,  N.  O. 
1018  Sykes,  William  8.,  Chester,  Pa. 

1010  Byrne,   Bernard  C,    Petersburg.   Ya. 
1014  Syme*  Conrad  H.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

1020  Syme,  Sydney  A.,  Mt.  Vernon,  N.  Y. 

1011  Symes,  J.   Foster.   Denver,  Colo. 

1021  Symes,  John  J.,  Ohicago,  111. 

Ifll  Siymmers.    James    Keith,    New    York, 
N.  Y. 

1022  Symmes.    William   B.,   Jr.,    New    York, 

N.  Y. 

1010  Symonds.  Stuart  O.,  Portland,  Me. 

1021  Symons.  William  L.,  Washington,  D.  0. 
1008  [^nne<ttvedt.    Paul.    Philadelphia,    Pa. 
1018  Synnott,  J.  H.,  Dallas,  Texas. 

1022  Ssold,  Robert,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1014  Tabb,  George  Cary,  Louisville.  Ky. 

1922  Taber,  B.  J.  L.,  Elko,  Nev. 
UU  Tabor,  Ira  R.,  Davenport,  lowi. 


■LBOTED 

1022  Tade,  Frank,  Sacramento,  Cal. 

1018  Taft.   Edgar  S.,   Gloucester.    Mass. 

1887  Taft,  Bliha  B.,  Burlington,  Vt. 

1022  T%ft,  Frank,  WUlits,  Oal. 

1011  Taft.  Henry  W.,  New  York,  N.   Y. 

1021  Taft.  Robert  A.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1921  Taft,  Walbridge  8..  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1896  Taft,  William  H..  Waahlngton,  D.  C. 
1018  Taggart,  E.  J.,  Wellington,  Bans. 
1000  Tsggart,  Ganaon,  Grand  Rapfdi,  Mich. 

1021  Taggart,   James  B.,   JelfeiWDvllle,   Ind. 
1014  Taggart,  Jay  P..  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
1890  Taggart,  W.  Rash.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1922  Tague,  Paul,  New  Lexington,  Ohio. 
1922  Tague,  Vincent,'New  Lexington,  Ohio. 
1011  Taintor,  Giles,  Boston,  Mass. 
1010  Tait,  Edgar  W.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
1018  Tait,  Edwin  E.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

1014  Talbtrd,   Thomas,    Beaufort.   8.   O. 

1022  Talbot,  Aubert  L.,  Napoleonsvllle,  La. 

1913  Talbot,  Edmund  H.,  Boston.  Maaa 

1015  Talbot,  George  F.,  Reno,  Nevada. 

1914  Talbot,  Harry  A.,  New  Yoit,  N.  Y. 

1917  Talbott,  E.  D.,  Elkins.  W.  Vs. 
1922  Talbott.  Edward  J.,  San  Francisco.  Oal. 
1920  Talbott,  James  H.,   Kshokm,  Mo. 

1920  Tslcott.  Thaddeus  M..  South  Bend.  Ind. 
1919  Taliaferro,  Sidney  F.,  Washington,  D.  C 
1912  Taliaferro,    Thos.    Seddon,    Jr..    Bock 

Springs.  Wyo. 

1618  Tall.  Webster  C,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1918  Talley,  Robert  H..  Richmond,  Va. 
1906  Tsllman.  Boyd  J.,  Seattle,  Wash. 
1910  Tallman,  Stanley  D.,  Janesrllle,  Wis. 

1921  TannentMum,    Samuel    W.,    New    York, 
N.   Y. 

1017  Tanner,  Frederic  C,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1010  Tanner,  Harold  B.,  Providence,  R.  I. 

1014  Tanner,   W.   V.,  Seattle,  Wash. 

1017  Tenser,  Laurence  Arnold,  Mount  Vernon. 

N.  Y. 

1022  Tappaan,  Clair  &,  Los  Angeles,  Oal. 

1007  Tappan,  J.  B.  Coles,  New  York,   N.  Y. 

1918  Tapscott.  James  R.,  Yreka,  CaL 

1921  Tarbell,  George  S.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

1922  Tasheira,  A.  G.,  Oakland,  OaL 
1910  Tate.   Hugh   M.,    Knozvllle.   Tena^ 
1910  Tatlow,  William  D.,  SpringfleTd.  Mo. 

1910  Tatman,  Charles  T.,  Worcester.  Unsa. 
1921  Tstum,  Frank  M.,  Dalhart,  Texas. 
1921  Tatum,   Reese,  Dalhart,  Texas. 
1912  Tsub,  Otto,  Houston,  Tfexsa. 
1908  Taulane,  Joseph  H.,  Philadelphia,  1*a. 

1921  Tausch,  J.  Franklin,  New  York,   K.  Y. 

1922  Tausky,  Alexander  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1915  Taylor,  Amos  Lesvitt,  Boaton,  llMa. 

1911  Tsylor,  Archibald  R.,  Baltimor*,  Hi. 
1914  Taylor,  B  B,  Baton  Boqge,  Lft. 


ALPHABBTICAL  LIST  07  MBMBSB8. 


863 


BcnJainiB,  Port  Ghctter,  N.  T. 

Charles  E.,  Seattle,  Waah. 

Caiarica  L,  New  York,  N.  T. 

Ctolenun,  RuaaeUville,  Ky. 

Daniel  G.,  St  Looia,  Mo. 

Daniel,  ChicagOp  IlL 

Dudley,  Ohicago,  IlL 

E.  A.,  QreenTille.  Kj. 

E.  H.,  Morriatown,  Tenn. 

Edward  Everett,  Paaadena,  Oal. 

Edward  H.,  Chieaffo,  IlL 

Edward  L,  Boaton,  Maaa. 

Frank  Oarroll,  New  York,  N.  T. 

Frederick  C,  Stamford,  Conn. 

Georire  H.-,  Chicago,  IlL 

George  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

H.  B.,  Key  Wett,  Fla. 

H.    L.,   Charlotte,    N.    C. 

Hannia,  Waihington,  D.  C. 

Harold,   Indlanapolia,  Ind. 

Harold  J..   Boston,   Maaa. 
,*Hil]ainan,  Trenton,  Tenn. 

J.  G.,  Pine  Bluff,  Ark. 

John  C.  R.;  Middletown,  N.  Y. 

John  Robert,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Jonathan,  Akron,  Ohio. 

Joaeph  D.,  Boston,  llaaa. 

Joseph  T.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

LeaUe  J.,  Tayloarille,  ni. 

Myron  C,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Myron  D.,  St  Paul,  Minn. 

Orla  B.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

Onrille  J.,  Jr..  Chicago,  DL 

Paul  a,  Miami,  Fla. 

Perry  Post,  St   Louis,   Ma 

R.  E.,  Fort  Worth,  Texaa. 

R.  P.,  Paragould,  Ark. 

Tazewell,  Norfolk,  Va. 

Thomas,  Jr.,  Chicago,  UL 

W.  F.,  Goidaboro,  N.  C. 

Walter  C,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Walter  F.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

Warner  V.,  Boston,  Maaa. 

Whitman,  Chicago,  111. 

William  Annan,  Chicago,  QL 

Wm.  H.,  Hardwick,  Vt 

Winthrop,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Zachaiy  P.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 
1914   Teagarden,    Bruce    W.,    San    Antonio^ 

Texaa. 
190B   Teal,  Joseph  N.,  Portland,  Oregon. 
lOa    TealL  Maynard  C,  Pittsburgh,  Penn. 
1901    Tears,   Daniel  W.,  Denver,  Colo. 
1918    Tecklenburg,  F.  J.,  Belleville,  HI. 

1951  Teed,  Frank  B.,  Chicago,  IlL 
1913    Teegardcn,  John  0.,  Toledo,  Ohio. 
1910    Teeling,    Richard   8.,   Boston,   Maaai 

1952  Teeta.  Herbert  M..  New  York,  N.  Y. 

28 


1911  Taylor, 

19n  Taylor, 

1914  Taylor, 

1921  Taylor, 

1917  Taylor, 

1920  Taylor, 

1921  Taylor, 

1916  Taylor, 

1921  Taylor, 

1922  Taylor, 
1919  Taylor, 

1918  Taylor, 
1921  Taylor, 

1909  Taylor, 
1921  Taylor, 

1918  Taylor, 

1911  Taylor, 

1917  Taylor 
1906  Taylor, 
lfl4  Taylor, 

1919  Taylor, 
1960  Taylor, 
1960  Taylor, 
1914  Taylor, 
1906  Taylor^ 

1910  Taylor, 
1921  Taylor, 
1894  Taylor, 

1912  Taylor, 
1914  Taylor, 

1918  T^lor 

1917  Taylor, 
1916  T^lor 
1921  Taylor, 

1911  Taylor, 

1921  Taylor, 
1916  Taylor, 

1918  Taylor, 
1906  Taylor, 

1922  Taylor 
1981  Taylor, 
1906  Taylor, 

1921  Taylor 

1922  n^ylor, 
19S1  Taylor, 

1919  Taylor 
1921  Taylor 
1921  Taylor, 


KLBCTin 

1918  Tdian,  George  W.,  Springfield,  Ohio. 

1910  Teigen,  Tore,  Sioux  Falla,  8.  D. 

1918  Teiaen,   Axel,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1921  Teiser,  Sidney,  Portland,  Ore^. 
1912  TteUer,  Carroll  A.,  Chicago,   UL 

1919  Teller,  James  H.,   Denver,  Oolo. 

1920  Tellner,  Louis'  ti.,  Jamestown,  N.  D. 

1922  Temple,  Frank  L,  Fargo,  N.   D. 

1911  Templeton,  Richard  H.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

1915  Ten  Broek,  G.  H.,  St  Louia,  Mo. 

1921  Tener,  Alexander  C,  Pittaburgh,  Peon. 
1914  Tennant,  George  G.,  Jeraey  City,  N.  J. 
1902  Tennant,  W.  Bxydon,  Richmond,  Va. 
1921  Tenney,  Charles  E.,  Manila.  P.  I. 
1914  Tenn^,  Charles  Homer,  Madison,  Wis. 
1921  Tenney,  Henry  F.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1886  Tenney,  Horace  Kent,  Chicago,  HI. 

1921  Tenny,  Jacob  Legion,  Chicago,  111. 

1922  Terrell,  Dick  0.,  San  Antonio,  Texas. 
1921  Terrell,  J.  R.,  Columbus,  Ga. 
1914  Terrell,  Robert  M.,  Pocstello,  Idaho. 
1921  Terrell,  William  Ervin,  Waco,  Texas. 

1908  Ttorriberry.  George  H.,  New  Orleans,  La. 

1916  Teny,  C.  W.,  Edwardsville,  HL 

1921  Teny,  Charles  B.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1906  Tttry,   Charles  Tbaddeus,   New  York, 
N.  Y. 

1920  Teny,  Henry  T.,   New  York,  N.  Y. 
1900  Teny,  J.  W.,  Galveston,  Tfexaa. 
1011  Teny,  Walter  J.,  Uttle  Bock,  Ark. 

1922  Tesch,  Frank  S.,   Denver,   Oolo. 
IKI  Teaterman,  Ben  H.,  KnoxviUe,  Tens. 

1912  Texidor,  Jacinto,  San  Juan,  Porto  Rleo. 
1922  Thadi,  Robert  Gordon,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1907  Tbacher,  Archibald  G.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1912  Thacher,  John  H.,  Kansas  dty.  Mo. 
1922  Tbacher,  Thomaa  A.,  San  Frandaco,  Oal. 
1919  Tharp,  E.  H.,  Walnut  Ridge,  Ark. 
1922  Tharp,  Lawrence  H.,  San  Frandseo,  Ckl. 
1918  Thatcher,  Oeonge  B.,  Reno,  Nev. 
1914  ThaxUr,  Sidney  St  F.,  Portland,  Maine. 
1916  Thayer,  Charlea  M.,  Worcester,  Maa&. 
1922  niayer,  Ira  W.,  Berlin,  N.  H. 

1911  Thayer,  Wade  Warren,  Honolulu,  Hawaii. 

1909  llieard,  Charles  J.,  New  Orleans,  La. 
1916  Theard,  DelvalUe  H..  New  Orleans.  Ls. 
1922  Tbeisen,  S.  Joseph,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 
1918  Thelen,  Max,  San  Francisco,  GaL 

1912  ITieobald,  Thomaa  Dudley,  Grayson,  Ky. 
1922  Theodore,  Millard  E.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
19Z1  TherUult  William   N.,   MontpeUer,  Vt 
1914  Theua,  John  C,  Monroe,  La. 
1909  Thilborger,  Edward  J.,  New  Orlcana,  La. 

1921  Thobaben,  E.  J.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1887  Tbom,  Alfred  P.,  Waahinrton,  D.  a 
1906  Thorn,  Corcoran,  Waahin^ton,  D.  0. 
1912  Thom,  J.  Pembroke,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1922  Thomas,  Albert  E.,  Fort  Wayne,  Ind. 


864 


AHSBICAN  BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


KLBOTBD 

1910  Tbomaa,  Amoi,  Omthft,  Nebr. 

1V17  Tfaofiifts,  Charlefl  R.,  New  Bern,  N.  0. 
1806 '  TliomM,  Charles  S.,  Denver,  Colo. 

1900  Thomai,  Edwin  8.,  New  Haven.  Conn. 

1022  Thomai^  F.  F.»  Jr.,  San  Frandaeo,  Oal. 

1918  Thoroaa,  F.  W.,  Aabevllle,  N.  C. 

1921'  Thomaa,      Frederick'     L.,      Obarleaton, 
W.  Va. 

1918  Tliomaa,  Howard  B.,  Brlelle,  N.  J. 
1914  Thomaa.  J.  J.,  Seward,  Nebr. 
1922  Tlioniaa,  J.  R.,  Ukiah.  Oal. 

1919  Thomas.  J.  Waties,  Columbia.  8.  G. 
1922  Thomaa,  Jamct  If.,  San  Francfaco.  Oal. 

1921  Thomas,  James  8.,  Portsmouth,  Ohio. 

1907  lliomas,  John  P.,  Jr.,  Columbia.  8.  C. 
1914  Thomas,  Joseph  L.,  Camden,  N.  J. 
1906  Thomaa.  Morris  St.  Palais.  Chicago,  lU. 

1920  Thomas,  N.  If.,  Oklahoms  City,  Okla. 

1922  Thomaa,  Otho  8.,  Rock  Rapids,  Iowa. 
1912  Thomas,  R.  C.  P..  Bowling  Qreen,  Kj. 

1921  Thomas,  Roy  K.,  Ohica^o.  111. 

1908  Thomas,  Samuel  H..  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
19tl  Thomai^  Seth,  Fort  Dodge,  Iowa. 

1917  Thomas.  Spencer  M..  St  Louis.  Ifo. 
1920  Thomas.  Theodore  If.,  Ladysmith,  Wia. 

1912  Thomas,  Thomaa  W.,  Bowling  Green.  Ky. 

1920  Thomas,  W.  G.  M.,  Chattanooga.  Tenn. 

1921  Thomaa,  Warren  B..  Portland,  Oreg. 

1921  Thomas,    William,    San    Francisco,    Oal. 
1902  lliomas,  William  R..  SanU  Ana,  Cal. 

1918  Thomas,  William  H..  Westminster,   Ifd. 

1911  Thomaa,  William  O.,  Kanaas  City,  Mo. 

1920  Thomas,  William  8.,  Plymouth,  Mich. 

1911  Thomp«>n,  A.  C.  N.,  Middletown,  N.  T. 
1906  Tliompson,   A.  M.,   Pittsburgh.  Pa. 

1919  Thompson,  A.  Scott.  Miami.  Okla. 

1922  Thompson,  Adam,  San  Diego,  Oal. 
1918  Thompson,  Amos  Burt,  Clevelsnd,  Ohio. 
19S1  Thompson,  Arthur  Hsyes,  LsGrange,  Qa. 
1910  Thompson,  Arthur  R.,  Titusville,  Pa. 
1916  Thompson.  Carl  N..  Roundup.  Mont. 
1922  "niompson,  Charles  A.,  Santa  Clara,  Cal. 

1918  Thompson,  Dell  H.,  Bay  City,  Mich. 

1921  Thompson,  E.  F.,  Sesttle,  Wash. 

1919  Thompson,  Floyd  E.,  Rock  Island,  III. 

1921  Thompson,   Francis  M.,  Versailles.   Ind. 

1916  Thompson.  Frank,  Jacksonyille.  N.  O. 

1920  llMmpson,  Frank  A.,  St  Louis,  Mo. 

1913  lliompson,  Frank  D..  Barton.  Vt 

1918  Thompson,  Frank  E.,  Honolulu.  Hawaii. 

1922  Thompson,  Fulton,  Racine,  Wis. 

1920  Thompson,  G.   D.,  Webster  City,  Iowa. 

1917  Thompson,  George,  Hudson,  Wis. 

1912  Thompson,  George  E.,  Bangor,  Maine. 

1921  Thompson,  George  M.,  Bement,  HI. 
1921  Thompson,  Orover  O.,  Lexington,  Ej. 

1913  Thompson,  Guy  A.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1017  Thompson,  H.  L.,  Riverside,  CaL 


■LBCTXD 

1918  Thompson,  Henry  C,  Jr.,  Philadelphia, 

Pa. 

1921  Thompson,  Hope,  Ohicaffo,  HL 

1913  Thompson,  Horace  B.,  Pocatello,  Idaho. 
1918  Thompson,  Huston,   Wsshington,   D.    C 

1914  lliompson,  J.  A.,  Rogersville,  Tenn. 
1918  Thompson,  J.  Paul.  Cleveland.  Ohio. 
1918  Thompson,  J.  Whitaker,  Philadelphia. 

Pa. 
1921    Thompaon,  John  0.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1912    Thompson,  John  C,  Oshkosh,  Wis. 
1912    Thompson,  John  Walcott,  Salt  Laks 

City,  Utah. 

1921  Thompaon,  Joseph  J.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1922  Thompson,  L.  L..  Olympia,  Waah. 
1019    Thompson,  Lavem  W.,  Chicago,  lU. 
1921    Thompson,  lAnxj  O.,  Lexington,  Ky. 
1918    Thompson,  Marshall  Putnam.  Boston, 


1922  Thompson,  Nathan  Webb.  Portland,  Me. 

1922  Thompson,  Ola  D.,  Van  Buren,  Ark. 

1921  Thompson,  Paul  J.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
1919  llMmpson,    R.    Dupont,    Birminfflianm 

Ala. 

1922  lliompson,  B.  L.,  Santa  Rosa,  OaL 
1913  Thompson,   Robert  F.,  Cknandaigon, 

N.  Y. 

1802  Thompaon,  Robert  H.,  Jackson,  MIh. 

1021  Thompson,     Robert     W.,     Hackensnck, 

N.  J. 

1021  Thompson,  Uly  C,  Miami,  Fla. 

1013  Thompson,  W.  Lair,  Portland,  Ore. 
1806  Thompson,  Willlsm  B.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1016  Thompson,  William  D.,  Racine,  Wia. 
1911  Thompson,  William  G.,  Boston.  Mean. 
1006  Thompson,  William  H.,   Paaadena,  Oal. 

1021  Thompson,    William    H.,    Indianapolis, 

Ind. 

1014  Thompson,  William  Hall,  Greeley.  C61«. 

1022  Thorns,  Clifford  L.,  Los  Angeles,  OaL 

1018  Thoms,  William  E..  WaterbuTy,  Conn. 

1019  Thomson,  Charles  M.,  Chicago,  HI. 
1016  Thomson,  George  J.,  New  York.  N.  T. 
1014  Thomson,  W.  D.,  Atlanta.  Ga. 

1921  Thomson,  W.  H.  8.,  Pittsburg.  Penn. 

1016  Thomson.  William.  Kansas  City.  Mo. 
1022  Thonsnder,  Oscar,  Chicago,  111. 

1922  Thorgrimson,  O.  B,  Seattle,  Waah. 
1918  Thorington,  J.  W.,  Montgomery,   Ala. 
1014  Thorn,  Charles  E.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1018  Thomburg,  George,  St  Clairsville.  Ohio. 

1017  Thomdyke,  William.  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 
1000  Thome,  Clifford,  Washington,  lowm. 
1014  Thome,  Paul  C,  San  Francisco,  CnL 
1907  Thome,  Samuel,  Jr.,  New  York,  K.  T. 
1022  Thomhill,  J.  B.,  Columbia,  Ui. 

1011  Thoraley,  William  H.,  Providence,  B.  L 

1806  Thomton,  Charles  8.,  Chicago,  IlL 


AlPSABSrlOAL  UST  <>t  lIXlCfiEfid. 


665 


CLSCm 

1919  Thornton,  Ralph  &•  Alexandris*  La. 

1921  Thornton,   Randolph,  Chicago,  IIL 

1921  Thornton,  8.  O.,  Alexandria,  La. 

1919  Thornton,  W.  W.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
1914  Thorp,  Charles  M.,  Pittaburgh,  Pa. 
1980  Thorp,  George  W.,  Fargo.  N.  D. 

1920  Thorp,  L.  Ashton,  Ifsnchester,  N.   EL 

1921  Thorpe,     Francis     Newton,     Pittshurgh, 

Penn. 

1921  Thorpe,  0.  P.,  Wilmington,  Ohio. 

1921  Thorpe,  Spencer,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
19S0  nirelkeld,  L  N..  Elvlne,  Mo. 

1919  Thrift,  James  Early,  Sapulpa,  OkU. 

1007  Throckmorton,  A.   H.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1806  Thnm,  Willlsm  Warwick,  Louisville,  Ky. 

1922  Thunen,  Frank,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
191ft  Thurman,  Samuel  R.,  Salt  Lake  City, 

Utah. 

1914  Thurston,  Charles  S.,  Saranac  Lake«  * 
N.  Y. 

1919  Thurston,  Edward  A.,  Fell  River,  Msasi 
1912  Thurston,  Edward  8.,  N.ew  Haven,  Conn. 
1018  Thurtell,  Henry,  Washington,  D.  G. 
1918  Thweatt.  Charles  B.,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 
1911  TIbbs,  William  L.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

1907  Tice.  Dsvid,  Lockport,  N.  T. 
1921  Tidwell,  Tennis,  Albany,  Ala. 

1921  Tiemey,  Patrick  J..   Plsttsburg,  N.   T. 

1922  TilTany,  Ezra,  Hoosick  Falls,  N.  T. 
1900  Tiffany,  Francis  B.,  SL  Paul,  Minn. 
1016  Tiffany,  Herbert  T..  Baltimore.  Md. 
1922  Tiffany,  J.  Raymond,  Hoboken,  N.  J. 
1921  Tiffany,  Reuben  R.,  Freeport,  111. 
1899  Tighe,  Ambrose,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

1906  Tillinghast,  Frsnk  W.,  Providence,  R.  I. 

1906  TUlinghast,  WiUlam  R.,  Providence, 

R.  L 

1802  Tillman,  A.  M.,  Nashville.  Tenn. 

1908  Tillman,  John  P.,  Birmingham,  Ala. 
1822  TSllotson,  Lb  N.,  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa. 
1918  Tilson,  John  Q.,  New  Hsven,  Coon. 

1921  TUt.  Edgar  M..  Pateraon.  N.  J. 
1918  Tilton,  Frank  P.,  Laconia.  N.  R. 
1914  Timberlake,  W.  O.,  Jackson.  Tenn. 

1916  Timberman,    William    Swasey.    Keokuk, 

Iowa. 

1917  Timlin.  William  H.,  Mflwaukee,  Wis. 
1916  Timroonds,  H.   W.,  Lamar.   Mo. 
mo  Tinkham,  C.  Bonar,  Hammond,  Ind. 

1920  Tinkham,  Matthew  H.,  Detroit.  Mich. 
1914  Tinley,  Bmmet.  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa. 

1922  Tinning,  W.  S.,  Mtrtinex,  Cal. 

1907  Tlppett.  Richard  B..  Baltimore,  Md. 

1921  Tischbein,  A.  L.,  ancinnati,  Ohia 
1911  Tisdale,  Archibald  R.,  Boston.  Msss. 
1990  TIsinger,  B.  L.,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 
1P21  Tison,  Alexander,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1017  Tiaon,  &  8.,  BennettsvUle,  &  O. 


■LBOTSD 

1811  Titche,  Bernard,  New  Orleans,  La. 

1922  Titlow,  A.  R.,  Tacoma,  Wash. 

1910  Titsworth,  Frederick  S..   New  York, 
N.  Y. 

1921  Titsworth,  John  A.,  Ruahville,  Ind. 

1917  Titus,  A.  J.,  Cherokee,  Okla. 
1800  Titus,  Frank,  Kansas  Ctty.  Mo. 

1922  Titus,  Horton  L.,  San  Diego,  OaL 
1922  Titus,  Louis,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 

1921  Titus- Werner,      M.      SUnleyetU,      New 

York,  N.  Y. 

1912  Tivnen.  Bryan  H.,  Mattoon,  111. 
1914  Tobias,  Julius  D..  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Tbbin,  Charles  J.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
1921  Tohin,  Harold  E.,   Chicago,   IIL 

1909  Tobin,  John  F.,  New  Orleans,  La. 

1920  Tobriner,  Leon,  Washington,  D.  0. 

1921  Todd,  Albert  C,  Lsurens,  S.  C. 

1921  Todd,  Ambrose  0.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Todd.  Clarence  E.,  San  Francisco,  Gal. 
1906  Todd,  Elmer  E.,  Seattle,  Waab. 

1914  Tbdd,  G.  Carroll.  Washington,  D.  O. 
1921  Todd,  George  E.,  Bridgewater,  S.  D. 

1913  Todd,  Hiram  C.  Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y. 
1919  Todd,  Hiram  E.,  Peoria.  lU. 

1910  Todd,  James.  Chicago,  lU. 

ion  Todd,  Joe  William,  Hammond,  Ind. 

1918  Todd,  John  King,  Shelbyvi'le,  Ky. 
1887  Todd,  M.  Hampton,  PhiladelpbU.  Pa. 
1912  Todd,  Oliver  J.,  Beaumont,  Texaa. 
1921  Toland,  Thomas  0.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

1919  Tolbert,    Raymond   Augustin,   Oklahoms 

aty,  Okla. 

1921  Toler,  J.  Albert,  Mullens,  W.  Vt. 

1922  Toll,  Henry  Wolcott,  Denver.  Colo. 
1921  Tolliver.  A.  N.,  LouisvUle,  HI. 
1908  Tolrosn,  Edgar  B.,  Chicago.  HI. 

1911  Tolman,  Warren  W.,  Olympia,  Wash. 

1915  Tomlinaon,  Roy  E.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Tompkins,  Chsrles  H.,  Presoott,  Ark. 

1914  Tompkins.  F.  Q.,  Columbia.  S.  O. 
1921  Tompkina,  George  H.,  Chicago,  111. 
1014  Tompkins,  Leslie  J.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1914  Tompkins,  Millsrd  F.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1918  Tompkins,  Walter  K.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Tompkins,   Wm.  D.,  Hillsville,  Va. 

1911  Tompkins,  William  V.,  Prescott.  Ark. 

1921  Toner,  T.   A.,  Grand  Forks,  N.   D. 

1922  Tbner,  Wilber  A.,  Walla  Walla,  Wash. 

1921  Tooke,  Charles  W.,  Washington,  D.  0. 
1914  Toole,  John  Conway,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1912  Toolen,  Clarence  A.,  Chicago,  111. 

1920  Toombs,  Fred  S.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 
1904  Toomer,  W.  M.,  Jaekaonville,  Fla. 

1922  Toomey,     Edmond    Galbraith»     Helena, 

Mont 

1921  Tooae.  Walter  L.,  McMinnville,  Oreg.  - 
1914  Topliff,  Samoel,  Chicago,  lU. 


^66 


AMERICAir  BAB  ASSOOIATtON. 


BLS 

1919  Torbet,  Lewis  K.,  Clhia«o,  IlL 

192S  Torchiana,  H.  A.  Van  O.,  San  Francisco, 
Oal. 

1911  Toro.  Emilio  del,  San  Juan,  P.  R. 
1916  Toro,  F.  Manuel.  Ponce,  Porto  Rico. 
1922  Torrance.  E.  Swift,  San  Die^o,  Oal. 
1922  Torregano,  Ernest  J.,  San  Fianciaoo,  Cal. 
1922  Torres,  Luis  Llwens,  San  Juan,  P.  R. 
1918  Toney,  James  H.,  Scranton,  Pa. 

1912  Torrison,  Oscar  If.,  Evanston,  111. 
1918  Tossell,  William  J.,  Norwalk,  Ohio. 
19tl  Touchton,     William    J.,     Winterharen, 

Fla. 

1921  Tourje,  Ebon  Carl,  Chicago,  111. 

1916  Tower,  Edwin  B.  H..  Jr.,  Milwaukee, 

Wis. 

1897  Towle,  Henry  8.,  Chicago,  111. 

1916  Towle,  William  W..  Boston,  Mass. 
1918  Towles,  Therrett,  Wallace,  Idaho. 
19SI  Towne,  Paul  R.,   New  York,  N.  T. 
1921  Towne,   Perpy   E.,    San   Francisco,   Cal. 
1914  Towner,    R.    M.,    (Washington,    D.    C.) 

Coming,  Iowa. 

1918  Towner,  Rutherford  H.,  New  York.  N.  T. 

1914  Townes,  E.  E.,  Houston,  Texas. 

1921  Townes,  Heniy  K.,  Greenville,  S.  C. 
1909  Townes,  John  C,  Austin,  Texas. 

1917  Townes,  John  C,  Jr.,  Houston,  Texas. 
19Q1  Townes,  William  A.,  Wilmington.  N.  C 

1916  Townsend,  Charles  E.,  San  Francisco, 

Cal. 

1922  Townsend.  Dallas  S.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1920  Townsend,  Fred  Blair,  Phoenix.   Arix. 
1914  Townsend,  Gerard  B.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1918  Tbwnsend,  Harold  G.,  Chicago,  111. 
1918  Townsend,  Henry  C,  New  York,  N.   Y. 

1917  Townsend,  Howsrd,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1914  Townsend.  Joseph  B..  Jr.,  Philadelphia. 

Pa. 

1921  Townsend,  Myron  T.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1917  Townsend,  N.  A.,  Dunn,  N.  C. 

1914  Townsend,   Sylyester   D..   Jr.,   Wilming- 
ton, Del. 

1914  Townsend,  T.  C,  Charleston,  W.  Vs. 

1914  Townsend.  W.  H..  Columbia,  S.  C. 

1921  Townsend,    Wallace.    Little   Rock,    Ark. 

1921  Townsend,  William  H.,  Lexington,  Ky. 

1909  Townshend,  Henry  H.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

1918  Trabert.  Charles  L.,  Berkeley,  Cal. 
1912  Trabue,  Charles  C,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
1881  Trabue,  Edmund  F.,  Louisville,  By. 
1911  Tracey,  James  F.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
1921  Traoy,  John  O.,  Hudson,  N.  Y. 
1918  Tracy,  John  E.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Trainor,  Charles  J.,  Chicago,  III. 
1921  Trainor,  James  Jerome,  Chicago,  HI. 
1918  Thunmsll,  a  M.,  Washington,  D.  C. 


1921  Tramutolo,    dwuncey,    San    Francisoo, 
Cal. 

918  Trapnell,  Benjamin,  New  York,  N.  T. 
921  Trapp,  Harold  P.,  Lincoln,  HI. 

920  Trapp,  M.  E.,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 

916  Travleso,  Martin,  San  Juan,  Porto  Rioo. 

920  Travis,  De  Hull  N.,  Flint,  Mich. 

916  Travis,  Philip  H.,  Grand  Rapids,   Mieb. 

911  Travis,  S.  E..  Hattiesburg,  Miss. 

919  Trawick,  J.  I.,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

921  Traxler,  Dean  Lake,  Chicago,  HI. 
918  Traynor,  Fred.  J..  Devils  Lake,  N.  D. 

921  Treacy,  Philip  H.,  Chicago,  IlL 

922  Treadwell,  Alliens  Wetmore,  Ban  Diego, 
Osl. 

921  Treadwell,    Edward   F.,   San   Fysodsoo, 

Cal. 

91^  Treadwell,  Eugene,  New  Yorit,  N.  Y. 

91S  «Treadwell,  Stephen  C,  Oklahoma  City. 

Okla. 

921  Treat,  Archibald  J.,  San  Frandsoo,  Cal. 

922  Treat,  Fk^  A.,  Monterey,  Cal. 

906  Trefethen.   D.  B..  Seattle,  Wash. 

922  Tremont,  Edwin  J.,  San  Francisoo,  OU. 

914  Trenchard,  Thomas  W.,  Trenton,  N.  J. 

914  Trent,   Edmund  K.,   Pittsburgh,  Fa. 

915  Trevor,  Walter  M.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
921  Trewin,  H.  R..  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa. 

921  Trewin.  James  H.,  Cedar  Rapids,  lowm. 

921  Trexler,  Fraiyk  M.,  Allentown.  Penn. 

918  Tribit,  Charles  H.,  Jr.,  Los  Angeles,  QaL 

894  Trickett.  WiUiam,  Carlisle,  Pa. 

907  Trieber,  Jacob.   Little   Rock,   Ark. 

921  Trimble,  Cairo  A.,  Princeton,  IH 

916  Trimble,  Francis  H.,  Kansas  City.  Mo. 
910  Trimble,  James  M.,  Chattanooga,  Tcbsl 

916  Trimble,  Samuel  D..  Pueblo,  Colo. 

917  Trimble,  Thomas  C,  Jr.,  Lonoke,  Ark. 

922  Trinkle,  E.  Lee,  Richmond,  Va. 

914  Trippe,  James  McC.,   Baltimore.    Md. 

899  Trippet,  Oscar  A.,  Los  Angeles,  OsL 

912  Triska,  Joseph  F.,  Chicago,  III. 

921  Trobaugh,  Frank  B.,  West  Frankfort,  m. 

917  Trost,  Hugo  J.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
907  Trott,  Joseph  M.,  Bath,  Maine. 
909  Troup,  Charles,  Danville,  111. 
921  Troup,  Loviek  P.,  Decatur,  Ala. 

920  Troutman,  James  A.,  Topeka,  Kans. 
920  Trowbridge,  Delger,  San  Frsncisco,  GU. 

920  Troy,  Alexander,  Montgomery,  Ala. 

921  Troy,  P.  M.,  Olympia,  Wash. 
914  Trude,  Daniel  P.,  Chicago.  HI. 
916  Trude,  Samuel  H.,  Chicago,  Ul. 

918  Truesdell,  John  F.,  Denver,  ColO). 
912  Trumbull,  Donald  8.,  Chicago,  01. 
921  Trumbull,    Thomu    F.,    Port 

Wash. 

1921  Trygstad,   O.   O.,  Btookii«i,   &   D. 


ALPHABETICAL  LIST  OF   MEMBSB8. 


867 


1900  TiTon,  Charles  J.,  MiiuieapoUi*  lOiin. 

1922  Tucker,  George  W.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1809  Tucker,    Henry  St.    George,   LeKiagton, 

Ve. 

1922  Tucker,  J  Z.,  San  Diego,  Oal. 

1917  Tucker,  J.   Randolph,  Richmond,   Va. 

1918  Tucker,  John  T.,  Baltimore,  Md. 
1920  Tucker,  Milton  H.,  St.  Louia,  Ho. 
1916  Tucker,  Robert,  Portland,  Ore. 

1920  Tucker,  William  F.,  Tulaa,  Okla. 
1906  Tucker,  WUmon,  Seattle,  Wash. 
1922  Tuckerman,  EUot,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1919  Tuller,  Walter  K..  Loa  Angdea,  CaL 
1916  TttUer,  WUlia  Norman.  Beaton,  Mam. 

1921  Tbllia,  Hugh,  Vidalia,  La. 

19U  TuUia,  R.  L.,  Baton  Rouge,  La. 

1980  Tully,  Jamea  E.,  Kenoiha,  Wis. 

1914  Tully,  William  J.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1921  Tumulty,  Joieph  P.,  Waihington,  D.  O. 

1922  Tunney,  Joaepb  J.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
1911  TunsUll,   Robert  B..   Norfolk,   Va. 
1922  Tupper,  W.  C,  Fremio,  ObI. 

1920  Turck,  Charlea  J.,  Naahvllle,  Tenn. 

1921  Turley,  Jay,  Waahington,  D.  O, 
1914  Tumbull,  N.,  Lawrenceville,  Va. 
1918  Tumbull,  N.  S.,  Jr.,  Victoria,  Va. 

1918  Turner,  Aloneo  G.,  Tarapa,  Fla. 

1919  Turner,   Arthur  L.,  Wilkea-Barre,   Pa. 
1921  Turner,  Charles  D.,  Dallaa,  Texas. 

1921  Turner,  E.  O.,  Pangaainan,  P.  L 
1918  Turner,  Earl  R.,  Dayton,  Ohio. 
1916  Turner,  Edward  C,  Oblumbua,  Ohio. 

1922  Turner,  Frank  O.,  Jersey  Oity,  N.  J. 
1904  Turner,    George,    Spokane,    Waah. 

1906  Turner,    Harry   R.,    Pocatello,    Idaho. 
1918  Turner,  J.  H.,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 

1920  Turner,  Jamea,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1921  Turner,  Jerome  E.,  Muskegon,  Mich. 

1922  Turner,  Joseph  M.,  Aabury  Park,  N.  J. 
1922  Turner,   Richard  A.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
1916  Turner,   RoUIn  A,  Greenaburg,  Ind. 
1918  Turner,  Samuel  Epes,  St  Paul,  Minn. 
1897  Turner,  Smith  D..  Parkersburg,  W.  Vs. 

1916  Turner,   Thomaa  C,   Colorado  Springs, 

Colo. 

1917  Turner,  W.  D.,  Statesville,  N.  C. 
1914  Turner,  W.    R.,  Washington,  D.   CL 

1921  Turner,  Willard  J.,  Muskegon,  Mich. 

1917  Turner,  Willism  B.,  Columbia,  Tenn. 

1918  Turner,  William  D.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1907  Turner,  William  Jay,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
1910  Tumey,  John  E.,  NashTille,  Tenn. 
1916  Tumey,  John  R.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1914  Tum^,  W.  W.,  El  Paso,  Texaa. 

1918  Turpin,  Rees,  Kanaaa  City,  Mo. 

19197  Turrell,  Edgar  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Turrentine,  L.  N.,  Esoondido,  Osl. 
1914  Tuska,  Benjamin,  New  York.  N.  Y. 


1915  Tutberly,  IHlUam,  UurT,  Del. 
1922  Tuthhill,  John  8.,  Waterloo,  Iowa. 

1906  Tuthill,  Harry  B.,  Michigan  City,  Ind. 
1912  Tuttle,  Arthur  J.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
1921  Tuttle,  Burton  B.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1918  Tuttie.  Charlea  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1916  Tuttle,  Grove  J.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 
1022  Tuttle,  Hiram  D.,  San  Jose,  Oal. 
1002  Tuttle,  J.  Bimey,  New  Haven,  Conn. 
1916  Tuttle,    James    Patterson,    Manchester, 

N.  U.  * 

1914  Tuttle,  Samuel  J.,  Lincoln,  Nsbr. 

1921  Tweed,  Harriaon,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1907  Twitcfaell.  La  Fayette,  Denver,  Colo. 
1921  Twitty,  Frank  Elmore,  Brunswick,  Ga. 
1900  Twombly,  George  a.  Fort  Morgan, 

Cola 

1921  Twomey,  D.  Ryan,  Chicago,  HI. 

1921  Twyeffort,  FVank  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
19S2  Twyman,  Lewis,  Miami,  Fla. 

1908  T^e,  John  L.,  AtlanU,  Ga. 

1821  lyier,  Albert  W..  Olympia,  Wssh. 

1916  Tyler,  C.  H.,  Long  Beach,  Oal. 

1894  Tyler,  Chsrles  H.,  Boston.  Mass. 

1911  Tyler,  Frederick  S.,  Wsshington,  D.  C. 

1922  Tyler,  Harriet  P.,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 
1922  Tyler,  John  F.,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 

1911  Tyler,  Marion  L.,  Boston,  lisss. 
1918  Trier,   BoUin  U.,  Tylerville,   Conn. 
1922  lyier,  Rnssel  P.,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 
1918  Tyler,  S.  Heth,   Norfolk,  Vs. 

1921  Tyler,  Wilfred  M.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1910  Tyne,  Thomaa  J.,  Nashville,  Tenn. 

1922  lynea,  Buford  C,  Huntington,  W.   Va. 

1914  Tyrrell,  John  F.,  Chicago,  IlL 

1915  Tyson,  A.  Morria,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1912  Tyaon.  Charlea  M.,  Darien.  Ga. 
1922  Udell,  O.  E.,  Yakima,  Waah. 
1906  Ueland,  A.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
1021  Ulbrich,  Adolph,  Elisabeth.  N.  J. 
1021  UUman,  M.   M.,   Birmingham,   Ala. 

1916  Ullmann,    Frederic,    Chicago,    III. 

1914  Ulman.  William  Alban,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1920  Ulrich,  Bany  S..  Honolulu,  H.  T. 
1008  Umbel.  Robert  E.,  Uniontown,  Pa. 

1915  Umstead.  Charlea  H..  Washington,  D.  O. 
1914  Underwood.  E.  Marvin.  Atlanta,  Oa. 

1921  Underwood,    Mell    O..    New    Lexington, 

Ohia 

1021  Underwood,  Oscar  W.,  Jr.,  Washington, 
D.  0. 

1922  Underwood,  P.  R.,  Amsrillo,  Texaa. 

1914  Untermyer,  Alvln,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1911  Untermyer,  Samuel,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1921  Upchurch,  Frank  D.,  Femandina,  Fla. 

1915  Upahur,  George  Martin,  Snow  Hill,  Md. 

1917  Upthegrove,  Daniel,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

1922  Upton,  Clark  C,  HUlyard,  Wash. 


868 


AMEBICAN   BAR  ASSOCIATION. 


BLBCTBD 

1916  Upton,  Ernest  B.,  Cripple  Creek,  Colo. 

1922  Upton,  Jay,  Prineville,  Ore. 

1921  Urban,  Charles  H.,   Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1921.  Urban,  P.  O.,  Timber  Lake,  S.  D. 

1921  Urbanski,  Augustus  O.,  Chicago,  111. 

1922  U*Ren,  Milton  T.,  San  Francisco,  Gal. 
1905  Urion,  Alfred  R.,  Chicago,  111. 

1920  Urion,  Henry  K.,  Chicago,  111. 
1911  Umer,  Hammond,  Frederick,  Md. 

1910  Uaera,   J.  Hernandez,  San  Juan,   P.  R. 

1921  Usher,  Thomas,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1921  Utley,  J.  S.,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

1919  Utaey,  Walter  S.,  St.  George,  8.  C. 

1913  Vaaler,    Rolleff,    Milaca,    Minn. 

1922  Vaenen,  Bertha,  Denver,  Colo. 

1911  Vahey,  James  H.,  Boeton,  Mass. 

1920  Vaile,  William  N.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

1914  Vaill,  Edward  B.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1911  Vale.  Ruby  R..  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1912  Valentine,  A.  Jay,  Parsons,  W.  Va. 

1921  Valentine,   Carl  H.,   Columbus,   Ohio. 

1922  Valentine,    Louis   Hulett,    Los   Angeles, 

Cal. 

1921  Valentine.    M.    F.,    Madisonville,    Tenn. 

1922  Vallee,  Patil,  Los  Angeles,  Gal. 
1909  Van  Allen,  John  W.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
1918  Van    Allen,    W.    B.,   Carthage,    N.    Y. 
1918  Vanartsdalen,  Isaac  J.,  Doylestown,  Pa. 
19?2  Van  Benschoten,  Charles  M.,  Flint,  Mich. 
1918  Van  Benschoten,  William  H.,  New  York. 

N.  Y. 

1921  Van     Bibber.  .  Gyrus    B.,     Huntington, 

W.  Va. 

1921  Van  Blarcom,    Frederick  W.,    Paterson, 

N.  J. 

1907  Van  Buskirk,  DeWitt,  Bayonne,  N.  J. 

1921  Vance,  John  T.,  Jr.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

1920  Vance.  Robert  D.,  Henderson.  Ky. 
1914  Vance.  Victor.  Qadsden,    Ala. 

1908  Vance,   William  R.,   New  Haven.  Conn. 

1922  Van  Cise,  Philip  S.,  Denver,  Colo. 

1921  Van   Cleave,   Thomas  M..    Kansas   City, 

Kan. 

19S0  Van  Cleave,  William  M.,  Macon.  Mo. 

1912  Van  Cleef,  Mynderse,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

1921  Van  Cleve,  Frank,  Paterson.  N.  J. 

1921  Van  Cleve,  Garret,  Paterson,  N.  J. 

1918  Van  Cott,  Ray.  Salt  Uke  City,   Uuh. 
1911  Van  Cott,   Waldemar,   Salt  Lake   City, 

UUh. 

1919  Vanderhoof,  Nelson  B.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1918  Van  Der  Lipp,  Wm.  Theo.,  East  Orange, 

N.  J. 

1914  Vanderpool,  Wynant  D.,   Newark,  N.  J. 

1904  Vandervort,  James  W.,  Parkeraburg,  W. 

Va. 

1921  Vanderwart,  Herman,  Hackensack,  N.  J. 

1918  Van  DerWerker,  Jerome,  Reno,  Nev. 


ILBOTBD 

1888    Van  Devanter,  Willis,  (Cheyamt,  WyoJ^ 

Washin^on,  D.  C 
1918    Vandeventer,  Braden,  Norfolk,  Va. 

1897  Van  Deventer,  Horace,  Knoxville,  Teim. 

1921  Van  De  Water,  John  B.,  Pouffhkeepatep 
N.  Y. 

1914  Vandiver,     Almuth    Cunnin^uim,     New 
York,  N.  Y. 

1917  Van  Doren,  R.  N.,  Chicago,  111. 

1911  Van  Dusen,  Lewis  H.,  Philadelphia,  P». 

1915  VanDuyn,  O.  M.,  San  Frandaoo,  CaL 

1922  Van  Dyke,  B.  F.,  Sacramento,  Cal. 

1912  Van  Dyke,  Douglass,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

1898  Van  Dyke,  George  D.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

1921  Van  Dyke,   Harry  Weston,   Washinflrton, 
D.  a 

1922  Van  Dyke,  John  B.,  Seattle.  Wash. 
1922  Van  Dyke,  Will,  Ukiah,  Cal. 

1916  Van   Dyke.   William,   Detroit,   Mich. 
1883  Van  Dyke.  William  D.,  Milwaukee,  Wlai 
1907  Van  Etten,  John  G.,  Kingston,  N.   Y. 
1906  Van  Everen,  Horace,  Boston,  Mass. 
1921  Van  Fleet,  Alan  C,  Ban  Franciaco,  OaL 

1918  Van  Fleet,  Carey,  San  Francisoo,  Cal. 

1914  Van  Fleet,   William  C,  San  Frmnciaoo, 
Cal. 

1921  Van  Gelder,   George  W.,   Long  Branch, 
N.  J, 

1922  Van  Harvey,  G.  Harris,  St.  Paul.  Minn. 

1917  Van  Horn,  Charles  F.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

1911  Van  Iderstine,  Robert.  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921    Vanier,   Raoul  W.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1915  Van  Kirk,  Charles  C,  Greenwidi.  N.  T. 

1912  Van  Law,  C.  H.,  Marshall  town,  towa. 
1921  Van  Lill,  H.  Frank,  CleveUnd,  Ohio. 
1912  Vann,  Irving  Dillaye,  Siyracuae,  N.   Y. 
1921  Van  Natta,  John  Edward,  Chicago.   HI. 

1921  Van    Nen.    T.    C,   Jr.,    San   Franciaoo. 
Cal. 

1901    Van  Orsdel.  Josiah  A.,  Washington.  D.  C. 

1916  Vsn  Orsdel,   R.   A.,  OmaHa,   Nebr. 

1922  Van  Osdol,  Paul,  Brookfleld,  Mo. 

1921  Van  Pelt,  Walter  G.,  Los  Angeles,  OaL 

1922  Van  Ruff,  W.  F.,  Seattle,  Waah. 

1911  Vans  Agnew,  P.   A.,  Winter  Park,   FUu 

1919  Van  Sant,  Frank,  Washington,  D.  C 
1914    Van  Santvoord,    Seymour,   Troy,    N.    T. 

1921  Van  Schaick,  Guy.  Chicago,  111. 
1906    Van  Sinderen,  Howard,  New  York.  N.  T. 

1917  Van   Swearingen,  John   Q.,   Uniootown, 
Pa. 

1918  VanValkenburg,  Arba  &,  Kansaa  City, 
Mo. 

1922  Van  Vranken,  Edward,  Stockton.  Oal. 
1922  Van  Winkle,   Albert,  New  York,   N.    Y. 
1922  VanWinkle,  C.  H.,  San  Diego,  OaL 

1912  Van  Winkle,  KIngsland,  Ashevllle,  N.  a 
1922  Van  Winkle,  Marshall,  Jersey  City.  N.  J. 


ALPHABETICAL  LIST  OF   MEMBSBS. 


869 


KLBOTJBD 

1021  Van   Wyck,   Sidney  M.,   Jr..   San   Fran- 

ciaco,  Cal. 

1908  Tan  Zante,  John,   Portland  Oregon. 

1917  Varga,    H.   E.,   Cleveland,   Ohio. 
191S  Varian,  Bertram  S.,  Weiaer,  Idaho. 
1921  Varlel,  R.  H.  F.,  Jr.,  Los  Angelea,  OaL 

1918  Vamer,   T.  T..   Poteau,  Oklahoma. 
19S2  Vamey,  Lucius  E.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1022  Vamum,  George  Martin,  Berkeley,  Cal. 
1914  Varser,  L.  R.,  Lumberton,  N.  C. 

1901  Yates,  William  B.,  Pueblo,  Colo. 

ItlB  Yauffhan,   Athelitan,  Long  Island  City, 

N.  Y. 

1920  Yaughan,  Emmet,  Dea  Arc,  Ark. 

1911  Yaughan,  Ernest  H.,  Worcester,  Man. 

1912  Yaughan,  George,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 
1911  Yaughan,  Henry  0.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1920  Yaughan,  Horace  W.,  Honolulu,  Hawaii. 

1920  Yaughan.  John  C,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1921  Yaughan,  John  R.,  Akron,  Ohio. 

1921  Yaughan,    W.   W.,  Pawhuska,  Okla. 
1920  Yanghn,  Loren,   Phoenix,   Aria. 

1922  Yaughn,  OrriUe  R..  San  Francisco,  Oal. 

1910  Yaugh^,    Robert,    Naahville,   Tenn. 
1918  Yaughn,  W.  Frank,  Altoona,  Pa. 
1922  Yeale,  TInkham,  Topeka,  Kans. 

1911  Yeaaey,   James   A.,  Tulsa,   Okla. 

1913  Yeazfe,  A.  L.,  Portland,  Ore. 
1922  Yedder,  Beverly  B..  Chicago.  HI. 

1908  Veeder,  Henry,  Chicago,  111. 

1920  Yeeder,  John  DeWItt,  Laa  Yegaa,  N.  U. 
1918  Yeeder,  Yan  Yechten,  New  York.  N    Y. 

1912  Yelde,  Franklin  L,  Pekin,  111. 

1921  Yelikanje,   E.   B.,  Yakima,   Wash. 

1920  Yenable,   John,   Albuquerque,    N.    M. 

1921  Yenables,  R.  J.,  Yakima,  Wash. 

1921  'Yeneman,  Albert  J.,  Evansville,  Ind. 

1922  Yerheyen,  A.  J.,  Los  Angeles,  Oal. 
1918  Yernon,  A.  H.,  Little  Falls,  Minn. 
1907  Yernon,    Irving   E.,    Portland,   Maine. 
1918  Yer  Ploeg,   C,  Oskalooea,  Iowa. 
1907  Yerrill,   Hany  M.,   Portland,   Maine, 

1889  Yertrees,  John  J.,  Nashville,  Tenn. 

1920  Yesey,   David  Studabaker,   Fort  Wayne, 

Ind. 

1921  Yestal,    Allan  P.,   Indianapolis,   Ind. 
1917  Yetsburg.  Karl  M.,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
1921  Yette,  John  Lyle,  Chicago,  III.' 
1014  Ylcars,  O.   M.,  Wise,  Ya. 

1917  Yickery,  Willis,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
1912  Yidal.   Henry  C.   Denver,   Colo. 

1918  Yiele,  Dorr.  New  York,  N.  T. 
1911  Yierling,  Frederick.  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1890  Yieu,  Henry  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1914  Yigg,  Sandor  J.,   Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
19Z1  Yigran,  Nathan,  Cincinnati,   Ohio. 
1921  Yilas,   Martin   S.,   Burlington,   Yt. 

1909  Ylneyard,  J.  J.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 


BLBOntD 

1921  Yineyard,  Jease  M.,   Helena,   Ark. 

1921  Yinlssky,  Bernard  W.,  Chicago,  111. 

1918  Yinson.  William  A.,  Houston,  Texas. 

1917  Yinson,  Z.  T.,  Huntington.  W.  Ya. 

1918  Yinsonhaler,  Duncan  M.,  Omaha,  Neb. 

1921  Yinton,   W.  T.,  McMinnville,  Oreg.. 

1907  Ylrgin,   Hany  R.*   Portland,  Maine. 

1913  Yisacher,  William  L.,  Albany,  N.  T. 

1922  Yisser,  Raymond,  Chicago,  HI. 
1922  Yitale,  Benedict  S.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1906  Yiti,  Marcel   A.,  Philadelphia,   Pa. 

1920  Yitousek,  R.  A.,  Honolulu,  HawaiL 
1922  Yivian,  John  C,  Denver,  Colo. 

1914  Yodrey,  William  H.,  East  Liverpool,  0. 

1921  Yogcl.  Charles  F.,  Chicago,  HI. 
1921  Yogelgesang,  Jacob  G.,   Ruasell,  Kan. 

1920  Yogi,  Albert  L,  Denver,  Colo. 
1906  Yoigt,  John  P.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1921  Yold,  Uuriz,  Grand  Forks,  N.  D. 
1914  Yollrath.   Edward,    Bucyrus,   Ohio. 

1918  Yon  Ammon,  Frederic  E.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1922  Yon  Detten,  Otto,  Stockton,  Cal. 
1901  Yon  Moschzlsker,^  Robert,   Philadelphia. 

Pa. 

1921  Yon  Reinsperg,   Hans,  Chicago,  III. 

1919  Yon  Rosenvinge,  Theodore,  Boston,  Mass 

1916  Yon    Schrader,    Otto    Y.,    Washington, 
D.  C. 

1922  Yon  Schriltz,  G^y  W..  Pittsburgh,  Kan. 
1922  Yoogd,   Dick,   Aplington,  Iowa. 
1909  Yoorhees,  Harvey  C,  Boston,  Mass. 
1896  Yoorhees,  John  H.,  Sioux  Falls,  S.  D. 

1908  Yoorhees,  Reese  H.,  Spokane,  Wash. 

1919  Yoorhees,  Tracy  8.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1911  Yorhaus,  Louis  J..  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1922  Yories,  Harry  P.,  Pueblo,  Colo. 
1904  Yorys,  Arthur  I.,  Columbus,  Ohio. 

1912  Yose,  Frederic  Perry,  Chicago,  HL 

1918  Yose,   Walter  8.,   Chicago,   111. 

1917  Voter,  Frank  P.,  Laurel,  Nebr. 
1916  Yoyles,  David  W.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1922  Yulllemot,  E.,  New  Iberia,  La. 
1914  Wachner,  O.   S.,   Cleveland,   Ohio. 
1922  Wachtcl,    Samuel    Robert,    New    York, 

N.  Y. 

1913  Wack,  Henry  W..  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1920  Waddel,  W.  G.,  Webster,  S.  D. 
1911  Waddin.  C.  J.,  Madison ville,  Ky. 

1921  Wade,  Clem  F.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

1920  Wade.  Frank,  Pulaski.  Tenn. 

1919  Wade,  John  W.,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 
1894  Wade,  M.  J.,  Iowa  City,  Iowa. 

1921  Wade,  W.  B.,  Madison,  W.  Ya. 

1922  Wadham,  James  E..  San  Diego,  Cal. 
1899  Wadhams,   Frederick  E.,  Albany,   N.   Y 

1918  Wadhams,   William   H.,   Berlin,    W.   0., 
Germany. 

1918  Wadley,  William  B.,  Denver,  Colo. 


870 


AM£BICAK   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


1920  Wadlinrton,  Anthony  W.,  Ada,  OUa. 

1920  Waflen,  Auguft  J.,  Iron  River,  Mich. 
1021  Wagrener,  Auguat  P.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1904  Waggener,  William  P.,  Atchison,   Sana. 

1921  Waggoner,  Lloyd  E.,  Sioux  Falls,  S.  D. 
1908  Wagner,  E.   E.,  Sioux  City,  Iowa. 
19ir  Wagner,  Franklin  Allan,  New  York, 

N.  Y. 

1905  Wagner,  Hugh  K.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1900  Waguespack,  W.  J.,  New  Orleans,  La. 

1920  Wahl,  J.  H.,  Mcintosh,  FU. 

1914  Wailes,  F.  Leonard.  Salisbury,  Md. 

1918  Wainwright.  J.   Mayhew,  New  York, 

N.  Y. 

1911  Wait,   Wm.    Gushing,    Medford,    Mass. 

1906  Waite,  Edward  F.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

1922  Waite,  John  Barker,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 

1914  Waite,  Moriaon  R.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1922  Waite,  Raymond,  Chicago.  111. 

1911  Wakefield,  John  Lathrop,  Boston,  Mass. 
1922  Wakefield,  Bay  C,  Fresno,  Cal. 

1904  Wakefield,  Wm.  J.  C,  Spokane,  Wash. 

1918  Wakelee,    Edmund   W.,    Newark.    N.    J. 
1922  Wakeman,  E.  ^.,  New  Castle.  Wyo. 
1922  Wakeman,  E.  H.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
1922  Walchli,  Hans,  Kalispell.  Mont. 

1919  Waloott,    Robert,    Beaton,    Mass. 
1922  Wald,  Albert,  New  York.   N.   Y. 

1917  Walden,  W.   B.,   Berea,  Ky. 

1905  Waldo,    George    £.     (Pasadena)     Loi 

Angeles,  Cal. 

1916  Waldo,  H.  R.,  Salt  Lake  City.  Utah. 
1900  Waldo,  John  F.  C,  New  Orleana,  La. 
1919  Wales,  Henry  W.,  Chicago,  III. 

1921  Walford,   Roy  H.,  Lincoln,   Neb. 

1921  Walker,  A.  M.,  Akron,  Ohio. 
1919  Walker,  Bertrand,  Chicago.  111. 

1912  Walker,  Chas.   A.  J.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1915  Walker,  Edwin  Robert,  Trenton,  N.  J. 

1922  Walker,  Foshay,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
1921  Walker,   Frank  C,  Butte,  Mont. 
1921  Walker,  Q.  Edwin,   Bartow,  Fla. 

1918  Walker,  George  B..   PhiladelphU,  Pa. 

1917  Walker,  George  H.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1914  Walker,  George  R.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Walker,  H.  C,  Jr.,  Sbreveport,  La. 

1918  Walker,  Henry  B.,  Evansville,  Ind. 
1911  Walker,  Henry  G.,  lows  City,  Iowa. 

1919  Walker,  Irring  M..  Los  Angeles,  Cal.. 

1920  Walker,  Irwin  N.,  Chicago.  111. 
1919  Walker,  J.  V..  Fayetteville,  Ark. 
1919  Walker,  Jacob  A.,  Opelika,  Ala. 

1922  Walker,  John  W.,  Irvine,  Ky. 

1911  Walker,  Legar6,  Summerville,  8.  a 
19U  Walker,  Mortimer  £.,  Racine,  Wis. 
1919  Walker,  Nathaniel  U.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1S99  Walker,  Plstt  D.,  Raleigh.  N.  a 

1912  IVtelkar,  Richard  W.,  HuntsviUe,  Ala. 


ILRCTBD 

1921  Walker,  Robert  S.,  Waterlrary,  Oonn. 

1917  Walker,  Roberta,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1919  Walker,  Samuel  P.,  Memphis,  Tenii. 
1990  Walker,    Seth   M.,    Nashville,   Tenn. 

1922  Walker,  Sharpless,  Miles  City,  Mont. 
1921  Walker,  Stanton,  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

1918  Walker.  Stuart  W.,  Martinaburg,  W.  Va. 

1921  Walker,  Thomaa  J.,  Butte.  Mont 
1914  Walker,  W.  M.«  Keosauqua,  Iowa. 

1922  Walker,  Walter  B..  New  York.  N.   Y. 
1914  Wall,  Albert  C,  Jersey  aty.  N.  J. 
1909  Wall,  Isaac  D.,  Baton  Rouge.  L*. 
1921  Wall,  Jesse  D..   WichiU,   Kan. 
1921  Wall,   John  E.,  Quincy,  111. 

1919  Wall,    W.    W.,    New   Orleana,   La. 
1914  Wallace,  A.  W.,  Fredericksburg,  Va. 
1921  Wallace,  Arthur  E.,  Chicago,  Dl. 

1921  Wallace,    BradlQr    L.,    San    Francisco, 
Cal. 

1922  Wallace,  Charles  D.,  Long  Beach,  Oal. 

1919  Wallace,  Donald  A.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1921  Wallace,  E.  A.,  Osmeron,  Texaa. 
1918  Wallacsb  George  8.,  Huntington,  W.  Va. 

1922  Wallace,  Gerald  Beatty,  Stocktoo,   Cml. 
1921  Wallace,  Henry  L.,  Chicago,  111. 

1920  Wallace,  Joeeph  P.,  McGehee,  Ark. 

1920  Wallace,  Maxwell  Q.,  Richmond.   Va. 
191C  Wallace,  &  Mayaer,  St.  Looia,  Mo. 

1914  Wallace,  W.  B,  ViaaUa,  Cal. 

1921  Wallace,    W.    O.,    Columbiana,    Ohio. 

1915  Wallace.  William,  Aberdeen,  &  D. 

1921  Wallace,    William    O.,    Niagara    Falls, 
N.  Y. 

1914  Wallace,  William,  Jr.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1922  Wallbank,  Stanley  T.,  Denver,  Colo. 
1912  Wallerstein,  David,  Philadelphia,  Pia. 

1918  Wallin,  William  J.,  Yonkers.  N. -Y« 
1914  Wallhig,  Emory  A.,  Erie,  Pa. 

1916  Walling,  Eugene  A.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
1909  Wallingford,     John     D.,     Osnal     Zoaie, 

Panama. 

1922  Wallia,  H.  M.,  Jr.,  Houma,  U. 

1920  Walla,  Charles  Albert,  Lonoke,  Ark. 

1917  Walla,  Willism  L.,  Cheyenne,  Wyo. 

1920  Walrod,  Claude  D.,  Holyoke.  Oolo. 

1921  Walaer,  Guy  O.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1904  Walsh,  Arthur  R.,  New  York.   N.    T. 

1919  Walsh.  Charles  A.,   Providence,   R.   L 
1919  Walsh,    E.    J.,    Nashville,   Tenn. 

1918  Walsh,  Edward  P.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1914  Walsh,  Frank  P.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

1922  Walsh.  Homan  W.,  Charlottesville,   Va. 
1908  Walsh.  James  A.,  Helena,  Mont. 
1914  Walsh,  James  F.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
1916  Walah,  John.  Waahlngton.  D.  C. 
1914  Walsh.   John    J.,    Norwalk.    Conn. 
1906  Walsh,  Mark  A.,   Burlington,   Iow«. 
1914  Walsh,  Martin,   Chicago.   lU. 


ALPHABETICAL  LIST   OF   MEMBERS. 


871 


CLICTBD 

1906  Walsh,  Thomas  J.,  Washington,  D.  0. 

1917  Walsh,  Thotnaa  L.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1918  Walsh,  Walter  J.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 
1918  Walsh,  Williaxn  A.,  Tonken,   N.  T. 
1909  Walter,  Luther  M.,  Chicago.  111. 
1922  Walters,  Byron  J.,  San  Diego,  Cal. 

1918  Walters,  Charles  E.,  Toledo,  Iowa. 
1916  Walters,  H.  F.,  Altoona,  Pa. 

1915  Walters,  Renxy  C,   Detroit,   BCich. 
1922  Walters,  R.  T.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
1909  Walther.  Lambert  E.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1921  Waltner,  W.  R.,  Kansas  City,  Ifo. 

1911  Walton,  Charles  W.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
1921  Walton,  Matt  S.,  Lexington,  Ky. 
1921  Walton,  Thomas  P.,  Phoenix,  Arix. 

1920  Walton,  William  B.,  Silver  City,  N.  H. 
1894  Wambaugh,  Eugene,  Cambridge,  Mass. 
1914  Wammack,  Ralph,  Bloomfleld,   Ho. 

1921  Wampler,  T.-  Morrla,  Washington,  D.  0. 

1922  Wandrei,  Albert  C,  St.  Paul,  Ifinn. 

1916  Wanner,  Nevin  M.,  York,  Pa. 
1921  Wanzer,  E.  P.,  Armour,  S.  D. 

1921  Ward,    Chandler  P.,   Los  Angeles,   CaL 

1921  Ward,  Charles  E.,  Chicago,  111. 

1921  Ward,  E.  B..  Corpus  Christ!,  Texas. 

1919  Ward.    Ethelbert.    Denver,    Colo. 

1921  Ward,  Frederick  J.,  Detroit.  Mich. 

1922  Ward,  H.  H.,  Jr..  Wilmington,  Del. 
1922  Ward,  H.  Judd,  Troy,  N.  Y. 

1899  Ward,  Hamilton,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

1887  Ward,  Henry  G.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1896  Ward,  Herbert  H.,  Wilmington.  DeL 

1922  Ward,  J.  Lenox,  Yakima,  Wash. 

1922  Ward,  J.  M..  San  Diego,  Cal. 

1912  Ward,  M.  L..  San  Diego.  Cal. 

1921  Ward,  M.  Thomas,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

1921  Ward,  Philip  H.,  Sterling,  111. 

1921  Ward.  Robert  Marion,  Winchester,  Va. 

1922  Ward,  Sherley  C,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
1922  Ward,  Waldron  M.,  Newark.  N.  J. 
1921  Warden,  Franklin  M.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1921  Warder,  Hugh,  Grafton,  W.  Va. 

1920  Wardlaw,  J.  M.,  Denver,  Colo. 
1911  Wardner,  O.  Philip,  Boston,  Mass. 
1918  Wardwell.  Allen,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Wardwell,    LeUtia   Halpenny,    Washing- 

ton, D.  C. 

1911  Ware,  Charles  Eliot,  Fitchburg,  Mass. 

1916  Ware,  Henry,  Boston,  Mass. 

1911  Ware,  John  Roland,  Minneapolis.   Minn. 

1922  Warfleld,  Benjamin  D.,  Louisville.  Ky. 

1914  Warfleld,  F.  Howard,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1911  Warfleld,  Frederic  P.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1916  Warfleld,   John   D.,    Denver.   Colo. 

1920  Waring,  Roane,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

1922  Warlow,  Chester  H.,  Fresno,  Cal. 

1928  Warlow,  T.  Picton,  Orlando,  Fla. 


■LXCTED 

1922  Warner,   Benjamin  F.,  San  Bernardino, 

CaL 

1914  Warner,  David  A.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

1891  Warner,  Donald  T.,  Salisbury,  Conn. 

1919  Warner,   Dorr  E.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1916  Warner,  Edgar  M.,  Putnam,  Conn. 

1922  Warner,  Frank,  Norfolk,  Neb. 

1921  Warner,  Frank  H.,  Philadelphia,  Penn. 
1916  Warner,  Harry  Preston,  Fort  Smith,  Ark. 

1907  Warner,    James   Harold,    Poughkeepsie, 
N.  Y. 

1922  Warner,  John  B.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1922  Warner,  Milo  J.,  Toledo,  Ohio. 

1912  Warner,  Milton  B.,  Pittsfleld,  Masi. 
1922  Warner,  Sam  Bass,  Eugene.  Ore. 
1906  Warner,  Stanley  Clark,  Denver,  Colo. 
1922  Warren,  Anna  M.,  Reno,  Nev. 

1921  Warren,  Bates,  Washington,  D.  O. 
1916  Warren,   Bentley  W.,  Boston,   Mass. 

1914  Warren,    Charles,    Washington,   D.    0. 
1918  Warren,   Edward   H.,   Cambridge,   Mass. 

1922  Warren,  Edward  J.,  Chlca^,  HI. 
1922-  Warren,  Ernest  R.,  Gastonia,  N.  C. 

1921  Warren,  Fred  G.,  Sioux  Falls,  S.  D. 

1918  Warren,  George  R..  Manchester,  N.  H. 

1922  Warren,  L  M.,  Dyerri>urg,  Tenn. 
1922  Warren,  John  L,  Boston,  Mass. 
1916  Warren.  Joseph  F.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1919  Warren,  Louis  J.,  Honolulu,  Hawaii. 
1921  Warren,  Thomas  J.,  Fort  Collins,  Colo. 
1921  Warren,  William  H.,  DeSmet,  S.  D. 

1921  Warrington,    Carina    C,    Fort    Wayne, 
Ind. 

1922  Warahaw,  Irving  0.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1915  Washburn,   Albert  R.,   Vienna,    Austria. 
1904  Washburn,   Jed   L..   Duliith,   Minn. 

1916  Waahbum.  Nathan.  Middleboro.  Maasi 
1921  Washburn,  W.  P.,  Knoxville,  Tenn. 

1897  Washbunv  Willism  D.,  Evanston.  DL 

1921  Washington,     Richard    B.,     Alexandria, 
Va. 

1916  Washington,  W.   H.,   Nashville,  Tenn. 

1916  Waasell,  Harry  B.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

1913  Waaserman,  Frank.  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1916  Wasserman,    Jacob,    Boston,    Mass. 

1922  Waste,  William  H.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1921  Waterman,  Charles  M.,  Davenport,  Iowa. 
1901  Waterman.  Charles  W..  Denver,  Colo. 
1918  Waterman,  John  A.,  Gorham,  Maine. 
1911  Waterman.  Lewia  Anthony,  Providence, 

R.  I. 

1918  Waterman.  Robert  E.,  Ogdensburg,  N.  Y. 

1908  Waters.    Asa    W.,    (Cambridge,   Mass.), 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1911  Waters,  Bertram  G.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1922  Waters,  E.  A.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
1911  Waters,  Henry  J.,  Princess  Anne,  Md. 

1898  Waters,  J.  &  T.,  Baltimore,  Md. 


872 


AMERICAN   BAR  ASSOCIATION. 


KLIOTBD 

1922  Waters,  Jamey  A.,  Boeton,  Uaas. 

1900  Waten,  Louia  L.,  Qjrracuae,   N.   T. 

1921  Watkina,  Albert,  Dodge  iJiij,  Kan. 

1910  Watkina,  Edgar,  AtUnta,  Qa. 

1921  Watkina,  Elton,  Portland,  Oreg. 

1914  Watkina,   H.   V.,  Jackson,   Miai. 

1910  Watkina,  Henry  H..  Anderson,  &  0. 
1919  Watkina,  Homer,  Cedartown,  Ga. 

1921  Watkina,  Lewia  H.,  Watkina,  N.  Y. 
1919  Watkina,  T.  Prank,  Anderson,  &  C. 
1917  Watkina,  Thomaa  G.,  Nashville,  Tenn. 

1922  Watkina,  William  H..  Jackaon,  Ifias. 
1922  Watkinson,  Charles  E.,  Hanford,  OaL 
1914  Watres,  L.   A.,  Scranton,  Pa. 

1919  Watres.  Laurence  H.,  Scranton,  Pa. 

1917  Watrous.  Eliot,  New  Haven,  Conn. 
1891  Watroua,  George  D.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 
1916  Watson,  Albert,  Mount  Vernon,  111. 
1907  Watson,  Archibald  R.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1921  Wataon,  B.  Q.,  Columbus,  Ohio. 

1921  Wataon,  Charles  D.,  St.   Albana,  Vt 

1911  Watson,  Edward  M.,  Honolulu,  Hawaii. 
1916  Watson.  Isaac  N.,  Kansaa  City,  Mo. 
1921  Wataon,  J.   C,   Indlanola,   Iowa. 

1916  Watson,  J.  T.,  Jr.,  Tampa,  Fla. 

1912  Wataon,  James  A.,  Washington,  D.  a 
1914  Wstson.   James  D.,   Tiffin,   Ohio. 

1918  Wataon,  John  R.,   Montpelier,   Vt 

1921  Watson,  Raymond  E.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

1922  Wataon,  Ripley,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 
1912  Watson,   Robert,   Washington,    D.  C. 

1920  Wataon.  W.  H.,  Penaacola,  Fla. 
1922  Watson.  W.  W.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1917  Watson,  William  W..  Paaaaic,  N.  J. 
1922  Watt,  Rolla  Bishop,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
1911  Wattenscbeidt.  C.  R.,  Baltimore,  Md. 
1911  Watts,  Cornelius  C,  Charleston.  W.  Va. 

1921  Wstts,    Jo.    Blackburn,    Charleston.    W. 

Va. 

1907  Watts,  Millard  F..  St  Lduis,  Mo. 

1914  Watts,    Philip   B.,    Bsltimore,   Md. 

1921  Watta,  R.  B.,  Birmingham,  Ala. 

1914  Watts,   R.   C,  Cheraw.   S.   C. 

1916  Watta.   Sidney  J.,   Pittsburgh,    Pa. 

1920  Watta,  Thomas  J.,  Muldrow.  Okla. 

1919  Watta,  W.  H.  L.,  Kansaa  City.  Mo. 

1921  Waugh,  Andrew  M.,  Sugar  Land,  Texas. 
1921  Waugh,  H.  Roy,  Buckhannon,  W.  Va. 
1902  Way,  WillUm  A.,   Pittaburgh,  Pa. 
1914  Wayne,  Jamea  A.,  Wallace,   Idaho. 

1920  Wayne,  William,  Misaoula,  Mont. 
1914  Weadock,  Bernard  F..  Detroit,  Mich. 

1918  Weadock,  George  W.,  Saginaw.  Mich. 
1914  Weadock,  Jerome,   Saginaw,   Mich. 
1918  Weadock,  John  C,  New  York.  N.   Y. 

1918  Weadock.  Lewia  J.,  Bay  City,  Mich. 

1919  Weadock,    Paul,    Detroit,   Mich. 

1880  Weadock,  Thomaa  A.  B.,  Detroit,  Mich. 


KLECTEO 

>014  Weadock.  Vincent,  Saginaw,  Mich. 

1920  Weakley,  Ewell  T.,  Dyersburg,  Tenn. 

1922  Weaks,  Joe  H.,  Murray,  Ky. 

1919  Wean,  Frank  L.,  Chicago,  III. 
1916  Weant,  Edward  O.,  Westminster,  Md. 
1918  Wear,  W.  C.  Hillsboro,  Tex. 

1920  Weatherford.  J.  K.,   Albany,  Ore. 

1906  Weatherly,  James,  Birmingham,  Abu 
1022  Weathers,  Niel  A.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1921  Weaver,  Aubrey  O..  Front  Royal,  Va. 

1922  Weaver.  Chauncey  A.,  Dea  Moines,  Iowa. 
1900  Weaver,  James  B.,  Jr..  Des  Moines.  Iowa. 
1922  Weaver,  Jesse  C,  St  Paul,  Minn. 
1921  Weaver,    John,    Chicago,   HI. 
1806  Weaver,  John,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

1921  Weaver,  John  B.,  Springfield.  OL 
1920  Weaver,  Ronald  Race,  Detroit  Mich. 

1916  Weaver,  Samuel  P.,  Sprague.  Waah. 

1922  Weaver.  W.  Edgar,  White  Stone.  L.  L. 
N.  Y. 

1917  Weaver.  Zebuk>n.  Asheville,  N.  C 
1922  Webb.  Arthur  C.  Los  Angeles,  Gal. 

1918  Webb,  Curtis  L.,  Mesdville,   Pa. 

1920  Webb,  D.   C.  Knoxville,  Tenn. 
1914  Webb,  Edwin  Y.,  Shelby,  N.  C 

1921  Webb,  Frederick  W.  C,  Sslidwry.  Md. 

1921  Webb,  G.  C,  Americus,  Ga. 
1896  Webb,  James  H.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

1922  Webb,  Joseph  J.,  San  Prandsco,  Oal. 
1922  Webb,  Robert  L.,  Topeka,  Kana. 
1918  Webb,   U.   S.,  San  Francisco,  GaL 
1922  Webb,  Walton  C.  San  Francisco,  Osl. 

1907  Webb,  Willoughby  L..  Vineyard  Haven, 
Mass. 

1922  Webber,  Edward  L.,  Napa,  Oal. 

1918  Webber,   Harriaon  B.,  Canton,  Ohio. 

1918  Webber,  John  F.,  Otturowa,  Iowa. 

1922  Webber,  Lane  D.,  San  Diego,  Gal. 

1902  Webber,  Marshsll  B.,  Winona.  Mfnn. 

1911  Webber,  Marvelle  C.  Rutland,  Vt 

1920  Weber,  A.  J.,  Salt  Lake  aty.  Utah. 

1921  Weber,  B.  a.  Ft.  Madison,  lows. 

1912  Weber,  Harry  P.,  Chicago,  m. 
1921  Webster,   Bradford,  San  Franciseo.  OkL 
1916  Webster.  Charles  R.,  Chicago.  HI. 
1921  Webster,  Edwin  B.,  Bel  Air,  MdL 

1921  Webster.  Elmer  R.,  Pontiac,  Mich. 
1916  Webster,  George  B.,  St.   Louis,    Mo. 
1906  Webster,  John  L..  Omahs,  Nebr. 

1922  Webster.  R.  M..  Spokane,  Waah. 
1918  Wechaler,   MarUn.    New  York,   N.    T. 
1914  Wechsler,  Sigmund,  New  York,  N.   T. 
1921  Wederath,  Frank  C,  Presho,  8.  D. 
1911  Weed.  Alonao  R.,  Boston.  Maas. 

1920  Weed.  Chester  A.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1921  Weed,  Richmond,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1918  Weeks.  Edward  T.,  New  Iberia,  Ln. 

1919  Weeks.  J.  Borton,  Chester,  Pa. 


ALPHABETICAL  LIST  OF   MEMBERS. 


873 


KLSOTBD 

11H4  Weeki,  Jamct  J.,   Bottineau,   N.   D. 

1921  Weeks»  William  Fnderic.  WichiU  FtUi, 

Texas. 

J9a  Wehe»  Frank  R.,  San  Francisco,  Gal. 

1916  Wehle,  Loals  B.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
19IS  Wehrle,   E.   F.,   Loe  Angeles,  CaL 
19S2  Weiffle,  Maurice,  Chicago,  DL    .. 

1922  Weil,  A.  L.,  San  Franciaoo,  Oil. 
1886  Weil,  A.  Leo,  Pittrinnvh.  Pa. 

1921  Weil,  Abraham,  Niafara  Falb,  N.  T. 

1922  Weil,  Frank  L.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1920  Weil,  George,  Pittatmrgh,  Pa. 
1906  Weil,  Jonas.   Minneapolis.   Minn. 

1918  Weil,  Leon,   Montgomery,   Ala. 

1921  Weiler,  Harriet,  Boston.  Mass. 
191S  Weill,  A.  &,  Philadelphia,   Pa. 

1906  Weimer,  Albert  B.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1921  Weinberger,  Harry  H.,  Passaic.  N.  J. 

1922  Weinberger,  Herman,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 
1922  Weinberger,  Jacob,  San  Diego.  Cal. 

1917  Weinbrenner,  J.  Ray,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1912  Weinteld,   Charles.   Chicago.   111. 
1922  Weinke,  T.  A..  Condon,  Ore. 

1921  Weir,   Clarence  E.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

1914  Weia,  Frederick  S.,   New  Orleans,  L*. 

1921  Weisberg,   Albert  J.,  Chicago,  HI. 
1917  Welsbefg,  Alex.  F..  Dsllas,  Texas. 

1920  Weisman.  Herman  J.,  Watcrbury,  Conn. 

1922  Weiss.  Hsrry.  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

1917  Weiss.  8o1.  New  Orleans.  La. 
1922  Weiia,  William,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1912  Weisienbach.  Joseph,  Chicago,  HI. 
1922  Weiflser,  Budd  8.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1919  Weitael,  Albert  P..  Pittabunh.  Pa. 
1919  Weitzel.  Oeorge  T..  WasMngton.  D.  G 

1921  Welbom,  W.  L.,  Rosnoke,  Va. 

1919  Welbom,  William  C.  rCvansrille.  Ind. 

1915  Welch,  Albert  O..  Chicago,  HI. 

1922  Welch.  J.  R.,  San  Jose,  Gal. 

1920  Welch.  Leslie  A.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

1921  Welch.  Ninian  H.,  Chicago,  III. 

1922  Welch,  Richard  A.,  Keyser,  W.  Va. 

1910  Welch,  Thomaa  Cary.  Manila,  P.   L 
1908  Welch,  W.  S.,  Laurel.  Miss. 

1918  Welch,   W.   8..   Bessemer,    Ala. 
191S  Welch.  Walter,  Clearfleld,  Pa. 

1919  Welch,   Walter,   ProTincetown,  Maas. 

1921  Weldin.  Frank,  PIggott.  .Ark. 

1918  Weldon,  Richard  E.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1922  Weiler,  Dana  R.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
1918  Weiler,  Royal  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1911  Wellford,  Beverly  R.,  Richmond,  Ta. 
1806  Welfman,  Arthur  H..  Boston.  Msss. 
1922  Wellman,  C.  T.,  Sheldon,  Iowa. 

1922  Wellman,  Ftancls  L.,  New* York,  N.  Y. 

Ifl6  Wellmsn.  Quy,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1914  Wells,  A  Coulter,  Wsshlngton.  D.  G 

1914  Wells,    GAM.    (Hyattsrills,    Md.), 
Waahington,  D.  G 


BLBCTED 

1920  Wella,  Charles  B..  Shawnee,  OUa. 

1919  Wella,  E.  R.  F..  Norfolk,  Ya. 
1904  Welh^  Frank,  Oklahoma  aty,  Okla. 

1916  Wella,  G.  B.,  Plant  City,  Florida. 
1918  Wells,  George  F.,  Washington,  D.  G 
ion  Wells,  Philip  P.,  Middletown,  Conn. 
I9U  Wells,  Ralph  Olney,  Hartford,  Conn. 
1914  Wells,    Robert   W.    (HyattsriUsb    Md.)- 

Washington.  D.  G 

1912  Wells,  Ross,  §t.  Maxya,  W.  Va. 

1909  Wells,  T.  meston.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1914  Wella,  W.  CalTfn,  Jackson.  Miss. 

1920  Welto,  W.  E.,  Prague,  Okla. 
1918  Wells,  Wellington,  Boston,  Mass. 
1914  Wela,  Isidor.   New   York,   N.   Y.         4 

1918  Welsh,  Charles  F.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1921  Welsh,  John  T.,  South  Bend,  Waah. 

1922  Welty,  B.  F.,  Lima,  Ohio. 

1911  Wendt,  John  &.  Pittsburgh,  Ps. 
1928  WennerBtrum,  0.  F.,  Chariton,  Iowa. 
1907  Wensley,  Robert  L.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1912  Wentworth,  Daniel  8.,  Chicago,  HI. 
1922  Werlein,  Ewing,  Houston,  Tex. 

1917  Wermuth,  William  Charlea,  Chicago,  111. 
1921  Wemeke,  Ridiard  A.,  Terre-Haute,  Ind. 
1921  Werner,  Carl  0.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1911  Werner,  Charles  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1911  Werner,   Percy,  St  Louis,  Mo. 

1919  Wemette,  N.  D.,  Coeur  d'Alene,  Idaho 

1921  Wemo,  Charles,  Chicago,  111. 

1918  Wertime,  Walter  H.,  Cohoes,  N.  Y. 

1920  Wescoat,  Clarence  F.,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
1918  Wcal^,  Charles  S.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1911  Wesselman,  Henry  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1914  Wesielmann,    Frederick    E.,    Cincinaati, 

Ohio. 

1922  Weasels,  Arthur  L.,  Ukiah,  Cal. 

1921  West,   A.  T.,   Ardmore,  Okla. 

1922  West,  Charles,  Tulss,  Okla. 
1918  West.   F.    M..   Jackson,   Miss. 
1918  West,  Frank  G,   Denver,   Colo. 
1921  West,  Jesse  F.,  Waver ly,  Va. 
1921  West,  John  E.,  Bellefontaine,  Ohio. 

1921  West,  Johnson  E..  Bellefontaine,   Ohio. 

1912  West,  Judson  8.,  T(^>eka,   Kans. 

1922  West,  Percy  G.,   Sacramento,  Oal. 
1903  West,   Preston  C,  Tulsa,  Okla. 
1914  West,  Raymond  B..  Basin,  Wyo. 
1916  West,  Robert  Jesse,   Okolona,   Miasi 
1897  West,   Roy  O.,  Chicago,  IIL 
1918  West,  Samuel  H.,   aeveland,   Ohio. 
1911  West,  Samuel  H.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1922  West,  T.  G,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 
1921  Weatbrook,  W.  H.,  Chicago,  111. 
1918  Westcott,  John  W.,  Camden,  N.  J. 
1918  Weatcott,  N.  B.,  Onky.  Va. 
19n  Westerfeld,  Osrl,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 


874 


AMEBIC 


A 


BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


KLBOTBD 

1921  Weflterfleld,  William  W.,   New  Orleans, 

La. 

1822  WesterhofT,  Harris  J.,  Paterson,  N.  J. 

1914  Westennayr,  Arthur  J.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1982  Westerrelt,  James,  Los  AAKeles,  CaL 
1921  Westenrelt,     Warner    W.,     Hackensadc, 

N.  J. 

1921  Westfall,  Ralph  G.,  Oolumbos,  Ohio. 

1922  Westlake,  Elmer,  San  Francisco,  CaL 

1915  Weston,  Francis  H.,  Columbia,  S.  O. 
1891  Weston,   Robert  Dickson,   Boston.   Ush. 

1911  Weston,  Thomas,  Jr.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1922  Westover,  Hyron,  San  Francisco,  Cat. 
1921  Westwood,  Lewis  C,  Tecuroseh,  Neb. 
%Cfr  Wetherill,  J.  Lawrence,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
1921  Wetmore,  J.   D.,   New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Wetmore,   Z.,    WichiU,   Kan. 

1912  Wetten,  Emil  C,  Chicago.  IlL 

1914  Wetzel,  J.  W.,  Carlisle,  Pa. 

1917  Wetzler,  a   Fred,   New  Hayen,  Conn. 
1919  Wexler.   Harry  C,  Chicago,   HI. 

1915  Weyburn,  Lyon,  Boston.  Mass. 

1922  Weyl,  Bertin  A.,  Los  Angeles,  CaL 

1919  Weyl,  Carl  H.,  Indianapolia,  Ind. 

1913  Weymouth,  John,  Hampton,  Va. 

1921  Wbalen,  Charles  W.,  Dayton,  Ohio. 

1922  Whalen,  James  D.,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 
1907  Whalen,  John,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1918  Whalen,  John  F..  Pottsville,  Pa. 

1913  Whalen,  Robert  E.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
1917  Whaley,    A.,    Andalusia,    Ala. 
1922  Whaley,  Vilas  H.,  Racine,  Wis. 

1919  Whaley,   William,   Charleston.   S.   C. 
1922  Wham,   Benjamin,   Cliicago,  111. 

1921  Wharton,    Charles  S.,   Chicago,   III. 

1922  Whealton.  Louis  N.,  Long  Beach,  Cal. 

1914  Wheat,   Alfred  A..  New  York.  N.   Y. 

1917  Wheat,  Benjamin  P..  Saratoga  Springs, 

N.  Y. 

1920  Wheat,  Renville,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1911  Wheatley,    H.,    Winship.    Washington, 

D.  C. 

1920  Wheaton,  Carl   Crumble,  Cincinnati, 

Ohio. 

1919  Wheeler,   Alexander,   Boston,   Mass. 

1912  Wheeler,  Oiarles  B..  Buffalo.  N.  Y. 
1922  Wheeler,  Cliarles  E.,  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa. 
1906  Wheeler,    Charles   K..    Paducah,    Ky. 
x921  Wheeler,  Charles  S.,  Jr.,  San  Francisco, 

Cal. 

1918  Wheeler,  Charles  Stetson.  San  Francisco, 

Cal. 

1919  Wheeler,  Chauncey  E.,  Providence,  R.  I. 
1922  Wheeler.  Edward  W.,  Brunswick.  Me. 
1922  Wheeler,  Ernest  E.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1879  Wheeler,  Everett  P.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1916  Wheeler,  Frederick  B.,  Pittsburg,  Kansw 
1914  Wheeler,    George   C,    Portland,    Maine. 


BLECTKD 

1914  Wheeler,  George  W.,  Bridgeport,  Oban. 

1912  Wheeler,   Henry,  Boston,   Msaa. 

1922  Wheeler,  Howard,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

1908  Wheeler,  James  B.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 
1916  Wheeler,  James  0.,  Paducah,  Ky. 
1906  Wheelock.   William  W.,   Chicago,   OL 
1906  Wheelwright,  J.  O.   P..   Minncapolii^ 

Minn. 

1912  Whelan,   Charles  E.,  Madison,   Win 

1894  Whelan,  Ralph,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

1904  Wheless,  Joseph,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1914  WhelUe.  John  B.  A.,  Baltlmocv.   Md. 

1922  Wheny,  J.  Frederic,  Newark,  N.  J. 

1916  Whinery,  W.  J.,  Hammond,  Ind. 

1918  Whipple,  ClilTord,  Providence.  R.  L 
1896  Whipple,  Sherman  L.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1928  Whitaker,     Frederick    P.,    New     York. 

N.  Y. 

1921  Whitaker,  Sam  E.,  Ghattanooga,  Tcnn. 

1922  WhiUkre,   George  £.,   Bakecrikeld,   OaL 
1922  Whitoomb,  A.  J.,  Oconto,  Wis. 
1921  Whitcomb,   Lara  A.,   Indianapolis,   Ind. 

1919  White,  Albert  H.,  Manchester,  N.   H. 
1919  White,   Alfred  B.,   Boston,   Ma». 
1980  White,  Alvan  N..  Silver  City,  N     M. 

1918  White,  Burrell  O.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1914  White,  Csrleton  H.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
1982  White,  Carlos  O.,  Oakland,  Oal. 

1921  White,  Ohas.  8.,  Aubudon,  Iowa. 

1922  White,  Oharles  W.,  San  Frandsco.  Oal. 
1922  White,  Clinton  L.,  Sacramento,  OaL 

1919  White,   Coral  B.,  Seattle,  Wash. 

1918  White.  David  M..  Richmond.  V*. 

1916  White.  E.  C,  PocateUo.  Idalw. 

1921  White,  E.  8.,  Harlan,  Iowa. 

1922  White,  Earl  D.,  Oakland,  Oal. 

1921  White,  Edward  H.,  Chicago,  HL 
1911  White,  Edward  J.,  St.  Louis,   Mo. 

1911  White,  Frank  Owen,  Boston,  Uan. 
1910  White,  Frank  8.,  Birmingham,   A  In. 

1909  White,  H.  H.,  Alexandria.  La. 

1920  White.  H.  P.,  Pawhuska,  Okla. 

1919  White,  Harold  F.,   Chicago,   lit 

1921  White,   Harry  L.,   Chicago,    111. 

1922  White,  HertMrt  E.,  Sacramento,  OaL 

1917  White,  Hugh,  Montgomeiy,  Ala. 
1914  White,  J.  Du  Pratt.  New  Yoric,  N.  T. 

1922  White,  ^.  E.,  San  Francisco,  Gal. 

1921  White,  John  B.,  Adel,  Iowa. 

1922  White,  John  B.,  Brooklyn,   N.    Y. 
1921  White,  John  Baker,  Charleston,  W.  Tn. 

1912  White,  John  O.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
1914  White,  Kemble,  Fairmont,  W.  Ta. 

1918  White,  Pierre  A.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1919  White;  Richard  Franklin.  Alexandria,  La. 
1921  White.  Roger  8.,  8d,  New  Haven, 
1901  White,  8.  Harriaon,  Denver,  Colo. 
1919  White,  8.  U,  Uttle  Bock,  Ark. 


ALPHABETICAL  LIST  OF  UBKBEBS. 


875 


HiBCTBD 

1917  White,  Stnniel,   Phoenix,  Arizona. 
1914  White,  Thomas  P.,  Lot  Angeles,  Ctl. 
1022  White,  Thomas  R.,  San  Francisco,  CaL 
1914  White,    Thomas    Raeburn,    Philadelphia, 

Pa. 

1911  White,  Thomas  W.,  St  Louis,  Mo. 

1913  White,  Walter  A.,  Gulf  port.  Miss. 

1922  White,   Warren  R.,  Rock  Rapids,  Iowa. 

1922  White,    WilUam    Cravath,    New    York, 

N.  Y. 

1921  White,     William     Henry,     Washington, 

D.  0. 

1911  White,  William  Henry,  .Tr.,  Washingrton, 

D.  O. 

1918  White.  William  K.,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 
1921  White,  William  W.,  Gering,  Neb. 

1918  White,  Wm.  Wallace,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Whiteford,  Roger  J.,  Washington,  D.  O. 

1921  Whitehead,  A.  D.,  Helena,  Ark. 

1920  Whitehead,   Carle,   Denver,   Colo. 

1914  Whitehead,  Harvey  W.,  Williamsport,  Pa. 
1911  Whitehesd,  John  M.,  Janesville,   Wis. 

1922  Whitehead,   Reah   H.,   Seattle,  Wash. 

1916  Whitehill,  Hibbard  C,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1918  Whitehouse,  Robert  T.,  Portland,  Me. 
1907  Whitehouse,  William  P.,  Augusta.  Maine. 
1911  Whiteside,    Alexander,    Boston,    Mass. 

1921  Whitfield,  Jay  A.,  Ellensburg,  Wash. 
1914  Whitfield.  William  R.,  Albany.  N.  Y. 
1911  Whitford,    Daniel,    New   York,    N.    Y. 
1911  Whiting,    Borden   D.,    Newark.   N.    J. 

1919  Whiting,  Edwin  P.,  Seattle.  Wash. 
1914  Whiting,  F.  Brooke,  Cumberland,  Md. 
1921  Whiting,  Justin  R.,  Jackson,  Mich. 

1921  Whiting,   Randolph   V.,    San   Francisco, 

Oal. 

1919  Whiting,  Winfred  H.,   Worcester,    Maas. 

1919  Whitla,  Ezra  R.,  Ooeur  d'Alene,  Idaho. 

1919  Whitla,  James  P.,  Sharon.  Pa. 

1917  Whitlock,   Albert   Newlon.    Missoula. 

Mont. 

1907  Whitlock,  Victor  E.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Whitman,  Charles  S.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1907  Whitman,   Russell,  Chicago,   111. 

1918  Whitmer,  George  F.,  Clarion,  Pa. 

1922  Whitmore,  Tom  C,  Atlantic,  Iowa. 
1922  Whitnel,  Josiah,  East  St.  Louis.  III. 
1916  Whitnel,  L.  O.,  East  St.  Louis.  HI. 
1918  Whitney.  Francis  N.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1918  Whitney,  Harold  E.,  Brattleboro.  Vt. 

1921  Whitney,  Herbert  P.,  Toledo.  Ohio. 

1922  Whitney,  J.  B..  Harlan,  Iowa. 
1922  Whitney,  J.  S.,  Storm  Lake,  Iowa. 

1920  Whitney,  Louis  B.,  Phoenix,  Ariz. 
1922  Whitney,  Travis  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Whitson.  A.  0.,  Mexico,  Mo. 

1922  Whitson,  Robert,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 
1906  Whitted,  Elmer  E.,  Denyer,  Colo. 


BLBCTEO 

1918  Whittemore,  Clark  McK.,  Elizabeth, 
N.  J. 

1916  Whittemore,  Benry  E.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1886  Whittemore,  James,  Santa  Barbara,  Okl. 

1913  Whittemore,  Laurence  J.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1906  Whittier,  Clarke  B.,  SUnford  University, 
Cal. 

1918  Whittington,  W.  Madison,  Greenwood, 
Miss. 

1922  Whittle,  Albert  L.,   Oakland,  Oal. 

1922  Whittle,  Kenncn  0.,  Martinsville,  Va. 

1912  Whittlesey,  George  P.,  Pasadena,  Oal. 

1911  Whittlesey,  John  J.,  Boston.  Mas. 

1919  Whittlesey,  William  H.,  Seward.  Alas. 
1921  Whitworth.     Horace    P.,     Westemport, 

Md. 

1914  Whybark.  Moaes,  Cape  Girardeau,  Mo. 
1921  Wich,  Margaret  0.,  Quincy.  111. 

1921  Wick,  Paul  R.,  Chicago,  111. 
1914  Wickens,  Hugh,  Greensburg,  Ind. 
1919  Wicker,  John  J.,  Jr.,  Richmond,  Vs. 
19Z1  Wicker,  Seth  J.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
1914  Wickersham,   Cornelius  W.,    New   York, 

N.  Y. 

1922  Wickersham,  Frank  B..  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

1907  Wickersham,  George  W.,  New  York. 
N.  Y. 

1917  Wickes,  Frank  B.,  Tlconderoga,  N.  Y. 
1921  Wicka,  Frederick  D.,  Scotland.  8.  D. 

1912  Wickwire,  Arthur  M.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1921  Wicoir,  John  V.  B.,  Trenton,  N.  J. 

1921  Widdicombe,    Robert   H.,    Chicago,    HL 
1919  Widdows,   A.   M.,   Pawhuska.  Okla. 

1922  Wideman,  JMt>nie  E.,  West  Palm  Beach, 
Fla. 

1918  Wieder,  Herman  A.,  Houghton,  Mich. 
1916  Wiel.  Samuel  C,  San  Francisco,  Cat 

1913  Wiener.  Adam.  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1921  Wiener,  David,  Washington,  D.  O. 
1911  WIer.  Frederick  N..  Lowell.  Mass. 

1922  Wierenga,  H.  G.,  Kansas  City,  Kana. 
1922  Wifvat,  Harry,  Perry,  Iowa. 
1916  Wiget,  Frank  J.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1922  WIggenhom,  R.  G.,  Billings.  Mont 

1914  Wiggin.  F.  H.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 
1914  Wiggin,  Joseph,  Boston,  Mass. 
1913  Wigglesworth,  George.  Boston,  Mass. 
1913  Wight,  Delano,  Boston,  Mass. 

1921  Wight,  James  S.,  Chicago.  HI. 

1922  Wight,  Ralph  H.,  Martinez,  OkL 

1919  WIghtman,  George  W.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1803  Wigmore.  John  H.,  Chicago.  HI. 
1922  Wilbar.  Winfleld  Mason,  Brockton,  Maaa. 
1922  Wilbershide,  J.  C.  Racine,  Wis. 
1922  Wilbur,  Curtis  D.,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 
1921  Wilbur,  George  W.,  Chicago,  111. 
1918  Wilbur.  Walter  B..  Charieston.  &  a 
1921  Wilby,  Joseph,  Cincinnati.  Ohio, 


876 


AMERICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


BLBCTBD 

1916  Wilby,  Mitcben,  ancinnati,  Ohio. 
IttS  Wilcox,  Alfred  N.,  Paulding,  Ohio. 
1880  WUcoz,  Analey.  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
mo  Wilcox.  Clarence  E.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
1922  Wilcox,  Edwin  A.,  San  Jose.  Gal. 

1906  Wilcox,  Elmer  A..  Iowa  City,  Iowa. 

1913  Wilcox,  Nelson  J.,  Chicago,  HI. 
1912  Wilcox,  Roy  Porter,  Eau  Clair.  Wia. 

1921  Wild,  A.  Clement.  Chicago,  HI. 

1922  Wild,  M.  *&.,  Fresno,  Gal. 

1922  Wild,  Urban  Earl,  Honolulu,  Hawaii. 

1921  Wilder,  Frank  L.,  Bridgeport,  Conn. 

1907  Wilder.  William  Royal.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1922  Wildgrube,  H.  J.,  Fresno,  Gal. 

1920  Wilds.  Harrey  B.  M..  Detroit.  Mich. 
1918  Wiler,  Alfred  D.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

1917  Wiles,  George  R.  C.,  Charleston,  W.  Va. 
1911  Wiles.  Thomas  L..  Boston,  Mass. 

1921  Wiley,  Francis  R.,  Decatur.  IlL 

1922  Wiley,  J.  W.,  Bakersfleld.  Gal. 
1917  Wiley,  James  A.,  Washington,  Pa. 

1915  Wiley,  Jesse  C..  Del  Norte.  Colo. 
1917  Wiley,  Merlin,  Unsing.  Mich. 

1911  Wiley.  Robert  E.,  Little  Rook.  Ark. 

1921  Wiley,  Silas  M.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1899  WiUey.  Lebbcus  R.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1900  Wilfley.  Xenophen  P.,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
1904  Wilgus,  Horace  L.,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 

1908  Wilkerson,  James  H.,  Chicago.  111. 

1917  Wilkerson,  John  H.,  Troy.  Ala. 
1910  Wilkes,  George  H.,  Florence,  Colo. 

1914  Wilkie.  John  L.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1921  Wilkie,  Wendell  L.,  Akron.  Ohio. 
1914  Wilkin,  Robert  J.,  Brooklyn.  N.  Y. 

1914  Wilkin,  Robert  N.,  New  Philadelphia. 

Ohk). 

1918  Wilkin,  Wilbur  D..  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1921  Wilkins,   Raymond  S..  Boston,  Mass. 

1922  Wilkinson,  George  L.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1916  Wilkinson,  H.   A.,  Dawson.  Ga. 

1920  Wilkinson.  Ralph  B.,  Detroit.  Mich. 

1921  Wilkinson,  W.  S.,  Shreveport.  La. 

1915  Will,  Arthur  P.,  Loe  Angeles.  Gal. 

1918  Will,  G.  A.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

1919  Willard,  Ben  C,  Miami.  Fla. 

1922  Willard,  Charles  G.,  Brockton.  Mass. 
1922  Willard.  Charles  W..  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
1922  Willard,  Hiram,  Sanford,  Me. 

1918  Willard.  Walter.  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

1921  Willcox,  Donald  D.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

1914  Willcox,  F,  L.,  Florence,  S.  C. 

1921  Willcox.  Julius  A.,  Montpelier,  Vt. 
1918  Willcox,  Thomas  H.,  Norfolk,  Va. 

1922  Willebrandt,    Mabel    Walker,    Washing- 

ton, D.  C. 

1922  Willey,  Frank  A.,  Fresno.  Gal. 

1916  Williams.  A.  S.,  Wilmington.  N.  O. 
1914  Williams,  Al.  F.,  Columbus^  l^uisas, 


■LKCTU) 

1910  Williams, 

1900  Williams, 

1917  Williams, 
1919  Williams, 
1921  Williams, 
1912  Williams, 
1921  Williams, 
1919  Williams, 

1918  Williams, 
1916  Williams, 

1912  Williams, 
1891  Williams, 
1896  Williams, 
1899  Williams, 

1921  Williams, 

1922  Williams, 

1913  Williams. 

1921  Williams, 

1922  Williams, 
1922  WillUms, 
1913  Williams. 

1911  Williams. 

1921  WiUiams, 

1906  Williams, 
1021  Williams. 

1913  Williams, 

1922  Williams, 

1909  Williams, 
1916  Williams, 
1922  Williams, 

1914  Williams, 
D.  C. 

1914  Williams, 

1020  Williams, 

1921  Williams, 

1912  Williams, 

1922  Williams, 

1916  Williams, 
1921  Williams, 

1907  Williams, 

1917  Williams, 

1901  Williama, 

1914  WillUros, 
1916  Williams, 

1902  Williams, 
1921  Williams. 

1921  Williams, 

1918  Williams, 
1906  Williams, 

1913  Williams, 
1916  Williams, 

1910  Williams. 
1906  Williams, 

1922  Williams, 
1918  Williams. 
1918  Williams, 

1915  Williams, 
1922  Williams, 


Arista  B.,  Chicago,  111. 
Arthur  B.,  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 
Auvergne,  Memphla,  Temi. 
Bryan  F.,  Galveston,  Texas. 

0.  Arch,  Chicago,  111. 
C.  B.,  St.  Louis,  Ma 
Charles  A.,  Chicago.  111. 
Charles  F.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
Charles  J.,  Minneapolis.  Minn. 
Clifton,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
David  P.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
David  W.,  Boston,  Msss. 

E.  P.,  Galesburg,  111. 

E.  Randolph,  Richmond,  Vs. 

E.  a.  Los  Angeles,  CaL 
Ednyfed  H.,  Chicago,  III. 
Ellis  D.,  Philadelphia.  Ps. 
Eugene  D.,  Los  Angeles,  Gal. 
Eugene  L.,  Reno,  Nev. 
Evan,  San  Francisco,  OaL 

F.  A.,  Galveston,  Texas. 

Ferdinand,  Cumberland.   Md. 
Floyd  C,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
Frank  B..  New  York.  N.  T. 

Frank  B»,  Springfield,   Mo. 
Fred  H.,  Boston.  Mass. 

Fred  M.,  Spokane,  Wash. 
Frederic  M.,  Waterbury,  Ooob. 
George,  Rapid  City,  8.  D. 
George  E.,  Oshkosh,  Wis. 
George   Francis,    Washington, 

George  Weems,  Baltimore,  Md 
Guy  F.,  LitUe  Rock,  Ark. 
Harold,  ^  Jr.,  Boston,   Mass. 
Harold  P.,  Boston.  Mass. 
Harold  V.,  New  York. 
Harris  F.,  Chicago,  111. 
Henry  A.,  Columbus,  Oblow  ^ 
Henry  D.,   New  York,   N.    T. 
Henry  M.,  Boston.  Mass. 
Henry  W»,  Baltimore.  Md. 

1.  Newton,  New  York.  N.  T. 
I.  R.,  Savannah,  Mo. 

Ira  Jewell,   PhiUdelpUa.    Pa. 
J.   B.,   Ardmore,  Okls. 
J.  Lester,  Chicago,  HI. 
James  A..  Catlettsburg,  Ky. 
James  A..  Spokane,  Wash. 
James  D.,  New  York.  N.  T. 
James  L.,  Indlanola,  Miss. 
Joe  v.,  Chattanooga,  Torn. 
John  O.,  Duluth,  Minn. 
John  T.,  San  Franciaoo.  Ckl, 
Leroy  J.,  Denver,  Colo. 
Lewis  C,  Richmond,  Vs. 
Nathan  B.,  Washington.  Dw  d 
0.  A.,  Nelii^  Nebr, 


ALPHABBTICAL  LIST  OF  ICBMBEBS. 


877 


IBK  WillteiM.  P.  L.,  SaH  Uke  Citj,  Utah. 

1916  Willlaina,  Parker  a,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

IMO  William,  Paul  O.,  Uuakocee,  Okla. 

1021  WilliaiDa,  R.  Oraj,   Winchester,  Va. 

1914  Williams,  Baymond  S.,  Baltimore,  lid. 

1921  Williams,    Robert    B.,    OrawfordsvUle, 

lod. 

1902  Williama,  Robert  L.,  Muskogee,  Okla. 

1921  Williama,  Roger  H..  Mew  York,  N..  T. 

1920  Williams,  Roy  D.,  BoonvlUe,  Ifo. 

1919  Williams.  8.  aay,  Wloston-Salem,  N.  a 

1921  Williams,  8.  B.,  Lynohburg,  Va. 

1906  Williams,  Samuel  Cole.  Emory  Univer- 
dty,  Ga. 

1920  Williams,  Samuel  R..  Detroit.  Mich. 

1921  Williams,  Simon  F..  Jackaonrille,  Fla. 

1890  Williams,  Stevenson  A.,  Bel  Air,  lid. 
1918  Williams,  Thonus  S.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 
1912  Williama,  lyrrell,  St  Louis,  llo. 

1918  Williams,  Wendell,  Milford.  Maas. 

1921  Williams,  Wm.  Elaa,  Pittsileld.  HI. 

1908  Williams,  William  H..  Derby.  Conn. 

1911  Williams,  William  Leigh.  Norfolk.  Va. 

1920  WilliamsoD,  Albert,  Kennebec,  S.  D. 

1912  Williamson.  Charles  J.,  Washington, 

D.  C. 

1922  Williamson,  Clifton  P.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1918  Williamson,  George  N.,  Aberdeen,  a  D. 

1921  Williamson,  J.  Kenneth,  Xenia,  Ohio. 
1912  Williamson,  James  D.,  W^aco,  Texas. 
1906  Williamson,   James  F.,   Minnes polls. 

Minn. 

1911  Williamson,  John  I.,  Kansas  City.  Mo. 

1920  Williamson,  Lamar,  Monticello,  Ark. 
1918  Williamson.  Pliny  W..  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1921  Williamson,   Ralph   B.,    Yakima.    Wash. 
1921  Williamson,  Thos.,  Edwardsville.  111. 
1914  WilHngham,  Wright,  Rome,  Ga. 

1921  Willis,  Frank  B..  Waahlngton,  D.  O. 

1922  Willis,  Prank  R.,  Los  Angeles,  Cat. 
1921  Willis,  Bugh  B.,  Grand  Forks,  N.  D. 

1912  Willis.  John  W..  St  Paul.  Minn. 
1921  Willis,  Luther  M.  R.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

1909  Willis,  M.  H.,  New  Martinsville.  W.  Va. 
1914  Willie,  Simeon  S.,  Ashland,  Ky. 

1891  Williston,  Samuel  (Cambridge.   Maaa.) 

Belmont,  Mass. 

1918  Willmonton.   George  B.,   Manchester, 

Mass. 

1921  Willmott,  John  W.,  Wewoka,  Okla. 

1916  Wins,  T.  J..  Hattiesburg,   Hiss. 

1920  Willy.  Roy  Earle.  Platte,  S.  D. 

1897  Wilmer,  L.  Allison,  Leonardtown.  Md. 

1921  Wilmsen,  Barry  W.,- Mcintosh,  8.  D. 
1914  Wilson.  Albert  L.,  Kansas  City.  Mo. 
1921  Wilson,    Albion   B.,   Hartford,   Conn. 
1918  Wilson,   Allan  M.,  Manchester.   N.   B. 
1912  Wilson,  Andrew,  Washington,  D.  O. 


1917  Wilson,  Andrew.  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1911  Wilson,  Butler  R.,  Boston,  Mass. 

1914  WUaon,  C.  Franklin,  Morriatown,  N.  J. 

1916-  Wilson,  C.  J.,  Washington,. Iowa. 

1922  Wilson,  Oarl  M..  Superior,  Wis. 

1906  Wilson,  Oephas  Love,  Marianna,  Fla. 

1906  Wilson,  Charlea  A.,  Prwidenoe.  R.  L 
1921  Wilson,  Charles  B.,  Jr.,  Pawhuaka,  Okla. 
1916  WUaon,  Charles  Birge,  Plagstair,  Aria. 
1921  Wilson,  Charles  C,  Meade,  Kan. 

1914  Wilson,  Charlea  F.,  Washington,  D.  a 

1904  Wilson,  Clarence  R.,  Waahlngton,  D.  a 

1921  Wilson,   B.   B.,  Jefferson,  Iowa. 

1918  Wilson,  E.  B.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Wilson,  E.  B.,  Conrallis,  Ore. 

1922  Wilson,  Edgar  M.,  San  Francisoo,  Oal. 

1907  Wilson,  Edmund,  Red  Bank.  N.  J. 
1922  WUaon,  EUis  E.,  Waterioo,  Iowa. 
1921  Wilaon,  Emmet  H.,  Los  Angeles,  Oat 
1918  Wilson,  Eugene  8.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1921  WOson,  Floyd  A.,  Saginaw,  Mich. 
1911  Wilson,  Francis  C,  Ssnta  Fe,  N.  M. 
1921  Wilson,  Francis  M.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

1916  Wilson,  George  B.,  Qulncy.  lU. 

1911  Wilson,  George  L..  Bostoq.  Mass. 

1918  Wilson,  George  T.,  Breckenridge,  Texas. 

1921  Wilson,  H.  J.,  Haclehurtt,  Mias. 

1922  Wilson,  Harold  J,.  Burlington, .  Iowa. 
1922  Wilaon,  Harry  L.,  BiBings,  Mont 
1892  Wilson.  Hemy  H..  Lincoln,  Nebr. 

1917  Wilson.  Henry  L.  Big  Run.  Pa. 

1920  Wilson,  Horace  Sandes,  Los  Angeles,  Gat 

1921  Wilson,  J.  R.,  Wsrren,  Ark. 

1920  Wilson.  Jsmes  G..  Portland,  Ore. 

1912  Wilson,  John,  Bangor.  Maine. 

1918  Wilson.  John  P.,  Columbus,  Ohiow 
1916  Wilson,  John  R.^  Bainbridge,  Georgia. 

1922  Wilson,  John  Ralph,  San  Frandsoo,  Oal. 
1918  Wilson,  Joseph  R.,  PhiladelpUa,  Pa. 

1910  Wilson,  Julian  C,  Memphis,  Temu 

1921  Wilson.  Leon  T.,  Chicago,  111. 
1921  Wilson,  Louis  &,. Raton,  N.  Mex. 
1921  Wilson,  Ludwig  M.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
19U  Wilaon,    Mahlon  B.',   Salt  Lake  City, 

Utah. 

1918  Wilson,  Mountford  S.,  San  Francisoo. 

Ckl. 

1878  Wilson,  Nsthaniel,  Washington,  D.  O. 

1918  Wilson,  Percy,  Silver  City,  N.  M. 

1921  Wilson,   Ralph  P..   Lincoln,   Neb. 

1913  Wilson,  Robert  H..  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

1914  Wilson.  S.   P..  Nashville,  Tenn. 
1912  Wilson,  Samuel  M.,  Lexington,  Ky. 
1921  Wilson,  Solon  G.,  Bartow,  Fla. 
1921  Wilson,  SUnley  C,  Chelsea,  Vt 
1907  Wilson.  Virgil  X3..  Portlsnd,  Maine. 

1911  Wilson,  W.  P.,  Oklahoma  aty,  Okla. 
1921  Wilaon,  Wax^en  B.,  Chicago,  BL 


878 


AMERICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


BLBCTBD 

1622    WilaoB,  Wftync  T.,  Reno,  Ner. 

1921  Wilson,   William  H.,  Lowell,  Mam, 

1918  Wilaon,  William  O.,  Caaper.  Wyo. 

1914  WilaoB,  WlUiam  R.,  Elizabeth,  N.  J. 

1915  Wilaon,  William  T.,  Jackaonyille,  HI. 
1894  Wilaon,  Woodrow,  Waahington,  D.  O. 
ua  Wilweracheidf  Norbert,  at  Paul,  Minn. 

1919  Winch,  liouia  H«,  Cleveland,  Ohioi 
1917  Wineheater,  Lae,  Memphia,  Tenn. 

1922  Winder,  A.  Heber,  Rivenide.  OaL 
1908  Windera,  C.  H.,  Seattle,  Waah. 
1921  Windca,  Dudley  W.,  Tempe,  Aria. 
1908  Wlndea,  Thomaa  Q.,  Chicago,  IlL 

1917  Windolph,  F.  Lyman,  Lancaster,  Pa. 
1908  Wineman,  Jacob  B.,  Grand  Porka,  N.  D. 
1921  Winer,  Aaron,  Olarkaburg,  W.  Va. 
1921  Wineteer,  Oharlea  O.,  Springfield,  III. 

1916  Winfree,  A.  B.,  Portland,  Oregon. 
1907  Wing,  George  CL,  Auburn,  Maine. 
1806  Wing.  Heniy  T.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1921  Wing,  Leonard  P.,  Rutland,  Vt 
1022  Wing,  Thomaa  E.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1918  Wingmte,  William  W.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1920  Winger,  Maurice  H..  Kanaaa  City,  Mo. 

1921  Wingert,  Edward  E.,  Dixon,  HI. 
1911  Wingfleld,  Guatavua  A.,  Roanoke,  Ta. 

1921  Winkelman,  Albert  T.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1918  WmUer,  Max  H.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1919  Winn,  Robert  H.,  Mt  SterUng,  Ky. 

1922  Winnek,  E.  V.,  San  Diego,  Oal. 

1920  Winaett.  Alfred  Irl,  Tucaon.  Aria. 

1921  Winalow,  Henry  J.,  Boaton,  MaaL 

1906  Winalow,  WUliam  Bererly,  New  Yoik. 

N.  Y. 
1918    Winatead,  George  W.,  St  Louia,  Mo. 
1918    Wineton,  Charlea  H.,  Kanaaa  City.  Mo. 

1917  Winaton,  Prancia  D.,  Windaor,  N.  O. 

1918  Winaton,  Garrard  B.,  Chicago,  111. 
1917    Winaton,  Geddea  H.,  Richmond.  Va. 

1921  Winaton,  Harry  L.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

1916  Winaton,  James  H.,  Chicago,  111. 
19U  Winaton,  R.  W.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

1917  Winter,  Charles  E.,  Casper,  Wyo. 

1907  Winterateen,  Abram  H.,  Philadelphia. 

Pa. 

1914  Winthrop,  Bronaon,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Winthrop,     Grenville    B..     New    York. 

N.  Y. 
1921    Wirth,  Frederick,  Jr.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1915  Wiadom,  Frank,  Bedford,  Iowa. 

1918  Wlae,  O.  8.,  Akron,  Ohio. 

1907  Wise,  Edmond  E.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1911  Wise,  Hemy  A.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1911  Wise.  Henry  M.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1916  Wise,  Jamea  H.,  Twin  Falla.  Idaho. 

1920  Wiae,  Jennings  Gkopper,   Waahiagton, 

D.   C. 

1921  Wiae.  HiiUp  0.,  8t  Louis,  Mo. 


BLEOTBD 

1922  Wia^  WiUiam  F.,  Pittaborgh,  Ft. 

1922  Wiaeman,  Adolph  H.,  Seattle,  Waah. 

1904  Wializenua,  Frederick  A.,  gt.  Louia,  M«. 

1920  Wiamer.  Otto  G.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
1918  Wianer,  Carl  V.,  Chicago,  IlL 

1918  Wiailer,  E.  A.,  Carroll.  Iowa. 

1921  Wiseman,    Leonard,    Qiicago,    IlL 

1919  Wistner,  Vernon  J.,  Port  Arthur,  Texasi 
1918  Withers,  Robert  O.,  Reno,  Nevada. 

1916  Withenpoon,  A  W..  Spokane.  Waah. 
1921  Witherspoon,  Walter  M..  FoatoriA,  Ohio. 
1021  Withgott,  J.   D.,  Chillicothe,  Ohio. 

1920  Withington,   Arthur,   Honolulu,   Hawaii. 

1921  Withington,  Lothrop,  Boston,  Maaa. 
1878  Withrow,  Jamea  E..   St    Louia,   Mo. 
1918  Witte,  Herman  J.,  New  York,  N.  T. 

1922  Witten,  C.  L.,  San  Jose,  Cal. 
1921  Witthaua,  John  A.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1918  Wittkowaky,  L.    A.,   Camden,  S.   O. 

1921  Wittmeyer,  Oustave,  Jr.,  Chicago,  m. 

1922  Wittachen,  T.  P.,  Oakland,  Oil. 

1915  Witty,    W.    H..    Pocatello,    Idaha 
19U  Woemer,  William  F..  St.  Loute.   Mo. 

1921  Woeste,  Joseph  H.,  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 

1922  Woffard,  Columbus  M.,  Van  Buren.  Ark. 
1922  Wolber,  Joseph  G.,  Newark,  N.  J. 

1909  Woloott,   Frank  T..    New   York,   N.    T. 

1917  Wolcott,  Harry  K.,  Norfolk,  Vs. 

1918  Wolcott,    Josiah    O..    Dover,    DeL 
1922  Wolcott,  Oliver,  Boston,  Masa. 

1920  Wolcott,  Ralph  S.,  New  York,  N.   T. 

1918  Wolcott,  Roger  H.,  Denver,  Cola 

1919  Woley,  James  D.,  Chicago,  IlL 
1918  Wolf,   Adolph  G.,   San  Juan,   P.    R. 

1920  Wolf,  Alexander,  Chicago,  111. 

1921  Wolf,    Alexander,    Waahbigton,   D.    OL 

1910  Wolf,  Benjamin  Y.,  New  Orleans.  La. 
1914  Wolf,  Conrad,  Kokomo,  Ind. 

1921  Wolf,  Franda  A.,  Pittaburgfa,  Penn. 

1898  Wolf,  OuaUve  A.,  Grand  Rapids,  Midi. 

1918  Wolf,   Henry  Milton,  Chicago,   lU. 

1912  Wolf.  Morria,  PhiladelphU,  Pa. 

1918  Wolf,   Ralph,   New  York,   N.   Y. 

1918  Wolf,  Samuel,  New  Orleana,  La. 

1921  Wolf,   Walter  B.,   Chicago.   IIL 

1921  Wolfe,  Arthur  R.,  Chicago,  IlL 

1921  Wolfe.   C.    Dale,    Wewoka,   Okla. 

1916  Wolfe,  George  E..  Johnatown.   Pn. 
1921  Wolfe,*  Hany  M.,   Dayton.  Ohio. 
1914  Wolfe,  Isaac,  New  Haven,  Cout 

1916  Wolfe,  James  H.,  Salt  Uke  City.  Utah. 

1921  Wolfe,  John  W.,  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 

1921  Wolfe,   ''.  B.,  Clinton,  Iowa. 

1922  Wolfe,  R.  N.,  Pittsburg,  Cal. 

1920  Wolfe,  Samuel   M.,  Columbia,  a  Q. 

1904  Wolfe,  William  H.,  Parkersburg,  W.  ¥a. 

1914  Wolfenbarger,  A.  O.,  Lincoln,  Nebr. 

1922  Wolfes,  Charles  A..  Fort  Payne,  Ala. 


ALPHABETICAL  LIST  OF  MBHBEB8. 


879 


KLSCTBD 

1922  Wolff,  Harry  K.,  San  Franciaco,  Oal. 

1920  Wolff.  Henry  J.,  New  York,  N.  T. 
1915  Wolff.  Mervjn.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1912  Wolff,  Oscar  U.,  Oiica^.  HI. 

1921  Wolfaon.  Julian  A..  Manila.  P.  I. 

1921  Wolfstein.  Samuel.  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

1922  WoUewn.  W.  D..  Chicago,  111. 
1806  Wollman.  Henry.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1913  Wolters,   Jacob   P..  Bouaton,  T^xai. 
1922  Woltz.  A.  B..  Oastonia,  N.  O. 

1906  Wolverton.  Charlei  E.,  Portland.  Ore. 

1914  Womack,.  G.   P.,  Duncan,  Okla. 
1921  Wombacher.  Q.  P..  Maacoutah.  111. 

1918  Womble.  B.  &.  Winston-Salem.  N.  a 
1921  Wonnell.  Harry  8..  Hamilton.  Ohio. 

1920  Wood.  Carroll  D..  Little  Bock,  Ark. 

1915  Wood.  Chandler  M..  Beaton.  Maaa. 
1912  Wood.    Edgar   L..    Milwaukee.    Wia. 
19n  Wood.  Frank  E..  Cincinnati.  Ohio. 

1919  Wood,  Franklin  N.,  Chicago.  HL 
19Q6  Wood,    Fremont.   Boiie.    Idaho. 

1921  Wood.  Hunter.  Hopkinsrille.  Ky. 
1912  Wood.  John  J..  Berlin.  Wia. 
1900  Wood.  John  M.,   St.   Louis,  Mo. 

1922  Wood.  John  Perry.  lioa  Angeles,  Cal. 
1911  Wood.  L.   Elmer,  Fall  Blyer.  Masa. 

1920  Wood.  Myrtle  B.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1922  Wood,  Owen  J.,  Topeka,  Kana. 

1921  Wood.  Roger  B.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1904  Wood.  Sol  A..  Port  Wayne.   Ind. 

1906  Wood.  Sterling  A..  Birmingham,  Ala. 

1911  Wood,  Sterling  M.,  Billinga.  Mont 

1916  Wood.  W.  W.,  Rumanaville.  Mo. 

1921  Wood.  William  Allen.  Indianapolla,  Ind. 

1921  Wood.  William  O..  Chicago.  HI. 

1921  Wood.  William  L.,  Kansas  City,  Kan. 

1921  Woodall.  Wm.  Manrin,  Birmingham.  Ala. 
1914  Woodard.  John  E..  Wilson,  N.  a 

1912  Woodard.  William  H..  Watertown,  Wis. 

1917  Woodbuni.    William.    Reno.    Ner. 

1922  Woodcock.   A.  W.  W..  Salisbury.  Md. 
1916  Woodcock.  W.  I..  Hollidaysburg.  Pa. 
1922  Woodhull.  Proat.  San  Antonio.  Texas. 
1921  Wooding.  Harry.  Jr..  Danville.  Va. 

1918  Woodland,  Frank  H.,  Omaha.   Nebr. 
1921  Woodley.  O'eorge  N..  Portland.  Oreg. 

1907  Woodman,  Albert  &.  Portland.  Maine. 
1886  Woodman.  Edward.  Portland,  Maine. 
1921  Woodmansee.  D.  D.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
1911  Woodrough,  Joseph  W..  Omaha,  Nebr. 
1900  Woodruff,  Charles  M.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
lOOS  Woodruff,  Clinton  Rogers,  PhiladelphU, 

Pa. 

lOU  Woodruff,  George  H..  Lea  An~*lea.  Cal. 

1878  Woodruff.  George  M..  Litchfield.   Conn. 

lOfO  Woodniff.  Jamea  P.,  Litchfield.  Conn. 

1018  Woodruff,  Robert  J.,  New  Raven.  Cbnn. 

ion  Woodnm.  OUfton  A..  Roanoke.  Va. 


BLBCTCD 

1917  Woods,  Albert  F.,  Marion,  a  a 
1886  Woods,  Charles  A..   Marion,  8.  CI 

1918  Woods,  Ohaa.  H..  Chicago,  III. 
1907  Woods,  Edgar  H..  Pageville,  Ky. 

1921  Wooda.  Edward  O..  Chicago,  HL 
1909  Woods,  J.  B.,  Corsicaaa,  Texas. 
1806  Woods.  John  Garter  Brown.  Prorldenea, 

B.  L 

1912  Woods.  John  M..  Martlnabarg.  W.  Va. 

1920  Wooda.  John  Powell,  Fbrt  Smith.  Ark. 
1917  Wooda.  M.  C.  Marion,  a  O. 
1911  Woods,  Sam  B.,  Jr..  New  Yoik,  N.   Y. 
1917  Woods.  Samuel  V.  Philippi.  W.  Va. 

1922  Woods.  Weighstm.  Chicago.  HI. 

1921  Woods.  William  B..  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

1913  Woods,  William  S.,  Taunton,  Mass. 
1917  Woodville,  J.  L.  Warren,   New  Orleans. 

La. 

1917  Woodville,   John  A,   New  Orlesns,   La. 

1921  Woodward,  Ernest.  LouisviUe.  Ky. 
1902  Woodward,  Frederic  C,  Chicago,  HL 

1920  Woodward.  William  H..  St  Louia,  Mo. 

1918  Woodworth.  Edward  K..  Concord,  N.  B. 

1922  Woodworth.  Harry  L.,  Ipswich,  S.  D. 

1921  Wooledge.  Gains  S.,  Minot.  N.  D. 
1920  Woolf,  Charlea.  Tempe.  Aria. 

1922  WooUey.  Arthur.  Ogden.  Utah. 
1916  Woolley.  Clarence  N..  Pawtucket,  B.  L 

1918  Woolley,  George  I.,  Brooklyn,*  N.  Y. 
1922  Woolley,  J.  E.,  Fresno.  Cal. 

1914  Woolley.  Victor  B..  Wilmington.  Del. 

1920  Woolridge.  W.  T.,  Pine  Bluff.  Art. 

1916  Woolaey.  John  M..  New  York.  N.   Y. 
1894  Woolaey,  Theodore  a.  New  Haven.  Conn. 

1921  Woolverton.    William  H..   Birmingham, 
Ala. 

1921  Woolwine,  Clare.  Loa  Angeles.  Cal. 

1922  Wooten.  Dudley  O..  Seattle.  Waah. 

1919  Wootton.  E.  H..  Hot  Springs.  Ark. 

1911  Worcester,  Edwin  D..  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1921  Worcester.  Theodore.   Aurora.   HI. 

1920  Word.  Roscoe.  KnoxviUe,  Tenn. 

1922  Work.  George  A..  Sacramento.  Oil. 
1898  Work.  James  C.  Uniontown,  Pa. 
1896  Works.  John   D.,  Los   Angeles.  GaL 

1921  Worley.  John  B..  Osdiz,  Ohio. 

1922  Worlock.  Montague  H.,  Kearney,  Nebr. 
1914  Worman,  Philip  H.,  Dayton.  Ohio. 

1920  Wormser.  L  Maurice,  New  York.  N.  Y. 
1914  Wormser.  Leo  P..  Chicago,  111. 

1921  Worrell,  George.  Poughkeepaie.  N.  Y. 
1921  Worrell.  Grover  C,  Mullens,  W.  Va. 

1912  Woraham,  John  C,  Henderson,  Ky. 
1919  Worstell.  Harrold  E.,  Wallace,  Idaho. 

1917  Wortendyke.    Rynier  J..   Jersey  City, 
N.  J. 

1918  Worthington.  A.  Saunders  P..  West  Fftllc 

CSmrch.  Va. 


880 


AMERICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


BLBCTID 

1921  Worthington,    Oeorgt    £••    New    York, 

1886  Worthington,  William,  Cincinnati,  OhiOb 

1917  Worthwine,  O.  W.,  Boise.  Idaho. 

1921  Wortliy,  0.  C,  Hardin.  111. 

1922  Woten,  John  W.,  San  Pranciaco,  Oal. 

1920  W07,  John  M.,  Telluride.  Colo. 

1919  Woaencraft,  Frank   W.,  Dallas,  Tex. 

1921  Wray.  Don  C.  Chicago,  111. 

1916  Wiay,  J.  Bailey,  KnoxviUe,  Tenn. 
1919  Wren,  Tbomaa  H.,  Okemah,  Oklft. 

1922  Wretman,  N.  E.,  San  Joae,  Oal. 

1918  Wright.   Alfred,  Loa  Angeles,  Cal. 
1918  Wright.   Allen,   McAlcster,  Okla. 
1918  Wright.  Allen  Q.,  San  Francisco,  CaL 
1921  Wright,   Arthur.   Los  Angelca,   Oil. 

1911  Wright.  Arthur.  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1906  Wright,  Arthur  W.,  Austin,  Minn.    . 

1917  Wright,  Austin  Tappan.  San  Francisco, 

Cal. 

1909  Wright.  Barry,  Rome,  Ga.   . 

1921  Wright.  Hartley  J.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1922  Wright.  Benson,  Caraon  City.  Nev. 
1922  Wright,  Boardman.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

1921  Wright,      Daniel     Thew,      Washington, 

D.  O. 

1918  Wright,  Edward  R.,  SanU  Fe.  N.  H. 
1914  Wright.    Edwin    O.,    BockviUe    Centre, 

N.  Y. 

1916  Wright.  Fred.  A..  Omaha,  Nebr. 

1922  Wright,  Fred  B.,  Minneapolis.  Uinn. 
1914  Wright.  George  R.,  Wilkes-Barre,  Pa, 
1914  Wright,  Georgs  S.,   Dallas,  Texas. 
1921  Wright,  George  Thomaa,  San  Francisco. 

Osl. 

1916  Wright, .  Gifford  K.,   Pittsburgh.   Pa. 

1921  Wright,  Hamilton,  Blackfoot.  Ida. 

1916  Wright,   Harry   M..  San  Francisco,  Oal. 

1922  Wright,   Howard  W.,  Los  Angeles,  Oal. 

1917  Wright,  Isaac  C.   Wilmington,  N.  C. 
1922  Wright.  J.  Merrill.  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

1916  Wright.  J.    Purdon,   Baltimore,   Md. 

1910  Wright,  James  B..  Knoxville,  Tenn. 

1919  Wright,  James  F.,   Noriolk,   Va. 

1918  Wright,  John  H..  Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 
1928  Wright,  Leroy  A.,  San  Diego,  Cal. 

1919  Wright,    Lucian    B..    Sapulpa.   Okla. 

1917  Wright,   R.    Lee,    Salisbury.    N.   0. 
1922  Wright,  R.  H.,  Fort  Dodge.  Iowa. 
1922  Wright,  R.  M..  San  Joae,  Cal. 
1914  Wright,  T.   A..  Knoxville,  Tenn. 

1918  Wright,    W.    A.,    San    Angelo,    Tex. 
1918  Wright,  Wendell  J.,  Harkensack,   N.  J. 

1912  Wright,   William   B..   Effingham.   111. 
1906  Wrightington,    a    R..    Boston,    Mass. 

1920  Wrinkle,   John  S.,    Chattanooga.   Tenn. 

1921  Wrynn.  William  F..  Wallingford,  Conn. 

1921  Wurster,    Henry  L.,    Chicago,    111. 

1922  Wnrtele,  Edward  C,  Chicago,  IlL 


ILBCTBD 

900  Wuraer,  F.   Henry,   Detroit,  Mich. 

909  Wurser,   Louis  C   Detroit,   Mich. 

921  Wyatt,  Dillard  H.,   Roswell,  N.  Mex. 

920  Wy brant,  O.  C,  Woodward,  Okla. 

921  Wyckoff,  Hubert  O.,  Wataonville,  Oal. 

911  Wyckoff,  J.  Edwards,  New  York,  N.  T. 

922  Wycoff,  F.  F.,  Stanley,  N.  D. 

920  Wylder,  L.  Newton.  Kansas  aty.  Mo. 

921  Wyllie,  Alfred  S.,  Greensboro,  N.  0. 
909  Wyman,    Harry   C,    Boise,    Idaho. 

1894  Wyman,   Henry  A.,  Boston,   Mass. 

916  Wyman,  John  P.,   Boston,  Mass. 

918  Wyman,  Louis  E.,  Manchester,  N.   H. 
921  Wyman,    Vincent   D.,    Chicago,   111. 

921  Wynne,  Heloise,  Chicago,  Dl. 
915  Wynne,   Kenneth,   New   Haven,   Conn, 

919  Wynne,  T.  D.,  Fordyce.   Ark. 
914  Wyvell,  Manton  M.,  Washington.  D.  a 
914  Yager,   Albert  B.,  Lemmon.  S.   D. 

922  Yale,  Margeret  D.,  Burbank,  Oal. 
918  Yancey,   George  W.,   Birmingham,   Ala. 
921  Yankauer,  Alfred,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
921  Yankey,  Charles  G.,  Wichita,  Kan. 

921  Yantis.  Samuel  S.,  Lexington,  Ky. 

918  Yates,   Clyde    Raymond,   New  Haren, 
Conn.. 

922  Yates,  J.  F.,  Oonrallia,  Ore. 
921  Yeager,  J.  F.,  Zamboanga,  P.  I. 
907  Yeaman,    James   M.,    Henderson,    Ky. 

920  Yeaman,  Malcolm,  Henderson,  Ky. 

921  Yeatman,     Rudolph     H.,     Washington, 
D.  0. 

921  Yehle,  Leo  J.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

912  Yelland,   Judd,   Escanaba,   Mich. 
920  Yeomans,  Edward  M.,  Hartford,  Cona. 
920  Yeomans,  M.  J.,  Dawson,  Ga. 
920  Yerger,  Campbell,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

922  Yerkes,  Damon  G.,  Jacksonville,   Fla. 
909  Yerkes,  George  B.,  Detroit,   Mich. 

912  Yockey,  Chauncey  W.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

920  Yokom,  Ford  M.,  Detroit.  Mich. 
914  Yonge,  J.  £.  Davis,  Pensacola,  Fla. 

919  Yont,  Alonzo  E.,  Boston,  Mass. 

921  Yoran,  M.  J.,  Manchester.  Iowa. 
921'  York,  C.  A,,  Hig"h  Point,  N.  O 
022  York,  John  T.,  Napa,  Gal. 

921  York,  Roscoe'T.,  ScottsblufT,  Neb. 

922  York,  Waldo  Marvin,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
919  Yoat,   George  S.,   Baltimore.   Md. 
899  Youmana,  Frank  A..  Fort  Smith,  Ark. 

913  Young,   A.'   L.,   Winthrop,   Minn. 

917  Young,   Arthur  R.,   Charleston,  8L   C 
919  Young,   B.   L.,   Boston,  Mass. 
913  Ypu^,  C.  L.|  Bismarck,  N.  D. 
922  Young,  Charles,  Jeney  City,  N.  J. 

921  Young,  Charles  R.,  Chicago,  IlL 

922  Young,  E.  R.,  Los  Angeles,  CaL 
1906  Young,  Edward  B.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 


ALPHABETICAL  LIST  OF  HBMBEBS. 


881 


■LMTU) 

1918  Yoaog,  Edwin  P.,  Towanda,  Pa. 
1911  Young,   George  B.,   Montpelier,    Vt. 
1914  Young,  Henry,  Jr.,  Newark.  N.  J. 

1919  Young,  Hobart  P.,  Chicago,  111. 
1911  Young,  J.    P.,   Memphis,  Tenn. 
1918  Young,  John  E.,  Exeter.   N.   IL 
19Z1  Young,  Lawrence  A.,  Chicago,  III. 
19SE1  Young,  Lyndol  L,  Lob  Angeles,  Oal. 
1922  Young,  Margaret,  Forsyth,  Mont. 
1918  Young,  Milton  K..  Loe  Angeles,  CaL 
1900  Young,   Newton  C.   Fargo,    N.   D. 
1921  Young,  O.  E.,  Georgetown,  Ohio. 
1918  Young,  Oscar  L.,  Lacooia,  N.  H. 
1911  Young,  Owen  D.,  New  York,  N.   Y. 

1916  Young,   Has.  Longriew,  Texaa. 

.    1918  Young,   Raymond  G.,   Omaha,  Nebr. 

1920  Young,  Robert  S.,  Knoxrille,  Tenn. 
1911  Young,  Stephen  E.,  Boston,  Mass. 
1914  Young,   Stuart  A.,   Newark.   N.   J. 

1918  Young.  Taylor  R..  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
19Z1  Young.  Thomas  J.,  Chicago.  111. 

1917  Young,  Truman  Post,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
1917  Young,  U.  G.,  Buckhannon,  W.  Va. 
1914  Yotmg.  W.  E.,  Akron.  Ohio. 

1913  Young,  William  P.,  Pottstown,-  Pa. 

1919  Yoang.  WiUian  Wallace,  New  York. 

N.  Y. 

1917  Young,    Willinm   Waller,    New  Orleans, 

La. 

1911  Youngman.    William    8.,    Boston,    Mass* 

1911  Zabriskie,   George,    New  York,   N.    Y. 

1928  Z»cbariM,  Isidore  A,  Jacksonville,  FU. 


ILKCTED 

19u8  Zane,  John  M.,  Chicago,  HI. 

1917  Zaring,   Clarence  A.,  ^Basin,   Wyo. 

1922  Zayas,   Rafael  Rivera,  San  Juan,  P.   R. 

1922  Zieser,  Julius  A.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1898  Zeisler.  Sigmund.  Chioago,  IIL 

1921  Zelenko,  Jacob.  New  York,   N.  Y. 

1919  Zeman.  Anton  T.,  Chicago,  111. 

1917  Zeppenfeld,   Robert  M.,  St.    Louis,   Ho. 

1918  Zesiger,    E.    E.,    Akron,    Ohio. 
1921  Zetterholm,   Maurice  E.,  Oglesburg.  HI. 
1918  Zevely,  J.  W.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

1921  Ziegler,  Irving  E.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Ziegler,  laidor,  Omaha,  Neb. 

1921  Zielonka.    Saul,    Cincinnati.   Ohio.    * 
1912  Zillman,  ChristUn  C.   H  ,  Chicago.  111. 

1922  Zimmerman,  Arthur  A.,  Waterloo,  Iowa. 
1918  Zimmerman.   Dennis,  Tulia,  T'^xaa. 

1921  Zimmerman,  E.  A.,  Chicago,  111. 
1912  Zimmerman,    S.    R.,    Lancaster.    Pa. 

1922  Zimmerman,  Thomas  L.,  Jr.,  New  York, 
N.  Y. 

1921  Zinke,  Alexander  U.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

1922  Zion,  Edwin  H.,  Modesto.  Cal. 
1922  ZoUne,  Elijah  N.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
1922  ZoUicolfer,  Jere  Perry,  Henderson,  N.  0. 
1011  Zollman,  F.   W.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
1921  Zook,  Edgar  T.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
1910  Zmnbalen,  Joseph  H.,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
1910  Zumbninn.   William   F.,   Kansas  City, 

Mo. 

1990  Zweog,  Charles  A.,  Bloomington,  QL 


<     I    I 


STATE  LIST  OF  MEMBERS  BY  CITIES  AND  TOWNS 

1922-1923. 


Albany  ('Morgan) 

tl981    Almon,  David  C. 
1021    Chenault,  Q.  O. 
1916    Eyster,  John  0. 
1021    Price,  C.  L. 
1021    Tidwell.  Tennis 

Aaialuaia  (Oovington) 
-1017   Whaley,  A. 

Anniiton  (Calhoun) 

lOU  Acker»  William  P. 

1018  Agree,  A.  P. 

1921  Bibb,  John  D. 

1921  Blackmon,  Rom 

1021  Lapsley,  Rutherford 

1021  Lilea,  Luther  B. 

1021  Mathews,    James   Foucbe 

1021  Sterne,  Neal  P. 

Bay  XiBdttd  (Baldwin) 

1021    Moorer,  Henry  D. 
1021    Stone,  Norbome  O. 

Bdfsuaer  (Jefferson) 
lOlS    Welch,  W.  S. 

Blrmlufham  (JefTerson) 

1021  Abercrombie,   Henry  M. 

1021  Baldwin,  Mortimer  M. 

1021  Black,  Hugo  L. 

1021  Bondurant,    Oeorge    Per- 
kins 

1014  Bradley,  Lee  0. 

1906  Cabaniss,  E.  H. 

1916  Calhoun,  Charles  A. 

1011  Coleman,  Phares 

1021  Evans,   Richard  V. 

1914  Onibb,  WillUm  L 

1921  Haley,  L.  B. 

1921  Haley,  L.  J. 

1914  Harsh,  Griffith  R. 

1912  Howze,  Henry  R. 

1921  Judge,  Thomas  J. 

1921  Lamar,  Theodore  J. 


BlTmiAfbam  (Jefferson) 
Cont'd 

1921  Lamkin,  OrifBn 
1021  Leader,  Benjamin 
1014  McArthur,   Frank  D. 

1918  McO^ossin,  WiUiam  P. 
1908  Martin,  Thomas  W. 
1014  Martin,   William  L. 

1922  Moore,   Frederick  O. 
1914  Morrow,  Hugh 

1921  Nesmith.  C.  C. 

1921  Oberdorfer,  A.  Leo 

1906  O'Neal,  Emmett 

1921  Pritchard.  WilUam  8. 

1919  Ritter,   COaode   D. 

1912  Rudulph,  Z.  T. 
1910  Sims,  Henry  Upson 

1918  Smith,  Robert  E. 
1908  Stokely,  J.  T. 
1921  Stone,  John  8. 

1919  Thompson,  R.  Dupont 
1906  Tillman,  John  P. 
1921  Ullman,  M.   M. 

1921  Watts,  R.  B. 

1906  Weatherly,  James 

1910  White.  Prank  S. 

1906  Wood.  Sterling  A. 

1921  Woodall.  Wm.  Marvin 

1921  Woolverton,    William   H. 

1918  Yancey,  Oeorge  W. 

BrewtoB    (Escambia) 

1920  Brooks,  Leon  O. 

1921  McMillan,  Ed.  Uigh 
1918  Smith,  O.  W.  L. 

OuUman  (Cullman) 

1920  Denson,   Paine 

Deoatar  (Morgan) 

1913  Callahan.  W.  W. 
1906  Oodbey.  E.  W. 
1916  Nelson,  Oeorge  A. 

1921  Skeggs,  William  E. 
1921  Troup,   Lovick  P. 

Demopolis  (Marengo) 

1914  McDaniel,  Henry 


Dofhaa    (Houston) 
1917    Reid,  Benjamia  P. 

Elba  ((Mfee) 
1917    Sanders,  W.  W. 

Eufavla  (Barbour) 

1914    McDowell,     CSurles     &. 
Jr. 

Evergraen  (Conecuh) 

1921  Jones,  B.  E. 

1916  Page,   Edwin  O. 

Tloranoa    (Lauderdale) 

1914    Bradshaw,  Hemy  A. 

1917  MitcheU,   William   H. 

Jmt  Payna  (Dekalb) 

1922  Wolfea,   Charles  A. 

Oadadan   (Etowab) 

1916    Allen,  0.  C. 

1916  Dortch,  W.  R. 
1914    Vaacet  Victor 

Graaasbwo  (Hale) 

1918  Evins,  Robert  B. 

OreesYiUa  (Butler) 

1917  Powell,  D.  M. 

HnntsWlle    (Madiaon) 

1910  Ouwper,  Ueorge  P. 

1908  Cooper,  Lawrence 

1918  Grayson,    David    A. 
1918  Walker,  Richard  W. 

Jasper  (Walker) 

1917    Bankhead,  Jdm  H.,  Jr. 
1917    Davis,  W.  C. 

LiviagBtoa   (Sumter) 

1914    Patton,  wniiam  Wayne 
1981    Seal^  Ibomaa  F. 


*  Name  of  0)unty.         f  Date  of  Election. 


(882) 


BTATE   LIST  OP   MEMBEBS   BY   CITIES  AND  TOWNS. 


883 


Hoblle   (Mobile) 

1913  Armbrecht,   William  H. 
1906  Br«mberg,   Frederick  0. 

1914  Brown,  Leo  If. 

1916  Leigh,  Norvelle  R. 

1915  IfclfilUn,  B.   P. 

1918  Smith,  Robert  H. 

1913  Stevens,  T.   M. 

Xonroeville  (Monroe) 

1917  Barnett,  J.  B. 
1921  BiggB,  Leonard  S. 

1920  Lee,  A.  C. 

Xemtffomery    (Montgomery) 

1914  Andcraon,  John  C. 
1901  Ball,  Fred  S. 

1912  Ballard,  Eugene 

1919  Beckwith,  Edmund  R. 

1916  Blakey,  William 

1910  Clayton,  Henry  D. 

1921  Crenahaw,  H.  P. 
1908  Crum,  B.  P. 

1904  Dent,  S.  Habert,  Jr. 

1904  Jones,  George  W. 

1920  Jones,  Walter  B. 

1913  Ligon,  R.  P. 

1915  McClellan,    Thomaa   0. 

1917  MacKenzie,  Stuart 

1913  Mayfleld,   James   J. 

1922  Purifoy,    Francis   Marion 

1911  Rushton,  Ray 
1980  Smith,   J.   Q. 

1914  Bteiner,   Robert  B.,   Jr. 

1910  Stollenwerck,  Frank 
1913  Stringfellow,  Horace 
1913  Thoriugton,  J.  W. 

1920  Troy,  Alexander 
1913  Weil,  Leon 
1917  White,   Hugh 

Opellka  (Lee) 

1917  Denson,  N.  D. 

1919  Walker,  Jacob  A. 

PntttvlUe  (Autauga) 

1921  Jones,   Roger  Alston 

Soottiboro   (Jackson) 

1911  Brown,  Lawrence  E. 

Selma   (Dallas) 

1921  Keith,  CHiambliBS 

1917  Lapsley,  John  Whitfield 

1916  Mallory,  Hugh 

1918  PettuB,  Edmund  W. 

Talladega   (Talladega) 

1920  Dixon,  J.  Kelly 


ALABAXA^A&IZOVA 

Troy  (Pike) 
1917    Wilkeraon,  John  H. 

Tnioalooia  (Tuscaloosa) 

1917    Clarkson,   Edgar  L. 
1917    Foster,   J.   Manley 

Tnaosmbla  (Colbert) 

1917    Carmichael,  A.  H. 
1917    Kirk.  James  T. 

ALASKA 

Cordova 

1917  Donohoe,   Ttiomas  J. 
1921    Foster,  Frank  H. 

Fairbanks 

1921    Atwell,    Howard   J. 
1919    Clark,  John  A. 

Iditarod 

1921  Albrecht,   (Seorge  W. 

Juneau 

1922  Castle,  N.  H. 

1914  Cobb,  John  H. 

1922  Faulkner,  Herbert  L. 

1922  Reed,  Thomas  M. 

1915  Robertaon.   Ralph    E. 
1919  Shoup,   Arthur  0. 
1922  SUbler,  Howard  D. 

Seward 

1921    Ray,  L.  V. 

1919  Whittleaey,   William   H. 

▼aides 

1920  Dimond,   Anthoi^  J. 

A&IZOKA 

BUbee  (Cochise) 

1920  Casey,   James  S. 
1806  Ellinwood,  Everett  E. 

1921  Flanigan,   Edw.   J. 

1922  Knapp,    C.    T. 
1906  Roes,  John  M. 

Bowie  (Cochise) 
1920     VUison,  W.  H. 

Oasa  Chraade  (Pinal) 
1920   Jayne,  A.  A. 

Douglas   (Ckxrhise) 

1918  Benshimol,  D.^vid 

1919  Boyle,  James  Patrick 
1919    Oilmore,  W.  O. 


Douglas   (Cochise)  Cont'd 

1921    King,  W.  D. 

1918  Pickett,  Harry  E. 

Flagstaff  (Ckxvnino) 

1919  Gold,  Frank  M. 

1916    Wilson,  Charles  Birge 

Florence   (Pinal) 

1916   Baughn.  Otis  J. 
1921    Patterson,  E.  P. 

Globe    (OiU) 

1920  Cunningham,  D.  L. 

1921  Mallott,  James  R. 

1919  Mathews,  Clifton 
1921    Morris,  Samuel  H. 
1921    Rice,  Edward  W. 

Holbrook  (Navajo) 

1920  Larson,  Thorwald 
1914    Sapp.  Sidney 

Jerome  (Yavapai) 
1919    Ling,  Peny  M. 
1014    Rutherford,    Charles  H. 

Kingman  (Mohave) 

1914    Herndon,  Charles  W. 
1912    Krook,  Carl  0. 

Xesa  (Maricopa) 
1919    Dougherty,  M.  J.  O. 

Jfogales  (Santa  Crus) 
1914    Hardy,  Leslie  C. 

Phoenix  (Maricopa) 

1919  Alexander,   J.   L.    B. 

1919  Armstrong,   Thomas,   Jr. 

1921  Baxter,   Harold 
1919  Birdaall.   Alice  M. 
1921  Chalmers,   Louis   H. 
1919  Christy,   George  D. 

1921  Cox,  James  J. 

1922  Cox,  L.  J. 

1919  Cunningham,  G.  S. 

1020  Drake,  Earl  F. 
1921  Fenneroore,  H.   M. 
1914  Hayes,  P.  H. 
1919  Holton,  C.   R. 
1919  Jenckes,  Joseph  S. 

1918  Lavin,  James  P. 

1919  Lewis,  Ernest  W. 
1921  Lewkowits,    Herman 

1021  Longan,  John  M. 

1920  Ludwig,    Oswald    Cross, 

Jr. 


884 


AMERICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


PUo^nlx  (Maricoim)  Cont'd 

1016  Hftrks,  B.  E. 

1921  Nairn,   Thomas  O. 

1019  Nealon,    Thomas   W. 

1910  Nelson,  James  E. 

1914  Perkins,  F.  W. 

1916  Ross,  Henry  D. 

1921  Shepherd,  Robert  E.  Lee 

1914  Sloan,  Richard  E. 
1011  Smith,  Frank  O. 
1919  SUhl,  Floyd  M. 

1919  SUnford,  Rawghlie  C. 

1915  Stilwell,  William  H. 

1920  Stockton,  A.  Uendenon 

1921  Sullivan,   Henry  J. 
1920  Townsend,  Fred  Blair 

1920  Vaughn,  Loren 

1921  Walton.   Thomas  P. 

1917  White,  Samuel 
1920  Whitney,  LouU  B. 

Preioott  (Yavapai) 

j912  Anderson,  Le  Roy 

1922  Baker,    Arthur  G. 
1922  Brown,  M.   Ralph 
1919  Clark,  Neil  C. 
1919  Ellis,  John  A. 
1919  Favour,  A.  H. 

1916  Lamson,  Richard 
1919  Lovcridge,  Edgar  H. 

1918  Morgan,   Joseph  H. 
1890  Morrison,    Robert    E. 

1919  Nilsson,   George  W. 
1919  Norris,  Herndon  J. 
1919  Norris,  T.  G. 

1919  O'Sullivan,  P.  W. 

1919  Parks,  Daniel  E. 

1920  Sullivan,  John  L. 

1919  Sweeney,  John  J. 

SalFord   (Graham) 

1921  Spriggs,  E.  L. 

8t.  Johns  (Apache) 

1916  Nelson,  Fred,   W. 

Tempo    (Maricopa) 

1921  WIndes,  Dudley  W. 

1920  Wool!,  Charles 

Tombltono  (Cochise) 

1919  Kingsbury,  James  Thorn* 

son 

1919  Sames,   Albert  Morris 

Tucion   (Pima) 

1921  Barry,  James  D. 

1921  Bernard,  Frederick  U. 

1921  Bilby,  Ralph  W. 


ABIZOHA— ARKAITOAS 

Tuoaon  (Pima)  0>nt'd 

1921  Blenman,   Charles 

1912  Campbell,   John  H. 

1921  CellB,  Paul  J. 

1914  Ourley,  Frank  E. 

1921  Oirtis,  Leonard  J. 

1922  Darnell,  George  R. 
1922  Davis,  Robert  M. 
1921  Dunseath,  James  R. 
1914  Hartman,  Francis  M. 

1914  Hereford,  Frank  H. 

1920  Hill,  Ben  O. 
1919  Kingan,  S.  L. 

1921  Langworthy,  Ralph  W. 
1919  Pattee,  Samuel  L. 

1919  Richey,  Oscar  Turner 
1916    Sawtelle,   William  H. 

1920  Winsett,    Alfred  Irl 

WiUooz  (Cochise) 

1921  Gung'1,  John  C. 

Winilow  (Navajo) 

1915  Burbage,   W.   H. 

Tuam    (Tuma) 

1914  Baxter,   Frank 

1922  (Campbell,    Raymond  N. 
1922    Collins,  Ruber  A. 

1915  Gregory,  Walter  H. 
1921  Lindeman,  C.  A. 
1921  Molloy,   Thomas  D. 
1921  Robertson,    Peter  T. 

ARKANSAS 

Arkadelphla  (Clark) 

1920  Hardage,  Joe 

1911  Johnson,  James  V. 

1920  McMillan,  Dougald 

1920  McMillan,  John  H. 

ArkanaAi  Oity  (Desha) 

1920  Hopson,  E.  E. 

Ashdown  (Little  River) 
1918    DuLaney,   A.   D. 

Augusta  (Woodruff) 

1921  Hutchins,   Arthur  L. 

Bald  Knob  (White) 
1920    Pearce,  (}ulbert  L. 

BAtesviUe  (Independence) 

ir20  Bone,  Samuel  M. 

1918  Casey,  Samuel  M. 

1922  MeCaleb,  John  B. 
191S  Neill,  Ernest 


BentOBTlll«  (Benton) 

1920    McOill,  J.  T. 

1916    McGUl.  Leonidas  H. 

Blytheville  (Miasissippi) 

1911  Oinningham,  O.  A. 

1922  Davis,  T.   W. 

1922  Harrison,  Z.  B. 

1920  Nelson,  R.  A 

BrinUey  (Monroe) 

1921  Bogle,  O.  Otis 
1920    Greenlee,  0.  F. 

Camden  (OoachiU) 
1911    Gaughan,  "Hionias  J. 

Oonway  (Faulkner) 
1919    Clark,  J.  a 

Corning  (Clay) 

1919  Btoodworth,  C.  T. 

1920  Daniel,  (Tharles  L. 
1920    Oliver,  G.  B. 

De  ^neon  (Sevier) 

1919  Collins,   Abe 

1920  IsbcU,  BenJ.  B. 

Dermott  (Chicot) 
1022    Hammock,  H.  O. 

Des  Arc  (Prairie) 

1920  Vaughan,  Emmet 

Be  Witt  (Arkansas) 
1918    Rasco,  R.  D. 

El  Dorado  (Union) 

1922  Britt,  L.  S. 

1922  Mvrphy.   Patrick   W. 

1918  Patterson,  Wm.  E. 

1921  Pope,  Arthur  D. 

1922  Savage,   Dwight   L. 

FayetteTlIle    (Washington) 

1918  Davidson,  B.  R. 

1919  Walker,  J.  V. 

Fordyoe  (Dallas) 
1919    Wynne,  T.  D. 

Foreman  (Little  River) 

1921  Livesay,  J.  O. 

Forrest  City  (St.   Francis) 

1922  Mann,  S.  H. 

1922    Mann,  Sam  B.,  Jr. 
1922    Norton,  C.  W. 


tort  Bmltli  (Sebastian) 

1920  Brinolftra,  John 

1»U  Daily,  H.  P. 

1080  Falconer,  Wm.  Armiatead 

190A  Fitzhugh,   Henry  U 

1919  Hardin,  O.  C. 
1898  Hill,  Joseph  M. 

1920  Holland,  John  H. 

1911  Hon,  Daniel 

1919  Johnaon,  Jo 

1898    ICcDonough,  James  B. 

1912  Ifilcs.  Vincent  If. 

1912  Osborne,  T.  8. 

1918  Pryor,  Thomaa  B. 
1916  Warner,  Harry  Preston 

1920  Woods,  John  Powell 
1809  Toumana,   Flrank  A. 

Greenwood  (Sebastian) 

1920    Johnson,  George  W. 
1920    Rowe,  Bobert  A. 

Hamburg  (Ashley) 

1920  George,   Gaston  P. 

1919  Norman,  George 

Harritbnrg   (Poinsett) 

1921  Mayo.  8.  T. 

Keber   Bprlngi    ((Tlebun^e) 
1921    BIttle.  J.  L. 

Helena  (Phillipa) 

1920  Adams,  Skipwith  W. 

1921  Brewer,  Ozero  C. 

1920  Burke,  J.  G. 
1918  Moore,  John  I. 

1921  Vineyard,  Jesse  M. 
1921  Whitehead,  A.  D. 

Hope  (Hempstead) 

1910  Graves,  O.  A. 

1918  McCollum,  James  H. 

Hot    Springs    (Garland) 

1921    Bouic,  W.  G. 

1913  Ck>bb,  M.  8. 

1911  Huff,  C.  Floyd 

1919  Martin,  T.  K. 
1911  Martin,  W.  H. 
1921  Sparks,  Charles  O. 
1921  SUllcup,  J.  A. 

1920  Sumpter,  Orlando  H. 
1919  Wootton,  E.  H. 

Joneoboro   (Craighead) 

1910    Frierson,  Charles  D. 

1921  Gftutney,  J.  F. 


A&SASBAB 

Jonesboro  (Craighead)  Cont'd 

1912  Lamb,  N.  F. 

1920  Patton,  A.  P. 

1920  Sloan,  Horace 

Lake  Oity  (CJralghead) 

1919  Johnston.  J.  F. 

Lake  ViUage  (COiicot) 

1918  Cook.  Harry  E. 

LewiSYllle   (Lafayette) 

1920  King,  D.  L. 

1921  Montgomery,  R.  L. 

Little   Rock   (Pulaski) 

1919  Akers,  Will  Q.  . 

1911  Armistead,  Henry  M. 

1921  Barber,  A.  L. 

1922  Bohlinger,  Meill 

1912  Buzbee,  Thomas  S. 
1901  Oantrell,  Deaderick  H. 
1911  Carmichael,  J.   H. 

1918  Chamberlin,  Horace 
1901  Cockrill,  AaUey 
1921  Cohn,  Louis  M. 
1911  Coleman,  Charles  T. 

1921  Cypcrt,  A.  B. 

1922  Dodge,  Frank  H. 

1919  Downie,  R.  B. 

1920  Ehrman,  S.  Lasker 
1920  Emerson,  George  W. 

1913  Frauenthal,  Sam. 

1920  Gannaway,  Malcolm  W. 

1921  Gray.  Clifton  W. 
1021  Hamiter,  J.  H. 
1910  Harris,  Marvin 

1910  Harrison,  Harvey  T. 

1911  Hawthorne,  D.  K. 

1920  Hays,  George  W. 

1921  Helm,  Thomas  E. 

1912  Hemingway,    Wilson    E. 
1912  Henderson.  G.  D. 

1921  Henry,  Elbert  A. 

1920  House,  J.  W.,  Jr. 

1918  Humphreys,  T.  H. 

1920  Johnson,  Ector  R. 

1921  Kensworthy,  B.  S. 
1011  Kinsworthy,  E.  B. 

1911  Kirby,  WiUiam  F. 

1920  Lewis,  Troy  W. 
1011  Loughborough,  J.  F. 

1912  Lynn.  Roscoe  R. 

1913  McConnell,  George  A. 

1921  McDonnell,    William    A. 
1912  McHaney,  Edgar  L. 
1916  McNemer,  Philip 


Little  Eock  (Pulaski) 
Cont'd 

1911  McRae,  Thomas  C. 

1921  MaUory,  George  L. 

1911  Mann,  Richard  M. 

1921  Martin,    Melbourne    M. 
1916  Martineau,  John  B. 

1916  Mehaffey,  James  W. 
1911  Mehaffy,  T.  M. 
1902  Moore,  John  M. 
1913  Moss,  Edgar  E. 
1920  Newman,  John  W. 

1920  Owens,  Grover  T. 
1911  Pace.  Frank 

1922  Poe,  Sam  T. 
1919  Poe,  Tom 

1913  Pugh,  George  B. 

1921  Riddick,    W.   G. 

1918  Rogera,  Silas  W. 
1898  Rose,  George  B. 

1921  Rose,  John  M. 

1922  Saye,  J.  N. 
1922  Saye.  W.  T. 
1921  Sbofner,  Price 
1901  Smith,   William  B. 

1911  Terry,  Walter  J. 
1913  Thweatt,  Chas.  B. 
1921  Townsend,  Wallace 

1919  Trawick,  J.  I. 
1907  Trieber,  Jacob 
1921  rtley.  J.  S. 

1912  Vaughan,  George 
1919  Wade,  John  W. 

1919  White,  S.  L. 
1911  Wiley,  Robert  E. 

1920  Williams.  Guy  P. 
1920  Wood,  Carroll  D. 

Lonoke   (Lonoke) 

1011  Robinson,  Joseph  T. 

1917  Trimble,  Thomas  C,  Jr. 
1920  Walls,  Charles  Albert 

XcOekee  (Desha) 

1020  Wallace,  Joseph  F. 

Xarianna  (Lee) 

1022  Daggett,  C.  E. 

1920  Daggett,  J.   B. « 

1920  Robertaon,   B.  D. 

Xena  (Polk) 

1916  Ragland,  W.  A. 

Xonticello   (Drew) 

1919  Harris,  Joe  S. 

1920  Williamson,  Lamar 


886 


AMEBICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


ABXAHSAft-^VSTHIA— OALirO&HIA 


VaihviUe  (Howard) 

1912  Biahop,  John  W. 

1914  Feazel,  W.  P. 

1920  Rodgeiy,  W.  0. 

1914  Sain,   J.   O. 

Vewport  (Jackson) 

1904  Jones,  Qustave 

1920  Mack,  Ira  J. 

1920  Stayton,  John  W. 

1904  Stayton,  Joseph  IC. 

Ofoeola   (Mississippi) 

1911  Coeton,  J.  T. 

Paraffonld  (Greene) 

1915  Block,  J.  D. 
1920    Fuhr,  Robert  B. 

1920  Futrell,  J.  M. 

1912  Huddleston,  M.  P. 

1921  Shane,  (]ecil 

1916  Taylor,  R.  P. 

FiCf ott  (OUy) 
1921    Weldin,  FVank 

Pine  Bluff  (Jefferson) 

1918  Alexander,  W.  B. 
1921    Brockman,  E.  W. 

1911  Coleman,  W.  F. 

1919  Cooper,  A.  R. 

1920  Danaher,  Palmer 
1914  Elliott,  John  M. 

1912  Rowell,  A.  H. 
1920    Taylor,  J.  G. 

1920  Woolridge,  W.  T. 

Preicott  (Nevada) 

1921  Hamby,   Randolph  P. 
1911    McKende,  H.  B. 
1921    McRae,  Duncan  L. 

1921  Tompkins,  Charles  H. 

1911  Tompkins,  Wm.  V. 

.9 

Bogert  (Benton) 

1920    Duty,  John  R. 

1922  Nance,  John  W. 

Bn^MllTllle  (Pope) 
1922    Bullock,  J.  T. 

BUerldaa  (Grant) 
1920    Posey,    Robert  Randolph 

BtnttffArt  (Arkansas) 
1922    McCuing,  Mike 

1912  Pettit,  C.  E. 
1920    Sternberg,  H.  L. 


Texarkana  (Miller) 

1919  Arnold,  W.  H.,  Jr. 
1906    Arnold,  Wm*  H. 
1922    Barney,  Herbert  M. 

1911  Carter,  Jacob  M. 

1912  Head,  James  D. 
1922  Jones,  Paul 
1922  Jones,  Paul,  Jr. 
1916  Moore,  Henry,  Jr. 
1912  Pope,  Gustavus  O. 
1911  Quinn,  Frank  8. 
1922  Sanderson,  M.   E. 

Van  Buren  (Crawford) 

1920  Arbuckle,  John  D. 

1920  Matlock,  Edgar  L. 
1922  Stockard,  George  G. 
1922  Thompson,  Ola  D. 
1922  Woifard.    Columbus    M. 

Walnut  Bidge   (Lawrence) 

1919    Gibson,  O.  N. 
1919    Ponder,  Harry  L. 
1919    Tharp,  E.  H. 

Warren  (Bradley) 

1921  Bradham,  D.  A. 
1921    Wilson,  J.  R. 

AVSTBIA 

Vienna 
1918    Washburn,  Albert  H. 

OALIPOBHIA 

Alameda   (Alameda) 
1908    Gray,  Roscoe  ^. 

Altadena  (Los  Angelea) 
1899    Barton,  George  P. 

Altnrat  (Modoc) 

1921  Laird,  Reuel  A. 

Atatoadere  (San  Luis  Obispo) 

1922  0)hen,  Louis 

Anhum   (Placer) 
1914    Fulweiler,  John  M. 

Bakersfleld  (Kern) 

1922  Harvey,  T.  N. 

1922  Kaye,  William  W. 

1922  McCowan,  Barclay 

1922  Peairs,  Howard  A. 

1918  Scott,  Thomas 

1922  Whitakre,  George  E. 

1922  Wiley,  J.  W. 


Baldwin  Park  (Los  Angeles) 

1921  Baoon,  Walter  R. 

Banning  (Riverside) 

1922  Miller,  Frank  L. 

Berkeley    (Alameda) 

1918  Clark,    Herbert   W. 

1901  Ckistigan,  George  P.,  Jr. 

1913  McMumy.  Orrin  K. 

1922  May,  Samuel  O. 

1921  Nichols,  Elmer  B. 

1922  North,  H.  H. 

1913  Trabert,  Charles  L. 
1922    Vamum,  George  Martin 

Brawlejr  (Imperial) 
1906    Finney,  A.  0. 

Bridgeport  (Mono) 
1922    Parker,   P.   R. 

Burbank  (Los  Angeles) 
1922    Tale,  Margeret  D. 

Burlingame   (San   Mateo) 
1922    Ferrell,  Gilbert  D. 

OaUstoga  (Napa)     > 
1922    Billings,  Addie  M. 

ChnU  Viata  (San  Diego) 

1914  Griath,  John  Cuyler 
1912    Schoonover,  Albert 

Ooluaa  (Colusa) 
1922    Millington,  Seth,  Jr. 

Concord  (Contra  0>eta) 
1922    Sherlock,  Alvk  S. 

Corona   (Riverside) 

1922    Clayson,  Walter  S. 
1916    Oanahl,  Alphonse  B. 
1922    SUbl,  H.  K. 

Coronado  (San  Diego) 
1918    Dilworth,  Read  Q. 

Daly  City  (San  Mateo) 

1918  Groene,  John  P. 

El  Oontro  (Imperial) 

1919  Oole,  Fnuiklin  J. 
1916    Hickcox,  Bo«  T. 


Bso«ndid«  (San  Diefo) 

1922  Turreotine,  L.  N. 

Svreka  (Humboldt) 

1822  Cutler,  Fletcher  A. 

ralrileld  (SoUdo) 

1922  Dobbins,   B.   W. 

1922  GkMKlinan.  W.  U. 

1922  Jonet,  Kenneth  I. 

1922  Lindauer,  Arthur 

1922  Mclnnes,   Frencis  O. 

1922  O'Donnell,  WiUiam  T. 

1922  Raines,  Joeeph  M. 

FUlmore  (Ventura) 

1922  (telyin,  John  A. 

Vort  Braf  r    (Mendocino) 

1922  Pettis,  J.  A. 

1922  Stone,  Leonard 

Freano  (Fresno) 

1922  Allyn,  Arthur 

1922  Ajnesworth,    George    L. 

1922  Barber,  L.  N. 

1922  Ck»nle7,  W.  IC. 

Ctonn,  W.  A. 

Ooy,  Sam  P. 

1922  OiunmingB,  Penn 

1922  Dearing,  Milton  M. 

19SS  Docker,  Frederick  W. 

1922  Drew,  A.  M. 

1922  Dwdle,  H.  B. 

19B  Brarts,  O.  L. 

1922  Swing,  D.  8. 

1922  Fitch,  John  R. 

1922  Gallagher,    Jamee    J. 

1922  Geailiart,  Bertrand  W. 

1922  Gibson,  Rue  0. 

1922  Hammel,  John  0. 

1922  Harris,  B.  M. 

1922  Harria,  M.  B. 

1922  Harris,  M.  K. 

1922  HawBon,  Henr7 

1922  Hayburst,  L.  B. 

1922  Hill,  Gbarles  A. 

1922  Huebner,  F.  O. 

1922  Johnson,  Ben  H. 

1922  Jones,  George  W. 

1922  Kauke,  Prank 

1922  Lindsay,  Carl  E. 

1922  McDowell.    Herbert 

1922  Ohannesian,  Aram 

1922  Ohannesian,  J.  (}eorga 

1922  Odas,  O.  M. 

1922  Sniitli,  Lewia  H. 

1922  Snow,  Alvm  E. 


OAUTOUrZA 

Vremo  (Fresno)  Cont'd 

1922  Stammer,  Walter  H. 

1922  Strother,  S.  L. 

1922  Tupper,   W.  0. 

1922  Wakefield,  Ray  C' 

1922  Warlow,  (Siester  H. 

1922  Wild,  U.   K. 

1922  Wildgrube,    H.   J. 

1922  Willeyi  Frank  A. 

1922  WooUey,  J.  E. 

Gardena  (Los  Angeles) 
1916    Burton,   Newark  L. 

61«ndale  (Los  Angeles) 
1907    Everson,  John 

Olendoni  (Los  Angeles) 

1921  BidweU,  R.  B. 

Grua  Valley  (Nevada) 

1922  Armstrong,  E.  H. 
1922    Nilon,  Frank  M. 

Hanford   (Kings) 
1922    Watkinson,  Charles  E. 

Healdsbnrg  (Sonoma) 

1922    Oollman,  James  T. 
1922    UoUingsworth,  A.  W. 
1918    Norton,  E.    M. 

Kermoaa  Beaoh  (Los 
Angeles) 
1915    Greer,  Paul  E. 

Independence  (Inyo) 
1922    Dehy,  William  D. 

La  Jolla  (San  Diego) 
1898    Harper,  Jacob  0. 

Lodi  (San  Joaquin) 
1922    Henning,   Frank  A. 

Long  Beach  (Los  Angeles) 

1921  Cnock.  Ralph  H. 

1922  Denio,  E.  C. 
1922  Doyle,  Clyde 
1922  Fisher,   Eugen<i   L 
1906  Flewelling,    A.   L. 
1922  Kapp,  George  F. 
1918  Keeler,  P.  E. 
1918  Uird,  George  M. 

1922  McCaughan,  George  B. 

1922  McWhinney,  C.  O. 

1922  Mason,  Bruce  W. 

1910  Minnie,  James  L. 


Lent  Beadh  (Los  Angeles) 
Cont'd 

1922  PawBon,  John  E. 

1922  Rosenfleld,  Adolph  B. 

1922  Spicer,  George  M. 

1921  Swaffleld,  Phil  M. 

1921  SwaiBeld,  Roland  C. 

1916  Tyler,  O.  H. 

1922  Wallace,  Charles  D. 
1922  Whealton,   Louis  N. 

Loi  Angeles  (Los  Angeles) 

1921  Adams,    George   W. 

1922  Adams,   William  F. 
1922  Aggeler,  William  T. 
1922  Allen,  Carroll 

1922  Amend,  Frank  B. 

1906  Anderson,  James  A. 

1922  Anderson,  William  H. 

1921  Andrews,  Americus  V. 

1922  Andrews,  L.  W. 
1921  Axtihbald,  Harry  R. 
1921  Araoldy,  Fred  N. 

1921  Ashburn,  A.   W. 

1922  Backus,    Perry   F. 
1922  Bacon,   Edward  B. 
1922  Bailie,  Norman  A. 
1921  Bandini,  Ralph 

1921  Barker,  Donald 

1917  Bamhfll,  WiUiam  Allen 
1894  Barry,   Edmund   D. 

1922  Bartlett.   Alfred  L. 
1921  Bauer,  Harry  J. 

1921  Beach,  H.  C. 

1922  Bearddey,  John 
1922  Beebe,  George 
1922  Beecher,  Daniel 
1921  Behymer,  Glen 
1921  Belcher,  Frank  B. 

1921  Beman,  John  B. 

1922  Benjamin,  Maurice  B. 

1921  Bennett,  E.  Everett 

1922  Bennett,  James  S. 
1922  Berkebile,   Thomas  A. 
1922  Biby.  John  E. 

1918  Bicksler,  W.  S. 
1922  Binford,  L.  B. 

1913  Bledsoe,  Benjamin  F. 

1918  Boardman,  Louis  P. 

1922  Bodkin,  Henry  G. 

1916  Bordw^l,  Walter 

1922  Bowen,  William  A. 

1922  Bowen,  William  M. 

1921  Bowers,  Walter  L. 
1918  Bradner,  B.  J. 
1909  Brennan,  Robert 

1922  Breslin,  George  M. 
1896  Britt,  E.  W. 


888 


AMBEICAN    BAR  ASSOCIATION. 


Los  Anrelei  (Lob  Angeles) 

CJont'd 

922  Brown,  WiUism  B. 
Browne,  Nat  B. 

921  Bryan,  William  Jennings, 

Jr. 

922  Bryson,  Prank 

922  Bullock,   Oeorgria  P. 

921  Burr,  Clyde  R. 

922  Bush,  George  W. 
912  Camp,  Edgar  W. 

911  Ounpbell,   Altes  H. 

922  Campbell,    Mrs^    Kemper 

921  Camahan,  H.  L. 

922  Carpenter,  Ingle 
901  Carpenter,  Saml.  L. 
922  Garr,  William  J. 
922  Carrigan,  John  W. 

921  Carter,  Henry  B. 

922  Carvell.    Mae 
922  Case,  llunaon  T. 
921  Caaey,  Walter  T. 
916  Oastberg.  Blame 

921  Gastruccio,      Oonstantine 

M. 
Chamberlin,  H.  A. 

922  Chambera,    William 
1922  Chandler,  Charles  L. 

918  Chandler,  Jeff  P. 

906  Chandler,  Joseph  H. 

921  Chapman,  Ward 

922  Chaie,  C.  W. 
922  Chase,   Lucius  K. 

912  Childfl,  Frank  Hall 
916  Clark,  Oliver  O. 

921  Clarke,  Robert  M. 

922  Clotfelter,   U.   T. 
922  Coe,  Arthur  F. 
916  Collier,   Frank  C. 
922  Collins,  Victor  Ford 

Conrey,   Nathaniel  P. 
Cooper,  John  W. 

921  Copp,  Andrew  J.,  Jr. 

921  Cosgrove,  T.  B. 

922  Craig,  Elliott 
908  Craig,  Oavin  W. 
911  Craig,   William  T. 

921  Crenshaw,  Loren  O. 
920  Grider,  Joe,  Jr. 

922  Cruickshank,   Lewis 
922  Crump,  Ouy  Richards 

918  Cnitcher,  Albert 

919  Culver,   Richard  J.   O. 
918  Daniels,  Earle  M. 

922  Darlington,  Barton 

916  Davis,  LeCompte 

922  Davis,   William  H. 

922  De  Qarmo,  Q.  O. 

922  Degnan,  J.  E. 


OALIFO&inA 

Los  Anrelei  (Los  Angeles) 

Cont'd 

922  Dehm.   W.   H. 

910  ,Denis,  George  J. 

914  DeSantis,  Anthony  8. 

922  Devin,  Joseph  F. 

912  Dickson,    William   H. 

913  Dillon,  Richard  J. 
909  Dockweiler,  Isidore  B. 

918  Dockweiler,   tlios.   A.  J. 

921  Doherty,  Frank  P. 

922  Dryer,  George  W. 

913  Dunn,  W.  E. 
922  Dunnigan,  H.   L. 

919  Duque,  Gabriel  Carlos 

921  Eckman,  Arthur  W. 

922  Edmonds,   Douglas  L. 
918  Edwards,  Leroy  H. 
922  Ellis,  Arthur  M. 

922  Ellis,    Kimpton 

922  Euler,  Louis 

921  Evans.    William    E. 

922  Farics,  David  R. 

914  Farrand,  George  E. 
922  Faulconer,  Oda 

922  Ferguson,   Iforris  M. 

920  Finch,  Wilbur  D. 
916  Finlayson,    Frank    G. 
922  Fletcher,  Kimball 
913  Flint,  Frank  P. 

920  Flint,  William  Risley 
922  Foltz,  Clara  Shortridge 
918  Ford,  W.  J. 

922  Fredericks,  John  D. 

922  French,  Samuel  H. 

921  Fulton,  Robert  M. 

920  Geibel,  Martin  E. 
918  Oerecht,  E.  F. 

922  Gibson,  J.   A.,  Jr. 
889  Gibson,  James  A. 
916  Gifford,   F.   W. 
922  Gilbert.  W.  L 

913  Goodrich,  Ben 

922  Goodspeed,  Richard  Cecil 

922  Goodwin,  Heniy  P. 

921  Goodwin,  W.  N. 
913  Gordon,  Hugh  T. 

922  (3ould,    T.    C. 

922  Grainger,   Kyle  N. 

922  Gray,  Ben  F. 

922  Greenberg,  Charles 

1922  Greer,    George    L. 

921  Gregg,  Paul  M. 

921  Grigsby,  Bruce  L. 
913  Grua,  Edward  T. 

922  Guernsey,  Louis  G. 
922  Guthrie,  Stanley  W. 
922  Haas,    Walter    Francis 

1922  Hahn,  Edwin  F. 


.     Lot 

Angoloa  (Los  Angeles) 

Cont'd 

1922 

Haines,    Martin   L. 

1922 

Hall,  Frederick  M. 

1921 

Hall.  Pierson  M. 

1916 

Halsted,  A.  S. 

1922 

Hammon,  Percy  V. 

1922 

Hanna,  Byron 

1922 

Hannon,  J.  Vincent 

1918 

Hanaon,  Joseph  E. 

1919 

Hardy,  Carlos  8. 

1921 

Hardy,  Rex 

1921 

Hart,  John  W. 

'     1921 

Haskins,  8.  IL 

1922 

Hswkins,  Eugene  A. 

1904 

Hawkins,  John  J. 

1922 

Hsslett,    WUIiaro 

1922 

Heney,  Francis  J. 

1922 

Herrington,  B.  A. 

1921 

Hervey,  Wm.   Rhodes 

1922 

Hewitt,  Leslie  R. 

1921 

Hiatt,  William  M. 

1922 

Himrod,  William  B. 

1913 

Hocker,  J.  W. 

1919 

Holcorob,     Margaret     E. 

Kempley 

1919 

Holoomb,  William  H. 

1921 

Hollzer,   Harry   A. 

1922 

Horton,  Rufus  L. 

1898 

Honsaker,  WiUism  J. 

1922 

Hunter,  Ben  S. 

1913 

Hntton,  Frank  8. 

1921 

Irsfeld,  J.  B. 

1922 

Jsckson,  Grant 

1921 

JadEson,  Sanrael  Spencer 

(Chicago,  m.) 

1921 

James,  Frank 

1922 

James,  Heniy  N. 

1918 

Jennings,  Robert   P. 

1912 

Jensen,  Omstsn 

1918 

Jones,  Mattison  B. 

1919 

Jordan,  C.  Hughes 

1922 

Joujon-Roche,  J.    B. 

1904 

Karchsr,  George  H. 

1918 

Karr,  Frank 

1906 

Kelby,  James  Edwsxd 

1922 

Kelly,   Hugh  T. 

1922 

Kelso,  Ivsn 

1909 

Kemp,  John  W. 

1918 

Kenney,  Bllzsbeth  L. 

1921 

Kidd,  Herbert  West 

1922 

Knoop,  Henry  L. 

1918 

Udy,  Willism  Ellis 

1921 

Lake,  Frederick  W. 

1922 

Larrabee,  L.  U 

1906 

Lswler,  Oscar 

1928 

LawBOB,  Gordon 

1911 

Lee,  Bradner  W. 

1918 

Lee,  Brsdner  WeHs,  Jr. 

OAUrOEVXA 


Lot  AacelM  (Los  Aiig«let) 

Los 

▲nf  oloo  (Los  Angelst) 

Oont'd 

Gont'd 

1918 

Lee,  Eenjon  Fftrrar 

1922 

Myers,  Louis  W. 

1922 

Leedfl»  Walter  R. 

1922 

Meblett,  Wm.  H. 

1922 

Leitcb,  GonsUnce 

1928 

Melaon,  Dario  H. 

1921 

Lewioson,  Joseph  L. 

1928 

Newby,  liathan 

1918 

Lloyd,  Warren  B. 

1909 

Kewlin,  Qumey  E. 

1928 

Lobdell,  J.  Karl 

1921 

Noune,  Paul 

1921 

Loeb,   Edwin  J. 

1922 

O'Brien,  William  J. 

1913 

Loeb,  Joseph  P. 

1918 

O'ConneU,  Geoffrey  a 

1906 

Loewenthal,   Max 

1922 

0*Ck>nnor,  J.  Robert 

1928 

Locwenthal,  Paul 

1919 

O'Melveny,  Henry  W. 

1922 

Lovett.  William  W.,  Jr. 

1920 

O'Melveny,  Stuart 

1928 

Lucey,  Edmund  T. 

1922 

Overton,  Eugene 

1921 

Lyman,  Edward  D. 

1912 

Pace,  Trc^y 

1922 

Lynn,  Roy  A. 

19ifii 

Page,  Benjamin  E. 

1928 

Lyon,  Frederick  8. 

1922 

Peaae,  Robert  M. 

1922 

ICcAdoo.  Alfred  H. 

1913 

Peirce,  George  H. 

1918 

McAdoo,  William  0. 

1921 

Plumb,  P.  B. 

1920 

McCarthy,  Neil  S. 

1906 

Porter,  Frank  M. 

1922 

IfcDill,  George  W. 

1922 

Post,  Gharles  A. 

1918 

ICcOarry,  M.  J. 

1922 

Potter,  Gharles  F. 

1921 

ICcKinley,  J.  W.,  Jr. 

1922 

Prichard,  George  A. 

1982 

ICcNitt,  RoUin  L. 

1922 

Prince,  H.  F. 

1928 

McPherrin,  Paul  H. 

1880 

Prussing,  Eugene  E. 

1919 

MacDonald,   Alexander 

1912 

Pyle,  Emery  Clinton 

1918 

MacDonald,   J.    Wiseman 

1916 

Quayle,   Alexandres  J. 

1921 

ICacFarland.  John  G. 

1922 

Radir-Norton,    Vere 

1920 

Mackay,    Henry    Square- 

1922 

Randall,  L.  B. 

brigga,  Jr. 

1921 

Rankin,  John  W. 

1919 

MacNeil.  Sayie 

1022 

Reed,  Thomas  B. 

18U 

Manierre,   George  W. 

1921 

Reppy,  Roy  V. 

1922 

ICann,  Lelande 

1922 

Reynolds,  Howanl  W. 

1928 

Marshall,   Humphrey 

1922 

Richardson,  Robert  W. 

1928 

Martin,  George  Miner 

1918 

Riddle,  Lee 

1982 

Martin,  Theodore 

1922 

Ridgway,  Thomas  G. 

1911 

Mason,  Norman  T. 

1922 

Riggins,  Harley  E. 

1906 

Meaerve,  Edwin  A. 

1922 

Ritter,  Allen  Gerald 

1922 

Meaerve,  Shirley  E. 

1922 

Robertson,  Howard 

1982 

MiUar,  W.  R. 

1922 

Robinson,  Dudley 

1922 

Miller,    Kenton   A. 

1922 

Robinson,   Thomas  W. 

1906 

MUlikin,  E.  E. 

1922 

RobinHon,  William  H. 

1922 

MitoheU,  W.  Egbert 

1918 

Robe,  Glifford  A. 

1922 

Moerdyke,  N.  P. 

1918 

Root,  Edwin  B. 

1912 

Monnette,  Orra  B. 

1922 

Roseberry,  L.  H. 

1889 

Monroe,  Chafles 

1914 

Ross,  Erskine  M. 

1922 

Montgomery,  Ghas.  G. 

1919 

Roth,  Lester  Wm. 

1922 

Moore,  Minor 

1921 

Salisbury,  Stuart  M. 

1922 

Morgrage,   Wilbert 

1922 

Sampeell,  Paul  W. 

1922 

Morriaon,   Fred  W. 

1921 

Schauer,  B.   Rey 

1922 

Morrison,   Willis   L 

1921 

Schmidt,  Ruben  S. 

1922 

Morrow,   H.   T. 

1906 

Scott,  Joseph 

1913 

Moas,  Leon  F. 

1921 

Seaver.  Byron  D. 

1913 

Mott,  John  G. 

1921 

Selby,  Edward  Bi. 

1922 

Mouitree,  Lloyd  W. 

1922 

Shannon,   Michael  F. 

1918 

Mowery,  George  A. 

1922 

Shaw,  An'in  B.,  Jr. 

1906 

Mueller,  Oscar  G. 

1921 

Shelton,  W.  C. 

1921 

Murphey,  Robert  B. 

1022 

Sbenk,  John   W. 

1988 

Musick,  E. 

1922 

Shepherd,   Howard  P. 

Loo  AagolOf  (Los  Angeles) 
Gont'd 

1921  Shoemaker,  Glyde  O. 
1981  Simons,   Seward  A. 

1922  Skinner,   Newton  J. 
1921  Slosaon,  Leonard  B. 
1921  Stephens,  Henry  J. 

1921  Stephens,  Raymond  W. 

1922  Sterry,  Norman  S. 
1922  Stick,  John  G. 

1921  Stimson,  Marafaall 

1922  Stone,  Duke 

1914  Stoneman,  George  J. 

1908  Storrs,  H.  E. 

1916  Stuart,  Zebulon  B. 

1922  Sutton,  Ghaa.  TLcmas 

1928  Tappaan,  Glair  S. 

1922  Thorns,  Glifford  L. 

1921  Thorpe,   Spencer 

1921  Tbland,  Thomas  O. 

1918  Tribit,  Gharles  H.,  Jr. 
1899  Trippet,  Oscar  A. 

1919  Tuller,  Walter  K. 

1922  Turner,   Richard  A. 
1022  Valentine,  Louia  Hulett 
1922  Ysllee,  Paul 

1921  Van  Pelt,  Walter  G. 

1921  Variel,   R.  H.  F.,  Jr. 

1922  Verheyen,  A.  J. 
1914  Vigg,  Sandor  J. 

1919  Walker,   Irving  M. 
1922  Walters,  R.  T, 

1921  Ward,  Ghandler  P. 

1922  Ward,  Sherley  G. 
1922  Webb,  Arthur  G. 
1918  Wchrle,   E.  F. 
1922  Weller,  Dana  R. 
1922  Westervelt,  James 
1922  Weyl,  Bertin  A. 

1914  White,  Thomas  P. 

1915  Will,  Arthur  P. 
1921  Williams,  E.  8. 

1921  Williams,    Eugene  D. 

1922  Willis,  Frank  R. 

1921  Wilson,  Emmet  H. 

1920  Wilson,  Horace  Sandes 

1922  Wood,  John  Perry 
1918  Woodruff,  George  H. 

1921  Woolwine,    Glare 
1895  Works,  John  D. 
1918  Wright,  Alfred 

1921  Wright,   Arthur 

1922  Wright,  Howanl  W. 
1922  York,  Waldo  Marvin 
1922  Young,  E.  R. 

1921  Young,  Lyndol  L. 

1918  Young,  Milton  K. 


890 


AMEBIGAK  BAB  ASSOOIATIOK. 


Ibdera  (Maden) 

102S  Barcroft,    David   P. 

1922  Barcroft,  Joseph 

1022  Green«  Sherwood 

1922  Maxim,  Harry  I. 

ICartlnes  (Oontra  Oosta) 

1922  Bray,  A.  F. 

1922  Hoey,  James  F. 

1922  Ormsby,  Alfred  D. 

1922  Rodgers,  J.   E. 

1922  Tinning,  W.  S. 

1922  Wight,  Ralph  H. 

XmzyiYllle  (Tuba) 

1922  Belcher,  Richard 

1922  Oarlin,  W.  H. 

1922  ICcDaniel,  Eugene  P. 

1922  Stanwood,  Edward  B. 

Xodesto  (Stanislaus) 

1922  Boone,  Frank  G. 

1922  Boone,  Thomas  0. 

1922  Broughton,  E.  B. 

1922  Carlson,  Arthur  J. 

1922  Oittenden,  James  L. 

1922  Cross,  Joseph  M. 

1922  Dennett,  Lewis  L. 

1922  Fulkirth,  L.  A. 

1922  Griffin,  P.  H. 

1922  Hawkins.  N.  A. 

1922  Jennings,  J.  B. 

1922  Maxey,  Ray  B. 

a922  Needbam,  J.  0. 

1922  Scott,  Thomas  B. 

1922  Zion,  Edwin  H. 

Xont«r67  (Monterey) 
1922    Hudson,  W.  O. 
1922    Treat,  Fred  A. 

Hapa   (Napa) 

1922  Ooombs,  Frank  L. 

1922  Johnston,  L.  E. 

1922  King,  Percy  J. 

1922  Nieto,  I.  P. 

1922  Palmer,  J.  M. 

1922  Riggins,    Clarence    W. 

1922  Webber,  Edward  L. 

1922  York,  John  T. 

Hevada  City  (Nerada) 
1922    Searls,  Carroll 

OAkland  (Alameda) 

1921    Abbott,  Carl  H. 

1921  Beardsley,  (Tharles  A. 

1922  Brown,  Ererett  J. 


OALZrOSVZA 

Oakland   (Alameda)   Cont'd 

1922  '  Burpee,  Walter  J. 
1922    CSalkins,  John,  Jr. 
1922    Osrey,  Philip  M.         ^ 
1922    Chamberlain,  R.   H..  Jr. 

1921  Chapman,  M.  C. 

1922  Church,  L.  8. 

1921  Crosby,  Peter  J. 
1918    Donahue,   William  H. 

1922  Dunn,  Jesse  J. 

1918  Fitzgerald,  Robert  M. 

1922  Hayes,  William  J. 

1922  Hynes,   W.  H. 

1921  McDonald,  John  J. 
1922*  Peck,  C.  M. 

1922  Peck,   James   F. 
1922  Probasco,  Ramsey 
1922  Robinson,     Edward    C. 
1922  Silverstein,  Bernard 
1922  Taaheira,    A.   G. 

1922  White,  Carlos  G. 

1922  White.  Earl  D. 

1922  Whittle.   Albert  L. 

1922  Wittschen,  T.   P. 

Ontario  (San  Bernardino) 

1915  JoUiffe.   Elisha  H. 

Orange   (Orange) 
1922    Mellen,  John 

Oroville  (Butte) 
1922    Gregory,  H,  D. 

Oznard  (Ventura) 

1922    Blackstock,    (Tharles    F. 
1922    Downs,  Henry  C. 
1922    Durley,   Mark 

Palo  Alto  (SanU  Clara) 

1918  Carpenter,  Clay 

1906  Fullerton,  William  D. 

1922  Malcolm.  Norman  E. 

1922  Schneider.   Frederick 

Paaadena  (Los  Angeles) 

1922  Butler,    Maynard   B. 

1922  Dunham,   Frank   C. 

1916  Gibbs,   George   A. 
1913  Hacker,    Nicholas  W. 
1913  Ong,  Walter  C. 

1922  Rowland,   A.    Lincoln 

1922  Taylor,  Edward  Everett 

1906  Thompson,    William    H. 

1906  Waldo,  George  E. 

1912  Whittlesey,  George  P. 


Pdtaluna  (Sonoma) 

1922  Burke,  Frank  J. 

1922  Dole,  Edward  J. 

1922  Donohoe,    Bmmett   L 

1922  Howell,  Fred  8. 

Plttaburg  (Contra  CraU) 
1922    Wolfe,  R.  N. 

PortMTtUe  (Tblare) 
1922    Knupp,  Guy 

Bed    Bluff    (Tehama) 
1922    McCoy,  A.  M. 

Bedding  (Shasta) 

1922  Cut,   Frincis 

1922  (Thenoweth,  Orr  M. 

1922  Dean,  Arthur  M. 

1922  Kennedy,  Laurence  J. 

1922  Leininger,  C.  W. 

Bedwood  Oity  (San  Mateo) 

1922  Bullock,  J.  Joa^ 

1922  Machado,  John  H. 

1922  Manafleld,   Albert 

1922  O'KeeCe,  Jamea  T. 

1922  Ross,  Hall  O. 

1922  Ross,  Lee  T. 

1922  Swart,   Franklin 

Blchmond  (0>ntra  OoeU) 

1922  Oalfee,  T.  N. 

1922  Carlson,  Tliomaa  M. 

1922  Delap,  T.  H. 

1922  Hannum,   Clarence  9. 

1982  Jacobs,  Hiram  B. 

1922  Bobenson,  WUl  & 

BlTerelde  (Rirerside) 

1922  Best,  Raymond 

1917  Craig,  Hugh  H. 

1922  Davison,  Walter  G. 

1922  Ellia,  W.  H. 

1913  Eatudino,   Miguel 

1922  Evans,  Lyman 

1913  Freeman,  O.  B. 

1922  French,  George  A. 

1907  Gandy,  Newton  8. 

1922  Hamblin,  Fred  L. 

1922  Irving,  W.  O. 

1922  Kell^,  Loyal  C. 

1922  McFartand,  C.  L. 

1922  Moore,  R.  A. 

1922  Saran,  (Seorge  A. 

1917  Thompson,  H.  L. 

1922  Winder,  A.  Heber 


8aonuii«ito  (Becmnoito) 

192S  Brand.  Clyde  H. 

1822  Burnett,   ▲.  O. 

1921  BuBh,  George  B. 
1912  Butler,  J.  W.  S. 

1922  Crocker,  Charles  H. 
1922  DerUn,  Bobert  T. 
1922  Derlin,  Wm.  H. 
1922  Elliott,  a  A. 

1922  Farrell,  T.  A. 

1922  French,  H.  Nelaon 

1922  Funke,  H.  W. 

1922  Qaddia,  Byron  E. 

1922  Oib«>n,  Irring  D. 

1922  Haiter,  Clinton  B. 

1922  Harria,  Fred  J. 

1922  Hatfldd,  T.  L. 

1922  Johnaon,  Fontaine 

1922  Klelnaorge,   William  E. 

1922  McKlaick,   R.  T. 

1918  McUttghlin,  Charles  B. 

1922  March,  John  C. 

1922  Meredith.  James  D. 

1922  Metteer,  C.  F. 

1922  Needham,  Inring 

1922  Parkinson,    Valla  E. 

1922  mgott,  John  T. 

1922  Shepherd,  Wallace 

1922  Smith.  Albert  D. 

1922  Smith,  Ralph  W. 

1922  Swlaler.  Charles  A. 

1922  Tide,  Frank 

1922  Van  Dyke,  B.  F. 

1922  West,  Percy  O. 

1922  White,  Clinton  L. 

1922  White,  Herbert  E. 

1922  Work,  George  A. 

Baliaa*  (Monterey) 

1922  Bardin,  J.  A. 

1922  Rosendale.  Charles  B. 

1922  Scott,  Ruasen 

Bftn  B«nArdiao  (San  Bemar- 
dino) 

1922  Bates,  Prank  T. 

1922  Cartia,  J.  W. 

1916  Gridley,  Ernest  C. 

1922  Holcomb.   Grant 

1922  Richards.  Darid  W. 

1918  Surr,  Howard 

1922  Swing,  Ralph  B. 

1922  Warner,  Boijamin  F. 

Baa  DieffO  (San  Diego) 

1922  Bell,  Dwight  D. 

1922  Bennett,  Vernon  F. 

1922  Bfauiard.  Morrb 


911 
1920 


922 
922 
921 
922 
921 
.922 
918 
922 


922 
922 
919 
918 
919 
922 
.922 
919 
922 


919 
922 
922 
922 


918 
919 


918 
922 
922 


922 
922 
922 
922 
922 
922 
922 


922 
922 
922 
922 
912 
,922 
1912 


922 


0ALI70BHIA 

Diego  (San  Diego)  Cont'd 

Bischoff,  H.  J. 
Bowlby.  John  H. 
Bowman,  Abram  B. 
Breckenridge,  James  J. 
Burr,  Leslie  L. 
Barry,  George 
CJary,  W.  P. 
Casebeer.  Arthnr  J. 
0)nnell,  Stephen 
Crouch,   Charles  C. 
Daney.   Eugene 
Davis,  W.  Jefferson 
Evana,   William  H. 
Francis,  Wirt 
Oazlay,  Frank  A. 
Gray,  Gordon 
Haines,  A. 
Hamilton,  Robert  R. 
Harden,  Clarence 
Harris,  Ray  M. 
Heskett.  Frank  H. 
Hillyer,  Oirtis 
Hubbell,  E.  E. 
Jenney,  Ralph  E. 
Johnson.   C!ar1   Alex. 
Johnson,  E.  L. 
Kirby,  Lewis  R. 
Lsnnon,    Edward   T. 
Libby,  Warren  E. 
Undley,  Fred  E. 
Luce.  Edgar  A. 
McCorkle.  John  H. 
McKee.  Dempster 
Maoomber,  Frank  J. 
Martin,  Nicholas  J. 
Mirow.  Wm.   G. 
Morrison,  Wm.  L. 
MosBholder.  W.  J. 
Munkelt,  Glen  H. 
O'Keefe,  James  E. 
Pfanstiel,  James  G. 
Puterbaugh,  Johnson  W. 
Richardson,  F.  L. 
Rogers.  Allen  E. 
Sample,  E.  P. 
Sloane.  Harrison  G. 
Siriith,  Laurence  H. 
Spr^ra.  Patterson 
Springer,  Rolland  C. 
Steams,  Frederic  W. 
Stone,  George  H. 
Sweet,  A.  H. 
lliompson,  Adam 
Titus,  Horton  L. 
Torrance,  E.  Swift 
TkeadweU,   AlUene   Wet- 
more 


Baa  Diego  (San  Diego)  Cont'd 

1922  Tucker,  J.  Z. 

1922  Vanwinkle,  C.  H. 

1922  Wadham,  James  B. 

1922  Walters,  Byroa  J. 

1922  Ward,  J.   M. 

1912  Ward,  M.  L. 

1922  Webber,  Lane  D. 

1922  Weinberger.  Jacob 

1922  Winnek,  E.  V. 

1922  Wright,  Leroy  A. 

Baa  Fraaolaco    (San    Fraa* 
Cisco) 

913  Abbott,    Wm.   M. 

922  Ach,  Henry 

921  Ackerman,    Uoyd   8. 

921  Adama,  Anette  Abbott 

921  Adams,  (Carles  Albert 

922  Agnew.  Albert  C. 

921  Aitken,  Frank  W. 

922  Alexander,  Jewel 

921  Allan.  Thomaa  A. 

922  Allan,    R.    E. 
922  Altman,  John  O. 
922  Ames,    Aldem 

921  Andrews,  W.  S. 

922  Angellotti,  Ftaak  M. 
922  Appel,  GSyril 
922  Armstrong,    R.    M.    J. 
922  Arnold,  G.  S. 
918  Atheam.  Fred.  G. 

920  Atwood,  CHarence  G. 
922  Austin,  Frank  B. 

917  Baldwin,  A.  R. 

921  Barber.  Gscar  T. 

921  Barendt,  Arthur  H. 

922  Barrows,  R.  K. 
922  Barrows,   W.   H. 
922  Barry,  J.  E. 

921  Bartlett,  Louis 

922  Bayless,  W.  S. 
922  Beckett,  C.  Tucker 
922  Becsey,  Roland 
913  Beedy,  Louis  S. 
922  Bell,  Golden  W. 
921  Benjamin.  Raymond 

1922  Bennett,  Eugene  D. 

921  Bergerot,  P.  A. 

921  Berry,  Fred  L. 

922  Bien,  Joseph  E. 
922  Billings,  William  B. 

918  Black,  Alfred  P. 
922  Blakeman.  T.  Z. 
922  Blanckenburg,  G.  B. 

921  Bluxome.  Joseph  F. 

922  Boland,  F.  Eldred 
1922  Bohon,  Arthnr  W. 


892 


AMERICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


1922 
1922 
1918 
1922 
1918 
1922 
1921 
1918 
1918 
1922 
1922 
1922 
1918 
1918 
1922 
1921 
1921 
1922 
1922 
1922 
1922 
1922 
1922 
1922 
1922 
1922 
1921 
1922 
1922 
1921 
1918 
1921 
1922 
1922 
1922 
1922 
1921 
1922 
1922 
1922 
1922 
1921 
1922 
1922 
1922 
1921 
1921 
1922 
1922 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1898 
1922 
19X1 
JB18 


Fnuieltoo    (San  Fna- 

clfloo)  Cont'd 
Booth,   Henley  Clifton 
Borland,  Robert  H. 
Botlej,  Wm.  BnuUord 
Boyken,  A.  .W. 
Boynton,  Albert  E. 
Boynton,  Charles  C. 
Bradley,   Christopher  If. 
Brandenstein,    H.    U. 
Brann,  Walter  8. 
Breen,   Peter  A. 
BreeKe,  Thomas  H. 
Bridgford,    Eugene    A. 
Brittain,  Prank  S. 
Brobeck,  W.  I. 
Bronson,  Roy  A. 
Brookman,  Douglas 
Brouillet,  A.  W. 
Brown,   I.    I. 
Brown,  Joseph  A. 
Bnin,  Samuel  Jacques 
Brane,  Bmest  L. 
Buckley,  Christopher  W. 
Burke,  Andrew  F. 
Burks,  Leslie  E. 
Burnett,  W.  S. 
Bush,  Samuel  T. 
Byington,  Lewis  F. 
Byrnes,  Charles  W. 
Cabaniss,  George  H. 
Osmpbell,  Donald  Yorke 
Cannon,  William  If. 
Carr,  Sterling 
Carter,  Royle  A. 
Cashman,  W.  E. 
Oastelhun,  F.  J. 
Caulfleld,   0.   Harold 
Cerf,  Marcel  E. 
Chadboume,  H.  F. 
Chamberlin,  Herbert 
Chandler,  A.  E. 
Chapman.  Edgar  G. 
Chickering,    Allen   L. 
Childs,  E. 
Cluff.  Alfred  T. 
Coffey,  Edward  I. 
Coffey,  Jeremiah  V. 
Cnirhlan,  John  P. 
Colby.  William  E. 
Coleman,  Byron 
Colston,  James  E. 
Oonlin,  Eugene  F. 
Connolly,  Geo.-ge  A. 
Cooley,  A.  E. 
Corbet,  Burke 
Cormac,  T.   E.   K. 
Cornish,  Frank  V. 
Goontryman,   Robert  H. 


OALXPOEHIA 

Bftii  FranoUoo    (San  Fran- 
cisco) Cont'd 

1921  Crabbe,   John  Hammond 

1922  Crane,  Arthur  Batburst 

1913  Creed,  W.  E, 
1922  Oritcber,  Alan  H. 

1921  Crittenden,   William  a 

1921  Cross,  R.  H. 

1922  OrotbeHk  George  Edward 
1922  Orotherik  R*  A. 

1922  Crothers,  Thomas  G. 

1921  Crowley,  Louis  V. 

1921  Cullinan,  Eustace 

1922  Conha,  Edward  A. 
1918  Gushing,  O.  S. 
1918  Gushing,  O.  K. 

1917  Cutten,  C.  P. 

1918  Dall,    Cornelius  G. 
1922  Davis,  John  F. 
1922  Deahl,  John  L. 

1922  De  Bettencourt,  Jose  h, 

1918  Deering,  Frank  P. 

1921  Deering,  James  H. 

1921  DeForest,  J.  G. 

1922  DeLigne,  A.  A. 

1912  Denman,  William 

1914  Denning,  J.  Henry 

1921  Derby,  S.  Hasket 

1922  Demham,  Monte  A. 
1914  DeRoy.  Irvtn  E. 

1921  Dcssouslary,  A.  P. 

1922  Devlin,  Frank  R. 
1922  Devoto,  Anthony 

1921  Dibble,  Oliver 

1922  Dibblee,   Albert  J. 

1913  Dinkelspiel,  Henry  G.  W. 
1921  Dooling,  Maurice  T.,  Jr. 

1921  Dom,  Winfield 

1922  Dorr,  Frederick  W. 

1921  Dorsey,  J.  W. 

1922  Douglas,   J.    Frankli'' 
1922  Dow,   W.   A. 

1922  Dowd,  Mervyn  R. 

1922  Downing,  William  S. 

1922  Dosier,  Thomas  B.,  Jr. 

1922  Dreher,  Fred  L. 

1922  Drew,  Frank  C. 

1922  Drobisch,  Walter  •£. 

1922  Drum,  John  S. 

1922  Duane,  Walter  H. 

1922  Dunlap,  Boutwell 

1922  Dunne,    Frank    H. 

1921  Dunne,  J.  J. 

1906  Dunne,  Peter  F. 

1921  Durbrow,   C.   W. 

1922  Du    Val,    Ralph    William 
1922  Dwyer,  J.  J. 

1913  Eells,  Charles  P. 

1916  Ehrman,  S.  M. 


San  Vkaaoigoo   (San  Fraa- 

citoo)  Cont'd 

1910  Eickhoff,  Henry 

1921  Elkins,  Luther 

918  Elliot,  Albert  H. 

922  Ellsworth,  Oliver 

922  Epsteen,  Elbert  M. 

920  Erskine,  Herbert  W. 
922  Erskinct  Morse 

921  Evans,  Perry 

922  Fallon,  Joseph  P, 

921  Farmer,  Miltoo  T. 

922  Filippini,  John  V. 
922  Finch,  Fabius  T. 
922  Foerster,  Roland  O. 
908  Folaom,  Myron  A. 
918  Ford,  Tir?y  L. 

922  Foulda,  E.  J. 

922  Foortner,  August  L. 

922  Fratessa,  Paul  P. 

921  Frits,  AUred  J. 
918  Frohman,  laaac 

922  Frost,  C.  A.  S. 

921  Gaylord,  Robert  B. 

922  Gendotti,  Joseph  A. 
922  Gerstle,  Mark  L. 
922  Gherini,  Ambrose 
922  Gillett,  J.  N. 

922  Goldberg,  John  J. 

922  Goodell,  O.  J. 

918  Goodfellow,  Hugh 

922  Goodman,  Louis  E. 

918  Goodrich,  Chsune«y  8. 

922  Gordon,  Hugh 

918  Gorrill.  William  H. 

922  Graham,  William  & 

922  Grant.  William 

921  Gray,  Charles  A. 

922  Greene,  A.  Crawford 
922  Gregory,  T.  T.  O. 
912  Gregory,  Warren 

922  Griffiths,  Famham  P. 

922  Haber,  Joseph,  Jr. 

922  Hackett,  O.  Ndani 

922  Hadsell,  D. 

916  Hale,  Theodore 

922  Hall,  Chaffee  E. 

922  Hall.  Frank 

922  Hall,  Frederick  W. 

922  Hamm,  L.  S. 

922  Hanley,  James  M. 

922  Hanlon,  Charles  F. 

922  Harding,  R.  T. 

918  Harriaon,   Edward   O. 

920  Harriaon,  Maurice  & 

916  Harrison,  Richaid  C 

922  Haswell.  Charles  W. 

021  Hsvcn,  Harold  R. 

018  Haven,  Thongs  R. 


STATE   LIST  OF  MBHBBB8  BY   CITIES  AND  TOWNS. 


893 


OALIFOBinA 


1 

fka 

Fnnoltco    (San   Prto- 
dsoo)   Cont'd 

Ban 

Fnnolioo    (San   Fran- 
cisco) Cont'd 

Bftii 

1012 

Hayes,  B.  L. 

1922 

Uwlor,  William  P. 

1896 

1922 

Healy,  Timothy 

1922 

Leicester,  J.  F. 

1922 

I9ie 

Heller,  E.  S. 

1922 

Lennon,  Thomas  J. 

1922 

1918 

Hen|(BtIer,  Louis  T. 

1921 

Levy,  David  L. 

1918 

1922 

Hemhall,  R.   P. 

1921 

Levy,   Lawrence  L. 

1921 

1918 

Herrin,   William  F. 

1922 

Lewis,  John  M. 

1922 

1922 

Herrington,  Oeorge 

1922 

Lewis,  R.  F. 

1922 

1922 

HeflB,  William  T. 

1922 

Liechti,   Arnold  W. 

1921 

1 

1922 

Hettman,   Walter  E. 

1918 

Lillick,  Ira  S. 

1922 

1922 

Hejrwood,  John  Guthrie 

1922 

Linforth.  Walter  H. 

1913 

1922 

Himmel,  James  A. 

1922 

Lingenfelter,  C.  H. 

1915 

191S 

Hinckleyp  Prank  E. 

1919 

Linney,  HartweU  H. 

1922 

1922 

Hobbs.   H.   W. 

1922 

Lipman,    George   M. 

1922 

1920 

Hodfhead,  Beverly  L. 

1922 

Loeb.  Albert  I. 

1918 

1922 

Hoefler,  L.  M. 

1922 

Loewy,    Walter 

1921 

1922 

Hoge,  J.  Hampton 

1922 

Loftus,   William   A. 

1922 

1922 

Hohfeld,  Edward 

1918 

Long,  Percy  V. 

1918 

1922 

Houghton,    Edward    T. 

1918 

Lovell,  Charles  H. 

1922 

k 

1916 

How,  Jared 

1914 

Lom,  Burt  F. 

1921 

1922 

Hubbard,  T.  W. 

1918 

Lyders,  E. 

1922 

1920 

Hubbard,  William  P. 

1922 

Lynch,  Thomas  B. 

1922 

1922 

Hughes,  0.  T. 

1922 

Lyons,   J.   E. 

1918 

^ 

1922 

Humphrey,  C.  F. 

1922 

McAuliffe,  Florence  M. 

1914 

I 

ft 

1921 

Humphrey,  William  F. 

1922 

McCaughey,  J.  W. 

1922 

i 

1921 

Humphrey*,  Wm.  Penn 

1922 

McClanahan,  Edmund  B. 

1922 

1914 

Hunt,  William  H. 

1922 

McClorke,  Reed 

1922 

K 

1922 

Hutchinson,  J.  S. 

1922 

McCulloch,  Alexander 

1918 

1922 

Hutchinson,  Joseph  K. 

1918 

McCutchen,  Edward  J. 

1918 

t 

•• 

1922 

Jacks,  Lile  T. 

1922 

McDougal,   Frank  J. 

1922 

1922 

Jackson,  B.  M. 

1918 

McEnemey,  Garret  W. 

1921 

^ 

1921 

Jacobs,  Henry  A. 

1922 

McGee,  William  0. 

1921 

lil 

1922 

James,  Leander  L.,  Jr. 

1922 

Mc(}owan,    (Seorge   A, 

1922 

■sfi 

1922 

Joel,  Arthur 

1922 

Mclnemey,  Joseph 

1921 

1921 

Johnson,  Archibald  M. 

1921 

Mcintosh,  Miles  W. 

1922 

0^ 

1921 

Johnson,  Hiram  W.,  Jr. 

1913 

McKannay,  Harry  O. 

1922 

i»5 

-                         1922 

Jones,  Madison  Ralph 

1922 

MoKeon,  Joseph  B. 

1921 

C 

1922 

Jordan,  Thomas  C. 

1922 

McKenzie,  Harry  A. 

1922 

fi. 

1922 

Judkins,  T.  C. 

1918 

McKevitt,   Hugh  K. 

1922 

^f. 

i                       1922 

Kaufman,   delen 

1897 

McKinney,  William  M. 

1922 

tC 

1922 

Reane,  Augustine  C. 

1918 

McKlnstry,  J.  C. 

1913 

it* 

1918 

Keesling,  Francis  V. 

1921 

McNab.  Gavin 

1922 

,•# 

3'                        1921 

Kehoe,  William 

1922 

McNab,  John  L. 

1916 

t                         1928 

Kelly»  James  Raleigh 

1922 

McNulty,  Frederick  W. 

1922 

t  r 

»f                        1920 

Keyes,    Alexander   D. 

1922 

McNutt,   Maxwell 

1922 

itn 

Kidd,  A.  M. 

1922 

McPike.  H.  H. 

19221 

-.^-^ 

1922 

Kimball,  Rufus  Hatch 

1922 

Mc Williams,  Robert  L. 

1921 

1922 

Kirk,  Joseph 

1922 

Maddux,  Parker  S. 

1918 

Iff' 

1921 

Knight,  E.  0. 

1918 

Madison,  F.  D. 

1922 

vi                     1918 

Knight,  Samuel 

1921 

Magee,  E.  DeLos 

1922 

-iff- 

1922 

Kollmyer,    Wro.    Blythe 

1921 

Mann,  Seth 

1922 

.1                  in8 

Kuhl,  Max  J. 

1922 

Manning,  J.  E. 

1921 

-^ 

;.:                        1922 

Lamont,   Donald  Y. 

1922 

Mannon,  J.  M.,  Jr. 

1922 

l>' 

^                         1918 

Lamson,  J.  S. 

1918 

Mansfield,  Walter  D. 

1922 

Langdon,  W.  H. 

1921 

Manson,  Philip  L 

1922 

5,1 

1921 

Langbome,  James  P. 

1922 

Marks,  Milton 

1921 

.* 

"   ■                      

>/                      1822 

.J                    MB 

Lansburg,  S.  Lax 

1922 

Marrin,  Paul  & 

1922 

^^• 

Lftugfalin.  Oafl 

1922 

MiUBhall,  John  William 

1916 

^'■ 


Vnnoiioo    (San   Fran- 
cisco)  0>nt*d 
May,  Henry  F. 
Mayer,  Joseph  H. 
Mazuran,  Marion  J. 
Metson,  W.  H. 
Meyerstein,  Joseph  0. 
Michael,  Harry  E. 
Michelson,  Albert 
Miller,  H.  B.  M. 
Miller,  J.  Paul 
Miller,   John  H. 
Milverton,    Frederick   W. 
Megan,    Richard   F. 
Molkenhuhr,  S.  W. 
Monroe.  Henry  E. 
Monteagle,  Paige 
Moore,    Courtney   L. 
Moore,  Stanley 
Moran,  Edward  F. 
Moran,  Nathan 
Morris,    Charles    B. 
Morris,    J.    H. 
Morris,  Leon  E. 
Morrow,    William   W. 
Mott,   Ernest  J. 
Moulthrop,  J.    R. 
Murasky,  Prank  J. 
Nathan,  Milton  A. 
Newhouae,  Hugo  D. 
Newman,    Harold   L. 
Newmark,  Milton 
Neylan,  John  Francis    . 
Noble,  Robert  H. 
Nutting,  Franklin  P. 
Oatman,  C.  H. 
O'Brien.  J.   M. 
OddJe,   ClarenVe  M. 
O'Donnell,  Joseph  E. 
Oliver,  Boyd 
Oliver,    James    M. 
Olney,    Warren,   Jr. 
Ombaun,  Casper  A. 
Orrick,   William  H. 
Otis,  Edwin  M. 
O'Toole,  John  T. 
Parker,  Byron  0. 
Partridge,  John  S. 
Patton,  Charles  L. 
PawUcki,  T.  E. 
Peart,  Hartley  F. 
Peery,  Cffiarles  S. 
Peixotto,  Edgar  D. 
Perkins,  Thoma:;:  Allen 
Peterson,  Fred.  C. 
Phillips,  Esther  B. 
Phleger,  Herman  H. 
Picard,  Albert 
PilUbury,  H.  D. 


894 


AUEBICAK  BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


Bui 

Fnuiolioo    (San   Fran- 
cisco) Cont'd 

tan 

1022 

PilLsbury,  Warren  H. 

1921 

1922 

Politier,  Jerome 

1922 

1922 

Porter,  Robert  C. 

1922 

1922 

Postel,  Waldo  F. 

1922 

1918 

Powell,  Howell  A. 

1918 

1922 

Powell,  W.  K. 

1921 

1922 

Pratt,  Elinor  D. 

1922 

1922 

Pratt,  Onrille  C,  Jr. 

1922 

1921 

Preston,  John  W. 

1922 

1922 

Pringle,  B.  J. 

1922 

1922 

Ra^land,  R.  E. 

1922 

1922 

Raymond,  Albert 

1918 

1889 

Redding,  Josepn  D. 

1918 

1921 

RediniTton,  Arthur  H. 

1922 

1918 

Redman,   Lander   A. 

1920 

1922 

ResLeure,   J.   F. 

1922 

1922 

Reyman,  Harold  0. 

1922 

1922 

Richards,  D.  B. 

1922 

1922 

Richards,    John   E. 

1922 

1921 

Richter,   Erwin  E. 

1922 

1922 

Riley,   Stanislaus  A. 

1922 

1913 

Rixford,  E.  H. 

1921 

1921 

Rixford,   Halsey  L. 

1922 

1922 

Robbins,  Lloyd  IL 

1913 

1922 

Robbins,  Milo  R. 

1922 

1922 

Robertson,  Oeorge  M. 

1922 

1922 

Robinson,   Elmer  E. 

1922 

1921 

Roche,  Theo.  J. 

1922 

1922 

Roehl,  A.  B. 

1922 

1922 

Rose,  Willism  F. 

1918 

1921 

Rosenshlne,  Albert  A. 

1916 

1922 

Rothchild,    Herbert   L. 

1922 

1913 

Rothchild,   Walter 

1922 

1922 

Ryan,  Daniel  A. 

1922 

1922 

Samter,  Samuel  M. 

1921 

1922 

Samuels,  Jacob 

1918 

1922 

Samuels,  Marcus  L. 

1921 

1922 

Sanborn,  H.  H. 

1916 

1922 

Sanderson,  A.  A. 

1918 

1921 

Sapiro,  Milton  D. 

1921 

1921 

Sargent,  Oeorge  Ciark 

1922 

1916 

Sawyer,  Harold  M. 

1922 

1922 

Schapiro,  Esmond 

1922 

1922 

Schleeinger,    Amanda 

1922 

1922 

Schlesinger,   Bert    \ 

1918 

1921 

Schmulowitz,  Nat. 

1922 

1922 

Schunck,  Dorothea 

1922 

1922 

Scott,  James  Walter 

1921 

.1922 

Searls,  Robert  M. 

1914 

1922 

Selby,  John  R. 

1922 

1922 

Shapiro,  L.  H. 

1922 

1918 

Sharpsteen,    W.    0. 

1922 

1913 

Shaw,  A.  E. 

1922 

1922 

Shaw,  Lucien 

1922 

1922 

Shelton,  Walter 

1921 

1922 

Sherman,  Roger 

1916 

1922 

Short,  John  Douglas 

1921 

OALZFO&VIA 

Fnuioiioo    (San   Fran- 
cisco)  (Tont'd 
Shoup,  Guy  V. 
Shuey,  Clarence  A« 
Shuman,  Blair  S. 
Shuman,  J.  F. 
Shurtleff,   Clharles  A. 
Silva,  Frank  M. 
Simmons,  W.  M, 
Sinclair,  John  A. 
Singer,   William   Menzies 
Sinton,  Edgar 
Skaife,  Alfred  C. 
Slack,  Charles  W. 
Slack,  Walter 
Sloane,  W.  A. 
Sloss,  M.  C. 
Smith,  DeLancey  C. 
Smith,  Grant  H. 
Smith,  WUbur  R. 
Smith,  WiUard  P. 
Smith.  William  H..  Jr. 
Soto,  R.  M.  F« 
Spaulding,  W.  H. 
Spence,  Homer  R. 
Steinhart,   Jesse  H. 
Stevens,  Martin 
Stevens,  Samuel  S. 
Stevick,  Guy  LeRoy 
Stidger,   O.    P. 
Stone,  Byron  F.,  Jr. 
Stoney,  OaiUard 
Straub,  Thomas  J. 
Stringham,  Frank  D. 
Strong,  Charles  A. 
Sturtevant,    Geo.    Abram 
Sullivan,  Harry  F. 
Sullivan,  Jeremiah  P. 
Sullivan,  Matt.  I. 
Susman,  Leo  H. 
Sutro,  Oscar 
Sweet,  Joe  O. 
Talbott,  Edward  J. 
Thacher,  Thomas  A. 
Tharp,  Lawrence  H. 
Theisen,  S.  Joseph 
Thelen,  Max 
Thomas,  F.  F.,  Jr. 
Thomas,  James  M. 
Thomas,   William 
Thome,  Paul  C. 
Tbunen,  Frank 
Titus,  Louis 
Todd,  (Tlarence  E. 
Torchiana,  H.  A.  Van  O. 
Torregano,  Ernest  J. 
Towne,  Percy  E. 
Townsend,  Charles  E. 
I^amutolo,  Chaunoejr 


tan  FnuioiMO   (Sbb 
dsoo)  Cont'd 

1921  IVeadweil,  Edward  F. 

1921  Tkeat,  Archibald  J. 

1922  Tremont,  Edwin  J. 

1920  Tirowbridge,  Delger 
1922  lyier,  Harriet  P. 
1922  Tyla,  John  F. 
1922  Tyler,  Russel  P. 
1922  U'Ren,  Milton  T. 
1916  Van  Duyn,  O.  M. 

1921  Van  Fleet,  Alan  O. 

1916  Van  Fleet,  Carey 

1914  Van  Fleet,  William  C. 
1921  Van  Ness,  T.  C,  Jr. 

1921  Van   Wyek,    Sidney    M., 

Jr. 

1922  Vaughn,   OrriUe  R. 
1922  Wakeman,  E.  H. 
1922  Walker,  Foshay 

1921  Wallace,  Bradley  L. 

1922  Waste,  Wm.  H. 
1922  Watson,  W.  W. 
1922  Watt,  Rolla  Biabop 
1922  Webb,  Joseph  J. 
1918  Webb,  D.  S. 

1922  Webb,  Walton  a 

1921  Webster,  Bradfoid 

1922  Wehe,  Frank  R. 
1928  Weil,  A.  L. 

1922  Weinberger,  Hennan 

1922  West,  T.  C. 

1921  Westerfeld,  Carl 

1922  Westlake,  Elmer 
1922  Westover,  Myron 
1922  Whalen,  James  D. 

1921  Wheeler,  Charles  8..  Jr. 
1918  Wheeler,  Charles  Stetaon 

1922  White,  Charles  W. 
1922  White,  J.  E. 

1922  White,  lliomaa  R. 

1918  White,  WillUm  K. 

1921  Whiting,  Randolph  V. 

1922  Whitson,  Robert 

1915  Wiel,  Samuel  0. 
1922  Wilbur,  Curtis  D. 
1922  Willard,  Charle.  W. 
1922  WillianM,  Evan 
1922  Williama,  John  T. 
1922  Vmaon,  Edgar  M. 
1922  Wilson,  John  Ralph 
1918  Wilson,  Mountford  & 
1922  Wolff,  Harry  K. 
1922  Woten,  John  W. 
1918  Wright,  Allen  O. 

1917  Wright,  Austin  Tappaa 
1921  Wright,   Oeotgc   ThosuM 

1916  Wright,  Hairy  M. 
1921  Zook.  Bdgar  T. 


STATE  LIST  OP  HBMBSBS  BY   CITIB8  ^AND  TOWNS. 


895 


Bftii  JOM  (Santa  Clara) 

1918  Beasly,   W.   A. 

1922  Blaodiard,  Hiram  A. 

192S  Boalt,  Gilbert  D. 

1928  Bohnett,  L.  D. 

1922  Bowden,  Nicholaa 

1982  Brown,  F.  B. 

1922  Oaaain,  Charles  II. 

1988  Darteel,  J.  Hart 

1988  Daviaon,   C.   W. 

1928  Fitagerald,  John  P. 

1988  Fly,  H.  Ray 

1988  Hambly.  F.  J. 

1988  Jones,  Herbert  C. 

1922  McCoroish,   Ralph  C. 

1982  0*Neil,  Robert  K. 

1922  Petree,  Louis  E. 

1982  Rankin,   Maurice  J. 

1988  Sex,  James  P. 

1988  Speciale,  O.   H. 

1988  Tuttle,  Hiram  D. 

1988  Welsh,  J.  R 

1922  Wilcox,  Edwin  A. 

1982  Witten.  C.  L. 

1988  Wretman,  N.  E. 
Wright,  B.  M. 


Bftii  ICateo  (San  Uateo) 
1988    (}ordon,  Jos.  B. 
1988    Kirkbride.   CSiaa  N. 

Bftii  Pedro  (Los  Angeles) 
1919    Smith,  Clyde  W. 

Ban  B&fael  (Marin) 
1988    Ifartinelli,  Jordan  L. 

Bftnta  Ana  (Orange) 
1908    Thomas,  Wm.   H. 

Baata  Barbara    (Santa    Bar^ 

bara) 

1914  Blias,  WiUiam  H. 

1SI88  OanHeld,    Robert   B. 

1988  Curran,  John  M. 

1911  OiU,    Heniy   Sterling 

1988  Oould,  O.  H. 

1988  Grifflth,  Wm.  G. 

1988  Heaney,  John  William 

1982  Mygatt,   W.   R. 

1922  Price,  Frar.da 

1918  Rickard,  James  Bickle 

19SS  Schauer,  Fred  H. 

1988  Squier,  Eugene  W. 

1906  Whittemore,   James 

Saata  Xoaioa  (Los  Aagelea) 
19tl    Ooflhi,  Cheater  L. 
19a    Fbgd,  Moc  M. 

29 


OAUrOBVIA 
Santa  Clara  (Santa  (Tiara) 
1982    Tbompaon,  Charles  A. 

Santa  Cmi  (Santa  Cms) 

1922    Jeter,   William  T. 
1988    Smith,   Ralph  H. 

Santa  ICarla  (Santa  Barbara) 

1922  Gtoble,  Fred  J. 
1928  Preisker,  C.  L. 
1928    Shaeffer,  Fred  A. 

Santa  Paula  (Ventura) 
1982    Blanchard,  Arthur  H. 

Santa  Rota  (Sonoma) 

1928  Anderson,   Clarendon  W. 

1928  Barrett,  R.  M. 

1988  Casey,  Hiram  E. 

1928  (}eary,  W.  Finlaw 

1928  Lambert,  L.  R. 

1988  Leppo,  J.  R. 

1988  Murphy,  (Seorge  W. 

1982  Quackenbush,  Russell  M. 

1988  Seawell,   fimmett 

1988  Thompson,  R.  L. 

Salma  (Fresno) 
1988    Smith.  Joel  H. 

Sonoma  (Sonoma) 
1988    Cowgill,  O.  C. 

South  Paaadona  (Los 
Angeles) 

1889    Lackner,  Francis 

South  Ban   Fkaaolsoo 

(San  Mateo) 

1922    Coleberd,  J.   W. 

Stanford    Unlvonity    (Santa 
Clara) 

1916  Bingham,  Joe.  Walter 

1917  Cathcart,   Arthur  Martin 
1908    Whittier,  (Tlarke  B. 

Stockton  (San  Joaquin) 

1922  Allen,  G.  C. 

1915  Ashley,  Arthur  Henry 

1982  Bainbridge,  B.  M. 

1922  Berry,  Ben 

1922  Brown,  Nat.  A. 

1928  Buck,  George  P. 

1922  Coale,  H.  W. 

1922  Crooln,  John  R. 

1922  Vttitu,  Uw.  T. 

1982  Frioax,  George  B. 


Stockton  (San  Joaquin) 
Cont'd 

1922  Gill.  C.  M, 

1982  Qumpert,  Bmil 

1922  Johnson,  J.  LeRoy 

1922  Levinsky,  Arthur  L. 

1928  McNoble,  George  F. 

1922  Marceau,  Daniel  V. 

1922  Pardoe,  Reuben  C. 

1922  Parkinson,  Oscar  C. 

1922  Pluromer,  J.  A. 

1922  Rendon,  Cecil  Paul 

1922  Rutherford,    Newton 

1922  Smallpage,  Lafayette  J. 

1922  Snyder,  J.  P.. 

1922  Stemler,  J.   O. 

1988  Stewart,  Gordon  A. 

1922  Van  Vranken,   Edward 

1922  Von  Detten,  Otto 

1922  Wallace,  Gerald  Beatty 

SnaanyiUe  (Lassen) 
1922    Pardee,  James  A. 
1922    Pardee,  Julien  E. 

Traoy  (San  Joaquin) 

1922    Oittenden,    Bradford   C. 
1922    Hench,  George  M. 

Turlock    (Stanislaus) 
1980    Hemple,  Gustaf  A. 

Vkiah   (Mendocino) 

1982  Eversole,  Keith  C. 

1922  Gibson,  Lilbum 

1922  Held,  W.  D.  L. 

1928  iTeraen,  M.  H. 

1922  Kaach,  Charles 

1922  McCowen,   Hale,   Jr. 

1922  Mannon,  Chas.  M. 

1928  Preston,  H.  L. 

1922  Thomas,  J.  R. 

1922  VanDyke.  Will 

1922  Weasels,  Arthur  L. 

yaoaviUe  (Solano) 
1922    Reynolds,  Tbomaa  E. 

Yallejo   (Solano) 

1922  Colthurst.  J.  A. 

1922  Foster,  W.  W. 

1922  Gee,  Harry  A. 

1928  Greenwood,  Harlow  Y. 

1988  GrifBn,  Roscoe  W. 

1922  Horan,  Thomas  J. 

1922  Manning,  H.  E. 

1922  O'Hara,  Ruasell  f; 


896 


AMERICAN    BAR  ASSOCIATION. 


OALIFORHIA— CAVADA— CAHAL  201IS— OHXJf A— OOLO&ADO 


Tan  Vvyi  (Ixm  Angela) 
1918    Johnson,  Charles  A. 

yentura  (Ventiin) 

1022  Bowker,  Don  G. 

1922  Clark,  Wayne  L. 

1922  Drapeau,  L.  O. 

1922  Gardner,  E.  S. 

1922  Knox,  Clay  O. 

1922  Orr,  H.  F. 

1922  Rogers,  Merle  3. 

Vittlia  (Tulare) 

1922  McFadaean,  Daniel 

1922  Middlecoff,  Walter  W. 

1922  Power,  Maurice  E. 

1914  Wallace,  W.  B. 

Wationvllle  (SanU  Cms) 

1922    Hall.  James  A. 
1922    Maher,  D.    F. 

1921  Wyckoff,  Hubert  C. 

Whlttler  (Los  Angeles) 

1922  Owens,  Madison  T. 
1922    Smith,   Frederick  W. 

WilUta  (Mendocino) 
1922    Taft,  Frank 

Woodland  (Yolo) 
1922    Bailey,  A.  G. 

Treka   (Siskiyou) 
1918    Tftpscott,  Jas.  R. 

CANADA 

Nova  Scotia 

Clomensport  (Annapolis) 
1909    Chase,   Warren   D. 

CANAL  ZONE 

AncoB 

1921    Hindman,    Albert  C. 
1917    Porter,  Felix  E. 

Ohrittobal 
1920    Fftinnan,  Chaoncey  P. 

CHINA 

Kankow 
1916    Frost,    Ralph    Aldom 

Bhaoghai 

1916    Baswtt,  Arthur 

1920    Bryan,  Robert  T.,  Jr. 


Bhaaghai  Cont'd 

1917  Davies,  James  B. 
1916  Fessenden,  Stirling 
1916  Fleming,  William  S. 
1920  Franklin,  Cornell  8. 
1916  Holcomb,  Chauncey  P. 
1920  Unebarger,    Paul   Mjrron 
1907  Lobingier,  Charles  8. 
1920  Lurton,  Nelson  E. 

1916    Rodger,  H.  D. 
1916    Rose,  Earl  B. 

Tioatila 

1918  liucker,  Harry  A. 

COLORADO 

Akron  (Washington) 

1916  Peltoo,  Isaac 

Alamosa  (Alamosa) 

1918    Adams,  John  T. 
1913    Moses,  Albert  L. 

Antonito  (Conejos) 
1922    (3arr,  Ralph  L. 

Bovldor  (Boulder) 

1918  Andrew,  Henry  O. 

1922  Arthur,  William  R. 

1904  Fleming,  John  D. 

1922  Folsom,   Frederick  G. 

1911  (Joss,  Melvin  C. 
1906  Hadlej,  Herbert  8. 
1918  Kimbrough,  D.  M. 
1918  McHarg,  T.   A. 

1913  Moorhead,  Frank  L. 
1922    Smith,  Bryant 

Brighton    (Adams) 
1922    Behm,  Harry 
1920    Hood,  W.  C,  Jr. 
1922    Hunter,  F.  F. 

Bmsh  (Morgan) 

1917  Anderson,  Leonard  B. 

Canon  City  (Fremont) 

1914  Jeffrey,  A.  L. 

1916    Stinemeyer,  Edwin  H. 

Oaitlo  Roek  (Douglas) 

1912  Dillon,  William 

Coloradp  Bpriagt  (El  Paso) 

1916  Bennett,  John  L. 

1917  Bums,  Martin  M. 

1918  Chinn,  William  J. 
1017    Oontorth,  Arthur 


Colorado  Springs  (El   Paso) 
Cont'd 

1920  Omrtis,   Leonard    E. 

1912  Froet,  Hildreth 

1906  Hamlin,  C.  C. 

1916  Harris,  Ira 

1915  Hongerford,  Victor  W. 
1918  Irwin,  Geo.  M. 

1916  Kinsley,  Samuel  H. 

1915  Little,  John  E. 
1896  tnnt,  Horace  O. 
1920  Preston,  Eugene  D. 

1916  Ritter,  J.  Alfred,  Jr. 

1920  Rothrock,  James  H. 

1921  Sanford,  James  F. 
1916  Sheafor,  John  W. 
1916  Sberwin,   Frederic  L. 
1916  Sporgeon,  William  H. 
1916  Stnchan,  Willis  L. 
1918  Strickler,  Darid  P. 
1916  Tanner,  Thomas  C. 

Oortos  (Montesuma) 
1920    Cofleld,  W.  H. 

Oraig  (Moffat) 

1922  Pughe,  George  A. 

Orlpploereek  (Teller) 

1916    Alter,  Wilbur  M. 
1916    Upton,  Eraost  B. 

D€»l  Norte  (Rio  Grande) 
1916    Wil^,  JesR  a 


Delta  (DelU) 

1916  Pairlunb,  Millard 

Denver  (Denver) 

1901  AUen,  Geofg«  W. 

1901  Babb,  Henry  B. 

1916  Bancroft,  Ftank  N. 

1918  Bannister,  L.   Ward 

1915  Bamett,  John  T. 
1980  Bany,  Hamlet  J. 
1922  Bartds,  Arthnr  C 
1804  Bartela,  Gustare  a 
1907  BeU,  Joseph  C. 
1894  Blood,  James  H. 

1916  Blood,  Walter  W. 
1916  Blount,  G.   Dextfer 

1919  BoBworth,  Robt. 
1922  Bray,  Ross 
1907  Brock,  Chas.  tL 

1920  Brock,  Elmer  L. 
1907  Brown,  James  R. 
1919  Burke,  Hsslett  P. 
1916  Butler,  Giisrlcs  GL 


922 


918 
19Q1 
901 
920 
919 
9S2 


D«BTer  (Denver)  Oont'd 

1907  Oampbell,  John 
1980  Garter,  Mabelle  Alice 
1920  Champion,  Lee 
1916.  Clark,  Elroy  N. 
te  Clark,  Henry  H. 
91S  Clark,  John  D. 
980    Clark,  W.  E. 

Collier,  Robert 

Connor,  Patrick  D. 

Craig,  Albert  O. 

DftTia,  Harry  A. 

Davis,  Harry  C. 

Dawson,  Clyde  C. 

Denious,  Wilbur  P. 

Dennison,  John  H. 

Dick,  Lewia  A. 

Dines,  Tyson  & 

DUon,  N.  Walter 

Dixon,  Thomas  J. 

Dorsey,  Clayton  C. 

Doud,  A.  L. 

Downer,  Prank  M.,  Jr. 

Dubbs,   Henry  A. 

Eaton,  William  R. 

Ellis,  Daniel  B. 

Ellis,   Brl  H. 

Epperson,  Clyde  O. 

Swing,  John  A. 

Perguibn,   William  H. 

Pillins,   Richard  8. 

Pol«y,  William  E. 

Powler,  Addison  J. 

fViedman,  Arthur  P. 

Pry,  John  H. 

Puller,  Pierpont 

Oabbert,  Wm.   H. 

Gabriel,  John  H. 

Oarrigue8»  James  E. 

Garwood,  Omar  E. 

Qeijsbeek,  John  B. 

Gillette,   Andrew  W. 

Oottdy,  Prank  B. 

Goudy,  Prank  C. 

Gove,  Prank  E. 

Grant,  James  B. 

Grant,   William  W.,   Jr. 

Gregg,  Prank  B. 

Gnnder,  Joshua 

Gunter,  Julius  C. 

Haines,  Chas.  H. 

Harrison,   William  B. 

Hart,   Richard  Huson 

Hartaell,  Ralph 

Hawkins,  Horace  N. 

H«yt,  Charles  D. 

Hendershot,  C.  Ii. 

HerringtoD,  Osas  E. 


920 
.920 
906 

[922 
014 
1906 
1916 
906 
919 
1916 
901 
916 
919 
922 

ims 

917 
913 
912 
1901 


919 

oao 

916 
915 
920 
012 
901 
920 
OlS 
.001 
lOOl 


912 

001 

016 

922 

.018 

1002 

1020 

1804 


OOLOBADO 
D«BTer  (Denver)  Cont'd 

1906  Herrlngton,  Fred 
1901  Hersey,  Henry  J. 
1920  Hicks,  H.  A. 

1982  HUliard,  Bo^amin  C. 

1901  Hodges,  George  L. 

1006  Hodges,  William  V. 

1912  Bolme,  Peter  H. 

1922  Hombeiii,  Philip 

1922  Howse,  Isham  R. 

1916  Hughes,  Gerald 

1920  Humphreys,  Harrie  M. 

1918  Button,  William  E. 
1916  Johnson,  Lewis  B. 
1920  Kavanagh,  WillUm  P. 
1022  Kelley,  James  W. 
1922  Kemp,   Prank  A.,  Jr. 
1901  KiUian,  James  R. 
1922  LakusU,  Nicholas 

1919  Lsrwill,  Langdon  H. 
1918  Lathrop,  Mary  Florence 
1916  Lee,  Archibald  A. 
1922  Lemmon,  George  J. 
1916  Lewis,  Lawrence 

1920  Lewia,  Mason  A. 
1901  Lindsley,   Hemy  A. 
1018  Luta,  Henry  E. 

1901  McAllister,  Henry,  Jr. 

1922  McCutcfaen,  C.  M. 

1907  McDonough,   Prank,  Sr. 
1912  McLean,  Hugh 

1921  McMullin,  Bentley  M. 

1016  McWhinney,   Leroy 
1901  Manly,  George  C. 
1010  Martin,   Caldwell 
1912  Melville,  Irving  B. 

1922  Melville,  Max  D. 
1922  Milllkin,   Eugene  D. 
1918  Morris,  Ernest 

1907  Northcutt,  Jesse  G. 

1920  Nyce,  Peter  Q. 

1022  Nye,  George  L. 

1920  O'Donnell,  Canton 

1896  O'Donnell,  Thomss  J. 

1920  Owen,  James 

1022  Owens,  Everett 

1018  Park,  Edwin  H. 

1021  Perkins,  MerriU  H. 

1017  Perry,  John  A. 

1018  Pershing,  James  H. 
1017  PonaCord,  Arthur 

1022  ProBser,  Paul  R. 
1021  Quiat,  Ira  L. 

1906  Reddin,  John  H. 
1920  Redmond,  Charles  H. 

1907  Reed,  Albert  A. 
1922  Rhoads,  Ernest  L. 
1916  Riddle,  Hany  Carson 


D«]iTer  (Denver)  Cont'd 

1922  Ritter,  Halstead  L. 

1920  Robertson,  Howard  9. 

1922  Robertson,  Samuel  R. 

1022  Robinson,  J.  B. 

1919  Robinson,  Percy 

1919  Rogers,  Edmund 
1806  Rogers,  Henry  T. 
1016  Rogers,  James  Grafton 
1890  Rogers,  Piatt 

1920  Ross,  Frsnk  L. 
1020  Rothgerber,  Ira  0. 

1921  Ryan,  Richard  F. 

1921  Sabin,  Edward  M. 

1922  Sackmann,  Charles  C. 
1922  Sales,  Harry  N. 

1918  Sampson,    Joseph    Crom- 

well 

1912  Schults,  John  H. 

1916  Schuyler,  Karl  C. 

1916  Schuyler,  Walter  P. 

1916  Scott,  TuUy 

1921  Seeman,  Bernard  J. 

1919  Shafroth,  Morrison 

1919  Silveratdn,  Hany  8. 
1901  Smith,  John  R. 
1016  Smith,  Milton 

1915  Steele,  George  P. 

1896  Stevenson,  Archi  M. 

1918  Stimson,  Edward  C. 

1917  Strong,  Robert  G. 

1915  Stuart,    Barnwell   S. 

1916  Sullivan,    James  J. 

1911  Byrnes,  J.  Paster 
1901  TVears,  Daniel  W. 
1010  Teller,  James  H. 

1922  Tesch,  Frank  S. 
1806  Thomas,    Ohulen  8. 
1922  Toll,    Henry   Wdcott 

1918  Truesdell,  John  P. 
1907  Twitchell,  La  Payette 
1922  Vaessen,  Bertha 

1922  Van  Cise,  Philip  S. 

1912  Vidal,  Henry  C. 
1922  Vivian,  John  C. 

1920  Vogl,  Albert  L. 

1918  Wadley,    William   H. 
1922  Wallbank,  Stanley  T. 

1919  Ward,  Ethelbert 
1990  Wardlaw,  J.  M. 
1916  Warileld,  John  D. 
1906  Warner,  Stanley  Clark 
1901  Waterman,  Charles  W. 
1918  West,  Frank  C. 

1920  Whitehead,  Carle 
1901  White,  8.  Harrison 
1906  Whitted,  Elmer  B. 


898 


AMEBIGAN  BAB  ASSOOIATIOK. 


Denver  (Denver)  Cont'd 

1918    WUliams,  Le  Roy  J. 
1916    Wolcott,  Roffer  H. 

DuranfO   (La   PUta) 
1914    Searcy,  W.  N. 

Floreaoe  (Fremont) 

1922    HeBsick,  Delbert  A. 

1916  Wilkes,  George  H. 

Fort    Collins    (Larimer) 

1907  Annia.  Prank  J. 

1911  Fleming,  Ruasell  W. 

1921  Sarchet,  Fancber 

1914  StoTer,  Fred  W. 

1911  Stow,  Fred  W. 
1921  Warren,  Thomaa  J. 

Fort  Xorran  (Morgan) 

1917  Ooen,  Walter  S. 
1920    Lee,  Frank  E. 

1920  Tworably,  George  C. 

Glonwood  Bpringt  (Garfield) 

1921  Darrow,  (Jharlea  W. 

Grand  Jvnotlon  (Mesa) 

1921  Burgefls,  Lee  W. 

1918  Logan,  Strand  M. 
1918    McMuIlin,  S.   G. 

1922  Sternberg,  Guy  V. 

Grooloy  (Weld) 

1921  Baker,  Herbert  M. 

1922  Bradfleld,  George  H. 
1920  (Thurchill,   Harry  E. 

1912  Clark,  Frederic  Wilson 
1922  Green,  Franklin  J. 
1901  Haynes,  H.  N. 

1922  Houtchens,  E.  H. 

1922  Kelly,  William  R. 

1917  McGreery,  Donald  C. 

1901  McCreery,   James  W. 

1920  Smith,  I.  8. 

1914  Thompson,  William  Hall 

Onnnlson  (Gunnison) 
1920    Shackleford,   Sprigg 

Sayden  (Routt) 
1920    Carpenter,  Ferry  R. 

Holyoke  (PhiUips) 
1920    Walrod,  Claude  D. 

Hugo  (Lincoln) 
1920    Reed,  J.  T. 
1920    Reid,  John  G. 


COLORADO— OOVVXOTXOVT 
Idaho  Bvrlnga  (Clear  Creek) 
1901    Regennitter,  Erwin  L. 

£a  Junta  (Otero) 

1920    Hasldns,  Earl  W. 
1907    Sabin,  Fred  A. 

Lamar  (Prowen) 

19E2  Cole,  AUyn 

1920  Htllyer,  Granby 

1921  Horn,  Hersbel 

1922  Kinkaid,  D.  B. 

LeadTiUe  (Lake) 

1901    Bouck,   Francis  E. 
1922    Pendery,  Henry  R. 

Xonta  yuta  (Rio  Grande) 

1918    Caldwell,  Fred.  8. 
1920    0)rlett,  George  M. 

Montrose   (Montrose) 
1922    Moynihan,  Charles  J. 

Pneblo  (Pueblo) 

1911  Adams,   Alva  B. 

1920  Ballreich,  C.  A. 

1906  Devine,  Thos.  H. 

1911  Gast,  Robert  S. 

1906  Hartman,  Wm.  Laurence 

1922  Hughes,  Charles  B. 

1920  Koperlik,  Benjamin  P. 

1918  McCorkle,  James  Thomas 

1922  Martin,  John  A. 

1918  Packard,   Sperry  8. 

1922  Phelps,  J.  Arthur 

1911  Preston,  J.   W. 

1917  Rose,  Charles  M. 

1922  Stewart,  A.  T. 

1920  Stewart,   William  B. 

1917  Storer,  Todd  C. 

1916  Trimble,    Samuel   D. 
1901  Vates,  William  B. 
1922  Vories,  Harry  P. 

Ban  Lnis  (Costilla) 

1913  Ellithorp,  Elias  H. 

Steamboat   Springs    (Routt) 

1920    Board,    Joseph   K. 
1920    Monson,      Claude      Ray- 
mond 

1914  Morning,  Charles  A. 

Sterling  (Logan) 

1917  Ch>en,  John  R. 
1920    Fox.  Gladys  F. 


Bterliag  (Logsn)  OontM 

1920  Johnson,  Roy  T. 

1922  Keating,  Herbert  E. 

1922  McConley,  George  E.,  Jr. 

1922  Munson,  T.   E. 

1922  Naugle.  a   B. 

1922  Sauter,  Raymond  L. 

TeUnxlde  (Miguel) 

1920    Adams,  E.  B. 
1916    Allen,  L.  W. 
1920    Woy,  John  M. 

Trinidad  (Las  Animas) 

1920    Hawley,  JooepL  W. 
1918    McHendrie,  A.  Wateon 

1920  Sanders,  GUbert 

coraxoTioiTT 

Ansonla   (New  Haven) 

1921  Aaronaon,  Abraham  S. 

1920  Bellin,  Jacob 

1921  Cohen,  Franklin  Willard 
1913  Holden,  Frederick  Wm. 
1916  Isbell,  Milton  C. 
1918  McCarthy,   Frederick   M. 
1921  McOrmond,  Artfanr  R. 


Bridgeport   (Fairfldd) 

1914  Banks,  John  W. 

1921  Bartlett,  Frederic  A. 

1896  Bcardsley,  Morris  B. 

921  Bearddey,   Samuel    F. 

921  Calboon,  Philo  G. 

921  Oanfleld,   Chaiics    Stuart 

1916  Oomley,  William  H.,  Jr. 

909  Davenport,  Danid 

916  Day,  David  & 

921  DeForest,  Robert  G. 

921  Flanagan,  Michael  J. 

914  Foster,  Carl 

914  Goold,  Louis  K. 

918  Klein,  Jaoob  B. 

1921  Marsh,   Arthur   M. 

914  Menitt,  Albert  J. 

921  Miller,  Paul  L. 
914  PheUn,  John  J. 
918  Pullman,  John  8. 

922  Saltman,  Bernard  P. 
921  Shannon,  Henry  E. 
914  Shapiro,  Charles  H. 

917  Shapiro,  Jooeph  a. 

918  Spallord,  John  A. 
921  Stoddard,  Sanfoid 
914  Wheeler,  George  W. 

1921  Wilder,  Frank  U 


STATB  LIS¥  <)f  kElCBEltS  BY   CiTllES  AND  TOWNS. 


^8S)9 


Brlitol   (Btrtford) 

1921   JeoningB,  Newell 

1908  PedCp   Kpapbroditufl 

Ohetlilre  (New  HaTen) 
1921    Peas1ey»  FYederick  M. 

OUatpii  (Middlesex) 

1909  Pelton,  Charles  A. 
1921    Sterens,  Luciua  K. 

Danbiirj  (Fairfield) 

1914    Canningham,  Martin  J. 
1912    Davis,  Samuel  Allan 
1904    Ives,  J.  MooB 

DanieUoB  (Windham) 

1917  Shumway,  Milton  A. 

Deep  BlTer  (Middlesex) 
1916    Burke,  Edward  O. 

Derby  (New  Haven) 

1906  Baldwin.  Alfred  O. 
1914  Drew.  Harold  E. 
1921  Healey,  William  F. 
1921  O'Sullivan,  Patrick  B. 
1903  Williams,  William  H. 

Oreenwloli    (Fairfield) 
1921    Brush,  Balph  E. 

OrotoB  (New  London) 

1918  Avery,  C.   t. 

EaddAm  (Middlesex) 
1921    Russell,  Charles  A. 

Hartford   (Hartford) 

1921  Albrecht,  Abraham  S. 

1018  Aloom,  Hugh  M. 

1900  Andrews,  James  P. 

1921  Beckwith,  Oliver  R. 

19U  Bill,  Albert  C. 

19S1  Brosmith,  Allan  E. 

1907  Brosmith,  William 
1918  Brooghel,   Andrew  J. 
1921  Buckley,  John 

1912  Burpee,   Lucien   Francis 

1921  Butler,  Robert  P. 

1921  Cole,  Francis  W. 

1892  0>nant,  George  A. 

1914  Coxe,  Alfred  C. 

1921  Creedon,  Alex  W. 

1920  Daly,  Edward  J. 
1918  Day,  Edward  M. 
1916  Dickenaon,  Robert  a 

1921  EgiD,  William  E. 


OOKHEOTIOTJT 

Bartford  (Hartford)  Cont'd 

1922  Elsmer,  Solomon 

1916  Forward,  John  F. 

1921  Freeman,  Harrison  B. 

1916  Gates,  Andrew  F. 

1917  Gross,  Charles  E. 

1918  Gross,  Charles  Welles 

1920  Hazen,  Maynard  T. 

1916  Healy,  Frank  E. 

1917  Henney,   William  F. 

1921  Hewes,  Thomas 
1921  Holden,  Benedict  M. 
1913  Byde,  Alvan  W. 

1918  Lonergan,   Augustine 

1913  McCook,  Anson  T. 
1921  McKone,  Thomas  C. 
1916  Maltbie,  William  M. 

1914  Marvin,  L.  P.  Waldo 
1921  Molloy,  Thomas  J. 
1921  Pallotti,  Francis  A. 

1920  Peck,  Josiah  H. 
1916  Pierce,  Koble  E. 
1914  Prentice,  8.  0. 
1914  Rhodes,  James  E.,  2d. 
1916  Robinson,  Lucius  F. 
1916  Schutz,   Walter  S. 
1912  Sherman,  (Carles  P. 

1921  Smith,  Harry  Tyler 
1916  Spellacy,  Thomas  J. 
1916  Spenry,  Lewis 
1921  Stoner,  George  J. 
1916  Wells,  Ralph  Olney 
1921  Wilson,   Albion  B. 

1920  Yeomans,  Edward  M. 

Litchfield  (Litchfield) 

1919  Foord,  William  Malcolm 
1918  Ryan,  Thomas  F. 
1878  Woodruff,  George  M. 

1920  Woodruff,  James  P. 

Xerlden   (New  Haven) 

1918  Aubrey,  Alfred  B. 

1921  Danaher,  Cornelius  J. 

1921  Dunne,  Thomas  P. 
1909  Fay,  Frank  S. 
1916  O'Brien,   Denis  T.,  Jr. 
1921  Smith,  Irving  O. 

mddletown  (Middlesex) 

1891  Oliver,  M.  Eugene 

1921  Inglis,  Ernest  A. 

1921  Robinson,  Silas  A. 

1921  Ryan,  Leonard  O. 

1921  Wells,  Philip  P. 

Ujwtio  (New  London) 

1921  Hewitt,  Benjamin  H. 


'  Vaugatnok  (New  Haven) 

1921  Klein,  Clayton  L. 

Mew  Britain  (Hartford) 

1921  Oaffney,  B.  F. 

Kew  Saven   (New   Haten) 

1921  Adinolfl,  Anthony  P. 

1920  Alcorn,  William  F.  ' 

1911  Ailing,  John  W. 
1920  Anquillare,  Joseph  T. 

1912  Asher,  Harry  W. 

1916  Atwater,  Harry  Hall 

1917  Augur,  Erroll  M. 

1919  Baldwin,   Seth  W. 
1878  Baldwin,  Simeon  E. 

1920  Barclay,  Albert  tL 
190B  Beach,  John  K. 
1894  Beers,  George  E. 

1921  Bergin,  Frank  S. 
1917  Birely,  Charles  W. 
1921  Bishop,  Frank  S. 
1917  Bollmann,  Carl  F. 
1920  Bollmann,   Frank  E. 

1913  Booth,  John  R. 

1920  Borchard,  Edwin  M. 

1917  Bree,  William  A. 

1921  Bristol,  John  W. 

1921  Bronson,   Clarence   W. 

1921  Brooks,  Harry  L. 

1921  Burton,  Louis  R. 

1921  Caplan,  Jacob 

1914  Chambers,  Arthur  W. 

1916  Clarke,   Charles  F. 
1906  Cleaveland,  L.  W. 

1920  Connor,  James  E.,  Jr. 

1921  Corbin,  Arthur  L. 
1920  0>x,  ITiomas  H. 
1913  Daggett,  Leonard  M. 
1920  Day,  H.  Frederick 

1920  Dean,  Thompson 

1921  Dooley,  Vincent  P. 

1918  Elliott,  John 

1917  Parley,  Eugene  F. 

1920  Field,  Lewis  L. 
1900  Fitzgerald,  David  E. 

1918  Oilson,  John  L. 

1921  Ounbart,  William  B. 

1917  Hall,  George  B. 

1918  Hall,  Henry  A.  L. 
1916  Harriman,  Charles  H. 
1918  Hewitt,  Harrison 
1916  Hillhouae,  James 

1921  Hoffman,  Bemhart  Eliot 

1916  Hooker,  Thomas,  Jr. 
1913  Hoyt,  Samuel  E. 

1922  Ireland,  Gordon 

1917  Judson,  Walter  F. 


900 


AHSRIOAN  BAJEL  ASSOCIATION. 


V0W  XftTMi  (New  Haw) 
Cont'd 

1916  Kenna,  Prank 

1920  Kennedy,  William  J. 

1913  Kleiner,  Charles 
1907  Lorenzen,  Ernest  O. 
191i  lamch,  Bernard  B. 

1921  McLaren,  George  S. 
1911  Mansfield,  Burton 

1914  Martin,  Charles  J. 

1915  Martin,  Sanford  B. 

1909  Mathewson,    Albert    Mc- 

Olellan 

1914  Mcrwin,  Beniy  W. 

1921  M^er,  W.  W. 

1921  Mont^mery,   Phelps 

1917  Moran.  James  T. 

1918  MorAouse,  Samuel  O. 

1919  Morgan,   Edmund  Morris 
1921  Natbanaon,  Samuel  J. 

1921  O'Keefe,   Arthur  B. 

1922  O'Meara,  Edward  P. 
1911  Parmelee,  Henry  F. 

1916  Peck,  George  L. 
1911  Perry,  Fred  L. 
1921  Periky,  Samuel  A. 
1916  Pickett,   Walter  M. 

1911  Pond,  Philip 
1921  Quinn,  Michael  J. 
1921  Rice,  Cleaveland  J. 
1916  Roberts,  Charles  F. 

1914  Robertson,  A.  Heaton 
1921  Robinson,  Thomas  R. 

1915  Rosenbluth,  Louis  M. 
1918  Russell,  Frederick  0. 

1916  Sheldon,   Harrison  T. 

1916  Steele,  Thomss  M. 

1917  Sterens,  Carleton  H. 
1921  Stoddard,  Robert  C. 
:916  Swan,  Thomas  W. 
1909  Tliomas,  Edwin  8. 

1912  niarston,   Edward  S. 

1918  Tilson,  John  Q. 

1909  Townshend,   Henry  H. 

1916  Tuttle,   Grove  J. 

1902  Tuttle,  J.  Bimey 

1906  Vance,  William  B. 

1916  Walsh,  Walter  J. 

1917  Watrous,  Eliot 

1891  Watrous,  George  D. 

1896  Webbk  James  H. 

1917  Wetaler,  S.  Fred. 
1906  Wheeler,  James  E. 
1921  White,  Roger  S.,  2nd 
1914  Wiggin,  F.  H. 

1921  Willcox,  Donald  D. 

1914  WoUe,  Isaac 

1918  Woodruff,    Robert  J. 


COHSSCTXOVT 

Vvw  Xay«a  (New  Haven) 
Cont'd 

1894    Woolsey,  Theo.  8. 

1916  Wynne,  Kenneth 

1918    Yates,  C!lyde  Raymond 

Mew  London    (New   London) 
1921    Belcher,  Nathan 
1921    Oslkina,  Arthur  B. 

1912  Hull,  Charles  HadUi 
1909    Hull,  Hadlai  A. 

1921    Keefe,  Arthur  Thomas 
1909    McOuire.  Frank  L. 

1918  Mahan,  Biyan  P. 

Morth   SaTen    (New   Haven) 

1913  Reynolds,  James  Bronson 

Korwalk  (Fairfield) 
1921    Dunbar,  Jesse  T. 
1921    Lock  wood,  Edward  M. 
1921    i^uinlan,  Edward  J. 

1914  Walsh,  John  J. 

Korwioh  (New  London) 
1921    Brown,  AUyn  L. 

1917  Brown,  Arthur  M. 
1911    Greene,  Gardiner 

1913  Higgins,  Edwin  W. 

1914  Huntington,  J.  P. 

1918  James,  CTharles  V. 
1921  Mathewson,  Earl 
1921  Perkins,  Edmund  W. 
1921  Peterson,   Harry  L. 

1919  Quinn,  Virtume  P.  A. 
1921  Bobbins,  Lee  R. 

1919  Stewart,  Charles  L. 

Portland  (Middlesex) 
1911    Haines,  Prank  D. 

Putnam  (Windham) 

1914    Russell,  Frank  P. 
1907    Sanborn,  Frederick  H. 
1916    Warner,  Edgar  M. 

Bockrille  (Tolland) 
1898    Phelps,  Charles 

BalUbury  (Litchfield) 
1891    Warner,  Donald  T. 

Bimsbiiry  (Hartford) 
1914    McLean,  George  P. 

Sovtli  llanoliestar  (Hartford) 

1921    Bowers,  Herbert  O. 
1921    Hyde,  William  8. 


Bonth  ir«rw«Ik   (Fkirfield) 

1921    Benedict,  Boswell  A. 
1909    Light,   John   H. 

Btamford  (Vkirfleld) 

1918  Coe,  Walter  E. 

1916  Cres^y,  Warren  P. 

1909  Cununings,  Homer  S. 

1921  Duregr,  John  C. 

1921  Hackett,  Raymond  B. 

1913  Lockwood,  (Siarles  D. 
1916  Mead,  Benjamin  H. 
1909  Taylor,   F»ederi<4c  O. 

Thompion   (Windham) 
1891    Searls,  Oiaries  E. 

TbompMUYlUa  (Hartford) 

1914  Mulligan,  Wm.  J. 

Torrfnrtmi  (Utchlleld) 
1921    O'Sullivan,  Eugeoe  T. 

TylervUla  (Middlewz) 

1918  Tyler,  RolUn  U. 

WaUiagferd    (New   Haven) 
1921    Wiynn,  William  F. 

Washington  (Litchfield) 
1907    Clarke,  Samuel  B. 

Watorbviy  (New  Haven) 

1916  Beardslcy,  Harry  J. 

1921  Bernstein.  Philip  M. 

1921  Brett,  Prank  P. 

1909  Bronson,  Nathaniel   H. 

1913  Byrne,  M.  J. 

1913  Carmody,  Terrenoe  P. 

1921  Cassidy,  John  tf. 

1913  Church,  UlyflKo  Q. 

1914  Cole,  Bdward  F. 

1919  Coleman.  Dennia  W. 
1921  Gager,  William  WiUlans 
1921  OviUoyle,  FranciB  P. 
1921  Hayea,  Abner  P. 

1921  Hincks,  (Carroll  C 

1911  Kellogg,  John  P. 

1920  Lynch,  James  M. 

1921  McDonoagb,  John  F. 
1921  McEvoy,  Prank  P. 
1913  McGrath,  John  F. 
1921  McNifl,  Miles  P. 

1912  Makepeace,  Walter  D. 
1912    Matflh,  Samuel  John 
1921    Mcniman,      BockinclMni 


STATE  LIST  OF  liEHBK 


OONNEOTXCnr— CUBA— DSLA 


Waterbnxj    (New   HftTen) 
Cont'd 

1021  Meyer,  Theodore  T. 

1021  MoDzani,  John  T. 

1921  Phelan,  Finton  J. 

1906  Pierce,  Wilson  H. 

me  Reeres,  Francis  T. 

1921  Beery,  Edward  L. 

1921  Slavin,  Dennis  J. 

1918  Thorns,  William  E. 

1921  Walker,  Robert  S. 
1980  Weisman,  Herman  J. 
1900  Williams,  Frederic  K. 

Wiiurtad  (Litchfield) 

1909    Herman,   Samuel   A. 
1914    Higglns,  Richard  T. 

WoodbviT   (Litchfield) 
1914    Stuxfies,  Oeorge  R. 

OVBA 

SftTana 
1911    Lamar,  Lucius  Q.  O. . 

BSLAWABE 

Dorar  (Kent) 
1914    Harrington.  Wm.  Watson 

1922  Hughes,  James  H. 

1917  Button,  John  B. 

1918  Kenncy,  Richard  R. 
1922    Msgee,  Arley  B. 

1917  Pennewill,  James 

1911  Powell,  Walter  A. 

1912  Bldgely,  Heniy 

1918  Satterfield,  James  M. 
1912  Wolcott,  Josiah  O. 

Laural  (Sussex) 

1916  Tutherly,  William 

Vew   CmUo    (New   Olutle) 
1922    Rodney,   Richard  S. 

Wllmingtoa  (New  Oastle) 

1914    Ball,  J.   Frank 

Bayard,  Tliomas  F. 
Berl,  Eugene  Ennalls 
Bradford,  Edw.  Q. 
Brown,  Oeoige  T.« 
Burchenal,  Caleb  B. 
Csno,  John  Pearce 

1914    Ourley,   Charles  F. 

1918    Dayia,  George  N. 

1914    Bastbum,  Horace  0. 

1917  Elliott,  Cteorge  A 
1914    Emmons,  Hany 


1914 


1886 
1914 
1912 


WIlmlBgto 
( 

1022  Finger, 

1914  Oray,  i 

1884  Gray,  C 
1922  Hasting 
1891  Hflles, 

1921  Hughes,      i 

1922  Isaacs, 
1022  Jamison      I 
1914  Jamrier, 

1911  Laifey,       i 
1922  Layton, 

1917  Marsh,  .     i 

1918  Marvel, 

1912  Marrel, 
1922  Morris,       i 

1899  Nields, 
1918  Peningtc 
1914  Polk,  Al 
1918  Prickett     ' 
1922  Rheuby, 
1912  Richards    ! 
1914  Satterth' 

Jr. 

1885  Saulsbun 
1922  Southerli    : 
1914  Townseni 

Jr. 

1922  Ward.  H 

1896  Ward,   H 

1914  Woolley,    i 

DI8TBI0T   0 

Washingtoi 

Golu: 

1916  Acuff,   Hs 

1911  AdkiiM,  J  I 

1921  Allen.  Nil 

1912  Allison,   1  i 

1922  Andrew,  \  i 
1912  Ansel],  Sa  i 

1920  Appel,  M<  i 
1922  Ash,  RoIm  : 
1914  Bailey,  E< 
1014  Baker,  Gi  i 

1921  Baker,  Lai  i 

1911  Baldenton 
1003  Barbour,  J : 
1921  Barger,  Hi 
1909  Barlow.  B 

1900  Barnard,  II 

1921  Barae,  Qtci 

1912  Beaman,  K 

1901  Beck,  Jam  I 

1922  Beedy,  Car 
1914  BeU,  Alexi 


902 


AMERICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


WMhington   (District   of 
Columbia)  Cont'd 

1022  Oompton,  Wilaon  Martiii- 

dale 

1911  Cooke,  Leri 

1902  Oostigan,   Edward   P. 

1917  Oo«tifan,  Ignatius  John 

1914  Ooyiii8:ton,   J.    Hany 
1911  CraiD,  Robert 

1911  Crowder,  E.  H. 
1886  Oommiiis,  A.  B. 

1915  Curtis,  Charles 

1912  Cushman,  Arlon  T. 

1918  Dallinger,  Frederick  W. 
1914  DalzeU,  John 

1921  Darr,  Charles  W. 

1921  Daugherty,  Harry  M. 

1912  Davies,  Joseph  E. 

1914  Davlla,  Felix  Cordova 

1896  Davis,  Henry  E. 

1866  Davis,  James  C. 

1921  Day,  Rufus  a 

1902  Day,  William  R. 

1912  Dean,  Charles  Ray 

1920  Dean,  Robert  A. 
1912  DeKnight,  C.  W. 
1906  DeLacy,  William  B. 
1918  Dennis,  William  CuUen 
1914  DeVries,   Marion 

1916  Dewey,  L.  A. 
1912  Dodge,  Horace  A. 
1902  Dodge,  William  W. 

1906  Donaldson,  R.  Golden 

1921  Donovan,  William  H. 
1916  Dorscy,  Vernon  M. 

1911  Douglas,  Charles  A. 

1922  Dow,  Fayette  B. 
1900  Dowell,  Arthur  E. 

1902  Dowell,  Julian  C. 
1914  Drain,  James  A. 
1916  Drayton,  Charles  D. 

1903  Dunlop,  G.  Thomas 
1910  Dupre,  H.  Garland 
1916  Dyer,  Leonidas  C. 
1914  Easby-Smith,  James  8. 
1921  Eby,  Robert  J. 

1800  Edmonston,  William  E. 

1902  Edson,  Joseph  R. 

1914  Elliott,  Milton  O. 

1912  Ellis,  Wade  H. 
1914  English,  Walter  O. 

1907  EMerUne,  Blackburn 
1920  Evans^  Alvin  E. 

1904  Everette,   Willis  l^gene 

(Taooma,   Wash.^ 

19M  Ewing,  John  G. 

1914  Faust,  Frederick  De  C. 

1907  Fenning.  Frederick  A. 


DISTBIOT  OF  COLUMBIA 

WAihingtoB   (District  o2 
Columbia)  Cont'd 

1911  Fenning,  Karl 

1919  Fenwlck,  Edward  Taylor 

1911  Ferguson,  Garland  S.,  Jr. 

1912  Person,    Merton   L. 
1809  Fisher,  Robert  J. 
1004  Flanneiy,  John  S. 
1807  Fletcher,  D.  U. 
1922  Floyd,  Pauline  M. 
1909  Flynn,  Leo  J. 
1914  Folk,  Joseph  W. 
1914  Ford,  Richard  A. 

1913  Frailey,  (Jharles  L. 
1921  Freebey,  Harriet 

1912  .French,  Burton  L. 

1918  Gann,  Edward  £. 

1913  Gardiner,  W.  G. 
1921  Gartner,  Karl  Knox 
1912  Garyf  Hampson 
1912  Gatley,  B.  Prescott 

1919  Gillet,  Emma  M. 

1914  Gittings,  John  C. 
1914  (2iven,    Harvey 
1911  Classic,  Henry  H. 

1911  Ck>ff,  Guy  D. 

1912  Gordon,  Peyton 
1921  Gore,  Thomas  P. 
1918  Graham,  B.   U. 

1913  Graham,  Samuel  J. 
1889  Gregory,  (Tharles  Noble 

1914  Gregory,  Thomas  W. 
1918  Guerry,  Homer 

1921  Guy,  Walter  B. 
1911  Hackett,  Chaimcey 

1906  Hadley.  Un  H. 

1904  Hagerman,  James,  Jr. 

1918  Hagerty,  Alfred  O. 

1907  Hale,  Frederick 
1901  Hall,  Henry  C. 

1922  Hamele,    Ottomar 
1883  Hamilton,  <3eorge  E. 
1911  Harlow,  Leo  P. 
1012  Harr,  Wm.  R. 

1896  Harriman,  Edward  A. 

1921  Harris,  Elizabeth  O. 

1916  Harvey,  Eichanl  S. 

1916  Uawes,   Harry  B. 

1921  Haynes,  J.  Marion 

1014  Henderson,  Daniel  B. 

1911  Henderson,  William  O. 

1911  Henning,  Edward  J. 
1921  Heniy,  Robert  L.,  Jr. 
1914  Henty,  Thomas  M. 
1914  Herrick,  Samuel 

1918  Hickcgr,  John  J. 

1912  Hodges,   Vernon  B. 
1911  Hogaoy  Frank  J. 


WftsMnrtOB   (District   of 
OolumbU)  Cont'd 

1918  Holland,  E.  E. 

1918  Holland,   Rush   L. 

1914  Hoover,  George  P. 

1922  Hoover,  John  E. 

1920  Horton,  Edward  H. 
1914  Hough,  Franklin  H. 
1900  Howard,  Ctooive  H. 
1880  H0W17,  Chas.  B. 
1918  Hoyt,  Henry  M. 

1896  Hughes,  (Tharles  E. 
1918  Hughes,  William  J. 
1914  Huidekoper,  Reginald   a 
1922  Hull,  J.  A 

1918  Hunter,  William  Boyd 

1919  Hutchhiaon,  (Seorge  A. 
1907  Hyde,  Charles  (Cheney 
1914  HynsoD,   N.  HiortOB 

1919  bnlay,  Charles  V. 

1921  Jackson,   E.   Hiltoai 
1886  James,  Francis  B. 
1906  Jeffries,  L.  E. 

1912  Johnson,  Guy  H. 
1914  Johnston,    Forney 

1920  JooeSk   Marvin 
1904  Eappler,  Charles  J. 

1922  Keene,  Henry  O. 
1911  Kenyon,  J.  MiUer 
1889  King,  George  A. 

1906  King,  WiU  B.  (PortUnd. 

Ore.) 

1006  King,  William  B. 

1897  Kinkaid,  M.  P. 
1914  Knaebel,  Emeat 

1913  Knapp,  Martin  A. 

1921  Laird,  Mary  E. 

1914  Lamar,  George  H. 
1914  Lamar,  WiUiam  H. 
1914  Lambert,  Wilton  J. 
1888  Lancaster,  Ohaa.  OL 
1914  Lansing,   Bobert 
1911  Laskey,  John  B. 

1921  Leahy,  William  E. 

1922  Leatberwood,  Elmer  O. 
1914  LeFevre,  Charles  H. 
1914  Lesh,  Paul  E. 

1914  Lester,  Wharton  B. 

1914  Unkins,  Charles 

1919  Uttlepage,  Tboman  P. 

1914  \tloyd,  J.  T. 

1914  LobdeU,  Charles  K. 

1917  Lodge,  Heniy  Cabot 

1914  Long,   Breckinridge 

1921  Loos,   Karl  D. 

1922  Loring,  Charles 

1922  Loughran,  Patrick  H. 

1911  Loving,  Loess  P. 


19S1 
1914 
1921 
1911 
1914 
1919 
1921 
1918 
1918 
1899 
1911 
1918 
1918 


WasblartOB   (District   of 
Columbia)  Oont'd 

I^on,  R.  B.  H. 
Lyon,  Simon 
HcCall,  M.  Pearl 
McGalmont,  Edward  S. 


McDonald,  Charles  H. 


McElroy,  Bernard  W. 
McGlue,  G.  Percy 
McQovem,  James  P. 
IfcKenna,  Royal  T. 
IfcKenney,  Frederic  D. 
McLaughlin,  A.  A. 
McNary,  Charles  L. 
McReynolda,   Frederick 
W. 
1906    McRe>'nolds,  James  C. 

1918  Marshall,   Cloud  R. 
1912    Mason,  Eugene  G. 

1921  Mason,  Guy 
1900    Michener,  L.  T. 
1914    Mioou,  Benjamin 
1906    MiUan,  William  W. 
1906    Minor,  Benjamin  8. 
1906    Mohun,  Barry 

1914    Montgomery,  William  P. 

1922  Moore,    Harry    Thornton 
1922    Morcland,   Sherman 
1914    Morrill,  Cheater 

1920    Morrill,  Lowxy  L. 

1920  .  Morris,  George  Maurice 

1919  Moyers,  Ida  M. 

1919    Mussey,  Ellen  Spcncer 
1922    Uyers,  Abram  F. 
1912    Myers,  T.  Perpy 

1911  Myrick,  N.  Sumner 
1918    Nebeker,  Franklin  K. 

1918  Needham,  Charles  W. 

1921  Newmyer,  Alvin  L. 
.  1922    Nielsen,  Fred  K. 

1912  Norris,  James  L. 
1914    Northrop,  ClaudUn  B. 
1914    Obear,  Hugh  H. 

1922  O'Donoghue,  Daniel  W. 
191B    OlTut,  George  W.,  Jr. 
1921    Ogilby,  C.  F.  R. 

1921    O'Shea,  James  A. 
1921    O'Toole,  Mary 
1921    Outcault,  Dudley  C. 
1921    Pack,  Harold  J. 
1888    Page,  Thomas  Nelson 

1919  Palmer,  A.   Mitchell 
1921    Parker,  A.  Warner 
1921    Parker,  B.  W. 

1880    Parker,  Richard  Wayne 
1912    Pattison,  Allen  a 
•  :UIQ0    Payn^,  John  Blarton 
1921    Peacock,  James  Craig 


BZ8TRI0T 

WasMngi 
Colum 

1914  Peelle, 

1^1  Pelzma 

1909  Penflel< 
1914  Periy. 

1900  Perry, 
1914  Peter,  . 

Md.) 

1912  Peters, 

1914  Peyser, 

1919  Philbin 

1916  Pierce, 
1919  '  Pike,  K 
1918  Pitney, 
1922  Pittmai 

1917  Potter, 

1916  Prevoet, 

1911  Prince, 

1917  Proctor, 
1916  PuUer, 
1916  Quinter, 
1921  Quirk,  I 
1914  Raker,  « 
1886  Ralston, 

1914  Rhodes, 
1921  Richards 

1915  Rit«r,  W 

1912  Ritter,  f 
1921  Roach,  ( 
1921  Roberta, 

1921  Robertsoi 
1912  Robinson 

1922  Rock,  Lo 

1921  Rogers, 

1906  Rogers,  "^ 

1914  Rosenben 

1904  Rowe»  Le 

1914  Rowland, 

1914  Ruffln,  Tl 

1914  Saul,  Joh 

1912  Scaife,  H 

1918  Schick.  J> 

1922  Schlobohr 

1919  SchoUe,  C 

1901  Scott,  Jar 
1919  Scott,  Joh 

1921  Scott,  Rol 
1919  Sellers,  K> 

1922  Sbeehy,  E 

1910  Sbelton,  1! 
1919  Sherier,  J( 
1914  Shields,  J( 
1921  Shinn,  Geo 
1921  Sholes,  Wi 
1918  Shortridge, 
1906  Siddons,  F 


904 


AMEBICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


DIBT&IOT  OF 

WMldngton   (District  of 
OolumbU)  Cont'd 

1014  Wells,  a  A.  M. 

1018  Wells,  George  F. 

1014  Wells,  Robert  W. 

10U  WheaUey,  H.   Wiinhip 

1021  White,  Wm.  Hesxy 

1011  White,    William    Henry, 

Jr. 
1021    Whiteford,  Roger  J. 

1021  Wiener,  David 

1022  WiUebrandt,  Mabel 

Walker 

1014  Williams,  George  Francis 

1016  Williams,  Nathan  B. 

1012  Williamson,  Chas  J. 
1021  Willis,  Frank  a 
1012  Wilson,  Andrew 
1014  Wilson,  Charles  F. 
1004  Wilson,  Clarence  B. 
1878  Wilson,  Nathaniel 
1804  Wilson,  Woodrow 
1011  Winston,  R   W. 

1020  Wise,  Jennings  Cropper 

1021  Wolf,  Alexander 
1021  Wright,  Daniel  Thew 
1014  Wyrell,  Manton  M. 
1021  Teatman,  Rudolph  H. 
1018  Zerely,  J.  W. 

EGYPT 

Alexandria 
1018    Brinton,   Jasper   T. 

SVGLAHD 

Birmingham 
1016   Jewell,  John  F. 

London 

1010  Barratt,  J.  Arthur 

1018    DeFriese,    Lafayette    H. 
(New  York,  N.  Y.) 

1011  Forbes,  J.  Grant  (Boston, 

MasB.) 
1018    Harrington,    Howard    & 
(New  York,  N.  Y.) 

1012  Kellogg,    Virgil   K. 
1021    Lee,  Duncan  Campbell 
1806    Levis,  Howard  C.  (Sche- 
nectady, N.  Y.) 

FLOBIDA 

Bartow  (Polk) 

1021  Boawell.  C.   A. 

1021  Brady,   James  W. 

1021  Holland,  S.   L. 

1021  Oliver,  George  W. 


Bartow    (Polk)    Cont'd 

1011  Ollipfaant,  H.  K. 

1021    Olliphant,  Horace  K.,  Jr. 
1081    Walker,  G.  Edwin 
1021    Wilson,  Sok>n  G. 

BradentowB  (Manatee) 

1020  Crichlow,  W.  B.   Shelby 

1021  Glasier,  H.  & 

1014    Singeltazy,  John  B. 

Bronson  (Levy) 

1021  Rivers,   William  E. 

Ohipley  (Washington) 

1022  Daniel,  James  N. 
1022   Jones,  D.  J. 

Dade  Olty  (Pasco) 

1016  Sturkie,  Robert  B. 

Daytona   (Volusia) 
1021    Sholts,  David 

De  Fnniak  Bpringi  (Walton) 

1811    Campbell,  Angus  G. 
1018    Floumoy,  William  W. 

DeLand  (Volusia) 
1021    Landis,  Gary  D. 

SnstU  (Lake) 
1014    Bishop,  Henry  W. 

Femandina  (Nassau? 

1021    Baker,  Hinton  J. 
1021    Upchurch,  Frank  D. 

Fort    landerdalo    (Broward) 
1880    GarUide,  John  M. 

Fort  Pieroe  (St.  Lode) 

1012  Fee,  Fred 

GainesTiUe   (Alachua) 

1018    Adkina,  J.  C. 
1021    Baxter,  E.  G. 

1017  Ellis,  T.  B.,  Jr. 

1010    Hampton,  William  Wade 
1010    Hampton,  Williani  Wade, 
Jr. 

JackMnTlUe  (Duval) 

1021  Adair,  Henry  P. 

1020  Adams,   Thomas  Burton 

1002  Axtell,  Ezra  P. 

10Q6  Baker,  Robert  A. 

1000  Baker,  William  H. 


JaeksoiiTme   (Doval)   Goaf  d 

1022  Barker,  William  J. 

1022  Bairinger,  Harrison  B. 

lOQS  Bedell,  George  C. 

1022  Blount,    J.    Henry 

1022  Booth,  Lee  Madden 

1006  Bostwick,  Wm.  M..  Jr. 

1006  Bryan,  Nathan  P. 

1028  Caldwell.  SUfford     • 

1018  (Jlark,  Henry  a 

1010  Cockrell,  A.  W.,  Jr. 

1012  Cockrell,  Alston 

1021  Cooper,  John  C,  Jr. 

1022  Copp,  GxrU  C. 

1014  Crawford,  John  T.  G. 

1021  Daniel,  Richard  P. 
1006  Doggett,  John  L. 

1010  Fleming,  (Charles  Seton 

1011  Fleming,    Francis   P. 
IflSl  Foster,  Stephen  E. 

1022  Fowler,  W.  Thomas 
1006  Gibbons,  CromweH 

1011  GIbbs,  George  C. 
1021  Guest,  Lee 

1021  Hale,  Eugene 

1010  Hal^,  D.  Greenwood 

1021  Hamilton,  Frank  P. 

1022  Harding,  JulU  A. 
1008  Hartridge,  John  B. 

1021  Heintz,  Frank  J. 

1022  Hemphill,   Edward   Stro- 

bel 

1022  Howell,  Charles  Cook 

1022  Hutchinson,   Gov. 

1922  Hutchinson,  R.  L. 

1022  Jennings,  S.  B. 

1021  Jones,  Lake 

1022  Kanner,  A.  O. 
1880  Kay,  William  R. 
1021  Knight,  AIbk>n  W. 

1021  Knight,  Telfair 

1022  Lamson,  Herbert 
1010  L*Engle.  B.  J. 

1020  Lewis,  Miles  W. 
1010  Loftin.  Scott  M. 

1012  Long,   Martin   Hetiry 
1018  McCollum,   Oscar  O. 

1021  McGarry,  Paul   D. 
1905  McGany,  Tliomas  P. 
1914  Marks,  Richard  P. 
1021  May,  Philip  S. 

1010  Miller,  Austin 

1018  Noble,  Fred  B. 

1010  Odom,  Patrick  H. 

1922  Osborne,  W.  P. 

1021  Peeler,  Charles  B. 

1006  Powell.  George  IfJ 

1010  Rcjmoldi.  Jobn  Cb^dlcr 


JmtikaouwOU  (Dorftl)  Oont'd 

1806  RlndiaTt,  0.  D. 

1021  Rogen,  Wm.  H. 

1914  8t.  Olalr-Abrami,   Alex. 
Uffi  Stadth,  E.  J.,  Jr. 

1921    Stodcton,    WillUiin    Ten- 

nent 
1920    Stroup,  A.  B. 

1920  Swearingen,  Vtn  O. 
19M    Toomer»  W.  M. 

1921  Walker,  Stanton 

1921  WiUiama,  Simon  F. 

1922  YerkaSy  Damon  6. 
1922    Zacharias,  Isidore  A. 

Soy  Watt  (Monroe) 

1916    Allen,  George  W. 
1911    Tiylor,  H.  H. 

KUaimmae  (Osceola) 

1915  Garrett,    George    Palmer 

1916  Johnston,  Pat. 

lAkaUnd   (Polk) 

1921  Petersdn,  J.  H. 

■Leesbiirg  (Lake) 

1922  Pntch,  Tmman  G. 

Lira  Oak  (Suwanee) 

191S    Harrell,  John  P. 
1914    Boberson,  L.  E. 

XoZntoili  (Marioii) 
1990    Wahl,  J.   H. 

Xadiaoii  (liadison) 
1914    Rowe»  R.  H. 

■arlaitna  (Jackson) 
1906    Wilson,  0.   L. 


1921 
1914 
1021 
1914 
1919 
1916 
1921 
1916 
1919 
1922 
1906 
1916 
1919 
1904 


Miami  (Dade) 

Ban»,  Samuel  J. 
Benson,  CHifton  D. 
BottB,   Fred 
Brown,  Armstead 
Burdine,   R.   FVeeman 
Gautier,  Redmond  B. 
Oramling,  John  G. 
Hudson,  Frederick  M. 
Kurtz,  Everett  B. 
Price,  Mitchell  D. 
Price,  William  H. 
Railey,  Lilbum  R. 
Robineau,    Simon    Pierre 
Rose,  A.  J. 
Scott,  Paul  R. 


IXOBIDA-^SAHOX 

KUmi  (Dade)  Gont'd 

1916  Sfantts,  Frank  B. 

1914  Smith,  William  P. 

1921  Taylor,  Paul  O. 

1921  Ttiompson,  Uly  0. 

1922  Tifyman,  Lewis 

1919  WilUrd,  Ben  O. 

XntoD  (Santa  Roai) 

1921    Clark,  W.  W. 

1920  Lewis,  Giles  F. 

1920  McGeachy,  R.  A. 

Ooala  (Marion) 

1910    Dural,  Louis  W. 
1918    Ferguson,  D.  Niel 

Orlando  ((h^nge) 

1921  Andrews,  Gharles  O. 
1921    Davis,  E.  W. 

1921  Oiks,  LeRoy  B. 

1914  Jones,  John  0. 

1914  Jones,  Joseph  H. 
1896  Maasey.  Louia  O. 

1921  Robinson,  0.  B. 

1922  Warlow,   T.   Pieton 

Ponaaeola  (Escambia) 

1920  Beall,  Phillip  D. 

1920  Goe,  J.  M. 

1916  Fisher,  William 

1920  HolAcrry,  Leroy  V. 

1910  Maxwell,  Evelyn  0. 

1916  Pasco,  Samuel 

1920  Reese,   R.  Pope 

1915  Stokes,  John  P. 
1908  Sullivan,  J.  J. 
1920  Watson,   W.  H. 

1914  Yonge,  J.  B.  Davis 

Plant  City  (HilhdMmmgh) 

1916  Wella,  G.  B. 

Bt.  Angnatino   (St.   Johns) 

1915  Dewhurst,  Wm.  W. 

St.  Petersburg  (Pinellaa) 

1920  Buasey,  James  R. 

1918  Merrell,  Herman 

Saaford  (Seminole) 

1919  Rousholder,  B.  F. 

Sarasota  (Manatee) 

1021    Gillespie,  J.  Hannltoa 

1921  Peny,  W.  Y. 


TftMalttW  (Leon) 

1919   Browne,  Jaffersaa  Bl 
1919    Ellla,  W.  H. 

1918  Gainea,  J.  B. 

Tampa   (Hillsborough) 

1919  Altman,  Pasco 
1910   Baya,  Harry  P. 

1918  Okraballo,   Martin 

1920  Carlton,  Doyle  E. 
1910  Chuter,  WiUUm  A. 
1910  Fraxier,  Joseph  W. 
1906  Glen,  Jamea  F. 
1910  Hampton,  Hilton  S. 
1908  Hunter,  WfllUm 

1919  Kelly,  T.  Paine 

1910  Knight,  Peter  O. 

1912  Lucas,  lltomas  Edward 

1912  McKay,  Kenneth  I. 

1916  McMuUen,  Alonao  B. 

1919  Morris,  James  W.,  Jr. 

1916  Morrow,  (Charles  J. 

1916  Parkhfll,  Charies  B. 

1911  Pettingill,  N.  B.  K. 

1921  PhlllSpa,  H.  8. 

1921  Reavea,  O.  K. 
1919  Sandler,  Harry  N. 

1912  Shackleford,  T.  M.,  Jr. 
1919  Sutton,  John  B. 

1918  Turner,  Alonzo  G. 
1916    Watson,  J.   T. 

TaYarea  (Lake) 

1916  Duncan,   Harry  O. 

West  Palm  Beach   (Palm 
Beach) 

1919  Bussej,  H.  L. 

1920  Osrmichael,  M.  D. 

1922  ChilUngworth.  O.  E. 
1919    DonneU,  E.  B. 

1922    Wideman,  Jerome  E. 

WinterhaTen  (Polk) 

1921  Oaig,  E.  R. 

1917  Register,  Don 
1921    Summerlin,  A. 

1921    Tbuchton,  William  J. 

Winter  Park   (Orange) 
1911    Vana  Agnew,  P.  A. 

FEAVCE 

Paria 

1918  Beckley,  Pendleton 
1914    Conner,  Benjamin  H. 
1917    Emrich.  Wm.  H.  Pauling 
1899    Hubbard,  Hari^ 


906 


AMSBICAN   BAB  AB60CIATI0N. 


eSOBOZA 

A1>>tTUl«  (Wilcox) 

lffl7  Uwion,  H»I. 

Albany    (Dougherty) 

lOlA  Bennet,  Sam  8. 

1914  Hotmayer,  I.  J. 

1914  Payton.  Claude 

1914  Pope,  John  D. 

1914  Pottle,  J.  R. 

AmerleiM  (Sumter) 

1918  Dykes,  W.  W. 
1921  Ellia,  O.  B. 
1921  Webb,  O.  O. 

Arllnftoii  (Calhoun) 

1929  Fortson,  B.  W. 

Athens    (Clarke) 

1921  BradwcU,  J.  D. 

1912  Oobb,  Andrew  J. 

1921  Oomett,  Walter  Q. 

1914  Fortson,  Blanton 

1921  Gamble,  John  B. 

1921  Lumpkin,  E.  K. 
1914  Morris,  3ylvanus 
1904  Strickland,   John   J. 

Atlantn  (Fulton) 

1919  Alston,   Robert  C. 
1919  Andrews,  Walter  P. 
1901  Arnold,  Reuben  R. 
1897  Brandon,   Morris 
1914  Bryan,  Shepard 
1929  Candler,  Asa  W. 
1919  Candler,  John  8. 

1922  (Chalmers,   Franklin  S. 
1914  Chastain,  Edward  8. 
1917  Chipley.  Hunt 

1919  Colquitt,  Walter  T. 

1922  Cook,   Robert  Manguro 

1914  Fish,  William  H. 

1922  Gilbert,   S.    Price 

1919  Haas,  Leonard 

1909  Hammond,    TheodtM-e    A. 
1919  Heyman,  Arthur 

1919  Hif^don,  T.  B. 

1916  Hirsch,  Harold 

1916  Hopkins,  Stiles 

1919  Howell,   Albert 
1916  Hynds,  John   A. 

1910  Johnson,  Pml  B. 

1920  Jones,  Harrison 

1919  Jonas,  Robert  P. 

1920  Jones,  Winfleld  P. 

1921  Jordan,  James  KoUock 


esoEaiA 

Atlanta    (Pulton)    Ooot*d 

1910  King,  Alexander  C. 

1910  KontB,  Ernest  C. 

1913  Latimer,  W.   Carroll 
1916  McDaniel,  Sanders 
1916  MacDougald,    Daniel 
1919  Parker,  R.  & 

1914  Peeples,  Henry  C. 

1919  Pomeroy,  Edgar  E. 
1914  Porter,  J.  H. 

1916  Powell,   Arthur  Gray 

1912  Randolph,  Hollins  N. 

1914  Rosser,  Luther  Z. 

1914  Russell,  R.  B. 

1920  Sibley,  John  A. 
1916  Slaton,  John  M. 

1909  Smith,  Alexander  W.,  Sr. 

1916  Smith,  Marion 

1909  Smith,  Victor  Lamar 

1916  Spalding,  Hughes 

1920  Spalding,  Jack  J. 

1914  Stephens,    Alexander   W. 

1914  Thomson,  W.  D. 

1914  Tye,  John  L. 

1914  Underwood,  B.  Marrln 

1910  Watkins,  Edgar 

Augusta  (Richmond) 

1912  Barrett,  Wm.  H. 

1917  Howard,  William  M. 

1913  Hull,  James  M.,  Jr. 

Balnbridge  (Decatur) 

1922  Bell,  Henry  Qra4y 

1919  Custer,  W.  V. 
1910  Hawcs,  T.  S. 
1922  O'Neal,  M.  E. 

1916  Wilson,  John  R. 

Bronswlok  (Qlynn) 

1917  Bennett,  Joseph  W. 

1921  Butts,  BosUce  C. 
1921  (buyers,  a  B. 
1800  Crovatt,  A.  J. 

1920  Crovatt,  Alfred  Hayne 

1921  Krauss,   Daniel   Webster 

1917  Reese,  Millard 

1921  Twitty,  Frank  Elmore 

Cairo  (Grady) 

1918  Bell,  R.  C. 
1921  Pope,  Jeff  A. 

OamiUa  (Mitchell) 

1919  Cox,  E.  Eugene 

Camp  Benning 

1914  King,  Archibald 


OadartowB  (Piolk) 
1919    WatUm,  Homer 

Columbiu  (Muscogee) 

1921  BatUe,  Charlton  K. 

1921  OsggsUtter,  Heniy  D. 

1911  (Soetchius,  Henry  R. 
1921  Slade,  Lester  a 

1919  Swift,  H.  H. 
1921    TerreU,  J.  R. 

Oordolo  (Crisp) 

1912  Onm,  D.  A.  R. 

Darien  (Mcintosh) 
1912    lyson,  Charles  M. 

Dawson  (Terrel) 

1916  Wilkinson,  H.   A. 

1920  Teomans,  M.  J. 

Dublin  (Laurens) 
1919    Camp,  R.  Earl 

Emory  UnlTonlty 
1906    Williams,  Ssrouel  O. 

KawklnsTiUo  (PuUsU) 
1914    Lawson,  Harley  P. 

La  rayotto  (Walker) 

1918  Shattuck,  Norman 

La  Orango  (Troup) 

1917  Moon,   E.   T. 

1921  Thompson,  Arthur  Hayes 

LoniSTillo  (Jefferson) 

1917    PhiUips,  John  R. 
1917    Phillips,  W.  U 

Xacoa  (Bibb) 

1887  Bartlett,  Chaa.  U 

1919  Grice,  Warren 
1919  Hall,  Caiarles  H. 
1917  Harris,  John  B. 
1914  Harris,  Walter  A. 
1914  Jonea,  George  S. 
1919  Jones,  Malcolm  D. 
1914  Miller,  A.  L. 

1919  Miller,  Wallace 

1910  Park,  Onrille  A. 

1914  Smith,  John  R.  I^ 

1919  Strosier,  Harry  8. 

Xarletta  (Cobb) 
1919    Blair,  D.  W. 


I 


908 


AMBBIOAN    BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


Barley  (GasBia) 

1913  Lee,  T.  Bailey 

CkaUis  (Cutter) 

1921  Brown,  Ifilton  Adama 

Ooenr  d'Alene  (Kootenai) 

1900  Ailihie,  Jamea  P. 

1919  Berg,  E.  H. 

1919  Booghton,  E.  Y. 

1919  Culp,  Lynn  W. 

1919  Elder,  R.  H. 

1915  Flynn,  John  M. 

1914  McOlear,  Jamea  L. 
1919  McFarland,  W.  B. 
1919  Nelson,  Ralph  8. 
1919  Reed,  Bert  A. 
1919  Wemette,  N.  D. 
1919  Whitla,  Esra  R. 

Onin^vllle  (Idaho) 
1919    Auger,  Bwchmana 

IdAlio  Falli  (Bonneville) 

1922  Johanneaen,  Oscar  A. 
1918    McCutcheon,  Otto  E. 

1918  St.  Clair,  Clency 

Lewltton  (Nea  Peroe) 

190i  Babb,  James  E. 

1910  Butler,  Fred.  E. 

1906  Cox,  Eugene  A. 

1919  Leeper,  Robert  D. 

KoBtpaller  (Bear  Lake) 
1912    Oough,    Aurelian   Bmoe 

Koioow  (UUh) 

1916  Oockerill,  O.  P. 

Vampa  (Canyon) 

1918    Lamson,  George  W. 
1918    Rhodes,  p.  L. 

Payette    (Payette) 
1918    Freehafer,   Albert  L. 

Focatello  (Bannock) 

1921    Bacon,  James  B. 

1915  Budge,  Jesse  R.  S. 

1920  CofRn,  Thomas  C. 

1921  Edens,  William 
1921  McDougall,  Isaac 
1921  McDougall,  Isaac  E. 
1921  Merrill,  R.  D. 
1921  Peterson,  J.  H. 
1914  Terrell,  Robert  If. 


isAao^-xxxorozB 

Pocfttello  (Bannock)  Cont'd 

1918  Tbompaon,  Horace  B. 

1906  Tumor,  Harry  R. 

1916  White,  E.  C. 

1916  Witty,  W.  H. 

Xathdnun  (Kootenai) 
1918    Heitman,  Oharlea  L. 

Bftlmen  (Lemhi) 
1921    Burleigh,  Henri  J. 

Silver  City  (Owyhee) 
1921    SUcy,  Wright  A. 

Twin  FaUi  (Twin  Palla) 

1915  Babcock,   W.   A. 
1918    Bothwell,  Jamea  Rj 

1916  Daviea,  John  E. 

1918  Hicks,  A.  R. 
1916    Wise,  Jamea  H. 

Wallace  (Shoshone) 

1908    Beale,  (3harle8  W. 
1921    Callahan,  Donald  A. 

1919  Craig,  CJharles  H. 

1919  Featheratone,    Albert   H. 

1914  Fox,  Carlton 

1921  Gundlach,  S.  S.* 

1919  Hanson,  Walter  H. 

1919  Homing,  Charlca  E. 

1919  Hull,  Harold  J. 

1921  MoEvers,  John  Hi 

1918  TOwIes,  Therrett 
1914  Wayne,  Jamea  A. 

1919  Worstell,  Harrold  E. 

Weieer  (Washington) 
1918    Varian,  Bertram  S. 

ILLIVOIB 

Aledo   (Mercer) 
1921    CSarlstrom,   Oscar  E. 

Alton    (Madison) 
1921    Boynton,  William  P. 

Aurora  (Kane) 

1921    Alschuler,    Benjamin    P. 
1912    Plain,  Frank  O. 
1921    Worcester,   Theodore 

Belleville  (St.  Clair) 

1921    Perrin,  L.   N.   Nick,  Jr. 
1918    Tecklenburg,  F.  J. 


Bement  (Piatt) 
1921    Thompaon,  Oeoige  M. 

BIOOmlngteB  (McLean) 

1921  Bracken.  Wihiam  K. 

1901  Capen,  Charlea  L. 

1921  De  Pew,  Joaeph  W. 

1921  Donnelly,  B.  E. 

1921  FItsHenry,  Louia 

1921  Irwin,  Samuel  P. 

1921  Kennedy,  llioniaa 

1980  Zweng,  Charles  A. 

Cairo  (Alexander) 

1921    Lanaden,  David  S. 
1921    Lanaden,  John  M. 

Cambridge  (Henry) 
1921    King,  Erman  A. 

Canton  (Pulton) 

1914    Chiperfield,  B.  M. 
1921    Hippler.  C.  Harold 

OarboDdale    (Jackson) 

1920  Feirich,  Charlea  E. 

Carmi  (White) 
1916    Randolph,  CJharles  T. 

Carthage  (Hancock) 
1908    O'Harra,  Apolloa  W. 

Oentralia  (Marion) 

1921  Jonaa,  L.   H. 

1921    Skipper,  Logan  B. 
1980    Smith.  June  C. 

Champaign  (Oiampeicn) 
1916    Bauer,   Ralph  8. 
1921    Dobbina,  Donald  Cleude 
1921    Kerker,  Harry  E. 
1921    Scbaefer,  Peter  P. 

Oharlettea  (Col«) 

1921    Anderson,   Sumner   8L 
1921    Kelly,  Jamea  Y. 

Chicago  (Cook) 

1921  Aaron,  Charlea 

1916  Aaron,  Henry  J. 

1921  Abbott,  Edwin  H. 

1918  Abrahamaon,  Henry  M. 

1921  A 'Brunswick,  Frank  P. 

1921  Adams,  Am  O. 

1921  Adama,  Ralph 


8TATB  LIST  OF   HEHBEBS  BY   CITIES   AND  TOWNS. 


909 


OlilflAffo  (Oook)  Ckmt'd 

1021  Adasu,    Robert    McOor- 

mick 

1918  Adams,  Samuel 

1918  Addlnffton,  Keene  H. 
1914  Adelman,  Abram  R. 
1981  Adklnson,  Elmer  W. 
1914  Adler,  Sidney 

1908  Alden,  W.  T. 

19S1  Alkgretti,  Francis  B. 

19Z1  Alscfauler,  Sanmel 

1922  Altheimer,  Benjamin  J. 

1921  Andalman,  Samuel  J. 

1919  Anderaon,  O.  Bemhard 

1921  Anderson,  Norman  K. 

1922  Andrews,  Roecoe  G. 
1916  Angerstein,  Thomas  0. 
1006  Ap  Hadoc,  W.  T. 
1912  Appell,  Albert  J.  W. 
1922  Arnold,  Victor  P. 
1912  Ashcraft,  Raymond  M. 

1910  Austin,  Chauncey  G.,  Jr. 
1921  Austin,  Edward  W. 
1906  Austrian,  Alfred  S. 

1921  Baar,  Arnold  R. 

1916  Bachrach,  Walter 

1916  Bacon,  Henry  M. 

1921  Baker,  Inring  Wesley   . 

1921  Baldridge,  Baker 

1906  Baldwin,  Henry  R. 

19M  Baldwin,  W.  W. 

1914  Ball,  Farlin  H. 

1921  Ballard,  Ernest  S. 

1895  Bancroft,  Edgar  A. 

1911  Bangs,  Frederick  A. 
1919  Bangs,  Hal  G. 

1921  Bangs,  William  Dean 

1912  Barasa,  Bernard  P. 
1914  Barbour,  James  J. 
1906  Barnes.  Albert  0. 
1919  Barnes,  Cecil 

1917  Barnes,  Harry  0. 
1921  Barnes,  John  P. 

1904  Bamett,  Otto  Raymond 

1921  Barnhart,  Marvin  E. 

1921  Bartelme,  Mary  M. 

1908  Barthell,  Edward  E. 

1921  Bartlett,  Charles  G. 

1887  Bartlett,  Charles  L. 

1906  Bartley,  Chas.   E. 

1921  Bates,  Jeanette 

1916  Beach,  Elmer  E. 

1916  Beach,  Raymond  W. 

1896  Beale.  William  Q. 
1912  Becker,   Benjamin   V. 
1921  Becker,  Louis  L. 
1921  Bederman,  Edwin  B. 
1921  Beebe,  Walter  E. 


ZLUHOXB 
OhiMgo  (Cook)  Cont'd 

1921  Beebe,  William 

1912  Behan,  Louis  J. 
1921  Belfield,  A.  Miller 
1921  Bell,  Hayden  N. 
1921  Bell,  Will  J. 
1909  Belt,  William  0. 
1921  Bengel,  Frederic  H. 

1911  Bennet,  WiUiam  9. 
1906  Bentley,  Cyrus 
1921  Berger,  Henry  A. 
1921  Berger.  William  B. 

1919  Berkson,  Maurice 
1921  Bern,  Edward  A. 
1921  Bernstein,  Fred 

1920  Berry,  George  A.,  Jr. 

1913  Best,  E.  O. 
1916  Beye,  William 

1921  Bicek,  Frank  H. 
1008  Billings,  G.  L. 

1022  Binswanger,    Augustus 

1912  Bishop,  James  Franklin 
1916  Black,  John  D. 

1921  Blackwood,  R.  E. 

1922  Blaha,  Ralph  G. 

1921  Blake,  Guy  M. 

1922  Blanksten,  Samuel  B. 
1922  Blatner,  William  D. 
1008  Bledsoe.  S.  T. 

1022  Blim.  Henry  L. 

1021  Block,   Samuel 

1016  Block!,  Gale 

1021  Bloom,  David  H. 

1021  Blum,  A.  M. 

1021  Blum,   Henry  Sw 

1021  Blumberg,  Nathan  S. 

1920  Blumenthal,  Isadore  S. 

1921  Blumenthal,  Oscar 

1921  Blumrosen,  David 

1914  Bobb,  Dwight  S. 
1021  Book,    John    Taylor 
1013  Borders,  M.  W. 
1021  Borrelli,  Francis 

1020  Boucher.  John  J. 

1021  Boutell,  Francis  L. 

1922  Bowe.  /ftigustine  J. 
1921  Boylan.  Peter  Richard 

1921  Boyle,  Edward 
1916  Boyle,  Lawrence  P. 
1914  Bradley,  Ralph  R. 

1922  Bradley,  Thomas  E.  D. 
1922  Brady,   William  N. 
1912  Breding.  Ben.  N. 

1921  Breen,  James  W. 

1921  Brendecke,  Walter  A. 

1921  Brill,  J.  Leonard 

1921  Brothers,  David  M. 

1916  Brothers,  Elmer  D. 


Okloago  (Oook)  Oont'd 

1021  Brothers,    William    Vin 

cent 

1021  Brouillet,  Hector  A. 

1002  Brown,  Charles  A. 

1916  Brown,  Charles  Le  Roy 

1021  Brown,  Charl«i  R. 

1914  Brown,  Edward  Eagle 
1006  Brown,  Edward  Osgood 
1012  Brown,  Frederick  A. 
1916  Brown,  James  Edgar 
1021  Brown,  Milton  A. 
1021  Brown.  Scott 

1804  Brown,  Taylor  E. 

1001  Bruce,  Andrew  A. 

1019  Bruggemeyer,  Mancha 

1008  Buckingham.    George   T. 

1021  Buckley,  Thomas  M. 

1921  Buckle,  Warren  B. 

1912  BuUcl^,  Almon  W. 

1021  Bull,  FoUett  W. 
1018  Bunch,  Thaddeus  O. 

1022  Burchmore,  John  S. 
1021  Burgess,  Kenneth  F. 

1021  Burke,  Thomas  F. 
1014  Burke.  Webster  H. 
1012  Bumham,  Frederic 
1014  Burns,  James  F. 

1022  Burr,  Maurice 
1021  Burr.  Maurice  E. 
1010  Burras.    Charles  H. 
1806  Burry.  WUliam 
1012  Burton,  Chaa.  S. 
1012  Busby,  Leonard  A. 
1010  Busch,  Francis  Z. 

1021  Bush,  Frank  Q. 

1022  Busbonville,    Leslie   F. 
1021  Bussian,  John  A. 

1006  Butler,   Rush  C. 

1021  Byrne.  Charles  E. 

1021  Caldwell,  Louis  G. 

1918  Cameron,  John  M. 

1920  Cameron,  Ossian 

1921  Campbell.  Benjamin  A. 
1916  Campbell,  Herbert  J. 
1916  Campbell.   John  O. 

1913  Csmpbell,  R.  M. 
1916  Campbell,  Robert  W. 

1916  Cannon.  Thomas  H. 

1919  Canty.  F.  J. 
1921  Carlin,  Nellie 

1921  Camahan,  Charles  G. 

1906  Carpenter,  George  A. 

1915  Carpenter,  Paul 
1921  Carroll.  Frank  J. 

1919  Carson.  William  Sherman 

1917  Carter.    Howard   M. 
1908  Carter.  Orrin  N. 


910 


▲HERICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


Ohioaro  (Oook)  Cont'd 

1914  Oirton,  Alfred  T. 

1981  GaiTDski,  Stephen  B. 

1912'  Oaae,    Chas.    Center,   Jr. 

1914  OMe,  William  W. 

1912  OuBela,  Edwin  H. 

1919  Castle,  Howard  P. 

1919  Cattel,    Archibald 

1890  Cbancellor,  Justus 

1921  Chandler,  Henry  P. 

1914  Chapman,  Tlieodore  S. 

1921  Charles,  Albert  N. 

1906  Cheever,  D.  B. 

1921  Cheney,  Henry  D. 

1921  Childs,  Lester  C. 

1921  Chindahl,  George  L. 

1921  Chones,  William 

1921  Christopher,   T.    Irvinff 

1921  Churan,   Charles  A. 

1921  Church,  Chester  W. 

1921  Church,  Balph  E. 

1922  Clark,  Ainaworth  W. 
1921  Clark,  Charles  D. 
1919  Clark,  Charles  V. 

1914  Clark,   Lincoln  B. 

1915  Clarke,  Henry  L. 

1921  Clary,  A.  B. 

1922  Cleary,  Leo  V. 

1922  Clements,  Chauncey  N. 

1912  Cleveland,  Chester  E. 

1916  CliiTord,  Bichard  W. 
1921  Clinnin,  John  V. 

1918  Clithero,  Delbert  A. 
1921  Cloud,  A.   D. 

1916  Clyne,  Charlea  F. 

1919  Cobb,  Charles  L. 

1921  Ooghlan,  Henry  D. 

1922  Cohen,  Archie  H. 
1921  Cohen,  Qeorge  B. 

1921  Cohen,  Samuel 

1922  Cohn,  Louis  S. 

1916  Coleman,  James  Leonard 

1921  Coliopoulos,      Emmanuel 

G. 

1919  Collins,  Beryl  B. 

1921  Colson,  Harry  G. 

1922  Colwell,  Clyde  C. 

1912  Comerford,    Frank 
1914  Condee,  Leander  D. 
1916  Condit,  J.  Sidney 

1913  Condon,  James  G. 
1916  Condon,  Thomas  J. 
1919  Conerty,  Joseph  A. 

1914  Connell,  Joseph  A. 
1919  Cook,  Edgar  J. 
1910  Cook,  Wells  M. 
1919  Cooke,  George  A. 
1921  Coonley,  Henry  E. 


iLLnroiB 

Ohioago   (Cook)   Cont'd 

1919  Cooper,  Homer  H. 

1921  Corboy,   William  J. 

1921  Cowan,  Leonard  L. 
1906  Cox,  Arthur  M. 

1922  Crafts,  H.  K. 
1921  Craig.  Bryan  T. 
1921  Crandall,  Balph  G. 
1921  Grapple,  Guy  CrapuUo 
1921  Craven,  Alfred  W. 
1921  Creekmur,  John  W. 
1912  Creasy,  Morton  S. 

1921  Cromwell,    Willum    Ne- 
varre 

1918  CroBsley,  Frederic  B. 

1921  Crow,  William  B. 

1922  Cudahy,  E. 

1912  Culver,  Morton  T. 
1921  Cununings,  John  H. 
1921  Cummins,  Joseph 

1913  Cunnea,  William  A. 
1916  Currier,  Albert  Dean 
1906  Cutting.  Chas  S. 

1919  Dahlberg,  G.  A. 
1921  Dahlin,  C.  Edward 
ISIZl  Dammann,  J.   F.,  Jr. 
1912  D'Ancona,  Edward  N. 
1921  Daniels,   Bobert  W. 

1921  Dankowski,  L  F. 

1922  Darley,  Beginald  C. 
1906  David,  Joseph  B. 
1919  David,  Sigmund  W. 

1921  Davidson,  John  L. 

1922  Davidson,  Martin  M. 
1921  Davis,  Abel 

1906  Davis,  Brode  B. 

1914  Day,   Stephen   Albion 

1919  DeFrees,  Donald 
1908  DeFrees,  Joseph  H. 
1921  Dellenback,  William  H. 
1921  De  Moe,  Earl  W. 

1921  Demos,  Paul 

1897  Deneen,  Charles  S. 

1916  Denning,  Clarence  P. 

1918  Dent,   Lc^is  L. 

1883  Dent,  Thomas 

1920  Deutschman,  Archie  J. 

1921  Devine,  Miles  J. 

1919  DeYoung,  Frederic  B. 
1919  Dick,  Homer  T. 

1884  Dickinson,  Jacob  M. 
1919  Dickinson,  J.  M.,  Jr. 
1905  Dickinson,  J.  B. 
1921  Dierasen,  George  £. 
1921  Dillon,  William  H. 
1921  Ditchbume,  Harry  S. 
1921  Dixon,  George  W. 
1921  Dixon,  Simeon  W. 


ChiOAgo  (Cook)  Cont'd 

1916  Dixon,  William  W. 

1913  Dobyns,  Fletcher 

1913  Dolan.   M.   D. 

1919  Dow,  Hany  A. 

1913  Dowell,  O^sood  H. 

1921  Downes,  Joanna  E. 
1919  Doyle,  Edward  Andrew 

1922  Doyle,  Leo  J. 
1919  Doyle,  William  A. 
1921  Dreiske,  George  J. 
1921  Dresser,  Jasper  Marion 
1921  Drucker,  Henry  M. 
1921  Dulsky,  Louis 

1921  Dulsky,  Samuel 

1919  Dunbar,  David  O. 

1921  Dimbaugh,  Harry  J. 

1921  Dunn,  Bobert  W. 

1921  Durand,   Arthur  F. 

1922  Durham,  Harold  B. 
1921  Duval,  William  H. 

1910  Dynes,  O.  W. 

1899  Dyrenforth,  William  H. 

1921  Eakin,  Edgar  Oswald 

1921  Early,  John 

1907  Eastman,  Albert  N. 
1889  Eastman,  Sidney  C. 
1909  Eaton,   Marquis 
1921  Eberhardt,   Alfar   M. 
1921  Eckert,  Walter  H. 

1908  Eckhart,  Percy  B. 

1921  Edelson,  Bobert 
1912  Ekem,  Herman  L. 

1911  Elder,  Chas.  a 

1922  Eldridge,  F.  Howard 

1912  Elliott.  Bobert  L. 
1921  Ellis,  Howard 
1906  Elting,  Victor 

1919  England,  Edward  U 

1906  English,  Lee  F. 

1921  Ennis,  James  Ignstius 

1916  Enoch,  Albert  B. 

1921  Erb,  J.  a 

1921  Erland,  Hemy  H. 

1912  Ettelson,  Samuel  A. 

1914  Evans,  John  T. 
1908  Evans,  I^mden 
1916  Evans,  Peter  L. 

1912  Everett,  Edward  W. 
1921  Fales,  David 

1916  Falk,  Lester  L. 

1921  Farrell,  Bobert  H. 

1913  Faasett,  Eugene  Q. 

1916  Faulkner,  Charles  J.,  Jr. 

1921  Feinberg,    Michael 

1912  Felsenthal,  Eli  B. 

1912  Fergus,  Bobert  O. 

1912  Fernald,  Gustavua  a 


STATE  LIST  OF  MEMBEBS  BT   OITIBS  AND  TOWNS. 


911 


OhiOMTO  (Oook)  Cont'd 

1021  Fet2er»  William  R. 

1922  Fidler,  George  E. 

1891  Field,  Heinan  H. 

1921  Fink,  Albert 

1921  Fink,  George  E. 

1921  Finn,  Richard  J. 

1921  Finnegan,  Thomaa  J. 

1906  Fisher,  George  P. 

1921  Fiaher,  Harry  M. 

1922  Fiske,  Kenneth  M. 

1921  Fitch.  Joseph  H. 
1916  Fitta,  Henry 

1922  Fitzgerald,  Charles  F. 

1921  Flannigan,  Richard  J. 
1912  Fletcher.  Robert  V. 

1922  Floyd,  Henry  B. 
1912  Foell,  Charles  M. 
1914  Fogle,  John  L. 

1912  Follansbee,  Mitchell  D. 

1914  Folonie,  Robert  J. 

1919  Folsom,  Richard  & 

1916  Foote,  Roger  L. 

1914  Fordham,  Albert  0. 
1912  Foreman,  Milton  J. 
1921  Forrest.  William  S. 
1921  Foretall,  James  J. 
1912  Foster,  Stephen  A. 
1921  Fox,  Jacob  Logan 
1921  Frank,  Bernhardt 

1919  Frank,  Jerome  N. 

1915  Freeman,  Charles  T. 
1921  French,   Charles  Newton 
1908  Freund,  Ernst 

1921  Friedman.  Herbert  J. 

1921  Ftiedman.  William 

1920  Friend,  Hugo  M. 
1902  Ftost,  £.  Allen 

1918  Fulton,  Arthur  W. 
1912  F^e,  Colin  C.  H. 
1912  Gallagher,  M.  F. 

1919  Gann,  David  B. 

1921  Gannon,  George 
1921  Gardner,  Addison  L. 
1921  Gardner,  Henry  A. 

1920  Garey,  Earl  J. 

1918  Garey.  Eugene  L 

1921  Gaakill,  Roy  S. 

1919  Gavin,  John  E. 
1914  Gavin,  Richard  I. 
1921  Geary,  John  R. 
1921  Gehr,  S.  W. 
1921  Gerlach,  Fred 

1921  Gesas,  Michael 

1922  Gibson,  Joseph  R. 
1919  Gilbert,  Barry 
1919  Gilbert,  Hiram  T. 
1921  Gilbert,  Samuel  Harvey 


nxxHon 

Chicago  (Cook)  Cont'd 

1921  Gilnith,  Irwin  T. 

1921  Girten,  Michael  F. 

1919  Glennon,  Edward  T. 

1921  Godehn,  Paul  M. 

1919  Godman,  Elwood  G. 

1921  Golde,  Joseph  A. 

1921  Goodman,  Charles 

1916  Goodman,  Mark  D. 
1921  Qoodspeed,  C.  T.  B. 

1917  Goodwin,  Clarence  N. 
1916  Gorham,  Sidney  S. 
1921  Gorman,  George  E. 
1921  Gottlieb,  H.  N. 

1921  Grams,  Walter  E. 

1921  Graves,  Wm.   C. 
1919  Graydon,  Thomas  J. 
1906  Greeley,  Louis  M. 

1922  Green,  Thomas  A. 
1921  Greenacre,  Alice 
1908  Greenacre,  Isaiah  T. 
1921  Greene.  J.  Kent 

1921  Greenlimb.    Peter  E. 

1918  Gregory,  Tappan 
1904  Gresham,  Otto 
1906  Gridley,  Martin  M. 
W9  Grollman,  Louis 

1922  Groner,  Powell  C. 
1921  Grossberg,  Jacob  G. 

1921  Grover,  Mortimer  C. 

1922  Gubemator,  E.  S. 

1918  Gueiln,   Mark  E. 
1921  Guerine,  Guy  C. 
1921  Guilliams,  John   R, 

1919  Guinan,  James  J. 
1921  Gunnell,  J.  M. 
1912  Gurley,  Wm.  W. 
1919  Hack.  Fred  C. 
1919  Haft.  Charles  M. 
1908  Hagan,  Henry  M. 
1919  Haight.  George  L 
1921  Haight.   William  H. 
1921  Hale,  William  Brown 
1916  Hall,  David  F. 

1908  Hall,  James  P. 

1921  Hall.  Ross  C. 

1922  Haller.  Louis  P. 
1911  Uamill.  Charles  H. 
1922  Hamilton,  Charles  S. 
1921  Handy.  James  S. 
1921  Hanecy,   Elbridge 
1921  Hanley.  Henry  L. 
1919  Hansen,  Otto  S. 

1919  Hapeman.  W.  T. 
1906  Harding,  Charles  F. 

1920  Harding,  Charles  F.,  Jr. 

1921  Hardy,  Robert  C. 
1921  Harkness,  Frank  E. 


Chicago  (Cook)  Cont'd 

1912  Harlan,  John  Maynard 

1912  Harley,   Herbert 

1921  Harman,  Harry  De  Jersey 

1921  Harmon,   Rc^  Milton 

1918  Harper,  Samuel  A. 

1921  Harrington,    Patrick  T. 

1922  Harris,  Joseph 
1921  Hsrris,  Paul  P. 
1912  Harrold,  James  P. 

1915  Hart,  Louis  E. 
1920  Hartigan.  Edward 

1916  Havard,  Charles  H. 

1920  Hawkins,  Kenneth  B. 

1919  Hawxhurst,  Ralph  R. 

1921  Hay,  William  Sherman 
1916  Hayes,  Howard  W. 
1919  Hasen,  Irwin  R. 

1921  Healy,  Daniel  M. 

1908  Healy,  John  J. 
1919  Hebel.  Oscar 
1919  Hedrick,  Edwin 
1921  Hefferan.  William  & 

1921  Helander.  William  E. 
1919  Helmer,   Bessie  Bradwell 
1916  Helmer.  Frank  A. 

1922  Hennings,  Abrsham  J. 
1921  Henry,  Louis 

1921  Herbert,    Paul  W. 

1922  Herman,   Maxwell  R. 
1921  Herrick,  Walter  D. 
1919  Herrlott.   Irving 
1921  Hess,  Franklin 

1919  Hibben,  Samuel  E. 

1909  Hill,  John  W. 

1921  Hills,  Charles  W.,  Jr. 

1921  Hines,  Patrick  A. 

1908  Hinton,  Edward  W. 

1921  Hitch,  Marcus 

1912  Hoag,  Parker  H. 

1921  Hodges,  Ernest  Stanley 

1921  Holfman,  Julius  J. 

1919  Hoffman,  Leo  W. 

1919  Holden,  Charles  R. 

1921  Holden.  Walter  S. 

1889  Holdom,  Jesse 

1915  Hollen,  Richard  H. 

1921  Holly,  William  H. 

1921  Holmes,  George  B. 

1921  Holter,  Nels  J. 

1921  Holton,  Charles  Ray 

1921  Hoover,  Jonas  0. 

1914  Hopkins,  Albert  J. 

1918  Hopkins.   Albert  L. 

1921  Hopkins.  John  L. 

1921  Rombsker,  Clyde  O. 

1914  Homer,  Henry 

1921  Homstein,  Leoo 


912 


AMERICAN    BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


Ohioaro  (Oook)   Cont'd 

19Z1  Hostetter,  Earl  D. 

1919  Houlihan,  Francis  J. 

1922  Houae.  Arthur  A. 

1921  HoTcy,  Fred  B. 

1921  Howard,  Hans  L. 

1921  Howard,  Hubert  E. 

1919  Howe,  Beverly  W. 

1918  Howe,  Chas.  D. 

1921  Howe,  Mary  Clinton 
1914  Howe,  Thomas  Francis 
1912  Hoyne,  Thomas  M. 

1922  Hughes,  John  E. 

1919  Hull,  Morton  Denison 
1906  Humburg,  Andrew  P. 
1912  Hummeland,  Andrew 
1914  Hummer,  John  S. 

1919  Humphrey.  Wirt  E. 
1906  Hm^,  Harry  B. 
1921  Huflsey,  Franklin  B. 
1921  Hutchinson,   Charles   O. 
1921  Huxley,  Henry  M. 

1908  Qyde,  James  W. 

1921  Icel^,  Albert  E. 

1918  Ickes,  Harold  L. 

1921  Igoe,  Michael  h. 
1918  Innes,  Alexander  J. 

1922  Irrmann,  John  A. 
1912  Irving,  Samuel  Crazier 
1921  Irwin,  Harry  D. 

1918  Irwin,  Boyal  W. 

1917  Isaacs,  Martin  J. 
1908  Ives,  Morse 
1912  Jackson,  John  L. 
1916  Jacobs,  Walter  H. 
1921  Jaoobaon,  Lewis  P. 
1921  Janisseski,  Frank  H. 

1920  Janncy,  Laurence  A. 

1921  Janowics,  Stephen 

1922  Jaquet,  Seymour,  Jr. 

1919  Jarecki,  Edmund  K. 
1914  Jarrett,  Delta  I. 

1918  JefFety,  James  Clarke 
1921  Jerka,  Daniel  S. 

1921  Jetzinger,  David 

1921  Johnson,  Elmer  A. 

1922  Johnson,  Rush  B. 
1921  Johnston,  Edward  R. 

1919  Johnston,  Frank,  Jr. 
1919  Johnston,  Morris  L. 
1918  Johnstone,  F.  B. 
1918  Jonas,  Edgar  A. 
1912  Jones,  W.  Clyde 
1921  Joseph,  Jesse  A. 
1914  Judah,  Noble  B.,  Jr. 
1899  Junkin,  Francis  T.   A. 

1921  Juron,  Bernard  J. 

1922  Kahn,  Harry  A. 


ILLIVOZB 
Chicftgo  (Cook)   Cont'd 

1921  Kahn,  Julius  M. 

1922  Kahn,  Nat.    M. 
1921  Kaminer,  Joseph 
1912  Kannally,  Michael  V. 

1918  Kaplan,  Jacob 
1912  Kaplan,  Nathan  D. 
1921  Kasper,  Frederick  J. 
1921  Kavanagh,   Marcus  A. 

1919  Keams,  Hugh  J. 
1912  Keehn,  Boy  D.     ' 
1912  Kehoe,  John  E. 
1918  Kelly,  Edmund  P. 

1920  Kelly,  Edward  J. 
1907  Kelly,  Hany  Eugene 
1912  Kelly,  James  J. 

1918  Kennedy,  Millard  B. 

1919  Kemer,  Otto 

1921  Kerr,   William   D. 
1912  Kersten,  George 
1912  KimbaU,  B.  F. 

1920  King,  Florence 
1912  King,  Samuel  B. 

1922  King,  Willard  L. 
1918  Kirkland,    Ira   Bird 

1917  Kirkland,  Weymouth 

1921  Kixmiller,  Wm. 

1912  Kline,  Julius  Reynolds 

1918  Knapp,  Kemper  K. 
1921  Knittel,  Oscar  A. 
1912  Kocoorek,  Albert 
1921  Koenig,  Harxy  D, 
1912  Koepke,  Chas.  A. 
1921  Kohlsaat,  Edward  O. 
1914  Kompel,  Morris 

1919  Kopf,  William  P. 
1921  Kordowski,  C.  H. 
1921  Korshak,  Max  M. 
1921  Kraft,  F.  William 
1921  KrausB,  Max 

1917  Kreamer,  Ernest  L. 

1921  Rretzinger,    George    W., 

Jr. 

1914  Kropf,  Oscar  A. 

1922  Kuflewaki,  Thaddeus  F. 
1921  Kunz,  Medard  A. 

1921  Kyfiakopulos,  O.  A. 

1914  Umb,  William  E. 

1919  L'Amoreaux,  Paul  0. 

1919  Lanaghen,   Gideon  F. 

1921  lAndon,  Benaon 

1906  Lane,  Wallace  R. 

1921  Langworthy,  Benjamin  F. 

1921  Lasecki,  Joseph  Andrew 

1912  Utham,  Carl  R. 

1863  Lathrop,   Gardiner 

1921  Lautmann,  Herbert  M. 

1918  Laveiy,   Urban  A. 


OMoago  (Oook)  Cont'd 

1920  Uwler,  Joseph  B. 

1921  Lawless,  Thos.  J. 
1919  Leach,  C.  Nelson 
1921  Le  Bosky,  Leo  8. 
1921  Lederer,  Charles 
1910  Lee,  Edward  T. 

1918  Lee,  John  H.  S. 
1921  Lee,  John  M. 
1921  Lee,  Orville  W. 

1921  Lefllngwell,   Frank   P. 

1919  Legg,  Chester  Arthur 
1921  Lehrer,  S.  J. 

1921  Lehtman,   Benjamin 

1922  Leman,  Henry  W. 
1922  Leonard,  Frank  R. 
1921  Levinson,  David 
1919  Levinson,  Harry  C. 
1921  Levinson,  Morris  G. 
1808  Levinson,  Salmon  O. 
1921  Levisohn,  Arthur  A. 

1921  Uvit,  LewM  D. 

1922  Leviton,  Charles 
1919  Levy,  David  R. 
1921  Levy,  Hany  H. 
1908  Lewis,  J.  Hamilton 
1921  Lewis,  Leon  L. 

1921  Lewis,  Seymour  M. 

1922  Lindsay,  WUliam  J. 
1919  Lipson,  Isaac  B. 
1922  Liv,  Max  C. 

1922  Lisa,  Bebeccca  Willner 

1918  Litsinger,  Edward  R. 

1921  Loehwing,   Marx 

1808  Loeach,  Frank  J. 

1921  Loftus,  Clarence  J. 

1918  Long,  JesM  R. 

1921  Long,  William  H. 

1918  Looby,  M.  F. 
1006  Lord,  Frank  E. 
1912  Lord,  John  S. 

1919  Loucks^  CTharles  O. 
1921  Louer,  Albert  & 

1921  Love,   Stephen 

1919  Lowenthal,   Frederick 

1922  Loweiy,  John  M. 
1921  Lowes,  Francis  M. 
1921  Lowes,  (George  M.  BL 

1921  Luby,  Oswald  D. 

1922  Lucaa,  Ralph  D. 
1914  Lucey,  Patrick  J. 
1921  Lunsford.  Todd 

1921  Lurie,  Hany  J. 

1922  Lust,   H.   C. 
1921  Luster  Max 

1918  Lutkin,  Harris  Oai 

1907  Lytord,  Will  H. 

IflfiO  I^le,  John  H. 


STATE   LIST  OF  KEHBHBS  BY   CITIES  AND  TOWNS. 


918 


Ohioaro  (Cook)  Cont'd 

1912  Lynde,  CornclHit 

1922  HcCaflrey,  Eugene 

1918  McObII,  Thomas 
1921  McCilly,  Jftj  Clifford 
1921  McCftndleet,  Lewfa  W. 
1890  MoOordic,  Alfred  B. 
1921  McOomick,  Howard  H. 
1908  McOormick,  Robert  H. 
1921  McCormick,  Robert  R. 
1921  McOuIloch,  Catharine 

Waugh 

1921  McDermott,  C.  H. 

1921  McDemott,  Frank  T. 

1919  McDonald,  Charles  A. 
1921  McDonnell,  Frank  A. 
1921  McElroy,  Charles  F. 
1S06  MeBwen,  WillArd  M. 
1921  McGarry,  Eiifl;ene  L. 
1921  McGinn.  Frank  P. 
1906  HcOoorty,  John  P. 
1897  McHuffh,  Wflliam  D. 
1921  Mclnemey,  John  L. 
1919  Mdnemey,  Joseph  A. 
1921  llcKee,  John  A. 
1919  McKeerer,  Bnell 
1916  McKenaie.  William  D. 
1912  McKeown,  John  A. 
1921  McKibbin,   George  B. 
1921  McKinlay,   Donald  S. 
1916  McKinley,  Archibald  A. 
1914  HcKinney,  Hayes 

1901  MeKnight,    Richard 

1921  McMath,  James  C. 

1912  McMurdy,  Robert 

1916  McNabb,  Duane  T. 
1921  McNamara,  William  flL 
1919  McBhane,  James  C. 
1921  Mcfihane,  Jamea  E. 
1908  McSurely,  William  H. 
1900  MacChesney,  Nathan  Wil- 
liam 

1917  MacCracken,  WiUiam  P., 

Jr. 

1921  Mack,  Louis  W. 

1912  MacLeiah.   John   E. 

1921  Madden,  Daniel  U 

1921  Maddock,  Thomas  H. 

1912  Magee,  Henry  W. 

1921  Maguir«,    Philip  J. 

1921  Maher,  Edward 

1919  Mahoney,  Joseph  P. 

1911  Mahony,  Charlea  L. 

1919  Malato,  Stephen  A. 

1921  Manheimer,  Arthur  E. 

1922  Mankle,  George 
1921  Markheim,    Harry 
1921  Maiahall,  Alennder  EL. 


njuHou 

Ohioago  (Cook>  Cont'd 

1922    Maxshall,  Edward 
Marahall,  John  W. 
Marshall,  llMmaB 
Matahall,  Tbomas  L. 
Matso,  Michael 
Maxston,  Thomaa  B. 
Martin,  Amos  W. 
Martin,  Charles 
Martin,  H.  H. 
Martin,  Mellen  C. 
Marx,  Frederick  Z. 
Mason,  George  A. 
Mason,  Lowell  B. 
Mason,  Roswell  B. 
Massena,  Roy 
Matohett,  Darid  F. 
Mathiesen,   WillUm 
Matthews,  Francis  E. 
Marwell,  WiUiam  W. 
May,  John  V. 
Mayer,  Edwin  B. 
Mayer,  Elias 
Mayer,  Isaac  H. 
Mayer,  Leiry 
Mayo,  Arthur  E. 
McCartney,    Harry   S. 
Mechem,  Floyd  R. 
Megan,  Charles  P. 
Mehlhope,  Clarence  E. 
Meliehar,  James  J. 
Meneley,  Harry  W. 
Mergentheim,'  Morton  A. 
Merrick,  George  Peck 
Merrick,  Roy  C. 
Mesirow,  Benjamin  S. 
Meyer,   Abraham 
Meyer,  Carl 
Meyer,  George  H. 
Michal,  Charlea  J. 
Michelet,  Charles  Jules 
Mlcon,  Samuel 
Midowics,    Casimir   Eu- 
gene 
Millar,  ttobert  Wyneas 
Miller,  Amos  C. 
Miller,  Cbaries  H. 
Miller,  George  J. 
Miller,  George  W. 
Miller,  Harry  B. 
Miller,  Henry  G. 
Miller,  J.  Arthur 
Miller,  John  Stocker,  Jr. 
MUler,  Luther  L. 
Miller,  Oscar  C. 
Miller.  William  & 
Millner,  LeRoy 
Mills,  Allen  O. 


921 
921 
921 
912 
908 
912 
921 
806 
921 
907 
918 
922 
913 
921 
919 
921 
919 
921 
921 
921 
921 
919 
906 
921 
906 
896 
921 
912 
921 
921 
912 
897 
921 
922 
912 
912 
915 
922 
921 
921 
922 


921 
916 
922 
921 
916 
921 
918 
922 
919 
917 
921 
919 
919 
1912 


OUoago  (Cook)  Cont'd 

1921  Milmine,  John 

1921  Misfakia,  Charies 

1922  Mitdiell,  Geoige  B. 
1921  Moloney,  George  H. 
1916  Molthrop,  Charles  P. 
1908  Montgomery,  John  R. 
1912  Moore,  Frederick  W. 
1912  Moore,  Langdon 

1921  Moore,  Nathan  O. 

1922  Moran,  Samuel  J. 
1900  More,  Clair  E. 
1908  MoiTill,  DonMd  L. 
1921  Morrill,   Nahnm 
1912  Morria,  Henry  C. 
1916  Morrison,  Charles  B. 
1912  Morse,  Chas.  F. 
1921  Morse,  Edward  P. 
1921  Morton,  Meyer 

1921  Moss,  Walter  E. 

1918  Moas,  William  R. 
1912  Mosaer,  Edwin  J. 
1916  Monlton,  Frank  L 

1922  Mesart,  Justus  F. 
1921  Mulcahy,  Edmond  L. 
1921  Mullen,  Timothy  F. 
1921  Mulligan,   George   F. 

1919  Munger,  Edwin  A. 

1921  Munfaall,   WUUam  D. 

1919  Munns,  Harry  P. 

1922  Munsell,   Robert  F. 

1920  Murphy,  John  K. 

1922  Murray,   Charles  Freder- 
ick 

1921  Murhiy,  Frank  B. 
1912  Murray,  Patrick  F. 

1919  Muiray,  Sidney  C. 
1921  Nahin,  Robert  8. 
1921  Napier,  Charlea  R. 
1921  Nelson,  Arthur  William 
1921  Nergard,   Edwin  J. 
1921  Netherton,  Ross  DeWitt 
1921  Neuffer,  Paul  A. 

1920  Newby,  Harry  A. 

1912  Newcomb,  Geo.  Eddy 

1921  Newey,  Frederick  J. 
1906  Newman,  Jacob 

1913  Nichols,  Warren 
1921  Nidiolson,  John  R. 

1921  Niemeyer,  Grover  C. 
1916  NorcrosB,  Frederic  F. 
ion  Norden,  Gabriel  J. 

1922  'Northrup,  John  E. 
1908  Norton,  T.  J. 
1922  Nyka,  Leon  C. 

1900  O'Connor,  Charies  J. 

1912  O'Connor,  John 

1919  O'Connor,  John  M. 


914 


AMEBICAN    BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


Ohioago  (Cook)  Oont'd 

1914  Octigan,  Thomu  P. 

1907  O'DonneU,  Joseph  A. 
1921  O'Donnell.  Paul  M. 

1913  Ogren,  John  W. 
1912  O'Keeffe,  P.  J. 
1918  01(to,  Walter  F. 

1918  Obon,  Harry 
1921  Olaon,  O.  D. 

1919  O'Neill,  Hugh 
1921  Oppenheim,  Sidnej 
1912  Orr,  Louis  T. 

1921  OBgood,  Roy  O. 

1919  Ott,  John  Nash 

1908  Packard,  George 

1905  Paden,  Joseph  E. 
1900  Page,  George  T. 
1921  Palmer,  Ernest 
1921  Paltzer,  Charles  W. 

1921  Pam,  Hugo 
1912  Pam,  Max 

1922  Pantelis,   Athanasius  A. 

1909  Parker,  Francis  W. 

1920  Parker,  Francis  W.,  Jr. 

1920  Parker,  Leslie  M. 
1908  Parker,   Lewis  W. 
1912  Parker,   Woodruff  J. 
1916  Parkin,   Harry   A. 
1896  Parkinson,  Robert  H. 
1916  Passmore,  John  H. 
1919  Patterson,  Perry  S. 
1908  Peaks,  George  H. 

1921  Pearce,  John  Inring 
1919  Pease,  Warren 
1886  Peck,  George  R. 
1912  Peck,  Ralph  L. 

1912  Peden,  Thos.   J. 

1922  Peebles,  Henry  R. 

1914  Pendarvis,   Robert  E. 
1921  Pennington,  George  W. 

'     1916  Penwell,   LeRoy  V. 

1921  Perel,  Harry  Z. 

•    1921  Peter,  William  F. 

1916  Peters,  Guy  M. 

1921  Petersen,  Samuel 

1922  Peterson,   Albert 
1921  Peterson,   William  A. 

1913  Petit,  Adelor  J. 
1912  Pflaum,  Abraham  J. 
1921  Phillips,  Edgar  John 
1921  Phillips,    Harry   H. 

1921  Plamondon,  Charles  Am- 
brose, Jr. 

1916  Piatt,  Henry  R. 

1911  Pollack,  Sidney  a 

1919  Pope,  Herbert 

1906  Poppenhusen,   0.   H. 
18^9  Porter,  Gilbert  B. 


ZLUUOZB 

Ohioago  (Cook)  Cont'd 

1916  Potter,  Ralph  F. 

1921  Potts,  RufuB  M. 

1921  Powell,  Albert  N. 

1921  Pratt,  Thornton  M. 

1921  Prendergast,   John 

1921  Preschem,  George  T. 

1921  Price,  Enoch  J. 

1916  Price,  Henry  W. 

1921  Priest,  Ehroy  U. 

1921  Priestley,  John  J. 

1912  Prindeville,  Thomas  W. 

1912  PrindiTille,  John  K. 
1921  Pringle,  Frederick  W. 
1921  Priore,  Jerry  O. 

1916  Pritchard,  Norman  H. 

1919  Pritzker,  Nicholas  J. 

1919  Proudfoot,  Frederick  W. 

1921  Purcell,  WillUm  A. 

1919  Quasser,  Julius  H. 

1914  Raftree,  Matthias  L. 

1919  Ramsay,  Gordon  A. 

1921  Ramsey,  William  R. 

1921  Ranstead,  Arthur  D. 

1913  Rathbone,  Henry  R. 
1919  Rawlins,  Edward  W. 

1921  Read,  Frederick  P. 
1902  Rector,  Edward 
1897  Reed,  Frank  F. 
1912  Reed,  John  P. 

1922  Reeve,  J.  Fred 

1912  Reichmann,  Alex.  P. 

1921  Reiher,  Harry  W. 

1922  Rentner,  Otto  0. 
1921  Repetto,  Frank  H. 
1919  Rhodes,  Carey  W. 
1921  Rice,  Corrinne  L. 
1906  Richards,  John  T. 
1916  Richardson,    John 
1909  Richberg,   E>onald  R. 
1921  Richolson,   Bei^.   P. 

1921  Rieger,  Louis 
1916  Rigfoy,   W.  C. 
1916  Riley,  Harrison  B. 
1919  Rinaker,  SItmuel  M. 
1912  Ritchie,   William 
1896  Robbins,  Henry  S. 

1922  Robbins,  Jerome  W. 
1919  Boberston,  Egbert 
1921  Roberts,  Jesse  Elmer 
1919  Robinson,  Max 

1912  Rockhold,  Frank  A. 

1921  Roderick,  Solomon  P. 

1921  Roe,  Clifford  G. 

1906  Rogers,  Edward  S. 

1921  Rogers,  Frank  0. 

1921  Rogers,  Hopewell  L. 

1921  Rommel,  Jasper  F. 


Ohioago  (Cook)  Oont*d 

1912  Rooney,  Thos^  Bdw. 

1914  Rose,  John  A. 

1921  Roaen,  John  F. 

1921  Rosen.  Ralph 

1912  Rosenbamn,    Mens  I. 

1921  Rosenberg,  Harry  O. 

1921  Rosenberg,  Hyman  J. 

1921  Roeenstone,   Bertram  W. 

1912  Rosenthal,   James 

1905  Rosenthal,  Leasing 
1912  Ross,  Walter  W. 
1907  Rothmann,  William 
1919  Rothschild,  Issac  S. 
1916  Rowe,  Frederick  A. 
1921  Rubenstein,  Julias  B. 

1921  Rubinkam,  Nathaniel 

1922  Ruellerg,  Benjamin  P. 
1909  Rummler,  William  R. 
1919  Rundall,  Charles  O. 
1886  Runnells,  John  S. 

1921  RiMh,  G.  Fred 
1912  Rush,  Sylvester  R. 
1912  Ryan,  Andrew  J. 

1922  Ryan,  Michael  F. 
1912  Ryden,  Otto  O. 
1921  Sabath,  A.  J. 
1919  Sabath,  Albert 
1912  Sabath,  Joseph 

1921  Sadler,  Monte  H. 

1922  St.  OUir,  Edward 
1916  Salisbury,  Frank  L. 
1919  Samuels,  Benjamin  John 
1914  Sargent,  F.  W. 

1906  Sautcr,  U  E. 
1914  Sawyer,  Carlos  P. 
1919  Seanlan,  Kickham 
1912  Schaiber,  Arthur  R 
1921  Scbaifner,  Margaret  Auw 
1921  Sdiiepsn,  William 

1912  Schleainger,    Elmer 
1921  SchmutB,    EmU   Wm. 
1921  Schoenfeld,    Frank 

1916  Schoonover,  Frank  S. 
1921  Sdiram,  Otto  B. 

1921  Schreiber,  R.  S. 

1919  Schupp,  Robert  W. 

1917  Schnyler,  Daniel  J.,  Jr. 

1922  Schwarer,  Frank  B. 

1920  Schwarts,  A.  L. 

1921  Schwarts,  Charles  P. 
1921  Sdiwarts,  Jacob  J. 
1921  Schwarts,  Ulyases  8. 

1919  Scofleld,  Timothy  J, 
1896  Soott,  Frsnk  H. 

1913  Scott,  R.  B. 
1921  Soott,  Walter  A. 

1920  Smo,  Burton  P. 


915 


ook)  Oont'd 

Geoife  B. 
iimot  A. 
mad 

B  Otrl 
7  S. 
[arold  O. 
rlet  J. 
H  Jcwme 

I   LllM 

r. 

K 
H. 
Id  8c 
ran 

4 


Bdwtrd 


V. 


z. 


916 


AHBRICAK   BAB  A880GIATI0K. 


Ohiearo  (Gook)  Oont'd 

1912  Wentworth,  Daniel  S. 

U17  Wermuth,    William 

Gharlea 

1921  Wemo,  Obarles 

ld97  Wert,  Boy  O. 

19S1  Weatbrook,  W.  H. 

1912  Wetteoi  Emil  O. 

1919  Wexler,  Harrj  O. 

1921  Wham,  Benjamin 

1921  Wharton,   Charles  8. 

1906  WheelodE  W.  W. 
1921  White,  Edward  H. 
1919  White,  Harold  F. 
1921  White,  Harry  L. 

1907  Whitman,  RuaBell 
1921  Wick,  Paul  R.        , 
1921  Widdicombe,  Robert  H. 
1921  Wight,  James  S. 

1803  Wigmore,  John  H. 

1921  Wilbur,  George  W. 

1918  Wilcox,  Nelson  J. 

1921  Wild,  A.  Clement 
1906  Wilkeraon,  James  H. 

1922  Wilkinson,  George  L. 
1916  Williams,  ArisU  B. 
1921  Williama,  G.  Arch 
1921  Williams,  Charles  A. 
1921  Wiiiiams,    Bdnyfed   H. 
1916  Williams,  Harris  F. 
1921  Williams    J.  Lester 
1921  Wilson,  Leon  T. 

1921  Wilson,  Warren  B. 

1908  Windes,  Thomas  O. 
1912  Winston,   Garrard  B. 
1915  Winston,  James  H. 

1918  Wisner,  O.  V. 
1021  Wiseman,  Leonard 

1921  Wittmeyer,  GusUve,  Jr. 

1919  Woley,  James  D. 

1920  Wolf,   Alexander 
1912  Wolf,  Henry  Milton 

1921  Wolf,  Walter  B. 

1921  Wolfe,  Arthur  R. 
1912  Wolir,  Oscar  M. 

1922  Wollesen,  W.  D. 
1919  Wood,  Franklin  N. 
1921  Wood,  William  G. 
1918  Woods,  Charles  H. 

1921  Woods,  Edward  G. 

1922  Woods,   Wetgbstill 
1902  Woodward,  Frederic  O. 
1914  Wormser,  Leo  F. 

1921  Wray,  Don  C. 

1921  Wureter,  Henry  L. 

1922  Wurtele,   Edward  O. 
1921  Wyman,  Vincent  D. 
1921  Wynne,  Heloise 


nxzvozs 

Ohloaro  (Cook)  Conf  4 

1921  Toung,  Charles  R. 

1919  Toung,  Hobart  P. 

1921  Young,  Lawrence  A. 

1921  Young,  Thomas  J. 

1908  Zane,  John  M. 

1896  Zeisler,  Sigmund 

1919  Zeman,  Anton  T. 

1912  Zillman,  Christian  C.  H. 

1921  Zimmerman,  E.  A. 

OUntOB   (DewiU) 
1921    Lemon,  Frank  K. 

1919  Mitchell.  E.  B. 

Conlter^iUe  (Randolph) 
1921    Adami,  Victor  J. 

Danville   (Vermilion) 

1921  Hall,  Arthur  R. 

1912  Lindley,  Walter  C. 

1921  Mann,  Oliver  D. 

1921  Martin,  Colfax  T. 

1917  Meeks,  James  A. 

1912  Penwell,  Fred  B. 
1914  Rearick,  George  F. 
1921  Swallow,  Howard  A. 

1900  Troup,  Charles 

Decatnr  (Macon) 
1921    Bivans,  Fknnie  A. 

1921  Latham,  Jacob  H. 

1922  McMillen,  Clark  A. 

1913  Mills,  Walter  H. 
1921    Wiley,  Francis  R. 

Dixon  (Lee) 
1921    Dixon,  George  C. 
1916    Dixon,  Henry  S. 
1921    Erwin,  John  E. 
1921    Wingert,  Edward  £. 

Dwlght   (Livingrton) 
1912    Ahem,  Clinton  J. 

• 

East  St.  Loaii  (St.  Clair) 

1921  Campbell,  Brace  A. 

1912  Crow,  George  A. 

1921  Flannigen,   Alexander 
1906  Kramer,  Edward  C. 

1922  Whitnel,   Josiah 
1916  Whitnel,  L.  O. 

EdwardsTlUe  (Madison) 
1921    Buckley,  Leland  H. 

1901  Burroughs,  Benj.  R. 

1920  Burroughs,   George  Dent 
1916    Terry,  C.  W. 

1921  WUlUmson.   Tt^QOiM 


BflaghAni  (Bflbighui) 

1921    Parker,  Harry  S. 
1921    Rickdman,  Hany  J. 
1912    Wright,  WiUiam  B. 

Slmhiirtt  (Dupage) 
vm   Kvoaa,  Michael 

EvanatoB  (Cook) 

1911  Kriete,  Frank  L. 

1912  Newton,  Charles  E.  M. 
1921    Sawyer,  Ward  B. 

1912    Torriaon,  Oscar  M. 
1897    Washburn,  WiUlam  D. 

Fairbuxy   (LiTingaton) 
1014    Hemiing.  Robert 

nreeport  (Stepheasoo) 

1921    Clarity,  A.  J. 
1908    MuuB,  George  Ladd 
1921    Tiffany,  Reuben  R. 

Galena  (Jo  Daviess) 

1914    Ken,  Paul  * 

1914    Sheean,  Frank  T. 

Oalasborg  (Knox) 

1916  Craig,  Charles  C. 

1906  Lawrenoe,  George  A. 

1921  Marsh,  Roy  M. 

1919  Rioe,  Robert  Glllford 

1921  Robinson,  R.  D. 

1921  Stickney,    Edward    8. 

1896  Williams,  E.  P. 

1921  Zetterholm,  Maurice   E. 

Oalva  (Hemy) 
1918    Johnson,  Lawrence  G. 

Oeneva  (Kane) 
1921    Barl^,  Robert  O. 


Graaita  Olty  (Madiaon) 
1921    Baxter,  William  J. 

BamiltoB  (Hancock) 
1921    McCirtney,  Owen  O. 

KardlB  (Calhoun) 

1921    DuHadway,  F.  A. 
1921    Worthy,  C.  C. 

KaiTlabiirg  (Salincl 
1921    Stillwell.  Charles  D. 

Xaanr   (Mamhall) 
1921    Pott«,  Wni  W. 


isrs.  917 


"Peoria)  Cont'd 

,  John 
John  M. 
in,  E.  Bentlcy 
Ro0coe 
larence  W. 
J»y  T. 
belt  P. 
mard 
Iter  H. 
I,  W.  O. 
Henry 
•le«  V. 
nk  T. 
d  H. 
k  J. 
le  U. 
E. 

tries  S. 
E. 

Mke) 
i 

n 
Eka 

lion) 
rry  Q. 


u) 


918 


AMBRIGAN  BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


teybrook  (McLean) 

1921  Dyer,  E.  B. 

Blwwneetown  (Oallatiii) 

1921  Lambert,  Marshall  E. 

1921  Boedel,  Carl 

BhelbyvUU  (Shelby) 

1921  Dove,  F.  R. 

1921  Bhoada,  (3eorge  B. 

Sprinrfleld  (Sangamon) 

1921  Barber,  John  A. 
19Z1  Bone,  Eugene  E. 
19Z1  Bojmton,  Ben  B. 

1915  Brown,  Stuart 

1909  Brundage,  Edward  J. 

1922  Carroll,    William  J. 
1021  Cbapin,  E.  L. 

1921  ChUd,   Henry  Lyman 

1921  Doyle,  Oomeliua  J. 

1921  Fitcgerald,  A.  M. 

1921  Priedmeyer,  John  O. 

1921  Oiffln,  D.  Logan 

1921  QiUespie,  Qeorce  M. 

1916  Graham,  James  M. 
1921  Qullett,  Noah 
1921  Hatch,  Frank  L. 
1913  Hay,  Logan 

1921  Henry,  Ed.  D. 

1921  Herndon,  Gray 

1921  Hoff,  Alonzo 

1921  Jenkins,  C.  H. 

1918  Mansfield,  CSurlea  F. 
1921  Margrave,  Alvin  C. 
1921  Nicolai,  Joseph  H. 
1921  Beilly,  James 

1921  Searcy,  James  B.         r 

1919  Shamel,  Charles  H. 
1912  Stephens,    R.    Allan 
1921  Weaver,  John  B. 
1921  Wineteer,  Charles  Q. 

Bterling   (Whiteside) 

1921  Ward,  Philip  H. 

0trefttor  (La  Si.lle) 

1919  Belford,   (}eorge  F. 

1905  Boys,  Wm.  H. 
1919  Griggs,  Edward  M. 
1921  Heflin,  Paul  B. 
1921  Jones.  Wm.  C. 
1915  Larkin,  Robert  E. 
1921  Murdock,  Max 
1921  Painter,  Lloyd 

1906  RyoD,  Oscar  B. 
1921  Shay,  Arthur  H. 


ILLnrOIS— IVBIAHA 

Bycamoro    (Randolph) 

1921    Cniir^,   Adaih  C. 
1912    Falasler,  John 

Taylorvill*  (Christian) 

1914  Hogan,  John  E. 

1914  King,  John  H. 

1917  Provine,  Walter  M. 

1912  Taylor,  Leslie  J. 

VrbanA  (Champaign) 

1907  Green,   Frederick 

1914  Green,  Henry  I. 

1919  Philbrick;   Francis   S. 

1921  Spurgin,  W.  G. 

▼Irgtnia  (Cass) 
1912    Neiger,  J.  J. 

Waterloo  (Monroe) 
1921    Rickert,  Joaeph  W. 

Wataeka  (Iroquois) 

1912    Goodyear,  A.  F. 
1921    Raymond,  C.  W. 

Waokogan   (Lake) 

1921    Block,  Sidney  H. 
1921    Clarke,  Elam  L. 
1921    Miller,  J.  A. 

West    Frankfort    (Franklin) 

1919  (}arr,   John   E. 
1921    Trobaugh,  Frank  E. 

Wheaton  (Dupaze) 
1921    Sluiser,  Mazdnl 

Wlnnetka  (Cook) 

1916    Kennedy,  Henry  H. 
1921    Levy,  Sylvanua  (3eorge 

IHDIAHA 

Anderton    (Madison) 

1916    Beckman,  Arthur  A. 
1809    Brady,  Arthur  W. 

Bloomington  (Monroe) 

1921  Britton,   William  E. 

1897  Hepburn,   (Charles  M. 

1916  La  Follette,  J.  J.  M. 

1920  McNutt,  Paul  V. 

Blnirton  (Wells) 

1916   Simmons,   Abram 

1921  Sturgis,  Chflrlca  E. 


Broekrine   (Franklfn) 

1921    Hubbard,  M.  P. 
1921    O'Byme,  Roacoe  O. 

OoluxnbiM  (Bartholomew) 

1906    Baker,  Charles  S. 

1920  Richman,  Frank  N. 

Covington  (Fountain) 

1921  Jones,  Oliver  & 
1921    Livengood,  V.  E. 
1921    RatcUte,  O.  B. 

Crawfordaville  (Montgomery) 

1020  Davidson,  Franklin  O. 

1921  Fine,  Hany  N. 

1920  McCabe,  (Tharlea  M. 

1921  WfllianBs,  Robert  H. 

Grown  Feint  (Lake) 

1921  Norton,  E.   Miles 

Eaat  Okioace   (Lake) 

1922  Cohen,  Hyman  M. 
1921    McOloaky,  Pavl 
1921   ^Roe,  Willia  B. 

Elkhart   (BUdiart) 
1921    Oawley,  Verne  O. 

BTansrtne  (VanderlMirg) 
1920    Craig,  Edmund  L. 

1920  Parby,  Phelpa  P. 

1921  Iglehart,  Joaeph  H. 
1921    Kahn,  Isidor 

1917    Ortm^er,  Daniel  H. 

1917  Schmidt,  Paul  H. 

1921  Veneman,  Albert  J. 

1918  Walker,  Henry  B. 

1919  Welbom,   William  0. 

I 

Fort  Wayne  (allien) 

1906  Barrett,  James  M. 
1897  Breen,  WilUam  P. 
1901  Olapham,  W.  E. 
1897  Morris,  John 

1918  Morris,  Samuel  L.,  Jr. 

1907  Nieaer,  CSiarles  M. 

1922  Thomas,  Albert  £. 

1920  Vesey,  David  Studabaker 

1921  Warrington,  Carina  O. 
1904  Wood,  Sol.  A. 

Fowler  (Benton) 

1920    Barce,  Elmore 
1900   Fraaer,  Donald 


MKMBKRa  BY   CITI 

ZMDIAVA 

anapolit  (Marioo)  Ooni 

Oox,  Earl  R. 
Daily,  Thomas  A. 
Davldaon,  Robert  F.* 
Oavia,  Lawrence  B. 
laTl8»  Paul  Q. 
k>wdeii,  Samuel 
lliott,  William  F. 
igliah,  William  B. 
au,  William  P. 
bank,  Louis  B. 
belman,  Isadure 
ler,  J.  W. 
Patrick,  E.  V. 
a,  Edward  E. 
1,  Frank  E. 
%  James  L. 
Oren  Stephen 
,  Charles  T. 
>s,  William  R. 
}eorg:e  O. 
Arthur  M. 
H)k,  Henry  H. 
lUrtin  M. 
Edward 
Charles   W. 
:iuilla  Q. 
,  Leo 
,  John  H. 
lowe  S. 
Frank   L. 
Virgil  H. 
)bt.  W. 
■Jlair 
rt  L 
!/harles 
•w  W. 
H. 
I  D. 
lus  J. 

8   W. 

ce  W. 

O. 
I  A. 
s  D.  R. 

rta) 


V. 
t 
tpeau 


1 


920 


AMBRIGAN  BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


XarloB  (Grand) 

1014  Oondo,  Gus.  8. 

1021  HeaTilin,  Roscoe  A. 

1021  MesBick,  Allen  O. 

1021  Roberts,  Harry  E. 

XartlBiTille  (Morgan) 
1014    Sedwick,  John  E. 

Xlohlfan  Olty  (Uporte) 

1012    Collins,  Cornelius  B. 
1008    Tuthjll,   Harry  B. 

KontloeUo  (White) 
18B6    Sellers,  Emory  B. 

Kt.  Yernon  (Poeey) 
1021    Blackburn,  James  H. 

Kiinoit  (Delaware) 

1000    Raymond,  William  T. 
1021    Hensel,  Donald  D. 

1021  Orr,  Harry  H. 

X«w  Albftoy  (Floyd) 
1010    Jewett,   Charles  L. 

V«w  Castlo  (Heniy) 

1014    Forkner,  George  D. 

1022  Gause,  Fred  0. 

F«ni  (Miand) 

1016    Brewer,  Samuel  8. 
1014    Kraus,  Milton 

FortUad  (Jay) 
1021    Moran,  James  J. 

Friaoeton  (Gibson) 
1021    Robinson,  Jstrnes  J. 

Blohmond  (Wayne) 

1014    Gardner,  Alonto  M. 
1002    Kelley,  WlllUm  H. 
1008    Bnpe,  John  L. 

Boohetter  (Fulton) 
1007    Bblman,  Qeorg«  W. 

Buihvlll*  (Bush) 

1021    Morris,  Douglss 
1021    Smith,  Donald  L. 
1021    Titsworth,  John  A. 

■cymoiir  (Jackson) 
1flS6   Montgomery.  Oscar  H. 


nrDZAVAp-IOWA 

8h«IbrTlll«  (Shelby) 
1021    Baasett,  Elmer 

Sontli  Bend  (St.  Joseph) 

1021  Gilmer,  Frank 

1021  Montgomery,  Chester  R. 

1021  Omacht,  George  W. 

1012  Parker,  Samuel 

1010  Shiyeley,  Dudley  Morton 

1020  Taloott,  Thaddeus  M. 

SvniVM  (Sullivan) 
1016    Ohaney,  John  C. 

Terro  Hauto  (Vigo) 

1010  Adamson,  Henry 

1012  Beal.  Fred.  W. 

1020  Beasley,  Bert 

1021  Beasley,  John  H. 
1021  Beasley,  John  T. 
1021  Blankenbaker,  Felix 
1021  Blumberg,  Benjamin 
1021  Bogart,  Paul  N.        * 
1021  OoUiver,  Presley  O. 
1021  Cook,  Otis 

1012  Cooper,  James  A.,  Jr. 

1021  Davis,  Miller 

1806  Davis,  Sydney  B. 

1016  Diz,  (3eorge  O. 

1021  Duffy,  Joseph  P. 

1021  Fitzgerald,  John  M. 

1010  Gallagher,  Thomss  P. 

1021  Hilleary,  Louis  R. 

1021  Honley.  William  B. 

1020  Leveque,  Louis  D. 

1021  Marshall,  B.  V. 
1021  Miller,  Abraham  L. 
1020  O'Brien,   John   F. 
1020  O'Mara,  Thomss  F. 

1020  Boyse,  Samtiel  D. 

1021  Wemeke,  Richard  A. 

Tipton  (Tipton) 
1014    Gifford,   George  H. 

Valparaiio  (Porter) 
1020    Kelly,  Daniel  E. 

▼•rnoB  (Jennings) 

1020  Oam«y,  John  Ralph 

VfnaUlw  (Ripley) 

1021  Thompson  Francis  M. 

Wanaw  (Kosciusko) 
1021    Bowser,  Fnnds  E. 


•  Washington  (Davien) 
1021    HasUngs,  Milton  S. 

•     WHltlag  (Lake) 

1021    Ahlgren,  Oscar  A. 
ion    Fetterhoff,  John  H. 

WlUiamaport  (Warren) 
1021    Ringer,  Victor  H. 

IOWA 

Adair  (Adair) 
1021    Lynch,  George  B. 

Adol  (Dallas) 
1021    White,  John  B. 

Albla  (Monroe) 

1016    darkson,  John  T. 

1021  Mabry,  J.  C. 

1022  Miller,  CJharles  E. 

Algona  (Kossuth) 

1021    Qusrton,  S.  D. 
1800    Swetting,  Ernest  V. 

Allison  (Butler) 
1021    Shepard,  Winfred  C 

Amoi  (Story) 
1009    Lee,  CAiaucer  G. 

Anamosa  (Jones) 

1021    Ellison,  F.  O. 

1021  Remley,  H.  M. 

Anita  (Oaas) 

1022  Holton.  Earl  S. 

Apllagton  (Butler) 
1028    Voogd,  Dick 

Ailaatle  (Cass) 

1028  Bnztoo,  Alfred  O.  A. 

1022  Clovis,  O.  B. 

1007  Bo^kafellow,  J.  B 

1022  Swann,  Harry  B. 

1022  Whltmore,  Tom  GL 

Anda^oB  (Audubon) 

1022    Keitcrg,  Sidney  C. 
1021    Byan,  Leonard  L. 
1021    White,  Ohaa.  8. 

Avnoa  (Pottawattamie) 

1028    Dilliager,  John  L. 
1014    Preeton,  A.  U 


921 


(PotUwat- 

nt*d 

Iter  S. 

!t 

rtrd) 


on) 
leth  H. 

)tt) 
M. 
Wills 


M. 

0 


922 


AliERiCAN  fiAS  ASSOCIATION. 


Dei  Xoinei   (Polk)   Cont'd 

1921  Gibson,  Ben  J. 

1022  Gillespie,  John  L. 

1920  Goodwin,  James  K. 

1921  Griffiths,  Henry  H. 

1921  Guthrie,  Thomas  J. 

1914  Harding,  W.  L. 

1922  Hamagel,  George 
1922  Hartley,  Oscar  B. 
1906  Harvison,  Wm.  G. 
1918  Havner,  Horace  M.   , 

1921  Hazard.  8.   Robert 

1918  Henderson,  J<dm  H. 
.1909  Henry,  George  F. 

1919  Heztell.  Carl  Bert 

1915  Hume,  James  0. 

1916  Hunn,  Charles  E. 

1916  Kelly,  E.  J. 

1920  Kendall,  N.  E. 

1912  Kirk,  Clyde 

1917  Lehmann,   Frederick  W., 

Jr. 

1922  Lynch,  Vernon  W. 
1922  McConlogue,  R.  B. 

1920  McHenry,  W.  H. 

1921  McLaughlin,  W.  M. 

1922  McMahon,  E.  F. 
1921  Mason,  Edward  R. 
1921  Maxwell,  Charles  F. 
1921  Merntt,  James  A. 
1916  Miller,  Jesse  A. 
1921  Miller,  Oliw  H. 

1913  Miller,  W.  E. 
1921  Mills,  Earl  C. 
1912  Nourse,  Clinton  L. 
1921  O'Brien,  James  B. 
1921  Orwig,  Ralph 

1914  Parker,  Addison  M. 
1914  Parrish,  James  L. 
1920  Perry,  Eugene  D. 

1918  Read,  Ralph  L. 

1920  Riley,   William  F. 
1914  Sampson,  Henry  E. 

1921  Samson,  Edwin  D. 
1921  Schenk,  Casper 

1920  Starzinger,    Vincent 
1918  Stevens,  Truman  S. 
1912  Stewart,  A.  K. 
1900  Strauss,  Oscar 
1918  SulHvan,  John  B. 

1921  Wade,  Clem  F. 

1922  Weaver,  Cbauncey  A. 
1900  Weaver,  James  B.,  Jr. 

Dewltt  (Clinton) 

1922  Bloom,  J.  A. 

1922  Pascal,  Aylett  L.,  8r. 


XOVA 

Dubuque  (Dubuque) 

1921  Hurd,  Louis  G. 

1904  Lenehan,  Daniel  J. 

1918  O'Connor,  Frank  A. 

1921  Smith,  W.  A. 

Eagle  0roTe  (Wright) 

1921  Henneberry,    James    W. 

Zldora  (Hardin) 

1922  Davis,  Aymer  D. 
1918  Huff,  Herbert  A. 
1922  Huston,  Wendell 
1922  Lundy,  Edward  H. 

EUuder  (Cnayton) 

1904    Murphy,  Daniel  D. 
1922    Price,  Valmah  T. 

Emmetaburg  (Palo  Alto) 

1918    McCarty,  Dwight  G. 
1916    Morling,  Edgar  A. 
1922    O'Connor,  Thomas 

Eatherville  (Emmet) 
1922    Johnston,   William  S. 

Fonda  (Pocahontas) 
1922    Hogan,  Frank  P. 

Foreit  City  (Winnebago) 
1922    Jensen,  L.  A. 

Fort  Dodge  (Webster) 

1921    Breen,  Maurice  J. 

1921  Bryant,  Cyrus  A. 

1922  Qabrielson,  Vemer 

1921  Hanson^   Clarence   M. 
1918  Hcaly,  Robert 

1922  Helsell,   (Tharlea  A. 
1912  Kelleher,  D.  M. 

1922    Schaupp,     John     Martin, 

Jr. 
1021    Thomas,  Seth 
1921    Wright  R.   M. 

Fort  XadlMB  (Lee) 

1921  Frailey,  Joseph  R. 

1912  Hamilton,  Wm.  Scott 

1921  Pollard,   E.   H. 

1921  Weber,  E.  C. 

Orlnnell  (Poweshiek) 

1915    Beyer,  Harold  L. 

1912    Lyon,  A.  C. 

1918    Shifflet,  James  Glenn 


Onmdy  Oeutar  (Grundy) 

1922    Sieverding,  Y.  F. 
1922    Strsck,  W.  O. 

Guthrie  Center  (Guthrie) 

1906    Moore,  William  F. 
1922    Sayles,  Edward  R. 

Hampton   (Franklin) 
1922    Stuart,  Ralph  R. 

Karlan  (SheUigr) 

1922  Cullison,  Shelby 

1922  Stuart,  D.  O. 

1921  White,  E.  S. 

1922  Whitney,  J.  B. 

Sartiey  (O'Brien) 

1921  Oonn,  John  T. 

Knmboldt   (Humboldt) 

1922  Lovrien,  Frank  S. 

Zdagrove  (Ida) 

littl    Macomber,  Charles  8w 
1922    Muiphy,  James  Bajnond 

Independence  (Buchanan) 

1921  O'Brien,  R.  J. 

Twdlftwola  (Wurea) 

1922  Brown,  O.  O. 
IflSl    WateoB,  J.  O. 

Xova  Oity  (Johnson) 

1912  Ball,  George  W. 

1920  Bordwell,   Percy 
1912  Davis,  Walter  M. 
19U  Dutcher,  CharlsB  M. 
1922  Goodrich,  Herbert  F. 
1922  Hambrecht,  C.  F. 
1914  Hart,  W.  R 

1912  Horack,  H.  0. 

1922  Jones,  Henry  Craig 

1922  Kenderdine,  Glcmi  A. 

1922  Messer,  Frank  F. 

1922  Otto^  J.  M. 

1922  Otto,  Ralph 

1921  Randall,  Frank  Hall 
1804  Wade   IL  J. 

1911    Walker,  Henry  O. 
1906    Wilcox,  Elmer  A. 

Iowa  lUla  (Hardin) 

1922  Gnctartft,  a  E. 


STATE   LIST  OF  HEHBEBS  BY   OITD 


J«ir«nmi  (Oreene) 

ISSl  Albert,  E.  O. 

1921  QnUuim,  E.  Q. 

1921  Hendenon,  J.  A. 

1921  Wilson.  E.  B. 

Xeoknk  (Lee) 

1919  Blood,  William  O. 

1918  Boyd,  J.  O. 
1914  Colline,  W.  B. 
1896  Onig,  John  E. 

1919  HollingBworth,    Abraham 
1921  McManus,  E.  W. 

1916    Montgomery,  Leonard  J. 
1902    Sawyer,  Hasen  I. 
1916    Tlmberman,  William 
Swaiey 

Xeoi&U4«A  (Van  Barea) 

1921  Oalhoun,  J.  C. 

1922  Sloan,  H.  B. 
1914    Walker    W.  M. 

Lanrena    (Pocahontas) 

1922    Allen,  W>r. 
1922    Gilchrist.  F.  O. 

LoKari  (Plymouth) 
1922    Bradley,  0.  0. 

Lonox   (Taylor) 
1922    George,  W.  Roy 

L^on   (Decatur) 
1922    H<^man,  OaWin  W. 

XaBOhettor  (Delaware) 

1921  Blair,  Fred  B. 

1921  Bronson,   Henry 

1908  Oarr,  E.  If. 

1921  Oarr,  Hubert 

1921  Dimham,  George  W. 

1921  Stiles,  E.  B. 

1921  Toran,  M.  J. 

XapUtoa  (Monona) 

1922  Bennett,  Oliver  P. 

MMTtngo  (Iowa) 
1918    Stapleton,  Thomas 

Varioa  (Linn) 
1921    Anderson,  F.  L. 

XanhaUtowB  (Marshall) 

1921    AUbee,  O.  H. 
1921    BemMtt,  W.  T. 


IOWA 

lUnhaUtowB  (Manbal]) 
Oont'd 

1918  Boardman,  C.  H.  E. 

1922  Oraney,  H.  H. 

1922  Edmistcr,  C.  R. 

1921  Hoover,  Albert  B. 

1921  Mote,  O.  A. 

1912  Van  Uw,  C.  H. 

Mason    Oity    (Oerro    Gordo 

1921  Olough,  R.  F. 

1918  Dunn,  Edward  G. 

1921  Feeney,  A.  J.,  Jr. 

1922  Forbes,  Lowell  L. 
1922  McDermott,  T.  O. 
1922  MarUey,  J.  E.  E. 

1914  Smith.  Ekrl 

lUzwell  (Stores) 

1921  Douglass,  I.  W. 

Xontarama  (Poweshiek) 

1922  Bechly,  Frank 
1916    Lewis,  W.  R. 

Xontioello  (Jones) 

1922    Doxsee,  J.  W. 

1921  Reed,  Ervin  E. 

Xusoatine  (Muscatine) 

1916  Bihlmeier,  Frank  L. 

1901  Devitt,  J.  F. 

1920  Fishbum.  J.  J. 

1922  Jayne,  W.  R. 

1921  Richman,  Irving  B. 

Htw  Hampton  (Chickssaw) 

1922  Geiaer,  M.  E. 
1922    Behorst,  Frank  J. 

H«wtoa  (Jasper) 

1922  Ouey,  M.  J. 

1915  Gross,  J.  E. 
1915  Korf,  H.  O. 
1914  Myers,  Oliver  P. 
1912  Silwold,  Henry 

Oelwein  (Fayette) 

1921  O'Brien,  E.  R. 

Onawa  (Monona) 

1922  Prlchard,  J.  A. 

Oimnf  0  Oity  (Sioux) 
1922    Kolyn,  Andrew  J. 


924 


AMBBICAN  BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


8h«ldon  (O'BrieB) 

19S1  Creswell,  William  R. 

1918  Diamond,  T.  E. 

1021  Jory,  Clifford  D. 

1921  Lindny,  James  B. 

1921  McCandleiB,  John 

1921  Mclntixe,  Isaac  N. 

1922  Wellman,  C.  T. 

Bhtnandoah  (Page) 
1980    Ferguson,  William  Paul 

Sibley  (Osceola) 

1922    Oarberson,  W.  C. 

1921  Koopman,  E.  H. 

Slgoumey  (Keokuk) 

1922  Baker,  George  B. 
1918    Stockman,  David  T. 

Bionx  City  (Woodbury) 

1921  Balkema,  Peter 

1922  Brouillette,  H.  I. 
1921  Carter,  John  B. 
1921  Cleary,  T.  P. 

1921  Corbett,  Edward  If. 

1922  Fribourg,  Arnold  L. 

1921  Goltz,  Carlos  W. 

1922  Harper,  H.  C. 

1921  Johnson,  Audley  W. 

1922  Joseph,  John  F. 
1921    Kaas,  Jacob  F. 

1921  Kan,  William  J. 
1914  Milchrist,  William 

1922  ICohr,  John  H. 
1921  Hunger,  Bobert  H. 
1921  Pike,  Bobert  B. 
1921  Piaey,  Alfred 

1921  Purdy,  Vaii  E. 

1912  Shull,  DelossXU.  • 

1921  SbuU,  DeloBs  P. 

1921  Shull,  Henry  C. 

1921  Sifford,  Byron  L. 

1918  Snyder,  Harry  S. 

1921  Staaon,  Edwin  J. 

1921  StiUwell,  Charles  M. 

1921  Struble,  O.  T. 

1906  Wagner,  E.  E. 

Bpeneer  (Clay) 

1921  Heald,  George  A. 

Spirit  Lake  (Dickinson) 

1922  Carlton,  R.  S. 

Storm  Lake  (Buena  Vista) 

1914    Bailie,  A.  D. 
1922    Whitney,  J.  S. 


lOVrAp-JAFAV-XAVBAS 
Strawberry  Poiat  (Clayton) 
1922    Holmes,  Alexander  A. 

Swea  Oity  (Kossuth) 
1922    Dye,  Joseph  If. 

Tipton  (Poweshiek) 

1921  France,  J.  C. 
1894    Ifoffit,  John  T. 

Toledo  (Tama) 

1918  Walters,  Charles  E. 

Waskington  (Washington) 

1911  Bailey,  Marsh  W. 

1922  Livingston,  Sc^yler  W. 
1922    Michels,  T.  A. 

1912  Morrison,  Edmund  D. 
1909    Thome,   Clifford 
1916    Wilson,  C.  J. 

Waterloo  (Blackhawk) 

1922  Birdsall,  W.  N. 

1922  Edwards,  A.  J. 

1922  Edwards,  Frank  W. 

1922  Frank,  P.  H. 

1922  Jordan,  J.   E. 

1922  Knapp,  James  T. 

1922  Liffring,  John  D. 

1914  McCoy,  E.  H. 

1922  MurUgh,  J.   C. 

1914  Pickett,  C.  E. 

1922  Pike,  George  E. 

1922  Piatt,  Franklin  C. 

1922  Ransier,  Charles  D. 

1922  Sias.  Carleton 

1914  Swisher    B.  F. 

1922  Tuthill,  John  S. 

1922  Wilson,  ElUs  E.  ' 

1922  Zimmerman,  Arthur  A. 

Waverl^  (Bremer) 
1922    Hageman.  F.  P. 

1921  Sager,  Edward  A. 

Webfter  City  (Hamilton) 

1922  Alexander,  Sterling 
1914    Bamer,  Geo.  S. 

1920  Biemataki,  Charles  A. 

1916  Bumstedt,  John  E. 

1920  Henderson.  O.  J. 

1920  Kamrar,  John  L. 

1921  Lee,  Jesse  W. 

1920  Lund,  Frank  J. 

1921  McFerren,  Rube 
1912  Martin,  Wesley 
1921  Porter,*  John  D. 

1919  Remley,  B.  G. 

1920  Thompson,  G.  D. 


Weat  VBiOB  (Fayette) 

1921    Ainsworth,  W.  J. 

1921  Antes,  William  H. 

1922  Oonatock,  Willard  W. 

Wintereet  (Madison) 

1921  Cooper,  W.  S. 

1922  Percival.  Leo  O. 

JAPAN 

Tokyo 

1908    Morris,  Roland  & 

1914  Pergler,  Charles 

Tokokama 

1918  Kauffmann,  James  L. 

KANSAS 

Antkony  (Harper) 
1921    Day,  Vernon 

Askland  (Clark) 
1916    Price,  Francis  C. 

Atckifon   (Atchison) 

1906    Orr,  James  W. 

1904    Waggener.  William  P. 

Belleville  (Republic) 

1919  Hogin,  John  C. 

Beloit  (Mitchell) 

1921    Hamilton.  B.  L. 
1918    Jordan,  Amsie  B. 
1911    Kagey,  C.  L. 

Ckanute  (Neoaho) 

1921  Allen,  James  A. 

1921  Brown,  S.  C. 

1916  Farrelly,  Hugh  P. 

1915  Finley,  James  W. 

Clay  Center   (Clay) 

1921  Jones,  C.  Vincent 

1916  SUckpole.  Hy.  V, 

Oolumbaa  (Cherokee) 
1914    Williams,  Al.  F. 

Oonoordia    (Cloud) 

1922  Hunt,  Charles  51. 
1906    Pulsifer,  Park  B. 

Dodge  Olty  (Ford) 

1921    Scates,  Arthur  a 
1921    WatUns,  Albert 


OX.A.XA      IJAOX      \JS      jajItJILDjaAO      DX       VXXXXtO     AX^Xr      X\/TTX'«0. 


v/vv 


Xldorado  (Butler) 
1021    McOluggage,  R.  T. 

SUswOTth   (Ellsworth) 
ins    Bullett,  Samuel  E. 

Smporla  (Lyon) 

1914  Hftioer,  R.  M. 

1920  Harris,  W.  a 

Brit  (Neosbo) 

1915  Smith.  Ross  B. 

Fort  Soott  (Bourbon) 

1921  Gory,  Charles  E. 
1921    Keene,  A.  M. 

1916  Sheppard.  James  O. 

Fredonia  (Wilson) 

1921  Ctoopcr,  J.  T. 

1921  Dunham,  B.  M. 

1921  Edmundson,  W.  H. 

1921  Ifikesell,  E.  D. 

1921  Stryker,  J.  Lowe 

Garden  Olty  (Finney) 

1910  Hutchison,  Wm.  Easton 

Oamott  (Anderson) 

1911  Bowman,  Noah  L. 
1916    Schoonover,  Manford 

Glrard  (Crawford) 

1921    Beezley,  George  F. 
1906    Qaitskill.  B.  S. 

Great   Bend    (Barton) 

1912  Osmond,   William 
1919    Russell,  Russell  Coe 

Greensbnrf  (Kiowa) 

1921    Beck,  John  D. 
1918    Davis,  John  W. 

Hiawatha  (Brown) 
1918    Archer,  W.  E. 

Hvtohinion  (Reno) 

1921  Burnett,  William  H. 

1911  Martin.  F.  L. 

1912  Simmoae,  J.  S. 
1921  Smith.  F.  Dumont 

Zadependence    (IndependetMc) 

1921  Armstrpng,  Alfred  Q. 
1914    Biyant,  C.  J. 

1922  Ctourtwright.  P.  L. 


KANSAS 

loU  (Alien) 

1911  Oyler,  F.  J. 

Jnnotion  City  (Geary) 

1912  Humphrey.  James  V. 


City  (Wyandotte) 

1911  Alden,  Maurice  L. 

1912  Berger,  Albert  L. 

1921  Boddington,  Edward  M. 

1921  Brady.  J.  H. 

1918  Carter,  L.  O. 

1921  Ditzen,  Paul  H. 

1921  Fischer,  Edward  Louis 

1921  Herrod,   A.  J. 

1916  Higgins.  Richard  J. 
1914  McAnany.  Edwin  S. 

1921  Meek,  James  M. 

1922  Mellott,  Arthur  J. 
1921  Pollock,  Thomas  A. 
1914  Robert^n.  Fred. 
1921  SUnley,  Arthur  J. 
1921  SUnley,  Ouy  E. 

1921  Van  Cleve,  Thomas  M, 

1922  Wierenga,  H.  O. 
1921    Wood,  William  L. 

Kingman  (Kingman) 
1921    Alexander.  S.  8. 

Kiova   (Barber) 
1921    Perry.  F.  F. 

Lawrenoe  (Douglas) 

1911  Burdick,  William  Livesey 
1914    CJlingman,  Ord 

LeaYenworth  (Leavenworth) 
1914    Dassler,  C.  F.  W. 

Lincoln  (Lincoln) 
1921    Healy,  M.  J. 

Lyoni  (Rice) 

1917  Jones,  Ben  Sam 

XoPherson    (Mcpherson) 

1921    Hendry,  Alex  S. 

1912  Johnson,  Frank  O. 

KarTSViUo  (MarahaU) 
1914    Redmond.  William  W. 

Xeade   (Meade) 

1914    Jones.  H.  Llewelyn 
1921    WilBon,  Charles  O. 


Kadlotne  Lodge  (Barber) 
1921    Houck,  Adrian  8. 

Howtoa  (Harvey) 
1914    Branine,  Bara 

Otwogo  (Labette) 

1905  Clark,  Elmer  C. 

1921    Columbia,  Elmer  W. 

Paola  (Miami) 

1921    Lowe,  Roy  8. 

1921  Riley,  B.  T. 

1919  Sheridan,  Bernard  L. 
1914    Sheridan.  Frank  M. 

PartOBi  (Labette) 
1908    Brown,  W.  W. 

Pittsburg  (Crawford) 

1906  Campbell,  J.  J. 

1914  Curran,  A.  J. 

1911  Curran,  John  P. 

1915  Dennison,  C.  S. 

1922  Keller,  Adam  Bruce 
1922  McNally,  Bbtthew  B. 
1915  Malcolm,  Geo.  R. 
1922  Pingry,  C.  O. 

1922    VonSchriltz,   Guy  W. 
1915    Wheeler.  Frederick  B. 

Pratt  (Pratt) 
1921    Barrett,  William 

Kussell  (Russell) 

1918  Ruppenthal,  Jacob  C. 
1921    Vogelgesang.  Jacob  G. 

Salina  (Saline) 

1920  Litowich,  B.  1. 

1921  Smith,  Omer  D. 

Scott  City  (Scott) 
1921    Bane,  Ed.  R. 
1921    RuaseU,  H.  A. 

8«daa  (Ghavtaoqua) 

1921  Ferrell,  J.  A. 

Topeka  (Shawnee) 
1908    Allen,  Stephen  R. 

1919  Austin,  Edwin  A. 

1912  Blair,  R.  W. 

1922  Bureh,  R.  A. 
1922  Bums,  Luther 
1914  Dawson,  John  8. 
1914  Dean,  John  S. 


926 


AME&IGAN   BAA  ASSOCIATION. 


Topekt  (Shawnee)  Oont'd 

1922  Doran,  Thomu  F. 

1919  Drexming,  Prank  O. 

1914  Perrr,  L.  S. 

1919  FUier,  Hugh  T. 
1922  (Saw,  Ralph  H. 

1905  Gleed,  J.  WiUis 
1916  Hamilton,  Clay 
1911  Harvey,  A.  M. 
1914  Hite,  D.  R. 
1916  Hogueland,  E.  H. 

1920  Hopkina,  Richard  J. 

1921  Huggina,  Wni.  L. 
1916  Hunt»  John  L. 

1921  Johnston,  William  A. 

1911  Jonea,  Howel 

1922  Kinkel,  John  M. 
19M  Larimer,  Jeremiah  B. 

1919  Lee,  Thomaa  Amory 
1922  Lowrence,  W.  B. 
1928  McDermott,  George  T. 
1922  McKeever,  Edwin  D. 
1918  liaaon,  Henry  F. 

1906  Mulvane,  David  W. 
1922  Painter,  D.  E. 
1906  Porter.  Silas 

1922  Scott,   Alfred  A. 

1906  Slonecker,  J.  O. 

1889  Smith,  Charles  Blood 

1906  Smith,  Charles  W. 

1922  Smith,  William  R. 

1912  Stone,  Robert 

1920  Troutman,  James  A. 
1922  Yeale,   Tinkham 
1922  Webb,  Robert  L. 
1912  West,  Judson  S. 
1922  Wood,  Owen  J. 

Waahington  (Washington) 

1918  Bennet,  Edgar 

W«UlngtoB  (Summer) 

1921  Bradley,  John 
1921  Lawrence,  James 
1921  Ready,  Wendell 
1918  Taggart,  B.  J. 

Wlohlta  (Sedgwick) 

1921  Adams,  John  W. 

1921  Amidon,  S.  B. 

1921  BUck,  Hal  If. 

1921  Blake,  Earl 

1911  Brooks,  C.  H. 

1921  Brooks,  WiUard 

1921  Brubacher,  J.  A. 

1921  Bucklaad,    Samuel    Ald< 

rich 

1918  Campbell,  J.  Graham 


Wiohita  (Sedgwick)   Cont'd 

1912  Carey,  Joseph  G. 

1921  Conly,  James  A. 

1921  Cowan,  Austin  M. 

1921  Coz,  Qeorge  W. 

1921  Elcock,  Thomas  E. 

1911  Evans,  Earle  W. 

1921  Foulke,  E.  L. 

1916  IVralston,  Robert  C 

1916  Gardiner,  P.  D. 

1921  Gardner,  George 

1916  Harris,  Vermilion 

1921  Hasty,  L.  A. 

1921  Hegler,  Benjamin  P. 

1911  Houston,  J.  D. 
1921  Keith.  William 
1921  Lampl,  Henry 
1921  Lilleston,  W.  F. 

1912  Long,  Chester  I. 
1921  McCorkle,  Charles  A. 
1921  McCormick,  Ross 
1921  McGill,  George 

1921  Mataon,  Cliff  A. 

1921  Moss,  Sidney  A. 

1912  Noftzger,  Thomas  A. 

1916  Pepperell,    William   Earl 

1921  Pierpont,  Grover 

1921  Potta,  Dempster  O. 

1921  Sargent,  Thornton  W. 

1921  Siefkin,  Ckorge 

1920  Stanley,  William  Eugene 

1921  Steams,  I.  H. 
1921  Wall,  Jesse  D. 
1921  Wetmore,  Z. 

1921  Tankey.  (Tharles  Q. 


AshUnd   (Boyd) 

1914  Dysard,  H.  R. 

1918  Hager,  John  F. 

1920  Malin,  Frank  Ck>llins 

1920  Prichard,  Watt  Monroe 
1914  Stewart,  J.  W.  M. 
1914  Willis,  Simeon  S. 

B&rdw«ll  (Carlisle) 

1921  Kane,  John  E. 

1922  Shelbonme,  R.  M. 

BeattTTlUe  (Lee) 

1921  Gourley,  Chester 

1921  Hurst,  Sam 

1921  Roberts,  J.  K. 

1921  Rose,  Earl  B. 

Berea  (Madison) 
1917    Walden,  W.  B. 


Bowling  OrMa  (Warren) 

1922  Logan,  M.  M. 

1906  Settle,  Warner  Ellroore 

1912  Thomas,  B.  O.  P. 

1912  Thomas.  Thomas  W. 

Burlington  (Boone) 
1922    Ril^,  B.  H. 

OanoUton  (Carroll) 
1921    Howe,  John  Junior 

Oatlotttlmrg  (Boyd) 

1921  Ooldinm,  John  P. 

1921  Dinkle,  Rufus  S. 

1921  Planneiy,  W.  H. 

1914  Martin,  George  B. 

1918  Williama,  James  A. 

Covington  (Kenton) 

1921  Adams,  Samuel  W. 

1921  Applegate,  Leslie  T. 

1921  Qatllil,  Edward  M. 

1921  Howard,  U.  J. 

1921  Klette,  John  H. 

1921  Lee,  D.  OoUins 

1921  Menxies,  John  W. 

1921  Murphy,  John  T. 

1922  Ujtn,  Harvey 
1921  Richmond,  John  A. 
1905  Rouse,  Shelley  D. 
1921  Shepard,  John  E. 
1912  Simmons,  Robert  C. 

1921  Slattery,  Tliomaa  D. 

1922  Stricklett,  Alfred  B. 

Oyntliiana  (Harrison) 
1921    Swinford,   M.  C. 

Danvttlo  (Boyle) 

1914    Bagfoy,  C.  C. 
1921    Puryear,  Kmmet 

Frankfort  (Franklin) 

1918    Clay,  Wm.  Rogers 

1921  Dawson,  Charles  I. 
1914    Edelen,  T.  L. 

1916    McGregor,  Thomaa  B. 

1922  O'Rear,  Edward  a 

Franklin  (Simpson) 
1922    Moore,  C.  & 

Fnlton  (Fulton) 
1916    Out,  Frank 

Glasgow  (Barren) 
1916    Portor,  W.  JL 


STATE  LIST  OF  MEMBBB8  BY   CITIES  A 


Qnjnon  (Qarter) 
1912    Theobald,  Thos.  Dudley 

Or«eiiTilllB  (MuUcnberff) 

1914    Eaves,  St.  OUir 
1916    Taylor,  E.  A. 

HArUn  (Harlan) 
1922    Jones,  D.  0. 

Earrodibvrf   (Mercer) 
1921    Gaither,  E.  H. 

Hertford   (Ohio) 
1921    Kirk,  Arthur  D. 

Henderson  (Henderson) 

1920    Vance,   Robert  D. 
1912    Worsbam,  John  O. 

1907  Teaman,  James  M. 

1920  Teaman,  Malcolm 

Kodf  enviUe  (Lame) 

1921  Mather,  O.  M. 

EopUnavllle  (ChrisUan) 

1921  BeU,  Douglas 

1922  McOarroU,  Joe 
1921  Rives,  Frank 
1921  Wood,  Hunter 

Irvine  (Estill) 

1921    Miller,  OUrence 

1921  RiddeU,  Hugh 

1922  Walker,  John  W. 

Jaekion  (Breathitt) 

1921  Bach,  Qrannis 

1922  Pollard,  O.  H. 

Lezlnf ton  (Fayette) 

1920  Adams,  Ohester  D. 
1899  Allen,  John  R. 
1916  Botts,  Joseph  S. 
1918  Ohalkley,  Lyman 

1921  Ohapman,  Virgil 
1921  Harbison,  Clinton  M. 
1921  Hobbs,  William  C.  G. 
1916  Hunt,  George  R. 
1914  Hutchinson,  £.  L. 
1921  Kash,  Kelly 

1921  LaiTerty,  W.  T. 

1908  McDonald,  Edward  h. 
1908  Stoll.   Richard   C. 
1921  Thompson,  Grover  C. 
1921  Thompeon,  Linzy  O. 
1921  Townsend,  William  H. 

30 


XBNTTTCXT 

Lezintton  (Fayette)  Cont'd 

921  Walton,  Matt  8. 

912  Wilson,  Samuel  M. 

921  Vantis,  Samuel  S. 

Lovisa  (Lawrence) 

921  See,  0.  V,,  Jr. 

LonifTiUe  (Jefferson) 

901  Allen,  Lafon 

912  Attkisson,  Eugene  R. 

896  Baskln,  John  B. 

921  Benainger,  Arthur  B. 

906  Bingham,  Robert  W. 

911  Booth,  Percy  N. 

910  Brown,  Eli  H.,  Jr. 
894  Bruce,  Helm 

900  BuUitt,  Wm.  Manhall 

914  Carroll,  A.  J. 

920  Clarke,  William  F.,  Jr. 

921  (Conner,  J.  Verser 
908  Cox,  Attila,  Jr. 

922  (]oyle.  Prank 

911  Oawford.  William  W. 
918  Dale,  W.  Pratt 

908  Doolan,  John  C. 

915  DulBn,  James  R. 
921  Eagles,  William  B. 

912  Edwards,  Davis  W. 

916  Gordon,  R.  G. 
921  Gregory,  James  P. 

921  Gregory,  William  Voris 

897  Grubbs.  Charles  a 
914  Haswell,  John  P.,  Jr. 
918  Helm,  Thomas  Kennedy 

918  Hickman,  Lindley  Allison 

908  Hieatt,  Clarence  C. 

909  Hopkins,  Arthur  E. 

922  Hubbard,  Eugene 

914  Humphrey,  Alexander  P. 

914  Jouett,  Edward  S. 

919  Kinkead,  CHeves 
921  Laurent,  Joseph  S. 
921  Lazarus,  Joseph 

921  Lee,  Howard  B. 

896  McDerroott,  Edward  J. 

922  McDowell,   R.    A. 
896  MacPherson,  Ernest 
914  Marshall,  Burwell  Keith 

914  Middleton,  Charles  G. 

917  Miller,  Robert  K. 

919  Moorman,  Charles  H. 
912  Norman,  J.  V. 

920  Northcutt,  William  A. 
922  Phelps,  Lilbum 

901  Ray,  Charles  T. 

915  Rutledge,  Arthur  M. 


1 
1 
1 
1 


1 
1 
1 
1 


II 


It 
1( 


1( 
1{ 
19 

Ifi 
19 
18 


928 


AMERICAN    BAR   ASSOCIATION. 


PaduoAh  (McOracken)  Cont'd 

10S2  McDoMld,  John  K.,  Jr. 

1006  Mocquot,  James  D. 

1904  Reed,  Wniiam  M. 

1006  Wbeeler,  0.  K. 

1916  Wheeler,  James  G. 

Paffe^ille  (Barren) 
1907    Woods,  Edffar  H. 

Paxil  (Bourbon) 

1917  Clay.  Brutus  J. 
1921    Dickson,  Emmett  M. 
1914    Dundon,  Denis 

PlkevlUe  (Pike) 

1914  Auxier,  Andrew  E. 

1921  Barrett,  W.  W. 

1917  Cooper,  R.  H. 
1914  Harman,  Thomu  H. 

PlneylUe  (Bell) 

1909  Ayrea,  William 

1909  Culvert,  Cleon  K. 

1900  Davis,  WUliam  T. 

1921  Gilbert,  James  M. 

1906  Jeffries,  James  H. 

1909  Patterson,  Newton  Reid 

Preitonharf  (Floyd) 

1921  Combs,  B.  F. 

Princeton  (Caldwell) 
1914    Gates,  John  Calhoun 

Kiokmond  (McHenry) 

1922  Oldham,  R.  0. 

1918  Parrish,  Stephen  D. 

BnaMlMUe  (Logan) 

1922    Crewdson,  S.  R. 

1920  Feltz,  E.  J. 

1921  Taylor,  Coleman 

Soottiyilla   (Allen) 

1922  Gniiam,  W.  D. 

BhelhTTilla   (Shelby) 
1918    Todd,  John  King 

Bmlthland  (Liyingston) 
1921    Ferguson,  Charles 

Someriet  (Pulaski) 

1921    Kennedy,  H.  C. 
1920    Smith,  Ben  D. 


XEKTUOXT— L0VI8IAVA 

'  Btandford    (Lincoln) 

1917  Saunders,  J.   N. 

• 
yeraalUei  (Woodford) 

1918  Davis,  William  O. 

Wiillamitown  (Grant) 
1922    Harrison,  F.  A. 

Winohester   (Clark) 
1921    Jouett,   Beverley  E. 

LOUISIANA 

AlezandrU   (Rapids) 

1921    Blackman,  W.  F. 

1920  Hawthorn,  Johr  William« 
son 

1921  Holloman,  T.  W. 
1921  Holloman,  W.  E. 
1921  Overton,  John  H. 
1916  Thornton,    Ralph   S. 

1921  Thornton,  S.   0. 
1909    White,  H.  H. 

1919  White,   Richard  Franklin 

Amite    (Tangipahoa) 

1900    Ellis,  S.  D. 

1907    Kemp,  Bolivar  E. 

AroadU  (Bienville) 

1922  Goff.  W.  D. 

Baton  Rouge   (E.    Baton 
Rouge) 

1922  Barrow,    Wylie    M. 

1909  Brunot,  H.   P. 

1914  Ooss,  T.  Jones 

1922  Moyse,  Herman 

1921  Porter,  O.  V.,  Jr. 
191^  Taylor,    B.    B. 
1911  TuUis,   Robert  L. 

1909  Wall,  Isaac  D. 

Oolumhla  (Caldwell) 

1922  Thombill,  J.   B. 

Oovington  (St.  Tammany) 
1921    Miller.  B.   M. 

Orowley   (Acedia) 

1910  Carmouche,  W.   J. 
1914    Chappuis,  Philip  J. 

De  Bidder  (Beauregard) 
I    1921    Powell,  Prank  E. 


DonaldeonTlUe    (Ascension) 
1921    Lemann,   Walter 

FameiriUe    (Union) 

1921  Field,  H.  G. 

Fraaklln  (St.  Maiy) 

1920    Brumby,   Robert  E. 

1918  Himel,   Rene  H. 

1920  Kramer,  Paul 

1922  Saint,  Percy 

4  FraaUiaton  (Washington) 

1921  Ott,  ICagee  W. 

Kovma   (Terrebonne) 

1921  Caillouet,  A.   J. 

1919  EUender,   Allen  J. 

1922  Wallis,  H.   M.,  Jr. 

Jenningf    KJefferson    Daris) 
1921    Robira,  John  J. 

Lafayette   (LafayetU) 

1921    DeBaillon,  Dan 
1914    Mouton,   Orther  O. 

Lake  Obarlei  (Calcaeieu) 

1918  Bell,  U.   A. 
1910    Cline,  J.  D. 

1021  Edwards,  Thomas  Arthur 

1021  Gayle,  Edwin  F. 

1919  Kaufman,   Elias   R. 
1919  King,  AlTin  O. 

1917  McOpy,    Charles  Arthur 

1914  Plauche,  Thomas  C. 

1919  Porter,    Thomas   Fitsger- 

ald 

1904  Pujo,  Arsene  P. 

1919  Stone,    Robert    Raymond 

1916  Sugar,  Leon 

Lake  Provldenoe  (E.  Carroll) 
1914    Oilfoil,   James  H.,   Jr. 

LeesTllle  (Vemoa) 
1921    Hardin,  C.  E. 

Kaaifleld  (De  Soto) 
1921    Liverman,  H.  T. 

Xooroe   (Ouachita) 

1921    Briggs,  Henry  D. 

1916    Hudson,  Frederick  Gray. 

Jr. 
1921    McHenry.  Carl  H. 
1981    Munholland,  John  M. 


BTATJS    ItlST    Of    J&KMJSlfiilS    BX    UITIBB    AHV    TOWf4B. 


yi6\f 


(OuachiU)  Ooot'd 

1018  Sbolars,  Allan 

1900  Stubbs,  Frank  P. 

1014  Them,  Jobn  C. 

Hapol6MivlU«    (Aamimption) 

1022  Talbot,  Aubert  L. 

HatohltoohM    (Natchitocbea) 

1021  Breazeale,   Phanor 

1000  Oarrer,  M.  H. 

1021  Dianrakea,  If.  L. 
1018  Scarborough,   D.  C. 

New  IbmrU  Gberia) 

1014  Burke,  Walter  J. 

1022  Vuillemot.  E. 
1018  Weeks,  Edward  T. 

New  Orle&ne  (Orleans) 

1000  Adems,  St.  Olalr 

1017  Baker.  J.  O. 

1018  Beer,  Scott  E. 

1021  Bell,  William  A. 

1022  Benedict,  Percy  S. 
1022  Bond«  Nat.   W. 
1802  Bowers,  E.  J. 
1900  Breaux,  Joseph  A. 

1020  Brewer,   Joseph   H. 

1021  Bruna,  James  Henry 
1021  Bruns,   T.  M.   Logan 
1012  Bums,  Louis  Henry 
1002  Oahn,  Edgar  U. 
1000  Canoll,  Charles 
1006  Carroll,  Jos.  W. 
1000  Garter,  B.  J. 

1021  Carter,  Howell,  Jr. 
1000  ChslTe,  D.  B.  H. 
1016  Ohaffe,  Henry  H. 
1014  Claiborne,  Ohas^F. 

1022  Cocke,  B.  J. 
1000  Oboo,  A.  V. 
ion  Cooper,  A.  W. 

1021  Daly,  Bernard  J. 

1011  Dansiger,   Alfred    David 

1022  Dart,  Benjamin  W. 
1888  Dart,   Henry  P. 
1010  Dart,  Henry  P.,  Jr. 
1022  Dart,  John 

1000  Davey,   John  C. 

1021  De  La  Vergne,  Hughes  J. 

1021  De  Lucas,  Clarence 

18S8  Denegre,  Oeorge 

1801  Denegre,  Walter  D. 

1021  Doyle,   Warren 

1021  Dreyfous,  FeUz  J. 


LomsLurA 

New  Orleant' (Orleans) 
Cont'd 

1021  Dreyfous,  George  A. 

1000  Duchamp,  Charles  A. 

1008  Dufour,  H.  Oeneres 

1008  Dufour,   WiUiam  C. 

1011  D3rmond,  John,   Jr. 

1914  Fayasoux,  William  IfcL. 

1000  Fenner,  Charles  Payne 

1018  Fletchinger,  Charles  F. 

1021  Fortier,  James  J.   A. 

1014  Foster,  Rufus  E. 
1011  Friedrichs,  Carl  C. 

1022  Gamble,   Harry 

1010  Qesaner,  Jessy  Benedict 
1016  Oidiere,  Philip  S. 

1022  Gill,  Charles  G. 

1000  Gleason,   Walter  L. 

1011  Goldberg,   Abraham 
1016  Grace,  John  D. 

1021  Grant,  William  Bullitt 

1022  Gross,  Josiah 
1021  Guioff,  Walter 
1021  Hamraett,  H.  L. 
1921  Hammond,  Arthur  B. 
1011  Hart,  Frank  Wm. 
1808  Hart,  W.  0. 

1021  Heller,  Isaac  S. 

1022  Henri^iues,  Edouard  F. 

1011  Henriques,  James  C. 
1018  Henry,  Burt  W. 

1021  Hero,    William   Sommer 

1021  Hollingsworth,   J.    C. 
1018  Jones,  W.  Cstesby 

1022  Kaiser,  H.   W. 

1021  Kammer,   Alfred  Charles 

1018  Keman,  Benjamin  W. 

1021  Kleinert,    Edward   P. 

1012  Lazarus,  Eldon  Spencer 
1005  Leake,   Hunter  C. 
1888  Legendre,  James 

1011  Lemdnn,  Monte  M. 

1007  Lemle,    Gustave 

1015  Leovy,  Victor 

1021  Lererich,   Watts  K. 

1011  Lewis,    Walter    Stanford 
1010  Loeber,    Florence 

1022  McCloskey,  John  J. 
1890  HcClosky,    Bernard 
1878  Merrick,  Edwin  T. 
1900  Miller.  John  D. 
1909  Milling,  R.  E. 
1909  Milner,   Pumell   M. 
1014  Monroe,   Frank  A. 
1000  Monroe,  J.  Blanc 

1012  Montgomery,  Richard  B. 
1000  Mooney,  Henry 


j 


New  Orleans  (Orleaim) 
Cont'd 

000  Moore,  I.  D. 

,022  Nix,  Jno.  D. 

014  OUvier,  Pierre  D. 

022  0*Niell,  Charles  A. 

021  Ory,   Benjamin 

000  Overton,  Winston 

.000  Parsons,   Edward  A. 

021  Peres,  John  R. 
004  Perkins,  Robert  J. 
000  Peters,  Arthur  J. 
014  Phelps,  Esmond 

022  Pomes,  Emlle 
022  Provoety,  Michel 
022  Provoety,  Olivier  O. 

021  Prowell,  Jones  T. 

022  Quintero,  J.  Marshall 
021  Rsult,*  Joseph  M. 

017  Rice,  Frazer  Lea 

021  Rivet,  Charles  J. 

022  Rogers,  Wynne  O. 
01}  Rosen,  Chsrles 

018  Saal,  Irving  R. 
021  Schreiber,   Oacer 
912  Schwars,  Ralph  J. 
921  SoMler,   David 

921  Sompeyrac,  Paul  A. 

911  Soule,  Frank 

900  Spearing,  J.  Zach 

012  Spencer,  Walker  Brainerd 

ro  Stafford,    Ethelred   M. 

017  Stents,  VaL  J. 

018  Sullivan,  John  P. 
020  Suthon,  WalUr  J.,  Jr. 
906  Terriberiy,   Oeorge  H. 
900  Theard,  Charles  J. 

916  Theard,  Delvaille  H. 
900  Thilborger,  Edward  J. 
Oil  Titche,  Bernard 

000  Tobin,   John  F. 

000  Wagucspack,  W.  J. 

000  Waldo,  John  F.  C. 

010  Wall,  W.  W. 

914  Weis,  J^derick  S. 

917  Weiss,  Sol. 

921  Westerfleld,   WUliam   W. 

916  Wolf,   Benjamin  Y. 

918  Wolf,  Samuel 

917  WoodviUe.  J.  L.  Warren 
917  Woodville,  John  A. 

017  Tounr,  William  Waller 


New  Beads  (Folate  Coupee) 

1021  Bouanchaud,   Hewitt 

1022  Morrison,  J.  H. 
1020    Provoety,  Albin 


930 


AMERICAN   BAR  ASSOCIATION. 


Opolouai  (St.  Landry) 

1809    Dubulason,  B.  B. 
19XL    Perrault,  L.  L. 

PU4lieiliiii«  (Iberville) 
1922    Schwiiiff,  C.  K. 

EasnrlU«  (Richland) 

1922    EUiB,  O.  J.>  Jr. 

1921    Smith,  Qeorge  Wesley 

Bviton  (Lincoln) 
1921    Crow,  J.  B. 

8t.   FrancUvlUe  (W.   FeU- 
ciana) 

1909    Lftwraaon,   8.   IfcC. 

Shreveport  ^(3addo) 

189S  Alexander,   Taliaferro 

1921  Aikinaon,  J.  S. 

1900  Browne,  E.  Wayles 

1921  Freyer,  A.  B. 

1921  Goldstein,  Elias 

1921  Hardin,  J.  Fair 

1909  Herold,  S.  L. 

1915  Jack,  George  Whitfield 

1921  Jackson,  J.  H. 

1921  LeRosen,    Arthur  A. 

1921  Long,  H.  P. 

1921  Long,  Julius  T. 

1921  Looney,  F.  J. 

1922  Mills,  Edward  P. 
1921  Morgan,  Cecil 
1921  O'Quin,  Leon 
1918  Palmer,  James  G. 
1909  Randolph,    Bdwar^   R. 
1921  Robertson,   T.    W. 
1921  Samuel,  David  B. 
1909  Story,    Hampden 

1921    Walker,  H.  C,  Jr. 
1921    Wilkinson,  W.  8. 

Tallnlah  (Madison) 
1914    Snyder,  Jeif  B. 

Thlbodftnz  (Lafourche) 

1921    Caillouet,  L.  E. 
1921    Oaillouet,  L.  P. 

1921  Knobloch,   Francis  L. 

VidAlU  (ConcordU) 

1922  Bullis,  G.  P. 
1881    TuUit,  Hugh 

Winniboro  (Franklin) 
1922    Moore,  E.  B. 


LOXmiAVA^KAINE 
XAIHS 

Auburn  (Androscoggin) 

1907    Morrill,  John  A. 
1907    Wing,  George  O. 

Augiwte    (Kennebee) 

1907  Bassett,  Norman  L. 

1907  Cornish,  Leslie  G. 

1914  Philbrook,  Warren  0. 

1907  Whitehouse,  William  P. 

Bangor  (Penobscot) 

1891  Appleton,  Frederick  H. 

1918  Burgess,  James  H. 

1919  Conquest,  Edward  J. 
1907  Gillin,  P.  H. 
1922  Hart,  Henry  J. 
1907  Mitchell,  Henry  L. 
1907  Ryder,  Erastus  C. 
1907  Smith,  Bertram  L. 
1912  Thompson,  George  E. 
1912  Wilson,  John 

Bar  Karbor  (Hancock) 
1907    Deaay,  Lucre  B. 

Bath  (Sagadahoc) 

1907    Bewail,  Harqjd  M. 
1907    Trott,  Joseph  M. 

Belfast  (Waldo) 

1907    Dunton,  Robert  F. 

1917  Ritchie,  Arthur 

Biddeford  (York) 

1918  Uamel,  Henry  0. 

Bruniwick  (Cumberland) 

1911    Potter,  Barrett 
1922    Wheeler,  Edward  W. 

Calais  (Waahiugton) 

1919  Dudley,  Herbert  J. 
1919    Jewett,  Reed  V. 

Canton  (Oxford) 
1907    Swaaey.  John  P. 

East  XachUs  (Washington) 
1914    Bogue,  Frederick 

Eastport  (Washington) 
1919    Newoomb,  Lincoln  H. 

ElUworth  (Hancock) 
I  1896    Hamlin.  Hannibal  E. 


Farmington  (Franklin)' 
1907    Butler,  Frank  W. 

1912  Richards,  Elmer  E. 

Freeport  (Cumberland) 

1918  Randall,  Robert  £. 

Oardlner  (Kennebec) 

1913  Gardiner,  Robert  H. 

1921  Gardiner,  William  Tudoi 

Oorham  (Cumberland) 

1913  Waterman,  John  A. 

Lowiiton  (Androscoggin) 

1917    Carter,  Ghariea  B. 
1907    Newell,  William  H. 
1898    Skelton,  William  B. 

Lisbon   (Androscoggin) 

1919  Jordan,  Percie  D. 

Maohiaa   (Washington) 
1907    Donworth,  CHement  B. 

Mattonal  Soldlen  Horn* 

(Kennebec) 

1910    Cyooke,  Robert  B. 

Orono  (Penobscot) 

1914  Dunn,  Charles  J. 
1907    Peabody,  Clarence  W. 

Portland  (Oimberland) 

1916    Bennan,  Jacob  H. 
1886    Bird,  George  B. 

1922  Bodge,  Eugene  L. 

1916  Booth,  Charles  D. 
1907  Bradley,  WUliam  M. 
1919  Brewster,  Ralph  O. 
1914  Chaplin,  Carroll  & 

1917  CHapman.  Pblllp  F. 
1912  CliiTord,  PhiUp  G. 
1922  Connolly,  Joseph  E.  F. 
1803  (Took,  Charles  Sumner 

1917  Oam,  Rany  L. 
1916    Dana,  John  F. 

1922  Donahue,  Charlea  L. 

1922  Dow,   Frederick    N. 

1922  Dyer,  Isaac  W. 

1891  Hale,  Clarence 

1919  Hale,  Robert 

1918  Hall.  Willis  & 
1922  Haskell,  Frank  H. 
1907  Hutchinaon,  Charles  U 
1907  Ingrabam,  Wm.  M. 
1907  Johnson,  Charles  F. 
1907  Knowlton,  William  J. 


^31 


laion) 

d 

I. 

J. 
I 

"Hold 
luett 


!. 


vd 


938 


AMERICAN   BAR  ASSOCIATION. 


B4ltlmo(re  (B«ltiiD<M) 
OontM 

1918  Ifendels,  Solomon 

1914  Merriken,  Charles  L. 

1918  Meyer,  Lee  S. 

1914  Miehling,  Edwwd 

1916  Morflt,  Mason  P. 

1916  Morrow,  Chester. F. 

1911  Moses,  Jacob  M. 

1914  Mullen,  James  Morflt 

1918  Mullikin,  Addison  E. 

1914  Murphy,  John  L.  V. 

1918  New,  Jacob  S. 
1916  Nice,  Harry  Whinna 
1904  Niles,  Alfred  a 
1914  Nitzel,  Henry  M. 

1919  Ober,  Frank  B. 

1911  O'Brien,  WiUiam  J.,  Jr. 

1911  O'Dunne,  Eugene 

1914  Packard,  Joseph 

1922  Parker,  W.  Ainsworth 

1919  Paterson,  John  G. 

1914  Pearre,  Aubrey,  Jr. 

1919  Perlman,  Philip  B. 
1918  Piper,  James 

1918  Pirscher,  William  F. 

1918  Poe,  Edgar  Allan 

1910  Pratt,  James  R. 

1920  Raddiffe,  George  L. 

1915  Randall,  Daniel  R. 
1918  Rawls,  William  L. 

1911  Rich,  Edward  N. 
1914  Richardson,  John  H. 

1916  Riggs,  Laurie  H. 
1911  Rose,  John  O. 
1916  Rosenbush,  Myer 
1914  Sadtler,  Howard  P. 
1918  Sanford,  John  L. 

1911  Sappington,   Augustine 

De  R. 

1914  Sappington,  Edward  H. 

1911  Sappington,  O.  Ridgely 

1913  Sauerwein,  E.  Allan,  Jr. 
1918  Semmes,  J.  E.,  Jr. 

1914  Shriyer,  Alfred  J. 
1916  Shriver,  Mark  0.,  Jr. 
1918  Singley,  Frederick  J. 
1914  Skeen.  John  Henry 

1913  Slingluff,  Jesse 
1911  Slingluff,  R.  Lee 
1922  Smith,  Q.  Tyler 

1916  Smith,  Horton  S. 

1917  Smith,  R.  Marsden 
1917  Smith,  Richard  Wallace 
1916  Smith,  W.  Conwell 

1914  Snowden,  Wilton,  Jr. 
1913  Soper,  Morris  A. 

1921  Sparks,  Laban 


KABTLAVD 

Baltimore  (Baltimora) 
Cont'd 

1916  SUntoD,  Robert  F. 

1914  Stein,  Charles  F. 

1916  Stockbridge.  Enos  S. 

1900  Stockbridge,  Henry 
1914  Stuart,  Albert  R. 
1907  Surratt,  William  H. 
1919  Sykes,  Archibald 
1918  Tall,  Webster  C. 

1911  Taylor,  Archibald  H. 

1912  Thom,  J.  Pembroke 
1916  Tiffany,  Herbert  T. 
1907  Tippett,  Richard  B. 
1914  Trippe,  James  McO. 

1918  Tucker,  John  T. 
1916  Tyson,  A.  Morris 
1914  Warfleld,  F.  Howard 
1893  Waten,  J.  S.  T. 
1911  Wattenscheidt,  C.  R. 
1914  Watts,  Philip  B. 
1914  Wheltle,  John  B.   A. 
1914  Williams,  George  Weems 

1901  WillUras,  Henry  W. 
1914  Williams,  Raymond  S. 
1921  Willis,  Luther  M.  R. 
1916  Wright,  J.  Purdon 

1919  Yost,  George  S. 

Bel  Air  (Harford) 

1916  Carver,  Harry  S. 

1914  Close,  Philip  H. 

1921  Harlan,  William  H. 

'1&21  Preston,  Walter  W. 

1911  Robinson,  Thomas  U. 

1921  Webster,  Edwin  H. 

1896  Williams,  S.  A. 

Beltsville   (Prince  Georges) 
1914    Beall,  Fillmore 

Cambridge  (Dorchester) 

1913  Pattison,  John  R. 

Centreyllle  (Queen  Annee) 
1916    Legg,  J.  H.  C. 

Chestertown  (Kent) 

1921  Barroll,  Hope  H. 

Chevy  Chase  (Montgomery) 

1922  Sullivan,    William  C. 

OhiUum  (Prince  Georges) 
1916    Ray,  J.  Enos,  Jr. 

Oriifleld  (Somerset) 
1921    Robins,  John  B. 


Cnmberlaiid  (AUegany) 

1908  Boyd,  A.  Hunter        0 

1914  Capper,  Walter  a 

1902  Devecmon,    William   C. 

1902  Doub,  Albert  A. 

1921  McMuUen,  Hugh  A.,  Jr. 

1914  MacDonald,  Robert 

1914  Pearre,  George  A. 

1921  Somerville,  Wm.   M. 
1914  Whiting,  F.  Brooke 

1911  Williams,  Ferdinand 

Denton  (Caroline) 

1905    Goldsboroagh,  T.   Alan 
1914    Owens,   Fred  R. 

Eaiton  (Talbot) 

1^    Adkins,  William  H. 
1916    Shehan,   Wm.   Mason 

Blkton  (Cecil) 

1914    McCuUough,  Heniy  M. 
1916    Squier,  James  W. 

SlUoott  City  (Howard) 

1916    Clark,  James 

1920  Donovan,  Joseph  L. 

Frederick    (Frederick) 

1912  HamweU,  Frederick  W. 
1911    Umer,  Hammond 

Froitburg  (Allegany) 
1901    Pumell,  Clayton 

Garrett  Park  (Montgomery) 

1918  Brown,  Walter  N. 

Oarriion  (Baltimore) 
1914    McLane,  Allan 

Oreeniboro   (Caroline) 

1922  Goldsborough,   W.    Laird 

Eagerstown  (Washington) 

1921  Brindel,   Harry 
1921  Harshman,  J.  Llo}-d 
1921  Raylor,  Omer  T. 
1921  Keedy,  Henry  H.,  Jr. 
1916  Long,  Albert  J. 

1919  McGauley,  Robert  H. 
1914    Mason,  J.  Auguatine 
1921    Stonebraker,  Levin 

Havre  De  Grace  (Haifoid) 
1916    Fahey,  Micted  H. 


^ 


I 


934 


AMEBICAN    BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


Botton  (Suffolk)  Oont'd 

1018  Outsy,  John  H. 

1014  OtTtnagh,  James  F. 

1016  Ohamberlin,  Lafayette  B. 

mx  Chandler,  Albert  Ifinot 

1880  Chandler,   Alfred  D. 

1011  Channing,  Heory  Morse 

1022  Chapin,  E.  Barton 

1016  Charak,  William 

1010  Ghaae,   Frederic  H. 

1018  Chaae,  Herbert  M. 

1010  Child,  Samuel  M. 

1018  Choat«,  Charles  F.,  Jr. 

1018  Church,  Elliott  Bradford 

1016  Clapp,  dift  Sogers 
1006  Clark,  Chester  W. 
1801  Clark,  I.  B. 

1017  Clark,  James  N. 

1011  Clark,  Ljrman  K. 
1011  Clarke,  Arthur  F. 
1006  Coakley,  Daniel  H. 
1011  Ooale,  George  O.  O. 

1010  Codman,  Julian 

1011  Cohen,  Abraham  K. 

1021  Cohen,  Franklin  M. 

1010  Coit,  George  Chandler 

1022  Coleman,  Greta  C. 

1011  Colt,  James  D. 

1016  Comins,  Danforth  W. 

1010  Oomstock,  A.  Barr 

1021  Conry,  Joseph  A. 

1021  Cook.  Bobert  A.  B. 
1016  Ooolidge,  Harold  J. 
1801  Coolidge,  William  H. 
mi  Corbett,  Joseph  J. 

1018  Corcoran,   Declan  W. 

1010  Comeau,  Barton  • 
1801  Cotter,  James  E. 

1011  Cox,  Guy  W. 
1016  Cronan,  John  F. 

1011  Ctosbj,  J.  Porter 
1010  Crowley,  John  E. 
1801  Cunningham,  Frederic 

1022  Curtis,  Charles  P.,  Jr. 
1022  Cushing,  Gewge  If. 
1018  Gushing,   Grafton    D. 
1010  Cushman,   Henry  O. 
1010  Cushman,  Bobert 

1012  Cusick,  John  F. 

1010  Cutler,  George  C,  Jr. 
1081  Daly,  Edwar  J  G. 

1021  Dane,  Wslter  A. 

1011  Darling,  Charles  K. 
1011  Davenport,  Charles  M. 
1016  Davis,   Charles  Thornton 
1011  Davis,  Harold  8. 

1011  Davis,   Harrison  M. 

1018  DaviSi  Samud 


MAStAOSVBETTS 
Boiton   (Suffolk)  Cont'd 

1010  Dealtry,  Clarence  W. 

1011  Dean,  Josiah  8. 
1016  Dean,  Paul  Dudley 
1010  DeOourcy,  Charles  A. 

1010  Denio,  F.   Winchester 
1006  Dennison,  Jos.   A. 
1018  Devlin,   James  H. 

1912  Dexter,  Philip 

1910  Dickerman,  Frank  E. 
1018  Dickinson,  Charles 

1913  Dickson,  George  C. 
1887  Dillawsy,  W.  E.  L. 
1801  Dodge,   Frederic 

1011  Dodge.   Bobert  G. 
1021  Dolan,  Harry  F.  B. 
1016  Donahue,   Joseph   Joyce 

1012  Donald,   Malcolm 

1010  Dorr,  Dudley  H. 
1916  Dorsey,  James  A. 
1012  Dowse,  William  B.  H. 

1914  Dunbar,  Balph  W. 

1011  Dunbar,   William  H. 
1018  Dunn,  Henry  W. 
1018  Earoes,  Burton  E. 

1010  Eaton,  Frederick  W. 
1021  Ehrlich,  Harry  E. 
1021  Ehrmann,  Herbert  B. 

1911  Elder,   Charles  R. 
1016  Eldredge,  Clarence  F. 
1018  Eliot,  Amory 

1911  Ellis,  David  A. 

1016  Ells,  John  H. 

1016  Emerson,  A.  Silver 

1014  Emery,  Frederick  L. 

1016  Endicott,  William  C. 

1011  Ensign,  Charles  S.,  Jr. 
1918  Everts,  William  P. 
1918  Fagan,  Joseph  P. 

1921  Fahey,  llichael  L. 
1911  Farley,   John  Wells 
1911  Famham,  Frank  A. 
1916  Farrer,  J.  Arnold 

1918  Feeney,  John  P. 

1919  Feinberg,  Philip  J. 
1911  Fcrber,  J.  Bernard 
1916  Ferdinand,  Arthur  G. 

1922  Femald,  Fred  A. 
1919  Fickett,  Balph  S. 
1916  Field,  Elias 

1911  Field,  Fred  T. 

1017  Fischer,  Frederic  L. 
1021  Pish,   Erland   F. 
1886  Fish,  Frederick  P. 
1010  Fitzgerald,   Wm.   T.   A. 

1010  Flaherty,  William 

1011  Flint,  Albert  F. 
1014  Fopiano,  Albert  B. 


BMtoB  (Suffolk)  Oont'd 

1010  Forbush,  Frank  M. 

1016  Ford,  Lawrence  A. 

1021  Vortt,  Felix 

1010  Fosdick,  Frederick  W. 

1801  Foster,  Alfred  D. 

lOU  Foster,  Frederick 

1881  Foster.  Reginald 

1016  Foster,  Walter  H. 

1010  Fboc,  Isfdor 

1904  French,  Asa  P. 

ion  Friedman,  Lee  Max 

1081  VYost,  Donald  McKay 

UIO  Ftart,  Bobert  W. 

1S16  F^oChingham,    Bandolpb 

1910  GarceloB,  Alonao  H. 

1911  OaroeKm,  Wm.  P. 

1010  Gardiner.  Bobert  H.,  Jr. 

1018  GaHleld,  IrHn  McD. 

1014  Garland.  Fnmds  P. 

1010  Gary,  Flank  B.  & 

1016  Gaston,   William   A. 

ion  Gcrstetai,  Carl 

1918  Gloag,  Balph  W. 

1911  Goodale,  Francis  O. 

1921  Goodhue,  L.  Oishing 

1911  Goodwin,  Bobert  K. 

1010  Goulston,  Edward  8. 

1016  Grabill,  Ethelbert  T. 

1010  Grant,    Alexander  O. 

1017  Grant,  <3eorge  B. 
1028  Grant,  Bobert 

1011  Grant,  Walter  B. 

1018  Orausteln,  Archibald  R. 
1016  Gray,  Morris 

1016  Gray,  Roland 

1081  Green,  Louis  L. 

1016  Grimes,  James  W. 

1007  Grinnell,    Prank   W. 

1010  Oriswold,  Merrill 
1921  Guild,  Horace 
1911  Hadley,  Eugene  J. 
1904  Hale,  Richard  W. 
1916  Hall,  Alfred  S. 

1011  Hall,  Damon  E. 
1011  Hall,  F.  Rockwood 
1910  Hall,  Martin  T. 

1010  Hall,  William  S. 

1011  Halloran.  James  Ambrose 
1011  Hallowell,  J.  Mott 

1007  Hannlgan,  John  S. 

1016  Harris,  Samuel  T. 

1010  Haskell.  Harold  C. 

1011  Raskins,    David    Orecne. 

Jr. 

1081  Hatton,  James  A. 

1018  Hiyden,  A.  F. 

1011  Heard,  Nathan 


STATE  LIST  OF   MEMBERS  BY   CITIES  AND  TOWNS. 


935 


BMton   (Suffolk)  OontM 

1878  Hemenwajf  Alfred 

1914  Hendricks,  Philip  A. 
1919  Herr,  Henry  p. 

1915  Herrick,   Robert  F. 
1911  Hiffbt,  Olarence   Albert 
1904  Hill,  Arthur  Debon 
1911  HiU,  Donald  Mackay 
1919  Hill,  Luther 

1911  Hills,  George  E. 

1911  Hitchcock,  Wm.  Harold 

1911  Hoague,  Theodore 

1922  Hoar,  Samuel 

1980  Hodgdon,  Waldo  Colbum 

1918  Hodf  ea,  George  C. 
1911  Holland,  Bert  E. 
19K1  Holmes,  Hector  IL 
1S19  Holmes,  Sybil  H. 

1919  Holt,  Robert  H. 
19U  Homans,  Robert 
1919  Hooper,  James  M. 
1911  Hooper,  8.   Henry 
1919  BbrbUt,  Mark  M. 
1911  Horn,  Everett  B. 

1916  Hubbard,  Paul  If. 
1911  Hughes,  John  T. 
1921  Hunt,  Thomas 

1898  Hnrlbutt,  Heniy  F. 

1919  Hurlbutt,  Henry  F.,  Jr. 

1919  Burwitx,  Samuel 

19C9  Hutchings,  Henry  M. 

1919  Hutchios,  Edward 

19U  Hntchins,  Edward  W. 

1904  Innea,  Charles  H. 

1919  iTes,  Frederick  M. 

1919  Jackson,  James  F. 

1921  Jackson,  William  K. 

1919  Jacobs,  Joseph  B. 

1911  Jaooto,  PhiUp  W. 

1910  James,  EUerton 

1919  Jenney,  Charles  F. 

1910  Jenney,  Edwin  C. 

1918  Johnson,  Arthur  T. 
1891  Johnson,  Benjamin  N. 
1990  Johnson,  Kelvin  M. 

1911  Johnson,  Reginald  H. 

1919  Johnston,  Richard  E. 
1919  Jones,  John  C,  Jr. 
1918  Jones,   Matt   B. 

1911  Jones,  Nathaniel  N. 

1907  Jones,  Stephen  R. 

1911  Jordan,  Michael  J. 

19U  Joslin,  Ralph  Edgar 

1910  Kaplan,  Jacob  J. 

1918  Keating,  Cornelius  F. 

1911  Keating,  Patrick  M. 

1919  Xcefe,  Joseph  P. 
1891  KeUen,  William  V. 


KAB8A0H1f8STT8 

Boston  (Suffolk)  Cont'd 

1911  Kelley,  James  Edward 

1921  Kelly,  Joseph  O. 

1911  Kelly,  Tliomas 

1910  Kelly,  William  J. 
1919  Keniston,  Davis  B. 

1911  Kenny,  Thomas  J. 
1919  Ketchum,  Phillips 
1911  Kimball,  George  Everett 
1921  King,  Hervey  W. 

1919  King,  Stanley 

1919  Kneeland,  William  A. 

1914  Knight,  Henry  P. 

1914  Knowlton,  Frank  W. 

1909  Krauthoff,  Edwin  A. 

1916  Lanning,  Charles  D. 

1921  Lavelle,  Frank  A. 

1921  Lawrence,   George   Chan- 

ning 

1919  Lawrence,    Van    Court- 

landt 

1911  Lawton,  Frederick 

1911  Leveroni,  Frank 

1907  Lewenberg,   Solomon 

1916  Lewis,  Paul  Murray 

1911  Uwia,  William  H. 

1916  Light,  Robert  W. 

1913  Lincoln,  Albert  L. 
1911  Lincoln,  Alexander 
1919  Unscott,  Daniel  C. 
1911  Linscott,  Frank  K. 
1921  Little,  Albert  E. 
1911  Little,    Amos    R. 
1921  Loomis,  Elihu  O. 
1911  Lord,  Arthur 

1916  Loring,  A.  P. 

1911  Loring,  Victor  J. 

1918  Loring,  William  Caleb 
1911  Lothrop,     TlK>mton     K., 

Jr. 

1916  Lourie,  David  A« 

1914  Lourie,  Moses  S. 
1911  Lowell,  James  A. 
1904  Lowell,  John 
1921  Luce,  Robert 

1919  Lynde,  A.  Selwyn 
1921  Lyne,  Daniel  J. 
1911  McAnamey,  John  W. 

1918  McCallum,  William  Shaw 
1911  McClennen,  Edward  K. 
1907  McConnell,  James  E. 
1911  McDonough,,  Charles  A. 

1919  Mclntire,  Frederic  May 
1914  McLellan,  Hugh  D. 
1919  Maguire,  John  M. 

1918  Mahan,  Mary  Agnes 
1921  MaUey,  John  F. 

1919  Maloney,  David  J. 


BoitOB   (SuflSolk)  Cont'd 

1910  Maloney,  John  M. 

1914  Mansfield,  Frederick  W. 

1911  Marden,  Oscar  A. 
1919  Marshall,  Andrew 

1911  May,  Marcus  B. 
1919  Mayberry,  Lowell  A. 
1919  Maynard,  Robert  W. 
1919  Merriam,  John  M. 

1912  Metzler,  Curtis  G. 
1911  Michelman,  Joseph 
1921  Miller,  WiUUm  J. 
1916  Milliken,  Arthur  N. 
1919  MitcheU,  John  J. 

1918  Mitton,  Arthur  G. 

1921  Monk,  Wesley  E. 

1919  Montgomery,  Robert  H. 
1916  Morris,  Parker  D. 

1922  Morrison,  Barnard 
1922  Morrison.   Heniy  t 
1911  Morse,  William  A. 
1904  Morton,  Marcus 
1922  Motley,  J.  Lothrop 

1918  Motley,  Warren 

1911  Mowatt,  Frederick  W. 

1919  Muldoon,  Frederick  J. 
1921  Mulligan,  Henry  O. 
1916  Mttllin,  Francis  R. 
1911  Murchie,  Guy 

1921  Murphy,  John  R. 

1916  Murray,  Wendell  P. 

1919  Nash,  Frederick  H. 

1916  Nash,   Nathaniel  C.  Jr. 

1911  Nay,  Frank  N. 

1918  Neal,  John  F. 

1921  Nelson,  William 

1922  Nesmith,  Fisher  H. 
1911  Newell,  James  M. 

1919  Newton,  (Clarence  L. 

1918  Niccolls,  Francis  A. 

1921  Nichols,  John  R. 

1919  Nichols,  Philip 
1916  Noble,  John 

1918  Noble,  William  M. 
1911  Norwood,  C.  Augustus 
1904  Nutter,  Geo.  R. 

1018  O'Brien,  lliomaa  C. 

1915  O'Connell,  Daniel  T. 

1919  O'Coipell,  James  E. 
1911  O'Connell,  Joseph  F. 

1922  O'Donnell,  Frank  P. 
1911  Ogden,  Hugh  W. 
1906  Olmstead,  James  M. 
1918  O'Loughlin,  Patrick 
19n  Ong,  Eugene  W. 
1911  Osgood,  William  N. 
1918  Palmer,  Bradley  W. 
1922  Palmer,  Henry  W. 


936 


AKERICAN  BAB  A68O0IATION. 


Boftoa  (Suffolk)  Cont'd 

1004  Parker,  Herbert 

1911  Parker,  PhiUp  8. 

1922  Partridge,  Russell  O. 

1919  Patten,  Francis  B. 

1911  Peabody,  Francis 

1906  Pelletier,  Joseph  a 
1919  Perkins,  Charles  F. 

1911  Perkins.  Thomas  N. 
1918  Petitti,  Jerome  A. 

1907  Pevey,  Gilbert  A  A 

1912  Phipps,  George  V. 

1911  Pickering,     Henry    Qod- 
dard 

1918  Pickman,  Dudley  U,  Jr. 

1919  Pierce,  Charles  S. 
19ia  Pierce,  Edward  P- 
1919  Pike.  Addison  R. 
1919  Pinanski,  A.  E. 

1921  Pinkham,  Walter  Samuel 

1922  Power,  Clara  L. 

1921  Powers,  Leland 
1911  Powers,  Samuel  L. 
1916  Powers,  Walter 

1916  Proctor,  Joseph  O.,  Jr. 

1891  Proctor,  Thomas  W. 

1922  Pullen,   William  h. 
1916  Putnam,  F.  Delano 
1899  Putnam,  Wm.  L. 
1922  Quinby,  WilUam 

1909  Rackemann,  Charles  S. 

1911  Rackemann,  Felix 

1919  Ranney,  Dudley  P. 

1891  Ranney,  Fletcher 

1911  Raymond,  Robert  F. 

1921  Reading,  Arthur  K. 

1916  Rice,  Albert  W. 

1911  Rice,  John  C. 

1921  Rice,  William  C. 
1916  Rich,  Edgar  J. 
1911  Richards,  Albin  L. 

1918  Richardson,  Conrad  Pratt 

1922  Richardson,  John 

1918  Richardson,  John-S. 
1894  Richardson,  W.  K. 

1919  Richmond,  Harris  M. 
1916  Roberts,  Leonard  Q. 
1919  Roberts,  Odin 

1921  Rogerson,  Charles  M. 

1911  Rubenstein,  Philip 

1911  Buggies,  Daniel  B. 

1916  Russell,  Arthur  H. 

1911  Russell,  J.  Porter 

1916  Ryder,  R.  L. 

1919  Saltonstall,  Endicott  P. 

1911  SaltonsUU,  Richard  M. 

1916  Sampson,  Harry  Lc  Baron 

1919  Santry,  Arthur  J. 


XASSAOHirBEXTB 

Boston   (Suffolk)  Ck>nt*d 

1921  Sargent,  George  McC. 

1919  Savary,  E.  H. 

1921  Sawyer,  Meyer  J. 

1886  Scaife,  lAuriston  L. 

1921  Scannell,  J.  Frank 

1916  Schaefer,  Albert  A. 

1918  Schell,  William  L 

19U  Sears,  William  B. 

1918  Selfridge,  Arthur  J. 
1911  Shattuck,  Henry  Lee 
1921  Shea,  William  H. 

1919  She^an,  John  Louis 
1916  Sheenan,  Frederick  M.  J. 
1911  Sheldon,  Henry  H. 

1918  Sheldon,  Nelson  L. 
1906  Sherman,  Roland  H. 

1919  Shulman,  Charles 

1916  Sigilman,  Samuel 
1921  Silbert,  Coleman 
1911  Simpson,  Frank  Leslie 
1911  Slater,  John  S. 

1911  Smith,  Arthur  Thad 

1914  Smith,  Oirtis  Nye 

1910  Smith,  Fitz-Henry,  Jr. 

1921  Smith,  Herbert  U. 
1904  Smith,  Jeremiah,  Jr. 

1917  Smith,  Reginald  Hebcr 
1919  Snow,  Frederic  E. 

1911  Sohier,  William  D. 

1911  Sprague,  Charles  H. 

1913  Spring,  Romney 

1922  Stackpole,  J.  Lewis 
1922  Stackpole,  Pierpont  L. 

1912  Stebbins,  (Jharles  H. 

1918  Stem,   Frank 

1912  Stockton,  Howard,  Jr. 

1912  Stone,  Edward  C. 
1901  Stone,  Frederic  M. 

1919  Stone,  V.  Sidney 
1911  Stone,  Robert  B. 

1914  Stoneman,  David 

1921  Storey,  Charles  M. 
1881  Storey,  Moorfleld 
1911  Storey,  Richard  C. 
1914  Studley,  J.  Butler 

1922  Sturtevant,  Malcolm  E. 

1913  Sughrue,  Michael  J. 
1918  Sullivan,  John  A. 
1916  Sullivan,  John  B.,  Jr. 
1911  Sullivan,  William  6. 

1920  Summers,  Merle  G. 
1908  Swain,  Roger  Dyer 
1911  Sweetser,  George  A. 
1911  Swift,  James  Marcus 
1911  Taintor,  Giles 

1918  Talbot,  Edmund  H. 

1916  Taylor,  Amos  Leavltt 


Boston  (Suffolk)  ConVd 

1913  Taylor,  Edward  I. 
1919  Taylor,  Harold  J. 
1921  Taylor,  Joseph  D. 

1921  TSylor,  Warner  V. 
1916  Tiling,  Richard  & 

1918  Thompson,  Marshall  Put- 

nam 

1911  Thompson,  William  G. 

1911  Tisdale,  Archibald  R. 

1916  Towle,  William  W. 

1916  Tuller,  Willis  Norman 

1894  Tyler,  Charles  H. 

1911  lyier,  Marion  L. 

1911  Vahey,  James  H. 

1919  Vanderhoof,  Nelson  B. 

1908  Van  Everen,  Horace 
1911  Taughan,  Henry  G. 
1919  Von    Rosen  vinge,    flieo- 

dore 

1909  Voorhees,  Harvey  C. 
1911  Wakefield,  John  I^throp 
1919  Walcott,  Robert 

1919  Walker,  Nathaniel  V. 

1911  Wardner,  G.  Philip 

1916  Ware,  Henry 

1916  Warren,  Bentley  W. 

1922  Warren,  John  L. 
1916  Warren,  Joseph  F. 
1916  Wasserman,  Jacob 
1911  Waters,  Bertram  G. 
1922  Waters,  James  A. 
1911  Weed,  Alonzo  R. 
1921  Weiler,  Harriet 
1806  Wellman,  Arthur  H. 
1918  Wfells,  Wellington 
1891  Weston,  Robt  Dickson 

1911  Weston,  lliomas 

1918  Weybum,  Lyon 

1919  Wheeler,  Alexander 

1912  Wheeler,  Henry 

1896  Whipple,  Sherman  L. 

1919  White,  Alfred  B. 

1911  White,  Frank  Owen 

1911  Whiteside,  Alexander 

1916  Whittemore,  Henry  E. 
1911  Whittlesey,  John  J. 

1914  Wiggin,  JoRph 

1918  Wigglesworth,  G«oir8e 

1918  Wight,  Delano 

1919  Wightman,  George  W. 

1911  Wiles,  Thomas  L. 
1921  Wilkins,  Raymond  f«. 
1891  Williams,  David  W. 
1918  WUliams,  Fred  H. 
1921  Williams,  Harold,  Jr. 

1912  Williams,  Harold  P. 

1917  Williams,  Henry  M. 


Boiton  (Suffolk)  Cont'd 

19U  Wilaon,  Butler  R. 

1911  WilBon,  George  L. 

1921  Wimlow,  Henry  J. 

1921  Withington,  Lothrop 

1922  Wolcott,  Oliver 
1913  Wood,   Chandler  M. 
1906  WrightiDgtOD,   S.   R. 
1894  Wynian,  Henry  A. 
1916  Wyinan,  John  P. 
1919  Yont,  Alonso  E. 
^19  Young,  B.  L. 

1911    Young,  Stephen  E. 
1911    Youngman,  William  S. 

BridgewaUr  (Plymouth) 
1919   MacMaster,  Edward  A. 

BroektoB  (Plymouth)    ' 

1918  Calkins,  Oacar 

1922  Flagg.  Harry  W. 

1921  Fletcher,  Elmer  H. 

1911  King,  C.  Carroll 

1918  O'Reilly.  John  J. 

1921  Reed,  Clarence  C. 

1922  Reed.  Warren  A. 

1921  Rowe,    William    0. 

1922  Wilbar,  Winfleld  Mason 
1922    Willard,  Charles  O. 

BrookUna  (Norfolk) 

1911  Ayera,  Walter 

1916  Croaby.  A.  Morris 

1918  Fuller,  Samuel  A. 
1894  Roberts,  George  L. 

Cambridge  (Middlesex) 

1911    Adams,  Edward  B. 

1919  Fox,  Jabez 

1911  Frankfurter,   Felix 

1916  Hudson,  Manlfy  O. 

1922  Kingaley,  Rose 

1901  Pound.  RoBcoe 

1919  Scott,  Austin  W. 

1894  Wambsugh.  Eugene 

1913  Warren.  Edward  II. 

Cambridgeport  (Middhsex^ 
1916    Ela,  Richard 

OAmpello  (Plymouth) 
1922    Stephens,  Walter  F. 

Oheliea  (SufTolk) 
1916    BosBon,  Albert  D. 

OMoopM  FaUs  (Hampden) 
1913    Leiaer,  Andrew  A.,  Jr. 


1CA88A0B1J8BTT8 

Doroli«tt«r  (Suffolk) 

1916    Dlgney,  Charles  A. 
1916    Jennings,  Stephen  A. 

Eait  Lynn  (Essex) 
1911    Sisk,  James  H. 

Erarett  (Middlesex) 
1922    Spear,  Elmer  Ernest 

Fall  Kirer  (Bristol) 

1^19  Baker.  Charles  L. 

1909  Brayton,   Israel 

1919  BufBnton,  Harold  S.   R. 

19T9  Clarkin.  Harold  E. 

1911  Cummings,  Ciharles  R. 

1919  Cummings,  John   W. 

1919  Doherty.  Bernard  A. 

1911  Dubuque,  Hugo  A. 

1916  Grime.  George 

1921  Hanify.   Edward   F. 
1919  Hanson,  Fernald  L. 
1891  Jennings,  Andrew  J. 
1911  Lincoln.  Arba  N. 

1911  Morton,  James  M.,  Jr. 

1919  Morton,  James  M.,  Sr. 

1911  Pease,  Frank  Alvin 

1911  Phillips,    Arthur   S. 

1919  Ryan,  (Tharles  P. 

1919  Thurston,  Edward  A. 

1911  Wood,  L.  Elmer 

Fitohburg   (WorcL«ter) 

1922  Baker,  Emerson  W. 
1913    Casey,  Thomas 

1907  Gallagher,  Thomas  F. 

1922  Goodfellow,  Aubrey  Z. 

1916  Hudson,  Gardner  K. 

1911  Stiles,  James  A. 

1911  Ware,  Charles  Eliot 

Franklin  (Norfolk) 
1919    Doc,  Orestes  T. 

Oardner  (WorceHtcr) 
1913    Hoban,  Owen  A. 

Olonceiter  (Essex) 

1919  Buckley,  M.  Francis 

1920  Maclnnis,  William  J. 
1916  Merrill,  George  Frye 
1911  Russell,  Charles  A. 
1913  Simonds,  Lincoln  S. 
1913  Smith.  Charles  D. 
1918  Taft,  Edgar  S. 


Ot.  Barrlnrton  (Berkshire) 

1921  Collins,  A.  Chalkky 
1898  Giddings.  Ciharles 
1911  Joyner.  Herbert  O. 

1922  Joyner,  Herbert  Newton 

\      Oreenfleld  (Franklin) 

1920  Davenport,  William  A. 

1921  Greene,  Frederick  L. 

Haverhill  (Essex) 

1918    Barrett,  Wilbert  F. 

1913  Carlton,  Otis  J. 

1918  McCormick,  Richard  J. 

Holyoke  (Hampden) 

1921  Allyn,  Robert  A. 

1914  Avery.  Nathan  P. 
1921  Dillon,  William  T. 
1913  Green.  Addison  L. 
1913  O'Brien,  Thomas  D. 
1921  Orrell,  Arthur  E. 

Hopklnton  (Middlesex) 

1919  Bridges,  Eliza  W.  M. 

Hyannis  (Barnstable) 
1919    Morrill,  (Tharles  Sumner 

Lawrence  (Essex) 

1911  (Thamberlain,    Albert 

Henry 

1916  Goulson,  Walter 

1919  Eaton,  Fred  H. 

1916  Ford,  Edmond  John 

1921  Mahoney,  Cornelius  J. 
1913  Mahoney,  Jeremiah  F. 
1916  Rowell,  Wilbur  E. 

Lenox  (Berkshire) 
1919    Broderick,  Cornelius  J. 

Leominiter  (Worcester) 

1919  Dyer.  James  H.  P. 

1922  Freeman,  Franklin 
1913  Healey,  J.  Ward 
1919  Hull,  John  C. 

Lexington   (Middlesex) 
189r>    Clapp.  Robert  P. 

Littleton  (Middlesex) 
1919    Sanderson,  (}eorge  A. 


938 


AMERICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


Lowtll  (Middlesex) 

1911  Fither,  Frederic  A. 

1921  Ooldman,  Frank 

1922  Harvey,  John  J. 
1916  Hill,  Jamei  Gilbert 
1922  Hogan,  William  A. 

1921  Howard,  Albert  B. 

1918  Leggat,  John  C. 

1922  Mclntire,  Charles  U. 

1912  Marble,  Frederick  P. 

1913  Pearson,  Gardner  W. 
1904  Pickman,  John  J. 
1916  Regan,  William  D. 
1891  Sawyer,  Alfred  P. 
1911  Wier,  Frederick  N. 
1921  Wilson,  William  H. 

Lyim  (Essex) 

1919  Bowen,  H.  Ashley 
1918  Dorman,  William  E. 
1913  O'Brien,  Edward  B. 
1911  Sullivan,  James  W. 

Maldeii  (Middleaex) 

1911  Bruce,  Charles  M. 

1891  Fall,  George  Howard 

1916  Riley,  Thomas  P. 

1921  Schofleld,  Emma  Fall 

Manohtitar  (Essex) 
1918    Willmonton,  George  K. 

Madford  (Middlesex) 
1911    Wait,  Wm.  Gushing 

MlddUborQ  (Plymouth) 

1921  Stetson,  George  W. 
1916    Washburn,  Nathan 

Milford  (Worcester) 

1922  Gould,  (}harles  W. 
1918    Williams,  Wendell 

Nantucket  (Nantuckpt) 
1922    Johnson,   H.    Linsley 

New  Bedford  (Bristol) 

1921  Bamet,  Philip 

1921  Bamet,    Samuel 

1921  Bentley,  Samuel  K. 

1921  BrifnpB,  Justus  A..  Jr. 

1916  Clifford,  John  H. 

1921  Connor,  Charles  C. 

1911  Ox>k,   Otia  Seabury 

1911  Doran,  James  P. 

1916  Gardiner,  George  N. 


New  B«dferd  (Bristol)  Cont'd 

1918  Gauthier,  Joeeph  A. 

1911  Goodspeed,    Alex   McLel- 
lan 

1911  Hitch,  Mayhew  R. 
1921  Kenney,  Joeeph  T. 
1921  Lider,  Harry  A. 
1921  Lowney,  John  B. 
1921  Milliken,  Allen  W. 
1916  Milliken,  Frank  A. 
1918  Mitchell,  C?harles 
1916  Prescott,  Oliver 
1921  Rosenberg,  Solomon 

Newburyport  (Essex) 

1912  Foes,  Ernest 

NewtoB    Oeiiter    (Middlesex) 

1911    Bishop,  Ellas  B. 

1918  Bowman,  Harold  M. 

Newton   HighUnds   (Middle- 
sex) 

1907  Rows,  William  V. 

Nerth  Adami  (Berkshire) 

1919  Dryedale,  Hugh  P. 

Northampton    (Hampshire) 

1921  Addis,  Albert  E. 

1908  Irwin,   Richard  Wm. 
1911  Mason,  John  W. 
1921  Stevens,  Walter  L. 

Peabody   (Essex) 

1919    Fay,  William  H. 
1918    Powell,  Charles  J. 

Pittlftdld  (Berkshire) 

1904  Crosby.  John  C. 

1911  Eisner,  Michael  L. 

1921  Lewis,  Joseph  W. 

1921  McMahon,  Joseph  M. 

1911  Noxon,  John  F. 

1912  Prediger,  George  A. 

1918  Rosenthal,  James  M. 
1904    Slocum,  Edward  T. 
1912    Warner,  Milton  B. 

Plymouth   (Plymouth) 

1922  Oollingwood,  Morton 

ProTlnoetown    (Barnstable) 

1919  Welch,  Walter 


SooUaad  (Plymouth) 
1919    Rioe,  David  Perry 

Salom  (Essex) 

1911    Sears,  (George  B. 
1918    Sullivan,  M.  L. 

Boutlibridfe  (Worcester) 

1918  Montague,  Henry  B. 
1922    Rieutord,   Louis  O. 

South  Pramlngham  ( Middle - 
•ex) 

1801    Adams,   Walter 
1911    Dexter,  Joseph  P. 

Bprln^eld  (Hampden) 

1921  Allen.  Horace  E. 

1919  Bacon,  George  A. 
1921  Baldwin,  WilUam   V. 
1916  Beckwith,  Charlea  H, 

1918  Rid  well,  Raymond  A. 

1911  Bosworth,  Charles  Wildei 
1913  Brownson,  Wendell  G. 
1921  Buzzell,  Harry   A. 

1912  Carroll.  James  -B. 

1919  Crook,  Douglas 
1916  Dearborn,  Josiah 
1921  Ehrlich,  Harr>-  M. 

1918  Ely,  Joseph  B. 

1919  Gordon,  Gurdon  W. 
1921  Giay,  J.  L^-man 
1921  Hoar,  David  B. 

1921  Kennett.  Frederick  A. 

1921  Rerigan,  Joseph  E. 

1911  King,  Heniy  A. 

1911  I^asker,  Henry 

1921    McClintock,  Edward  A. 

1912  RobsoD,  Stuart  M. 
1911    Stone,  Willmore  B, 

Btoneham   (Middlesex) 

1921    Richardson,    Herbert    H 
1916    Stevens,  W.  B. 

Tauaton  (Bristol) 

1911    Hall,  Frederick  S-. 

1918    Swig,   Louis 

1918    Woods,  William  S. 

Yineyard  HaTon  0>ukca) 
1907    Webb,  Willoughby  L. 

WalM 

in?    Needham,    Henry   Chap- 
man 


J 


940 


AMERICAN    BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


Detroit  (Wayne)  Cont'd 

1920  Bems,  Jullui  L. 

1022  Bigelow,  Horace  W. 

192a  Bigelow,    Nelaon    Calvin 

1806  Biasell.  John  H. 

1021  Blair,  Robert  W. 

1920  Bowles,   Oharles 

1020  Brand,  George  E. 

1920  Braun,  Max  M. 

1009  Brownaon,  Robert  M. 
1011  Bulkley,  Harry  C. 

1020  Bums,   Robert  Hamilton 

1021  Oidy,  Wm.  B. 
1020  Gale,  Philip  H. 

1020  Oallender»    Sherman    D. 

1805  Campbell,  Charles  H. 

1806  Campbell,  Henry  M. 
1020  Carey,  Archibald 

1020  Carney,   Charles  F. 
1000  Carpenter,  William  L. 

1021  Carter,  O.  Lewis 
1020  Cassidy,  Daniel  P. 

1022  Chadwick.  William  Clin- 

ton 

1020  Chawke,  Thomas  F. 

1000  Clark.  Joseph  H. 

1020  Clarkaon,  Eugene  S. 

1021  Oohane,  Louis 

1022  Cole,  Ben  H. 
1020  Cook,  Frank  C. 
1900  Corliss,  John  B. 
1020  Cornelius,   Asher  L. 
1020  Coulaon,  Charles  L. 
1020  Coulter,  Clark  C. 
1020  Crawford,  Mflo  H. 
1020  Cross,  John  G. 
1020  Cullen,   James  H. 
1920  Dalton,    Robert   M. 
1020  Danhof,  John  J.,  Jr. 
1920  Davidow,    Lazarus  8. 
1920  Day,  Thomas  W. 
1020  Doetsch,   Felix  A. 
1020  Doland,  Theresa 
1011  Donnelly,  John  C. 
1000  Douglas,  Samuel  T. 
1020  Doyle,  Sidney  E. 
1922  Dreifuss,  Leon 

1922  Dreifuss,  Maurice 

1920  Dunn,   John   Gilbert 

1920  Dye,  Fred 

1920  Eaman,  Frank  D. 

1022  Emmons,   Harold  Hunter 

1013  England,  Howell  S. 

1920  Essery,  Carl  Vanstone 

1020  Faust,  John 

1010  Finkelston,  Max  H. 
1016  Fitspatrick,    William 

Geo. 


MZOBieAV 
Detroit  (Wayne)  Oont'd 

1020  Fixel,  Rowland  W. 

1020  Foster,  Orville  H.,  Jr. 

1022  Friedman,  William 

1020  Fuller,  Ernest  Michael 

1018  Gaflll,  John  J.,  Jr. 

1020  Gallagher,  William  Henry 

1910  Gittins,  Clarence  E. 

1020  Ctoldie,  J.  H. 

1020  Gordon,  Clifton  Dewitt 

1900  Graves,  Henry  B. 

1900  Gray,  William  J. 

1020  Grece,  Edward  8. 

1918  GrifBn,  William  J. 

1011  Groesbeck,  Alex.  J. 

1020  Grose,  Percy  W. 

1021  Hanley,  Stewart 

1909  Harward,  Frederic  T. 

1920  Healy,  C.  Walter 

1920  Helfman,  Harry 

1920  Hetchler,  Albert  J. 
1916  Hicks,  Arthur  P. 

1921  Hill,  Sherwin  A. 

1920  Hughes,    Ben    Chapoton 

1921  Hulett,  Max 
1920  Hull,  Oscar  0. 

1920  Hutchins,  Paul  Vincent 
1806  January,  William  L. 
1009  Jones,  Arthur 

1915  Joslyn,  Lee  E.  ' 

1921  Kahn,  Max 

1920  Keidan,  Harry  B. 

1920  Kelly,  Raymond  J. 

1920  Kennary,  J.  Shurly 
1020  Rilpatrick,  Arthur  W. 

1022  King,  Paul  H. 
1909  Lacy,  Arthur  J. 

1921  Lamphere,  Allen  L. 

1915  Ledyard,  Henry 
1920  Lee,  Benedict  H. 
1920  Lee,  James  Henderson 

1916  Leete,  Thomas  T. 

1920  Levin,  Isadorc 

1921  Liddy,  Ralph  W. 
1805  Lightner.  Clarence  A. 
1920  Lindley,  Adelhert  U. 
1920  Long,  Ir^  in 

1920  Lovejoy,  Earl 

1920  Lovequest,  George  II. 

1920  Lucking,  Alfred 

1915  Lucking,  William 

1906  Lyster,  Henry  L. 

1900  McHugh,  Philip  A. 

1020  McKay,  John  D. 

1020  McKinlay,  John  F. 

1920  McKinney,   W.    Ha>-es 

1921  Maiulle,   Anthony 
1920  Mann,  Charles  L. 


D«tf«tt  (Wayne)  Oont'd 

1020  Masters,  Alfred  O. 

1921  Maurer,  Henry  R. 
1920  Meder.  Albert  E. 
1920  Mertx,  William  K 

1922  Meyler,  Charles  P. 
1920  Milbiim,  Elmer  R. 
1900  Miller,  Sidney  T. 
1909  Millis,  Wade 

1920  Milotte,  John  A. 

1920  Mistersky,  Eugene  L. 

1920  Mohn,  Elmer  John 

1912  Moody,  Paul  B. 

1920  Moore,  Thomas  B. 

1920  Morgan,  Ira  F. 

1920  Moynihan,  Joseph  A. 

1920  Murfbi,  James  O. 
1010  Murphy,  George  B. 

1020  Murphy,  Thomas  P. 

1021  Newman,  Julius  Austen 
1020  Newton;  Durbin 

1918  Nlcol,  Henry  G. 

1921  Nutten,  Wesley  L. 
1914  O'Brien,  M.  Hubert 
1009  Oxtoby,  James  V. 
1009  Oxtoby,  Walter  E. 
1914  Page],  B.   S. 

1900  Palmer,  Jonathan,  Jr. 

1912  Parker,   Ralzemond  A. 

1921  Paterson,  Maurice  F. 

1920  Payne,  Thomas  W. 

1920  Perry,  George  B. 

1018  Perry,  Judson  M. 

1018  PhUlips,  Walter 

1920  Pokoray*  Edward 

1921  Prentis,  George  H. 

1920  Primeau,  Joseph  H..  Jr. 

1921  Primrose,  J.  Lawrence 

1920  Radford,  Fritz  L. 

1921  Rich,  Edwsrd  A. 
1921  Ring,  Van  H. 

1921  Riopelle,  Oscar  A. 
1920  Roberts,   Henry   Hueitt 
1886  Robson,  Frank  E. 

1920  Rogers,  Edward  H. 

1922  Rosenbusch,  Otto   F. 
1920  Ruby,  Joseph  L. 
1920  Rumroel,  Henry  C. 
1917  Sayres.  William  S.,  Jr. 
1920  Scallen,  John  P. 

1920  Seaborg,  Heniy  P. 

1921  fibepherd.  Hugh 
1920  Shiek,  William  U. 
1920  Shier,  Samuel  W. 
1920  Sbimans,  Samuel 
1920  Sibley,  Frank  C. 

1920  Sleeper,    Harold    Alanaon 

1920  Sloan,  John  J. 


tJ^JM,AMM 


KT*:         JBk. 


\/A.&A'4aM7      'A-is^  a^      .^vr  I*  a.^  t,^a 


Detroit  (Wayne)  Cont'd 

1908  Sloman,  Adolph 
1821  Sloman,  Edmund  M. 

1920  Sraflansky,  Maurice  D. 
1922  Smith,  FVank  Day 
1912  Smith,  Hal.  H. 

1921  Stafford,  Edmund  J. 
1980  Stem,  Milford 

1900  Stoddard,  EUiott  J. 

1920  Streeter,  Howard 

1980  Sward,  Francis  L. 

1917  Taylor,  Orla  B. 

1980  Tinkham,  Matthew  H. 

1915  Trevor,  Walter  M. 

1980  Turner,  James 

1918  Tattle,  Arthur  J. 

1916  Van  Dyke,  William 

1919  Wallace,  Donald  A. 
1915  Walling,  Eugene  A. 

1918  Walters,  Henry  C. 

1981  Ward,  Frederick  J. 
1914  Weadock,  Bernard  F. 

1919  Weadock,  Paul 

1880  Weadock,  Thoe.  A.  E. 

1920  Weaver,  Ronald  Race 
1918  Welsh,  Charles  F. 
1080  Wheat,  Renville 

1918  Whittemore,  Laurence  J. 

1921  Wicker,  Seth  J. 
1920  Wilcox,  Clarence  B. 
1920  Wilds,  Harvey  B.  M. 

1920  Wilkinson,  Ralph  B. 
1980  WlUiams,  Samuel  R. 

1921  Winston,  Harry  L. 
1920  Wismer,  Otto  G. 
1900  Woodruff,  Charles  M. 
1900  Wurxcr,  F.  Henry 
1900  WuTzer,  Louis  C. 

1909  Yerkes,  George  B. 
1920  Tokom,  Ford  M. 

DowAfteo  (Caas) 

1020  Hendryx,  Coy  W. 

1920  Lalbg,  E.   Bruce 

East  Lanaing  (Ingham) 

1020  Potter.  William  W. 

Baoanaba  (Delta) 

1920  Baker,  James  C. 

1912  Ryall,  Arthur  H. 

1920  Strom,  Tdrval  E. 
1912  Telland,  Judd 

Flint  (Genesaee) 

1900  Carton,  John  J. 

1928  Cook,  George  M. 

1921  Oanlt,  Hany  O. 


MZOHIOAV 

Flint  (Oeneasee)  Cont'd 

1920    McTaggarty  David  L. 

1020  Travis,  De  Hull  N. 

1922    Van  Benachoten,  Charles 
M. 

eiadatona  (Delta) 
1916   Empaon,  G.  R. 

Grand  Kaven  (Ottawa) 
^80    Osterhous,  Louis  H. 

Grand  Bapida  (Kent) 

1980  Amberg,  Julius  H. 

1902  Bamett,  James  F. 

1912  Boltwood,  Lucius 

1912  Campbell,  James  H. 

1980  Carpenter,  Eugene 

1914  Clapperton,  George 

1021  Cleland,  Rolland  J. 
1806  Denison,  Arthur  C. 

1920  Hall,  Clare  J. 

1921  Harrington,  Leon  W. 

1919  Johnson,  Edgar  H. 
1891  Keeney,  Willard  F. 
1896  Knappen,  Loyal  E. 
1009  Knappen,  Stuart  E. 

1915  McDonald,  John  S. 
1921  McPheraon,  Charles 
1912  Maher.  Edgar  A. 

1916  Maynard,  Fred  A. 
1906  Norris.   Mark 

1886  O'Brien,  Thomas  J. 

1921  Raymond,  Fred  M. 

1916  Renihan,  Joseph 

1921  Rice,  Cyrus  W. 

1921  Schurts,  Shelby  B. 

1918  Sessions,  C.  W. 

1900  Taggart,  Ganson 

1916  Travis,  Philip  H. 

1921  Ward,  M.  Thomas 

1914  Warner,  David  A. 

1898  Wolf,  GusUve  A. 

Grayling  (Crawford) 
1921    Fitch,  Homer  L. 

Graenyllla  (Montcalm) 

1920  Griswold,  N.  O. 

Hastinga  (Barry) 

1921  (X>lgrove,  Philip  T. 

Highland  Park  (Wayne) 

1920    Curtis,  Harry  K. 
1920    Rankin,  William  A. 


HtUadala  (Hilladale) 

1022    Chase,  Paul  W. 
1922    Fitapatrick,  Merton 
1921    Grommon,  Wilbur  D. 

Holland  (OtUwa) 
1918    Robinson,  Thomas  N. 

Honghton   (Houghton) 

1921    O'Brien.  P.  H. 
1909    Rees,  Allen  F. 

1916  Robinson,  Deen  L. 

1921  Schulte,  Harold  G. 
1911    Stone.  John  G. 
1913    Wieder,  Herman  A. 

Ionia  (Ionia) 

1920    Mathews,  Glenn  D. 

1922  Nichols,  George  E. 

Iron  Kiver  (Iron) 

1911  Byers,  I.  W. 

1920    Waffen,  August  J. 

Ironwood  (Gogebic) 

1920  Humphrey,  Charles  M. 

1912  Nsrris,  Herbert  M. 

lahpeming  (Marquette) 

1918  Kennedy.  Michael  J. 

Jaokaon  (Jackson) 

1988  Adams,  James  M. 

1981  Badgley,  Forrest  a 

1981  Bisbee.  Leland  S. 

1921  Cobb,  W.  S. 

1921  Parshall,  Cleveland  G. 

1922  Price,  Richard 

1921  Rossman,  Reuben  H. 

1922  Simpson,  John 
1921    Whiting,  Justin  R. 

Kalamaaoo  (Kalamaaoo) 

1805  Boudeman,  Dallaa 

1919  Carney,  Claude  a 
1900  Chappell,  Fred  L. 
1900  Earl,  Otis  A. 

1917  Faling,  Glenn  R. 
1921  Farrell,  Charles  H. 

1921  Fraot,  Alfred  8. 

1922  Howard,  Harry  C. 
1921  Jackson,  H.  Clair 
1981  Schaberg,  Marvin 

L'Anae  (Baraga) 

1921    Brennan.  Hubert  A. 
1921    O'Connor,  Joaeph  J. 


942 


AMERICAN    BAR   ASSOCIATION. 


Lantinr  (Ingham) 

19S2  Coyne,  Leonard  S. 

1013  Oiimmins,  AlTa  M. 

1911  Dodge,  Frank  L. 
1909  Fellows,  Grant 
1918  Handy,  Sherman  T. 
1898  Moore,  Joseph  B. 
1920  Nichols,  Charles  W. 
1918  Reynolds,  Carl  H. 
1918  Shields,  Edmund  0. 
1917  Silsbee,  Harry  A. 

1917  Wiley,  Merlin 

Lndlnfton  (Mason) 

1909    Danaher,  Michael  B. 

1918  Keiaer,  Addison  A. 
1920    Quail,  Robert  J. 

lUaiitM    (Manistee) 
1920    Neal,  Max  E. 

Xaniatiqut  (Schoolcraft) 

1912  Hixaon,  Virgil  I. 

Xariat  Olty  (St  Olair) 
1922    Breining,  John  W. 

lCarqu«tt«  (Marquette) 

1920    Eldredge,  Ralph  R. 
1920    Garvin,  L.  B. 
1912    Miller,  Albert  Edw. 

XenomlAae  (Menominee) 

1916    Doyle,  Michael  J. 
1920    O'Hara,  John  J. 

Midland   (Midland) 

1920  Reardon,  W.  E. 

Moiiat  Oleinana  (Macomb) 
1914    Miller,  Frederick  0. 

Xttdiogca  (Muskegon) 

1921  Galpin,  Harris  E. 
1921  McLaughlin,  John  A. 
1914  Sullivan,  James  E. 
1921  Turner,  Jerome  E. 
1921  Turner,  Willard  J. 

Veganaea   (Marquettp) 
1916    Bell,  Frank  A. 

Norway  (Dickinson) 
1916    Flannigan,  Richard  C. 

Owoato   (Shiawassee) 
1920   Seegmiller,  WUliam  A. 


MICHIGAN— XINKE80TA 

Oxford  (Oakland) 
1909    Jenkins,  Prank  E. 

Petoakey  (Emmet) 
1920    Pailthorp.  Charles  J. 

Plymouth  (Waj-ne) 

1920  Thomaa,  William  S. 

Poatlac  (Oakland) 

1921  Keeling,  Ralph  T.  ^ 
1921    McGee,  Clinton 

1895    Patterson,  John  H. 
1921    Pel  ton,  Carl  H. 
1921    Webster,  Elmer  B. 

Port  Hvron  (St.  Olair) 
1920    Carrigan,  Don  R. 

Riohmond  (Macomb) 
1920    Carl,  David 

Roicommon  (Roscommon) 

1920  Smith,  Hiram  R. 

Saginaw   (Saginaw) 

1921  Cook,  Robert  H. 

1920  Davis,  George  W. 

1921  Martin,  William  H. 
1919  Namely,  Henry  E. 
1909  Peter,  James  B. 

1919  Pierson,  Alfred  P. 
1914    Smith,  Wallis  C. 

1920  Snow,  Albert  Elwood 

1913  Weadock,  George  W. 

1914  Weadock,  Jerome 
1914  Weadock,  Vincent 

1921  Wilson,  Floyd  A. 

St.  Ignace  (Mackinac) 
1921    Brown,  Prentiss  M. 

St.  Johna  (CHintpn) 
1900    Smith,  WilUam  M. 

St.  Joiaph  (Berrien) 
1921    Banyon,  Willard  J. 

Sanlt  St.  Mario  ((Thippewa) 

1917    Green,  Thomas  J. 
1916    Hudaon,  Roberts  P. 
1011    Sullivan,  Frank  P. 

Tra^erao  City  (Traverse) 
1920    Patchin,  John  W. 

Ypailanti  (Washtenaw) 
1909    Hatch,  William  B. 


MnrNZSOTA 

Albort  Loa  (Freeborn) 

1912  Meigfaen,  John  F.  D. 

1911  Morgan,  Henry  A. 

Anoka  (Anoka) 

1913  Blanchard,  WilL  A. 

Auatin   (Mower) 

1906    Catherwood,  S.  D. 
1918    Saase,  Frank  G. 
1906    Wright,  Arthur  W. 

Bluo  Earth  (Faribault) 
1921    Putnam,  Frank  E. 

Brainord  (Crow  Wing) 

1906    McClenahan,  Wm.  a 

1914  Polk.  A.  D. 
1918    Ryan,  M.  B. 

Broekanridgo  (Wilkin) 
1918    Jones,  Lewis  E. 

Calodonia  (Houston) 
1918    Dorival,  Charles  A. 

Oambrldga  (Isanti) 

1921  (Soodwin,  Oodlzy  G. 

OrookatoB  (Polk) 
1918    O'Brien,  Martin 

Dotroit  (Becker) 

1912  Levetson,  Oliver 

Dnlnth  (St  Louis) 

1906  Abbott,  Howard  T. 

1912  Adams,  Frank  D. 

1918  Arnold,  John  B. 

1906  Bailey,  William  D. 

1906  Baldwin,  Albert 

1906  Cant,  WiUiam  A. 

1911  Courtney,  Henry  A. 

1916  CrasBweller,  Frank 

1906  Ok'osby,  Wilson  a 

1918  Outhbert,  Frederic  T. 

1922  D'Autremont,  Hubert  H. 
1922  Gillette,  Albert  O. 

1911  Gran,  Victor  EL 

1911  Greene,  Warren  E^ 
1921  Hunt,  BoUo  F. 

1912  Ingersoll,  George 
1918  Jaques,  Alfred 
1918  Lanners,  Harry  W. 
1906  Larton,  Oscar  J. 
1918  Middaugh.  Henry  a 


STATE   LIST   OF   MEKBEB8   BY    CITIES   AND  TOWNS. 


^43 


MnrKESOTA 


Dvlvth  (St.   Louii)   Cont'd 

1906  Mitchell,  Oscar 

19U  Schmidt,  Philip  C. 

1906  SuUivan,  Frands  W. 

1904  Waahburn,  Jed  U 

1906  Williams,  John  O. 

rairmont  (Martin) 
191S    Allen,  Albert  R. 

ffkrllMtult  (Rice) 

1921    Ghildreas,  Arthur  B. 
1921    McMahon,  James  P. 

Gftylord  (Sibley) 
1921    MacKenzie,  C.  H. 

Kawley  (Clay) 
1918    Hammett,  W.  Georct 

Klbbinr  (St.  Louii) 

1918    Collins,  David  T. 
1918    Power,  Victor  L. 

Intamational   Falls   (Koo* 
chiching) 

1918    Jeme,  FVana 

iTUihod  (Lincoln) 
1918    Schuls,  Rudolph  F. 


(Dodge) 
1918    Bdiflon,  H.  J. 

Utohflald  (Meeker) 
1921    Dart.  Raymond  H. 

LIttia  Falls  (Morrison) 

1918    Cfemeroa,  Don  M. 
ins    Ver&on,  A.  H. 

Hadiflon  (Lac  que  Parle) 
1906   Bwlng,  Atthur  W. 

Xankato  (Blue  Earth) 

1921  Roberts,  Horace  W. 

miaca  (Millelacs) 
1918    Yaaler,  Rolleff 

Minnaapolls  (Hennepin) 

1916  Ballantine,  Heniy  W. 

1922  BardweU,  Winfleld  W. 
1918  Barrett,  Richardson  D. 
1918  Barton,  Elijah 

1922  Benson,  John  C. 
1906  Booth,  WUbor  F. 
1916    Boutelle,  M.  H. 


Xinneapolis  (Hennepin) 

Mlnaeapolls  (Hennepin) 

Cont'd 

Cont'd 

1918 

Brady,  Michael  a 

1922 

Lee,  Edward  J. 

1916 

Bremner,   W.   E. 

1916 

Levy,  Samuel  J. 

1922 

Brown,  Rome  0. 

1906 

McGee,  J.  F. 

1906 

BufBngton,  George  W. 

1916 

Mackall,   Henry   0. 

1922 

C!ant,  Harold  G. 

1912 

Martin,  James  M. 

1916 

Carman,  Ernest  C. 

1901 

Meroer,  Hugh  Victor 

1914 

Carmichael,  Daniel  F. 

1915 

Michel,  Ernest  A. 

1906 

Chase,  Nathan  R. 

1921 

Mitchell,  Morris  B. 

1916 

Cherry,  Wilbur  H. 

1916 

Morley,  Frank  J. 

1906 

Child,  S.  R. 

1922 

Morrison,  Robert  0. 

1906 

Cliilds.  C.  R. 

1921 

Nelson,  Edward 

1906 

Cobb,  Albert  C. 

1914 

Newton,  Walter  H. 

1906 

Crane,  Jay  W. 

1911 

O'Brien,  James  B. 

1918 

Davis,  Tom 

1922 

Ohman,  John  N. 

1906 

Deutsch,  Henry 

1901 

Paige,  James 

1906 

Dickinson,  H.  D. 

1912 

Park,  Herbert  T. 

1894 

Dille,  John  I. 

1906 

Patterson,  Elmer  C. 

1906 

Dodge;  Fred  B. 

1897 

Paul,  A.  C. 

1918 

Dodge,  Louis  L. 

1906 

Penney,  R.  L. 

1920 

Dowling,  Noel  T. 

1922 

Petri,  Gustave  A. 

1906 

Duxbury,  W.  R. 

1911 

Powell,  Ransom  J. 

1906 

Dwinnell,  W.  8. 

1911 

Prendergast,  Edmund  A 

1914 

Eaton,  Leo  K. 

*  1918 

Prior,  Joseph  H. 

1916 

Eberhart,  Axel  A. 

1917 

Ray,  John  H.,  Jr. 

1922 

Eisler,  Charles  J. 

1918 

Riordan,  Philip  J. 

1902 

Elliott,  Charles  B. 

1906 

Roberts,  Harlan  P. 

1922 

Ellsworth,  Fred  L. 

1906 

Roberts,  William  P. 

1911 

Flannery,  Henry  C. 

1906 

Robertson,  James 

1906 

Fowler,  (Charles  R. 

1906 

Rockwood,  C.  J. 

1922 

Friedman,  William  Fred- 

1922 

Rue,  Lars  0. 

erick 

1922 

Safford,  Orren  B. 

1918 

Fnrber,  Fred  N. 

1913 

Schall,   Anthony   X.,  Jr 

1906 

Furst,  William 

1922 

Schultx,  H.   V. 

1906 

Gale,  Edward  C. 

1911 

Selover,  Geo.  H. 

1922 

Gareis,  Armin  J. 

1922 

Severance,  Lewis 

1922 

Gibson,  W.  W. 

1906 

Shaw,  Frank  W. 

1914 

(3ould,  Charles  D. 

1908 

Shearer,  James  D. 

1912 

Guesmer,  Arnold  L. 

1922 

Shore,  Samuel  Louis 

1906 

Hanley,  Martin  F. 

1906 

Simpson,  David  F. 

1914 

Hempstead,  Clark 

1922 

Skahen,    Vance   Edward 

1922 

Henderson,  William  B. 

1906 

Smith,  Edward  E. 

1922 

Hewitt,  Harry  R. 

1922 

Stevens,  H.  H. 

1922 

Hoke,  George 

1922 

Stiles,  Glenn  S. 

1918 

Houck,   Stanley   B. 

1912 

Stinchfleld,  Frederick  H 

1911 

Hubachek,    Frank   R. 

1921 

Thompson,  Paul  J. 

1912 

Hubachek,  Louis  A. 

1906 

Tryon,  Charles  J. 

1918 

Irwin,  Harry  D. 

1906 

Ueland,  A. 

1906 

Jackson,  Anson  Blake 

1906 

Waite,  E.  F. 

1906 

Jayne,  Trafford  N. 

1911 

Ware,  John  Roland 

1922 

Joss,  Louis  H. 

1906 

Well,  Jonas 

1919 

Junell,  John 

1906 

Wheelwright,  J.  0.  P. 

1919 

Kingman,  Joseph  R. 

1894 

Whelan,  Ralph 

1916 

Klngsley,  George  A. 

1913 

Will,  G.  A. 

1922 

RJorlang,  Melkeer  U.  S. 

1913 

Williams,  (Tharles  J. 

1901 

Lancaster,  William  A. 

1906 

Williamson,  Jsmes  F. 

1906 

Larrabee,  Frank  D. 

1922 

Wright,  Fred  B. 

944 


AMERICAN    BAR  ASSOCIATION. 


MontovldM  (Gbippewa) 

1906    Fosnes,  O.  A. 

1911  OJeraet,  Olul 

1916    Petenon,  John  W. 

Moorhead  (GUy) 

1921  Harden,  Oharles  S. 
1906    Nye.  Oarroll  A 

1922  Sharp,  Edgar  E. 

Haw  Ulm  (Brown) 
1914    Somaen,  Henry  N. 

Ked  Wing  (Goodhue) 
1921    Amtaon,  Arthur  E. 

Kooheater  (OltnBted) 

1912  Allen,  George  J. 

1919  Oallaghan,    (Tharlea   E. 

1919  Cairistenaen,  Henry  O. 

1919  Eaton,  Burt   W. 

1919  Granger,  George  W. 

1921  Ronken,  Oscar  C. 

1919  Scanlan,  Patrick  J. 

Roaaan  (Roseau) 

1918  Bell.  Roger  J. 

St.    Jamaa    (Watonwan) 

1919  Lobben.  Jens  L. 

St.  Paul  (Ramsey) 

1921  Albin,  Martin  H. 

1922  Appleton,  Samuel 
1922  Axelrod,   Gustav  C. 
1906  Bechhoefer,  Charles 
1921  Boyesen.   Alf  E. 

1921  Bradford,    John    M. 
1914  Bremer,  Paul  0. 
1906  Briggs,  Asa  O. 

1922  Bronson,  David  E. 
1918  Brown,  Calvin  L. 

1921  Bumquist,  J.  A.  A. 

1922  Buma,   Fitzhugh 
1906  Burr,  Stiles  W. 
1900  Butler,  Pierce 

1912  Caldwell,  Chester  L. 

1922  (Tallin.  Fred  M. 

1922  C9iandler,  M.  8. 

1921  Clapp,  A.  W. 

1906  Clapp,  Newell   H. 

1906  Clark,  Homer  P. 

1921  Cowem,  Joseph  F. 

1922  Currie,  Roy  H. 

1921  Denegre,   James  D. 
1906  Dibell,  Homer  B. 
1906  Dickey,    J.    M. 

1922  Dickson,   Frederick  N. 


MZKVSSOTA 

St.  Paul    (Ramsey)    0)at'd 

1921  Doherty,  It*  J. 

1918  Donnelly,   Charles 
1921  Donnelly,  Stan.  D. 

1911  Duxbury,  F.   A. 
1921  Elmquist,   (}harles  E. 
1906  Famham,  Charles  W. 

1912  FrankeU  Hiram  D. 
1906  Frankel,  Louis  R. 

1919  Frost,  D.  R. 

1912  Galbraith,  John  P. 

1919  Gehan,  Frank  J. 
1921  Glenn.  Horace  H. 
1921  Graves,  William  G. 

1921  Greenman,  Jesso  E. 
1906  Hallam,  Oscar 
1918  Harvey,   Hubert  M. 

1922  Headley,  Cleon 

1913  Hertz,  A.  J. 
1916  Hess,  Sylvan  E. 
1918  Hilton,   Clifford   L. 

1914  Holt.  Andrew 

1921  Horn,  Alexander  E. 

1922  Horwitz,   Henry   E. 
1922  Hurley,  Martin  J. 
1918  Hurley,   Michael   B. 

1921  Jesmer,  J.  Lisle 

1922  Kelehan,  James  H.  L. 

1921  Keller,   Herbert   P. 

1922  Kelley.  James  E. 

1904  Kellogg,  Frank  B. 
1906  Kennedy,  Richard  L. 
1922  Kerr,  Harold  C. 
1922*Knapp,  Edward  A. 
1922  Kyle,  John  P. 

1911  Leea,  Edward 

1922  LeRue,   Arch  L. 

1922  Levin.  A.  1. 

1906  Lindley,  Erannus  C. 

1914  Loevinger,    Gustavus 

1922  Luethge.   George  M. 

1916  Lyons.  D.  F. 

1922  McCTarthy.  Frederic  D. 

1922  McConneloug,  John   W. 

1922  McNally,  Carlton  F. 

1921  Macartney,  Grant  S. 

1911  Manahan,  James 

1921  Markham,  George  W. 
1918  Markham,  James  E. 
1918  Mason,  Grafton 

1922  Mason,  WUliam  H. 
1922  Michael,  James  C. 
1006  Mitchell,  WillUm  D. 

1921  Mordaunt,   Roy  J. 

1920  Morgan,   George   W. 

1905  Morphy,  E.  Howard 

1922  Morse.  Irl 

1922  Nelson,  Arthur  E. 


St.  Paul   (Ramsey)   Cont'd 

1922  Nordlin,  George 

1922  O'Brien,  Thomas  D. 

1921  O'Brien.  William  P. 

1922  Ogilvie.  George  8. 
1912  Olds.   Bobt.   Edwin 
1922  O'Neill,   Eugene  M. 
1918  Oppenheimcr,  W.  H. 
1921  Ordway,  S.  G. 

1906  Randall,  Henry  E. 

1918  Richardson,  HaroM  J. 

1912  Richardson,    HarrL, 
1921  Ryan,  Patrick  J. 
1918  Sanborn,  Bruce  W. 
1906  Sanborn,  Edward  P. 
1908  Sanborn.  W.  H. 
1915  Scandrett,  B.  W. 

1921  Schaller,  Albert 

1922  Schriber.  Bishop  H. 
1922  Schroeder,  Baldwin 
1906  Severance,  O.  A. 

1921  Sexton,  John  J. 

1922  Shay,  Burton  A 
1922  Smith,   C.   Willard 
1921  Sterling,  CRiarles  W. 

1913  Stone,  Royal  A. 

1921  Stringer,  Edward  S. 
1906  Stryker,  John  E. 

1922  Stuts,  Frederick  O.' 
1918  Taylor,  Myron  D. 
1906  Tiffany,  Fraada  B. 
1899  Tighe,  Ambroae 

1918  Turner,  Sanroel  Bpea 

1922  Van  Harvey,  G.   Harria 

1922  Wandrel,  Albert  O. 

1922  Waters,  £.  A. 

1922  Weaver,  Je«e  C. 

1922  Weiss,  Harry 

1922  \^'heeler,  Howard 

1912  Willis,  John  W. 

1922  Wilwerscheid,   Notbert 

1906  Young,  Edward  B. 

1911  ZoUman,   F.   W. 

St.  Petar  (Nicollet) 

1921  Benson,  Heniy  N. 

Bpringilald  (Brown) 

1921  Seifert,  Alexander 

BUplai  (Todd) 

1918  (tardner.  Richard  N. 

BtlUwator  (Washington) 

1906  Bufllngton,  Edwin  D. 

1906  Oomtort,  F.  V. 


STATE  LIST  OF  MEUBBB3  BT   CITHiS  AND  TOWNS, 


946 


Tnuiy  (Ljon) 
I9M    KomB,  E.   B. 

Warren  (Marshall) 
1018    Olson,  Julius  J. 

Wateoa  (Waseca) 
1911    Moonan,  John 

Wheaton  (Traverse) 
1918    Anderson,  V.  E. 

WlUmar  (Kandiyohi) 
1906    Qvale,  O.  E. 

Winpaa    (Winona) 

1922  Bierce,  Herbert  M. 

1918  Blair,  Burr  D. 

1906  Brown,  Leslie  L. 

1902  Webber,  Marshall  B. 

Winthrop  (Sidley) 
1918    Tounff,  A.  L. 

WorthlnfftoB  (Nobles) 

1918  Ckshel,  John  A. 
1921    Nelson,  Lewis  8. 

MZBSISBIFPI 

Aberdeen  (Monroe) 
1921    Clifton,   Wiley  H. 
1909    Houston,  David  W. 

1919  Leftwich,  George  J. 
1918    McVarland,  Ben  HoUiday 

Aihland    (Benton) 
1921    Oreshani,  Robert  J. 

Baldwyn  (Prentiss) 
1918    Cox,  Allen 

Brookhaven    (Lincoln) 

1918  Brady,  Thomas,  Jr. 

Calhoun  Olty  (Calhoun) 

1921    Lawrence,  W.  O. 

1921  Patterson,  A.  T. 

Clarkidale   (Coahoma) 
1912    Cutter,  John  W. 

Cleveland  (Bolivar) 
1909    Shands,  A.  W. 

1922  Somerville,  Bobert  N. 

Ooffeevllle  (Yalobusha) 

1919  Stone,  W.  I. 


OolUne  (Oovin^n) 
1922    Mcintosh,  D.  A. 

Oolnmbus  (Lowndes) 

1912    Frierson,  John  F. 
1918    Garnett,  Charles  L. 

1916  Owen,   F.   C. 

Corinth  (Alcorn) 

1917  Kier.  W.  H. 

Greenville  (Washincrton) 

1918  Bell,  Percy 

1907    Campbell,   Bobert  B. 
1907    Percy,    Leroy 

Oreenwood   (Leflore) 
1922    McBee,  R.  C. 
1918    WTiittington,    W,    Madi- 
son 

Onlfport  (Harrison) 

1912  Alderson,  C.  M. 

1913  Eaton,  B.   E. 

1918  White,   Walter  A. 

KattiOibvrr  (Forrest) 

1912    Hannah,   Thomas  C. 
1911    Travis,   S.  E. 
1915    Wills,   T.   J. 

Eaxelhnrat  (Copiah) 
1907    Sexton,  J.  S. 
1921    Wilson,  H.  J. 

Holly  gprinfft  (Marshall) 

1919  Bates,  C.  L, 

1920  Fant,  L.  G. 

Houston  (Chickasaw) 

1914  Ford,  Joe  H. 

Indlanola  (Sunflower) 
1914    Guthrie,   J.   B. 
1908    Moocb',  C.  C. 
1916    Williams,  James  L. 

Jackson  (Hinds) 

1916  Anderson,  William  D. 

1912  Flowers,  James  N. 

1914  Green,  Gamer  Wynn 

1912  Green,  Marcellus 

1919  Harris,  J.  B. 

1920  Jones,  L.  Barrett 

1921  Lyell,  G.  Garland 
1912  May,  George  Williams 
1920  Ricketts,  Robert  a 


Jaokion  (Hindi)  Cont'd 

1921  Roberson,  Frank 

1907  Sanders,  J.  O.  8. 
1912  Stevens,  J.  Morgan 
1892  Thompson,  Robert  H. 
1914  Watkins,  H.  V. 

1922  Watkins,  William  H. 

1914  Wells,  W.  Oilvin 
1918    West,  F.  M. 

Laurel  (Jones) 

1920  Cooper,  Ellis  B. 

1920  Deavours,   Bums  M. 

1920  Hilbun,  Henry 

1915  Schauber,  A.  B. 

1921  Shannon,  (Tharles  R. 

1908  Welch,  W.  S. 

Lexington  (Holmes) 

1922  Lindholm,  Paul  Purcell 
1912    McMorrough,  0.  H. 
1918    Noel,  E.  F. 

1914    Pepper,  A.  M. 

Meridian  (Lauderdale) 

1907  Boseman,  A.  S. 
1912  Jacobson,  Gabe 
1920    McBeath,  J.  M. 

1920  Shotts,  Henry  Allen 

Vatchei  (Adams) 
1914    Reed,  Richard  F. 

Okolona  (Chickasaw) 

1908  Stovall,  A.  T. 

1916  West,  Robert  Jesse 

Oxford  (Lafayette) 

1914    Oldham,  L.  E. 

1897    Somerville,  Thomas  H. 

Pittsbero  (Calhoun) 

1921  Haman,  Thomas  L. 
1921    Johnson,  J.  L. 

Tunioa  (Tunica) 

1919    Dulaney,  J.  W. 
1919    Robinson,  J.  F. 

Tvpelo  (Lee) 
1918    Robins,  John  Q. 

University  (Lalayette) 
1821    Hemingway,  William 


946 


AMERICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


Tlolubmr  (Warren) 

1907  Bmnlni,  John  B. 

1914  BfTBon,  J.  C. 

1916  Dent,  R.  L. 

1914  Hirach,  J.  K. 

1606  Hirsh,  J. 

1906  Landau,  Moses  D. 

1916  Robbiw,   Nathaniel  Vick 

Water  YalUy  (Talobusha) 

1916    Oreekmore,  H.  H. 

1919  McOowen.  J.  G. 

Wett  Point  (CUy) 

1921  Boberds,  W.  O. 

WoodviU*  (WUkinson) 

1922  Bramlette,    David    Clay, 

Jr. 

Yasoo  Olty  (Taaoo) 

1921  Barbour,  J.  F. 
1912    Bamett,  D.  B. 

XIBBOXTBI 

Aurora  (Lawrence) 
1916    HcNatt,  Carr 

B«Ti«r  (Macon) 
1929    Edwards,  Waldo 

Bloomfleld  (Stoddard) 
1914    Wammack,  Ralph 

Bolivar  (Polk) 
1916    Cunningham,  L. 

Bonne  Terre  (St.  Francois) 

1920  Elvina,   Politte 

BooBvillt   (Cooper) 
19S0    Williams,  Roy  D. 

Bowlinf  Oretn  (Pike) 

1920  Haley,  J.  H. 

1920  Higginbotham,  Rufus  L. 

1918  Hoatetter,  J.  D. 

1920  Smith,  Vivian  S. 

Brookfleld  (Linn) 

1916    Bums,  Thomas  P. 

1922  Van  Osdol,  Paul 

Oattfomla  (Moniteau) 
1914    Hunter,  Joaeph  W. 


mssxaizPFz— MXMOinu 

Oameron  ((]lintoii) 
1920    Carr,  John  O. 

Oap«  Olrardaan  (Cape 
Girardeau) 

1920  Alexander,  Harry  E. 

1920  Dearmont,  Ruaaell  Lea 

1920  Oliver,  Allen  Laws 

1916  Oliver,  B.  B. 

1914  Oliver,  Robert  Burett,  Jr. 

1914  Whybark,  Moses 

Carrollton  (Carroll)  . 

1914    LoEler,  Ralph  F. 
1916    Morris,  John  T. 

Oarthag*  (Jasper) 
1920    McReynolda,  Allen 

Oharleaton  (Mlssiasippi) 

1920    Haw,  J.  M. 
1920    Joslyn,  O.  W.    • 

OhlUicotha    (Livingston) 

1916    CJhapman,  Lewis  A. 

1916  Sheets,  Frank 

Clayton  (St.  Louis) 

1917  Barnes,  William  H. 

1916  Erd,  (Carles 
1914    (Hrdner,  A.  E.  L. 

1917  Ralph,  Richard  F. 

Columbia  (Boone) 

1904  Gentry,  North  T. 

1912  McBaine,  J.  P. 

1918  Parks,  J.  L. 
1920  Soars,  Kenneth  C. 

ElyiBs  (St.  Franoois) 
1920    Thrclkeld,  I.  N. 

Emineaoe   (Shannon) 
1916    (Tlark.  Stuart  L. 

Farmingten  (St.  Francois) 

1920    Caycc,  J.  Paul 
1920    Rozier,  Edward  A. 

Fulton  (Callaway) 

1920    Baker,  John  R. 
1916    Harris.  David  H. 

Olaagow  (Howard) 
1914    Denny,  J.  H. 


Hamiitol  (MuloB) 

1916   Eby,  D.  H. 

1904    Mahan,  George  A. 

KarrlaonviUa  (Oaaa) 
1916    Summers,  W.  D. 

Honiten  (Texas) 

1921    Lamar,  Kirby 

1914  Lamar,  Robert 

HnmaniTlUe   (Polk) 
1916    Wood,   W.    W. 

Indtpandanoa  (Jackson) 

1915  Bufgeaa,  S.  A. 

1914  Sea,  John  A.  ' 

Jackson  (Cape  Girardeau) 

1916  Cramer,  Wilaon 

1915  Hines,  T.  D. 

JeffarsoB  Oity  (Oole> 

1916  Barrett,  Jesse  W. 
1914    Bean,  Edwin  J. 
1920    Blair,  David  E. 

1913  Blair,  James  T. 

1914  Brown,  Stephen  S. 

1920  Caruthera,  J.  Henry 

1914  Elder,  Oonwy 

1921  Miller,  Albert 
1921    Otia,  Merrill  E. 

1915  Ragland,  William  T. 

1916  Reeves,  Albert  L. 

« 

Joplin  (Jasper) 

1914    Arnold,  Mercer 

1913  Spencer,  A.  E. 

Kahoka  (Clait) 

1916  Dawson,  John  H. 
1920    Gridley,  Bert  L. 

1914  Montgomery,  Theodore  L 
1920   Talbott,  Jamea  R. 

Kaataf  Oity  (Jackaon) 

1920  Adams,  Waah 

1917  Andrews,  Jee&e 

1918  Armstrong,  David  W. 

1921  Arnold,  Henry  L. 
1890  Aahley,  Henry  de  L. 
1914  Atwood,  John  H. 
1920  Aylward,  James  P. 
1914  Ball,  Eugene  B. 
1896  Ball,  B.  E. 

1914    Bamett,  Raymond  G. 
1920    Berger,  Homer  H. 
1914    Bird.  Daniel  E. 


STATE   LIST  OF  KEMBBBS  BY   CITIES  AND  TOWNS. 


94? 


0it7  (Jackion) 
Cont'd 

918  Blanton,  Horace  U. 

920  Boetiaa.  W.  B. 

911  Boweraock,  Juatin  D. 
916  Boxley,  Fred.  A. 

916  Boyle,  Murat 

916  Brady,  WUliam  Walter 

920  Brennan,  Redmond  S. 

914  Brooks,  Joaeph  S. 

920  Brown,  Arthur  C. 

914  Bnimback,  Herman 
918  Bniner,  Glen  L. 
916  BrTant,  Hughea 
980  Buchhols,  William 

921  Budd,  Perc7  A. 
916  Buah,  Obarlea  M. 

920  Caldwell,  Robert  B, 
916  Oamack,  Edwin 

921  Oapron,  Clarence  A. 
920  Cleary,  John  M. 

920  Cloud,  Wendell  H. 
916  Conrad,  Henry  8. 

915  Cooper,  Armwell  L. 
918  Dana,  J.  W. 

916  Day,  Georgre  W. 

921  Deacy,  Thomaa  E. 

915  Dean,  Oliver  H. 

920  Dietrich,  Roy  K. 

921  Douglas,  Rey  0. 

914  Downey»  Francis  C. 

920  Dunn,  Denton 
918  Durham,  h.  E. 

912  Edwarda,  Verne  D. 

921  Eaa,  Henry  N. 

916  Brans,  Andrew  F. 

922  Field,  R.  Harrison 
921  Fisher.  J.  H. 

980  Fizsell,  Robert  B. 

915  Floumoy,  William  S. 
980  Gage,  John  B. 

916  Gamble,  Emmet  H. 
911  German,  Charles  W. 
916  Gilkeson,  Rose  well  F. 
920  Gilmore,  S.  T. 

914  Godard,  Porter  B. 
918  Goodrich,  James  E. 
911  Ooflsett,  Alfred  N. 
916  Hackney,   TlK>mas 
904  Haff,  Delbert  J. 
889  Hagerman,  Frank 
805  Harklcaa,  Jaroca  H. 

915  Harria,  Brown 

916  Harzfeld,  J.  A. 
1916  Hayward,  Francis  If. 

916  Heidelberger,  Wilhelm 

916  Heitman,  Numa  F. 

9n  Hill,  o.  8. 


msfloirxi 

KaBfM  City  (Jackm) 
Cont'd 

1906  Histed,  Clifford 

1918  Hofsett,  William  & 

1901  Holt,  William  O. 

1914  Hook,  Inghram  D. ' 

1916  Howard,  B.  C. 

1918  Howell.  Charles  It 

1916  Howell,  Daniel  V. 

1921  Hulae,  D.  T. 

1916  Hunter,  James  H. 

1921  Imbrie,  George  R. 

1921  Joffee,  Jerome  M. 

1920  Johnson,  Donald  W. 

1920  Johnson,  J.  M. 

1914  Johnson,  Waldo  P. 

1911  Johnson,  William  T. 

1915  Jones,  Elliott  H. 
1904  Jones,  John  J. 
1920  Jost,  Henry  L. 
1896  Udd,  Sanford  B. 
1914  Landon,  Iliad.  B. 

1916  Langknecht,  Carl  H. 
1914  Langworthy,  H.  M. 

1912  Lawler,  Clement  A. 
1918  Lee.  Jay  M. 

1914  Lorie,  J.  L. 

1916  Lucas,  John  H. 

1916  Lyon,  A.  Stanford 

1918  McAllister,  Frank  W. 

1900  McClintock,  William  S. 
1918  McCune,  Henry  L. 

1920  McGilvary,  J.  B. 
1914  Madden,  Terrence  J. 
1916  MarkB,  Thomas  R. 
1916  Martin,   Hugh  E. 

1910  Matthews,  William  M. 
1916  Meriwether,  Hunter  M. 

1921  Meraereau,  Geoi^  J. 
1980  Meserrey,  Edwin  O. 
1011  Michaels,  William  C. 
1016  Miller,  Arthur 

1914  Moore,  Frank  H. 

1914  Moore,  Hunt  C. 

1901  Moore,  McCabe 
1918  Morriaon,  Edwin  R. 
1916  Morse,  William  J. 
1914  Norton,  George  P. 
1916  Nourse,  James  B. 
1980  Nugent,  Anthony  P. 

1920  Nugent,  J.  E. 

1914  O'Donnell,  Martin  J. 

1921  Page,  Henry  C. 
1916  Palmer,    Clarence   S. 
1980  Patterson,  A.  Z. 

1911  Piatt,  William  U.  H. 
1909  Powell,  Elmer  N. 
1916  Proctor,  David  M. 


Oltj  (Jadcaon) 
Cont'd 

Reed,  Jamca  A. 
Reeder,  Prentiss  E. 
Reynolds,  Thomaa  H. 
Rogers,  John  W. 
Rosenberger,  Julea  C. 
Rosenrweig,  Grant  L 
Rozielle,  Frank  F. 
Sawyer,  Sanmel  W. 
ScarHtt,   A.   D. 
Scarritt,  William  C. 
Sebree,  Sam.  B. 
Setzler,  Edward  A. 
Sherman,  Adrian   F. 
Silverman,  Oeraon  B. 
Smart,  James  G. 
Smith,  Arthur  F. 
Southern,  Allen  0. 
Sparrow,  Sam 
Spellman,  Clarence  I. 
Stone,  Kimbrough 
Strother,  Albert  R. 
Thacher,  John  H. 
Thomas,  William  0. 
Thomson,  William 
Titus,  Frank 
Trimble,  Francis  H. 
Turpin,  Rees 
Vanvalkenburgh,  Arba  S. 
Vineyard,  J.  J. 
Waltner,  W.  R. 
Wataon,  Isaac  N. 
Watson,  Raymond  B. 
Watta,  W.  H.  L. 
Welch,  Lealie  A. 
Williamson,  John  I. 
Wilson,  Albert  L. 
Wilson,  Francis  M. 
Winger,  Maurice  H. 
Winston,  Charlea  H. 
Wylder,  L.  Newton 
Zurabninn,  William  F. 


1916 
19n 
1908 
1921 
1913 
1914 
1900 

loei 

1922 
1914 
1916 
1980 
1914 
1981 
1918 
1916 
1980 
1080 
1918 
1914 
1914 
1918 
1911 
1916 
1809 
1916 
1918 
1918 
1900 
1981 
1916 
1921 
1910 
1920 
1911 
1914 
1921 
1980 
1916 
1980 
1916 


(Barton) 
1916    Timmonds,  H.  W. 

La  PUta  (Macon) 
1980   Jonea,  Elmer  O. 

Lesa  Summit  (Jackson) 
1988    Oarr,  William  H. 

Lexington  (Lafayette) 
1916    Ristine,  Carl  L. 


948 


AMEBIGAN   BAB  A8800IATI0N. 


Lovliiaiia  (Pike) 

1916    Peanon,  Eugene 
1920    Peanon,  Ras  L. 

lUooB  (lUoon) 

1920  OoodKm,  Walter  0. 

1920  Hughes,  Dan  R. 

1920  Lacy,  Nat.  M. 

1920  Sheltonp  Nat  M. 

1920  Van  Oleaye,  William  U. 

XafihaU  (Saline) 
1914'  Davis,  Samuel 

lUryriUa  (Nodaway) 
1916    Ellison,  George  Robb 

KaysvlUe  (De  Ralb) 
1916    Hewitt,  Robert  A. 

Xamphls   (Scotland) 
1916    Pettingill,  N.  H. 

Mexico  (Audrain) 

1914  Barnes,  Clarence  A. 

1914  Fry,  W.  W.,  Jr. 

1914  Gantt,  E.  S. 

1921  Hollingaworth.   Frank 
1921  Shannon,  E.  A. 

1920  Stocks,  Harry  Q« 
1914    Stocks,  S.  D. 

1921  Whitson,  A.  C. 

Moberlar  (Randolph) 

1916    CSave,  Willard  P. 
1914    Lilly,  J. 

Xonett  (Barry) 
1916    Mayhew,  D.  S. 

Mt.  Vornon  (Laurence) 
1920    HeiMon»  Charles  h. 

Nevada  (Vernon) 

1914    Gilbert,  Charles  E. 
1916   January,  H.  T. 

Vew  London  (Ralls) 
1916    Hendrix,  Frank  C. 

Vow  MAdHd  (New  Madrid) 
1916    Riley,  Henry  0.,  Jr. 

Fiednont   (Wayne) 

1920    Daniel,  A.  O. 

1916    Daniel.  J.  B. 

1920    Stephens,  Grover  C. 


UBBOmtX 
Ftotte  Olty  (Platte) 

1916  Anderson,  Norton  B. 

Poplar  Bluff  (Butter) 

1916  Abington,  Ed.  L. 

1920  Henson,  L.  M. 

1914  Hill,  Darid  W. 

1920  Meredith,  Willis  H. 

1916  Phillips,  Sam  M. 

1920  Sheppard,  J.  O. 

Pototl  (Johnson) 

1920  BanU,  Parke  M. 

1920  Dearing,  E.   M. 

at  GoaoYioTo  (St.  Genevieve) 

1916  Hock,  Peter  H. 

St.  Josaph  (Buchanan) 

1914  Boyer,  John  S. 

1909  Brown,  Robert  A. 

1916  Dolman,  John  E. 

1916  Douglas,  R.  L. 

1916  Faust,  (Carles  L. 

1916  GuiUr,  A.  Leonard 

1921  James,  W.  K. 

1921  Landis,  John  C,  Jr. 
1914  Mitchell,  Orestes 
1914  Peterson,  J.  W. 
1907  Pike,  Vinton 
1914  Randolph,  Kendall  B. 
1914  Ryan,  Thomas  F. 
1914  Spalding,  Elliott 
1914  Stringfellow.  William  E. 

at  Loula  (St.  Louis  City) 

1902  Abbott,  Augustus  L. 

1916  Able,  Sidney  Thome 
1920  Alexander,  Alonao  A. 
1880  Allen,  Charles  Claflin 
1907  Allen,  Clifford  B. 
1920  Ammen,  Francis  D. 
1914  Andrews,  E.  D. 

1912  Angert,  Eugene  H. 

1917  Arnold,  Glendy  B. 

1916  Atkinson,  John  M. 
1904  Babbitt,  Byron  F. 

1917  Bacon,   Frederick  H. 
1804  Bakewell,  Paul 
1916  Bakewell,  Paul,  Jr. 
1914  Banister,  E.  W. 
1883  Barclay,  Shepard 

1913  Barker,  Hany  C. 

1922  Baron,  David 
1920  Baron,  M.  G. 
1912  Barth,  Irvin  V. 
1920  Bartlett,  Daniel 

I   1907  Bates,  Charles  W. 


St.  Louis  (St.  Louis  City) 
Cont'd 

1921  Bates,  William  Maffltt 

1912  Becker,  William  Dee 
1920  Beckett,  R.  C,  Jr. 
1920  Beckett.  Richard  C. 
1920  Bedal,  Wm.  S. 

1918  Biggs,  Davis 

1914  Bishop,  0.  Orrick 

1900  Bishop,  John  E. 
1916  Blackinton,  Oliver 
1896  Blair,  Albert 
1916  Blayney,  J.  M. 
1920  Blesie,  William  J. 
1904  Blevins,  John  A. 

1913  Bliss,  H.  J. 
1912  Block,  George  M. 

1907  Blodgett,  Henry  W. 
1016  Blodgett,  Wells  H. 

1922  Boinesu,   Marlon   E. 
1911  Bond,  Sterling  P. 
1911  Bond,  Thomas 

1920  Booth,  George  E. 

1920  Brady.  Walter  L. 

1916  Breaker,  George  J. 

1911  Britton,  Roy  P. 

1920  Brooks,  Louis  J.,  Jr. 

1916  Brown,  Nathaniel  a 

1916  Brownrigg,  Richard  T. 
1899  Bryan,  P.  Tayk>r 

1917  Bryan,  William  Christy 
1904  Bryson,   Joseph  M. 
1909  Buder,  O.  A. 

1909  Buder,  Oscar  B. 

1916  Cslhoun,  John  W. 

1917  Campbell,  William  Sher 

man 

1914  Cannon,  Thomas  D. 
1916  Caplan,  Ephrim 
1904  (3arr,  James  A. 
1914  Carroll,  James  E. 
1920  Carter,  Emmet  T. 

1908  Carter,  W.  P. 
1916  Case,  Clarence  T. 

1916  Cashman,  John 
1914  Caulfleld,  Henry  8. 
1914  Cave.  Rhodes  B. 

1920  (%aney,  James  M. 

1921  Chaplin,  Tresoott  P. 
1920  Chapman,  Wilton  0. 
1899  Charles,  Benjsmin  H. 
1920  ChssnofT,  Jacob  * 

1917  Claiborne.  James  R. 
1920  Clark,  Bennett  C. 
1920  Clarke,  Chauncey  H. 

1901  CUrke,  Euos 

1911  Cbbba,  Thomas  H. 

1892  Cochran,  Alexander  G. 


STATE   LIST  07  MEMBBBS  BY   CITIE8  AKD  TOWNS. 


949 


St.  loiiii  (St.  Louto  City) 
OoDt'd 

USO  Goffman,  Frank 

1920  Coleman,  Frank  B. 

1007  Ooles,  Walter  D. 

1011  Comer,  Charles  P. 
1001  Conant,  Erneat  B. 
1021  Connett,  W.  C. 

1016  Cook,  Howard  G. 

1017  Corlia,  George  L. 

1917  Oomwell,  Frederick  L. 

1014  CrewSk  Thomas  R. 

1012  Oullen.  P.  H. 

1014  Cummings,  Campbell 

1016  Cummings,  George  B. 
1914  Curlee,  Francis  M. 
1014  Currie,  Dwight  D. 
1021  Curtis,  Edward  Glion 
1020  Dame,  James  E. 

1010  D'Arcy,  Edward 
1917  Daviee,  William  H. 
1020  Davis,  Charles  B. 

1017  Davis,  Joseph  T. 
191B  Davis,  Manton 

1018  Denvir,  John  B..  Jr. 

1011  Dickson,  Joseph,  Jr. 
1914  Diehm,  Walter 

1914  Dodge,  Ernest  C. 

1921  Dolan,  Charles  J. 

1911  Donnell,  Forrest  C. 
1920  Douglass,  W.  II. 
1920  Dubinsky,  Carl  M. 
1917  Dyer,  H.  tJhouteau 
1902  Early,  Marion  C. 
1920  Eberle,   Alphonse  Q^ 
1916  Eberle,  Charles 

1920  Eckert,  Arthur  C. 
1916  Edwards,  Geo.  L. 

1921  Edwards,  M.   Murry 

1912  Eggers,  Theodore  C. 
1806  Eliot,  Edward  C. 
1920  ElUojLt,  Bruce  S. 
1916  Evans,  W.  F. 

1916  Fahey,  William  F. 

1917  Falkenhainer,  Victor  H. 
1914  Faris,  Charles  B. 

1920  Farrar,  Christy  M. 

1914  Fauntleroy,  Thomas  T. 

1920  Ferrenbach,   Edward  A. 

1016  Ferris,  Forrest  Q. 

1008  Ferriss,  Franklin 

1012  Ferriss,  Henry  T. 

1017  Feuerbacher,  Maic  W. 

1020  Findley,  D.  L. 

1021  Fisher,  Walter  N. 
1017  Fitzsimroons,  John  T. 
1006  Fordyce,  8,  W. 

1020  Pox,  Carl 


MISflOVBI 

St.  Lottifl  (St.  Louii  Oitr) 
Cont'd 

1914  Frank,  Harry  A. 

1020  Frank,  Lena 

1020  Freund,  Arthur  J, 

1917  Frey,  A.  B. 

1010  Frumberg,  A.  H. 

1920  Garesche,  Edmond  A.  B. 

1011  Garesche,  ViUl  W. 
1004  Garvin,  William  £. 
1014  Gentry,  William  R. 
1917  Gilbert,  William  B. 
1920  Gleick,  Harry  S. 

1916  Goldsmith,  David 

1917  Golterman,  Guy 
1920  Ooodbar,  Alvan  J. 
1917  Goodwin,  John  M. 
1904  Grant,  Lee  W. 
1920  Gravely,  Joseph  J. 
1014  Green,  Ernest  A. 
1016  Green,  James  F. 
1014  Green,  John  F. 

1020  Green,  John  Raebum 

1007  Greensfelder,  Bernard 

1020  Grier,  Robert  C. 

1014  Griffin,   Everett   Paul 

1018  Grimm,  J.  H. 

1004  Grossman,    Emanuel   If. 

1014  Haeuasler,  Harry  H. 

1006  Hagerman,  Lee  W. 

1016  Haid,  Edward  A. 

1017  Haid,  George  F. 

1012  Hall,  Claud  D. 
1020  Hall,  Fred  S. 

1013  Hall,  Homer 
1020  Hall,  Robert  W. 
1011  Hamilton,  Henry  A. 
1017  Hammer,  O.  W. 

1011  Hancock,    W.    Scott 
1020  Harlan,  Carroll  W. 
1020  Harlan,  Thoa.  B. 

1015  Harris,   Virgil   McClure 

1016  Hartmann,  Moses 

1012  Har>-ey,  Thomas  B. 

1014  Haslam,  Lewis  S. 
1020  Hauaman,  Albert  E. 

1016  Hay,  CJharles  M. 

1017  Hvden,  Merritt  U. 
1020  Hayes,  Walter  A. 
1020  Haynes,  Deloa  G. 
1017  Henderson,  Devereauz 
1020  Henning,  Thomas  C. 
1017  Henry,  J.  Porter 
1020  Hinch,  A.  L. 

1007  Hitchcock,  (Seorge  O. 

1015  Hobein,  Frank  A. 
1012  Hogan,  Granville 


at.  Louii  (St   Louis  City) 
Cont'd 

1011  Holliday,  John  Hodgman 
lOSO  Hoolan,  T.  J. 

1004  Hough,  Warwick  M. 

1016  Houts,  Charles  A. 

1021  Howe,  Alphonso 

1014  Howell,  J.  L. 

1016  HulTman,  Edwin  E. 

1016  Igoe,  WiUiam  L. 

1022  Irland,  FVank  W*. 

1017  Jackson,  Owen  G. 

1015  Jamison,  Dorscy  A. 
1916  Jeffries,  Sam.  B. 

1006  Jones,  James  C. 

1020  Jones,   James  C,  Jr. 
1911  Jones,  Richard  A. 
1920  Jones,  W.  T. 

1916  Jones,  Wilbur  B. 

1906  Jourdan,  Morton 

1920  Juat,  Arnold 

1916  Kalish,   Ralph 

1016  Kammerer,  A.  B. 

1021  Kane,  Joseph 

1014  Kehde,  Alfred 

1017  Keil,    William    Theodore 
1017  Kelso.   I.   R. 

1017  Killoren.   William   H. 

1022  King,    Goodman 

1012  Ring,  Jamea  B. 

1016  Kingsland,   Lawrence 

Chappell 

1015  Rinsey,  William  M. 

1007  Kirby,  Daniel  X. 
1020  Klene,    Benjamin   J. 
1020  Kohn.   William 
1020  Kratky,  Robert  J. 

1017  Kruger,  Chauncey  J. 

1016  Knim,  Chester  H. 
1020  Lacy,   Verne 

1020  Lake,   Edward   W. 

1020  Landwehr,  Frank 

1020  Lansing,  A.  B. 

1020  I^rimore,  H.  H. 

1020  Lashly.  Arthur  ▼. 

1013  LashlyTJ.  M. 
1020  Lavin,  Patrick  A. 
1020  Leahy,  John  P. 
1006  Leahy,  John  8. 

1014  Lee,  Edwin  W. 
1006  Lee,  John  P. 

1897  Lehmann,    Frederick  W. 

1917  Lehmann,  John  8. 
1909  Lehmann,  Sears 
.921  Leonard,  L.  L. . 
1920  Levi,   Abraham  L. 
1920  Levinson,  Morris  O. 
1916  Lockwood,  (}eorge  R. 


950 


AMERICAN   BAR  ASSOCIATION. 


St.  Louii   (St.   Louis  City) 
Cont'd 

1920  Longan.  Edward  E. 

1920  Lowenhaupt,   Abraham 

1916  Lubke,  0«orge  W.,  Jr. 

1901  Lyon,   Montague 

1916  McCarthy,  John  R. 

1911  McChesney,  8.  P. 

1916  McCullen,  Edward  J. 

1917  McDaniel,    Lawrence 
1909  McDonald,  Jease 
1920  McFarland,  Batea  H. 
1916  McLaran,  Rcbert  L. 
1914  McQuillin,  Eugene 
1920  McRoberta,   R.  H. 
1914  Macauley,  O.  J. 

1918  Mackaj,  Oeorge  O. 
1916  Maroney,  A.  C. 

1914  Martin,  William  McC. 

1916  Mayer,  Louia 

1920  Mayne,  Walter  R. 

1916  Meng,  Tliofl.  S. 

1920  Merriam,  Edwin  O. 
1914  Miller,  Edward  T. 
1918  Miller,  Franklin 

1921  Miller,  Victor  J. 
1920  Milligan,   James  J. 
1920  Minnia,   Milton  S. 

1016  Mitchell,  Samuel  A. 
1920  Mohr,  Frank  A. 
1911  Moloney,  Robert  E. 

1914  Moore,  Oeorge  H. 
1916  Morgan,  William  O. 
1920  Morrow,  Ohas.  E 

1017  Moraey,  Ohaae 

1915  Muench,  Julius  T. 
1890  Nagel,  Charles 
1918  Nahler,  Eugene  O. 
1920  Nangle,  John  J. 
1911  Nardin,  William  T. 

1916  Nelson,  Earl  F. 

1917  Neun,  Walter  J.  G. 
1920  Noell,   Charles   Preston 
1916  Nohl,  Walter  H. 

1920  Nolan,  John  A. 

1918  Nowlin,  Claude 

1018  Oberschelp,  Heniy  H. 
1916  O'Brien,  John  J. 
1916  Oliver,   Arthur  L. 
1909  Orr,  laaac  H. 

1904  Orrick.  Allen  C. 

1916  Orthwein,  William   R. 

1898  Ottoty,  L.  Frank 

1911  Overall,  John  H. 

1921  Overall,  Sidney  R. 
1020  Painter,   Earl  U. 
1920  Parker,  Jones  H. 
1920  Pearcy,  Claude  O. 


XISSOVEZ 

8t.  Louis   (St.    Louis  City) 
Cont'd 

1921  Pearcy,  Elmer  E. 

1917  Philips,  Thomas  L. 

1917  PhlllipB,  Alroy  8. 

1906  Pierce,  Thomas  M. 
1914  Pirkey,  Earl  M. 
1920  Plaisted,  H.  M. 
1920  Pohlman,  J.  Harry 
1911  Polk,  Charles  M. 
1914  Priest,  Heniy  8. 

1920  Prince,    Carroll    Thomas 

1920  Ralthel,   Edward  A. 

1914  Rassieur,  Leo  S. 
1900  Rassieur,  Theodore 
1017  Remmers,  Oliver  T. 
1911  Reynolds,  George  V. 
1911  Robert,  Douglas  W. 
1917  Roebke,  Emil 

1920  Roessel,  Robert  A. 

1916  Rogers,  Stephen  C. 

1911  Rombauer,  Edgar  R. 
1916  Rosenfeld,  Samuel 

1920  Roflskopf,  Henry  A. 

1910  Roudebush,  A.   H. 
1916  Rowe,  T.   J. 

1916  Rowe,  Thos.  J.,  Jr. 

1921  Rowland,  Claude  K. 

1917  Rutledge,  Charles  W. 
1917  Rutledge,  Thomas  G. 

1907  Ryan.  O'Neill 
1016  Sale,  Moses  N. 

1016  Salkey,  J.  Sydney 

1912  Saunders,  Walter  H. 
1921  Schaumberg,  William  H. 
1920  Schelp,  Walter  F. 

1920  Schneider,  Wm.  R. 

1917  Schneiderhahn,     Edward 

V.  P. 

1920  Sehwarzenbach,       Edgar 

H. 

1916  Schweizer,  A.  L. 

1915  Shepley,  John  F. 

1916  Sher,  Louis  B. 
1920  Simpson,  Arthur  E. 
1914  Small,  Harold  R. 
1904  Smith,  Luther  Ely 
1889  Spencer.   Selden  P. 
1920  Sprague,  Harry  E. 

1917  Springmeyer,    Oeorge   A. 
1916  Starke,  Brace 

1914  Stewart,   Alexander  P. 

1920  Stokes,   Thomas  0. 

1920  Strublnger,  Joseph  T. 

1911  Sturdevant,  WiUard  L. 

1913  Sullivan,  Frank  H. 
1904  Swarts,  Solomon  L. 

1017  Taylor,  Daniel  O. 


8t.  Louis  (St.  Loois  City) 
Cont'd 

1911  Tio^lor,  Peny  Post 

1916  l^n  Broek,  G.  H. 

1017  Thomas,  Spencer  M. 
1920  lliompoon,  Frank  A. 

1018  Tikompaon,  Guy  A. 
180B  Thompson,  William  B. 
1020  Tucker,  Miltoa  H. 

1916  Tumey,  John  R. 

1917  Upthegrove,  Daniel 

1920  Yaugfaan,  John  O. 

1917  Vetabarg,  Karl  M. 
1911  Tierling,  Frederick 
1016  Toylea,  David  W. 

1906  Wagner,  Hugh  K. 
1916  Wallace,  S.  Mayner 

1918  Walsh,  Edward  P. 
1900  Walther,  Lambert  E. 

1907  Watts,  Millard  F. 

1916  Webster,  George  B. 

1917  Weinbrenner,  J.   Ray 
1911  Werner,  Percy 

1080  Wcscoat,  Clarence  F. 

1911  West,  Samuel  H. 
mi  White,  Edward  J. 
19U  White,  Thomas  W. 
1916  Whitehill,  Hibbard  G. 
1016  Wiget,  Frank  J. 
1900  Wilfley,  Xenophen  P. 

1912  Williams,  0.  B. 
1912  Williams,  TyrreU 

1918  Winstewl,  George  W. 

1921  Wise,  Philip  0. 
1904  WisUsenus,  Fred  A. 
1878  Withrow,  James  E. 
1921  Witthaus,  John  A. 
1911  Wocmer,  WiUiam  F. 
1909  Wood,  John  M. 
19»  Wood,  Myrtle  B. 

1920  Woodward,   Willian  B. 

1916  Toung,  Tftylor  R. 

1917  Young,  Tnmian  Post 
1917  Zeppenfeld,  Robert  M. 
1916  Zumbalen,  Joseph  H. 

• 

Sftlom  (Dent) 

1916  DaltoD,  G.  a 

Iftv&Biuih  (Andrew; 

1916  WUliams»  I.  B. 

8«dAlU  (Pettla) 

1920  Dow,  Harvey  D. 

1920  Rocker,  Boy  W. 


STATB  LIST  OF  MEMBEBS  BY   CITIES  AND  TOWNS. 


961 


8pri]icfl«ld  (Oreeoe) 

1014  Barbour,  Edward  A. 

ino  Bate*.  8.  0. 

1917  CamabaB,  John  M. 

1916  Chilton,  J.  William 

1917  Dunt,  Hany  D. 
1916  Farrfngton,  John  & 
1916  HamUn,  O.  T. 
1990  Hawkfna,  Kirk 

1914  McDa^id,  Frank  H. 

1915  Kann,  Edgar  P. 
1914  Orr,  W.  J. 

1916  PatteraoD,  Orln 
1914  Bchmook,  John 
1916  Tatlow,  Wm.  D. 
1921  Williams,  Frank  B. 

Trenton  (Grundy) 
1916    Hubbell,  Piatt 

Troy  (Idnooln) 
1916    Bums,  John  L. 

VnlTonlty  Oiiy  (St.  Louis) 

1921    Oistlen,   Harry  Wight- 
man 

W4rronton  (Warren) 
1916    Roehrig,  Emil 

Washington  (Franklin) 
1912    Andrews,  Sidney  F. 

Waynesrillo  (Pulaski) 

1921    Eldredge,  H.  O. 
1916    Reed,  George  M. 

Wehh  Oitj  (Jasper) 
1914    Forlow,  Frank  L. 

Wostboro  (Atchison) 

1918  McOoll,  Clark  A. 

Wo9ton  (Platte) 
1921    Riley,  Terrence 

West  PUina  (Howell) 
1916   Hogan,  Robeit  8. 

MOKTAHA 

Anaconda  (Deerlodge) 
1921    Knight,  J.  B.  C. 

Ballantlno  (Yellowstone) 

1919  Cohen,  Harry  K. 


Mliaoni— MOVTAVA 

Bluings  (Yellowstone) 

1917  Brown,  Rockwood 

1922  Chappie,  Henry  A. 

1922  Coleman,  H.  J. 

1922  Crippen,  H.  C. 

1917  GrimsUd,  O.   King 
1906  Harwood,  E.  N. 
1906  Johnston,  W.  M. 
1922  McKinney,  J.  Herbert 
1922  Shea,  Thomas  F. 
1922  Wiggenhom,  R.  G. 
1922  Wilson,  Harry  L. 
1911  Wood,  Sterling  M. 

Boseman  (Gallatin) 

1921  Aitken,  Walter 
1906  Hartman,  C.  S. 
1906  Hartman,  W.  S. 

1922  Patten,  George  Y. 
1921  Smith,  Justin  M. 

Bntte  (Silver  Bow) 

1918  Bourquin,  George  H. 
1921    Davis,  T.  J. 

1921  Fluent,  F.  C. 

1921  Genzberger,   Earle   N. 

1921  Griffin.  Joseph  H. 

1921  Groeneveld,  John  A. 

1918  Kremer,  J.  Bruce 

1921  Leonard,  Charles  R. 

lOOB  Rodgers,    William   B. 

1921  Shelton,   George  F. 

1918  Stiyers.  D.  Gay 

1921  Walker,  Frank  C. 

1921  Walker,  Thomas  J. 

Obotoan  (Teton) 
1918    Sulgrove,  James 

Door  Lodge  (Powell) 
1916    Reeley,  William  E. 


(Lincoln) 
1922    Pomcroy,  H.  G. 

Forsyth  (Rosebud) 
1922    Young,   Margaret 

Qlaigow  (Valley) 

1914    Dignan,  Thomas 
1916    Hurly,  John 

Great  Falls  (Cascade) 

1916  Callaway,  Lew  L. 

1918  Cooper,  Ransom 
lffl9  Hoover,  W.  H. 

1919  Hurd,  George  E. 


Great  VaUi  (Csscade)  Cont'd 

1919  McCue,  T.  F. 
1906    McKensie,  John 

1922    Meigs,  Wellington  H. 
1916    O'Leary.  W.  F. 
1915    Peters,  Julius  O. 

Hardin  (Big  Horn) 
1922    Gillette,  O.  F. 

Helena  (Lewis  and  Clark) 

1906  Brantley,  Theodore 

1922  Brooks,  Herbert  L. 

1906  Day,  E.  C. 

1922  Foot,  L.  A. 

1915  Gunn,  Milton  S. 

1906  Holloway,  W.  L. 

1915  Pigott,  William  T. 

1921  Rankin,  Wellington  D. 
1896  Scallon,  William 

1922  Spaulding,  C.   A. 
1922  Toomey,  Edmond'  Gal- 

braith 
1908    Walsh,  James  A. 

Kalispell  (Flathesd) 

1922  Aronson,  A.  T. 

1922  Brennen,  William  J. 

1922  Child,  Ernest  M. 

1922  Erickson,  J.  E. 

1922  Kendall,  H.  A. 

1922  King,  Dean 

1922  Logan,  Sidney  M. 

1908  Noffsinger,  W.  N. 

1906  Pomeroy,  Charles  W. 

1922  Rockwood,  J.  B. 

1911  Ross,  David 

1922  Walchli,  Hans 

Libby  (Lincoln) 

1922    Blackford,  James  M. 
1922    Gray,  W,  H. 
1922    Rowland,  M.  D. 

LlTingston  (Park) 

1916  Allen,  Elbert  F. 
1921  Gibson,  Fred  L. 
1921    Miller,  H.  J. 

1921  O'Connor,  James  F. 

MUee  Olty  (C^iater) 

1906    Farr,  George  W. 

1922  Walker,  Sharpless 

Missoula  (Missoula) 

1920  Murphy,  William  Larkin 
1915    Parsons,  Harry  H. 
19Z1    Pope,  Walter  L. 


958 


AM£RIGAN    BAB   ASSOCIATION. 


Mlitonla  (MtaBoula)  Cont'd 

1920  Wayne,  William 

1917  Whitlock,  Albert  New- 

Ion 

PhUipiburff  (Granite) 

1921  McHugb,  R.  E. 

&»d  Lodff«  (Carbon) 

1922  Simmons,  Hubert  A. 

Roundup   (MuBselahell) 

1912    Mathews,  Thoa.  J. 
1922    Mercer,  W.  W. 

1918  Tbompaon,  Carl  N. 

81dn«7  (Richland) 
1922    Brattin,  Carl  L. 

8tevenivtll«   (Rayalli) 

1921  BaggB,  Ckorge  T. 

WhitaflBli  (Flathead) 

1920  Frederick,  Bock  D. 

HEBRABKA 

Alliance  (Box  Butte) 

1922  Basye,  Lee 

Aurora  (Hamilton) 
1918    Stanley,  Marion  F. 

Beatrioo  (Gage) 

1921  Colby,  Leonard  W. 
1921    Kidd.   Albertufl  H. 
1914    Pemberton,  L.  M. 
1906.  Rinaker,  Samuel 

1921  Sackett,    H.   E. 

BeaTor  City  (Fumaa) 

1922  Lambe,  Edward  J. 

Benkelman   (Dundy) 

1921    Hinea,  David  G. 
1921    Ratcliife,  C.  A. 

Blair  (Washington) 
1921    Maher,    William    J. 

Broken  Bow  (Custer) 

1916  Oadd,  N.  T. 

1916  Myeri,  Edwin  F. 

1921  Runyan,  Merle  M. 

1921  Schaper,  William  0. 

1014  Squires,  Edwin  E. 


MOXTAVA--WXBBABXA 

Centntl  Olty  (Merrick) 

1918  Martin,  J.  0. 

1921  Raecke,  Walter  R. 
1914    Ross,  Elmer  E. 

Ohadroa  (Dawes) 
1914    Crites,  Edwin  D. 

Oreighton  (Knox) 

1922  Green,  Joseph  F. 
1914    Meserve,  W.  A. 

Crote  (Saline) 
1914    Hastings,  George  U. 

I>akota  City  (DakoU) 

1919  Evans,  Robert  E. 

David  City  (Butler) 
1921    Ooufal,  Edward  A. 

Dunning  (Blaine) 

1921  Rezac,   Anton  A. 

Fliirbury  (Jefferson) 

1914    Barnes,  W.  H. 
1914    Denney;  (3iarles  H. 

Fremont  (Dodge) 

1914    Abbott,  C.  E. 

1912    Loomis,  George  Linden 

1922  Sidner,  Seymour  S. 

Friend  (Saline) 
1912    Proudflt,  Robert  M. 

Geneva  (Fillmore) 
1922    Sloan,  Charles  H. 

Goring  (Scotts  Bluff) 

1914    Hobart,  Ralph  W. 
1921    White,  William  W. 

Grand  Island  (Hall) 

1911    Paine,  Bayard  H. 
1907    Ryan,  Charles  G. 

Greoloy  (Greeley) 
1914    Howard,  T.  J. 

Eaiglor  (Dundy) 
1919    Crone,  Fred.  Henshaw 

Hartington  (Cedar) 

1914    Bryant,  Wilbur  F. 
1914    Robinson,  J.  C. 


Waattugi  (AdaiBB) 

1914  Dilworth,  W.  A. 

1912  Fuller,  Philip  R. 

1922  Lawler,  John  A. 

Hebron  (Thayer) 

1921  Hess,  Hsrvey  W. 

XndlanoU  (RedwUlow) 

1909  Kcyes,  Harlow  W. 

Xeamoy  (Buflialo) 

1922  Drake,   Hugh   A. 
1904  Dryden,  John  N. 

1920  Fitzgerald,  Joseph  M. 

1916  McDermott,  Edward  P. 

1921  McDonald,  N.  P. 
1914  Miller,  John  A. 

1922  Worlock,  Montague  H. 

Laurel  (Cedar) 

1917  Voter,  Frank  P. 

LiaoolB  (Lancaster) 

1914  Adama,  Qeo.   A. 

1921  Ankeny.  Harry  B. 

1914  Barrett,  Dexter  T. 

1921  Broacly,  Jefferson  H. 

1918  Brown,  Elmer  W. 
1921  Chappell,  Elwood  B. 
1921  Cosgrave,  P.  James 
1921  Davis,  Clarence  A. 
1916  Dean,  James  R. 
1921  Devoe,  Robert  W. 
1918  Doyle,  T.  J. 

1914  Flaherty,  D.  J. 

1914  Foster,  Fred  C. 

1921  Foster,  George  Nimmons 
1914  Foster,  Henry  H. 

1922  Good,  Paul  F. 
1914  Greene,  Philip  F. 
1901  Greene,  Robert  J. 
1901  Hainer,  Eugene  J. 
1906  Hall,  Frank  M. 
1921  Halligan,  P.  R. 
1921  Lcdwith,  John  J. 
1901  Letton,  (Varies  B. 
1914  McClenahan,  Daniel  H. 

1921  Mataon,  diaries  C. 

1920  Morning,  W.  M. 

1916  Morriasey,  Andrew  M. 

1922  Otis,  E.   R. 

1912  Peny,  Ernest  Beit 

1921  Peterson,  C.  Petrus 
1901  Robbins,  Charles  A. 
1914  Rosenthal,  Herman 
1921  Sanden,  Ctrl  E. 
1918  Seavey.  Warren  A. 


STATE  LIST  OF  MBHBBB8  BY   CITIB6  AND  TOWNS. 


953 


Unoolii   (Lancaster)   Oont'd 

1921  Stewart,  John  M. 

1912  Stewart,  Willard  E. 
1914  Strode,  Jeaw  B. 
1914  Tuttle,  Samuel  J. 
1921  Walford,  Roy  H. 
1892  Wllwn,  Henry  H. 
1921  WUaon,  Ralph  P. 
1914  WoUenbarger,  A.  Q. 

KoOook  (Redwillow) 

1921  Eldred,  Charlea  E. 

Kadiaon  (Madison) 

1906    Allen,  William  V. 

1922  DowUnr.  William  L. 
1919    Reed.  Willis  R. 

Mliidcn  (Kearney) 

1921    Anderbery,   Oharles   P. 

1921  McPheeley*  J.  L. 

Vebraaka  City  (Otoe) 

1914    Jeasen,  Paul 

1914    Livingston,  D.  W. 

Vcliffh  (Antelope) 

1922  W^illiams,  O.  A. 

Norfolk  (Madison) 
1922    W^amer,  Frank 

N.  PUUo  (Unooln) 
1906    Beeler,  Joseph  G. 

Omaka  (Douglas) 

1916  Baldrige,  H.  R. 

1890  Baxter,  Irving  F. 

1901  Blackburn,  Thomas  W. 

1913  Bockea,  Thomas  W. 

1900  Brogan,  Francis  A. 

1914  Broroe,  Clinton 

1912  Brown,  Norrls 

1913  Burbank,  B.  Q. 

1918  Congdon,  I.  E. 

1919  Corey,  Merton  L. 
1918  Oane,  Thomas  D. 
1911  Oofoot,  Lodowick  F. 
1918  Cunningham,  M.  O. 
1918  De  Lamatre,  Clayton 

Wm. 
1918    Dressier,  Wymer 

1901  Elgutter,  Oharica  S. 
1911    Ellick,  Alfred  O. 
1922    Fehrman,  Henry  J. 
1022    Fradenburg,  Joaepb  B. 

1914  rnmr,  Wm.  0. 


HSBBASSA^-arXyAOA 
Onaha  (Douglaa)   Cont'd 

1922  Qainet,  Franda  8. 

1922  Oainea,  Frank  H. 

1906  Gurley,  W.  F. 

1897  Hall.  Matthew  A« 

1914  Haller,  Oharlea  W. 

1901  Haatinga,  W.  O. 

1916  HoU,  William  J. 

1918  Johnson,  Alvin  F. 

1906  Kennedy,  Howard 

1907  Kennedy,  J.  A.  a 
1904  Kinsler,  James  C. 

1911  Learned,  Myron  L. 
1918  Leary,  Edward  F. 
1906  Loomia,  N.  U. 
1922  McBean,  Alan  J. 
1918  McQilton,  E.  G. 

1921  McGuire,  T.  J. 

1912  Magaw,  CHiarlea  A. 

1922  Matthews,   Francis  P. 
1021  Mecham,  George  N. 
1897  Montgomery,  Carroll  B. 
1911  Moorhead,  Harley  G« 

1911  Moraman,  Edgar  M.,  Jr. 

1918  Mullen,  Arthur  F. 

1919  Ifyera,  Hugh  A. 
1918  Neely,  Robert  D. 

1912  Page,  E.  O. 

1918  Ramaey,  William  C. 

1921  Randall,  Frank  E. 

1922  Randall.  WMliam  L. 

1920  Raymond,  Anan 
1912  Ready,  James  H. 
1918  Redick,  Oak  C. 
1918  Redick,  William  A. 
1906  Rich,  Edson 

1906  Rine,  John  A. 

1918  Root,  Jeaae  L. 

1916  Roaewater,  Stanley  M. 

1916  Saxton,  Howard 

1906  Scandrett,  Henry  A. 

1918  SchaU,  W.  A. 

1914  Seaia,  Charles  W. 

1897  Smith,  Howard  B. 

1922  StaulTer,  Carroll  0. 

1916  Thomas,  Amos 

1916  Van  Orsdel,  R.  A. 

1918  Vinaonhaler,  Duncan  M. 

1906  Webster,  John  L. 

1918  Woodland,  Frank  H. 

1911  Woodrough,  Joseph  W. 

1916  Wright,  Fred.  A. 

1918  Young,  Raymond  O. 

1922  Zlegler,  Isidor 

Ord  (Valley) 

1921  Davia,  Clarence  M. 
1918  Davis,  Claude  A. 


OiomU  (Polk) 
1914    Mills.  M.  A. 

PapilUoB  (Sarpy) 
1921    Nickerwm,  E.  8. 

PUttnnovtk  (Oaaa) 
1914    Dwyer,  D.  O. 

Ponca  (Dixon) 

1921  Kingabury.  C.  O. 

Schnylar  (Colfax) 

1922  Alien,  Wm.  L 

Boottablnif  (Scotts  Bluff) 

1914  Morrow,  Wn. 

1921  Motheraead,  James  G. 

1921  Simmons,  Robert  G. 

1921  York,  Boacoe  T. 

Soward  (Seward) 
1914   Thomaa,  J.  J. 

StapUtOB  (Logan) 
1901    (yNeiU,  Hany  B. 

StookrUla  (Frontier) 
1914   Cheney,  Luka  H. 

Teoumiak  (Johnson) 
1906  Davidaon.  Samuel  P. 
1921    Weetwood,  Lewia  C. 

Txyon  (McPherson) 

1921  McGraw,  J.    A. 

WaltkiU  (ThurBtoB) 
1912    Keefe,  Harry  L. 

Wayna  (Wayne) 
1914    Berry,  Frederick  S. 

WMt  Point  (Coming) 

1918  Anderson,  O.  C. 

WUber  (Saline) 

1919  Kohout,  B.  V. 

NET ADA 
Oarion  City  (Ormaby) 

1922  Baldy,  W.  E. 

1922  Charts,  Afred  Jean 

1918  Coleman,  Benjamin  W.' 

1916  Ducker,  Edward  A. 

1918  Fairiligton,  E.  8. 

1921  Fowler.  Leonard  B. 

1922  Mooney,  Homer 


954 


AHERIOAK   BAB  A8800IATION. 


Oarion  Olty  (Onnsby)  Cont'd 

1914  Poujade,  I. 

1914  BandezB,  John  A. 
1922  Sanford,  George  L. 
1922  Wright,  Benson 

SUM  (Elko) 

1916    Badt,  Milton  B. 

1915  Gaine,  Edwin  E. 
1922    Oarville,  E.  P. 

1921  Gaatle»  Herbert  U. 

1922  HenderMn,  Charles  B. 
1918    Johnson,  Elmer 

1922    McNaniani,  J.  M. 
1922    Taber,  E.  J.  L. 

Sly  (White  Pine) 

1920  Boreman,  Gilbert  F. 
1918  Chandler,  Charles  S. 

1921  Edwards,  Harold  Wm. 

1922  Jurich,  Anthony 
1918  Lockhart,  James  M. 

1920  McFadden,   Clarence  J. 

1921  Quayle,  Bert  L. 

TtBllon  (ChurotaiU) 

1922  Haight,  A.  L. 

Qwxd%nfiU»  (Douglas) 
1922    Montrose,  George  A. 

Lm  Tegai  (Clark) 

1922  Breeze,  Clarence  Dean 

1922  Butteed,  Richard 

1922  Clarke,  John  Robb 

1922  Ham,  A.  W. 

1922  Henderson,  A.  & 

1922  Hinman,  A.  A. 

1918  Horsey.  Charles  Lee 

1922  LUlis,  Henry  M 

1922  McNamee,  F.  R. 

1922  McNamee,   Leo   A. 

1922  Martin,  Edgar  Lb 

1922  Orr,  William  E. 

1922  Stevens,  Frank  A. 

lovelock  (Perehing) 
1922    Goodman,  Booth  B. 

Mlnden  (Kearney) 
1922    Brockliss,  Frank  E. 

Piooho  (Lincoln) 
1982    Scott,  A.  L. 

Bono  (Washoe) 
1922  Ayres,  Albert  D. 
1922   Bartlett,   George  A. 


vzYABA— vzw  SAimaaxs 

Beao  (Washoe)  Cont'd 

1913  Belford,  Samuel  W. 

1918  Boyd.  James  T. 

1918  Brown,  George  8. 

1921  Cantwell.  Charles  A. 

1922  Cheney,  Everett  W. 
1918  Cooke.  Hermon  B. 
1922  Curler,  B.  F. 

1921  Diskin,  Michael  A. 
1918  French,  Leroy  N. 

1922  Gardiner,  W.  M. 
1918  Green,  George  8. 
1918  Harwood,  Cble  L. 
1907  Hawkins,  Prince  A. 

1921  Henley.  Benjamin  J. 

1922  Heward,   Harlan  L. 
1922  Huskey,  H.  Walter 
1922  Kearney,  W.  M. 
1922  Knklinski.  Otto  8. 
1922  Kunz,  John  F. 
1922  Leeds,  Wm.  P. 
1922  Luncford,  E.  F. 

1920  McCarran,  Patrick  A. 
1922  Mcintosh,  C.  H. 
1922  McKnight,  William 
1982  Mashbum,  Arthur  Gray 
1922  Moore,  Milton  B. 
1918  Moran,  Thomas  F. 
1918  Norcross,  Frank  H. 
1922  Morehouse,  H.  V. 
1918  Orr,  John  8. 
1922  Percy,   Hugh 
1922  Pike,  Leroy  F. 
1918  Piatt,  Samuel 
1918  Price,  Robert  M. 
1922  Richards,  Charles  L. 
1922  Salisbury.  A.  N. 
1922  Salter,  Thomas  J.   D. 
1922  Seeds,    William   P. 
1922  Short,  Edward  C. 
1922  Sinai,  John  S. 

1921  Springmeyer,  George 

1917  Stoddard,  Boy  W. 
1990  Summerfleld,  Lester  D. 
1916  Talbot,  Cteorge  F. 

1918  Thatcher,  George  B. 

1916  Van  Der  Werker,  Jerome 
L. 

1922  Warren,  Anna  M. 
192S  Williams,  Eugene  L. 
1922  Wilson,  Wayne  T. 
1918  Withers,  Robert  G. 

1917  Woodbum,  William 

Tonopali  (Nye) 

1918  AtUnaon,  Harry  H. 
1913  AveriU,  Mark  B. 


Tonopah  (Nye)  Cont'd 

1911  Brown,  Hugh  H. 

1918  Porman,  William 

1921  Hatton,  William  D. 

1922  Rowson.  Walter 

Wtnaomsooft  (Humboldt) 

1918  <3al]ahan,  James  A. 

1918  Campbell.  Louis  G. 

1922  Hawkins,  Leslie  O. 

1917  Langwitb,  J.  A. 

Yorlngtoa  (I^^on) 

1921  Guild,  Clark  J. 

VZW  HAMP8KIKX 

Borlin  (Coos) 

1922  OouloiDbe,  Ofide  J 
1018  Daley,  Daniel  J. 
1907  Rich,  George  F. 

1918  Sullivan,  Edmund 
1922  Thayer.  Irm  W. 

Briatol  (Grafton) 
1916    Swain,   Clarence   Gordon 

(naromoiit  (Sullivan) 
1906    Hurd,  Henry  N. 

OdBOord  (Merrimack) 

1918  Brown,  Harry  J. 

1918  Couch,   Benjamin   W. 

1918  Deroond,  Fred.  C 

1920  Doherty,  J.  JoeepL 

1920  Donovan,  Joseph  C. 

1906  Hollis,   Allen 

1918  Martin,  Nathaniel   E. 

1918  Matthews,  Joseph  8. 

1916  Murchie,   Alexander 

1921  Page,  Edwin  L. 

1907  Remick,  James  W. 
1910  Sawyer,  William  H. 
1918  Stevens,  Henry  W. 
1801  Streeter,  Frank  S. 
1918  Sollowsy,  Frank  J. 
1918  Woodworth,  Edward  K. 

I>«T«r  (StraiTord) 
1918    Hughes^  Oeorgv  T. 

Bx«t«r    (RocUngfannn) 

1918   Soammon,  John 
1918   Toaiw,  John  E. 

maklin   (Meniauck) 
1918   PaitoML  Fnak  M. 


STATE   LIST  OF   MEMBEBS   BY    CITIES  AND  TOWNS. 


965 


E. 


ChirliAm  (Coos) 
1918    Marble,  Thomas  L, 

Gro^eton   (Com) 
1922    Aldrich,   Arthur  C. 

Hanover  (Grafton) 

1905  Oolby.  James  F. 
10Z1    Richardson,  James  P. 

Keene  (Oheshire) 

1914  Allen,  John  E. 

1918  Cain,  Orville  E. 
1921  Faulkner,   Philip  H. 

1919  Landers,  John  Joseph 
1921  Madden,  Charles  A. 
1911  Madden,  Joseph 

1921  Pickard,  Roy  M. 

LaoonU   (Belknap) 

1920  Beckford,  Frank  M. 

1922  Fowler,  Frederick  W. 

1919  Hale,  Fletcher 
1922    Hlbbard,  Charles  B. 

1906  Jewett,  Stephen  S. 

1920  Jewett,  Theo  S. 
1922    Normandin,  Fortucat 
1918    Owen,  Stanton 

1918    Tilton,  Frank  P. 
1918    Young,  Oscar  L. 

Lanoaiter  (Coos) 

1918  Morris,  Qeorge  F. 

LelMiBon  (Grafton) 
1920    Sloane,  Scott 

Lilbon    (Grafton) 

1919  Pike,  George  W. 
1918    Stevens,   Raymond  B. 

Littleton  (Grafton) 
1918    Bingham,   Harry 

X&nclieater    (Hillsborough) 

1920  Bingham,  George  H. 

1918  Branch,  Oliver  W. 
1920    Broderick,   James   A. 

1919  McLane,  John  R. 

1918  Madigan,  Thomas  H.,  Jr. 

1918  Peaslee,  Robt.  J. 

1918  Spaulding,  Harry  W. 

1914  Sullivan,  Patrick  H. 

1920  Thorp,   L.   Ashton 

1916    Tuttle,   James   Patterson 

1918  Warren,  George  H. 

1919  White,  Albert  H. 


NEW  KAMO^BHXBE— VXW  JEB8EY 

Kancheater    (Hillsboroagh) 
Cont'd 

1918   Wilson,  Allan  M. 
1918    Wyman,  Louis  E. 


Plymoiitli  (Grafton) 
1896    Burleigh,  Alvin 

Portamouth    (Rockingham) 

1918  Bartlett,  John  H. 

Booheiter    (Strafford) 

1919  Gunnison,   William  T. 

1911  Snow,  Leslie  P. 

Whitefleld    (Coos) 
1922    Bowker,  Edgar  M. 

Wolfeboro  (Oarroll) 

1920  Britton,  William  J. 

NEW  XSRSET 

Aflbory  Park   (Monmouth) 

1921  Durand,  Frank 

1922  Smith,   Benjamin   Biggs 
1922    Turner,    Joseph    M. 

Atlantlo   Oitr   (Atlantic) 

1912  Bolte,  G.  Arthu. 
1918  Bourgeois,  George  A. 
1899  Clevenger,  William  M. 
1903  Cole,  Clarence  L. 

1914  Coulomb,  H.  R. 

1913  Oaskill,  Edmund  C,  Jr. 
1912  Moore,    (Tharles  Sumner 
1918  Schimpf,  Theodore  W. 

1915  Stem,  Louis  E. 

Bajonne   (Hudson) 

1922  Adier,  Louis 

1922  Brenner,  Alfred 

1909  Cbamberlin,    Fredoric  E. 

1922  Dembe,  H.  B. 

1922  Garven,  Pierre  P. 

1922  Melniker,  Aaron  A. 

1922  Sedow,  Alexander 

1907  Van  Busklrk,   Dewitt 

Belvldero  (Warren) 
1896    Shipman,  Qeotgt  M. 

BrldgetOB    (Cumberland) 

1914  Bacon.    WaLer    H. 
1917    Loder,  Le  Roy  W. 


BrloUo  (Monmouth) 
lins    Thomas,  Howard  B. 

Camden   (Camden) 

1918  Berry,  Maja  Leon 

1918  Oarr,  Harvey  P. 
1922  Oarr,  Joseph  N. 
1907  Otatmw,  Howard 

1920  Osaselman,  Mark  F. 
1914  Cooper,  Howard  M. 
1922  Darnell,  Wn.  S. 
1907  French,  Tbonaa  E. 
1914  Jess,  Frank  B. 

1914    Jones,  Wm.  dayton 

1919  Myers,  John  Daahiell 
1918    Read,  William  T. 

1913  Richards,  Samuel  H. 
1922  Richman,  Orover  C. 
1918  Starr,  Lewis 

1914  Thomas,   Joseph  L. 

Oapa  Xay  Court  Home 
(Cape  May) 

1912    Hand,  Morgan 

Clinton   (Hunterdon) 
1912   Gebhardt,  William  0. 

Salt  Oranre  (Essex) 

1918    Gedney,  Jerome  D. 
1916    Vanderlipp,  W.  T. 

Egg  Harbor  City  (Atlantic) 
1918    Hamilton,  Herman  L. 

Elisabeth   (Union) 

1981    Bender,  Albert  F. 

1921  Bender,   Welcome  W. 

1920  David,  Abe  J. 

1920  Depew,  Harold 

1921  Eldridge,  Sidney  W. 
1921  English,  Frank  A. 
1918  English,  John  K. 

1920  Gordon,  Francis  A. 

1921  Groves,  William  F. 
1918  Hague,  Joseph  T. 

1922  La  Corte,  Salvatore  F. 
1921  Leavitt,   Nathan  R. 

1920  Stein.  Alfred  A. 

1921  Ulbrich.  Adolph 

1918    Whittemore,  Qark  McK. 
1914    Wilson,  WUliam  R. 

Vreehold   (Monmouth) 

1922  Cowart,   Samuel  Chraig 
1921    UwTence,  Rulif  V. 
1921    McDermott,  Joseph 


956 


AMSaiGAK    BAR   ASSOCIATION. 


Baoteniaok    (Ber^n) 

1921  Agnew,    Arthur  M. 

1921  Altschuler,  Rex  Baine 

1916  Campbell.  Luther  A. 

1921  Contant,  Marinut 

1921  DeLorenzo,    William 

1921  Hart,  A.  C. 

1912  Mabie,   Clarence 

1921  Thorapaon,  Robert  W. 

1921  Vanderwart,  Hermao 

1921  Westervelt,    Warner    W. 
1918  Wright,  Wendell  J. 

BaokettstowB   (Warren) 

1918  Fisher,  James 

Koboken  (Hudson) 

1912  Besaon,  J.  W.  Rufus 

1922  Besson,  Samuel  A. 
1918  Caffcrata,   Harry  J. 
1918  Fallon,  John  J. 
1922  Herr,  Dougal 

1922  Stevens.  Basil  IL 

1922  Stuhr,   William  S. 

1922  Tiffany,  J.  Raymond 

Jmney  Oity  (Hudson) 

1922  Bentley,  Peter 

1922  Blankenhom,   D,   Eugene 

1922  Blohm,  Charles  H. 

1912  Boardman,   Richard 

1922  Brogan,   Thoma3  J. 

1916  Carey,  Robert 

1914  <3arey,  William  H. 

1922  Cook,   Pierre  F. 

1922  Corbin,  (Element  K. 

1922  Dear,  Arthur  T. 

1922  Decker,  William  E. 

1922  Drewen,  John  F.,  Jr. 

1922  Erwin.  James  R. 

1922  Flemming,  Robert  L. 

1922  Gannon.  William  R. 

1922  Garrison,   Carlyle 

1922  Gough,  John  F. 

1914  Haight,  Thomas  Q. 

1922  Hartpence,    John    Arml' 

tage 

1922  Holman,  Edward  S. 

1922  Hughes,  CJharles  B. 

1922  Insley,  Earle 

1922  Jacobs,  Sidney 

1918  Lane,  Harry 

1914  McMaster,  John  S. 

1922  Markley,  Edward  A. 

1914  Milton,  John 

1914  Rosenberg,  Mazinkilian 

T. 


VSW  JSXWY 
Jeriej  Oity  (Hudson)  Cont'd 

1916  Runyon,  Henry  W. 
1922    Simpson,  Charles  E.  a 
1914    Speer,  Wm.  H. 

1922  Stout,  Edward  P. 

1922  SuUiTan,  Leo  S. 

1918  Sullivan,  Mark  A. 

1914  Tennant,  Geo.  G. 

1922  Turner,  Frank  G. 

1922  Van  Winkle,  Marshall 

1914  Wall,  Albert  C. 

1922  Wataon,  Ripley 

1917  Wortendyke,  Rynier  J. 
1922  Young,  Charles 

Lftkewood   (Ocean) 
1912    Kepperley,  James  E. 

Long  Branch   (Monmouth) 

1914    Slocum.  John  W. 
1921    Stevens,  WiUisro  A. 
1921    Van  Oelder.  George  W. 

KanaiqaAn   (Monmouth) 

1921  Pearce,    Benjamin    B. 

XUMUe  (Cumberland) 
1914    Miller.  Louis  H. 

Korrit   Plains    (Morria) 
1914    Pennington.   William 

Korristown   (Morris) 

1916  Garretson,   Leland  B. 
1914  Mills,  Alfred  Elmer 
1914  Salmon,   Joshua   R. 
1907  Sherman,  Gordon  E.    * 
1914  Wilson,  C.  Franklin 

Konnt   Holly    (Burlington) 

1917  Davis,  James  Mercer 
1912    Gaskill,   Robert  S. 

Newark  (Essex) 

1918  Anthony,  Roy  F. 
1907  Armstrong,  Edward  A. 
1916  Ashmead,   J.   Edward 
1918  Benjamin,  Frank 
1918  Bergen,  Frank 

1918  Child,  Francia 

1894  Colie,-  Edward  M. 

1916  Bemhard,  John  A. 

1922  Bilder,  Nathan 
1922  Blake,  George  H. 


H«waik  (Saei)  Cont'd 

1914  Cornish,  Abram  H. 

1918  Currier,  Richard  D. 

1907  Duffleld.   Edward  D. 

1921  Edsall,  Benjamin  F. 

1911  English,   Conover 

1918  Everett,  RuaseU  M. 

1916  Faulks,    Frederick  J. 
1928  Feick,  Carl  A. 

1917  Grice,   Horace  C. 
1900  Hardin,  John  R. 

1921  Harriaon,  J.   Heniy 

1918  Heine,  M.  Ctoewell 

1911  Hood,  Louis 

1922  Howell,  Corwin 
1918  Hurrell,  Alfred 

1906  Kalisch,  Samuel 
1922  Kaufman,  Samuel 
1890  Keasbey.  Edward  Q. 

1912  Keasb«gr,  Qeoive  U. 
1918  Lane.  Merritt 

1918  Leber.  Samuel  F. 

1912  Lindabury,  Richard  V. 

1922  McCarter,  Qeorge  W.  C. 

1898  McCarter,  Robert  H. 

1918  Mc<3arter,  Thomas  N. 

1918  MacMahon,  Cecil  H. 

1914  Martin,  J.  H.  Thayer 

1916  Mason,  Charles  M. 

1918  Murphy,  John  J. 

1918  Osborne,  Hany  V. 

1904  Parker,  Chauncej  O. 

1907  Pitney,  John  O.  H, 
1809  Riker.  Adrian 

1918  Sackett,  CUrance 
1911  Skinner,  Alfred  F. 

1919  Slingerland.  Archibald  F. 
1919  Smith,  Frederic  W. 

1922  Stanley,  .Edward   O.,   Jr. 

1916  Stockton,  Richard 

1918  Stryker,  Josiah 

1897  Swayze,  Francis  J. 

1914  Vanderpool,  W^oiant  D. 

1918  Wakelee,  Edmund  W. 

1922  Ward,  Waldron  M. 

1922  Wherry,  J.  Frederic 

1911  Whiting,  Borden  D. 
1922  Wolber,  Joseph  O. 
1914  Toung.  Henry,  Jr. 
1914  Toung.  Stuart  A. 

V«w  Bmniwlok  (Middleeex) 

1912  Daly,  Peter  F. 
1918  Strong.  Theodore 


M«wto&  (Suasex) 
1912   SimoosoD,  Theodore 


STATE  LIST   OF  ME 


Orange  (Egsex) 

1914    Davb,  Thomas  A. 
1911    Howe,  William  Bead 

1911  McKelvey,  Charles  W. 

Paia&io  (Passaic) 

1917  Watson,  William  W. 
1981    Weinberger,    Harry  H. 

Patertoa  (Passaic) 

1921    Beggs,   Frederic 

1918  Bilder,  Da%id  H. 
1921    Conistock,  Albert 

1913  Cunningham,  Robert  H. 
1906    Duroont,  Wayre 

1900  Dunn,  Michael 

1914  Gourley,  Williaa-  B. 
1921  Hinchclilfe,  Louid  V. 
1921  Hotstra,  Peter 

1921    Horton,   Rayton   E. 
1921    Hudson,   Walter  R. 

1912  Humphreys,  John  B. 

1917  Hunziker,  Gustav  A. 
1921    Joelson,  Harry 

1906  Lewis,  William  L 
1921  McKee,   Wood 
1921  Marelli,   Henry 

1918  Randall,  Edmund  B. 
1921  Scott,  Francis 

1921  Smith,  Albin 

1907  Stevenson,  Eugene 
1921  Steward,  John  W. 
1921  Tilt,  Edgar  M. 

1921    Van   Blarcom.   Frederick 

W. 
1921    Van  Oleve,  Frank 
1921    Van  Cleve,  Garret 
1921    Westerhoff,  Harris  J. 

Perth  Amhoy  (Middlesex) 
1897    Lyon,  Adrian 

PUlBJIeld  (Union) 

1920  Blatz,  Francis  J. 
1907  Eddy,  Clharles  B. 

1921  Hetfleld,   Walter   L.,   Jr. 

1922  Kunzman,  Irving 
1922  Randolph,  Asa  F. 
1921  Rothberg,  Harvey 

1921  Stillman,    William    Max- 

ton 

Princeton  (Mercer) 
1918    Smith,  H.  Alexander 

Rahway  (Union) 

1922  Armstrong,  David 
1920    Hyer,  Fred.  0. 


VZW  JX 

Red         1 

1914 

A 

1914 

B 

1907 

W 

Ridr 

1918 

M< 

1918 

M< 

RU 

1918 

Do         1 

Ringw> 

1922 

Cu 

Rvt: 

1921 

1lM\         I 

Sosuii       1 

1900 

Ber 

8a 

1907 

Frai 

Tr«     1 

1921 

Bac      1 

1922 

Bodi 

1918 

Bud      1 

1921 

Budj 

1921 

Chai     1 

1910 

Davi     < 

1918 

Dizo 

1921 

Fren    , 

1921 

Ham     1 

1921 

Hart     1 

1913 

Katzc 

1921 

Lann    i 

1921 

Reicl 

1914 

Rellsl    : 

1921 

Sattei    1 

1921 

Scami   1 

1914 

Trend  i 

1913 

Walkc  , 

1921 

Wi«)t 

Weit  1 

1913 

Oliver, 

Weet  Ho  i 

1917 

McEws  1 

Woodbui ; 

1914 

Summei 

1917 

Swackhi 

968 


AHERIGAK   BAB  AS800IATI0N. 


Lovliirtoii  (Let) 
1921    Garter.  Powhatan 

Raton  (Oolfax) 

1921    BicUey,  Howard  L. 

1919  Crainpton,  Edwin  Oook 

1920  Leahy,  J. 

1917  Phlllipe.  Orle  L. 

1921  Sadler,  Daniel  K. 
1914  SeabeiKi  Huiro 
1921  Wilflon,  Louia  S. 

Rotw«U  (Ghaves) 

1917    Brice,  Gharlea  R. 

1917  Dow,  Hiram  H. 

1920  Fullen,  Louis  O. 
1911    Hervey,  James  M. 

1921  Wyatt,  Dillard  H. 

Santa  Fa  (Santa  Fe) 

1920  Backstrom,  James  L. 

1921  Bowman,  Harry  S. 

1911  Glancy,  Frank  W. 

1922  Edwards,  Arthur  M. 
1920    Holloman,  Reed 

1912  Mechem,  Merritt  G. 
1916    Neblett,  0)lin 

1914    Raynolds,  Herbert  F. 
1912    Renehan,  A.  B. 

1918  Roberts,  Clarence  J. 

1911  Wilson,  Francis  G. 
1918    Wright,  Edward  R. 

SU^ar  City  (Grant) 

1920  Ryan,  Raymond  B, 

19Z1  Shettler,  John  Henry 

1920  Walton,  William  B. 

1920  White,  Alvan  N. 

1918  W^ilson,  Percy 

Socano  (Sooorro) 

1920  Fitch,  James  G. 

Springar  (CJoKax) 

1921  Holly,  William  R. 

Tact  (Taos) 

1920    Ghectham,  Francis  J. 
1920    McKean,  William 

Tuenmoaii   (Quay) 
1021    Prentice,  Royal  A. 

NEW  YORK 

Albany  (Albany) 

1912  Bender,  Melvin  T. 
1920    Bumside,  R.  B. 


VBW  KEXZOO— KSW  YORK 

Albany  (Albany)  Cont'd 

1921  CJaplan,  Samuel 

1917  Garr,  Lewis  E. 
1914  Classen,  Philip  L. 
1914  Delehanty,  John  A. 
1904  Dugan,  Patrick  G. 

1914  Ervlng,  Wm.  Van  Renss. 

1914  Farren,  James  J. 

1916  Fennell,  Thomas  F. 
1894  Fiero,  J.  Newton 

1922  Gillett,  Ransom  H. 
1898  Qleason,  John  H. 
1904  Glynn,  Martin  H. 
1016  Orlffln,  Edward  G. 

1918  Herrick,  D.  Gady 
1921  Hinman,  Harold*  J. 

1921  Hogan,  John  W. 

1917  Hubbard,  Lester  Thomas 

1918  Illch,  Julius 

1917  Lawyer,  George 

1918  Leboeuf,  Rai»dall  J. 
1918  Miller,  Nathan  L. 
1911  MuhUelder,  pavid 
1914  Nellis,  Merwyn  H. 

1917  Parsons,  James  A. 
1920  Rifenburgh,  George  L. 
1911  Rosendalc,  Simon  W. 
1908  Rudd,  William  P. 
1911  Smith,  A.  Page 

1911  SUgg,  Charles  Traccy 

1922  Tobin,  CJharles  J. 
1911  Tracey,  James  F. 

1918  VisBcher,  William  L. 
1809  Wadhams,  Frederick  E. 

1911  Walton,  CJharles  W. 
1918  Whalen,  Robert  E. 
1914  Whitfield,  William  R. 

Amatardam  (Montgomery) 

1912  Borst,  Henry  V. 

Auburn  (Cayuga) 

1918  Brainard,  John  M. 

BaUpart  (Suffolk) 

1918  Ketcham,  Herbert  T. 

Ballaton  8pa.  (Saratoga) 

1911  Mehan,  William  A. 

BinghamtOB  (Broome) 

1922  Buckley,  John  T. 

1922  Deyo,   Israel  T. 

1914  Ha>a,  Frank  M. 

1911  Howard,  Arciiibald 

1922  Jenkins,  Fredric  W. 


BiBffhamion  (Broome)  Cont'd 

1911  Keenan,  Thomas  J. 

1889  McOary.  A.  J. 

1922  Meeker,  Rollin  W. 

1917  Newell,  Wirt  W. 

BronxrUla  (Westchester) 

1011  Kursheedt.  Manuel  A. 

Brooklyn  (Kingi) 

1918  Adel.  Frank  F. 
1922  Albert.  Helen  M. 
1918  Baldwin,  Stephen  O. 
1918  Benedict,  Russell 
1918  Blackmar,  Abel  E. 
1917  Brower,  Ernest  C. 
1922  Browne,  Joseph  G.  M. 
1917  Bunn,  Frederick  A. 

1921  BuBhell.  Willism  G. 

1922  Butler,  William  & 
1914  Byrne,  Edward  J. 

1911  Cahoone,    Richards    Mott 

1917  CSallahan,  Patrick  E. 
1922  (Campbell,  Francis  A. 

1918  Chatfield,  Thomas  L 
19S2  Omway,  Albert 

1905  Oane,  Frederick  E. 
1918  Cropsey,  James  C. 

1922  Curren,  Hector  McGowan 

1912  DieU,  Nicholas 
1912  Dobson,  Harrey  O. 
1918  Dooley.  Edward  J. 
1918  Dore,  Claude 

1922  Drescber,  Alexander  S. 

1922  Dykman,  Jackson  Annan 

1911  Dykman,  William  N. 

1918  Easterday,  John  H. 

1920  Fawcett,  Lewis  L. 

1922  Furst,  Michael 

1914  Gannon,  Frank  S.,  Jr. 

1918  Garvin,  Edwin  L. 

1920  (3ets,  David  B. 
1922  Gross,  Fred  L. 
1922  Hale,  William  B. 
1911  Haskell.  Reuben  L. 
1916  Herbert,  James 
1922  Horwill,  Edward  T. 

1921  Humble,   H.    W. 

1921  Jordan,  Francis 
1918  Kelly,  William  J. 
1918  Kempton,  Edwin 

1922  LipschulU,  Leo 

1921  McGiU,  Joseph  Tyaon 

1922  MacCh-ate,  John 

1906  Mack,  William 
1914  Martin,  George  W. 
1990  Nash,  Howard  P. 
1916  O'Neill,  James  T. 


Brookl/B    (Eingi)    Cont' 


I  all  RlFgctni*iu,  Edwai 

laiS  Brin,  Cturls  J. 

J  Bpirh^  PredFriok 

r  Stelnbrink.  Meter 


laiS  StruK,  Ollu  F. 

I«K  White.  John  B, 

I  WUkln.  Robeit  1. 

1*13  WIlBD.  Roben  II. 

1018  Wd<.[l(y,  Georgr  I. 


iduna.  Rirald  J. 

Uden,  Ouira  C. 
1011  Btkn.  Herrlt  N. 
lOS!    Bild;,  Ohrlilophfr 

,    Bfsli.  Elton  B. 
Ulll    BiiHll.   Frederick   < 
ini    Burb,  Thomu  C. 
1011    Bush,   Uyrou  P. 


mi    Cdtnorl 


,  Edv.  E. 


Willw  I- 

1  Core).,  Fred  D, 

1MB  Deibecker.  Ldu1>  E. 

tSll  Umbuier,  H.   F.,  Jr. 

ins  Dudlfj,  Jnrph  C 

1801  F]e<*chnUDn.  Simon 

IMO  Helllngi.  Dim  B. 

10Oe  Hill.  KoTj  W. 

mt  HollUer,  Ens 
Kent,   Ralph  S. 

:  Leughlin,  Fnnk  C. 

IMl  lAirmiic.  Thomu  E. 

I0n  Letchwortb,  Bdwird  H. 

I  Lewie,  Lcnn  I..,  Jr. 

I  Mtsuvem,  Wm.  J. 


ino  O'Brien.  John  Lord 

1*11  O'Connor,  OhirlM  Lro. 

1IU  Ptreon*.  JeiUH  W. 

18M  Ponterar,  Robert  W. 

I«tl  e^pentDii.  wllUrd  W. 


1*1>    i 


XZW  TOmK 
Bnffftln  (Erie)  Cont'd 
IBU    Wheeler.  Ohirlea  B. 
1*14    White,  OirletoD  H. 
1888    Wflcoi,  Atuler 
1*13    Wilion.  Robert  H. 


101S    Hale,  Ledyari 


1*22    Falrcfalld.  Chulee  8. 
I*IS    Kiler,  Ulcbael  H. 
101T    Remen,  FbDcnli 


XlMhrnnt  (Quteui) 
ini  Edwuda,  Clarence 
101S    QarretHiii,  Oarret  J. 

Elmlrk    (Oitniiinc) 


1*14  Falck,   Aleunder  [ 

1*E1  Henrr,  Lewla 

1011  Uaoderllle.  H.  0. 

10iO  Harlowe,    Richard 


leW    HcCbrthr,  i 


(9t.   Lawrence) 
int.    Dohw,  Jama  0. 
im    RueltoB.  Dallaa  1(. 
IMS    Johnaon,   Arthur  T. 

OrMBwlah  (Waditncton) 


BarUain  (HertfnifA 
ini    Bell.  Charlea 
1011    Earl.  Ourlaa  L 


960 


AMBRICAK  BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


Hooiiok  7aUt  (BeuMeUer) 

1912    Greene,  George  E. 
1922    TilTany,  Bsra 

Hndion  (Columbia) 

1912    Benson,   Cbirles  B. 
1907    Collier.  Frederick  J. 
1921    Tracy,  John  G. 

Hudfon    7alli    (Waahinffton) 
1914    Sawyer,  John  Everett 

ItliAoa  (Tompkina) 
1918    Bogert,  George  G. 
1917    Boatwick,  Edward  H. 

1917  Burdick,   Charles  K. 
1901    Inrine.  Prank 

1921  HcCaakill,  O.   L. 

1921  Newnmn,   Charlea   H. 

1921  St.  John,  E.  Morgan 

1914  Smith,    William    HazUtt 

1918  Sweetland,  llonroe  M. 

1921  Tarbell,  George  S. 
1912    Van  Cleef,  Mynderse 

Jamaica    (Queena) 
1907    Faber,  Xeander  B. 

Jameitown  (Chautauqua) 
1918    Jude,  George  W. 

Jerloho   (Naaaau) 

1922  Ellis,  Ralph 

Jabnitown   (Fulton) 
1914    Carroll,  Fred.  Linus 

Kew  Gardeni   (Long  Island) 
1922    Darling,  Charlotte  Kelsey 

KiAffCtOB    (Ulster) 

1906  Clearwater,   A.  T. 
1911  Flemnling.  H.  H. 
1918  Hasbrouck,  G.  B.  D. 
1911  Klein,  Henry 

1907  Van  Etten,  John  G. 

Late  Placid  (Essex) 

1917    Ishan,  Frederick  A. 
1922    Prime,  Raymond  C. 

Lookport  (Niagara) 

1921    Gold,   William   A. 
1907    Tiot,  DaTid 


nW  YOBS 

Loaff    Island    City    (Queena) 

1920  Conger,  Frederic 
1914  Hanavan,  George  B. 

1921  Morris.  William  J.,  Jr. 
1914  Rathgeber,    Emile  E. 
1918  Vaughan,  Athelstan 

Lowvilla  (Lewis) 

1922  Sheldon,  Edward  M. 

Lyoni  Falls  (Lewis) 

1921  Cox,  Harry  W. 

Xalone   (Franklin) 

1918    Allen,  William  L. 

1922  Kellas,  LeRoy  M. 

KeetaanleaYille  (Saratoga) 
1914    Frazier,  Robert 

liiddUtown  (Orange) 

1914    Taylor.  John  C.  R. 
1911    Thompson,  A.  C.  N. 

Kinaola  (Nassau) 
1918    Seaman,  Warren  C. 

Konticello  (Sullivan) 

1918    Lyons,  John  D. 

1916  Stahl,  Joseph  I. 

Kt.  TernoB   (Westchester) 

1918  Bennett.  Prank  A. 

1920  (lavanaugh.    Japes  H. 

1920  (}eaebeidt.   Albert  P. 

1920  Syme,  Sydney  A. 

1917  Tanzer,  Laurence  Arnold 

New  Brighton  (Richmond) 
1907    Anable,  Courtland  V. 

Vewbnrgh  (Orange) 

1018  Cantline,  Peter 

1911  (>>rwin,  John  B. 

1906  Hirachberg,  Henry 

1918  Hirachberg,  M.  H. 
1914  Kohl,  Henry 

1918    Seeger,  Albert  H.   F. 

Hew  Lebanon  (Columbia) 

1916  Fayerwcather,  Charlea  S. 

New   Boehella   (Westchester) 

1918    Keogh,  Martin  J. 

1918  Ritchie,    Albert 

1917  Schaffer,  Franklin  Pierce 

1919  Spring,  Samuel 


New  Yerk  Oitj  (New  York) 

1914  Aaron,  Herman 

1921  Abbey,   Edward   N. 

1912  Abbott,  Henry  H. 

1921  Abercrombie,  William  C. 

1914  Acker,  Edward  A. 

1909  Adams,    Andrew  Addison 

1007  Agar,  John  G. 

1913  Aldcroftt,  Richard  B. 

1921  Aldrich,  Winthrop  W. 

1922  Alexander,  Charle.  B. 
1907  Alexander,  Edward  A. 
1921  Alexander,   Mitchell  W. 
1907  Allen,  Frederick  L. 
1917  Allen,  Jamea  J. 

1921  Allen,  William 
1907  Allen,  Yorke 
1919  Alley,  Rayford  W. 

1922  Almy,  Don.  R. 
1922  Alverson,  Lyie  T. 
1922  Amend,   William  J. 

1919  Ames,  C.  P. 

1917  Anderson,  Chandler  P. 
1921  Anderson,  Roger  H. 

1921  Anderson,  T.  Hart 

1918  Anderton,  Stephen  P. 
1911  Andrade,  Cipriano,  Jr. 
1894  Andrews,  Jamea  D. 

1922  Angulo,  Charles 
1921  Antin,  Benjamin 
1911  Aplington,  Henry 
1907  Appcll,    Albert   J. 
1918  Appleton,  Charles  W. 
1921  Arbuckle,  Joseph 
1921  Arkush.  Ralph  U. 

1920  Armstrong,  William  C 

1921  Arnold,  Bernard  H. 
1907  Arnold,  Joseph  A. 

1914  Arroyo,  Julian  A. 

1922  Arthur.  Prank  D. 
1921  Asch,  David 

1921  Auchindoaa,   (Sordon 
1911  Auerbach,   Joseph   S. 

1917  Austin,  (George  C. 

1918  Avery,   Brainard 

1917  Avery,   Frank  M. 

1922  Azelrod,  Herman  S. 

1920  AztcU,  SUaa  Blake 

1921  Ayer,  Charles  F. 

1918  Babbage,  Richard  G. 
1921  Babcock,   H.   Howard 
1921  BackuB,  Grotvenor  H. 
1898  Bacon,  Stfdea 

1921  Bailey,  Theodor  L. 

1922  Bailly,  Edward  a 

1919  Baity,  Harold  James 
1918  Baker,  Joseph  J. 


STATE   LIST  OF  MEHBEBS   BY   CITIES  AND  TOWNS. 


961 


Vew  Y«rk  Oltj  (New  York) 
Cont'd 

192S  Baldwin,  Henry  De  For- 

19Z1  Baldwin,  Leonard  D. 

1911  Baldwin,  Roger  S. 
19U  Ballantine,  Arthur  A. 

1907  Banton,   Joab  H. 

1920  Banzhaf,  Albert  H.  T. 

1908  Barber,  Arthur  Wm. 
1922  Barbleri,  Joaeph  P. 
1919  Bariffht,  Olarice  M. 

1912  Barker,  Burt  Brown 
1912  Barker,    Wendell   P. 
1922  Bamea,  Arthur  S. 
1912  Bamea,  Henry  B. 
1918  Barnea,  Milan  D. 
1922  Bamett,  David 

1911  Barney,  Charles  Neal 

1918  Baron,  Saul  J. 

1928  Barranco,   Auguitlne  P. 

1921  Barry,  Gerald  J. 
1911  Barry,  Herbert 

1918  Bartlett,  Charles  H. 

1891  Bartlett,  John  P. 

1922  Bartlett,   Philip  O. 
1918  Bartlett,  Willard 
1922  Bartnett,   Walter  J. 
1918  Baakerrille,    Thomas    H. 
1918  Batea,  Kahl  Clement 
1911  Battle,    George    Gordon 
1921  Baum,  Joseph  M. 

1914  Bayea,  William  R. 

1921  Bayles,    Edwin    Atkinson 

1918  Baylis.    Willard   N. 

1921  Bajme,    Howard   R. 

1921  Beach,  Edward  8. 
1918  Beale,  Phelan 

1922  Beala,  John  David 

1911  Beardsley,  Samuel  A. 
1922  Beardaley,  Thomas  H. 
1914  Beattie,    Chas.    Haitland 
1922  Beattie,  Thomas  A.  S. 
1917  Beatty,   Robert  C. 

1914  Beattys,  Frederick  L. 

1917  Beattys,  George  D. 

1912  Beaty,  Amos  L. 

1921  Bechtel,  Edwin  DeT. 
1917  Becker,  Alfred  L. 

1922  Beeken,  Axel  V. 

1907  Beekman,  Charles  K. 

1908  Begg,  William  R. 
1922  Belknap,   Chaunoey 
1916  Bell,  CoUey  W. 
1921  Bell,  Jamea  R. 
1912  Bell,  Marcus  L. 
1904  Benedict,  Abraham 


y«w  York  City  (New  York) 
Cont'd 


1921 

Bennet,  James  E. 

1921 

1907 

Bennett,  David  C,  Jr. 

1917 

1906 

Bergen,  Tunis  G.  • 

1922 

1922 

Bergrnfeld,  Prank  F. 

1918 

1914 

Rerger,  Samuel  A. 

1921 

1921 

Berlinicke,  Harry  Robert 

1913 

1922 

Bemero,  Frank  A. 

1914 

1922 

Bemetein,  Benjamin 

1917 

1914 

Bernstein,  J.  Sidney 

1907 

1917 

Berry,    Carroll 

1921 

1914 

Betts,  Samuel  R. 

1912 

1917 

Bibb,  Eugene  8. 

1914 

1921 

Bickerton,  Joseph  P.,  Jr. 

1922 

1912 

Bickford,  Herbert  J. 

1922 

1914 

Bielaaki,  A.  Bruce 

1921 

1912 

Bien,  Franklin 

1911 

1922 

Biglow,  L.  Horatio,  Jr. 

1918 

1908 

Bijur,  Nathan 

1918 

1917 

Billings,  Cornelius  C. 

1907 

1913 

Bissing.  William  F. 

1921 

1918 

Black,  Loring  M.,  Jr. 

1922 

1918 

Blackwell,  Geo.  Engs 

1918 

1919 

Blair.  Floyd  (3. 

1914 

1911 

Blair,  Joa.  Pazton 

1921 

1922 

Blau,  William 

1921 

1914 

Blauvelt,  George  A. 

1921 

1918 

BloRh,  Adolph 

1922 

1914 

Bloch,  Henry 

1918 

1920 

Block,  Maurice 

1922 

1922 

Block,  8.  John 

1914 

1922 

Blumberg,  Samuel 

1915 

1922 

Bloraenthal,   Eugene 

1910 

1918 

Blumenthal,  Maurice  B. 

1922 

1907 

Blymyer,  William  H. 

1921 

1918 

Bogardua,  John  H. 

1921 

1906 

Bogert,  Henry  L. 

1921 

1914 

Bogue,  Morton  Oriswold 

1919 

1921 

Bohleber,  William 

1907 

1921 

Boland,  Prank  A.  K. 

1919 

1920 

Boleman,  Auatin  P. 

1921 

1917 

Boles,  E.  H. 

1912 

1918 

Bomeisler,  Louis  E. 

1920 

1911 

Bond,  Walter  H. 

1921 

1921 

Bondy,  Eugene  L. 

1920 

1918 

Bondy,  William 

1920 

1901 

Bonynge,  Robert  W. 

1915 

1921 

Booth,  John  Parkhnrst 

1914 

1907 

Borchert,    Hermann 

1917 

1921 

Borland,   Middleton  8. 

1922 

1922 

Borth,  Oscar 

1922 

1907 

Boston,  Charlea  A. 

1922 

1910 

Boston,  John  Guyton 

1910 

1922 

Boudin,  Louis  B. 

1921 

1911 

Bouvier,  John  V.,  Jr. 

1918 

1914 

Bowers,  Spotswood  D. 

1918 

1918 

Bowie,  J.  F. 

1907 

Hew 


York  Olij  (New  York) 
Cont'd 

Bowman,  Harold  H. 
Boyesen,  HJalmar  H. 
Bmcelen,  Charles  M. 
Bradbury,  Harry  B. 
Brady,  Janes  A. 
Brminerd,  Ira  H. 
Breckinridge,  Henry 
Breed,  James  McV. 
Breed,  William  C. 
Brennan,  Joseph  P. 
Brewster,  Joseph 
Brlce,  Wilson  B. 
Briesen,   Fritz   V. 
Brill.  Abraham 
Bristol,  George  W. 
Britt,  PhilUp  J. 
Britt,  T.  Louis  A. 
Broadwin,  Mdor  L. 
Brodek,  Charles  A. 
Brooks,  George  Murray 
Broanan,  John  Francis 
Brown,  Charles  P. 
Brown,  Charlea  T. 
Brown,  Edward  A. 
Brown,  Edward  J. 
Brown,  Reuben 
Brown,  William  Averell 
Browne,  G.  Morgan 
Browne,  EoUin 
Brownell,  Geoige  F. 
Brownell,  Henry  B. 
Brace,  Edward  B. 
Bruce,  M.  Linn 
Bruen,  Alexander  J. 
Bruere,  Henry 
Brumley,  Edward  R. 
Buck,  George  Warner 
Buck,  Gordon  M. 
Backner,  Emory  R. 
Buckner,  William  A. 
Bull,  J.  Edgar 
Bullowa,  BmiHe  M. 
Bungard,  Maurice  Z. 
Burger,  Edward  H. 
Bui^pefla,  Edwin  Haines 
Burgiiard,  Edward  M. 
Burkaa,  Nathan 
Burke,  Daniel 
Burkes,  Leon 
Burleigh,   George  W. 
l^rlingham,  Charlea 
Burlingham,  Charles  OL 
Bumey,  H.  Robert 
Buma,  Robert 
Borr,  Frank  Wright 
Burr,  William  P. 


962 


AMBKIGAK   BAR  ASSOCIATION. 


H«w  Y«k  Olty  (New  York)    , 

ir«w 

York  Olty  (New  York) 

Hei 

Ck>iit'd 

Cont'd 

1921 

Buahby,  Jamcfi  0. 

1922 

Chapin,  L.  H.  Paul 

1981 

1922 

Batcher,  David  F. 

1922 

Chapman,  Charles  McGor- 

1921 

1914 

Butler,  Charles  T. 

•  mack 

1922 

188S 

Butler,  WillUm  Allen 

1891 

Chase,  George 

1914 

1914 

Butler,  William  E. 

1921 

Chevalier,  Stuart 

1918 

1917 

Butterworth,  Georgre  F. 

1907 

Childs,  Edwards  H. 

1922 

189« 

Button,  Wm.  H. 

1921 

Chllvers,  William 

1921 

1990 

Buzzell,  Samuel  Jesse 

1909 

Ohirurg,  Isidore  S. 

1913 

1916 

Byles.  Axtell  J. 

1908 

Chittick,  Henry  R. 

1918 

1918 

Byrd,  William 

1921 

(Jhopak,  Jules 

1921 

1921 

Byrne,  Andrew 

1922 

Ghoroah,  William  H. 

1906 

1896 

Byrne,  James 

1921 

Ghryasikos,   George  J. 

1920 

1921 

Cabell,  Hartwell 

1918 

Chrystie,  Rinar 

1911 

1914 

Caffey,  Francis  Gordon 

1907 

Chrystie,  T.  Ludlow 

1922 

1918 

Caldwell,  Jas.  Hope 

1921 

Cianchetti,  Adolph 

1921 

1921 

Oalenda,  Vincent  D. 

1914 

Clare,  Wm.  F. 

1918 

1921 

Callahan,  Frank 

1922 

Clark,   Appleton  L. 

1918 

1921 

Oallender,  James  P. 

1914 

Clark,  Grenville 

1922 

1917 

Cameron,  Alexander 

1914 

Clark,  Heniy  Wallace 

1918 

1918 

Campbell,  Donald 

1917 

Clark,  John  Kirkland 

1906 

1907 

Campbell,  Frederick  B. 

1920 

Clark,  William  VL 

1918 

1906 

Campbell,  Ira  A. 

1922 

Clarke,  Richard  H. 

1981 

1913 

Campbell,  John  A.  L. 

1921 

Clarke,  W.  H.  Crichton 

1902 

1921 

Campbell,  Judson  D. 

1912 

Clay,  George  S. 

1921 

1907 

Canfleld,  George  F. 

1922 

Cleary,  James  C. 

1918 

1922 

Capron,  C.  Alexander 

1907 

Clinch,  Edward  & 

1921 

1922 

Capshaw,  Coran  P. 

1921 

Clocke,  T.   Emory 

1922 

1922 

Capshaw,  Hulon 

1922 

Clone,   George  William 

1918 

1922 

Caranicbolas  George 

1904 

Cobb,  A.  Ward 

1918 

1920 

Carden,  W.   Norton 

1907 

Cobb,  W.  Bruce 

1908 

1918 

Cardoso,  Benjamin  N. 

1922 

Cochran,  James 

1921 

1921 

Cardoso,  Michael  H.,  Jr. 

1896 

Cockran,  W.  Bourke 

1918 

1922 

Cardoso,  Sidney  B. 

1907 

CoflBn,  Herbert  L. 

1922 

1921 

CarelU  WUliam  F. 

1922 

Cohalan,    Denis  O'L. 

1917 

1921 

Carlin,  Frank  A 

1915 

Cohalan,  John  P. 

1907 

1912 

Oarlin,  Walter  J. 

1922 

Cohen,  Abraham  C. 

1988 

1918 

Carlson,  Frank 

1921 

Cohen,  George  L. 

1907 

1909 

Cams,  William  L. 

1918 

Cohen,  Harrey  J. 

1914 

1916 

Carrington,    Campbell 

1922 

Cohen,  Henry  L. 

1918 

1921 

Carrington,  George  D. 

1922 

Cohen,  Isaac 

1912 

1918 

Carroll,  Phillip  A. 

1908 

Cohen,  Julius  Henry 

1921 

1922 

Carson,  Adam  C 

1922 

Cohen,  Louis  Maxwell 

1922 

1912 

Cary,  Guy 

1921 

Cohen,  Max  G. 

1921 

1906 

Cary,  Robert  J. 

1921 

Cohen,  Samuel  L. 

1907 

1921 

Case,  George  B. 

1912 

Cohen,  WUlism  N. 

1907 

1921 

Cass,  Alvin  C. 

1918 

Cohn,  Eugene 

1918 

1918 

Catinella,  Frank  P. 

1922 

Cohn,  Louis 

1918 

1922 

Cavanagh,  Richard  Bryan 

1907 

Colby.   Bainbridge 

1921 

1922 

Cavanaugh,  William  P. 

1917 

Cole,  Ashley  T. 

1907 

1917 

Cbadboume,  W.  A. 

1914 

Cole,   Charles  D.    M. 

1921 

1911 

Chadboume,  William  M. 

1918 

Coleman,  John  B. 

1922 

1922 

Chalaire,  Walter 

1921 

Colety,  Francis 

1922 

1918 

Chamberlain,  Joseph  P. 

1922 

Collins,  James  F. 

1907 

1920 

Chambers,  Harry  B. 

1921 

Compton,  George  Brokaw 

1907 

1921 

Chandler,    Norman   Wil* 

1918 

OoBboy,  Martin 

1907 

mer 

1921 

Condon,  Richard 

1918 

T«rk  01t7  (New  York) 
Cont'd 

Conklin,  Lewis  R. 
Conklin.  William  R. 
Connor,  Charles 
Conway,  Thomas  F. 
Cook.  Alfred  A. 
Cook,  William  E. 
Cook,  William  W. 
Cooke,  Hedley  V. 
Coon,  Claude  L. 
Cooper,  Curtis  C. 
Cooper,  Dnuy  W. 
Corbett,  Edward  L. 
Corbin,  J.  Arthur 
Corin,  Max 
Com,  Jacob  H. 
Cornell,  Edward 
Cosgrove,  James  J. 
Cotillo,  Salavatore  A. 
Cottle,  Marion  Weston 
Cotton,  Joseph  B. 
Cotton,  Joseph  P. 
Coudi,  John  F. 
Coudert,  Frederic  R. 
Coulson,  Robert  E. 
Covington,  Geo.  Bishop 
Cowden,  Frederic  H. 
Cowell,  Thaddeus  G. 
Cox,  Robert  I^nn 
Cox,   Stephen  J. 
Coxe,  Macgrane 
Coyle,  John  B. 
Coyne,    Bartholomew    B. 
Crain,  Thomas  C  T. 
Oam,  J.  Sergeant 
Crane,  Alexander  B. 
Crane,  .Alexander  M. 
Cravath,  Paul  D. 
Crawford,  Frank  L. 
Crawford,  John  J. 
Oew8,  Ralph 
Oick,  Stephen 
Crocker,  Frank  L. 
Crosby,  Gorham 
Croeley,  Ferdinand  S. 
Crowley,  Edward  Chase 
Cruse,  George  E. 
Cukor,  Morris 
Cullom,  Neil  P. 
Culver,  Frederic 
Cunninghsm,  Warren  W. 
Curran,  John  F. 
Curren,  Lee  J. 
Curtis,  W.  J. 
Curtis,  WlUlam  B. 
Cushing,   Hany  Al< 
Coshner,  Mssrer  B. 


STATE   LIST  OF  MBit 


N«w 

Ywk  City  (New  York) 
Ooned 

H«w 

1922 

GutheU,  Chester  W. 

1921 

Die     1 

1920 

Cutler,  A.  S. 

1981 

Die     ; 

1922 

Outtinff,    Victor   Willard 

1917 

Dil     1 

1918 

CUTillier,   Louis  A^ 

1922 

Dii     1 

1921 

Gzaki,  Frederick  M. 

1921 

Din     1 

1907 

Da]y»  fikiwMfd  Hftmilton 

1911 

Dit     1 

1922 

Dftkiel,  Arthur  Y. 

1921 

Doa 

1922 

Daly,  Eugene  Y. 

1922 

Dox 

1921 

Dammoon,  Hilton 

1907 

Don 

1921 

Deua,  Charles  Betes 

1918 

Dob 

1922 

DaTOcnberg,  Jcaeph 

1922 

Don    ! 

1917 

Dart^Ff  Samuel  B. 

1921 

Doo 

1921 

DarHng,  Charles  W. 

1912 

Dor    1 

1922 

Darr,  Earl  A. 

1922 

Dos 

1921 

Dasbew,  Leon 

1913 

Dou    1 

1921 

DayidsoB,  ICaurice  P. 

1921 

Dov 

1913 

Davis,  Abraham  M. 

1913 

Dovi    1 

1922 

Darls,  Alex 

1921 

Doy    , 

1921 

Davis,  AmoM  L. 

1800 

Doy    , 

1922 

Daris,  Arthur  L. 

in8 

Dret 

1920 

Davis,  Clarence  M. 

1919 

Davis,  Pmnk  J. 

1922 

Dre\ 

1918 

Davis,  Horace  W. 

1921 

Dub   1 

1922 

Davis,  James  A. 

1928 

Duel 

1912 

Davis,  John  W. 

1917 

Duel 

1890 

Davis,  Vernon  M. 

1915 

Dugi 

1902 

Davis,  Walter  W. 

1916 

Dun4  1 

1921 

Davis,  William  C. 

1922 

Dun<  1 

1918 

Davis,  Wm.  Balph 

1921 

Duni 

1914 

Daviwm,  Alfred  T. 

1918 

Duni 

1913 

Dawes,  Hamilton  M. 

1914 

Duni 

1913 

Dawson,  Miles  M. 

1918 

Durh 

1922 

Day,  Leonsrd 

1918 

Durk  1 

1918 

Day,  Sherman 

1921 

Dush 

1920 

De  Agnero,  Miipiel  E. 

1914 

Dusti  1 

1900 

Dean,  George  C. 

1900 

Dutti  1 

1907 

Debevoise,  Thomas  H. 

1922 

Duva  1 

1917 

Decker,  Charles  A. 

1914 

Dwy« : 

1921 

Dee,  Michael  F, 

1907 

Earle 

1922 

DeFoe,  Frederick  W. 

1021 

Earle 

1914 

De  Forest,  Robert  W. 

1918 

Earp, 

1907 

Deiches,  Maurice 

1900 

Eastc 

1918 

DelaiMd,  Frederick  P. 

1918 

Eddy 

1922 

Delaileld,  Joseph  L. 

1922 

Edeir:  1 

1914 

Delafleld,  Lewis  L. 

1922 

Eder, 

1922 

Delaileld,  Lewis  L.,  Jr. 

1918 

Eder, 

1018 

Delehanty,  Francis  B. 

1921 

Edmoi 

1921 

Delehanty,  James  A. 

1906 

Edmoi 

1921 

DeMiUo,  Dorian 

1914 

Edmoi 

1922 

Demov,  Jacob  S. 

1921 

Edsall 

1914 

Denman,  Frederick  H. 

(Nei 

1896 

Depew,  Chsuncey  M. 

1922 

Edwar 

1920 

Desverine,  Raoul  E. 

1918 

Edwai 

1921 

Deutsch,  Bernard  fl. 

1922 

Egan. 

1916 

Devane,  Doeier  A. 

1922 

Eglest 

1922 

De  Witt,  Benjamin  P. 

1911 

Ehrho 

964 


AM£1UCAN    BAR  ASSOCIATION. 


V«w  York  01t7  (New  York) 
Oont'd 

1906  Flezner,  Benuurd 
1912  PlMn,  John  P. 
1912  Folejr,  Jama  A. 
1914  Foltz,  diaries  J. 
1929  Ford,  Michael  A. 

1907  Focdham,  Herbert  L. 
1921  Fordyce,    Alexander    R., 

Jr. 

1921  Foadfck,  Raymond  B. 
1918  Foeter,  Oharlei  L. 
1890  Foater,,Roffer 

1912  Fowler,'  Ctrl  H. 
1881  Fox,  Anaten  G. 

1922  Fox,  Robert  J. 
1922  Franc,  James  J. 
1922  Frank,  Herman  M. 
1914  Frank,  Julius  J. 

1920  Frankel,  William  Walter 
1914  Frankenber^,  Henry  R. 

1921  Frankentbaler,    Alfred 
1921  Frankenthaler,  George 

1917  Franklin,  George  S. 
1921  Fraaer,  Andrew  A. 

1921  Fra^,  Arthur  0. 
1907  Fraaer,  George  O. 

1918  Fraaer,  John  P. 

1922  Frederick,  Karl  T. 
1922  Frees,  J<rfin  Henry 

1918  Freschi,  John  J. 
1921  Fried,  Joseph 

1921  Friedman,  David 

1917  Friedich,  Charles  H. 

1919  Frost,  Frederic  W. 

1918  Frost,  Henry  R. 

1913  Frothingham,  llieodore 

L. 

1911  Fuller,  Thomas  Staples 

1907  Oaillard.  William  D. 

1922  Gallagher,     Arthur    Gor- 

man 

1922  Gallagher.  Harold  J. 

1922  Gallatin,  Francis  D. 

1907  Gallert,  David  J. 

1907  Galston,  Clarence  G. 

1922  Gamble,  Ralph  A. 

1907  Cans,  Howard  S. 

1918  Gardiner,  George  H. 

1002  Gardner,  John  M. 

1921  Garner,  Milfred  0. 

1921  Garrett,  Thomas,  Jr. 

1918  Garrison,   Lindley  Miller 

1921  Garten,  SUnley 

1921  Garts,  Tictor  E. 

1922  Qarvan,  Francis  P. 
1922  Garyer,  Chauncey  B. 
1907  Qarver,  John  A. 


V«w  T«rk  City  (New  York) 
Cbnt'd 

1914  Gary,  Elbert  H. 

1917  Gasser,  Roy  Cl 

1918  Oattell,  Benonl  B. 
1918  Gayegan,  Bdward  J. 
1922  Gaynor,  Frank  A. 
1912  Ganam,  Joseph  M. 
1918  Geist,  A.  Joseph 

1906  Geller,  Frederick 
1918  Gennert,  Henry  G. 
19S2  Gennng,  George  L. 

1907  Gerard,  James  W. 
1907  Geny,  Elbridge  T. 

1922  Oerstenberg,  Charles  W. 

1917  Oibboneyi  Stuart  G. 

1921  Gibbons,  Austin  Flint 

1922  Gibbs,  Frederick  H. 

1918  Gibson,  William  J. 
1921  Giddings,  H.  Starr 
1921  Giffln,  Nathan  F. 
1907  Gifford,  James  M. 
1897  Gifford,  Liyingston 
1921  Gilbert,  Frederic  N. 

1910  Gilbert,   Newton  W. 
1918  Gilchrist,  Alexander,  Jr. 

1917  Gildersleeve,  Henry  A. 

1918  Gill,  Charles  C. 
1918  Gillespie,  George  J. 

1921  Gillette,  Ralph 

1922  Gillin,  James 

1921  Gilmore.  Robert  William 
1907  Gilpin.  C.  Monteith 

1922  Glanz,  Darid  D. 
1918  Glasser,  Herman 
1912  Gleaeon,  A.  H. 
1907  Glenn,  Garrard 
1922  Glenn,  Willisni  L. 
1921  Godfrey,  Walter  B. 
1912  Goepel,  C.  P. 

1921  Goetz,  Jacob  H. 

1922  Goetz,  Norman  8. 

1921  Goidel.  Harr>'  A. 
1918  Goldberg,  Samuel  J. 

1922  Goldenberg,  Charles 

1921  Goldfarb,  David  E. 

1922  Goldfarb,  Philip 
1921  Goldin.  Gullle  B. 
1921  Goldman,  Charles 

1911  Goldman,  Julius 

1920  Goldman,  Mayer  C, 
1906  Goldman,  Samuel  P. 
1914  Goldstein,  Jonah  J. 

1921  Goldston,  Morris  J. 

1922  Gonzalez,  Antonio  C. 
1911  Goodhue,  Isaac  W. 
1918  Goodlett,  Nicholas  M. 
1921  Goodman,  Abraham 


TmH  Ottgr  (New  Tortc) 
Cont'd 

921  Gordon,  Bernard ' 

907  Gordon,  Gordon 

Gordon,  William  8. 

912  C^gtthold,  Arthur  F. 

Goveni,  Bngh,  Jr. 

918  Graham,  Arthur  B. 

921  Grange,  William  J. 
911  Gray,  Henry  G. 
902  Greeley,  WUliam  B. 

922  Green,  Edward  Henry 
922  Orsen.  William  W. 
921  Greenbaum,  Edward  8. 
918  GreeidMinn,  Samuel 

921  Greeniidd,  Arthur  D. 

917  Greene,  Richard  T. 

918  Greenough,  WiUiam 

922  GNgg,  Will  R. 
921  Gregory,  Alfred 
907  Gregory,  Henry  B. 

917  Griflin,  Anthony  J. 

918  Griflfai,  Charles  L. 

917  Grifltn,  John  W. 

918  GrilBn,  Wm.  H. 
896  Griggs,  J.  W. 
918  Gross,  Paul 

917  Grossman,  Charles 
1911  Grossman,  Moses  H. 

911  Oroannan,  William 

921  Grucnberg,  George  J. 
889  Guernsey,  Nathaniel  T. 

912  Ouggenheimer,   Okas.    S. 

922  Gulterman,  Milton  8. 
912  Gulick,  Archibald  A. 
914  Gurlits,  Augustus  T. 
896  Guthrie.  WilUam  D. 

918  Guy.  Charles  L. 
918  HaggerK>n,  Fred  H. 
914  Hahlo,  Louis  H. 

921  Hall,  Henry  T. 

922  Hall,  Louis  H. 
918  Hall,  Sidney 
921  Hall,  Walter  A. 

917  Hallook,  Charlea  P. 
921  Hamblen,  Chmce 

921  Hamersley,  Andrew  8. 
914  Hamilton,  Francis  E. 
914  Hamilton,  Henry  l>ewitt 

922  Hamilton,  Robert  Gray 
922  Hamilton,  Rolhuid  J. 
920  Hammer,  Ernest  B.  L. 

920  Hammond,  Henry  B. 
914  Hand,  Augustus  N. 

918  Hand,  Learned 
922  Handel,  George  F. 
904  Hanford,  Solomon 

921  Hanlon,  Daniel  B. 


STATE   LIST  OF  MEMBERS  BY   Gil 


miW  YOSK 

V«w  TOTk  0it7  (Hev  York) 

Haw 

York  Oity  (New  Y 

OoBt'd 

Oont'd 

1919 

Hanlon,  Edwwd  K. 

1918 

Hicka,  R.  Randolph 

1021 

Harawits,  Abnhttm 

1922 

Higgins,  AlTin  M. 

1918 

Harb7.  Marx  S. 

1921 

Higley,  Brodie  G. 

me 

HardiBff,  Edward 

1921 

Hill,  PhiUp  S. 

1913 

Hardon,  Henry  W. 

1922 

Hill,  Thomas  A. 

1911 

Hardy,  Obarlea  J. 

1911 

Hines,  Walker  D. 

1907 

Hare,  Montgomeir 

1918 

Hlnrichs,  Alfred  E. 

1921 

Harmer,  Hugh  M. 

1914 

Hinrichs.  Frederic  W. 

1911 

Harper,  Donald 

1917 

Hinch,  Morris  J. 

1922 

Harper,  Harold 

1914 

Hinh,  Hugo 

1907 

Harria,  Albert  H. 

1922 

Hlavac,  Albert,  Jr. 

1914 

Harria,  UaxweU  8. 

1922 

Hoar,  Friend 

1921 

Harrla,  Peyton  Randolph 

1911 

Hobbs,  Elon  8. 

1918 

Harris,  Sidn^ 

1917 

Hochberg,  Oscar 

1928 

Harriaon,  Julian  0. 

1916 

Hodson,  Clarence 

1911 

Harriaon,  Robert  L. 

1914 

Hoes,  Ernest  P. 

1918 

Hartfleld.  Joaeph  M. 

1921 

Hoffman,  Herman 

1921 

Hartman,  Guatave 

1907 

Holcorob»  AUred  E. 

1922 

HartBtein,  Benjamin  A. 

1922 

HoUey,  Nyle  J. 

1921 

HarUt^,  Harry  8. 

19U 

Holmes,  George 

1921 

Harvey,  Wallace  P. 

1922 

Holmes,  George  E. 

1921 

Harwood,   Gharlea 

1921 

Holmes,  Jabish 

1907 

Hatch,  Edward  W. 

1922 

Holmes,  Lester  S. 

1922 

Hatch,  Eugene  H. 

1921 

Holstein,  Mark  G. 

1912 

Haughwout,  James  Ard 

1918 

Holt,  George  C. 

1918 

Haviland.  Henry  H. 

1914 

Holt,  Roecoe  T. 

1900 

Hay,  Eiigene  G. 

1921 

Holtxoff,  Alexander 

1906 

Hayes,  Alfred 

1922 

Honig,  Ralph 

1922 

Hayes,  Carroll 

1922 

HoDig,  'Sigmund 

1917 

Hayes,  George  B. 

1918 

Hope,  Walter  E. 

1912 

Hayes,  James  11.,  Jr. 

1912 

Horan,  Michael  J. 

1918 

Hays,  Arthur  G. 

1918 

Homblower,  George  S. 

1918 

Hays,  Daniel  P. 

1921 

Horowitz,  Max 

1916 

Haj'ward,  Jonathan  B. 

1917 

Horwitz,  Harry  L. 

1907 

Hedges,  Job  E. 

1899 

HotchkiBS,  WUliam  H. 

1921 

Heinsheimer,  Norbert 

1914 

Hottenstein,  Mar|^^  S. 

1921 

Helfat,  J.  Nathan 

1911 

Hough,   Charles  M. 

1911 

Hellier,  Charles  E. 

1921 

Hourwich,  Isaac  A. 

1907 

Hemmens,  Henry  J. 

1922 

Howard,  George  C. 

1921 

Hendricks.  Henry  S. 

1921 

Howard,  George  H. 

1922 

Hendrickson,  Robert  E. 

1922 

Howe,  Thomas 

1921 

Henriques,   t^emando 

1914 

Howson,  Hubert 

1918 

Hensley,  Charles  0. 

1922 

Hubbell,  John  E. 

1916 

Herkimer,  Bert  8. 

1919 

Huberich,  Charles  H. 

1922 

Herrick,  Frederick  M. 

1907 

Hudson,  James  A. 

1922 

Hershfleld,  A. 

1921 

Hughes,  Charles  E..   Jr 

1917 

Hertwig,  Herman  S. 

1921 

Hughes,  George  W.  R. 

1914 

Hersog,  Paul  M. 

1918 

Hulbert,.G.  Murray 

1917 

Hess,  Jerome  Rayles 

1922 

Hull,  John  Harry 

1921 

Hewitt,  John  Vance 

1921 

Hull,  Lawrence  C. 

1918 

Hewitt,  Thomas  D. 

1922 

Hull,  Ralph  8. 

1921 

Heydt,  Herman  A. 

1911 

Humes,   Augustine  L. 

1922 

Heyman,  Henry  K. 

1922 

Hunt,  Leavltt  J. 

1918 

Heyn,  Bernard  G. 

1918 

Router,  Frederick  C. 

19a 

Hickey,  James  H. 

1918 

Hunter,  Henry  C. 

1918 

Hiekoz,  Charles  R. 

1917 

Hurd,  George  F. 

AKKRICAK   BAB  A8800IATION. 


VBW  TOBX 


Vow  York  City  (New  York) 

Mow 

York  Olty  (New  York) 

Cont'd 

Omt'd 

1022 

Keniion,  Oluirles  V. 

im2 

Lancaster,  Wm.  W. 

1881 

Kenna,  Edward  D. 

1921 

Lane,  Charles  J. 

1921 

Kennedy,  James  J. 

1912 

Lane,  Woloott  0. 

1907 

Kenneaon,   Thad.    DaTia 

1918 

Lange,  Oostav,  Jr. 

1922 

Kent,  Frank  J. 

1918 

Laski,  Leon 

1907 

Kenyon,  Alan  D. 

1914 

Lauer,  Edgar  J. 

1907 

KenyoB,  Robert  Nelson 

1907 

Lanterbacb,    Edward 

1894 

^enyoB,   Wm.   Houston 

1922 

Lanterstein,   Leon 

191S 

Keogh,   Thomaa  F. 

1921 

Larenburg,   Arthur 

1921 

Kern,  Howard  L. 

1921 

Lazansky,  Edward 

1982 

Kemgood,  Norman  W. 

1921 

Lazaroe,  Jacob  John 

1916 

Kemochan,   Frederick 

1918 

Lazenby,  John  R. 

1921 

Keutgen,  Charles  0. 

1918 

Leake,  Eugene  W. 

I8M 

Kiddle,  Alfred  W. 

1889 

Leavitt,  John  Brooks 

1911 

Kilsheimer,  James  B. 

1921 

Leavy,  H.  Wilford 

1912 

Kilsheimer,     James     B., 

1894 

Lee,  Blewett 

Jr. 

1911 

LefBngwell,  Russell  C. 

1915 

Kimt>all,  Harry  Orant 

1915 

Lehman,  I.  Howard 

1912 

King,   Frederick  P. 

1918 

Lehman,  Irving 

1921 

King,  Robert  N. 

1922 

Leiterman,  Samuel  N. 

1921 

King,  Walter  John 

1918 

Lenasen,  Nicholas  F. 

1917 

Kingsbury,    Howard 

1917 

Leon,  Maurice 

Thayer 

1928 

Lesser,  Benjamin 

1902 

Klrchwey,  George  W. 

1918 

Lesser,  Jacob  J. 

1899 

KirUn,  J.  Parker 

1921 

Leve,  J.  Arthur 

1907 

Kirtland,  Michel 

1922 

Levene,   Alexander 

1914 

Kitchel,  Wm.  Lloyd 

1911 

Levi,  Joseph  C. 

1913 

Kleeberg,  Gordon  S.  P. 

1921 

Levin,  Harry 

1921 

Klein,  Harry  T. 

1921 

Levis,  Robert  P. 

1922 

Klein,  K.  Karl 

1921 

Levison,  Philip 

1907 

Kling,  Joseph 

1921 

Levy,  Edward  B. 

1922 

Klinger,  Leopold 

1918 

Levy,  Felix  H. 

1921 

Knight,  Harry  E. 

1902 

Levy,  Joseph  L. 

1921 

Knobloch,  Henry  F.  J. 

1918 

Levy,  Leo 

1921 

Knox,  Arthur 

1918 

Levy,  Samuel 

1920 

Knox,  John  .Clarke 

1922 

tkyy,  Samuel  M. 

1921 

Knox,  Lewis  T. 

1922 

Lewinson,  Benoo 

1917 

Koch,  Edward  R. 

1920 

Lewis,  Clarence  M. 

1922 

Kohl,  Edwin  Phillips 

1922 

Lewis,   Liston   L. 

1914 

Kohn,  Walter  Thomas 

1914 

Lewis,  Louis  S. 

1922 

Kopple,  Morris  D. 

1922 

Lewis,  Robt.  E.   L. 

1922 

Kramer,   Samuel 

1921 

Lewis,  Roger 

1922 

Kraus,    Mortimer 

1914 

Lhowe,  Harold   Rogers 

1921 

Kreyoruck,  Frank 

1922 

Uchtig,  Arnold 

1920 

Krieger,  Myron 

1907 

Liebman,    Walter    H. 

1920 

Kuhn,  Arthur  K. 

1922 

Lilly,  William 

1911 

Kuhn,  John  J. 

1922 

Limburg,  Herbert  R. 

1922 

Kurs,   Irving  J. 

1918 

Lindheim,   Norvin  R. 

1922 

Kutner,   Joseph   H. 

1907 

Lindsay,  John  D. 

1921 

Kutscher,  Harry 

1922 

Lippitt,  Guy  H. 

1921 

Kuzmier,    Robert    X. 

1922 

Lippman,  Max 

1918 

Lacombe,   E.   Henry 

1921 

Livermore,  Arthur  L. 

1921 

Lambert,  I.  Sidney 

1912 

Lockwood,  Charles  0. 

1913 

Lamey,  William  J. 

1922 

Loew,  William  N. 

1921 

Lampke,   A.   Glazier 

1921 

London,  Horace 

1919 
1919 
1918 
1921 
1907 
1918 
1916 
1914 
1918 
1980 
1982 
1922 
1921 
1914 
1918 
1914 
1922 
1922 


1907 

1918 

1911 

1914 

1921 

1917 

1922 

1907 

1982 

1922 

1922 

1922 

1906 

1922 

1900 

1918 

1914 

1911 

1921 

1918 

1911 

1911 

1918 

1922 

1896 

1916 

1907 

1911 

1921 

1918 

1886 

1911 

1922 

1912 

1916 

1980 


rmk  01«3r  (MMr  York) 
OootM 

Loomia,  Homer  L. 
LotMh,  John  L. 
Loocki,   Wm.   Dewfy 
Lonrie,  John  M. 
Lovett,  Robert  S. 
Low,    Walter  CsrroU 
Lowe,  John  Z.,  Jr. 
Lowther,    WiUiam    Earie 
Luckey,  David  B. 
Ludirigli,  Elek  John 
Lorie,  Herman  I. 
I^n,  Ross  W. 
lorttle,  John  L. 
McAdoo,  William 
McAvoy,  John  Y. 
McOtbe,  Ambrose  F. 
McOtndleas,   Charles   W. 
Mc(noy,  Joseph  F. 
McOollester.    Parker 
McCook,  Philip  James 
McCorkle,  Walter  L. 
McOalloh,  Allan 
McDermott,  C.  J. 
McDonald,  Kinnie  O. 
McDonald,  PrathAr  8. 
McBachen,  John  C. 
McElheny,  V.  K.,  Jr. 
McQaree,  Franda  D. 
McGovem,  John  T. 
McGrann,   William    H. 
McOuire,  Edward  J. 
McDvaine,    Tompkins 
Mdnnes,  Hamilton 
Mcintosh,  Jas.   H. 
McKee,  Lanier 
McKelvey,  John  Jay 
McKenna,  Thomaa  P. 
McKercher,    Clark 
MdLaughlin,  George  A. 
McMahon,  Fulton 
McManua,  Terence  J. 
McNaboe,   James   F. 
McNamars,  Stuart 
McKulty,  WiUUm  D. 
McTigue,  John  G. 
McWilliams,    Howard 
Maaas,  Herbert  H. 
MacDonald,  Henry 
MacHeniy,  Charlea  A. 
Mack.  Julian  W. 
MacKenzie,  Kenneth  K. 
MacMahon,  Thomaa  F. 
MacVeagh,  Charles 
Magtnnis,  Samnel  Abbott 
Mahon.   WUliam  J. 


STATE   LIST   OF   MEKBERS    BY    CIT 


ir«w  York  Cit7  (New  Taric) 
Cont'd 

1918  MaleviiiBky,  Mosei  L. 
1921  Mallet-PreTOflt,  Severo 

1912  Maloney,   William  P. 

1921  lUnderaon,  Edward  W. 

1922  Manice,   Wm.   De  Forest 
1922  ICanafleld,   Henry  S. 

1914  Mansfield,  Howard 

1919  Manton,  Martin  T. 

1915  .March,  Moncure 
1917  Margeaon,  Wylie  O. 

1916  Marlon,  Samuel 
1922  Markewich,  Samuel 
1922  Marks,   Bertram   L. 
1922  Marks,  Maurice 

1917  Marsh,  Charles  Capron 
1922  Marsh,  John  B. 

1921  Marsh,  Robert  McC. 

1922  Marslian,  Everard  B. 

1913  Marshall,  H.  Snowden 
19U  Marshall,  James  M. 

1906  Marshall,  Louis 

1907  Martin,  William  J. 

1007  Martin,      William      Par- 
menter 

1914  Marvin,  Langdon  P. 

1916  Mason,  L.  Randolph 
1922  Masslich,  Chester  B. 
1914  Maaten,    Arthur    Hayns- 

worth 

1907  Mastick,  Seabury  C. 

1917  Mathewson,   Douglas 

1921  Matthews,  Ben  A. 

1922  Matthews,  William 
1921  Matthews,  William  J. 
1921  Mattuck,  George  F. 
IffU  Maxwell,   William  K. 

1918  Mayer,  Heniy  J- 
1918  Mayer,  Julius  M. 

1921  Mayer,  Milton 

1922  Medalie,  George  Z. 
1907  MeUen,  Chase 
1918  Melville,  Henry 
1922  Memhard,  Allen  R. 
1916  Menken,  S.  SUnwood 
1922  Merchant,  Ernest  H. 
1902  Merchant,  Henry  D. 
1922  Merle-Smith,  Van  8. 
1918  Metcalf.  Orlando  P. 
1022  Metcalfe.    Ernest   George 
1922  Meyer,  Charles  H. 

1911  Meyer,   Walter  E. 

1902  Meyers,  Sidney  & 

1921  Michael,  Jerome 
1013  Micbell,   Arthur  A. 

1922  MIddlebrook,  Frederic  J. 


MSW  TOBX 

ir«w  York  City  (New  Y 
Cont'd 

1913  Milbank,  Albert  Q. 

1309  Milbum,  John  O. 

1921  Miller,  David  Hmite 

1928  Miller,  Henry  & 

1913  Miller,  Hugh  O. 

1921  Miller,  Philip  U 

1914  Miller,  Seaman 
1805  Miller,  Wm.  W. 

1922  Millsaps,  Louis 
1914  Mingle,  Harry  Bower 

1921  Minrath,    Ferdinand 

1906  Minton,   Francis  L. 
1913  Mitchell,   Harold  C. 
1021  Mitchell,  Henry  B. 
1911  Mitchell,  Joseph  V. 
1911  Mitchell,     Robt.     Gh 

berlain 

1922  Moers,  Robert 
1922  Moffat,  Walter 

1918  Monroe,    Robt.    Orier 

1918  Montague,  Gilbert  H. 

1913  Montgomery,    Robert 

1911  Mooney,  Edmund  L. 
1921  Moore,  Edwin  N. 
1889  Moore,  John  B. 

1921  Moore,  John  Francis 

1916  Moore,  Samuel  W. 

1921  Moos,  Louis  H. 

1922  Moran,  Alice  H. 

1917  Moran,  Samuel  P. 

1918  Morawetz,    Victor 

1907  Morgan,  George  W. 

1914  Morgan,  Wm.  Osgood 
1918  Morris,  Arthur  J. 
1918  Morris,   Dave  H. 
1907  Morris;  Robert  C. 

1918  Morrison,  Isidore  D. 
1922  Morrison,  Louis  J. 
1907  Morrow,   Dwight  W. 
1922  Morse,  Richard  D. 
1894  Morse,  Waldo  G. 
1921  Moses,  Alfred  S. 

1921  Moses,  Henry  L. 

1922  Moses,  James  O. 

1912  MosesBohn,  David  N. 

1919  Mozzor,  Clara  Ruth 

1921  Mulqueen,  Michael  J. 

1922  Mungall,  Daniel 
1918  Murphy,  Charles  F. 
1921  Murphy,  J.  Edward 
1918  Murphy,  William  £. 
1007  Murray,   A.  Gordon 
1021  Murray,  Geo.  Welwood 
1007  Murtha,  Thomas  F. 
1916  Myers.  Saul  S. 


968 


AMi&RICAX    BAR  A8S0CIATX0N. 
« 

KSW  TOXX 


ir«w  York  Olty  (K«w  York) 
Cont'd 

1915  O'fihea,  Ambrote  L. 
1918  Ovarlander,  Ruftu  U. 
102S  Owen,  Clifford  B. 
1918  Pace,  Alfred  R. 
1911  Page,  CecU 

1911  Face,  Waiiam  B. 

1918  Paine,  Willie  S. 

1922  Panaro,  Carmine  A. 

1907  Pariah,  Edward  C. 

1898  Parker,  Alton  B. 

1911  Parker,  Junlue 

1910  Parkinson,  Thomas  I. 
1918  Parka,  Elton 

1907  Parmly,  Randolph 

1912  Paakiu,   Benjamhi  O. 
1921  Paakus,  Martin  B. 

1916  Paton,  Thomaa  B. 
1918  Patteraon,  Frank  H. 
1914  Patterwn,  Frederick  H. 
1907  Paulding,  Charles  C. 
1921  Peaslee,  Amos  J. 

1921  Peck,  Bajard  L. 

1907  Pegram,  Heniy 

1911  Pendleton,  Francis  K. 

1921  Penfleld,  E.  Jean  Nelson 
1918  Penrose,  John  J. 

1922  Perkins,  A.  Roy 
1922  Perkins,  Robert  W. 
1922  Perrin,  Lee  J. 

1917  Perry,  John  M. 

1918  Peters,  CurUs  A. 
1918  Peters,  John  W. 

1920  Peterson,  Thomas  F. 

1912  Pette,  Alfred  C. 

1921  Pettus,  Isabella  H. 
1894  Petty,  Robert  D. 
1907  Philipp,  Moritz  B. 

1921  Phillips,  John  Preston 
1892  Pierce,  Winslow  S. 

1917  Pierson,  Charles  W. 

1922  Pierson,  Howard  O. 

1920  nnks,  James  Leslie 

1906  Place,  Ira  A. 

1921  Plante,  C.  Bertram 

1918  Plataek,  H.  Warley 

1922  Poller,  David  S. 
1921  Pollak,  Walter  H. 
1921  Pompan,  Maurice  A. 
1921  Poore,  John  C. 
1918  Porter,  Claude  R. 

1907  Porter,  Louis  H. 
1912  Posner,  Louis  S. 
1921  Potter,  Edward 

1921  Potter,  Florence  Ilsnircr- 

field 

1887  Potter,  Frederick 


ir«« 

York  City  (New  York) 

Man 

Cont'd 

1921 

Potter,  Michael 

1918 

1911 

Potts,  Joseph 

1922 

1921 

Powell,  Frederick  J. 

1914 

1920 

Powell,  Henry  M. 

1922 

1919 

Powell,  Thomas  Reed 

1918 

1919 

Powell.  Wilson  M. 

1922 

1918 

Pratt,  Addison  & 

1916 

1911 

Pratt,  Chas.  A.  B. 

1907 

1914 

Pratt,  Qeorge  C. 

1921 

1922 

Prentice,  Ezra  P. 

1921 

1916 

Prentice,  Robert  Kelly 

1918 

1921 

Price,  Benjamin  11. 

1884 

1920 

Price,  Harvey  C. 

1907 

1921 

Price,  Morris  L 

1911 

1902 

Prindle,  Edwin  J. 

1918 

1912 

Pringle,  Edward  G. 

1806 

1914 

Prioleau,   Thomag   G. 

1913 

1907 

Proskauer,  Joseph  M. 

1921 

1921 

PSaki,  Nicholas  G. 

1920 

1907 

Purrington,  Wm.    Archer 

1917 

1911 

Putman,  James  L. 

191S 

1914 

Putney,  Edmonds 

1907 

1922 

Quigg,  Murray'  Townmend 

1921 

1917 

Quinby,  Henry  C. 

1921 

1907 

Quina,  John 

1921 

1922 

Rabe,   Rudolph  F. 

1921 

1922 

Ra^ner,  Louis  C. 

1922 

1922 

Raines,  George  Curtis 

1922 

1914 

Ramsey,  George 

1920 

1907 

Rand,   William 

1922 

1914 

Ransom,  William  L.^-nn 

1921 

1921 

Raphael.  Jesse  S. 

1907 

1921 

Rapp,  Stephen  K. 

1912 

1922 

RaHcb,  Simon 

1916 

1922 

Rathbone,  Albert 

1916 

1911 

Read,  William  T. 

191S 

1914 

Rcass,  Benjamin 

1911 

1894 

Redding,  William  A. 

1921 

1902 

Redflpid,  Henry  S. 

1907 

1922 

Reed,  Louis  F. 

1916 

191S 

Reed,  Robert  R. 

1914 

1894 

Reeves,  Alfred  O. 

1917 

1922 

Regan,  Jame«  S. 

1804 

1922 

Reich.  Max 

1922 

1915 

Rem8en,  Daniel  S. 

1914 

1914 

Reynolds.  Leonard  J. 

1921 

1922 

Rice,  Julian 

1922 

1922 

Rich.  Maurice  B. 

1921 

1921 

Richards.  George 

1922 

1922 

Ricks.  Jesse  Jay 

1921 

1918 

Riegelman,  Charles  A. 

1922 

1922 

Riegelman,  Harold 

1922 

1920 

Rifkind,  Albert  J. 

1921 

1911 

Riker,  Samuel,  Jr. 

1922 

1918 

Ritterbusch,  Hugo  H. 

1921 

1921 

Robeson.   Robert  J. 

1907 

Maw  TMk  Olty  CNew  York) 

Cont'd 

Robinsdn,  Beverley  R. 
Robinson,  Harry  J. 
Robinson,  John  C 
Robinson,  John  J. 
Robinson,  Nelson  L. 
Robinson,   Watson  B. 
Rode,  Henry  J. 
Roe,  Gilbert  E. 
Roeder,  Jehial  M. 
Rogers,  Chsrles  P. 
Rogers,  Oustavus  A. 
Rogers,  Henry  Wade 
Rogers,  Hubert  E. 
Rogers,  Noah  Comwell 
Rogers,  Robert  F. 
Root,  Eliho 
Root,  Elihu,  Jr. 
Roae,  Alfred  L. 
Rose,  L.  Raymond 
Rose,  William  R. 
Rosenberg,  Ely 
Rosenberg,  James  N. 
Rosenbluth,   Abraham 
Rosendale,  George 
Rosenschein,  Charles  S. 
Ross,  Arthur  Leonard 
Ross,  Ernest 
Rosston,  Walter  J. 
Rothschild,  Jay  Leo 
Rothwell,  Vincent  H. 
Rotkowitz,  Harry 
Rounds,  .Arthur  C. 
Rounds,  Ralpli  S. 
Rowe,  Charles  T.  B. 
Rubin,  George  R. 
Rubin,  J.  Robert 
Rubino,  Heuy  A. 
Ruch,   Clinton  J. 
Rush,  Thomas  E. 
Rushmore,  Charles  E. 
Russell,  Chsrles  T. 
Russell,  Edward 
Russell,  Isaac  F. 
Russell,  Paris  S. 
Russell,  Philip  W. 
Russell,  William  E. 
Ruther,  P.  F.  W. 
Rutherford,  Bobbins  S. 
Ryall,  George 
Ryan,  Frederick  R. 
Ryan,  John  Power 
Ryttenberg,  Moses  R. 
Sabbatino,    Peter   L.    P. 
Sachs,  Louis 
Sack.  Istdor 
Sackett,  Henry  W. 


STATE  LIST  OF  MEMBERS   BY   OK 


V«w  York  Olty  (New  York) 

Cont'd 

1907  Sage,  Dean 

1922  St.  John.  T.  Raymond 

1922  Salant,  Louii 

1921  *  SaltzDMn,  Samuel 

1921  Sammet,  Harry 

1916  Sammia,  Elmer  O. 

1928  Samaela,  A.  Bertram 

1921  Sanders,  Frederick  M. 

1920  Sanderi,  Walter  0. 
1916  Sanford,  Elmer  B. 
1918  Satterlee,  Herbert  L. 
1912  Sawyer,  Oleon  J. 

1922  Saxe,  John  Godfrey 

1921  Saxe,  lOrtin 

1918  Scanlan,  Michael  J. 

1912  Schaap,  Michael 
1921  SchafPner,  Walter 

1921  Schanzer,  Albert  D. 

1922  Scfaapiro,  J. 

1921  Scharps,  Albert  T. 

1919  Schechto',  Jacob 
1921  Schenck,  Frederick  P. 
1921  Schiff,  Jacob  R. 

1921  Schleimer,  Max 

1922  Schleainger,  Isidore  E. 
1921  SchloflB,  Norman  P.  8. 
1918  Schmuck,  Peter 

1921  Sdimuck,  ThomM   Kirby 

1922  Scholer,  Jacob 

1921  Scfaoonmaker,  Herbert  S. 

1914  Schramm,  Arnold  O. 

1921  Schreiber,  Benjamin  F. 

1918  Schreiber,  George  G. 

1911  Schmman,  George  W. 

1907  Schurs,  Carl  L. 

1921  Schtuter,  Edward 

1922  Schwab,  Joseph  S. 
1921  Schwartz,  Edward  S. 
1918  Schwartz,  Louis  J. 

1921  ikhwartzchild,  Monroe  M. 

1921  Schwebel,  Jacob  J. 
1918  Scott,  Rufufl  L. 

1922  Scudder,   Towaend 
1922  Scully,   Raymond  J. 

1913  Seabury,  Samuel 
1911  Seabury,  William  M. 

1914  Seaaongood,  Clifford 

1921  Seibert,  William  H. 

1922  Seidman,  Joseph  W. 

1921  Seligman,  Eustace 

1920  Seligsberg,  Walter  N. 
1918  Semple,  Lorenzo 

1922  Sena,  Harry 

1921  Serrell,  Arthur  H. 
1918  Seymour,   Daniel 

1922  Sejrmour,  John  8. 
1907  Seymour,  Origen  S. 


MEW  YORK 

V«w  York  City  (New  1 
Cont'd 

1918  Shaffer,  Jacob  H. 

1919  Shaine,  Mamice  L. 
1921  Shalek,  Bernard  A. 
1028  Shapiro,  Isadore 
1982  Shattuck,  Edwin  P. 
1921  Shaw,  Robert  A. 
1911  Sheam,  Clarence  J. 
1918  Sheen,  James  Morgan 
1918  Sheffield,   James  R. 
1907  Sheldon,  Edward  W. 

1917  Shellabarger,  Joseph  I 
1982  Sheppard,  Walter  C. 
1911  Sherman.  P.  Tecumseti 
1921  Sherman,  Thomas  A. 
1911  Sherrill.  Charles  H. 
1921  Shientag,  Bernard  L. 
1921  Shlivek,  Max 

1914  Sicher,  Dudley  F. 

1921  Siegel,  Alexander  B. 

1918  Siegel,  Isaac 
1022  Siegel,  Meyer  D. 

1914  Siegelatein,  Bennett  E. 

1914  SUlcocks,  Henry 

1914  Simmons,  Maurice 

1922  Simpson,  George  W. 

1921  Skinner,  George  I. 

1922  Skutch,  Ira 

1922  Slattery,  John  R. 

1921  Smith,  A.  Parker 

1808  Smith,  Burton 

1922  Smith,  Eliot  Oongdon 

1919  Smith,  F.  Harold 
1922  Smith.   Frederick  P. 
1922  Smith.   J.   Boyce,   Jr. 
1922 ,  Smith,  J.  Milton 

1913  Smith,   John  Thomas 
1922  Smith,  Leonard  Hull 

1920  Smith,  Stafford 
1917  Smith,  W.  Stebbins 

1914  Smith,  William  Mason 

1917  Smyth,  Francis 
1914  Smyth,  Herbert  C. 
1922  Snitkin,  Leonard  A. 
1922  Snyder,  Marshall 

1921  Sobel,  Joseph 
1921  Solomon,  Louis  H. 

1921  Solomon,  Mortimer  W. 

1918  Spalding,  Lyman  A. 
1914  Speer,  Peter  M. 

1911  Spellman,  Benjamin  F. 

1918  Speranza,  Gino  C. 

1907  Sperry,  Eugene  E. 

1922  Spiegelberg,  F. 

1918  Spingam,   Arthur  B. 

1921  Spitz,  Leopold 

1809  Spooner,  Charles  P. 


970 


AMSBICAX   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


N«w  York  Oltjr  (New  Toxic) 
Oont'd 

1911  TtJt,  Heniy  W. 

1921  Taft,  Walbridge  & 

1890  Taggftrt,  W.  Buab 

1914  Talbot,  Harry  A. 

1921  Tannenbaum*  Samuel  W. 

1917  Tanner,  Frederick  O. 
1907  Tappan,  J.  B.  OoIm 

1921  Tauach,  J.  Franklin 

1922  Tausky,  Alexander  A. 
1014  Taylor,  Charles  I. 
1921  Taylor,  Frank  Carroll 

1913  Taylor,  George  U. 
1906  Taylor,  John  Bobert 

1914  Taylor,  Myron  O. 
1900  Taylor,  Walter  F. 

1921  Taylor,  Winthrop 

1922  Teeta,  Herbert  M. 

1906  Terry,  Cbas.  Thaddeus 

1920  Terry,  Henry  T. 

1922  Tbach,  Bobert  Gordon 

1907  Thacher,  Archibald  G. 
1922  Theodore,  Millard  E. 
1916  Thomson,  George  J. 
1914  Thorn,  Charles  E. 
1907  Thome,  Samuel,  Jr. 

1921  Tison,   Alexander 

1916  Titsworth,    Frederick    S. 
1921  Titus-Wern«r,    M.    Stan- 

leyetta 

1914  Tobias,  Julius  D. 
1921  Todd,  Ambrose  O. 

1915  TomliAsoB,  Boy  E. 
1914  Tompkins,  Leslie  J. 
1914  Tompkins,  Millard  F. 

1918  Tompkins,  Walter  K. 
1014  Toole,  John  Conway 

1921  Towne,  Paul  B. 

1018  Towner,  Butherford  H. 

1922  Towuend,  Dallas  S. 
1914  Townsend,  Gerard  B. 
lOU  Townsend,  Henry  C. 

1917  Townsend,  Howard 

1921  Townsend,  Myron  T. 

1918  Tracy,  John  E. 
1018  Trapnell,  Benjamin 
1918  Treadwell,  Eugene 

1922  Tucker,   G«orge  W. 
1922  Tuckennan,   Eliot 
1914  TuUy.  Wm.  J. 
1907  Turrell,  Edgar  A. 
1914  Tuska,  Benjamin 
1918  Tuttle,  Charles  H. 
1921  Tweed,  Harrison 
1921  Twyeffort,  Frank  H. 
1914  Ulman,  William  Alban 
1914  Untermycr,  Alvin 


VIW  TOEX 

V«w  York  Oit7  (New  York) 
Cont'd 

911  Untermyer,  Samuel 

914  Vaill,  Edward  B. 

918  Van  Bensohoten,  Wnu  H. 

914  Vandirer,    Almuth    Cun- 
ningham 

.911  Van  Iderstine,  Bobert 

908  Van  Sinderen,  Howard 

922  Van  Winkle,  Albert 

922  Vamey,  Lucius  E. 

1913  Veeder,  Van  Vechten 

918  Viele,  Dorr 
890  Vieu,  Henry  A. 
922  ViUle,  Benedict  8. 

919  Voorhees,  Tracy  S. 
911  Vorhaus,  Louis  J. 

1922  Wachtel,  Samuel  Bobert 

918  Wack,  Henry  W. 

921  Wagener,  August  P. 

911  Wagner,    Franklin   Allan 

918  Wainwright,  J.  Mayhew 

922  Wald,  Albert 

917  Walker,  George  H. 

1914  Walker,  Geo.  B. 
917  Walker,  Boberts 

12  Walker,  Walter  B 

914  Wallace,  William,  Jr. 

921  Walser,  Guy  O. 
904  Walsh,  Arthur  B. 

917  Walah,  Thomas  L. 
887  Ward,  Henry  G. 

918  Wardwell,  Allen 

911  Warfleld,  Frederic  P. 

922  Warner,   John  B. 
922  Warshaw,  Irving  0. 
918  Waaserman,  Frank 
907  Wataon,  Archibald  B. 
913  Weadock,  John  0. 
922  Weathers,  Niel  A. 
918  Wechsler,   Martin 

91  i  Wechsler,  Sigmund 

920  Weed,  Chester  A. 

921  Weed,  Bichmond 
916  Wehle,  Louis  B. 

922  Weil,  Frank  L. 
922  Weiss,  William 
922  Weisser,  Budd  S. 
913  Weldon,  Bichard  E. 

913  Weller,  Boyal  H. 
922  Wellman,  Francis  L. 
916  Wellman,  Guy 

900  Wells,  T.  Tileston 

914  Wels,  Isidor 
907  Wensley.  Bobert  L. 
911  Werner,  Charles  H. 
911  Wesaelman,  Henry  B. 
914  Westermayr,  Arthur  J. 


Hew  York  Olty  (New  York) 
(TontM 

1921  Wetmore,  J.  D. 
1907  Whalen,  John 
1914  Wheat,  Alfred  A. 

1922  Wheeler,  Ernest  E.  * 
1879  Wheeler,  Everett  P. 
1904  Wheleas,  Joseph 

1922  Whitaker,  Frederick  P. 

1918  White,  Burrell  O. 

1914  White,  J.  Du  Pratt 

1922  White,  William  Oravath 

1918  White,  Wm.  Wallace 

1911  Whitford,  Daniel 
1907  Whitlock,  Victor  B. 
1918  Whitman,  (Charles  8. 
1918  Whitney,  Frauds  N. 
1922  Whitney.  Travif  H. 
1914  Wickersham,  Cornelius 

W. 

1907  Wickersham,   George   W. 

1912  Wickwire,  Arthur  M. 
1918  Wiener,  Adam 

1907  Wilder,  William  Boyal 

1921  Wiley,  Silas  M. 
1809  Wilfley,  LebbeuB  R. 
1914  Wilkie,  John  L. 

1906  Williams,  Frank  B. 

1922  Williams,  Harold  V. 

1907  Williams,  Henry  D. 
1014  Williams,  I.  Newton 
1918  Williams,  James  D. 

1921  Williams^  Roger  H. 

1922  Williamaon,  CUftoo  P. 
1918  Williamson,  P.  W. 

1917  Wilson,   Andrew 

1918  Wilson,  B.  B. 
1918  Wilson,  Eugene  & 

1921  Wilson,  Ludwig  U. 
1896  Wing,  Henry  T. 

1922  Wing,  Thomas  E. 
1918  Wingate,  l^illiam  W. 

1913  Winkler,  Max  H. 

1906  Winslow,   Willism  Bev- 

erly 

1914  Winthrop,  Branson 
1922  Winthrop,   GienviUe  B. 
1921  Wirth,  Frederick,  Jr. 

1907  Wise,  Edmond  E. 
Wise,  Henry  A. 
Wise,  Heniy  U. 

1918  Witte,  Herman  J. 

1900  Wolcott,  Prank  T. 

1920  Wolcott,  Balph  Sw 

1918  Wolf,  Balph 

1920  Wolff,  Henry  J. 

1016  WoliT,  Mervyn 

1896  Wollman,  Henry 


1911 
19U 


STATE  LIST  OF  MEMBERS  BY   Gl 


K«w  Ywk  City  (New  York) 
Cont'd 

1921  Wood,  Roger  B. 

1911  Woods.  Sam'l  B.,  Jr. 

1916  Woolsey,  John  M. 

1911  Worcester,  Edwin  D. 

1920  Wormaer,  I.  Maurice 

1921  Worthington,   George   E. 
1911  Wright,  Arthur 

1921  Wright,  Bartley  J. 

1922  Wright,  Boardman 
1911  Wyckoff,  J.  Edwards 
1921  Tankauer,  Alfred 
1911  Young,  Owen  D. 

1919  Young,  William  Wallace 

1911  Zabriflkie,  Oeorge    . 

1921  Zelenko,  Jacob 

1921  Ziegler,  Irving  E. 

1922  Zieser,  Julius  A. 

1982   Zimmennan,  Thomas  L., 
Jr. 

1921  Zinke,  Alexander  U. 

1922  Zollne,  Elijah  N. 

VUffara  TaUs  (Niagara) 

1916  Ackerson,  Fred.  M. 

1918  Chormann,  Frederick 

1922  Clark,  Martin  Lee 

1921  Cohen,  Paul  P. 

1921  Constantine,  Henry  A. 

1921  Findlay,  Francis  T. 

1921  Franchott,  Edward  E. 

1921  Hunt,   William  L. 

1921  Moore,  Robert  J. 

1921  Nicholson,  Frank  B. 

1921  Noonan,  Michael  J. 

1921  Orr,  George  A. 

1921  RobiUard,  Basil 

1921  Runals,   Clarence  R. 

1918  Smith,  WilUam  S. 

1921  Wallace,  William  C. 

1921  Weil,  Abraham 

Vorwleh  (Chenango) 

1911  Lee.  David  F. 
1918    Ray,  George  W. 

Vanck  (Rockland) 

1922  Coan,  0.  Arthur 
1921    HoffsUtter,  E.  W. 

1899    Quackenbush,  James  L. 

Ogdaniburg  (St.  Lawrence) 

1912  Spratt,  Thomas 

1918    Waterman,  Robert  E. 

Olean  (Cattaraugus) 
1918    Hastings,  Allen  J. 


NEW  TORX 
Oneonta  (Otsego) 
1918    Kellogg,   Abraham 

Oswtgo  (Oswego) 
1913    Barnes,  Esra  A. 

Falymra  (Wayne) 

1913  Sawyer,  8.  Nelson 
1902    Sexton,  Pliny  T. 

Patchogut  (Suffolk) 

1914  Jaycox,  Walter  H. 

PUttiburgh   (Clinton 

1914  Cotter,  Thomas  B. 

1921  Gordon,  Ernest  C. 

1912  Hogue,  Arthur  S. 

1921  Pattison,  William  L 

1914  Smith,  Frank  Euger 

1921  Tiemey,  Patrick  J. 

Port  Ohtster  (Westchesi   i 

1911  Taylor,  Benjamin 

Port  Henry  (Essex) 

1917  Dudley,  Fred  W. 

Port  Jervls  (Orange) 
1921    Gregg,  William  P. 

Potsdam  (St.  Lawrence 

1918  Ingram,  Harry  M. 

Ponghkeepiie  (Dutches 

1921  Arnold,  a  W.  H. 

1921  Barker,  ^arry  C. 

1912  Burton,  Robert 
1921  Haas,  Edward  K. 
1921  Hawley,  Earl 
1921  Lown,  Frank  B. 
1921  Mack,  John  E. 
1907  M(u-schaus«r,   Joe. 
1921  Reynolds,  Allen  S. 
1921  Russell,  Elijah  T. 
1921  Van  De  Water,  John  I 
1907  Warner,  James  Harold 
1921  Worrell,  George 

Biohmond   Hill   (Queens 

1917  Hoy,  Theodore  B. 

Rochester  (Monroe) 

1911  Adier,  Isaac 

1907  Brown,  Selden  S. 

1918  Castle,  Kendall  B. 
1914  CSiurch,  Frederick  F. 
1921  Cleary,  Edward  L. 


973 


AHSRIGAN   BAB  A8800IATION. 


VZW  TOBX— VOBTH  OABOUVA 


■kamMMM-  (OnoBdaia) 
19tl   Mfiford,  Oharki  R. 

l9ftiklU  (RocUiuid) 
lfll4   Bauer,  Oswald  A. 

IviTeni  (Rockland) 
IflU   Lexow,  Morton 

■jnUniM  (Onondaga) 

ins  AndrewB,  Williftm  8. 

im  Barker,  Allen  J. 

ins  Bond,  Ctoorge  H. 

19S1  Bondy,  Joseph 

19S1  Byrne,  (3harlea  V. 

ISSS  (Simpman,  George  D. 

1911  CSienay,  Jerome  L. 

I9B1  Clymer,  Virgil  H. 

1917  Ooatello,  David  F. 
1901  Deniflon,  Howard  P. 
19S1  Pearon,  George  R. 
19S1  Higgins,  Grove  L. 
191S  Hiacock,  Prank  H. 
1911  Hodgea,  Prank  B. 
1921  King,  Chester  H. 
1921  Kingalej,  Jesse  E. 
1921  Lewia,  Geylon  H. 

1921    Milford,  Gbarles  R.,  Jr. 
1911    Nottingham,  Edwin 

1918  Page,  E.  J. 

1921  Paraona,  Burton  B. 

1921  Rubin,  William 

1921  Setright,  James  0. 

1921  Shaw,  Oarleton  B. 

1921  Shulman,  Ralph 

19S1  Smith,  Jacob  0. 

19S1  Smith,  Ray  B. 

1921  Stillwell,  Giles  N. 

1911  Stole,  Benjamin 

1912  Vann,  Irving  Dillaye 
1909  Waters,  Louis  L. 

1921  Yehle,  Leo  J. 

TannenrlUa   (Greene) 
1914    Lackey,  Edward  W. 

TarrytoWB   (Westchester) 
1911    Daviaon,   Clarence   S. 

Tloondaroga  (Essex) 

1917    Lockwood,  Roy 
1917    Wickes,  Prank  B. 

TottoBLTlUa  (Richmond) 

1922  Marshall,  (diaries  A. 


Troy  (Renaselaer) 

1911  Curtis,  Prank  C. 

1918  Pilley,  Frederick  C. 

1914  Holmea,  Nortmp  R. 

1918  McCarthy,  Charlea  E. 

1914  McCarthy,  Joaeph  A. 

1914  Van  Santvoord,  Seymour 

1922  Ward,  H.  Judd 

UtioA   (Oneida) 

1918  De  Angella,  p!  C.  J. 

1911  Ferria,  T.  Harvey 

1917  Hart,  Merwin  K. 

1918  Keman,  John  D. 

Waddington    (St.    Lawrence) 
1921    Martin,  Frederic  H. 

WUion  (Delaware) 
1918    Sewell,  Albert  U. 


(Wyoming) 
1914    Charlea,  Elmer  E. 

Wmrwlok  (Orange) 

1911    Kane,  Michael  N. 
1907    Sanford,  Ferdinand  V. 

WatertowB  (Jefferson) 
1911    Carlisle,  John  N. 

Watklni  (Schuyler) 

1921    Northrup,  Seaman  F. 
1921    Watkins,  Lewis  H. 

Waverly  (Tioga) 
1921    Bell,  Frank  A. 

WelUTlUe  (Allegany) 

1921  Passett,  Lee 

Watt  Point  (Orange) 
1914    Kreger,  Edward  A. 

White    Plains    (Westcheater) 

1911    Barrett,  Henry  R- 
1911    Buckbee,   Monmouth   S. 

1922  Digney,  John  M. 

Whlteatone  (Queens) 
1922    Weaver,   W.   Edgar 

WoodhaTen  (Queens) 
1921    De  la  Vergne,  James  P. 

Woodatook  (Ulster) 
1921    ReiflFert.  Edith  A. 


1911  Brennan,  John  P. 

1918  Relyea,  William  a 

1918  Scrugham,  W.  Waiburton 

1918  Wallin,  William  J. 

1918  Walsh,  WiUiam  A. 

MOBTH  OABOLZVA 

AlbamarU  (Stanly) 

1917    Mann,    WillUm  Lee 
1913    Smith,  Robert  Lee 

Apex  (Wake) 
1917    Olive,  Percy  J. 

Aahaboro  (Randolph) 
1928    Robins,  H.  M. 

AahevlUe   (Buncombe)  ^ 

1911  Adams,  Junius  O. 

1911  Bernard,    Silas  G. 

1886  Blair,  John  S. 

1911  Bourne,  Louis  M. 

1916  Brown,  Mark  W. 

1917  Glenn,  J.  Frazier 
1921  Gudger,  Vonno  h. 
1915  Harkins,  Thomaa  J. 
1917  Johnston,  A.  Hall 
1921  Lee,  Charlea  O. 

1911  Martin,  Julius  0. 
1910    Merrick,  Duff 

1912  Merrimon,  Jsm-ss  O. 

1910  Parker,   Haywood 
1921    Pritchard,  McKinlay 
1909    Rollins,   Thomas  Scott 

1917  Stevens,  Henry  B. 
1921    Swain,  J.  E. 

1918  Sykea,  Charlea  Lee 
1918-  Thomas,  F.  W. 

1912    Van  Winkle,   Kingsland 
1917    Weaver,  Zebulon 

Beaufort  (CSarteret) 
1917    Duncan,  J.  P. 

Boone  (Watauga) 
1920    Linney,   Prank  A. 

Burlington  (Alamance) 
1917    CarroU,   William  H. 

BumaTllla  (Tancey) 
1917    Ray,  J.  Bis 

Carthago    (Moore) 
1917    Adams,  W.  J. 
1912   Seawall,  Herbert  P. 

1911  Spence,  Union  L. 


STATE  LIST  OF  HBMBER8  BT   OH 


OhApel  HUl 

1915  McQebee,  Lvciiu  P. 

Oharlott«  (Mecklenburg) 

1912  Admmi,  Tbaddeus  A. 

1921  AlexandeTp  Julia  M. 
1912  Guthrie,  Thos.  C. 
1917  Justice,  A.  B. 

1922  Kenaedj,  Frank  H. 
1917  Kirkpatrick,  T.  L. 

1921  McBae,  John  A. 

1922  Pbarr,  Edgar  W. 
1909  Preston,  Edmund  R. 
1917  Tsjlor.  B.  L. 

OUnton   (Sampfwn) 
1917    Faiflon,  Henry  Elias 

OoBOOrd  (Oabamu) 
1917    Crowell,  J.  Lee 
1917    llanesa,  Tola  D. 

Danbnir  (Stokea) 
1917    Petree,  N.  O. 

Diaa  (Harnett) 
1917    Cllf  jrd,  J.  0. 
1917    Townsend,  N.  A. 

IHffluua   (Durham) 

1917  Brogden,  W.  J. 

1918  ErereU,  R.  O. 
1911    Puller,  Jonea 

1917  Lockhart,  Walter  S. 
1922    Sykes,  Robert  H. 

Ellsftbeth  City   (Pasquotank) 

1918  Aydlett.  E.  F. 

1917    Ehringhaui,  J.  C.  B. 
1917    ICeekina,  Isaac  M. 

ElliAbethtown  (BUdcn) 
1917    Lyon,  0.  C. 

TayettoTiUe  ((Tumberland) 
1922    Ayeritt,  II.  S. 
1922    Downing,  W.  C. 

1916  Dye,  Robert  H. 
1922    Nimocka,  Q.  K. 

1917  Robinson,  H.  McD. 

1917  Rose,  Charles  G. 
1916    Sinclair,  N.   A. 

Franklin  (Macon) 

1918  Robertson,  Henry  O. 

Oaitonia   (Gaston) 
1922    Bulwinkle,  A.  L. 
1922    Carpenter,  John  a 


VOBTK  GAEOUVi 

Oaitonla  (Gaston)  Con 

1922  Cheny,  R.  0. 

1922  DoUey,  Stephen  B. 

1922  Jones,  Arthur  C 

1916  Mangnm,  Addiaon  Q 
1914  Mason,  O.  F. 

1922  Warren,  Ernest  B. 

1922  Wolts,  A.  E.  I 

I 
Ooldsboro  (Wayne) 

1917  Daniels,  F.  A. 

1914  Land,  Edward  M. 
1922  Langston,  John  D. 
1917  Robinson,  W.  S.  O'l 
1922  Taylor,  W.  F. 

Graham  (Alamance) 

1917  Parker,  E.  S.,  Jr. 

Oreensboro   (Guilford) 

1921  Adams,  Spencer  B. 

1921  Alderman,  Sidney  S. 

1917  Barringer,  John  A. 

1918  Boyd,  J.  E. 

1911  Bradflhaw,  George  S.' 

1915  Brofldhurst,  Edgsr  D. 
1909  Brooks;    Aubr^   L. 
1907  Bynum,  Wm.  P. 
1917  Cox,  Oliver  C. 

1921  Douglas,  Martin  F. 

1921  Douglas,  Robert  D. 

1921  Duncan,  James  S. 

1917  Frazier,  C.  Clifford 

1917  Hines,  Charles  A. 

1917  Hoyle,  Thomas  C. 

1921  Jerome,  Edward  C. 

1915  King,  Robert  R. 
1921  King,   Robert  R.,  Jr. 
1917  Sopp,  Oscar  L. 

1921  Shaw,  Thomss  J. 

1921  Shuping,  0.  LeRoy 

1921  Smith,  Julius  O. 

1921  Stem,  Sidney  J. 

1917  Strudwick,  Robert  C. 

1921  Wyllie,   Alfred  S. 

Greenville  (Pitt) 

1917  Brown.  Julius 

1916  Everett,    S.   J. 

1918  Harding,  F.  0. 

1916  James,  F.  G. 
1911  Skinner,    Harry 

Renderaon  (^'ance) 

1917  Bridgerfi,  J.  H. 
1911  Hicks,  Thurston  T. 

1922  McCoin,   Rufus  Sidney 
1922  ZoIlicclTer,  Jere  Perry 


974 


AMERICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


NOBTH  OABOLZVA— irOBTK  DAKOTA 


XorrantoB  (Burke) 

1917    Ervin,  Williun  O. 
1021    Huffman,  R.  L. 

Xount  Airy  (Suny) 

1917  Folger,  J.  H. 

Xnrphy  (Cherokee) 

1914    Bell,  MarriiaU  W. 
1912    Dillard,  John  H. 

Vow  Bern  (Craven) 

1911    Guion,  Owen  H. 

1918  Moore,  Larry  T. 
1917    Thomas,  Charla  R. 

Bewton  (Catawba) 
1917    Feimster,  Walter  0. 

Vorfh  WUkeiboro  (Wilkea) 

1922    Hackett,  Frank  D. 
1922    Hackett,  Richard  N. 
1917    Hayes,  Johnson  J. 

Oxford  (Oranville) 
1917    Graham.  A.  W. 

Pittiboro  (Chatham) 

1921  Siler,  Walter  D. 

Baoford    (Hoke) 

1922  Leach,  Oscar 

Balolffh  (Wake) 

1911  Allen,  Hurray 

1902  Andrews,  Alexander  B. 

1910  Barwick,  Allen  J. 
1900  Biggs,  J.  Crawford 
1921  Boushall,  John  H. 
1921  OttWert,  Thomas  H. 

1916  Haywood,  Ernest 

1917  Jones,  Armstead 

1912  Little,   J.  C. 
1921  London,  Henry  M. 

1911  Manning,  J.  S. 

1918  Nash,  Frank 

1912  Pou,  James  H. 

1919 .  Stephenson,  Gilbert  T. 
1899    Walker,  Piatt  D. 

Boiderllle  (Rockingham) 

1914    Dalton,  Wm.  Reid 
1917    Gildewell,  P.  W. 

Booky  Xount  (>;dgecombe) 
1912    Bassett,  L.  V. 
1917    FounUin,  R.   T. 
1917    Ramsey,  Joseph  B. 


Bozboro  (Person) 
1917    Carver,  F.  O. 

Butherf ordton  (Rutherford) 
1921    Hamrick,  Fred  D. 

Baliebury  (Rowan) 

1900  Clement,  L.  H. 

1914  Linn,  Stable 

1917  Price,  A.  H. 

1917  Wright,  R.  Lee 

Shelby  (Cleveland) 

1921  Hoey,  Clyde  R. 

1921  Quinn,  J.  H. 

1917  Rybum,  Robert  L. 

1914  Webb,  Edwin  T. 

Smithfleld  (Johnston) 

1913  Brooks,  Frederick  H. 
1917    Lyon,  W.  H.,  Jr. 
1917    Pou,  Edward  W. 

Southern  Pinat  (Moore) 

1921  Pelton,  Paul  Philip 

Southport  (Brunswick) 
1917    Davis,  Robert  W. 

StatefTtile   (Iredell) 

1914  Bristol,  William  A. 
1914  Long,  Benjamin  F. 
1917    Turner,  W.  D. 

Tarboro  (Edgecombe) 

1883  Bridgers,  John  L. 
1919    Gilliam,  Donnell 

Troy  (Montgomery) 

1917    Armstrong,  Charles  A. 
1917    Poole,  R.  T. 

WadeiboTO  (Anson) 

1917    Brock,  Walter  E. 
1917    Caudle,  Theron  ^. 

Warrenton  (Warren) 
1917    Polk,  Taaker 

Warsaw  (Duplin) 

1922  Stevens,  H.  L. 

Washinffton  (Beaufort) 

1916  Bragaw,  Stephen  O. 

1917  l>aniel,  B.  A.,  Jr. 
1922  Grimes,  Junius  D. 
1914  Small,  John  H, 


Weldon  (HalUkx) 

1917    Daniel.  Walter  E. 
1914    Green,  George  O. 

WhiteviUe  (Columbus) 
1917    Greer,  Jackson 

Wilkeiboro  (Wilkes) 
1922    Hendren.  F.  B. 

Williaauton  (Martin) 
1917    Dunning.  A.  R. 

'Wilmlnrton  (New  Hanover) 

1917  Bellamy,  John  D. 

1916  Carr,  J.  O. 

1906  Davis,  Thomas  W. 
1916  Elliott,  George  B. 
1916  Little,  Joseph  W. 

1916  McClammy,  Herbert 

1907  Rountree,  George 

1917  Ruark,  Robert 
1901    Townea,  William  A. 

1916  Williams,  A.  S. 

1917  Wright,  Isaac  C. 

Wilson  (Wilson) 

1917  Bruton,  John  F. 

1910  Connor,  Henry  O. 
1914  Dickinson,  O.  P. 
1917  Finch,  W.  A. 
1914  Woodard,  John  E. 

Windsor  (Bertie) 

1917  Winston,  Francis  D. 

Winston-Salem  (Fonyth) 

1911  Alexander,  Joseph  E. 

1918  Craige,  Burton 

1919  Hanes,  P.  Frank 
1918  Hastings,  Gideon  R. 
1911  Hendren,  W.  M. 

1922  Hudson,   Hinton  Gardner 

1917  Kelly,  Richard  C. 
1904  Manly,  Clement 

1918  Sams,  Andrew  Fuller 

1917  Storbuck,  Henry  R. 
1928    Stockton,  Richard  O. 

1919  Williams,  S.  Clay 

1918  Womble,  B.  S. 

Winton  (Hertford) 
1914    Bridger.  Roawell  C. 

VOBTR  DAKOTA 

Amidon   (Slope) 
1921    Brownlee,  Olartnoe  P. 


STATE   LIST  OF   MEMBEB8  BT   01 


BMOh  (Ooldea  YaU^) 

1921    OaUivhcr,  R.  F. 
1982    Keobane,  John 

Biamarok  (Burleigh) 

1920  Baker,  Benton 

1906  Bronaon,  HaniaoD  A. 

1981  OofhUn,  Joseph 

1981  Daviea,  I.  0. 

1921  Hyland,  J.  A. 

1916    Johnaon^    Sveinbjorn 

1980  Koffel,  Theodore 

1920  Miller,  Andrew 

1919  Regitter,  P.  H. 

1982  Shafer,  George  F. 
1918    Toong,  0.  L. 

BottlBMtn   (Bottineau) 
1914    Weeka,  James  J. 

Oarrtagton  (Foster) 
1928    Roopea,  W.  E. 

Oando  (Towner) 
1982    Kehoe,  J.  J. 

OanoB  (Qrant) 

1981  Hogan,  Vincent 

Ooopantown  (OriKge) 

1982  Sad,  John 

Orotbjr  (Divide) 

1921  Homnea,  Oeoiv^  P. 

D«Tila  Lake  (Ramaey) 

1918    Flynn,  Edward  F. 

1922  Goer,  R. 

1981  Sinneas,  Torger 
1918    Traynor,  Fred.  J. 

DidktntOB  (Stark) 

1920  Burnett,  W.  F. 
1918    Gaaey,  Tobias  D. 

1982  Murtba,  Thomaa  F. 

1980  Pugh,  Thomaa  H. 

DwiM  0«Btar  (Dunn) 
1920    Nelson,  Alfred  O. 

Bll6Bdal«  (Dickey) 

1981  Brouillard,  T.  L. 
1920    Graham,  Fred  J. 

Varffo  (Gaaa) 
1906    Amidon,  Ohaa.  F. 

1982  Bergeaen,  A.  B. 
1882    Clapp,  WilUam  J. 


HOBTB  DAKOTA 

flurgo  (Oaaa)  Omf i 

1906  Divet,  A.  G. 

1021  Farrand,  John  D. 

1921  Frame,  John  S. 

1922  Green,  WilUam  0. 
1911  Hildreth,  Melirin  A. 
1921  Horner,  H.  F. 

1921  Ucy,  A.  O. 

1980    Lawrence,  Aubrey 

1922  Murpby*  Matthew  f 

1920  Pollock,  Gbarlea  A. 

1921  Polk>ck,  John  0. 

1922  Smith,  Bmeraon  H. 
1982  Temple,  Frank  I. 

1980  Tliorp,  George  W. 
1906    Toong,  Newton  O. 

rMsanden   (Wells) 
1922   Jansoniua,  Fred 

Goldan  Valley  (Mercer) 
1982    Bchwarts.  Darfd 

OraftoB  (Walsh) 
1928    Depuy,  R.  0. 

Oraad  Forka   (Grand   Foi 

1981  Atkinaon,  Thomas  E. 
1906  Bangs,  Ctootge  A. 
1906  Banga,  Tracy  R. 
1918  Ox>ley,  Charlea  M. 
1918  Mdntyte,  W.  A. 
1906  Murphy,  Gharlea  J. 
1916  O'Connor,  J.   F.  T. 
1981  Tbner,  T.  A. 

1921  Void,  Lauriz 

1981  Willia,  Hugh  E. 
1906    Wineroan,  Jacob  B. 

Hebron    (Morton) 
1988    Rigler,  S.  P. 

Hettiager  (Adams) 

1982  Boehm.  Paul  W. 

1922  Garberg,  P.  B. 
1920    Lembke,  F.  T. 
1922    Remmen,  M.  E. 

Jamestown  (Stutsman 

1918  Aylmer,  Adolph  W. 
1906  Ellsworth,  S.  E. 

1919  Jorgenaon,  John  A. 
1922  Knauf,  Arthur  L. 
1906  Knauf,  John 

1914  McHarg,  Ormaby 

1920  Murphy,  James  A. 
1018  Seller,  Oscar  J. 
1920  TeUner,  Louis  0. 


STATE  LIST  OF  HBHBEBS  BY   OIT| 


kti  (Huailtoa)  Oont'd 

Wl  BonhaiD,  Fimnk  & 

19n  Bnidl^,  DawBon  E. 

1921  Brink,  Edward  H. 

19S1  BrMdwell,  ChArlM 

1921  Broemaik,  Charlpn  W. 

1921  Brown,  Sanfoid 

1914  Bruce,  John  EL 

1921  Brumleve,  Leo  J.,  Jr. 

1921  Bryant,  Oliver  8. 

1922  Buchwalter,    Morris    L. 
1921  Buckwalter,  Robert  Z. 
1921  Burch,  R.  B. 

1921  BuBch,  H.  C. 

1921  Gadwell,  Karl  H. 

1921  Caldwell,  John  A. 

1921  Ckldwell,  Ralph  B. 

1921  Oampbell,  John  V. 

1921  Capelle,  Loaia  H. 

1914  Qusatt,  Alfred  0. 

1912  Ciat,  Chas.  M. 
1921  Olark,  James  R. 
1921  Clark,  Ralph  E. 
1914  Clippinger,  W.  W. 

1916  Cobb.  OrrJa  P. 
1914  Cohen,  Alfred  M. 
1879  Oolaton,  Edward 
1921  Connelly,  Paul  V. 
3921  Oonroy,  Jowph  W. 
1914  Coppock,  Chat.  T. 
1914  Cramer,  Nelson  B. 
1921  Oushing,  Wade 
1921  Dale,  Ben  B. 

1921  Darby,   Thomaa  H. 

1921  Daviea,  Samuel  S. 

1913  Decamp^  Walter  A. 

1917  Dempiey,  Edward  J. 
1921  Dickeiaon,  R.  T. 
1921  Dinsmore,  Frank  F. 
1921  Dixon,  Edward  T. 
1921  Dolle,  Charles  F. 
1921  Dolle,  Louis  J. 
1921  Domette,  Charles  E. 
1921  Domette,  George  A. 
1921  Druffel,  John  U. 
1921  Dunlap,  Anthony  B. 
1921  Durr,  Chester  S. 
1921  Eggers,  WillUni  A. 
1921  Elston,  Charles  H. 
1912  Ernst,  Richard  P. 
1921  Eyricfa,  George  F..  Jr. 
1921  Fit^erald,  Charles  J. 
1921  Forchheimer,   Landon   L. 
1921  Freer,  Robert  Elliott 
1906  Freiberg,  A.  J. 

1921  Freiberg,  Leonard  H. 

1921  Fridman,  William  M. 

1921  Friedman,  Harry  H. 


Olnelattitl  (Hamilteo)  Oo« 

1921  Fuiber,  Charles  8. 

1921  Gallagher,  Andrew  0.-i 

1921  GalTin,  M.  F. 

1921  Garver,  Leonard,  Jr. 

1914  Catch,  Lewis  N. 

1921  Oeialer,  Alfred  T. 

1914  Oeoghegan,  WiUism  Aj 

1921  Gholaon,  Edwin  i 

1921  Glbaon,  Henry  K. 

1921  Goebel,  Herman  P. 

1921  Goldman,  Robert  P. 

1921  Goldsmith,  Alva  W. 

1912  Qraydon,  Joseph  fl. 

1907  Greve,  Charles  Theodo^ 
1921  Gruber,  Adolph  A. 
1921  Hagana,  Samuel  L. 
1921  Hall,  Rufus  B..  Jr. 
1981  Hammel,  Samuel  B. 
1921  Hargitt,  Robert  P. 
1896  Harmon,  Judson 

1921  Hauck,  Henry  G. 

1921  Hauer,  Edward  C. 

1921  Hawke,   George   8. 

1921  Headley,  Sanford  A. 

1914  Heidingsfeld,  Ben  L. 

1921  Heinta,  Michael  G. 

1921  Heinta,  Victor 

1921  Heintzman,  J.  W. 

1981  Henshaw,  SUnley  K. 

1914  Hermann,  Jolin  C. 

1917  Hickenlooper.  Smith 

1921  Hinkle,  PhiUp 

1878  Hoadly,  George 

1909  Hoflbeimer,  Harry  M. 
1914  Hoffman,  Charles  W. 
1921  Hoffmeister,  Cbarlen  H. 
1981  HoUiater,  John  R. 
1921  Holman,  Alfred 

1921  Hoover,  Francis  A. 

1912  Hoaea,  Lewis  M. 

1921  Hudson,  John  G. 

1921  Hulswitt,  B.  A. 

1921  Hunt,  Charles  J. 

1921  Jackson,  Herbert 

1919  Jacobs,  Carl  M.,  Jr. 

1910  Jelke,  Ferdinand,  Jr. 
1912  Johnson,  Clyde  P. 
1896  Johnson,  Simeon  M. 
1921  Jones,  Edward  H. 
1921  Jones.  Oliver  B. 

1921  Jones,  Onrille  K. 

1921  Jones,  Spencer  M. 

1921  Kattenhom,  George  H. 

1921  Kell«y,  Joeeph  B. 

1921  Kelley.  Thomas  U. 

1921  King,  E.  Scott 

1908  Knight.  Wslter  A. 


978 


AMERICAN  BAR  A880GIATI0K. 


Otnotniiatl  (Hftmiltoa)  Ooot'd 

19S8  Peacock,    George    Olere- 

land 

1921  Pendleton,  Elliott  H. 

1014  Peten,  Edward  F. 

1021  Pharee,  Oarl 

1914  Pogue,  Province  M. 

19S1  Pogue,  Thomaa  L. 

1921  Porter,  W.  T. 

1921  Powell,  Richard  A. 

1912  Pugh.  Robert  0. 

1921  Quigley.  Harry  N. 

1921  Rappoport,  John  E. 

1921  Remke,  Richard 

1921  Rich,  John  L. 

1914  RieUy,  William  J. 

1921  Rockel,   Henry  L. 

1921  Roewler,  A.  B. 

1921  Boettlnger,  Stanley  Clay 

1921  Rogen,  H.  Kenneth 

1921  Rogers,  John  O. 

1914  Ronnebaum,   Anthony 

1921  Rose,  O.  0. 

1921  Rosa,  Simon 

1912  Ronae,  John  T. 

1916  Runmiel,  O.  Albert 

1921  Ryan,  Dennis  J.  * 

1921  Ryan,  Walter  A. 

1921  Samuels,  Julius  R. 

1921  Sawyer,  Charles 

1921  Sawyer,  Louis  B. 

1921  Scanlon,  John  A. 

1912  Schindel,  John  Randolph 

1921  Schmitt,  Walter 

1914  Schorr,  David  P. 

1921  Schwartz,    Albert   W. 

1914  Seasongood,  Murray 

1921  Shattuck,  A.  C. 

1921  Shoemaker,  Murray  M. 

1921  Shohl,  Walter  M. 

1921  Shook,  Chester  R. 

1921  Slutes,  M.  C. 

1912  Smiley,  James  J. 

1806  Smith,  Rufus  B. 

1912  Smith,  Samuel   W.,  Jr. 

1921  Spangenberg,    Arthur  R. 

1921  Spangenbcrg,  Otto  O. 

1921  Stark,  William  A. 

1914  Stephens.   Charles  H. 

1921  Stephens,  Charles  H.,  Jr. 

1914  Btettinlus,  John  L. 

1914  Stewart,  James  G. 

1886  Stoehr,  Oscar 

1900  Strieker,  Sidney  Q- 

1800  Strong,  Edward  W. 

1921  Stnible,  SUnley 

1914  Suire,   Frank  0. 

1914  Sutphin,  Dudley  V. 


ono 

OinelBBfttl  (Hamilton)  Cont'd 

1921  Swing,  James  B. 

1921  Taft,  Robert  A. 

1921  Taylor,  Walter  O. 

1921  Terry,  Charles  B. 

1921  Thompson,  John  C. 

1017  Thomdyke,  William 

1921  Tischbein,  A.  L. 

1921  Tuttle,  Burton  B. 

1921  Tl'ler,  Wilfred  IL 

1921  Urban,   Charles  H. 

1921  Usher,  Thomas 

1921  Vigran,   Nathan 

1914  Waite,  Moriflon  R. 

1012  Walker,  Ghas.  A.  J. 

1921  Werner,  Oarl  O. 

1914  Wesselmann,      Frederick 

B. 

1919  Wheaton,    Oarl   Crumbie 

1921  Wilby,  Joseph 

1915  Wilby,  Mitchell 

1919  Williams,  Charles  F. 

1921  Williams,  Floyd  G. 

1921  Winkelman,  Albert  T. 

1921  Woeste,  Joseph  H. 

1921  Wolfe,  John  W. 

1921  WolfMein,  Samuel 

1921  Wood,  Frank  E. 

1921  Woodmansee,  D.  D. 

1806  Worthington,    William 

1921  Zielonka,  Saul 

CleTeland   (Cuyahoga) 

1921  Agnew,    Celotes   J. 

1919  Agnew,  William 
1921  Album,  Cary  R. 
1914  Album,  John  A. 
1921  Allen,  Florence  B. 
1918  Andrews,  Horace 
1918  Arter,  (Carles  K. 

1916  Bacon,  Leon  Brooks 
1918  Baer,  George  P. 
1916  Bailey,  Stephen  A. 
1914  Baker,  Kewton  D. 
1921  Baldwin,  Arthur  D. 

1916  Baldwin.    Wm.    Edward 

1920  Bardwell,   A.  E. 
1918  Belden,  William  P. 

1921  Bell,  Lewis  A. 

1917  Beraon,  Maurice 

1918  Bickel,  Paul  J. 
1918  Biggs,   C!harles  L. 
1918  Binyon,   E.    A. 
1918  BisBcll,  Cnarence  R. 
1918  Bloch,  Joseph  C. 
1914  Boyd,  W.  H. 

1916  Boyle,  William  0. 

1910  Brock,  Charles  E. 


01«v«UBd  (Ouyahoga)  Obaft'd 

1921  Bolkky,  Robert  J.       » 

1918  Burrows,  (3eo.  Humphrey 

1918  Baafanell,  Edward 

1912  Buss,  Charles  M. 

1918  Bynes,   William   M. 

1912  Oalfee,  Robert  M. 

1910  Cannon,  Austin  V. 

1914  Oashman,  Wm.  T. 

1014  diamberUin,  John  A. 

1921  OUurk,  Harold  T. 

1021  01u»,  Alfred 

1918  Oockley,  William  B. 

1918  Cole,  (Seorge  S. 

1899  Cook,  K.  8. 

1914  Oopeland,  Marie  A. 

1917  Counts,  A.  Frank 

1900  OouM,  Howard  A 
1014  Ckmwford,  Harry  J. 
1010  Orobangh,  S.  Chester 
1017  Ckom,  deaveland  R. 

1918  Crow,  Howard  M. 
1014  Crowell,  Robert  H. 

1017  Curren,    Robert  O. 
1020  Curtis,  H.  Knox 
1918  Daoust,  Edward  0. 

1018  Davenport,   Leroj  B. 
1014  D^Ti  Luther 

1018  Day,  William  L. 

1018  De  Kaiser,  Jacob 

1910  Dempsey,    Ernest   C. 

1010  Dempsey,  John  B. 

1016  Denlson,    Robert   F. 

1914  DooUttle,  H.  J. 

1918  Duncan,  Tra^  H. 

1016  Duncan,  miliam  M. 

1082  Dunlap,  lliomas  S. 

1918  Dunmore,  Walter  T. 

1918  Dustln,  Alton  O. 

1918  Elliott,  H.  E. 

1914  Brarts,  Vnnk  B. 

1918  Fay,  Jesw  B. 

1010  F^eoeik,  J.  P. 

1011  Flory,  Walter  L. 
1918  Fogg,  Joseph  O. 
1918  Fbote,  E.  A. 
1918  Ford,  Okrl  B. 
1918  Ford,  S.  8. 

1918  Frankel,  Frederick 

1918  Frankel,  Philip 

1918  FHend,   F.   0. 

1807  Oarfleld.  J.  R. 

1022  (Jarileld,  John  M. 
1014  Garry,   Thomaa  R. 
1018  (^entsch,  Frank  F. 
1921  (3oodman,  Max  P. 
1880  Goulder,  Harrey  D. 
1006  Grant,  Richard  F. 


STATE  LIST  OF  HEMBEBS  BT   GITI 


01«v«l«ad  (Oiiyah(«a)  Coal'd 

1921  Oraj,  FnBk  D. 

1918  Green,  David  Edward 
1921  Greene,  Thomas  E. 
1914  Groot,  Geo.   A. 

1919  GroMoian,  Marc  Justin 
1918  OrJRnan,  Mary  B. 
1921  GroMmann,  laador 
1897  Hadden,  |^lez. 

1918  Hahn,  Ed^ar  A. 

1914  Halnen,  Frank  E. 

1912  Harris,  George  B. 

1918  Haazhurst,  H.   A. 

1897  Henderson,  John  M. 

1918  Herrick,  Myron  T. 

1921  Hii^^,  Charles 

1918  Hills,  A.  T. 
1914  Hine,  Ohas.  P. 
1916  Hollidoy,  W.  T. 
1914  Hopkim,   William  B. 

1919  Hostetler,  Jos.  O. 
1899  Rowland.  Paul 
1918  Hull,  John  B. 
1912  Inffersoll,  Alvan  F. 
1918  Inflis,  Richard 
1912  Jerome,   P.  J. 
1896  Johnson,  Homer  H. 
1911  Johnson,   Thomss  L. 
1921  Joseph,  Emil 

1918  Korch.   K.    W. 

1911  Kassulker,  Paul  G. 

1918  Kavsnagh,  Francis  B. 

1921  Keeley,  Oeorgre  Q. 

1916  Kirhy,  Thomas  M. 

1918  Klein.   Darid 

1921  Kleinman,  fl.  H. 

1918  Knight,  Wallace  I. 

1921  Krueger,    Rverette   H. 

1918  Kojawski,  Leon  A. 

1918  Leahy,  John  W. 

1918  Leckie,  Frt^erick  L. 

1918  Lieghley,  P.  L.  A. 

1916  Loeser,    Nathan 

1914  McKeehan.    II.   H. 

1918  McMorris,   W.   H. 

1921  McNeal,  John  H.. 

1918  MacGregor,  John,  Jr. 

1914  Maurer,  W.  F. 

1918  Meisel,  Max  E. 

1919  Merrick,   Walter 
1918  Moffett,  T.  J. 
1918  Mooney,  M.  P. 

1918  Morgan,   Daniel  Edgar 

1921  Morgan,  Gilbert 

1918  Morgan,  Bobert  M. 

1914  Morley;  J.  E. 

1918  Molly,  John  A. 


Cl«v«huid  (Cinshoga)  Con 

1914  Newcomb,  R.  B. 

1918  Newell,  Sterling 

1918  Nicola,  Benjamin  D. 

1918  Niman,  Gharles  A. 

1919  Nye,  Walker  H. 
1918  Ookes,  A.  Bliss 
1918  Oberiin,  John  F. 
1918  O'Neill,   WUbert  Joha 
1922  Palmer,  Herbert  D. 
1918  Pattison,   Charle?!  W. 
1914  Payer,  H.  F. 

1918  Peakind,  Solomon 

1922  Powell,  Albert  E. 

1897  Quail,   Prank  A. 

1918  Quigley,  Eugene 

1921  Rawson,  L.  Q. 
1914  Riley,  George  B. 
1914  Rothenberg,    Wm. 
1918  Royon,   Joseph  C. 
1914  Runcie,  James  E. 
1918  Ssnders,  Clarcn<*e  E. 
1897  Sanders,  Wm.  B. 
1914  Schaefer.  Carl   W. 
1914  Schults,  Malvern  E. 

1922  Scott,   Frank  C. 
1918  Seber,  Robert  J. 
1921  Shaw,  David  L. 
1918  Siddall,  George  B. 
1918  Sidlo,   Thomas   L. 
1912  Smart,   John   Harrow 
1918  Spieth,  Lawrence  C. 
1897  Squire,  Andrew 

1918  Stanley,  Welles  K. 
1921  Stanton,   Edward  C. 

1917  Stem.  Joseph  L. 

1919  Stewart,    W.    B. 
1914  Sullivan,  John  J. 
1914  Taggart,  Jay  P. 
1921  Thobaben,  E.  J. 

1918  Thompson,  Amos  Burt 
1918  Thompson,  J.  Paul 
1907  Throckmorton,  A.  H. 

1918  Turner.  William  D. 
1921  Van  Lill,  H.  Frank 
1917  Vsrga,  H.  E. 

1917  Vickery,  Willis 
1914  Wschner,  C.  8. 
1914  Walsh,  James  F. 

1919  Warner,  Dorr  E. 

1918  West,  Samuel  H. 
1912  White,  John  G. 
1918  White,   Pierre  A. 
1918  Wilkin,  Wilbur  D. 
1916  Wtedi,  Louis  H. 
1921  Woods,   William  B. 


980 


AHKRIGAN  BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


Oolaabiis   (FMnklla)    Cont'd 

19M  Voi7g»  Aftlnir  I. 

lOZL  Watnn,  B.  O. 

1921  WcrtteU,  Ralph  E. 

1921  WilUuBfl.  Heniy  A. 

1918  WUaon,  John  W, 

OoMftootml  (Coshocton) 

1912  Hunt,  Charles  B. 
1921  POmerene,  Warner  M. 
1921  Shepler,  Joseph  B. 

Dajton  (Montgomery) 

1914  Brown,  Oren  Britfc 

1914  Burkhart,  Edward  £. 

1921  Chambers,  Oliver  J. 

1914  Corwin,   Robert  O. 

1914  Craighsad,  Charles  A. 

1914  Daviflson,  Oscar  F. 

1914  EUiff,  Charles  W. 

1916  Fitigerald,  Roy  G. 

1921  Frank,  Alfred  Swift 

1921  Hall,  Charles  J. 

1921  Harshman,  John  Burnett 

1918  Heald,  Charles  D. 

1921  Holland,  George  F. 

1921  Hollencanap,  Henry  H. 

1918  Holmea,  Reuben  R, 

1921  Iddings,  Andrew  8. 

1918  Iddings,  Daniel  W. 

1914  James,  Lee  Warren 

1913  Kuhns,  Esra  M. 
1921  Kuhns.  Miles  a 
1921  Kusworm,  Sidney  G. 
1921  Landis,  Robert  K. 
1921  Leen,  Arthur  E. 

1914  McCann.  Benjamin  F. 
1914  McGonnaughey,  W.   S. 
1921  McKee,  Rowland  H. 
1899  McMahon,  J.  Sprigg 
1914  McMahon,  John  A.     •  .  ■ 
1921  Margolis,   M.   K. 

1914  Martin,  Ulysses  S. 

1914  Mattera,   Conrad  J. 

1914  Matthews,  Edwin  P. 

1921  Matthews,  William  M. 

1921  Murphy.  Barry  S. 

1913  Nevin,  Robert  R. 
1921  Patterson,  Robert  C. 

1914  Prugh,  Harry  II. 

1921  Sigler,  P.  N. 
1914  Sprigg,  Carroll 

1922  Stauffer,  Heniy  G. 
1918  Turner,  Earl  H. 
1921  Whalen,  Charles  W. 
1921  Wolfe,  Harry  M. 
1914  Wonnan^  Philip  H. 


D«ftAiice  (DeAanoe) 
1914    Harris,  Henry  B. 

Delaware  (Delaware) 
1922    Jones,  Berne 

Dover  (Tuscarawas) 

1914    Femsell,  C.  C. 
1922    Hortetler,  H.  H. 

Eaat  Uverpool  ((Columbiana) 

1921    Davidson,  George  G. 
1921    HiU,  .Walter  B. 
1914    Vodrey,  WlUUm  H. 

Salt  Paleatine  (Columbiana) 
1914    Eyes,  Lafayette  M. 

ElTTia  (Lorain) 

1918    Conaway,  John  C. 
1921    Stevens,  Frank  M. 

Findlay  (Hancock) 

1900    Burket,  Harlan  F. 
1914    Hurley.  F.  E. 

Foiioria  (Seneca) 

1918    Guernsey,  C.  A. 

1921    Witherspoon,  Walter  M. 

Fremont  (Sandusky) 

1921    Love,  David  B. 
1912    Seager.  Frank  E. 

Gallon  (Crawford) 
1918    Geer,   William  J. 

Oallipolis  (Gallia) 

1921    Johnston,  Hollis  C. 
1921    Mauck,  Roscoe  J. 

Georgetown  (Brown) 

1921  Bagby,  Joieph  W. 

1914  Fite,  Rufus  L. 

1921  Parker,  Harry  E. 

1921  Young,  O.  E. 

OrooBTlIle  (Dark<>) 
1914    Maher,  John  F. 

Hamilton   (Butler) 

1912  Andrews,  Allen 

1921  Andrews,  John  D. 

1921  Belden,  Edgar  A. 

1921  Bickley,  U.  F. 

1921  Fitton,  O^s  J. 

1914  Harlan.  Walter  S. 


Sanlltoa  (Butler)  Ooiit*d 

1921  Hinkel,  Frederick  A. 

1921  Neilan,  John  F. 

1921  SheiAerd,  W.  C. 

1921  Wonnell,  Hany  8. 

KiokaviUe  (dftance) 
1912    Simmons,  (Seorge  D. 

Hillshoro*(Highlsnd) 

1921    Garrett,  George  L. 
1921    Newby,  Gyrus 

1910  Scott,  Samuel  P. 

Ironton  (Lawrence) 

1921  Bibbee.  Jed.  B. 
1914  Johnaon,  A.  R. 
1921    Jones,  Daniel  C. 

I«ajiea«t«r  (Fairfield) 

1821  Delfenbaugh,  James  H. 

1921  Kim,  Edward  O. 

1922  Martin.  Wm.   K. 
1921  Radclifle,  C.  A. 
1921  Shell,  Brooks  E. 

Lebanon  (Warren) 

1921  Hamilton,  Francis  M. 

Uma  (Allen) 

1922  Bentley,  H.  O. 

1911  Cable,  Davis  J. 

1922  Grindle,    Harvey    David 

1914  Halfhill,  James  W. 

1912  Henderson,  D.  C. 
1922  LoagBworth,  I.   R. 
1922  Ludwig,  L.  E. 
1922  McClain,  Elmer 
1919  MacKende,  Ralph  P. 
1922  Motter,  Boijamin  8. 

1921  Selfridge,  Calvin  F. 

1922  Welty,  B.  F. 

LilbOB  «>)lumbiana) 

1908  Billlngaley,  N.  a 
1921  Farrell,  (Seorge  T. 
1921    Moore,  W.  B. 

London  (Madison) 
1921    Cordray,  A.  T. 

Lorain  (Lorain) 
1921    Snyder.  Custer 

Xanafteld  (Richland) 
1921    Bell,  Harry  F. 
1916    Brucker,  Ltfwis 
1916    McBride,  Curtii  B. 


STATE  LIST  OF   MBMBEB8  BY   CITIS8  AND  T0WN8. 


981 


Ifafltttte  (Waihington) 

1918  rolktt,  Bdwtrd  B. 

1«13  Midlwirart,  O.  a 

1921  KoU,  Robert  H. 

1918  Smith,  A.  L. 

1921  Sominen,  Tbomu  J. 

Karioa  (Lawrence) 
1921    Fiaher,  Charlea  C. 

Marlon  (Marion) 
19S1    Mouser,  Grant  K. 

MftTTiviUe  (Union) 
1921    Chmeron,  RicbarU  L. 
1921    Looghrer,  John  L. 
1921    Porter,  Edward  W. 

Xedina  (Medina) 

1917  McOlure,  N.  H. 

Xillertl^iirf  (Holmes) 
1921    Putnam,  Robert  B. 

Xt.  ▼•rnon  (Knox) 
1921    Aahbaugh,  Paul  M. 
1921    Houck,  Lewia  B. 

Mnpoleon  (Henry) 
1921    May,  (9eorge  S. 

New  Lexiiiffton  (Perry) 

1921  Price,  T.  D. 

1922  Tague,  Paul 
1922    Tague,   Vincent 
1921    Underwood.  Mell  O. 

Hew  FhlUdtlpkftft  (Tuscara- 
was) 
1914    Wilkin,  Robert  N. 

New  Riohmond  (Clermont) 
1921    Haussermann,  John  W. 

Vorwalk  (Huron) 
1914    Craig,  G.  Ray 

1918  Toesell,   William  J. 

Oiborn  (Greene) 
1918    Rice,  Morris  D. 

Otta^  (Putnam) 
1921    lioasure,  James  P. 

Palnefyilld   (Lake) 

1914  Alvord,  George  W. 

1914  Blakely,  Elbert  Follett 

1918  Nolan,  Harry  T. 

1914  Reynolds,  A.   O. 


OXIO 

Faaldlat  (PauMing) 
1922   Wilcox,  Alfred  N. 

Pom«ro7  (Meigs) 

1921    Davis,  L.  Crary    ' 
1921    Reed,  D.  Chirtis 

Portixnonth   (Scioto) 

1921  Blairi  Albion  Z. 

1921  Blair,  Guy  M. 

1921  Daehler,  Edward  J. 

1914  Holoomb,   A.   T. 

1921  Johnson,  Sherrard  M. 

1921  Kimble,  B.  F. 

1921  Millan,  Edgar  G. 

1921  Miller,  Harry  W. 

1914  Moulton,  Frank  W. 

1921  Purdum,  James*  P. 

1921  Searl,  Clinton  M. 

1921  Sprague,  William  R. 

1921  Thomas,  James  S. 

XaTonna  (Portage) 

1921    Beckley,  W.  J. 
1921    Filiatrault,  W,  W. 

St.  ObkirtTilla  (Belmont) 

1898  Kennon,  Newell  K. 
1914  Mitchell,  Alfred  H. 
1918    Thomburg,  (3eorge 

Salem  (Columbiana) 

1921    Boone,  J.  C. 

1921    Campbell,  Ralph  W. 

Bandaiky  (Erie) 
1905    King,  Edmund  B. 

1921  Ramsey,  Russell  K. 
1914    Steinemann,  Oea  C. 

Sidney  (Shelby) 

1922  Hess,  Andrew  J. 
1912    Mathers,  H.   T. 

Bprlnglleld  (CUrk) 

1914  Bowman,  Border 

1918  Bowman,  J.  Elden 

1920  Brenner,  Harry  A. 
1918  Cole,  John  M. 

1921  Corry,  Homer  C. 
1914  Johnson,   James  G. 
1914  Johnston,  Flo>-d  A. 
1918  Keifer,  William  W. 
1918  Link,  A.  C. 

1914  Martin,  Paul  C. 

1921  Raup,  George  S. 

1918  Summers,  Augustux  N. 

1918  Tehan,  Georgv  W. 


■tmibeftTlUe  (JeSenon) 

1918  Anian,  Williau  R. 

1921  BnklDe,  Ennnett  E. 

1921  Gruber,  D.  M. 

Itl4  Huftob,  Joha  A. 

1918  Lewis,  Addison  Carr 

1918  McClave,  Roy  Lewis 
1914  Miller,  Nelson  D. 

1914  MlUer,  W.  McD. 

• 
Tifln  (Seneca) 

1921  Schn>th,  George  E. 

1921  Spitler,  Calvin  D. 

1914  Watson,  James  D. 

Toledo  (Lucas) 

1911  Denman,  U.  G. 

199D  Eversman,  WaHer  A. 

1919  Gaioes,  Frederick  W. 
1901  (3eddes,  Frederick  L. 
1914  Harris,  William  H. 

1912  Holbrook,   Ralph  S. 

1921  Johnson,  Curtis  T. 
1914  KilUts,  John  M. 

1922  Kirk,  George  E. 
1914  Klots,  Solon  T. 
1918  Lewis,  Frank  8. 
1918  Lewia,  Howsrd 
1906  McCarthy,  M.  B. 
1911  Marshall,  Edwin  J. 
1918  Newbegin,  Robert 
1911  Potter,  Emery  D. 

1917  Ritter,  George  W. 

1920  Seney.  (Seorge  E. 

1918  Teegarden,  John  C. 
1922  Warner,  Milo  J. 

1921  Whitney,  Herbert  P. 

Troy  (Miami) 

1914  Haines,  W.  A. 

Upper   Bandniky    (Wyandot) 

1921  Close.  Charles  F. 

Vrbana  (Champaign)    * 

1921  Bodcy,  E.  L. 

1918  Deaton,  S.  S. 

1921  Houston,  H.  W. 

1914  Middleton,  E.  P. 

1921  Owen,  Thomas  B. 

Van  Wert  (Van  Wert) 

1921  Blachley,  Henry  W. 

1914  Conn,  H.  L. 

1921  Good,   Clark 

1921  Hoke,  Clem  V. 

1918  Kerns,  O.   W. 


982 


AMEBIGAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


WftyakonatA  (Auglala) 

1921    Andenon,  Robert  B. 
1912    Stueve,  Olement  A. 

Waihiiiftoii  0.  H.  (Fajette) 

1921    Logan,  John 
1921    Maddox,  Tom  8. 
1921    Reid/ Charles  A. 

Wftverly  (Pike) 
1918    DUl,  Lewis  O. 

WellflTllle  (Columbiana) 

1921    Lones,  W.  F. 
1918    Smith,  P.  M. 

WMt  Union   (Adams) 
1918    Stephenson,  Will  P. 

Wilminrton   (Clinton) 

1914    Clevenger,  Frank  M. 
1921    Thorpe,  Q.   P. 

ZoniA  (Greene) 

1921  Broadstone,  M.  A. 

1921  Darlington,    Charles   L. 

1921  Finney,   J.    A. 

1921  (Jowdy,  R.  L. 

1914  Hartley,  M.  J. 

1914  Howard,    William    S. 

1921  Miller,  W.  L. 

1921  Shoup,  Marcus 

1921  Smith,  Harry  D. 

1921  Williamson,    J.    Kenneth 

Tonngftown   (Mahoning) 

1914  Arrel,  Geo.  F. 

1917  Brown,  Ensign  N. 
1808  Clarke,  John  H. 
1921  Conroy,  S.  S. 

1918  De  Ford.   U.   C. 
1921  Ford,  John  W. 

1921  Johnson,  Theodore  E. 

1921  Jones,  Paul  J. 

1921  Jones,   Richard,  Jr. 

1914  Koonce,    Charles,    Jr. 

1920  McKain,  W.  0. 

1921  Moore,  E.  H. 
1914  Ohl,  Guy  T. 

ZaneiTille  (Muskingum) 

1921  Croflsan,  Tom  O. 

1922  Frader,   Florien  F. 
1918    Meyer,  Edward  R. 


OHIO— OSLAKOXA 
OXLASOXA 

Ada   (Pontotoc) 

1920  Epperson,  B.  H. 

1921  Green,  C.   F. 

1920  Jones,  E.  N. 

1921  McKeel,  J.   F. 
1918    McKeown,  Tom  D. 

1920    Wadlington,  Anthony  W. 

Alva  (Woods) 

1918    Noah,  H.  A. 
1916    Sutton,   A.   G. 


Ardmore  (Carter) 

1918 

Brown,  H.  H. 

1921 

Brown,  Russell  B. 

1921 

CHiampion,    Thomas   W 

1920 

Coakley,  Charles  A. 

1921 

Cruce,  W.  E. 

1921 

Cruce,  W.  I. 

1921 

Eddleroan,  A. 

1921 

George,  S.  A. 

1921 

Hardy,  A.  J. 

1920 

Hefner,  R.  A. 

1914 

Ledbetter,  H.  A. 

1921 

Moore,  J.  B. 

1916 

Potter,  W.  D. 

1920 

Slough,  E.  B. 

1921 

Sneed,  R.  R. 

1921 

West,  A.  T. 

1921 

WilUams,  J.  E. 

Atoka   (Atoka) 
1902    Ralls,  Joseph  G. 

BartleiTille  (Washington) 
1911    Rowland,  Lloyd  A. 

Briitow   (Oeek) 
1921    Lanx,  J.  Frank 

Chandler  (Lincoln) 

1921    Feuquay,  C.  M. 
1921    Foster,'  B.  A. 

Cheootab  (Mcintosh) 
1921    Freeman,  Charles  R. 

Oharokae   (AUalfa) 

1921    Hill,  Ira  A. 

1917  Titus,  A.  J. 

Ohiokaiha  (Grady) 

1916  Bailey,  Frank  M. 

1916  Barefoot,  B.  B. 

1918  Bond,  Reford 
1911  Oarmichael,  J.  D. 


Cliiokaaha  (Gndr)   OMtt'd 

1914    Hammerly,   Hany 
1914    Melton,  Adrian 

1916  Melton,  Alger 

OordaU  (Wadiita) 

1919  Duff,  J.  A. 

1920  Massingale,  S.  0. 

Duaoan   (Stephens) 

1917  Sandlin,  Joel  M. 
1914    Womack,  G.  F. 

Dorant  (Bryan) 
1922    McPherren,    Charies    K. 

XldMado  (Jackson) 
1914    Austin,  W.  C. 

Zl  Reno  (Canadian) 

1918  Blake,  C.  O. 
1920    Fogg,  H.  L. 

Bald   (Oarfleld) 

1916  Oorran,  John  P. 

1020  Oarber,  M.  C. 

1920  Harmon,  Charles  N. 

1920  Kruse,  Carl 

1921  McKeever,  H.  O. 
1921  McKnight,  Louie  E. 
1921  Moore,  W.  L. 

1920  Simons,  P.  C. 

Bnfanla  (Mcintosh) 

1921  Nichols,   Clark 

Fradarlok  (Tillman) 
1921    Roe,  W.  G. 

Grova  (Delawsre) 
1916    Coppedge,  A.  V. 

Outlirla  (Logan) 

1904  Blerer,  A.   G.   Curtin 

1914  Cotte^l,  John  H. 

1921  Green,  Fred  W. 

1920  Rcmy,  John  A. 
1018  Smith,  Charles  0. 

Habart  (Kiowa) 

1921  Martin,  Geocge  W. 

RaUla  (HannoD) 
1921    Cos,  Boa 


STATE   LIST   OF  MEMBERS   BY    CIT 


Hnr^  (ChocUw) 

1921  Carter,  Luther 

im  Dlckion,  J.  L. 

1920-  Jonei,  Calvin 

1919  McDonald,  A.  A. 

Idabel  (McCurlaio) 
1921    McPheraon,  William  L. 

LillKtn   f Ransom) 

1921    Adams,  Sidney  D. 

1921  Kvello,   Alfred  M. 

XoAleiter   (Pittsburg) 

1918    Gordon,  Jamea  H. 

1922  Keith,  I.  P. 

1918  Wright.  Allen 

MAngmn   (Oreer) 

1920  Edwards,  H.  H. 
1920    Henry,  H.  D. 

MUmi  (OtUwa) 

1920    Barry,  Norman  C. 

1919  McNauglitoB,   Ray 
1919    Horsey,  Clyde 

1919  Thompson,  A.  Scott 

Xnldrow  (Sequoyah) 

1920  Watto,  Tbomss  J. 

Miiikorea   (MvikAfd'e) 

1920  Armbrister,  C.   A. 

1920  Bohannon,  Earl 

1920  Bonds,   Archibald 

1920  Brainerd,  Ezra,  Jr. 

1920  Broaddus,  Bower 

1920  Brooke,  Eck  E. 

1920  Campbell,  J.  B. 

1911  Furry,  J.   B. 

1020  Gibson,   N.    A. 

1920  OotnaU,  Charles  P. 

1920  Green,  Maurice  D. 

1920  Hull,  Joseph  L. 

1920  Jones,  Edward  R. 

1920  Leahy,  Thomas  W. 

1920  Lee,   Frank 

1920  Leekley,  Harlow  A. 

1920  Martin,  Villard 

1920  Miller,  George,  Jr. 

1920  Moon,  Charles  A. 

1906  Hosier,  John  H. 

1910  Ramsey,  George  S. 

1920  Reynolds,  Morniaa  E. 

1920  Roach,  L.  J. 

1914  Rosser,  Halcolm  E. 

1920  Smith,  Howard  L. 


OKLAHOMA 

MntkoffM  (Muskogee) 
Cont'd 

1918  Stone,  Joseph  C. 

1920  Williams,  Paul  C. 
1002  Williams,  R.  L. 

Vewklrk  (Kay) 

1916  Sullivan,  Sam.   K. 

VoniMUi  (Cleveland)    ! 

1918  Cheadle,  J.  B. 
1914  Kulp,   Victor  H. 

Oakei  (Dickey) 

1921  Guy,  Arthur  P. 

OkoauOi  (Okfuskee) 

1912  Patterson,  John  B. 

1919  Wren,  Thomas  H. 

OkUboma    City    (Oklahomt 

1904  Ames,  (Jharles  B. 

1014  Armstrong,  James  R. 

1920  Black,  OUver  C.  . 
1920  Blinn,  Clarence  J. 
1918  Brewer,  Phil.  D. 
1916  Brigga,  William  A. 

1922  Burford,  John  II. 
1918  Calhoun,    Samuel    A. 
1920  Cargill,   O.    A. 

1920  Ouce,  M.  K. 

1920  Day,  Jean  P. 

1918  Dudley,  J.   B. 

1918  Embry,  John 

1920  Estes,  Joel  S. 

1913  Everest,  J.  H. 

1911  Galbraith,   Clinton   A. 

1918  Green.  Geo.  M. 
1907  Harris,  S.  U. 

1920  Harris,  Samuel  Lowe 

191$  Hayes,  S.  W. 

1919  Hough,  A.   Carey 
1916  Howell.  Edward 
1922  Ingraham,  James  A. 
1918  Johnson.   Charles  E. 
1904  Kane.  Matthew  J. 
1907  Keaton,  J.  R. 

1912  Kleinschmidt,  R.  A. 

1920  Looney,  M.   A. 
1918  Lybrand,   Walter  A. 
1916  ycAdams,  E.  G. 
1920  McCaelland.  Bruce.  Jr 

1918  Mclnnls,  E.  E. 

1919  Maupin,  Robert  W. 
1918  Meister,  M.  G. 

1920  Hiley,  John  H. 

1914  Hoore,  Charles  L. 


984 


AMERICAN    BAR  ASSOCIATION. 


Pftwlmika  (Osage)  Cont'd 

1921  Murphey,  A.  N. 

1021  Sands,  A.  S. 

1919  Scott,  E.  F. 

1919  Stuart,  Robert 
1921  Vauffhan,  W.  W. 

1920  White,  H.  P. 

1920  Widdowi,  A.  M. 

1921  Wilson,  Charles  B.,  Jr. 

Pawii««  (Pawnee) 
1916    Orton,  L.  V. 

Pemr  (Noble) 

1921    Cress,- P.  W. 

1921    Johnston,  Henry  & 

Potean  (Le  Flore) 

1918  Vamer,  T.  T. 

Prague  (Lincoln) 
1980    Wella,  W.  E. 

Puroell  (McClain) 
1921    Madison,  W.  C. 

Bapulpa  (Creek) 

1020    Allen,  Sam  T. 

1919  Davenport,  C.  J. 

1921  EOingbauaen,  Edwin  A. 

1919  Fraaier,  J.  V. 
1921  Hughes,  Ernest  B. 

1920  Keenan,  Robert  B. 
1911  McDougal,  D.  A. 

1919  Odell,  William  H. 

1920  Pryor,  W.  V. 

1918  Robertson,  R.  K. 

1919  Thrift,  James  Early 

1919  Wright,  Lncian  B. 

Bbftwnee   (Pottawatomie) 
1916    Abernathy,  George  C. 

1920  Arrington,  Roacoe  C. 
1918    Cooper,  Paul  F. 

1921  Dierker,  Charles  E. 
1920    Ennis,  G.  H. 

1920  Lydick,  J.  D. 

1020  Reasor,  E.  D. 

1920  Stanard,  G.  C. 

1920  Wells,  Charles  E. 

Stillwater  (Payne) 

1920    Hickam,  John  P. 
1»22    Moore,  Raymond  U. 


OSLAHOXA'^-ORSOOV 

Talfa  (Tulsa) 

1920  Aby,  H.  P. 

1912  Blair,  Robert  F. 

19S0  Beorstin,  Samuel  A. 

1920  Bostick,  Charles  R. 

1919  Breckinridge,  M.  A. 

1918  Brennan,  John  H. 

1920  Brown,  George  T. 
1920  Brown,  Tracy  D. 

1919  Bush,  Charles  E. 

1919  Campbell,  Harry 

1916  Chase,   W.  A. 

1920  Conner,  Benjamin  C. 
1920  Daniel,  Lee 

1918  De  Meules,  Edgar  A. 
1920  Dewberry,  Joe  T. 
1920  Hagan,  Horace  U. 

1917  Hardy,  Summers 
1920  Hunt,   Albert  C. 

1919  Kellough,  R.  W. 

1920  Lewis,  S.  R. 
1920  Lundy,  E.  J. 

1916  McClarin,  William  H. 

1911  Mason,  Herbert  D. 

1919  Mieher,  V.  C. 

1920  Molony,   Alvin  F. 
1920  Moore,  Grey 
1920  Oiler,  Fred  D. 
1920  Reeves.  George  E. 
1920  Rogers,  Remlng:nn 

1919  Sherman,  Roger  S. 

1920  Sipe,  William  A.,  Jr. 
1916  Smith,  R.  A. 

1916  Spradling,  Marvin  C. 

1920  Tucker,  William  F. 
1911  Veaaey,  James  A. 
1922  West,  Charles 
1908  West,  Preston  C. 

ViBlU  (Craig) 

1904  Davenport,  James  S. 

1918  Frear,  Theodore  Du  Bois 
1904  Komegay,   W.  H. 

Welllton  (Lincoln) 

1921  Erwin,  W.  C. 

Wewoka  (Seminole) 

1921  Cobb,  Florence  Etberidge 

1021  Cobb,  James  H. 

1021  Cutlip,  C.  Guy 

1021  Davis,  B.  F. 

1021  Horsley,  Thomas  J. 

1013  Roberta,  Richard  J. 

1021  Simpson,  J.  E. 

1021  Willraott,  John  W. 

1021  Wolfe,  G.  Dale 


WlllrarteB  (Latimer) 

1918  Jones,  Philoa  8. 

1921  Lester,  Eugene  F. 

Woodward  (Woodward) 

1920    Alexander,  (Tharlea  R» 
1920    Wybrandt,  O.   C. 

OBXOOV 

Albany  (Linn) 

1018    Hill,  Gale  S. 

1919  Rialey,  WUliaro  S. 

1920  Weatberford,  J.  K. 

Aahland  (Jackson) 

1922  Briggs,  E.  D. 

1922    Briggs,  William  M. 
1922    Dickey,  Nellie 

Aeterla  (Clatsop) 

1920  Anderson,  Olof 

1921  Barrett,  Jasper  J, 
1918    Norblad,  A.  W. 

Bakar  (Baker) 

1916  .\nderson,  Gustar 

1920  Hallock,  Blaine 
1914  Heilner,  Joseph  J. 
1980  Nichols,  James  H. 

1922  Smith,  A.  A. 

CoBdoB  (Oilliam) 
1922    Weinke,  T.  A. 

OorvalUa  (Benton) 

1916  Clarke,  Arthur 

1922  Lewis,  Jay  L. 

1922  Wilson,  B.  B. 

1922  Yates,  J.  F. 

Dallas  (Polk) 

1922    Belt,  Harry  Uackleman 
1906    Hayter,  Oocar 

1921  Piaaecki,  E.  K. 

Elfla  (Union) 

1922  Denham,  Lewis 

Euffeae  (Lane) 

1920  Bryaon,  E.  R. 

1922  Hale,  WiUiam  G. 

1916  Hardy,  Charles  A. 

1922  Immel,  £.  O. 

1920  Skipworth,  Geonge  FTaak 

1922  Smith,  Fred  E. 

1920  Smith,  Richard  Shore 

1922  Warner,  Sam  Baai 


8TATB  LIST  OP  HEMBEB8   BT   OITIBI 


1900   BuftiKton*  Collier  H. 

Onati  Tmi  (Joflephiae) 
lOtt    Ohlnnocky  Junes  T. 

XUsMkiii  f»lli  (Klanath) 
1981    DuDoeii,  W.  M . 

La  Orande  (Union) 

1922    Crawford,  T.  H. 
1922    Eberhard,  Colon  R. 
1922    Finn«  C.  B. 

,  XoMlnnvina  (Tamhill) 

1921    "Tooce,  Walter  L. 

1921  Vinton,  W.  T. 

XarahiHeld  (Coos) 
1920    Bennett,  T.  T. 

Xedford  (Jackw>n) 

1922  Neff,  Porter  J. 
1920    Reamea,  Alfred  Evan 
1922    Roberta,  O.  M. 

Hewb«rr  (Yamhill) 
1922    Butt,  Clarence 

Ongon  Oitj  (Clackamaa) 

1922    Hammond,    William 
1922    Hedges,  Joseph  K. 

Fandleton  (Umatilla) 
1918   carter,  Charles  H. 

Portland  (Multnomah) 

1918  Allen,  Harrison 

1922  Aaher,   Abraham 

1922  Atkins,  Joseph  L. 

1920  Bailey,  J.  O. 
1914  Bean,  Robert  S. 
1918  Beekman,  Benj.  B. 
1021  Bell,  Chriss  A. 
1922  Bematein,  Alex. 
1021  Bischoir,  S.  J. 

1921  Bracell,  Edward  J. 
mi  Brigtol,  William  C. 
1920  Anooaugh,  Earl  C. 

1910  Burnett,  Coy 

1920  Cake,  W.  M. 
1892   Carey,  Charles  H. 

1922  Christensen,    C.    D. 

1911  Clark,  Alfred  E. 

1921  Olii^,  Malcolm  H. 
1916  Coan,  Ralph  M. 


omsooH 

Partland  (Muhnomab) 
Cont'd 

1920  Cochran,  Charles  E. 

1921  Cole,  Bartlett 
1919  Cookiagham,  Presobtt  W, 

1919  Dey,  Ben  C. 
1921  Dobson,  Alfred  P. 
lOlS  Emmoos,  Arthur  Q.  | 

1920  Brana,  Walter  H. 
1916  Fitzgerald,  J.  J. 
1990  Flegel,  A.  F. 

1921  Freed,  Edgar 
1906  Oearin,  John  M. 

1921  Qeaiy,  Arthur  M. 
1908  Geialer,  T.  J. 

1922  Gilbert,  Clarence  H. 
1914  Gilbert,  William  B. 

1919  Qleason,  Walter  Burrell 
1921  Goldstein,  Baniett  H. 
1918  Griffith,  Franklin  T. 
1990  Grigsby,  Fenton  Earl 
1921  Guthrie,  George  B. 
1914  Hampaon,  Alfred  A. 
1021  Hannon,  John  P. 

1921  Hardy,  Ernest  W. 

1914  Hart,  Charlea  A. 

1922  Henderaon,   Wilbur 
1922  Hindman,  Charlea  C. 
1921  Hodges,  Charles  U. 
1901  Holman,  Frederick  V. 
1020  Humphreya,  Lester  W. 
1916  Hunt,  Isaac  D. 
1916  Husted.  Glenn  £. 
1921  Idleman,  Cicero  M. 

1915  Johnson,  William  A. 

1921  Joseph,  George  W. 

1922  Keller,  W.  G. 

1921  Kelley,  J.  H. 
1906  Kerr,  Jamea  B. 

1922  Korell,  Franklin  F. 

1920  Laing,  John  A. 
1906  La  Roche,  W.  P. 
1922  Layman,  F.  B. 

1921  Little,  Carl  M. 

1921  Lonergan,  Frank  J. 
1912  McCamant,  Wallace 

1922  McCarthy,  Lo>iil  H. 

1918  McCourt,  John 

1921  McCue,  John  C. 

1920  McCulloch,  William  C. 

1919  MacVeagh,  Rogers 

1922  Malorkey,  Dan  J. 
1922  MatthiesBen,  Mark  M. 

1921  Meacham,  M.  B. 
1906  MonUgue,  Richard  W. 

1921  Montgomery,  Hugh 

1922  Moaer,  Qua  C. 

1916  Moulton,  Arthur  I, 


STATE  LIST  Of  H1SHBSBS  BT   CITISfl 


(Brie) 

1918  Brooks,  John  B. 

1914  OuioU,  W.  S. 

1921  Bncliah,  Oharlci  U. 
1918  FJih,  Henry  E. 
1918  Sawdey,  Dnrid  A. 

1922  Seabiook,  Wilbur  R. 
1914  Walling.  Emorj  A. 

FniBkUB    (Venango) 

1921  Oarmichael,  J.  S. ' 

1913  Hastings,  Q,   D. 

1922  Jobson,  Alexander  B. 

Oettysbnrff  (Adams) 

1918    Keith,  John  D. 

1914  McPhemo;),  Donald  P. 

Oreensbnrg  (Westmoreland) 

1914  Gaither.  Paul  H. 

1914  Head.  John  B. 

1912  Kunklc,  John  E. 

1922  Borber,   Samuel  R, 

OreenvlUa  (Mercer) 
1918    Pettit,  W.  C. 

OroT<s  Oitj  (Mercer) 
1980    McBride.   Milford  L. 

Karrisburg   (Dauphin) 

1918  Ainey,  Wm.  D.  B. 

1911  Bailey,    Charles    L.,    Jr. 

1914  Brady,  John  T. 

1914  Cunningham,  J.  E.  B. 

1914  Fox,  John  E. 

1000  Hargest,   William  M. 

1914  Stamm,  A.  C. 

1907  Stroh,  (Tharles  0. 

1022  Wickersham,    Frank    B. 

Haverford  (Montgomery) 
1918   Measey,  William  Maul 

Kawiey  (Wayne) 
1918    Decker,  Victor  A. 

R«nh«y  (Dauphin) 

1018   Snyder,  John  E. 

Hellldaysbarg  (Blair) 

1018  Baldrige,  Thomas  J. 

1014  Patterson,  George  G. 

1018  Patterson,  Marion  D. 

1016  Woodcock,    W.   I. 


FSmrBTIiTAVIA 

KoBMdAle   (W^yne) 

1018    McCarty,  O.  A. 
1918    Searle,  Alonao  T. 
HomtidkU  (dearteld) 

1918    McGrath,  John  B. 

Huntiagdoa  (Huntingdon) 

1918  Ohtoolm,    Wm.    Wallace 

1918  Dorris,  John  D. 

1912  Orlady,  Geo.  B. 

1928  Simpson,'  J.   Randolph 

XadiAaa  (Indiana) 
1914    Fisher,  John  8. 

joluutown    (Ciambria) 

1018  Bamhart,  Frank  P. 

1920  Button,  Donald  E. 

1918  Endsley,  H.  8. 

1918  Foster,  George  A. 

1917  Rhue.  L.  Verde 

1919  Sherbine,  Alvin 
1916    Wolfe,  George  E. 

JCane  (McKean) 

1918  MuIIin,  J.  E. 


1918 


KnozvlUa   (Tioga) 
Ashton,  Chester  H. 


iMnamttm  (Lancaster) 

1918  Appel,  William  Kevin 

1918  Baker,  Charles  G. 

1805  Brown,   J.  Hay 

1917  Davis,  Benjamin  F. 
1922  Frants,  J.  Andrew 

1918  Keller,  Wm.  H. 
1901  Landis,  Chas.  I. 
1918  Nauman,  John  A. 

1913  Smith,  Eugene  G. 

1917  Windolph,   F.  Lyman 
1912    Zimmerman,   8.    R. 

LebaaoB  (Lebanon) 

1918  Henry,  C.  V. 

1914  Meyer,   Samuel  T. 

Lewlsbnrgb   (Union) 

1916    Leiser,  Andrew  A.,  Jr. 
1918    Linn,  PhiUp  B. 
1914    Steininger,  Oloyd 

LewisiOB   (Mifflin) 
1914    Culbertson,  Horace  J. 

XcKeesport  (Allegheny) 
1914    Newlin,   William  B. 


1^88 


AMfi&ICAN   BAB  A880CUTI0N. 


tforrlstowii  (Montgomery) 

1913  Dannehower,  Wm.  9. 
1918  Evans,  Montgomery 
1918  Pox,  Henry  I. 

1918  Hallman,  E.  L. 

1914  Unelere,  Nicholas  H. 
1914  Miller,  John  Paber 
1918  Solly.  William  F. 

FhiUdalphift  (Philadelphia)  . 

1906  Abbott,  Edwin  M. 
1914  AdauM,  John  S. 
1918  Adler,  Francis  O. 

1909  Alexander,  Benjsmin 
1902  Alexander,  Laden  Hugh 
19U  Amram,  David  Werner 

1907  Anderson,  Wm.  Y.  C. 
1918  Arnold,  Arthur  S. 

1908  Barnes,  John  Hampton 
1914  Barratt,  NorrU  S. 

1910  Bartilucci,  Joseph  P. 
1918  Bauerle,  Albert  T. 
1896  Bayard,  James  Wilson 
1901  Bedford,  J.  Claude 
1892  Beeber,  Dimner 

1918  Beitler,  Abraham  M. 

1912  Beitler,  Harold  B. 

1908  Bell,  John  G. 

1918  Bergen,  Martin  V. 

1916  Beury,  Oharles  E. 

1907  Biddle,  Charles 
1918  BockiuB,  Morris  R. 

1916  Bodine,  W.  B.,  Jr. 
1906  Bohlen,  Francis  H. 
1918  Bonsall,  Edward  H. 
1914  Bomeman,  Henry  S. 
1914  Bowker,  George  C. 
1914  Bowman,  W.  P. 
1011  Bracken,    Francis    B. 
1918  Breitinger,  F.  L. 
1918  Breitinger,  J.  Louis 
1912  Brice,  Philip  H. 
1912  Bright,  Robert  S. 

1917  Brinton,  Sbarswood 
1890  Brown,  Francis  Shunk 

1918  Brown,  Henry  P. 
1894  Brown,  John  A. 
1918  Brown,  Reynolds  D. 
1918  Brown,     William     Alex- 
ander 

1918  Brown,  Wm.  Findlay 

1908  Bullitt,  Joshua  Fry 
1914  Bunting,  Joseph  T. 

1921  Burch,  Francis  F. 

1922  Burnett,  William  H. 
1908  Oadwalader,  John 
1912  Cadwalader,  John,  Jr. 
1918  (^ntreU,  Francis  8.,  Jr. 


FSmSYLTAJffZA 

FhiUd«l9kU  (Philadelphia) 
0)Bt'd 

1912  (3arr,  Cteo.  Wentworth 
1890  CterKm,  Haaiptoii  L. 
1914  CSanon,  Joseph 

19141  Ciatharine,  Joseph  W. 

1806  Ohambers,  Francis  T. 

1918  GSiapman,  Francis 

1908  dhapman,  S.  Spencer 

1920  Childi,  Randolph  W. 
1918  Clark,  FredMc  L. 
1918  OlMTk,  Joaeph  S. 

1918  dement,  Sassuel  M.,  Jr. 

1913  Cody,  Frank  M. 

1921  Coles,  George  W. 
1916  Oonlen,  William  J. 
1916  Connor,  William  T. 
1916  CooUy,  WUliam  John 
1911  Cooper,  Samuel  W. 

1922  Crawford,  Winiield  W. 

1913  Cronin,  Charles  I. 

1914  Crowley,  Jere  J. 
1896  Cuyler,  Thos.  De  Witt 

1921  DaCosta,  Charles  F. 
1918  Daix,  Augustus  F.,  Jr. 
1918  Daly,  James  Martin 
1918  Davis,  William  A. 
1918  Davis,  Wm.  Potter,  Jr. 
1916  Deeter,  Paxson 

1918  Dick,  Lewis  R. 

1918  Dickey,  John,  Jr. 

1918  Dickinson,  O.  B. 

1916  Dickson,  Arthur  G. 

1918  Dohan,  James  M. 

1918  Donahue,  Frank  Rogers 

1919  Douglas*  Walter  C,  Jr. 
1918  Downing,  Charles  H. 
1918  Doyle,  Michael  Francis 

1913  Drinker,  Henry  &.,  Jr. 
1896  Duane.  Russell 

1918  ^ton,  Arthur  B. 

1911  Edmonds,  Franklin  S. 

1918  Edwards,  Geo.  J.,  Jr. 

1918  Eichholz,  Adolph 

1918  Embery,  Joseph   R. 

1918  Englander,  Samuel 

1922  Ervin,  Spencer 
1918  Evans,  John  Lewis 
1918  Fahy,  Thomas  A. 
1918  Fahy,  Walter  T. 

1914  Faught,  Albert  Smith 
1918  Feldman,  Samuel 
1916  Felix,  Harry 

1914  Fenstermaker,  Thomas  A. 

1894  Fenton,  Hector  T. 

1918  Ferguson,  Wm.  B.  S. 

1921  Finletter,  Thomas  D. 

1918  Fisher,  George  H. 


PbUaddlpkU  (PhlkKlclphia) 
Confd 

1887  Fiafaer,  Wm.  Rigbter 

1906  Flaherty,  James  A. 

1918  Foil,  Leon  H. 

1918  Pols,  Stanley 

1806  Foster,  Charles  B. 

1918  Fries,  Henry  K. 

1917  Gadsden,  PhiUp  H. 

1918  Gallager,  Franots  O. 
1918  Gatsi,  Jay 

1904  Gates,  Itiomas  8. 

1918  Geiger,  Frederick  J. 

1913  Oeraghty,  Michael  J. 

1908  Geat,  John  Marshall 

1913  Gilkyaon,  T.  Walter 
1918  Gill,  Harry  B. 

1808  Glasgow,  Wm.  A,  Jr. 

1918  Gordon,  James  Gay 

1903  Graham,  (3eorge  S. 
1918  Granger,  Perdval  H. 

1914  Gray,  Wflliam  A. 
1806  Griffith,  Wsrren  G. 
1918  Gross,  Joseph 

1914  Gumbes,  Francis  Macomb 

1917  Gummey,  Charles  F. 
1921  Hagan,  Robert  E. 

1918  Halg,  Alfred  R. 

1921  Hanby,  Albert  T. 

1918  Harkitts,  George  W..  Jr. 

1918  Harris,  Bernard 

1920  Hart,  Geoivc 

1918  Hatfield,  Henry  R. 

1918  Heebner,  Charles 

1913  Heiligman,  Otto  R. 
1928  Heine,  H.  Eugene 

1914  Heiserman.  C.  B. 

1922  Hemphill,   John   Mickle 
1910  Henderson,  George 
1918  Henderson,  Joseph  W. 
1916  Henderson,  Samuel  J. 

1913  Hepburn,  C.  J. 

1914  Herzberg,  Max 

1904  Hewitt,  Luther  R. 
1918  Ribbeiti,  D.  P. 
1914  Hinckley,  John  C. 
1918  Hocfastadter,  Harry  C. 
1918  Hoefler,  Henry  A. 
1918  Hood,  James  E. 

1916  Hopkinson,  Edward,  Jr. 

1894  Howion,  Charles 

1918  HowBon,  CSiarles  H. 

1914  Huey,  Arthur  B. 

1921  Hulburd,  David  Wendell 
1016  nioway,  Bernard  A. 
1918  Jackson,  Arthur  E.  I. 
1918  Jenkins,  Tlieodore  P. 
1918  Johnson,  Howard  Oooper 


STATE   UST  OF  M£MiiSB8   BY   CIT| 


n 


PhUad«lpUa  (PiiUwl«lp)iiii) 
Cont'd 

1012  Jonei,  Ju.  OoIUm 

1908  Kane,   Frandfi  Firtier 

1918  Kee47,  Bdwia  R. 

1914  Keene,  George  Frederick 

1918  Kendri<A,  Murdoch 

1918  Knaus,  Frederick  J. 

1916  Lftdner,  Albert  H.,  Jr. 

1916  Ladner,  QroTer  O. 

1914  Laak,  Edgar  W. 

1920  Lechner,  Harvey  L. 
1914  Levi,  Juliua  O. 
1900  Lewia,  Franca  O. 

1916  Lewis,  Howard  BentoD 

1908  JLewiB,   John  Frederick 

1917  Lewia,  Shippen 
1896  Lewis,  Wm.  Draper 

1909  Linn,  William  B. 

1918  Littleton,  Wm.  G.^ 
1906  Lloyd,  Malcolm,  Jr. 
1918  Lloyd,  WilUam  H. 
1918  Loeb,   Clarence 

1914  Logue,  J.  Washington 

1918  Longstreth,  Mayne  R. 

1918  Louchbeim,  Samuel  K. 

1918  Loughlin,  John  K. 

1918  Ludlow,  Benjamin  H.. 

1914  McAdams,  Francis  M. 

1918  McCartby,  Henry  A. 

1921  McCaughey,  H.  M. 
1918  McCoUin,  Edward  G. 

1911  McCkHich,  H.  Gordon 
1914  McGullen,  Joseph  P. 

1912  McDevitt,  John  J.,  Jr. 
1928  McKaig,  Edgar  S. 
1918  McKeehan,  Charles  L. 
1918  McManus,  M.  T. 

1921  McMichael,  Charles  B. 

1916  McMullan,  James 

1914  MacFarland,  Leo 

1914  Mandel,  David,  Jr. 

1889  Martin,  J.  Willis 

1914  Marye,  Robert  V. 

1912  Mason,  William  Clarke 

1914  Mayer,  Clinton  O. 

1918  Mead,  Glenn  C. 

1918  Meagher,   Thomas  James 

1918  Meigs,  WillUm  M. 

1918  Melcher,  Webster  A. 

1918  Mellors,  Joseph 

1918  Merchant,  Edward 

1918  Mesirov,  Harry  S. 

1916  Middleton,  Allen  C. 
1908  MikeU,  William  E. 

1917  Miller,  Arthur  Hagen 

1918  Miller,  E.  Augustus 
1887  Miller,  E.  Spencer 


vnmnYAviA 

Pblladflphi*  (PbUadelpU 
Cont'd 

1914  MUler,  J.  Albert 

1916  Miller,   PhiUppus  W. 

1922  BCirkil,  Haselton 

1918  MirkU,  L  Haaleton 

1918  Moise.  Albert  L. 

1918  Monaghan,  John 

1914  Montgomery,  W.  W.,  J| 

1918  Montgomeiy,    Wm.    M« 

gan 

1918  Moore,  Alfred  | 

1918  Morgan,  C.  E.,  8d 

1889  Morgan,  Randal 

1918  Morris,  Effingham  B. 

1914  Morris,  W.  Norman 

1918  Mowiti,   Amo  P. 

1909  NeOson,  William  D. 

1916  Newbourg,  Frederick  0.| 

Jr. 

1897  Nichols,  H.  8.  Prenti>« 

1918  Norris,  G.  Heide 
1916  Norria,  Thomas  J. 
1916  O'Connell,  Bernard  J. 

1919  Oliver,  L.  Stauffer 

1908  Page,  Howard  W. 
1896  Patterson,  George  S. 
1918  Patteraon,  John  M. 
1884  Patterson,  T.  Elliott 

1918  Patton,  J.  Lee 

1919  Paul,  Heniy  N. 
1918  Paul,  J.  Rodman 
1912  Pennypacker,  Bevan  A. 
1894  Pepper,  George  W. 
1918  PhUlips,  David 

1920  Pitcaim,     Raymond 
1918  Podolin,  Emil  L. 
1916  Porter,  W.  Hobart 
1918  Powell.  Humbert  B. 
1918  Pusey,  Fred  Taj- lor 
1916  Rambo,  Onnond 
1878  Rawle,  Francis 
19K  Raymond,  Eugene 
1918  Rearick,  Bertram  D. 
1918  Reber,  J.  Howard 
1912  ReiUy,  Paul 
1918  Remak,  Gustavus,  Jr. 

1921  Rettew,  J.  Barton 
1918  Reynolds,  John 
1918  Rich,  George  P. 

1911  Richardson,  E.  SUnley 
1918  Ridgway,   Thomas 
1918  Ritter,  A.  Howard 

1912  Roberts,  C.  Wilson 

1909  Roberts,  Owen  J. 
1918  Rodman,  Walter  C. 
1921  Roeenbaum,  Samuel 
1914  Roaenberger,  Emil 


990 


AMERICAN    BAR   ASSOCIATION. 


PhiUdalpliiA   (Philadelphia) 
Cont'd 

1911  Vale,  Ruby  R. 

1011  Van  Duaen,  Lewis  H. 

1«17  Van  Horn,  Oharlea  F. 

1906  VitI,  Marcel  A. 

1901  Von  UoKhzisker,  Robert 
1918  Walker,  George  B. 

1912  Wallerstcin.  David 
1921  Warner,  Frank  H. 

1902  Waters,    Asa   Wilson 

(Cambridge,   Mass.) 

1896  Weaver,  John 

1913  Weill,  A.  S. 
1906.  Weimer,  Albe^  B. 
1918  Wesley,  (Tharles  S. 

1907  Wetherill,  J.  Lawrence 

1914  White,  Thomas  Raebum 
1918  Wiler,  Alfred  D. 

1918  Willard,  Walter 

1918  Williams,  Ellis  D. 

1902  Williams,   Ira   Jewell 

1916  Williams,  Parker  S. 
1918  Williams,  Thomas  S. 

1913  Wilson,  Joseph  R. 
1907  Wintersteen,  Abram  H. 
1912  Wolf,  Morris 

1906  Woodruff,  Clinton  Rogers 

PhoenizTille  (Chester) 

1914  Gilkyson,   H.  H. 

1918  Haviland,  John,  Jr. 

Pittsbnrffh  (Allegheny) 

1914  Acheson,  M.  W.,  Jr. 

1921  Adair,  Watson  B. 

1917  Adams,  Homer 
1917  Alter,  George  E. 
1922.  Backus,  Richard  C. 
1916  Bane,  John  C. 
1921  Barton,  Lowrie  C. 
1914  Batts,  Robert  L. 

1919  Bell,  Edgar  P. 
1916  Benner,  Thomas  M. 
1914  Blaxter,  H.  V. 
1919  Bostwick,  R.  O. 
1921  Brady,  Jas.  L. 
1921  Brecden,  Waldo  P. 
1914  Brennen,  W.  J. 
1916  Brown,  John  D. 

1914  Brown,  Thomas  Stephen 

1919  Buchanan,  John  G. 

1914  Burgwin,  A.  P. 

1914  Burgwin,  George  C. 

1921  Burgwin,  Hill 

1914  Calvert,  George  H. 

1921  Campbell,  CHyde  William 

1914  Campbell,  George  J. 


PEVKBTLTAHIA 

Pittibnrffh  (Allegheny) 
Cont'd 

1921  Oancelllere,  Peter  M. 

1918  Carpenter,  J.  HcF. 

1916  Carr,  James  O. 

1914  GhalJBuit,  John  W. 

1921  Christy,  James  Smith 

1921  Coyle,  James  P. 

1918  Crane,  Judaon  A. 
1921  Cnrry,  Grant 

1914  Dahlinger,  Charles  W. 

1914  Dalzell,  William  S. 

1921  Dannals,  Pier 

1922  Daugherty,  Nerval  R. 

1919  Davis,  Allan 

1919  Denny,  Harmar  D.,  Jr. 

1921  Donaldson,  Matthew  J. 

1921  Doty,  William  S. 

1914  Eichenauer,  John  B. 

1916  England,  Miles  H. 

1921  English,  John  N. 

mi  Errett,  Wm.  R. 

1914  Fisher,  Ctordon 

1911  Flowers,  George  W. 
1914  Ford,  Thomas  J. 
1921  Forsyth,  Andrew  W. 

1918  Fraaer,  John  G. 
1914  Frawr,  Robert  8. 

1919  Freeman,  John  Miller 
1921  George,  Austin  L. 
1914  Gilflllan,    Alex. 

1914  Gillespie,  Charles  D. 

1914  Gordon,  George  B. 

1921  Graham,  Robert  F. 

1905  Gray,  James  C. 

1921  Grubbs,  Wm.  Clyde 

1914  Guthrie,  Walter  J. 

1896  Hall,  William  M. 

1921  Harrison,  Brace 

1913  Hartman,  Galen  0. 
1921  Haverty,  John  M. 

1914  Hawkins,  Richard  H. 
1921  Hclner,  William  Graham 

1920  Hirsch,   Albert  C. 

1921  Houlden,  Robert  T. 

1915  Houston,   James  Garfield 
1921  Howell,   George   D. 
1914  Imbrie,  A.  M. 

1921  IngersoU,  Frank  B. 

1912  Irwin,  Ernest  C. 

1918  Isaacs,  Nathan 

1919  Jones,  Charles  Alvin 
1921  Kambach,  George  J. 
1921  Kaplan,  Frank  R.   S. 
1921  Kaufman,  Wm. 

1921  Knox,  Wm.  F. 

1920  Lindsay,  Alexander  P. 
1920  Little,   Norval   W. 


Plttilnirrlk  (AUegheBy) 

Confd 

1908  Lyon,  Walter 

1921  McCallister,    Edgar    W. 

1921  McOalnont,  John  E. 

1911  McGli^,  Saroael 

1896  McClung,    Wm.   H. 

1918  McOormick,   Samuel    B. 

1921  McGinia,  Bernard  B. 

1918  McGirr,  Frank  C. 
1021  McKenna,  Charles  F. 

1921  McKinl^,  Harry  S. 
1914  MacRum,  W. 

1919  Marsh,   James   Ingraham 

1922  Martin,   Richard  W. 

1920  Mayhugh.  Jowph  F. 
1021  Mehard,  Churchill  B. 

1921  Mercer,  R.  Fred 
1921  Meyer,  (}eorge  Y. 

1921  Meyer,  John  D. 

1922  Meyer,  Oscar  Q. 
1017  Miller,   Frederic   W. 

1016  Miller,  James  R. 

1919  Moorhead,  William  S. 
1921  Morgan,  Albert  T. 
1916  Morris,  Alvin  A. 
1914  Orr,  Charles  P. 
1914  Oabum,  Frank  O. 
1806  Patterson,  Thomas 
1921  Pettes,  Benjamin  H. 
1908  Porter,  William  D. 
1921  Powell,  Walter  O. 

1920  Redden,  J.  M. 
1911  Reed,  David  Aiken 
1911  Reed,  James  H. 
1007  Reid,  Ambroee  B. 

1014  Roberta,  George  L. 
1021  Robertson,  S.  S. 

1010  Robinson,    William   M. 

1921  Rose,  Don 
1919  Scott,  William  R. 
1921  Scully,  Arthur  ML 
1914  Scully,  'Cornelius  D. 
1921  Secrist,  William  B. 
1921  Seifert,  Wm.   A. 
1012  Seneir,  E.  H. 
1021  Shaffer,  George  Julian 
1012  Shapira,  Samuel  S. 

1011  Shaw,  George  E. 

1015  Sherriff,  John  C. 
1806  Shields,  James  M. 
1878  Shiras,  George,  Jr. 
1014  Slack,  John  C. 

1017  Small.  Edward  J. 
1010  Smith,  Edwin  W. 
lyiT  Smith,    William    Wataon 
1014  SUdtfeld,  Jowph 
1012  Stambaugli,  Uury  F. 


STATE  LIST   OF   MBMBBRS   BY    CITI] 


Pittibntll  (AUegheny) 
Oont'd 

1822  Stein,  Abraham  0. 

1916  Stensel,  George  H. 

1901  Sterrett,   Jamee  R. 

1912  Sutton,  Bobert  Woods 

1906  Swearinffen,   J.    M. 

1916  Tait.  Edgar  W. 

1918  Tait,  Edwin  E. 
1921  Teall,  Maynard  O. 
1921  Tener,  Alexander  0. 
1906  *  Thompson,  A.  M. 
1921  Tllomaon,  W.  H.  S. 
1914  Thorp,  Charles  H. 

1921  Thorpe,    Francis    Newton 

1914  Trent,  Edmund  K. 

1916  Waaaell,  Harry  B. 

1916  Watts,  Sidney  J. 

190S  Way,  William  A. 

1896  Weil,  A.  Leo 

1920  Weil,  George 

1919  Weitzel,    Albert   P. 
1911  Wendt,  John  8. 
1012  Williams,  D.  P. 
1022  Wise,  William  F. 

1021  Wolf,  Francis  A. 
1010    Wright,  Gifford  K. 

1022  Wright,  J.    Merrill 

PottatowD  (Chester) 
1918    Young,  William  P. 

PottiTllle   (Schuylkill) 

1014  Berger,  Charles  E. 

1016  Clemens,  John  W. 

1016  Farquhar,  Otto  E. 

1016  Saercher,  Daniel  W. 

1019  Koch,  Eo^coe  R. 

1W8  Moyer.  J.  W. 

1018  Roads,  George  M. 

1018  Whalen,  John  F. 

Fnnxintawney  (Jefferson) 

1918  Adams,  W.  B. 

1918  Calderwood,  John  E. 

1921  Mitchell,  Lex  N. 

1922  Morris,   Walter  B. 

JtMdlaf  (Berks) 

1918   Derr,  Qynia  G. 
1909   Bndlich,  Guatar  A. 
1916   Fisher,  J.  Wilmer 
1918  Jonas,  Geo.  M. 
1890  Jones,  Richmond  L. 
1918   Kantner,  H.  F.  , 
1918  Keppehnaa,  John  A. 
1918  Mengd,  Balph  H. 


BMdlBff  (Berk!)  OontM 

1006  Buhl,  Christian  H. 
1914  Sbomo,  William  A. 
1014    Stevens.   William  K. 

BeynoldiTllld  (Jefferson) 

1013  Dayia,  M.  M. 

1014  McCreight,  Smith  M. 
1017    McDonald,  G.  M. 


St.  ICaryi  (Elk) 
1018    Driscoll,   D.  J. 

Serantott  (Lackawanna) 

1919    Bedford,  C.  Reynolds 

1919  Bell,  James  F. 
1912    Burr,  James  E. 

1018  Comegys,  Cornelius 

1920  Connolly,  Henry  J. 
1918    Edwards,  H.  M. 

1912  Fitxgerald,  Wm.  J. 

1913  Harria,  John  M. 

1019  Harris,  Reese  U. 
1916  Hill.  Walter  L. 
1922  Houck,  W.  L. 

1914  Kelly,  John  P. 
1918    Knapp,  Henry  Aloniso 
1918    Leach,  WiU 

1918  Little,  Charles  B. 
1018  Martin,  M.  J. 

1919  Maxey,  George  W. 
1018  Nobl^  Edward  T. 
1806  Patterson,  Roewell  H. 

1018  Price,  Samuel  B. 
1918    Bymer,  Ralph  W. 

1019  Sanderson,   James   (Gard- 
ner 

1918  Sando,  M.  F. 

1918  Torrey,  James  H. 
1914  Watres,  L.  A. 

1919  Watres,  Laurence  H. 

Bbamokia    (Northumberland] 

1916    Lark,  Charles  0. 
1000    Ryon,  William  W. 

SbaroB    (Mercer) 

1017    McKay,  H.  G. 
1010    Whitla,  James  P. 

BhMUindMh  (Schuylkill) 

1919    Bell,  James  Jackson 
1010    Burke,  Martin  M. 

Somenet  (Somerset) 
1014    Berkey,  J.  A. 


AHSKICAN    BAR    A3H0CIATI0N. 


PEKHSYLVAl 

Varu    (Dalinr*) 

THiLippm  tnu 

ins    atimf,  John  H. 

Alter 

Humnou 

VariiNboro  (maUlB) 

IKl 

Godd«rd,  Leonard  H. 

IW9i 

Pa«undo,  Franclaco  O™ 

am    Artt,   0.    Wiltcr 

oabti 

a\a 

19a 

Vielifr.,    J>ni«   C. 

UU    OliRii.  John  J. 

IlvUo 

Bewt.  Jo« 

ini    HIUR,   J.   Pnnk  E. 
ins    Haldlnc,  A.  11. 

1911 

FOBM  (Ponce) 

1*14    IObBK>n.  OeoTf*  B. 

I«MW 

in7 

isai 

Oapo,  Fludara  Parra 
Marchand.   Ralarl   V. 

Walliboro  {Tio«.) 

Bursetl,  J.  B*ln<n 

Ptnt 

me 

Foventud,  JoM  A. 

L.f"Pl 

Sepulveda,  Dominco 

in» 

Loekmaa,  L.  Dnne 

Bolo.  JOM  TOUB 

ini    Bedford,  a«.r»e  B. 

181S 

Torn,  F.  Manuel 

1«»    ButklMric*.  Thomu,  Jf. 

Kutla 

lu  Jun  (San  Juan) 

1818    Ounptall,  A.  C. 

1921 

AlCken,  Tbomai  D. 

iei4    Dutlnc.  Iliamu 

Brad)-,  WilHan.  C. 

IBM 

Almiroty,  F,  G,  Prm 

in?    FleiU,  Joigph  E. 

1«l 

OroBfleld,  A»an  Srott 

Aybar,  Edo.rdo  Acui.. 

im    Crimn.  John  H. 

Delgido.  FranciKo  A. 

Bmitta,  Juan  Oinnan 

iBia  Hdier.  e.  r. 

DeWirt,   OlTde  Alton 

Benn,  Harr,  F. 

IStS    JcokiiM,  Jokn  E. 

IMT 

Plriter,  Fttderick  Charln 

in)    Shu,  Thomu  D. 

1«11 

Oibba,  A.  D. 

1821 

Coll  y  Cuchl.  Cayetau 

ins    ebrrmooa.  Pml  J. 

IMH 

Qilmofe,  Eunne  Allrn 

ino 

Darila,  Joae  U.rtinn 

ins  atatwrr,  Fiuik  p. 

Harttpin,  nwniia  L. 

De  Aldrer,  Pedro 

1MB    Turner,  Artbur  L. 

Hu^ey,  Oeorte  Roirra 

]»Si 

DcUr,  Franda  H. 

1811    Wrigbt,  Otorve  B. 

Ittt 

Insennll,  Frank  B. 

Pellu,  Leopoldo 

1821 

Jobmn,  David  OkM 

Florea.  Manuel  Benlln 

WiUlMuport  (Lrcoming) 

1821 

Kinoald,  WH1i.ni  A.,  .fr. 

1892 

Fra«r.  0.  B. 

inl    BHber,  Williim  P. 

1821 

Lawrence,  Jamc*  0, 

IBOt    Oroek»r,  ffllliam  D 

HcDotwuih,  Charles  A 

1821 

Graa,  Frandaoo  Solo 

HaleoUB,  Oeortre  A. 

1822 

Guena,  Miguel 

ins    T>ttmtT.  Wri.  RiuhII 

IMl 

Nohle,  a.  Lawrmw 

1822 

Haba,  GabriEl  De  La 

ItlT    Ednrdi.  NlchoUi  H. 

ISSl 

O'Brien.  Seldon  W. 

Hamilton.  Peter  J. 

IMS    Fredericks,  Jno.   T. 

IMt 

Ofanick,  Benjamin  fi. 

ina 

Hartiell,  Ofaarla 

IBU     Hlpplf,  Rnrj 

PFtkfni,  Eugene  A. 

Roaa,  Jama 

1822 

Irlarte,  Oeleatino,  Jr. 

ins    UcGormiclc.  Seth  T.,  Jr. 

1810 

8di™,kopf.  Sldnev  C. 

R  el  ley,  Daniel  F, 

1886    MuuoD,  0.  La  Rgp 

Mph.  Ewald  E. 

im    R«dlng,  JohD  0. 

Tenner,  Oiarla  E. 

Lopea,  Joa<iuln 

UU    RhoM,  MortlnKr  0. 

Welch.  Thomap  Cry 

1822 

ins    Sprout,  Clmoce  E. 

Wolfaon,  Julian  A. 

Loret.  Joaeph  A. 

in4    WhllFhnd.  Hirrcy  W, 

1821 

Martin.  UUea  M. 

K»r» 

Uaaaarl.  Domtngo  H. 

Manly.  Robert  Emmel 

ins 

Molina.  Hemy  Ocorge 

IMT    C«npb.ll.  Jminia  D. 

Monaerrat.  Daudan 

Moralea,  Lula  MuBD* 

York  {York! 

IKl 

Turner,  E.  0. 

102s 

1812 

Munoi.  HlcDel  A. 
Quinonaa,  Joae  Bamoa 

IMl    OlHHnir,  JiTKH  Gntiim 

BinJ 

in4    NeR.  Qnrge  K, 

isss 

1801    Nll«,  Henry  0. 

Krlmblll.  Walter  M. 

1822 

Bilre,  Itfmm.  Jr. 

ins    Roa.  H.  autent 

1822 

Sitra.  Guataro  Croado 

im    Sbervood,  Bij  P. 

ira 

Sqto,  Carlca  Fiueo 

1880    Ste«»rt.    W.    F.    B.7 

WM 

Moore,  Patrlek  Jowph 

Soto.  Juan  a 

in«    W«mer.  Ne.ln  H. 

1831 

Teaser.  J.  P. 

1912 

994 


AlCERIGAN   BAB  AS800IATI0K. 


BMttf ort  (Beftufort) 

1914  Talbird,  Thoi. 

Bennettivllld  (Marlboro) 

1917  Le  Onuide,  J.  W. 

1920  Riley,  H.  J. 
1917  Stevenflon,  W.  M. 

1917  Ttoon,  S.  S. 

OamdMi  (Kerehaw) 

1918  Wittkowaky,  L.  A. 

OkAflefton  (Oharleatoo) 

1921  Allan,  Jamea 

1917  Biftsot,  Thomaa  W. 

1918  Barnwell,  Nathaniel  B. 

1921  Buiat,  George  L. 
1806  Buiat,  Henry 
1914  E^ckxnann,  H.  L. 
1914  Ficken,  John  F. 

1907  Fits  Slmona,  W.  Huger 

1911  Frost,  Frank  R. 

1900  Hagood,  Benjamin  A. 

1922  Huger,  Alfred 
1900  Hyde,  Simeon 
1921  Legge,  Lionel  K. 
1921  Mitchell,  Julian 
1921  Bivera,  M.  Rutledge 

1918  Rutledge,  B.  H. 

1914  Smith,  Henry  A.  Middle- 
ton 

1921  Stoney,  Thomaa  P. 

1919  Whaley,  William 
1918  Wilbur,  Walter  B. 

1917  Young,  Arthur  R. 

Olieraw  (Cheaterfleld) 

1918  Caaton,  R.  T. 
1921  Prince,  O.  L. 
1914  Watto,  R.  C. 

Cheater  (Oirater) 

1919  McFadden.  f;.  E. 

1918  Marion,  Jno.  Hardin 

OolnmhU  (Richland) 

1914  Aycock,  W.  T. 

1909  Barron,  Charles  H. 

1919  Belser,  Irvine  F. 
1911  Benet,  CJhristie 
1914  Graig.  Edward  L. 

1920  Elliott,  Charlea  B. 

1921  Fowlea,  Jamea  H. 

1910  Frieraon,  Jamea  Nelson 
1921  Oibbea,  Hunter  A. 

1900  Herbert,   Robert  Beverly 

1917  Lumpkin,  AIt*  Moore 

1919  Lumpkin,  IL  O. 


■OVTR  OABOUVA 
OolnmMa    (Richland)   Cont'd 

1918  McKay,  Douglaa 

1914  Melton,  W.  D. 

1918  Montelth,.  Colin  8. 

1919  Moorman,  Robert 
1921  MuUina,  E.  W. 
1911  Nelaon.  WUUam  & 
1914  Seibela,  John  T. 

1919  Thomaa,  J.  Watiea 
1907  Thomaa,  John  P.,  Jr. 
1914  Tompkina,  F.  O. 
1914  Townaend,  W.  H. 

1918  Weaton,  Francia  H. 

1920  Wolfe,  Samuel  M. 

Oonway  (Horry) 
1917    McMillan,  Hoyt 

Darlington  (Darlington) 

1917    Dargan,  George  E. 

1921  Dargan,  Wooda 
1921    Dennia,  Edward  0. 

1921  Edwards,  George  H. 

1917  Lawaon,  L.  M. 

Dillon  (DiUon) 

1919  Gibaon,  J.  B. 

1922  Lane,  Joe  P. 

1921    Moore,  W.  Cheater 

1918  MuUer,  W.  H. 

Edgelleld  (Edgefield) 
1918    Devore,  J.  W. 

Florenoe  (Florence) 

1918    Bridgea,     William     Mar- 
ahall 

1918  Davia,  Henry  E. 

1921  Fulton,  Robert  Benjamin 

1919  Lynch,  Jamea  M. 
1919  McNeill,  J.  P. 
1914  Oliver,  E.  S. 

1921  Royall,  Samuel  Jerome 

1921  Sharkey,  R.  W. 

1921  Shipp,  S.  W.  G. 

1914  Willcox,  F.  L. 

Georgetown  (Georgetown) 
1921    Hazard,  Walter 

Greenville  (Greenville) 

1918  Ansel.  M.  F. 

1916  Oothran,  Thomaa  P. 

1911  Earle,  Wilton  H. 

1911  Haynaworth,  Henry  J. 

1914  Ricketta,  John  B. 

1910  Sirrine,  William  G. 

1921  Townea,  Henry  K. 


ftreenwood  (Qnmmooi) 

1914    Grier,  P.  Bamm 

1916  Costa,  D.  A.  G. 

Hampton  (Hampton) 
1921    Murdaugh,  Randolph 

HarttvUle  (Darlington) 
1914    Miller,  F.  A. 

Kingatree  (Williamsburg) 

1921    Hinda,  A.  C. 

1910  Lee,  LeRoy 

1920  CBryan.  J.  D. 

Lanrena  (Laurena) 

1921  Todd,  Albert  C. 

Iffanwlng  (Clarendon) 

1921    Durant,  Charlton 
1921    O'Bryan,  S.  Oliver 

Karion  (Marion) 

1918  Buck,  Henry 

1917  Johnaon,  Jamea  W. 

1911  Lide,  L.  D. 
1917  MulUna,  Henry 
1917  Wooda,  Albert  F. 
1886  Wooda,  Charlea  Albert 
1917  Woods,  M.  C. 

Xorgantown  (Fairfield) 

1917  Ervin,  William  C. 

XttUina  (Marion) 

1919  Norton,  W.  Ben 

Vowberry  (Newberq»l 

1914    Cromer,  Qto.  B. 

1918  Hunt,  L  H. 

Orangebnrf  (Orangeburg) 

1921    Moaa,  B.  H. 

1918    Rayaor,  Thomaa  M. 

Book  HIU   (York) 

1918  Cherry,  Wm.  J. 

St.  George  (Dorchester) 

1919  Utaey,  Walter  S. 

St.  Katthewa  (Chlhoun) 
1921    Mann,  M.  M. 

Saluda  (Saluda) 
1918    Ramage,  C.  J. 


STATE  LIST  OP   MEMBBKS   BY   CIT] 
BOOTH  OABOUHA-^OOTH  ] 


1M»  BlMSkwood,  In  O. 

1»U  Bomar,   Horace  Leland 

1W4  Brown,  Ben  Hill 

IMS  Oarlisie.  Howard  B. 

1M6  Daniel.  OUudiua  EraUne 

1M«  Lanham,  Samuel  Tucker 

1914  Manning,  A.  A. 

IMB  Otta.  Oomelin 

SnmmerviUe  (Doccbester) 
1911    Walker.  Legare 

Snmtor  (Sumter) 
1M4    Praaer.  T.  B. 
IWO    Lee.  John  D. 
WIS    StrauM.  I.  O. 

Unton   (Union) 
1913    Sawyer.  J.  Aahbj 

WftUuilU  (Oconee) 
1920    Earie.  J.  R. 

Wftltarboro  (OoUeton) 
1919    Moorer.  J.  M, 

Wimuboro   (Fairfield) 
1918    UcDoBald,  J.  E. 

SOUTH  OAXOTA 

Aberdera   (Brown) 
1980    Agor.  Hugh 

1919  Arnold,  Thomaa  L. 
19«1    Oampbell,   A.   W. 

1920  Oorrigan.  W.  P. 
19W  Huntington.  Frederick  O 
1916  McNultr.   Prank 
1916  Maaon.  W.  P. 
1916  Ryan,  E.  C. 
1918  Wallace.  William 
1918  WiUiamaon.   George   N 


(Doogltti) 
1981    Addie,  John  W. 
1921    Wanaer.  E.  P. 

Belle  Fonrohd  (Butte) 
19n    McOitcfaen.  Dan 
1918   Simoni^  Leonard  M. 

BenattMl  (Gi^gDiy) 
1921    (}aah,  J.  R. 

Brtdt»w»tw  (McCook) 
lim   Ibdd.  Oeorie  B. 


J921    Gardner,  Robert  D. 

BrooUngf  (Brookinga) 
1921    Alexander.  J.  p. 
1919    Hall,  Philo 
1917    Purdy,   Wallace  E. 
1921    Trygstad,  O.  O. 

Bryant  (Hamlin) 
1921    Ameson.  O.  A.  8. 

B«ff»le    (Harding) 
19a    Bennett,  W.  M. 

Bnrke  (Gregory) 
191S    Davia,  CJharlea  A. 

OentervlUe   (Turner) 
1982    Berven.  Louia 

Ohamberlala  (Brule) 
1981    Brown,   U.   A. 
1981    Slifer,  E.  R. 

01*rk  (Cnark) 
1911    Sherwood.  Chrl  G. 

Clear  Lake  (Deuel) 
1921    Knight,  Wiley  W. 

l>aUae  (Gregory) 
1914    Patterson.  E.  O. 

Deadwoed   (Lawrence) 
1921    Hayea.  Robert  0. 
1908    Rice.   WiUiam  G. 
1916    RuaBell.  John  R 


l>eU  Bapidi   (Minnehaha) 
1918    Krauae,  G.  R. 
1918    Krauae.  Homer  G. 

DeSmet  (Kingabury) 
1981    Oawford.  Don  A 
:921    Pritael,  0.  O. 
1921    Warren,  William  H. 

'>ttpwe  (Ziebach) 
1921    Nelaon.  Thomaa  R. 

Slkten  (Brookinga) 
1981    Berke,  E.  A. 

Oeddee   (Oharlea  Mix) 
1981    Beck.  Ambroae  B. 


996 


AMERICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


Pterre  (Hughes)   Cont'd 

1920    Payne,  Byron  S. 
1914    Siz}ith,  Elliaon  G. 

1918  Stephens,  Louis  L. 

Pljuiklnton  (Aurora) 

1919  F^IowB,  Donald 

Platte  (Charles  Mix) 

1920  Willy,  Roy  Earle 

Presho    (Lyman) 

1921  Wederath,  Frank  C. 

Rapid  City  (Pennington) 

1912  Buell,  Charles  J. 

1914  Denu,  Albert  R. 

1918  Fellows,   Hubbard  F. 

1922  Flavin,  George  E. 
1916  Philip,  George 

1921  Stanley,  Elton  W. 
1916    Williams,  George 

Redfleld    (Spink) 

1912    Bruell,  William  F. 

1920  Sterling,    Cloyd   D. 

'Salem  (McCook) 

1922  McCay,  C.  H. 

Scotland  (Bon  Homme) 

1921  Wifcks,  Frederick  D. 

Sionz   Fall!   (Minnehaha) 

1896  Bailey,  CJharles  O. 

1921  Barron,  Edward  D. 

1921  Bergh,  Martin 

1921'  Bielski,  R.  A. 

1916  Caldwell,  Clarence  O. 

1900  Cheny,  U.  -S.  0. 

1912  CSiristo^herson,  Chas.  A.- 

1921  Coon,' Jesse  D. 

1912  Danforth,    Geo.    J. 

1921  ^liVenport,'  Holton 

1921  Doyle,   WiHiam  T. 

1914  'Bllft>tt,  James  D. 

1918  Fairbank,  Arthur  B. 

1916  ^'ske,  Edmund  W. 

1921  Fitzpatrick,  John  Harold 

1917  Gamble,  Robert  J. 
1921  Gibbs,  Ransom  L. 
1921  GVigsby,   Sioux  K. 
1912  "Judge,  Harold  E.  ' 
1912  Kirby,   Joe     • 
1921  Lynch,  John  D. 
1921  Lyon, 'William  H. 
1921  Matthews,  BehonI  O. 

1918  Mbntt,  Oharles  J. 


SOTTTH  DAXOTAr-TBlfNSSBXE 

Slovz  Falls   (Minnehaha) 
Cont'd 

1921  Mundt,  John  0. 

1921  Peck,  Miles  E. 

1910  Porter,  William  Gove 

1921  Simons,  Blaine 

1910  Telgen,  Tore 
1806  Voorhees,  John  H. 
1921  Waggoner,  Lloyd  E. 
1921  Warren,  Fred  O. 

SlMeton    (Roberts) 

1920    Babcock,  Howard 

1920  Jorgenson,  C.  R. 

Timber   Lake    (Dewey) 

1921  Pudcr,  Cteorge  H. 
1921    Urban,  P.  O. 

▼ermilioa  (Clay) 
1906    Payne,  J.  E. 

Watertown   (Codington) 

1921  Foley,  Andy  E. 

1911  Hanten,  John  B. 
1921  Hasche,  Arthur  H. 
1921  Loucks,  Daniel  K. 
1918  Loucks.  Peny  F. 

1921  McFarland,  James  G. 
1914  Mather.  Jas.  E. 

1922  Russell,  Michael  J. 
1921  Sherin,  Arthur  L. 

Webster   (D«y) 

1920  Bicknell,  Lewis  W. 

1920  Coomes,  I.  8. 

1920  Dougherty,  P.  W. 

1920  Waddel,  W.  G. 

White  Biver   (Mellette) 

1921  Kell,  C.  E. 
1921    Manson,  C.  F. 

Winner  (Tripp) 
1921    Olmstead,  Oscar  D. 

TEHHE88EE 

Athens  (McMinn). 
1914    Jones,  Clem  J. 

Bolivar  (Hardemas)     ' 

1918    Carter,  Hugh  E. 
1910    Miller,  (Charles  A. 
1921    Miller,  Elisabeth  L. 


Bristol  (SuIUvaa) 

1910  St.  John,  Charles  J. 

Carthage  (Smith) 

1921  Fisher,  J.  N. 

Chattanooga  (Hamilton) 

1920  Allison.  N.  M. 

1917  Andenon,  James  H. 

1907  Andrews,  Champe  8. 
1920  Campbell,  Paul 

1911  Ontrell,  John  H. 
1916  Garden,  Frank  S. 
1910  Chamblias,  Alex.  W. 
1914  Caiambliss,  John  A. 
1914  (3offey,  Charles  S. 

1920  Finlay,  James  F. 
1910  Fletcher,  John  Stem 

1921  Garvin,  Walter  B. 
1910  Grayson,  D.  L. 
1920  Hyde,  John  B. 

1920  Levine,  J.  L. 

1921  Littleton,  Carlyle  S. 
1910  Uttleton,  JeseM. 
ISei  Lusk,  Charles  W. 

1920  Martin,  F.  Linton 

1921  Miller,  Burkett 

1921  Miller,  L.  D. 
1910  Miller,  W.  B. 

1922  Noone,  (yharles  A. 

1920  Roddy,  Stephen  R. 

1921  Sizer.  J.  B. 

1906  Smith,  Samuel  Bosworth 

1910  Strang,  S.  Bartrow 

1897  Swaney,  W.  R. 

1920  Thomas,  W.  G.  M. 
1910  Trimble,  James  M. 

1921  Whitaker,  Sam  B. 
1910  Williams,  Joe  Y. 

1920  Wrinkle,  John  S. 

ClarkirUle  (Montgomoy) 

1914  Fort,  Dancey 

01«v«laiid  (Bmdley) 

1908  Mayfleld,  J.  E. 

1916  Mayfleld,  P.  a 
1014  Stuart,  D.  Sullins 

Clinton  (Anderaod) 

1921  Hicks,  Xcoopbon 

ColnmMa  (Mauiy) 

1914  Holding,  Sam 

1910  Hughes,  George  T. 

1917  Smiser,  James  A. 
1017  Toner,  William  B. 


STATE   LIST   OF   MEMBERS   BY    CITl 


Oookevllle  (Putnam) 

1921    BulIinflTion,  L.  H. 
1921    Gapshaw,  E.  W. 
1921    Holladay,  O.  K. 

Oovlnrton  (Lipton) 

1921    Gwiiui,  L.  E. 

1921  Owen,  W.  L. 
1920    Owen,  William  A. 

Deofttnr  (Meigs) 
1910    Lillard,  J.  W. 

Dyenbnrff  (Dyer) 

1920    Rogera,  H.  T. 

1922  Warren,  I.  M. 
1920    Weakley,  Ewell  T. 

FayetteTiUe  (Lincoln) 

1918    Evane,  Giles  Lincoln 

1920  Holman,  B.  E. 
1020    Lamb,   W.   B.,  Jr. 

FnuiUln  (Williamson) 

1921  Courtney,  Wirt 

OaUatin  (Sumner) 
1921    Collier,  H.  S. 

OreeneriUe  (Greene) 
1921    Biddle,  J.  E. 

Harrim&n  (Roane) 

1913  Breazeale,  Samuel  A. 

1914  Caasel,  R.  B. 
1914    Harris,  D.  O. 

Henderson  (Chester) 
1921    Galbraith,  J.  I. 

Enntiiigdoii  (Carroll) 

1921    Maddox,  P.  W. 
1921    Murpby,  J.  W. 

HuatsviUe  (Scott) 

1921    Baker,  James  F. 
1921    Foster,  E.  G. 

JaokMB  (Madison) 

1920   Bond,  R.  H. 

1920  Key,  W.   N. 

1010   Newman,  Claire  B. 

1921  Piffford,  G.  E. 
1921    RoflB,  J.  W. 

1921   Rothrock,  J.  T.,  Jr. 
1920  Sprains,  R.  F. 
1914   Timberlake,  W.  G. 


TENKB8SEE 
Jefferson  Olty  (Jelferson) 

1921  Lambdin,  J.  Carl 

Jolmgon  Olty  (Washington 

1920  Cox,  Thad  A. 

1921  Miller,  Lee  F. 

Joneaboro  (Washington) 

1900  Baxter,  E.  J. 

Kinffsport  (SulUvaa) 

1918  Penn,  George  E.,  Jr. 

XnozyUle  (Knox) 

1920  Andrews,  Forrest 

1914  Baker,  Lewis  M.  G. 

1920  Beeler,  R.  H. 

1914  Bowen,  A.  T. 

1920  Brougbton,  Len  O.,  Jr. 

1917  Cate,  Horace  Nelson 
1908  Gates.  C.  T.,  Jr. 
1920  Cox,  Williston  M. 

1920  De Vault,  Walter  D. 

1921  Egerton,  M.  W. 
1920  Ely,  L.  C. 

1920  Fowler,  Harley  0. 

1910  Fowler,  James  A. 

1910  Frantz,  John  Henry 

1910  Green,  John  W. 

1920  Grimm,  A.  C. 

1021  Harrison,  C.  Raleigh 

1921  Hyman,  Harry  S. 
1914  Jones,  Robert  M. 

1918  Kennerly,   W.   T. 

1920  Lee,   William  Baxter 

1921  Long,  Mitchell 

1921  McCk>nnell,  Robert  M. 
1920  Mc(^nnell,  T.  G. 

1920  McDermott,  Malcolm  M. 

1922  Meek,  James  M. 

1921  MoDtgomery,  Frank 

1911  Moore,  Samuel  E.  N. 

1922  Neal,  John  R. 
1922  Poore,  Harry  T. 
1922  Poore,  W.  A. 
1917  Price,  J.  Harry 
1890  Sanford,  Edward  T. 

1917  Sanson,  R.  H. 

1920  Saxton,  Irvin  S. 

1921  Seymour,  Charles  M. 
1921  Simmons,  C3Tua 
1910  Smith,  Charles  H. 

1918  Smith,  L.  D. 

1920  Steinmetz,  Karl  E. 
1910  Tate,  Hugh  M. 

1921  Testerman,  Ben  n. 
1807  Van  Deventer,  Horace 
1921  Washburn,  W.  P. 


998 


AMSRIGAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


lb 

mphls  (Shelbr)  Cont'd 

lUmpliU  (Shelby)   Cont'd      | 

19» 

Pntreaa,  Frands 

1920 

Spears,  Hanj 

1099 

9lBch,  Morton  E. 

1920 

Stickley,  R.  H. 

1906 

FRahnsb,  G.  T. 

1920 

Toombs,  Fred  %, 

1919 

PitKhugh,  W.  H. 

1919 

Walker,  Samuel  P. 

1990 

Foxp  Charles  N. 

1020 

Waring,  Roane 

1920 

Freedmsn,  Jooeph  M. 

1917 

Williams,   Auvergne 

1919 

Gumawaj,  Herbert 

1910 

Wilson,  Julian  C. 

1912 

Oatea,  Eiiaa 

1917 

Winchester,  Lee 

1920 

Gilliland,  Frank 

1920 

Terger,  Campbell 

1920 

OriAn,  Marion  Bcudder 

1911 

Toong,  J.  P. 

1920 

Haid.  Erwin  0. 

1914 

Hall,  William  M. 

Morriftown  (Hamblen)         | 

1914 

Harah,  George 

1921 

DrinnoD,  James  L. 

1919 

HeiflkeU,  Lamar  L. 

1920 

Hidcey,  Rufw  M. 

1920 

Holmea,  J.  B. 

1920 

Hickey,  W.  N. 

1908 

Haghea,  AUen 

1921 

Taylor,  &.  R. 

1980 

Hugfaea,  Wigfatman 

1920 

Keebler,  Robt.  8. 

MnrfrMsboro    (Rntherlord)     | 

1920 

Ketchum,  M.  C. 

«  ^^m^m 

Mwa                wa        « 

191S 

Richardson,  James  D. 

\Kl 

King,  Earl 

1919 
1917 

King,  R.  B. 
Klewer,  Edward  B. 

MuhTlUe  (Davidson) 

1920 

Leaser*  M.  E. 

1921 

Acklen,  Joseph  H. 

1920 

LiTingston,  H.  J. 

1920 

Adams,  Morton  B. 

1920 

Loch,  Jno.  W. 

1917 

Anderson,  A.  B. 

1920 

McCadden,  J.  E. 

1914 

Anderson,  J.  M. 

1920 

McCormick,  Orover 

1920 

Armistead,  George  H., 

1907 

McDonald.  Will  T. 

Jr. 

1921 

McDonald,  WiilUm  Percy 

1917 

Aust,  John  R. 

1912 

McDowell,  James  R. 

1915 

Bachman,  Nathan  L. 

1920 

McGehee,  M.  S. 

1910 

Bass,  Frank  M. 

1917 

McKa7,  Clinton  H. 

1918 

Beasley,  James  S. 

1919 

McRee^  J.  L. 

1916 

Berry,  Frank  A. 

1919 

MoRpadden.  0.  J. 

1906 

Boyd,  C.  T. 

1914 

Martin,  John  D. 

1917 

Brown,  John  0. 

1920 

Matthews,  Benjamin  L. 

1906 

Cain,  Stith.  M. 

190* 

Metcalf,  Charles  W. 

1889 

Campbell,  Lemuel  R. 

1919 

Metcalf,  WiUUm  P. 

1916 

Campen,  liarvin 

1911 

Miles,  LoTick  P. 

1919 

Cato,  Baxter 

1910 

Minor,  H.  Dent 

1917 

Oohn,  Nathan 

1919 

Moore,  Robert  J. 

1913 

Colton,  Henry  E. 

1920 

Murrah.  W.  F. 

1912 

Crouch,  Larkin  E. 

1917 

Peres.  Israel  H. 

1916 

De  Bow,  J.  D.  B. 

1920 

Poston,  John  H. 

1914 

Dewitt,  John  H. 

1920 

Poryear,  David 

1918 

Dews,  Richard  P. 

1920 

Randolph,  George 

1918 

Douglas,  Lee 

1910 

Randolph,  WaaseU 

1920 

Edwards,  J.  C. 

1910 

Rankin,  Charles  W. 

1920 

Ewing,  A.  G.,  Jr. 

1920 

Riddick,  Bdward  0. 

1920 

Ewing,  William  Howard 

1920 

Riley,  Albert  G. 

1910 

Cranberry,  William  L. 

1921 

Rose,  Milton  B. 

1918 

Green,  Grafton 

1920 

Rosenfleld,  W.  B. 

1917 

Hall,  Pitagerald 

1920 

Soott,  Harold  H. 

1910 

Handly,  Avery 

1020 

flhafer,  A.  B. 

1917 

Uarwood,  Samuel  N. 

190B 

Bivley,  Clarence  U 

1916 

Higgins,  Joseph  C. 

1910 

Smith,  Gilmer  P. 

1918 

Jackson,  Robt.  F. 

ua 

Rohm,  Alfred 

1906 

Keeble,  John  BeU 

Vm]iy111«   (DavidaoB)    Cont'd 

1914  Lansden.  D.  L. 

1910  Lea,  Luke 

1017  Leftwich,  Louis 
1918  Luck,  Harry  A. 
1918  McAlister.  W.  K. 
1918  Mc(3am,  Jeff 

1918  McClure,  James  W. 
1920  MacPeebles,  J. 
1907  Maddin,  Percy  D. 
1910  Malone,  Thomas  H. 

1913  Manier,  Will  R.,  Jr. 

1018  Marr,  W.  B. 

1017  Moore,  J.  Washington 

1022  Neil,   A.   B. 

1017  NorvcU,  WillUm  E..  Jr. 

1012  O'Connor,   Myles   Power* 

1017  Palmer,  H.  E. 
1010  Pitts,  John  A. 
1016  Price,  Edwin  A. 
1020  Ready,  Fk^nk  J. 
1020  Reynolds,  J.  L. 
1010  Rust,  Uttell 
1022  Rutherford,   A.  G. 
1010  8e«y,  Edward  T. 
1010  Shriver,  B.  D. 
1020  Sims,  Cecil 

1018  Smith,  Edward  J. 
1006  Smith,  Henry  E. 
1006  Smith,  Robert  T. 

1914  Steger,   WillUro  E. 
1006  Stokes,   Jordan 

1013  Stokes,   Jordan,  Jr. 
1020  Swiggart,  W.  H..  Jr. 
1892  Tillman,  A.  M. 

1012  Triabue,  Cfharles  C. 

1020  Turck,  Charles  J. 

1910  Tureey,  Jno.  E. 

1910  l^ne,  Thomas  J. 

1910  Yaughn,   Robert 

1880  Vertrecs,  J.  J. 

1920  Walker,  Seth  M. 

1919  Walah,  E.  J. 

1916  Waahingtoil,  W.  H. 

1917  Watkins,   Thomas  O. 
1914  Wilson,  8.  F. 

Mewport  (Cocke) 

1921  MoSween,  W.  D. 
1921  Mims,  W.  O. 

Portland  (Sumnev) 

1020  McKinney,  W.  L. 

PuImU  (Giles) 

1020  Wade,  Frank 


STATE  LIST  OF   MEMBEBS   BY   CITIES 


k>nt'd 


1. 

t. 

ii 

Jf. 
.1..  *• 

■*c 
ij. 
i 
J. 

rt 
D. 

f.t 


Bos«rsTllle  (Hawktoa) 
19Z1    Hale.  W.   B. 
1P14    ThompBon,  J.  A. 

Bavannali  (Hardin) 

1020  Roes,  E.  W. 

SomerriUe  (Fayette) 

1021  Mayo,  J.  IX 
\9ZL     Mayo.  W.  M. 
IMS     Stainback,  Oharlea  A. 

Sprinfileld  (Robertaon) 
1020     Gamer,  John  E. 

Trenton   (Oibaon) 
1920    Elder,  Hany  H. 
1920     Herron,  W.  W. 
1910     Neil,  M.  M. 

1920  Taylor,    Hillaman 

'WJUPtburg  (Morgan) 

1921  Davis,  John  M. 

Watartown  (Wilson) 

1920  Smith,  J.   R. 

Waverly  (Humphreys) 

1921  Garter,  Roy 

Woodbury  (Cannon) 
1921    Davenport,  Jesse 

TEXAS 

Abilene   (Taylor) 
1918    Jackson,  W.  O. 

Amarillo    (Potter) 

1022  Boyce,   William 

1918  Guleke,  J.  O. 

1920  Miller,  E.   T. 

1920  Pearson,   Peny  8. 

1921  Pipkin,   H.  0. 

1921  Reeder,  O.  B.,  Jr, 
19SZ  Rjbum,  F.   M. 
1920  Stone,  Bea  H. 

1922  Underwoo«l,  p.  r. 

Autin  (Travis) 

1918  Cureton,  C.  M. 

1914  Doom,  D.  H. 

1918  Fleet,  Franc 

1917  Fisher,  Samuel  W. 

1917  Graves,  Ireland 

1920  Greenwood,  Thomas  B. 

1922  Lewis,  Bertha  Wallace 

U06  McOlendon,  James  W. 

33 


TEKNESSEE— TEXAS 
Austin    (Travis)    Cont'd 

1918    Peeler,  J.  L. 

1914    Potts,  0.  8.  • 

1914    Rector,  N.  A. 

1922    Savage,   Maiy   Wallace 

1922    Shurtcr,  Edwin  D. 

1909    Townea,  John  O. 

B&ritow  (Ward) 
1922    Holt,  Birffe 

Bay  City  (MaUgorda)    • 
1917    Styles,  Samuel  J. 

Beaumont    (Jefferson) 
1914    Anderson,  Geo.  D. 
1914    Baten,  Thos.  J^    * 
3919    CJarroll,   Y.   D. 
1914    Chilton,  Geo. 
1914    Oonley,  John  M. 

1911  CJrook.  W.  M. 

1912  (Gordon,   W.  D. 

1913  Lipscomb,  A.  D. 

1914  Lord,  O.  A. 
1919    McCall,  John  D. 

1913  Minor,  Farrell  D. 
1919  Smith,  Stuart  R. 

1914  Sonfleld,  Leon 
1912  Todd,   Oliver  J. 

BeeviUe   (Bee) 
1921    Beaaley,  John  R. 
1921    Cox,  Thomas  M. 
1918    Dougherty,  J.   R. 

Bonham  (Fannin) 
1918    Evans,  H.  G. 

Brady  (MeCulloh)i 
1921    Hughes,  S.  W. 
1921    McCoIlum,  Sam 
1913    Newman,   F.   M. 

Breokenridge  (Stephens) 
1919    Haworth,  F.  L. 
1918    Wilson,  George  T. 

Brenbam  (Washington) 
1904    Searcy.  Wm.  W. 

BrownsviUe  (CSameron) 
1921    Danoy,  Qacar  0. 
1918    Seabuiy,  F.  W. 

Brownwood  (Brown) 
I    1922    Harrison.  O.  N. 


1000 


AMERICAN   BAR  ASSOCIATION. 


DaUM  (Dallas)  Cont'd 

1921  Enrliah,  C.  C. 
1018  Etberldge,   Francla 

Marion 

1914  Francis,  W.  R. 

1912  Frank,  David  A. 

1919  Frank,  J.  D. 
1918  French,  Preston  0. 

1913  Germany,  Julius  A. 

1922  Gilbert,  Joseph  E. 
1922  Greenwood,  Charles  F. 

1915  Hamilton,  Dexter 

1917  Hamilton,  William  B. 

1921  Hardy,  R.  D. 

1922  Harris,  John  0. 
1922  Henry,  W.  T. 

1916  Huff,  Charles  O. 

1918  Hunt,  G.   D. 
1915  Lawther,  Harry  P. 
1918  Locke,  Eugene  P. 
1|14  Love,  Thomas  B. 
Ira)  Lowrey,  Fred  V. 

1909  McCormick,  Jos.   Ifanson 

1921  llcOuIlougrh,  Tbm  L. 

1914  McKnight,  A.  H. 
1914  Meek,  Edward  R. 

1922  Muse,  E.  B. 
1922  O'Day,  Paul  M. 
1918  Patton,  James  C- 
1902  Phillips,  Nelson 

1920  Plowman,  M.  M. 
1912  Read,  Cloyd  H. 

1920  Riddee,  Georfre  W 
1918  Robertson,  William  F. 
1912  Saner,  John  C. 

1904  Saner,  Robert  E.  Lee 

1921  Seay,  W.  F. 

1918  Synnott,  J.  H. 
1921  Turner,  Ofaarlet  D. 

1917  Weisberg,  Alex.  F. 

1919  WoEencraft,  Frank  W. 
1014  Wright,  George  S. 


D«l  Elo  (Valverde) 

1021 

Boggeas,  W.   F, 

1081 

Foster,  Phil  B. 

19S1 

Jonea,  Joseph 

1921 

Jones,  Walter  F. 

1021 

La  Oroes,  Julian 

1015 

Smith,  Lamar 

DeniioB  (Grayson) 
1021    Smith,  B.  S. 

XI  PaiA  (Bl  Paso) 

1918    Brown,  Volney  M. 
1001    Barges,  H^Iiam  H. 
ion    Oroom.  O.  W. 


El  Pmo  (El  Paso)  CJonfd 

1906  Dyer,  John  L. 

1922  Ooen,'  C.  S. 

1922  Hardie,  Thornton 

1914  Holliday,  Robert  L. 

1921  Jones,   Gowan 

1913  Quaid,   John  E. 

1922  Smith,    William    Robert 

1914  Tumey,  W.  W. 

Fort  Worth   (Tjrrant) 

1913 '  Alexander,  D.  M. 

1916  Barwiae,  J.  H.,  Jr. 
1922    Cooke,  Clay 

1918  Dedmon,    Perry  O. 
1914    Garrett,  H.  S. 

1917  Le^  Charles  K. 

1919  Nolan,  James  E. 
1016    Paddock,  W.  B. 
1900    Samuels,  Sidney  L. 

1917  Shoemaker,  Frank  C. 
1922    Smith,  W.  D. 

1921    Taylor,   R.   E.  . 

Galveston  (Galveston) 

1914  Holbrook,  T.  J. 

1914  Lockhart,  William  B. 

1919  Neethe,  John 

1919  Royston,  M.  H. 

1012  Stewart,  Maco 

1881  Street,  Robert  G. 

1900  Terry,  J.  W. 

1919  Williams,  Biyan  F. 

1913  Williams,   F.    A. 

Oatesville  (CoryeU) 
1921    Mears,  F.  R. 

^  Oiddiofs  (Lee) 

1918  Bowers,  Wm.  O. 

Groonville  (Hunt) 

1914  Carpenter,  Harry  Lee 

Hallettaville  (Lavaca) 

1920  Fertsch,  Charles 

Samiiten  (Travis) 

1921  Eidson,  Arthur  R. 

HonrletU  (Clay) 

1916    Dickey,  Joseph  S.,  Jr. 
1921    Parriah,  Ludan  W. 

HllUboro  (Hill) 
1018    Wear,  W.  O. 


Houston  (Harris) 

1014    Andrews,  Frank 

1011  Baker,  James  A. 
1014    Bryan,  Lewis  R. 

1014  Dannenbaum,  Henry  J. 

1914  Ewing,  Presley  E. 

1922  Fountain,  Edmum?  Jones, 

Jr. 

1912  Greer,  D.  Edward 

1020  Hill,  Ckorge  A.,  Jr. 
1014  Huggins,  W.  O. 

1006    Hume,  F.  Charles,  Jr. 
1018    Hunt,  W.   S. 

1012  Jones,  Frank  Cameron 
1914    Logue,   John  Gibson 
1016    Louis,    Benjamin   Frank- 
lin 

1014  Morris,  Ned  B. 
1009    Pollard,  Claude 
1912    Proctor,  Frederick  O. 

1921  Smith,  E.  F. 

1922  Strectman,  Sam 
1912  Taub,  (Hto 
1914  Townes,  E.  E. 

1917  Townes,  John  C,  Jr. 

1015  Vinson,    Wm.    A. 
1922    Werlein,    Ewing 

1918  Wolters,  Jacob  F. 

Jefferson  (ifarlon) 

1921    BeneAeld,  J..H. 

1021  Rowell,  T.  D. 

Blames  City  (Kamea) 

1015  Bell,  a  L. 

Laredo  (Webb) 
1021    Smith,  Aaher  R. 

Littlofleld  (Lamb) 

1014  Collins*  Edgar  O. 

Llano  (Uano) 
1018    McLean,  J.  H. 

Loagview  (Gregg) 

1018    Bramlette.  E.  M. 

1016  Young,  Ras 

Lnflda  (AngeUaa) 

1015  Minton,  R.  B. 

Xarlla  (Falls) 
1028    Connolly,  Tom 

Merldlaa  (Bosque) 

1918   Ouoreton.  H.  J. 
1918    BobertaoB.  James  M 


STATE  LIST  Ot  HeMBEBS  BT  CI: 


let  Plmnant  (Titus) 
IfilS    Burford,  J.  M. 

Pftlegtine  (Anderson) 
•     <    1W«    Greenwood,  Albert  O. 

W>*w  (Hidalgo) 
1W8    Polk,  L.  J.,  Jr. 

Port  Arthur  (Jefferson) 
itaS    Orosby,  Samuel  H 
1W0    Wistner.  Vernon  J. 

Blohmond  (Fort  Bend) 
1M4    Peareson,  D.  R. 

Bockdale  (Ilyler) 
1921    Qimp.  E.  A. 

Bockport  (Arsneas) 
1921    Baldwin,   W.   H. 
IWl    Gibson,  Gordon 
1«21    Steven^  E.  A. 

Bosenberff  (Fort  Bend) 
1921    Ohemosky,  O.  H. 

Ban  Aaffelo  (Tom  Green) 
1W4    Hill,  J.  p. 
ms    Wright,  W.  A. 

Ban  Antonio  (Bexar) 
W22    Aubrey,  William 

1917  Boyle,  R  j. 
190*    Csrter,  H.  O. 

1918  Chamben,  O.  M 
1922    Dowdell,  Graham 
1912    Franklin,  Tboe.  H 
IWX    Hicks,  Yale 
I91S    Huntress,   George   W 
1918    lngr,u„,  R.  p/     '*^- 

1920  Johnson,  CSarl  Wright 

1921  Robertson,  Hugh  R 
1M4  Rogers,  Harry  H. 
1914  Teagarden,  Bruce  W 

1922  Terrell,  Dick  O. 
1922  Woodhull,  Forest 

B«tiiin   (Guadclupe) 
1918    Dibrell,  J.  B. 

Blierman   (GraysoD) 
1*9    Dillard.  F.  C. 
1^    Randeil,   Andiew  L. 
1922    Randell,  O.  B 
1918   Smith,  OecU  H 


B««*r  £«nd  (Fort  Ben 
1921    Waugh,  Andrew  M. 

Sweetwater  (Nohm) 
1920    Spfller,  James  L. 

Temple  (Bell) 
1922    Hall,  Thomss  O. 

Tezarkana  (Bowie) 
1912    Burford,  Albert  Lee 
1912    Estes,   W.   L. 
1920    King.  John  J. 
1912    Rodgers,    Rollin   W. 

Tttllia  (Swisher) 
1918    Zimmerman,   Dennis 

Vlotortu  (Victoria) 
1917    Proctor,  Venable  R. 

Waco  (McLennan) 

1921    Boynton,  (%arle«  A. 

1921    Bryan.    Alva 

1921    (iinon.   Edward  Oarv 

1918    Clayton,  8.  H. 

1921    CJocke,  J.  Walter 
1921    Johnston,     Albert    Cal 

well 
1918    Jordai).  Harry  P 
1910    Sanford,  Allan  D. 
1917    Spell.   W.   E. 
1917    Stribling.  Oscar  L. 
1921    Terrell,  William  Ervln 
1912    Williamson.  James  D. 

Wichita  Falli  (Wichita) 
1916    Bonner,  William  N. 

1921  Boone.  Thomas  R 
1918    Britain,  A.   H 
1918    Bulllngton,  OrviUe 

1922  Carrigan,   A.   H. 
1917  McDonald.   Charles  C 
1917  Martin,  P.  a. 
1922  Swanson,  F.  Q 
1921  Weeks,  William  Prederi< 

VTAH 

Bingham  Oanyon  (Salt  Uke) 
1»22    Cole.  Arthur  C, 

Brigham  (Boxelder) 
1«6    OsU,  Justin  D. 


'  Bphraim  (Sanpete) 
M»   Jensen,  A.  W. 


AUEBICAN    BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


Salt 

I«ki  City  (Wl  UlK) 

Salt  Laka   Oltr   (Ball  Uke) 

Obaliaa  (Oruce) 

Cont'd 

Cont'd 

IBtl    Wlkoo,  SUnler  O- 

Clnff,  L.  BEEfrtHD 

mi    Witoon,  Hahlon  E. 

1K3 

ODrfin.li,  E.  E. 

ISIS    Wolfe,  Jamea  H. 

TmrMiat  (Addiaon) 

Orttohlow,  Oeorge  A. 

ISBS    Swltt,  diaile*  M. 

On«,   Benjamin  S. 

TtH>ala  City  (Tooele) 

asa 

Fmbiui.  H.rold  P. 

Kardwlok    (Caledonia) 

leu 

IBIS    Dutton,    Walter  A. 

WIS 

GiBlln.  Pnnk  i. 

▼•raal  (Uinta) 
IRtl    O-Donnelt,  Thomaa  W. 

IBIB   Taylor.  WllUaui  B. 
Ludlow  CWlndaor) 

1S» 

Holman,  Pnak  K. 

TZailONT 

IBII    Barjent.  John  0. 

IMS 

Hoppiugh,  A.  L. 

ma 

Hontll,  B.  K. 
Uxrr,  Wllltam  H. 

IBIS    Gordon,  John  W. 
1918   Jackaon,  8.  HolUattr 

IBM    Oriffith.  Edward 

1816 

L«.  Eddy  0. 
HcBnwm,   EUlph  A. 

ButDD  (Orleant) 

XlUIabary  (Addi»n) 
in*   Button.  Charie.  I. 

IBll    nils,  WIUlTd  W. 

IBZI 

UcOuntD,  Edwinl 

IBIS    ni0Dii»n.  Fr«ik  D. 

Hontpaltar  (W.ahinron) 

IB13    DeBTltt,  Edward  H. 

1B16 

Uiclftllin.   Herbert  R. 

Ballowi  ralla  (Windham) 

IBIT    aieawn,  Fred  E. 

Harahill,  Jobn  A. 

ISIS    Crahuu,  Warner  A. 

IBIS    Mow  land,  Fred  A. 

IKS 

Uirllneiu.  I^imn  Rojll, 

Jr. 

BaBDlnrton  (Brnninrton) 

Hoore,   Renry  1. 

IBIS    Batchelder,  Jamei  K. 

1»13    Walnpn,  John  H. 

Morcin,  Hicbolu  0. 

IBIS    Hetlf,    Robert  K. 

1B21    Wllicoi.  Julliia  A. 

ira 

Uu«er.  Burton 

IBll    Youn«.  Oeorte  B. 

IMS 

Nlbler.  Joel 

Brandon  (Rutland) 

Pamoiu.  0.  0. 

IBil    Buttles,  John  S. 

KOTTllTlU*    (LunoiUe) 

PlKhel,  W. 

1916 

Str.   Winiim  W. 

Brattlabwo  (Windham) 

i.ns 

Rich,  BcDlemln  L. 
Richard^  Frank  Sri  la 
Richu^  Franklin  S. 

lB2t    Bartwr,  Frank  E. 

IBIO    Barber.    Herbert  Ooodell 

Bawfort  (Orleana) 
IBSI    Famam,  ARiert  W. 
IBIS    Orout.  Atron  H. 
IBIS    Redmond,  Jo^n  W. 

mt 

Ricliardi,  Stephen   L. 

Rolapp.  Henry  11. 

IBM    Harrej-.  John  N. 

isu 

RTdalcb,  Wm.  Edward 
Sanger,   Ablal  B,.  Jr. 

IBM    Maurice,  kelville  P. 

Varthflald  (Wiihlnctao) 

Schulder,  BuBKll  0. 

IBIS    Whilom.  Harold  E. 

IMS    Plumlcy,  Flank  ■ 

IM> 

Senior,  Edwin  W. 
Sblelda.  Du.  B. 

BBTUncton    (Chittenden) 

ms 

Skeen,  Dartd  Allred 

IflE    Auitln.  Warren  R. 

im    EdgsrtOT.  Edward  H. 

im 

Skeen,  Jedediah  D. 

IBIS    Bailv,  Gu7  W. 

Srafth,  Oeor^  H. 

lOlB    Black,   Charlta  F. 

Kntlaad  (Rutland) 

IMS 

Snrder,  Wilaon  I. 

IBll    Cdj,  Daniel  h. 

1907    Butler.  Fred.  U. 

IMl 

Btepbena.  Harold  H. 

lOlB    Cowlea,  CTarenee  P. 

\m    Fenton,  Walts  B. 

Stewart,  Barnard  Joeepb 

IBIS    Enrlght.  John  J. 

IKl    Jonea.  Joaeph  C 

Btawart.  Samuel  W. 

1B12    Hopklna,  Theodore  K. 

IB21    Jonea,  Lawnncc  Clark 

1B13 

SloiT,  William.  Jr. 

IBlt    Uoulton.  Sherman  R. 

leii 

■nioiii|»oo,  John  WalMtt 

ma    Monrer,  Edtonnd  C. 

1921     Leamy,  Jamta  P. 

Thurman,  Samuel   R. 

IBIS    Peck,  Hamilton  S. 

IBIS    Vcldou,  Patrick  M. 

Vui  Oolt,  Rar 

IBIS     Robert!.   Robert 

1BE1    Novak.  Cbaria  E. 

Vaa  Oott.  Waldemar 

IBIS    8h.w,   Henry  Bigelow 

IBSl    Stafford.  Bert  U 

IBIS 

Waldo,  H.  R. 

IBtO    Sherman.  Alfred  L. 

IBll    Sttckoey,  Willlan  B. 

IMO 

Weber,  A.  J. 

ISST    Talt,  Elihu  B. 

IMl    Webtier,  Hamllt  C. 

wmiuna.  P.  L. 

1B21    VOm,  Martin  S. 

IBM    Wing,  Leonard  P. 

STATB  LIST  OF  MJEMBEBS  BY   CI*: 


at  Albftot  (FranUin) 
IMS    Austin,  Ohauncey  Q. 
1M2    Hogan,  George  Iff. 
1M»    McFeetefs,  WilUam  R. 
1»13    P^t.  Nathan  N. 
1W8    Smith,  Edward  O. 
IWl    Wataon,  Oharltt  D. 

Bt  Johnsbiirr  (CSaledonia) 
IWO    Conant,  David  8. 
1W8    Searlea.  J.  Rolf 
MW    Shields.  Ohartea  A. 
m4    Slack,  Leighton  P. 

Bpringfleld  (Windsor) 
1W8    Blanchard,  Herbert  H. 

Swanton  (Franklin) 
1913    FUrroan,  Daniel  O. 

▼eryennes  (Addison) 
1M3    Flih.  Prank  L. 

White  Biv«r  Jnnotlon 
(Windsor) 
ltt4    Stevens,   Roland  E.    V 

Aooomao  (Accom&e) 
1OT9    Doughty,  Oeorge  L.,  Jr. 
1M4    Qunter,  B.  T. 

Alexandria  (Alexandria) 
1914    Boothe,  Gardner  L. 
1021    Oarlin,   C.   C. 
1900    Caton,  James  R. 
1821    Oaton,     James    Randall. 

Jr. 
1921    Gamer,  H.  Noel 
1921    Nicol,  O.  E. 
1914    Norton,  J.  K.  M. 
1821    Smith,   Charles   Henry 

1921  Washington,    Richard   B. 

Amhertt  (Amherst) 

1922  Allen,  William  Kinckle 

Appalachla  (Wise) 
1921    Morton,    Oeorge 
1921    Parker,  Robert  R. 

Bedford  (Bedford) 
1917   Lowry,  Landon 

BerryvUle  (Clark) 
19n   Smith.  R.  S.  B. 


▼EBXOVT— VZBOIV: 
Big  Stone  Ctep  (Wi« 
1»1«    Irvine,  R.  T. 

Bristol  (Washington} 
1914    KeUy,  Joseph  L. 

CbarlotteariUe  (Albemai 
1922  Duke,  R.  T.  W.,  Jr. 
1910  Llle,  William  Minor 
1922    Walsh,  Homan  W. 

Chatham  (Pitt^ivania  l 
1921    McCormick,  Cutler  C . 

ChrlBtlanibiirg  (Montgom  i 
1921    Ellett,  Guy  P. 
1921    Phlegar,  Hunter  J. 
1921    Roop,  R.  I. 

Orewe  (Nottoway) 
1921    Lee,   Henry  E. 

Culpeper  (Culpeper) 
1921    Biekers,   R,   A. 

DaariUe  (Pittsylvania) 
1921    Carter,  John  W.,  Jr. 
1921    Wooding.  Harry,  Jr. 

Eaetvllle  (Northampton; 
1913    Mears,  Otho  F. 

Fairfax  (Fairfax) 
1913  Keith,  Thomas  R. 
1918    Moore,  R.  Walton 

Flaoastle  (Botetourt) 
1921    Lunsford,  C.  M. 
1921    Reid,  Henry  S.* 

Floyd  (Floyd) 
1921    Howard,  B.  O. 

Fredericksburg  (Spotsylvan    i 
1914    Wallace.  A.  W. 

Front  Boyal  (Warren) 
1921    Weaver,  Aubrey  O. 

Oate  City  (Scott) 
1921    Bond,  S.  H. 

1921  Cox,   Wright 

OloQoester  (Gloucester) 

1922  Gary,  Oeorge  £. 

*t*«Pton  (Elizabeth  City) 
I   1818    W^yxQoatb,  John 


STATE  LIST  OP  MEMBBSS  BY   CIT 


*••"<*•    (Roanoke)    Cbnt'd 
•    1022    Spiller,  Robert  K. 
IMl    Welborn,  W.  L. 
IWl    Wingfleld.  Ousttvua  A. 
1921    WoodJrun.  Clifton  A. 

Booknnoiuit  (Franklin) 

1921  Davlg,  Beverly  A. 
1821    Dillard,   Herbert  Naah 

Sftlem  (Roanoke) 

1922  Keitter,  T.  L. 
1921    Logan,  Joseph  D. 

1921  Saul.  J.  P.,  Jr. 

Sperryyille  (Rappahannock) 
1918    Fletcher,  Wm.  Meade 

Btaanton  (Augusta) 

1922  Alexander,  John  A. 
1921    Crosby,  Floridia  Stott 
J  921    Curry.  Charles 

1920  Curry,  Duncan 

1921  East,  Charles  M. 
1918  Gordon,  Armistead  O. 
1921  Kerr,  Hugh  H. 
1921  Perry,  J.  M. 

Suffolk  (Nanaexnond) 
1906    Corbitt,  James  H. 
1919    Lewis,  H.  Stuart 
1896    Prentia,  Robert  B. 

Suriy  (Surry) 
1921    Shewmake,  Oscar  L. 

Taaewell  (Taeewell) 

1921  Graham,  Samuel  Cecil 

1922  Barman,  James  W. 

Unlvergity  (Albemarle) 
1922  Eager,  George  B.,  Jr. 
1901    Minor,  Raleigh  C. 

YlctOrUl  (Lunenburg) 
1921    Allen.  George  Edward 
1918   Tumbull,  N.  a,  Jr. 

Vlenni.  (Fairfax) 
1914    Echols,  John  Wamock 

Wann  Bpringi  (Bath) 
1918    McAllister,  William  M. 

Warrenton   (Fauquier) 

1922    Glasscock*  B.  Richards 
1913    Mclntyre,  R.  A. 


VIBMHIA— WABHnroi 

Waverly  (Sussex) 
1921    West,  Jese  F. 

« 

.Weft  Falls  Ohnroh  (Fairt 

1918    Worthington,    A.     Sa 
ders  P. 

West  Point  (Fayette) 
1921    Lewis,  Herbert  L 

WillUmsbiirg  (James  Cit; 

1921  Dovell,  Ashton 

1920  Hall,  Chanm'ng  M. 
1910   Henley,  Norvell  L. 

1922  Peachy,  Bathurst  D. 

Wlnohester  (Frederick) 

1921  Barton,  Robert  T. 
1916    Harrison,  T.  W. 
1921    Ward,  Robert  Marion 
1921    Williams,  R.  Gray 

Wise  (Wise) 
1914    Vicars,  0.  M. 

Wythevlllo  (Wythe) 

1921  Campbell,  Stuart  B 
1913    Kegley,  W.  B. 

WA89Iir0T0V 

Aberdoon  (Grays  Harbor) 

1922  Bruener,  Theodore  B. 

BoUlngham  (Whatcom) 
1908    Hadley,  A.  M. 
1908    Howard,  Clinton  W. 

Ole  Elvm  (Kittitas) 
1922    Caniield,  George  E 
1922    Hoeffler,  J.  N. 

Colfax  (Whitman) 

1922  Ettinger,  U.   L. 

1922  LaFollette,  W.  L.,  Jr. 

1919  McCann,  Le  Roy  * 

1907  McCroekey,   R.   L. 

1911  Miller,  Fred 

1916  Stotler,  F.  L. 

Oolvillo  (Stevens) 
1922    Noble,  Osee  W. 

Davonport  (Lincoln) 
I  1918    McOaUum.  J.  D. 


STATE   LIST   OF  MEMBERS  BY   CI 


Spokane  (Spokane)  Cont'd 

1922  Cannon,  John  If. 

1922  Clarke,  W.  W. 

1022  Coll»urn,  A.  O. 

1911  Danson,  R.  J. 

1919  Devia,  Arthur  W. 

1922  Du  Boia,   FVank  V. 

1922  Duggan,  Fred  S. 

1906  Edge,  Lester  P. 

1922  Edmiston,  Robert  L. 

1915  Ferria,  G.  M. 
1922  Gandy,  Lloyd  E. 
1906  Qarrecht,  F.  A. 
1922  Garvin,  H.  Sylvester 
1906  Graves,  Will  G. 

1919  Hamblen,  Laurence  R. 
1906  Huneke,  William  A. 

1916  Jeaseph,  M.  E. 
1922  Jones,  Caleb 
1922  Kerr,  Mark  P. 
1922  Kimball,  Parker  W. 
1922  King,  John 

1922  Kinsel,  Harry  O. 

1922  Kizer,  B.   H. 

1922  Langford,  F.  E. 

1922  Lantc,  George  D. 

1922  Leavy,  Charles  H. 

1022  Lindsley,  Joseph  B. 

1021  McCarthy,  Joseph 
1922  McWilliams.   H.   L. 
1922  Maloy,  C.  E. 

1918  Monten,  William  A. 

1906  Kiixum,  Richard  W. 
1922  0*Conner,    Charles    A. 
1922  Pearson,  John  V. 

1920  Plummer,  W.  H. 

1907  Post,  Frank  T. 

1022  Randall,  Claude  D. 
1922  Roaslo^,  Joseph 
1922  Ruraell,  Antone  E. 
1922  Shaefer,  George  W. 
1914  Shine,  P.  G. 

1922  Swan,  Charles  E. 

1904  Turner,  George 

1906  Voorhees,  Reese  II. 

19M  Wakefield,  Wm.  J.  O. 

1922  Webster,  R.  M. 

1922  Williams,  Fred  M. 

1906  Williams,  James  A. 

1015  Witherspoon,  A.  W. 

Spmgue  (Lincoln) 

1916  Weaver,  Samuel  P. 

Swmyiido  (Yakima) 

1922  Boose,  Oscar  L. 

1921  ChafTee,  Stephen  E. 


WASHnrOTOV— W£8T  rt 

Taooma  (Pierce) 

1906  Ashton,  James  M. 

1914  Bates,  Charles  O.' 

1919  Benton,  A.  Judson 

1922  Bermeister,  A.  O. 

1922  Crowl,  B.  A. 

1906  Cushman,  E.  E. 

1914  Ellis,  Overton  O. 

1922  Gaglisrdi,  S.  A 

1922  Gallagher,  John  E. 

1922  Garretson,  Hiram  F. 

1922  Gordon,  J.  H. 

1906  Griggs,  Herbert  S. 

1922  Harmon,  U.  E. 

1914  Hayden,  Elmer  M. 

1922  Langhome,  Maurice  A 

1922  Lee,  William  R. 

1908  Lueders,  Henry  W. 

1922  Lund,  R.  H. 

1922  McCormick,  W.  L. 

1908  McMillan,  Raymond  J. 
1922  Muscek,  Louis  J. 
1922  Nichols,  J.  W.  A. 
1922  Oakley,  F.  D. 
1922  Orr,  John  E. 
1922  'Peterson,  (Carles* 

1909  Reid,  George  T. 
1922  Remington,   Arthur 
1922  Rowland,  Dix  H. 
1922  Sullivan,  P.  C. 
1922  Titlow,  A.  R. 

Toppenlth  (Yakima) 

1922  Bonatead,  D.  H. 

1922  Immel,  J.  H. 

Yanoonver  (Clarke) 

1922  Davison,  George  Mark 

1914  Swan,  Edgar  M. 

Walla  Walla  (Walla  Wal 

1906  Brooks,  J.  W. 

1906  Bryaon,  Herbert  0. 

1922  Casey,  E.  L. 

1906  Evans,  Marvin 

1908  Goes,  T.  P. 

1908  Sharpstcin,  John  L. 

1922  Toner,  Wilbur  A. 

Watenrillo  (Douglas) 

1922  Driver,    Samuel    M. 

1922  Hill,  Sam  R 

Wenatohee  (Chelan) 

1922  CroUard,  Fred  M. 

1921  Gfeller,  Alfred 

1922  LudiDgton,  B.  8. 


AHSUCAN   BAB   ASSOCIATION, 


WMT  ViaiHKIA 

Hnmtbtttw   (Oaben)   Oo* 

IMl    Aloinder,  A.  S. 

OoBfd 

1917 

Fnncia,  Jann  D. 

IBIl    Allrbieh.  LtRor 

Lynch,  Oiirin  W. 

i»n 

Gthaon.  Tiiillp  P. 

1S14    Avl,,  8,  B. 

IB21 

Molit,  Bonild  F, 

Graham.  John  T. 

1917    Blur.  Fiwtarick  O. 

1911 

rovetl.  mnk  U. 

Hall,  Oonoor 

ini    BouolKlIe,  J.  F. 

BobiiwB.  Howard  L. 

1917 

Inu,  Hari7  & 

l»2l    Brown,  Beverly 

19OT 

Smltli.    EdwMd    Onndl- 

Kin(.  H.  B. 

IWl    Brown,  J.nw.  P. 

Uyne,  Carney  U. 

IMl    Brawp.  W.  0. 

i9ca 

Smltb.  Haney  F. 

LlwMy.  Fred.   H. 

IKl    Oirnw,  Btibtn  h. 

19SI 

Winar,  Aaron 

IBIS 

Lorelt,  a  T. 

im    cm,  Henry  8. 

19tl 

McKeer,  S.  S. 

Mil    Chilton,    Winimm  Edwin 

OUy  (Clay) 

HenAaw,  W.  C  W. 

laei    Clark,    Tlwddcu*  3. 

1«1 

EaU«,  B.  C. 

IBM 

a»tt,   Paul   W. 

1911    Oil)',  Buckner 

isn 

inn    Colemu,  ThomM 

BlklBI  (Randolph) 

IBH 

EMlh.    WUlian.  WinI 

ISII    Oonl<y,  Willilm  0. 

iBii 

Staker,  L«wU  A. 

IKS    Divta,  D.  C.  T„  Jr. 

1914 

Kump,  H.  G. 

IBM 

Btrlcklinc,  a  W. 

ISll    Dtvlfc  gUlge 

1913 

llaiwtll,  W.  B. 

1911 

Tyna,  Bulord  0. 

IBM    Hodg«.  Arthur  B, 

Van  Bibber,  Cyrw  B. 

IBII    Howird,  Divid  C. 

Vlnaon,  Z.  T. 

IPU    Jipk»n,  Ifalffilm 

Fairmont  (Marlon) 

IBIS 

Wallace.  Owrs*  8. 

in4    Jobn-on,  CUdf  B. 

Alennder,  George  Jl- 

latl    Knlgtat,  Edw.  W. 

i9n 

Amoa,  Clay  D. 

Sanim  (Wayne) 

ma  hotb,  uo 

19M 

Bell,  Emeat  B. 

IBS 

lATina,   William  T. 

IMl    KeDonild,  Aopii  W- 

Haymond,  Frank  0. 

ims    Mithewi,   Wm.   BurdttU 

Moma,  Tuaci 

SayMT  (Uineral) 

in(    HendlCh,  Jima  A. 

l»n    Minor,  Berkelty,  Jr- 
1»1»    Ui»«*i>.  E.  F. 

HIT 
UU 

Powfll!  Charla 

19a 

1911 

Fiaher,  Hany  0. 
Welch,   Blchard  A. 

ign    UdrtoD,  R.  K<'>np 

1.14 

Wblli,  Kemble 

Sayitoo*  (McDowell) 

1«1    Payne, 'wiULim   D, 

rirettSTlII*  (Fayette) 

19U 

farUow,  In  j. 

1814    PoOenbuTBer,    Qconts 

Dillon,  C.  W. 

IBH    Praton,  John  J.   D. 

IBlfl 

Huhurd,  Robert  Thrurion 

KlnrwMd   (Preatm) 

IMl    Pricf,  OeoTte  E, 

Lee,  William  L. 

IBl* 

Orojan,  P.  J. 

1»»    Prict,  T.  BtMllt 

MoCluoE.  Higee 

Ull    RIB,  Hirold  A. 

im 

Uylti,  Tbomu  A. 

Loian  (Locan) 

ini    RiMiiMn,   DflbcrC  T. 

Nuckolls  Elberl  L. 

1911 

Qreerer,  Jama  B. 

mj    Slmnu,  John  T. 

OmitOD,  C.  W. 

MeNnnar,  W.  V. 

ins    Smith,  Hurrfaon  Brooki 
mi    SpilmM,  Hoben  9, 

Orafton  (Tiylor) 

IBU 

Minter,  0.  B. 

IKl    Stone,  Arthur  0. 

I9Z1 

Allendet,  J.  Ouj- 

■fadlaui  (Boone) 

IKl    SuHwr.  Edw.rd  M.r.h.11 

1911 

Heohmer.  John  L. 
Robinson.  Jed  W. 

iBa 

Murphy.  Frank  P. 
W.de,  W.  B. 

UU    TWi-md,  T.  C. 

WudH-.  Hugh 

IBn    WitU,  Jo.  aiickbum 

B^rv»n    TttTj    (Jcffn»n) 

1021    White,  John  Baker 

igu 

JeHonla,  Tracy  L. 

1»!1 

Sdiwenck.  Lawrence  S 

WIT    Wilei,  a«r«e  B.  0. 

191S 

DuDlap,  R.  F. 

1914 

Campbell,  Charlea  N. 

IB18     Beckwith,   Frank   J. 

Faulkner,  Charlea  J. 

1917    Brown,  Fomit  W, 

XnntlntWn  (Cabell) 

1919 

Fine.  Reuben 

1918 

Bltm,   Samuel 

Henaon.  J.  0. 

CUrkabnrr  (lUrriion) 

Brown.  Douetu  W. 

191T 

Ita    CliBord,  J.  PhiUtp 

Oowden,   William   K. 

1911 

Martin.'  aarence  E. 

IMl    JobnaoD,  Louii  A. 

Daitla,  Cary  H. 

Walk^.  Btiutt  W. 

UU    Uw.  J.  S. 

191B 

Filapatrick.   Hubert 

1911 

Woo^  John  K. 

STATE  LIST  OF   MEMBERS  BY   CITIES  AND  TOWNS. 


1009 


Montvomerj  (FmTette) 

1980    ChAmpe,  Vernon  0. 
1919    CNetl,  L.  Burke 

Mooreflald  (Hardy) 

1917  McOBuley,  O.  W. 

MorriiBtown  (Monongalia) 

191S    Baker,  Qeorge  C. 

1922    Madden,    Joseph   Warren 

1918  Stewart,  Edgar  B. 

KonndiTlUA  (Marahall) 

1918    C^rrigan,  Clhas.  E. 

1917  Evans,  D.  B. 

1918  Moore,  Everett  F. 

Mnllons  (Wyoming) 

1921    Moran,   O.   D. 
1921    Toler,  J.   Albert 
1921    Worrell,  Orover  O. 

V«w  MartintTille  (Wetxel) 

1909  WUlis,  M.  H. 

Parkeriburg  (Wood) 

1899    Arabler,  B.   Mason 

1917  Ambler,  Mason  O. 

1912  CJamden,  H.  P. 

1919  Dodge,  Harris  B. 

1910  Kreps,  Charles  A. 

1913  Laird.  John  F. 

1911  McDougle,  Walter  E. 
1921  Matthevra,  Howard  D. 
1897  Merrick,  Charles  D. 

1908  Miller,  William  N. 

1909  Moats,  Francis  P. 

1918  Smith,  Levin 
1897  Turner,  Smith  D. 
1904  Yandervort,  James  W. 
1904  Wolfe,  William  H. 

Fanoiu  (Randolph) 

1921    Pritt,  Wayne  E. 

1912  Valentine,  A.  Jay 

PhlUppi  (Barbour) 

1918    Dayton,    Arthur   S. 
1917    Ice,  W.  T.,  Jr. 
1917    Woods,  Samuel  V. 

Piedmont  (Mineral) 
1928    Arnold,   Arthur 

PtnerUle  (Wyoming) 
1921   Sbanoon,  F.  E. 


WEST  VntOZVIA— WI8C0H8IV 
Point  Pleaiant  (Mason) 

1909  Hogg,   Charles  E. 
1918    Spencer,  J.  S. 

Prlnoeton  (Mercer) 

1918    McOrath,  John  M. 
1921    Sanders,   Hartley 

Kkihwood  (Nicfaolaa) 
1918    Alderson,  Fleming  N. 

Romney  (Hampshire)- 
1918    Cornwall,  John  J. 

St.  M&ryB  (Pleasants) 
1912    Wells.    Ross 

Spencor  (Roane) 
1914    Baker,  John  M. 

Snmmortvllle  (Nicholas) 
1912    Breckinridge,  A.  N. 

Sutton  (Braxton) 

1917  Fox,  Fred  L. 

1918  Haymond,  W.  E. 

Vnlon   (Monroe) 
1021    Rowan,  John  L. 

Welch  (McDowell) 

1911    Anderson,  Luther  C. 

1921  Curd,  Thomas  H.  S. 

1922  Harman,    John    Newton, 
Jr. 

1921    Litz,  M.  O. 
1921    Sale,  Graham 

1910  Strother,  D.  J.  F. 

Wellibnrg  (Brooke) 
1918    Carter,  Edward  E. 

Weston  (Lewis) 

1917    Bland,  Robert  L. 
1908    Brannon,  W.  W. 
1921    SUthers,  Birk  8. 

Wheeling  (Ohio) 

1921  Bradshaw,  W.  L. 

1921  Brennan,  J.  H. 

1917  Conniff,  John  J. 

1921  Curl,  Joseph  R. 

1911  Ewing,  James  W. 
1921  Foulk,  Tom  B. 
1921  Handlan,  J.  Bernard 
1911  Hubbard,  Nelson  C. 
1921  HugUB,  Wright 
1911  McOamic,  Charles 


Wheeliiiff   (Ohio)    Oonf  d 

1918  McEee,  David  A. 

1921.  Nesbitt,  Frank  W. 

1918  Palmer,  John  C,  Jr. 

1912  Richards,  H.  C!ampbe]l 

1917  Riley,  T.  8.  / 

1918  Roeenbloom,  Benjamin  L. 
1921  Schuck,  Charles  J. 

1911  Somraerville,  J.  B. 

Williamson  (Mingo) 

1917  Bias,  B.  Randolph 

1916  Damron,    James 

1909  Ooodykoontz,  Wells 

1921  Sampsello,  L.  A. 

1912  Scherr,  Harry 
1921  Slaven,  Lant  R. 
1921  Stafford,  John  L. 

WISC0H8IH 

Antigo  (Langlade) 

1920  Dempsey,  Raymond  C. 

1921  Goodrick,   Arthur 
1921    Hay,  Henry 

Appleton   (Outagamie) 

1921    Berg,  Theodore 
1912    Bradford,  Francis  S.* 

1920  Cary,  Paul  V. 

Ashland  (Ashland) 

1012    Parish.  John  K.  (Biloxi, 
Miss.) 

1919  Pray,  Allan  T. 
1017    Risjord,  Gullick  N. 
1912    Shea,    William  F. 

BAniboo  (Sauk) 

191G    Bentley,  Frank  R. 
1916    Evans,   Evan  A. 

B&ylLeld  (Bayfield) 
1914    Fisher,  John  J. 

Beaver  Bam  (Dodge) 

1911  Swan,  George  B. 

Beloit  (Rock) 

1912  Adams,  H.   W. 

1921  Christensen,    Chester   H. 

Berlin  (Green  Lake) 

1921    Engelbracht,  Fred,  Jr. 
1921    Heaney,  George  B. 
1912    Wood,  John  J, 


1010 


AMERICAN   BAB  ASSOCIATION. 


Burlintion  (Racine) 

1920    Karcher,  Nettie  E. 

< 

Ohilton  (Calumet)    f 
1920    Arps,  Helmuth  F. 

Chippewa    Falla    (Chippewa) 

1920    Cook,  Dayton  E. 
1917    Pannier,  J.  E. 
1897    Stafford,  W.  H. 

Colhj  (Clark) 
1920    Jackson,  Frank  A. 

Eaplo  Rlvor  (Vilaa) 
1912    O'Connor,   George  E. 

Ean  Ol&lre  (Eau  Claire) 

1922    Beach,  P.  M. 

1922    Holland,  lliomas  M. 

1912    Wilcox,    Roy   Porter 

Elkhorn  (Walworth) 

1912    Lyon,   Jay  F. 

1919  Netherton,  Claude  O. 

1920  Page,  Jay  W. 

Ellsworth  (Pierce) 
1917    Haddow,   Wipfred  O. 

Fond  dn  Lao  (Fond  du  Lac) 

1921  Chadbourne,  Franklin  W. 
1017    Doyle,  T.  L. 

1914  TInstin?,  Bonduel  Albert 
1921  McOalloway,  John  P. 
1921  Mcintosh,  Kate  H.  Pier 
1921  McKenna,  Maurice 

1921  Martin,   P.   H.,    Jr. 

1921  Pier,    Kate 

1921  Roemer,  Caroline  H.  Pier 

1921  Sinaonds,  Harriet  Pier 

Olenwood  City  (St.  Croix) 
1917    Dean,  H.  H. 

Grand  Raplda  (Wood) 

1915  Briere,  Cbarlee  E. 

Green  Bay  (Browif) 

1920  Cook,  William 

1911  Evans,   William  L. 

1880  Fairchild,    H.   O. 

1911  Gauerke,  John  W. 

1912  Martin,   P.    IT. 
191'!  Minahan,  Eben  R. 
1911  Neville,    Arthur  C. 
1911  North,  Jerome  Reynolds 
}011  Parker,  Barton  L. 


wisoovsni 

Hartland  (Waukesha) 
1912    Stevens,  John  C,  Jr. 

HiUshoro  (Vernon) 

1916  Hammer,  E.  J. 

Hudson  (St.  Croix) 

1917  Thompson,  George 

Janesville  (Rock) 

1916*  Burpee,  F.  C. 

1916    Dougherty,   William   H. 

1918  Enslow,  (Tharles  A. 

1921  Gmbb,  Paul  N. 
1880  Jeffris,  Malcolm  G. 
1911  Matheson,    Alexander   E. 
1911  Mouat,  Malcolm  0. 

1911  Nolan,  Thomas  S. 

19ia  Oestreich,  Otto  A. 

1916  Richardson,    Marshall   P. 

1911  Sutherland,  George  G. 

1916  Tallman,  Stanley  D. 

1911  Whitehead,    John   M. 

Jnxtean  (Dod^e) 

1917  Christiansen,  Christian 

A. 
1906    Lueck,  Martin  L. 

Kenosha  (Kcnoeha) 

1916  Barnes,  Chester  D. 

1916  Buckmaster,  Albert  E. 
1920  Dniry,   Alfred  L. 

1922  Higgins,  Edward  P. 
1019  Mittclstaedt,  Gustav 
1920  Powell,  Lewis  W. 

1912  Stewart,  Calvin 

1920  Tully,  James  E. 

La  Orosse  (La  Crosse) 

1021  Baldwin,  Cameron  L. 

1912  Gordon,   George  H. 

1917  Higbee,  Jesse  E. 
1021  Lees,    Andrew 

1912    McConnell,  John  E. 

1921  Schlabach,  Otto  M. 

Ladysmlth  (Rusk) 

1917  CJarow,  J.   W. 

1921  Falge,   0.   J. 

1919  Kirwan,   Charles 

1920  Thomas,  Theodore  M. 

Lake  Geneva  (Walworth) 
1008   Sears,   Nathaniel  Q, 


Madiion  (Dana) 

1921  Aberg,  William  J.  P. 

1911  Bagley,  WillUm  R. 

1912  Blake,   Ohauncej  B. 

1911  Butler,  Harry  L. 

1912  Doerfler,  Ohristiaa 
1912  Ela,  Emerson 
1912  Eschweiler,  F.  C. 

1917  Oilman,    Winfleld  W. 
1916  Uambrecht,  George  P. 
1919  Hill,  Carl  N. 

1916  Hoppman,  A.  C. 

1921  Hoyt,  Ralph  M. 

1911  Jackman,   Ralph   W. 
1889  Jones,   Burr   W. 
1919  McLeod,   Arthur  A 

1912  Mason,   Vroman 
1919  Michelson,   Albert  O. 
1921  Morgan,  William  J. 
1921  Nelson,   Robert  N. 

1911  Olin,  John  M. 
1923  Owen,   Walter  C. 
1919  Petersen,  Arnold  R. 
1921  Reed,   Frank  D. 
1899  Richards,  Harry  S. 

1912  Roeenberry,  Marvin  B. 
1916  Rundell.  Oliver  S. 
1019  Ryan,    William 

1907  Sanborn,  John  Bell 

1921  Sauthoff,  Harry 

1919  Schein,  S.  B. 

1911  Schubring,  E.  J.  B. 
1921  Spohn,    William  H. 

1912  Stebbins,  Byron  H. 
1912  Stevens,  E.   Ray 

1916  Stroud,  Ray  M. 

191 4  Tenncy,   Charles  Homer 

1912  Whelan,  Chas.  E. 

Kaaltowoc  (Manitowoc) 

1912  Baensch,   Emil 

1921  Brady,  Charles  E. 

1920  Markluni,  Herbert  L. 
1912  Nash,  Archie  L. 
1912  Na<)h,  Edwin  G. 

1906  Nash,   Lj'man  J. 

Marinette  (Marinette) 

1918  Goldman,  Harry  R. 

Marshfleld  (Wood) 

1917  Pors,  Emil  C. 

lUyviUe  (Washington) 

1912  Naber,  Emil  H. 

Menasha  (Winnebego) 

1917  Fitxcibboo,  Heuy 


STATE  LIST  OF   MEMBERS   BT   CI? 


M«rriU  (Linooln) 

int  Bunke,  Richard  B. 

Milwaukee  (Milwaukee) 

1912  Aarons,  Charles  L. 

1920  Alexander,  Errett  If. 

IMO  Anderson,   Orlaf 

1912  Babb,  Max  Wellington 

1912  Baker,  Norman  L. 

1914  BaUhorn,  George  B. 

1912  Bancroft,  L.  H. 

191«  Bartelt,  Arthur  H. 

1912  Black,  W.  E. 

1917  Blake,  James  B. 

1911  Bloodgood,  Francis,  Jr. 

1912  Bloodgood,  Wheeler  P. 
1912  Boesel,  Frank  Tllden 

1911  Bohmrich,  Louis  Q. 
1920  Brennan,  Martin  J. 
19KI  Breslauer,   Arthur 

1916  Oady,  Samuel  H. 

1912  Oarfoys,  J.  O. 

1920  Canigan,  Emmett  J. 

1920  Oordes,  Joseph  E. 

1912  Corrlgan,  Walter  D. 

1912  Dahlman,  Louis  A. 

1920  Drew,  Walter 

1912  Dumnt,  Paul  D. 

1911  Ftairchlld,  Arthur  W. 
1017  Faircfaild,  Edward  T. 

1912  Fawsett,  Oharles  F. 
1912  Fish,  Irving  A. 

1917  Flynn,  J.  Wallace 
1920  Fox,  John  McD. 
1912  Freeman,  Robert  B. 
1912  Friend,  Charles 
1898  Frost,  Edward  W. 
1912  Furlong,  William  E. 
1919  Qehrz,  Gustave  G. 
1912  Geiger,  Ferdinand  A. 
1912  GeilfUMS,  Carl  F. 

1910  Gregory,  John  J. 
1012  Halsey,  Lawrence  W. 
1912  Hammersley,  Chaa.  B. 

1911  Hannan,  Timothy  J. 

1916  Hardgrove,  J.  Gilbert 

1912  Harper,  John  F. 
1910  Hayes,  W.  A. 

1912  Houghton,  Frank  W. 

1912  Hoyt,  Frank  M. 

191fi  Hudnall,  George  K 

1914  Jackson,  Russell 

1917  Kane,  Henry  V. 

1914  Karrow,  Herman  Henry 

1912  Kaumheimer,  William 

1917  Kay,  Alfred 

1912  Kellogg,  Harry  L. 

1918  Kemper,  Jackson  B. 


WI8001I8IV 

MUwankee   (Milwauki 
Cont'd 

1911  Killilea,  Henry  J. 

1921  Krixek,  Joseph  F. 

1919  Laflin,  Herbert  N. 
1917  Lecher,  Louis  A. 
1916  Levin,  Michael 

1911  Lines,  George 

1920  Luick.  Ida  E. 

1912  McGovern,  Francis  B! 

1922  McMahon,  Omar  J. 

1916  McMahon,  Stephen  J. 
1912  McMillan,  John  W. 

1917  McBlynn,  Robert  N. 
1912  Mack,  Edwin  S. 
1917  Mahoney,  Henry 
1912  Mann,  Charles  D. 

1921  Marshutz,  J.  H. 
1886  Miller,  Benjamin  K. 
1803  Miller,  George  P. 
1920  Mock,  Edward  A. 
1912  Morris,  Charles  M. 
1912  Morsell,  A.  L. 

1911  Morton,  George  E. 

1920  Mueller,  Arthur  A. 

1916  Muskat,  Carl 

1921  Newcomb,  Paul  R. 

1917  Nivea,  John  M. 

1912  Pereles,  Nathan,  Jr. 

1919  Quarles,  Charles  B. 
1908  Qnarles,  James 

1918  Quarles,  Louis 
1912  Quarles,  William  C. 
1917  Reeder,  Charles  W. 
1917  Richardson.  Emmet  L 
1006  Riordan,  Daniel  E. 
1912  Rix.  Carl  B. 

1917  Sabstein,  Benjamin  F. 

1920  Schoetz,  Max,  Jr. 
1916  Smart,  Edward  M. 
1916  Smith,  Samuel  M. 

1916  Spooner,  Willett  M. 

1917  SUrk,  Henry  W.« 

1919  Steams,  Perry  J. 
1916  Stebbins,  Albert  K. 

1916  Stem,  Morris 
1911  Swansen,  Sam.  T. 
1021  Swietlik,  Francis  X. 

1911  Tibbs,  William  L. 

1917  Timlin,  William  H. 
1916  Tower,  Edwin  B.  H., 
1017  Tfost,  Hugo  J. 

1912  Van  Dyke,  Douglass 
1898  Van  Dyke,  George  D. 
1808  Van  Dyke,  WiUiam  I 
1916  Williams,  Clifton 
1912  Wood,  Edgar  L. 
1912  Tockey,  Ohauneer  W 


STATE  U8T  OF  MEMBEBS  BY   GITl 


ZJUk    (Niobran)    Oont'd 

1914    Brown,  Edwin  L. 
1022    Hartwell,  J.  0. 

Moororof  t  (Orook) 
192S    Edson,  Benrx  F. 

Veweaatld  (Weston) 

1922  Greenwood,  James  A. 

1922  McAvoy,  Preston  T. 

1922  McDonald,  Once 

1917  Baymond,  E.  O. 

1922  Wakeman,  E.  E. 

Powell  (Park) 
1917    Kerper,  George  B.,  Jr. 


WTOXIHO 

Bawllni  (Carbon) 

1911  Brimmer,  George  £.   | 
1921    Greenfield,  )f.  R. 
1921    Rosier,   Arthur  J. 

Book  Spring!  (Sweetwate 

1917  Muir,  W.  A. 

1918  Preston,  Douglas  A. 

1912  TaUaferro,  llios.  Sedd< 

Sheridan  (Sheridan) 
1917  Kutcher.  Charles  A. 
1911    Lonabaugh,  B.  £. 


NOTICE  AS  TO  BEPOETS. 

By  order  of  the  Executive  Committee,  the  following  prices 
have  been  fixed  for  the  reports,  which  are  about  suflScient  to  pay 
the  cost  of  printing  and  postage.  The  earlier  volumes  are  in  bad 
condition.  Only  paper  bound  volumes  of  the  years  1881  to  1895 
inclusive  can  be  furnished. 

Vols.  I,  II  and  III  (1878-1880),  out  of  print. 

Vols.  4  and  5  (1881  and  1882),  postpaid,  paper,  75  cents. 

Vol.  6  (1883);  out  of  print. 

Vols.  7  to  18  (1884  to  1895),  postpaid,  paper,  75  cents. 

Vols.  19  to  26  (1896  to  1903),  postpaid,  paper  (Vols.  20,  21,  24), 

75  cents;  cloth,  $1.00. 
Vols.  27  and  28  (1904  and  1905),  postpaid,  cloth,  $1.25. 
Vol.  29  (1906,  Part  1)  (American  Bar  Association  Proceedings, 

only),  postpaid,  cloth,  $1.00. 
Vol.  30  (1906,  Part  2)  (Proceedings  of  Sections,  Association  of 

American  Law  Schools,  Uniform  State  Laws),  out  of  print. 

Vol.  31  (1907),  out  of  print.    (Vol.  32  Sharswood's  Ethics.) 

Vols.  33  to  37  (1908  to  1912),  postpaid,  cloth,  $1.25. 

Vols.  38  to  41  (1913  to  1916),  postpaid,  cloth,  $2.00. 

Vol.  42  (1917),  out  of  print. 

Vols.  43  to  44  (1918  to  1919),  postpaid,  cloth,  $2.00. 

Vols.  45  to  46  (19)30  to  1921),  postpaid,  cloth,  $2.00. 
Vol.  47  (1922),  postpaid,  cloth,  $2.00. 

Each  member  of  the  Association  will  receive,  as  soon  as  pub- 
lished, and  without  cost  to  him,  one  copy  of  the  proceedings  for 
each  year  of  his  membership.  Members  desiring  extra  copies, 
and  new  members  desiring  back  reports,  will  be  charged  the  above 
prices. 

Application  for  reports  may  be  made  to 

W.  Thomas  Kemp,  Secretary, 
901  Maryland  Trust  Building,  Baltimore,  Md. 


(1015) 


INDEX. 

Addrev,  Aimual  by  Calvin  Coolidge J 

Adier,  Herman  M 

Aubepin,  M.  Henry 

Butler,   Nicholas  Murray 

Conrey,  N.  P 

Coolidge,  Calvin   

Edgerton,  Edwin  O 

Gordon,  Hugh  

Griffith,  Franklin  T 

Guernsey,  Nathaniel  T 

Harrison,  Maurice  E , 

Kidd,  A.  M 

Larsen,  John  A 

Severance,  Cordenio  A 

Shaw,  Lord    

Shaw,  Lucien  

Smith,  F.  Dumont 

Stephens,  William  D 

Stockbridge,  Henry  

Taft,  William  Howard 

Vollmer,  August   

Wilbur,  Curtis  D 

Addresses,  Annual,  List  of 

Adjournment   : 

Adler,  Herman  M.,  Address  by 

Administration  of  Justice,  Address  by  A.  M.  K  I 
Administration  of  Justice  .in  the  Federal  Cour  i 

Needed  Reform  in  the,  Address  by  Willian 
Admiralty  and  Maritime  Law,  Committee  on. 

Report  of   

Aeronautics,  Committee  on  Law  of 

Report   of    

Alphabetical  List  of  Members. 

Amendment  to  By-Laws  

American  Citizenship,  Committee  on 

Report  of  

Annual,  Address,  by  Calvin  Coolidge 

Addresses,  List  of 

Dinner,  Memorandum  of 

Meetings,  List  of 

Appendix    , , , , , , , . 

(1017) 


Apprt^riationa  for  Ezpensefl  of  Committ«eB 109, 113 

Aubepin,  M,  Henry,  Addresi  by 244 

Aviation,  Report  of  Committee  on  Iaw  of 97,413 

Balance  between  Federal  and  State  Powen  of  Public  Utilitjr 

R^ulation,  Preservation  of  AddreM  by  Hugh  Gordon. ...  661 
Bar  Aaociatioco— 

Conf^'ence  of 593 

•Lirt  of  State  Bar 437 

Repreaentativea  from,  at  1932  meeting 600 

Some  of  the  Larger  Local  Bar 441 

Special  Conference  on  Legal  Education 483 

Berkeley  Lie  Detector  and  other  Deception  Tests,  Address  by 

John  A.  Larsen .^ 619 

Butler,  Nicholas  Murray,  Address  by ; 278 

By-Laws  of  American  Bar  Association '  140 

Discueeion  concerning  amendments  to 60 

Canons  of  Ethics 7 

Chase,  Marking  Grave  of  Former  Chief  Justice  Salmon  P., 

Committee  on 160 

CUssification  and  Restatement  of  the  Law,  Committee  on 150 

Report  of  '. 82,381 

Commerce,  Trade  and  Commercial  Law,  Committee  on 156 

Report  of K,28S 

Commissioners  on  Uniform  State  Laws  (see  Uniform  8tftte 

Lave,  CommisaioDers  on) 691 

Committee,  Executive  146 

List  of  Executive 131 

Report  of  Executive...' 27,110 

Committee  on  Admiralty  and  Maritime  Law 167 

Keport  of  ;.-. 70,367 

on  American  Citiienahip. 160 

Report  of  34,416 

on  Commerce,  Trade  and  Commercial  Lav ifiQ 

Report  of  , 62,288 

to  Consider  Date  of  Presidential  Liauguration...... , ..  169 

Report  of   82 

to  Consida:  Classification  and  Restatement  of  the  I,>aw. .  1S9 

Report  of  '. 82,301 

on  Federal  Taxation  160 

on  Finance  159 

Report  of  436 

on  Insurance  Law 156 

Report  of  59,3S3 

on  Internal  Revenue  Law  and  its  Means  of  Collection. .  98 

Report  of  433 


INDEX. 

Committee — Continued 

on  International  Law 

Report  of  

on  Judicial  Ethics 

on  Jurisprudence  and  Law  Reform ' 

Report  of  ' 

on  Law  Enforcement 

Report  of  

on  Law  of  Aeronautics 

Report  of   

on  Legal  Aid  

Report  of  

on  Marking  Grave  of  Former  Chief  Ju 

Chase    

on  Membership   

Report  of  

on  Mem^iials  

Report   of    

on  Noteworthy  Changes  in  Statute  Laxi 

Report  of   

on  Professional  Ethics  and  Grievances. . 

Report  of  

on  Promotion  of  American  Ideals,  Repo 

on  Publications ' 

on  Publicity 

Report  of , 

on  Removal  of  Government  Liens  on  R 
on  Uniform  Judicial  Procedure 

Report  of 

Committees — 

Appropriations  for  Expenses  of ...... . 

Memorandum  of  Subjects  Referred  to. 

Special    

Standing  

Comparative  Law  Bureau- 
Officers  of 

Election  of  

Proceedings  of    

Report  of  Secretary  of 

Conference  of  Bar  Association  Delegates — 

List  of  Delegates  Registered 

Officers  of  

Election   of    

Proceedings  of   

Special  Conference  on  Legal  Education 
Conrey,  N,  P„  Addr§»  by.,,,, 


Consider  Change  of  Date  of  PreddentJal  Inauguration,  Com- 
mittee to    159 

Report  of  82,391 

Constitution  of  American  Bar  Association 134 

Discussion  Concerning  Amendmente  to SO 

CcDStitution  and  Individualism,  AddresB  by  Cordenio  A.  Sevei^ 

Mice    163 

Contents,  1922  Report 3 

CooUdge,  Calvin,  Addre«  by 270 

Criminal  Law,  Section  of— 

Adler,  Herman  M.,  AddreBB  of Q29 

Kidd,  A.  M.,  Address  of 814 

Larsen,  John  A,  Address  of 819 

Officers  of  US 

Election  of  613 

Proceedings  of    ,^ 607 

Vollmer,  August,  Address  of 609 

Criminal  Procedure,  Interests  of  Psychiatry  in,  Address  by 

Herman  M.  Adler 839 

Deception  Tests,  Berkeley  Lie  Detector  and  other.  Address  by 

John  A.  Larsen 619 

Defense  of  Insanity  to  a  Criminal  Chaise  be  Aboli^ed,  Should 

the,  Address  by  Curtis  D.  Wilbur 459 

Del^ates  from  American  Bar  Association  to  Conference  of  Bar 

Association  Delegates,  1922  and  1923 600,  U9 

Delegates  and  Members  Registered — 

American  Bar  Association 114 

Conference  of  Del^ates 600 

Judicial  Section   480 

Delegates  from  State  and  Local  Bar  Associations 600 

Development  of  the  Law  of  Waters  in  the  West,  AddrecB  by 

Lucien  Shaw  189 

Dinner,  Memorandum  of  Annual 13S 

Division  of  Governmental  Powers  in  France  and  America, 

Addren  by  M.  Henry  Aubepin 344 

Education   for  Lawyers,   Preliminary,  A'ddress  by  Nicholas 

Murray  Butler  278 

Education,  Section  of  Legal  (see  L^al  Education  Section)  —  689 

Edgerton,  Edwin  0.,  Address  by M2 

Election  of  General  Council 30 

of  Members,  by  Executive  Committee 103, 110 

Election  of  Officers- 
American  Bar  Association 1"' 

Comparative  Law  Bureau *52 

Conference  of  Bar  Association  Delegates 692 

Criminal  Law  Section '" 


INDXZ. 

Election  of  Officers— Continued 

General  Council  , 

Judicial  Section  •, 

Legal  Education,  Section  of. < 

Patent,  Trade-Mark  and  Cop3rright  Law, 

Public  Utility  Law,  Section  of 

Ethics,  Canons  of i 

Ptofessional,  and  Grievances,  Committee 

Report   of    

Executive  Committee — 

List  of  

Report  of  

Federal  and  State  Powers  of  Public  Utility  Regi 
vation  of  Balance  between,  Address  by  Hu| 

Federal  Taxation,  Committee  on 

Field  of  Opportunity,  Judicial  Section  and  iti 

N.  P.  Conr^ 

Finance,  Committee  on 

Report  of 

General  Council,  Election  of 

List  of  

Report  of,  on  Nominations  for  Membershj 

Geographical  List  of  Members 

Gordon,  Hugh,  Address  by 

Government  Liens  on  Real  Estate,  Removal  of,  C 
Governmental  Powers  in  France  and  America 

Address  by  M.  Henry  Aubepin 

Grievances,  Professional  Ethics  and,  Committee 

Report  of  

Griffith,  Franklin  T.,  Address  by. 

Guernsey,  Nathaniel  T.,  Address  by 

Harrison,  Maurice  E.,  Address  by 

Honorary  Members,  List  of 

Individualism,  The  Constitution  and.  Address  b 

Severance    

Industrial  Court,  Kansas,  Address  by  F.  Dumon 

Insanity  to  a  Criminal  Charge  be  Abolishe 

Defense  of,  Address  by  C\ui;is  D.  Wilbur. . . 

Insurance  Law,  Committee  on 

Report  of  ; 

Interests  of  P^rchiatiy  in  Criminal  Procedui 

Herman  M.  Adler 

Internal  Revenue  Law  and  its  Means  of  Col 

of  Committee  on 

International  Law,  Committee  on 

Report  of  


PMB 

Journal,  AmerieaK  Bar  Awooiation 104, 108, 110 

Judicial  Ethics,  Committee  im 160 

Judicial  Procedure,  Uniform,  Committee  on ISfl 

Report  of  ; 80,370 

Judicial  Section — 

Conrey,  N.  P.,  Address  by 472 

Members  of  Section  Roistered 4S0 

Officers  of  146 

Election  o(  458 

Proceedings  of   467 

Wilbur,  Curtis  D.,  Address  of '. 4E9 

Judicial  Section  and  its  Field  of  Opportunity,  Address  by 

N.  P.  Conr^ 472 

Jurisprudence  and  Law  Reform,  Committee  on 15S 

Report  of  60,366 

Kansas  Industrial  Court,  Addreas  by  F.  Dumont  Smith 208 

Kidd,  A.  M,  Address  by 614 

Larsen,  John  A,  AddrcM  by 619 

Law  of  Aeronautics,  Committee  on 150 

Report  of  97,413 

Law  Enforcement,  Committee  on 166 

Report  of  73,424 

Law  of  Waters  in  the  West,  Development  of  the.  Address  by 

Lucien  Shaw   180 

Legal  Aid,  Committee  on 156 

Report  of  96,403 

Legal  Education  and  Admissions  to  the  Bar,  Section  of— 

Officers  146 

Election  of  690 

Papers  Read,  List  of  (see  1920  Report,  page  320). 

Proceedings  of    689 

Legal  Education,  Special  Conference  of  Bar  Association  Dele- 
gates on    483 

Legislation   Proposed   or   Recommended   by    American   Bar 
AsHociatiort— 

Bill  concerning  revision  of  Trade-Mark  Act 40,606 

Bill  ampnding  the  Judicial  Code 366 

Bill  coDcerning  Writs  of  Error  and  Appeals 356, 366 

Bill  to  Protect  Ahens  in  Treaty  Rights 357 

Bill  concerning  Uniform  State  Act  on  Arbitration 53,318 

Bill  concerning  loss  of  Civil  Right« 357 

Bill  concerning  removal  of  causes 62,357 

Bill  concerning  modemiiation  and  uniformity  of  pro-  ' 

cedure  and  practice  of  Federal  Courts 82, 370 

Bill  for  the  Regulation  of  Insurance 6Q,  354 


IKDKX. 

.Legislation  Proposed   or   Recommended   bj 
Association— Continued 
Bill  to  allow  suits  in  admiralty  against 

the  United  States 

Bill  Authorizing  the  Courts  of  the  Unite 

Declaratory  Judgments   

Concerning  increase  of  number  of  Jud 

Court    

Limitations  of  Law,  Address  by  Calvin  Coolie 
List  of — 

Addresses  Section  of  Legal  Education  (i 
page  329). 
Patent  Law  Section  (see  1920  Repc 

Annual  Addresses    

Commissioners  on  Uniform  State  Laws. . 

Committees  of   

Committees- 
Executive    

Special   

Standing    

General  Council  

Local  Council   

Meetings  Held,  and  Attendance 

Members — 

Alphabetical   

Geographical    

Honorary    

Members  and  Del^ates  Registered  at  y. 
Members  of  Judicial  Section  Registered. 

of  Subjects  Referred  to  Committees 

Officers   

Papers  Read   

Presidents    

President's  Addresses  

Representatives  of  Bar  Associations  Re 
Representatives  of  American  Bar  Asso 

to  Conference  of  Delegates 

Secretaries    , 

State  Bar  Associations 

Some  Larger  Local  Bar  Associations. . . 

Treasurers    

Vice-Presidents  and  Local  Councils... 

Local  Bar  Associations,  Some  Larger 

Marking  Grave  of  Former  Chief  Justice  Salmoi 

mittee  on  

Meetings,  List  of  Places  of 


PAOI 

Members,  Alphabetical  Lilt  of 733 

Deceased   3gS 

Geographical  Liat  of  882 

Honorary    722 

Judicial  Section  Registered 480 

RegiBtered  at  Meeting,  List  of 114 

State  List  of „  88Z 

Membership,  Ccnnmittee  on 157 

Report  of  79,389 

Memorandum  of  Subjects  Refeired  to  Committeee 441 

Memorial,  Committee  on 157 

Report  of  80,395 

Nfttional  Confer^ce  of  CommimonerB   (see  Uniform  State 

Laws,  Commissioners  on) 091 

Nomiaating  Committee,  Report  of 101 

Noteworthy  Changes  in  Statute  I^w,  Committee  on 157 

Report  of  80 

Notice  u  to  Sale  of  A.  B.  A.  Reports 1015 

Obituaries,  Committee  on 157 

Report  of  00,385 

OfRcen  (see  Election)— 

American  Bar  Anociation 101,140 

Bar  Association  Delegates,  Conference  of 147,592 

ComminionerB  im  Uniform  State  Laws 147, 095 

Comparative  Law  Bureau 140,452 

Criminal  Law  Section 147, 612 

Judicial  Section   140,458 

Legal  Education,  Section  of 140,000 

Patent,  Trade-Mark  and  Copyright  taw 148,000 

Public  Utility  Law 148,034 

Papers  Read,  List  of 443 

Papers  Read  before  Amaican  Bar  Association — 

Aubepin,  M.  Heniy 344 

Butler,  Nicholas  Murray 278 

Coolidge,  Calvin 370 

Harrison,  Maurice  E 23 

Severance,  Cordenio  A 183 

Shaw,  Lord  219 

Shaw,  Lucien  188 

Smith,  F.  Dumont 208 

Stephens,  William  D W 

Papen  Read  before  Judicial  Section— 

Conrey,  N.  P 472 

WiUnir,  Curtis  D 450 

Papers  Read  before  Criminal  Law  Sectioo— 

Adler,  Herman  M 839 


i 


INDBX. 

Papers  Read  before  Criminal  Law  Section — ( 

Kidd,  A.  M 

Larsen,  John  A 

Papers  Read  before  Public  Utility  Law  Sectio 

Edgerton,   Edwin  O 

Gordon  Hugh 

Griffith,  Frank  T 

Guernsey,  Nathaniel  T 

Papers  Read  before  Commissioners  on  Unifom 

Stockbridge,  Heniy  

Patent,  Trade-Mark  and  Copyright  Law,  Sect 

Officers  of  

Election  of  

Papers  Read,  List  of  (see  1920  Report,  | 

Proceedings  of 

Places  of  Meetings  and  Attendance 

Portrait,  Cordenio  A.  Severance 

Possible  and  Needed  Reforms  in  the  Administn 

in  the  Federal  Courts,  Address  by  William  '. 

Powers  under  Commission  Laws,  Rate-Makiz 

Nationel  T.  Guernsey 

Preliminary  Education  for  Lawyers,  Address  by 

ray  Butler    

Presei-vation  of  Balance  between  Federal  and 

of  Public  Utility  Regulation,  Address  by  H 

Presidential  Address  by  Cordenio  A.  Severanc< 

Presidents,  List  of 

Proceedings — 

American  Bar  Association — 

First  Day,  Morning  Session 

Afternoon  Session    

Evening  Session  

Second  Day,  Morning  Session. . . . 

Afternoon  Session 

Evening  Session  

Third  Day,  Morning  Session 

Comparative  Law  Bureau 

Conference  of  Bar  Association  Delegate 
Special  Conference  of  Bar  Associ 

on  Legal  Education 

Conference  of  Commissioners  of  Unifon] 

Criminal  Law  Section 

Judicial  Section   

L^al  Education,  Section  of 

Patent,  Trade-Mark  and  Copyright  Lan^ 
Public  Utility  Law,  Section  of 


lose  nratEZ. 

PAOl 

Profeaeional  Ethics,  Canoiu  of 7 

Committee  on  167 

Report  of  44,286 

Promotion  of  American  Ideals,  Report  of  Committee  on 34,416 

PBychiatiy  in  Criminal  Procedure,  Interests  of,  Address  of 

Herman  M.  Adier 639 

Public  Utility  Law,  Section  of — 

Edgerton,  Edwin  0.,  Address  of. 653 

Gordon,  Hugh,  Address  of 661 

Griffith,  Franklin  T.,  Address  of 675 

Guernsey,  Nathaniel  T.,  Address  of 637 

Officers  of  146 

Election  of  634 

Proceedings  of   634 

Publications,  Committee  on 157 

Publicity,  Committee  on 157 

Report  of  56, 394 

Public  Utility  Law,  Address  by  Edwin  0.  Edgerton 652 

Range  of  Law,  Widening,  Address  by  Ltutl  Shaw 219 

Rate-Making  Powers  under  Conunission  Laws,  Addre«  by 

Nathaniel  T.  Guernsey 637 

Recapitulation  of  Members  by  States 1014 

Refomu)  in  the  Administration  of  Justice  in  the  Federal  Courts, 

Possible  and  Needed,  Address  by  William  Howard  Taf t ...  250 

Register  of  Delegates  and  Members  at  Meeting 114 

of  Members  of  Judicial  Section 480 

of  Representatives  of  Bar  Associations BOO 

Removal  of  Government  Liens  on  Real  Estate,  Committee  on. .  160 

Report  of  Executive  Committee 37,110 

Report  of  Secretary 26, 103 

Report  of  Treasurer 36, 106 

Repc^  of  American  Bar  Anociation,  Terms  of  Sale 1015 

Reports  of  Officers  and  Committees  (see  Respective  Officers 

and  Committees). 
Representatives  from  American  Bar  Association  to  Conference 

of  Bar  Association  Delegates,  1022  and  1933 600,150 

Representatives  of  Bar  Associations  at  Annual  Meeting 600 

Report  of  Conference 602 

Report  of  Special  Conference  on  L^al  Education 4SS 

Resolutions — 

American  Bar  AsBOciation— 

Concerning  Rule  prohibiting  solicitation  of  buai- 

nesB  by  patent  attorneys 44 

Rights  of  laymen  registered  as  attorneys  in 
Patent  Office  to  use  "  patent  attorney  " 

or  "income  tax  attorney" 46 


INDXX. 

Resolutions — Continued 

Permanent  Court  of  Inten 

Amendment  to  the  Federal  Com 

Disapproval  of  report  of  Specia 

Classification  and  Restatemei 

Vote  of  Thanks  to  City  of  San  Fi 

Rights  of  the  Utility  under  CommissioQ  Re| 

by  Franklin  T.  Griffith 

Secretaries,  List  of 

Assistant,  List  of.. 

Secretary,  Report  of 

Sections — 

Comparative  Law  Bureau * 

Report  of  

Conference  of  Bar  Association  Delegates 

Report  of 

Criminal  Law 

Report  of  

Judicial  Section   

Report  of  

Legal  Education  

Report  of  » 

Patent,  Trade-Mark  and  Copyright  Law 

Report  of 

Public  Utility  Law 

Report  of  , 

Severance,  Cordenio  A.,  Address  by 

Shaw,  Lord,  Address  by 

Shaw,  Lucien,  Address  by , 

Should  the  Defense  of  Insanity  to  a  Criminal  (  i 

ished,  Address  by  Curtis  D.  Wilbur 

Smith,  F.  Dumont,  Address  by . 

Special  Committees   

(See  Commissioners  on  Uniform  State  L    < 

Standing  Committees  

(See  Commissioners  on  Uniform  State  L    i 
State  Bar  Associations- 
Conference  of  Representatives 

List  of . 

Representatives  Registered 

State  List  of  Members 

Stephens,  William  D.,  Address  by 

Stockbridge,  Henry,  Address  as  President  of  C 

Uniform  State  Laws 

Subjects  Referred  to  Committees,  Memorandi 
Taft,  William  Howard,  Address  by 


Tre«urer,  Report  of 130 

TreMurers,  tiat  of  Former 130 

TraonctiwB  46th  Anaual  Meetii« 19 

Umform  Acta  Approved  by  Commurionen  on  Uniform  State 

Lawa  708 

Uniform  Judicial  K-ocedure,  Committee  on ISQ 

Report  of  80,370 

Uniform  State  Lawo,  CtHnmianonoB  on— 

'    CommiaBonerB,  List  of 700 

Committeea,  List  of 405 

Memorandum  of  Origin,  Nature  and  Scope.' SOI 

Officers  147,608 

Former    695 

Proceedings  70S 

Stockbridge,  Henry,  Addrees  of 717 

Vioe-Presidents  and  Local  Councils,  tjat  of 140 

Vollmer,  August,  Address  by 609 

Widening  Range  of  Law,  Addreea  by  L<vd  Shaw 210 

Wilbur,  Curtis  D.,  Address  by 460 


3  bios  ObS  fl 


I 

f 

I 


V 

«' 


.« 


I 


«' 
V 


8 

8 
n 

I 

Bfl